Apple Case Study

CASE STUDY STUDY OF APPLE INC.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MODULE DMG 5033

THENMOLEY THENMOLEY A/P R.RAMKUMAR  R.RAMKUMAR  MATRIC NO. 012017091649

MBA GRADUATE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT (GSM) MANAGEMENT & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY

December 2017

Executive Summary

The objective of this case study is to identify the strength, weakness, opportunity and treats that exist in the industrial environment that Apple Inc. operates in. Even though Apple Apple has be recog recogniz nized ed as marke markett leader leader in innova innovatio tion n of electr electroni onics cs device devicess it cons consta tant ntly ly has has been been chal challe leng nged ed by its its comp compet etit itor orss espe especi cial ally ly Sams Samsun ung. g. Th Thee competition has grown stronger in recent years that it had affected the sales of Apple and its products. For instance Apple was pioneer in iPhone mobile services with its recently launched enhanced iPhone 8 and 8puls. However this has been challenged with the emergence of Samsung Galaxy S8 which operated with Android services with with almost almost half half of Apple Apple’’s iPhone iPhone 8 local local marke markett sellin selling g price. price. Beside Beside Apple’ Apple’ss competition from rival, the company is also faced with challenges of bad reputation due due to its its supp suppli lier erss nonnon-co comp mpli lian ance ce of work work ethi ethics cs agai agains nstt its its empl employ oyee ees, s, IP infringe infringement ment of its products products,, tax scandals scandals,, high cost of legal legal suits, suits, unrecove unrecoverabl rablee court awards, incompetent iOS system that pushes customers to switch hand phone are the many types of threats that Apple endured last few years. The researcher in her  attempt to this case study analyzed all the factors that contributed to Apple’s growth  by conducting SWOT & PESTEL analysis, IFE & EFE evaluation, CPM CP M comparison (Level 1) and IE Matrix, Grand Strategy Matrix, BCG Matrix (Level 2) and finally conclu conclude ded d with with QSPM QSPM (Leve (Levell 3) in order order to formu formula late te analyt analytica icall frame framewor work k to recommend strategies for future planning. Notwithstanding it was found Apple Inc.’s internal and external positioning is positively vibrant based on its ratings (IFE - 2.97) and (EFE - 3.04) hence it is noted that the company has strong internal and external  position in place to meet or exceed the industrial demand and expectation. In addition the CPM matrix depicts Apple’s score is at 3.5 compared to 2.5 - Samsung and 2.2 for Lenovo respectively. In a nutshell eventhough Apple’s performance is better than its competitors, the company should device few integrative and intensive strategies to address the threats and weakness that it recently faced with. At the end of this report the researcher had proposed few recommendations with justifications on how and what what need need to be addres addressed sed by Apple Apple lawma lawmaker kerss and stakeh stakehold olders ers to strate strategie giess themselves to face its rivals competition in their pursuit to “stay ahead” and perserve their “crown jewel”.

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Table of Content

Executive Summary Table of Contents

2 3

Chap Chapte terr 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Intr Introd oduc ucti tion on Introduction to Case Study Problem Statement Research Question Objective of Study Scope of Study

4 4 5 5 5

Chapte Chapterr 2 2.1 2.2

Metho Methodolo dology gy and Past Past Findin Findings gs Research Methodology Theoretical Framework

6 6

Chap Chapte terr 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12

Analy Analysi siss of Stud Study y About Apple Inc. Highlights of Main Issues Analysis of Apple Inc. SWOT Analysis of Apple Inc. PESTEL Analysis of Ap Apple Inc. IFE of Apple Inc. EFE of Apple Inc. CPM for Apple Inc. IE Matrix for Apple Inc. Grand Strategy Matrix BCG Matric QSPM Matrix

7 8 9 9 12 19 20 21 21 22 23 24

Chapte Chapterr 4 4.1 4.2 4.3

Conclu Conclusio sion n and Recomm Recommenda endatio tion n Interpretation of Analysis Conclusion Recommendation

25 26 28

Reference

29

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to Case Study

The new landscape of business today is faced with a turbulent environment which is dynamic and competitive. Firms of 21 st century are now faced with more challenges than ever before as a result of hyper competition, technological revolution and globalization. Business owners and strategist are at pain in finding a perfect solutions to keep their organization relevant to customer needs. Therefore, the need for firms to develop strategies that would foster competitive advantages and sustainability over  rival firms are crucial. In present competitive and dynamic business environment,  possessing or acquiring new technologies through research and development has  become the fundamental objective to corporations like Apple Inc. Strategy is no longer just a broad vision but a particular configuration of activities Apple adopts compared to its rival. In analyzing its potential business opportunities and sources of  competitive advantages within Apple Inc. the method researcher applied are SWOT analysis analysis to identify its Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and PESTEL analysis to identify the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) that contributed to Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) to compare Apple’s positioning against its major competitors.

1.2 Problem Statement Apple Inc. is faced with intense competition from its rival like Samsung, Lenovo, Google Android and therefore there is a need to develop strategies that will give Apple the competitive advantages. VCA better known as value chain analysis is one such strategic tool that can be used to analyze resources within an organization relative to competitors to attain competitive advantage. In this case study the researcher at first attempt to analyze Apple’s Internal Factor Evaluation(IFE) through SWOT analysis to determine its Strength and Weakness.

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Secondly, the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) was conducted through PESTEL analysis to determine its external Opportunities and Threats. At final stage the CPM is created to identify Apple major competitors and their particular strength and weakness in relation to its competitors strategic position.

1.3 Research Question This case analysis sought to determine how IFE,EFE,CPM, SWOT and PESTEL analysis can be adopted to determine the types of strategies that can be adopted to  provide better effects on competitive advantages at Apple Inc. to outperform its competitors.

1.4 Objective of Study This report sought to propose 3 years strategic plan to be adopted by Apple Inc. that will enable it to continue to compete with its rivals like Samsung, Lenovo and Google Android.

1.5 Scope of Study It is hoped this study will help Apple Inc. management and stakeholders in the manufacturing and service industries to make decision on the applications and trade-off of the value chain within their activities to create competitive advantages. The policy makers have in-depth knowledge to enable them to create favorable strategies for the growth and sustainability of Apple Inc.

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CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY AND PAST FINDINGS

2.1 Research Methodology Two approaches to this case analysis are quantitative and qualitative research. Three methods applied in this research are exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. Sources for information include secondary data collected from journals, book, study draws materials, previous research from universities and website that are closely related to this case study. The sources of data includes both primary and secondary which was obtained from the Apple Inc. records and achieve files. Types of information include qualitative and quantitative data obtained through research