Application of Ergonomics in Industry

APPLICATION OF APPLICATION ERGONOMICS  IN IN INDUSTRY Speaker

DR.S.N.NAYAK, MD INSPECTOR OF FACTORIES

M e d I c a l

Ergonomics was invented in 1857and was understood as “a scientific approach enabling us to reap for the benefit of ourselves and others, the best fruits of life’s labour for the minimum effort fruits of life’s labour for the minimum effort and maximum satisfaction”

The world ‘ERGONOMICS’ was coined from two Greek words ergon(work and nomos(R!le or "aw

DEFINITION:

!he international labour review in 1"#1 defined ergonomics as “!he application of the human biological science in con$unction with the engineering sciences to achieve the optimum mutual ad$ustment of man and his wor%, the benefits being measured in terms of human efficienc& and well being”

PRINCIPLES: Ergonomic Principles and the objectives are adaptation of the work to the worker and the worker to adopt to the work sitation! "t emphasis shold be given in design of improved work spots# work methods and e$ipment! %he benefits that can be e&pected from application of ergonomics in Indstr' are(

More efficient operation Feer accident !oer co"t of prod#ction Red#ced trainin$ ti%e Effecti&e deplo'%ent of per"onnel Red#ction in p('"ical "tre"" on orker"

PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION:

The human-body can endure considerable discomfort and stress and can still perform work in many awkward and unnatural positions and adverse conditions but for a limited period of time. To ease discomfort during  work to minimise fatigue and to improve efficiency of  workers, ergonomic principles are applied. The principles should suit to the man-machineenvironment system in any Industry.

AIM OF APP!ICATION To facilitate a person to do or! efficientl"# To ens$re t%at &ec%anical or! is done it% &ini&al $se of ener'" and &aterials it%o$t aste ca$sed d$e to &ista!es# To ens$re safet" and %ealt% of &an at or!# To de(elop !noled'e and tec%ni)$es t%at ill i&pro(e t%e tec%nolo'" f$rt%er#

S C ) P E : +an and +achine partnership! : It deals with seat design# work bench design# positioning of displa's# controls and materials! : Is concerned with ensring that the# heating# ventilation noise# vibration and so are appropriate to the re$irements of the hman operator!

: ,ispla' design deals with design of scales# pointers# letters# nmbers and the si3e positioning and groping of instrments! : ,eals with hors of work# rest porers# shift work# interpersonal relationship and organisational aspects of work! 0ll these designs can be aimed at particlar kinds of people engaged in particlar tasks in an' Indstr'!

.)R/ SP0CE 0RR0N-E+EN%

Avoidance of all stooping(bending) and unnatural body positions. Extended position of arms constantly either forward or side ward should be avoided. Always prefer sitting position at work. Avoid standing.  The arms should move together or in opposite direction.

Er$ono%ic A"pect of )and and *ri"t To $ra"p  c'lindricall' or "p(ericall' To pinc(  -' tip pre""#re, -' p#lp To (ook  pre""#re or -' lateral pre""#re

CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS Tenosynoritis De Quervain’s disease Trigger finger Tendinitis Tenis elo! Car"al Tunnel Syndro#e Raynaud’s Syndro#e S"a$e invaders !rist

ERGONOMIC ASPECT OF FOOT LOW BACK PAIN CONTROL

THROUGH

HUMAN

Straight Back Rule Bell Butt!" Rule S#i"gi"g Ar$ Rule Straight Ar$ Rule Straight Wri%t Rule Ee Rule Ski" Rule Thi"k Fir%t Rule N! Brai" Machi"e Rule

FACTORS

ENGINEERING

STRAIGHT BACK RULE 

Forces which come down the spine compresses the inter-vertebr! discs nd d"e to contin"o"s # repetitive s$"ee%in& the' cn r"pt"re nd b"!&e o"t prod"cin& severe pin(  This he!ps to desi&n methods to minimi%e the )orces on these discs(  To void s"ch )orces* one sho"!d "se pe!vic ti!t b' p"!!in& the stomch m"sc!es(  It co"!d be done with +eepin& the bc+ stri&ht nd bendin& the !e&s(  ,hen seted  s"pport )or the bc+ to +eep the m"sc!es w' )rom &ettin& )ti&"ed sho"!d be "sed(

E!!Y /TTON R/!E Lods tht re he!d* !i)ted or crried sho"!d be +ept ner the be!!' b"tton( ' The wei&ht o) . po"nds !od ne/t to the be!!' b"tton 0 bo"t 12 w' )rom spine 3 e/erts 45. 6o"nds where s when wei&ht is moved o"t 742 )rom the be!!' b"tton* it wo"!d be 4.2 w' )rom the spine nd the spine wi!! now be 8.. 6o"nds( ' There)ore* the wor+ p!ce nd methods sho"!d be desi&ned so tht wor+ re$"irin& the "se o) rms is c!ose to the be!!' b"tton( ' ,hen the rm is e/tended in per)ormin&  ts+ the m"sc!es o) the rm cnnot wor+ to the best o) their cpbi!it'(

S#INGING

$RM

R%"E

Methods and work 'laces sho!ld e designed to 'romote workers to !se nat!ral mo)ements and sho!ld not e forced to mo)e loads with hands or arms in a straight line* $ nat!ral swing of arms take ++ , less m!scle strain than mo)ing the arm in a straight line* -ositi)e ste's sho!ld e !sed to sto' load mo)ements rather than to !se m!scle 'ower*

STRAIG*T +RIST RULE   -o.s

re)$irin' repetiti(e p$s%in' or p$llin'/ t%$&. s%o$ld .e $sed in stead of an" of t%e &iddle fin'ers#   -o.s re)$irin' 'raspin' &o(e&ent for t%e %and s%o$ld .e desi'ned in s$c% a fas%ion/ so t%at t%ere is no .endin' of t%e rist %ile perfor&in' t%e 0o.#  Contin$o$s .endin' of rist can lead to t%e disorder li!e carpal t$nnel s"ndro&e#  So&e tools s$c% as %a&&ers/ pliers etc %a(e .een desi'ned it% a s$ita.le .end in t%eir %andles/ so t%at t%e" can .e $sed it% rist strai'%t#

EYE RULE +or! place .e so desi'ned t%at t%e or!ers can see all t%e t%in's to .e seen li!e 'a$'es/ control and &aterial etc# it%o$t $nd$e %ead &o(e&ent#

S1IN RULE T%e or! area s%o$ld .e free fro& o.str$ction and t%ere s%o$ld not .e a concentrated press$re on s&all s!in areas# +%ere e(er it is fo$nd t%at t%e or!ers $sed a tape or a clot% o(er t%e part of t%e &ac%ine %ile operatin' / it &eans t%at t%is place of &ac%ine is %$rtin' %i& .eca$se of t%e acc$&$lated press$re on a partic$lar part of t%e s!in# T%is needs i&&ediate attention to .e c%an'ed so t%at t%e or!s are it%o$t an" o.str$ction#

T%e T%in! First R$le *$&an tendenc" is to ta!e a s%ort2c$t or do so&e t%in' t%at is eas" rat%er t%an safe# T%is s%o$ld .e a(oided#

No 3rain Mac%ine R$le At t%e ti&e of desi'nin' 0o. or &ac%ines it s%o$ld .e ta!en into consideration t%at if t%e or!er did not t%in! %en %e 4 s%e perfor&ed t%e tas! co$ld %e4s%e 'et %$rt 5 If anser is "es/ necessar" c%an'e in desi'nin' is indicated# S$fficient statistics on t%e n$&.er of or!ers s$fferin' it% (ario$s disorder d$e to i&proper desi'nin' of t%e &ac%ines or t%e or! place are lac!in' .$t t%e lin!ed data clearl" indicate a.o$t t%e serio$sness of t%e sit$ation/ role of %$&an factors en'ineerin' in t%eir pre(ention#

CONCLUSION ERG9:9;ICS hs emer&ed o"t s n importnt brnch o) science in the ind"stri! wor!d( It hs  !imited pp!iction in ind"str' prtic"!r!' in the deve!opin& co"ntries( However in never ind"stries the er&onomic spects re considered )rom the desi&n st&e itse!)( ,hi!e p!nnin& )or wor+-spce* e$"ipment nd interior rrn&ements etc( The techno!o&ic! pro&ress wi!! increse its pp!iction in vrio"s )ie!ds in )"t"re on cco"nt o) hi&her thr"st &iven on prod"ction o) $"!it' &oods with !ess h"mn error( Since mn nd mchine re!tionship hve to be optimised in most o) the ind"stries* the er&onomic spect cnnot be !ost site o) n' more in comin& decde(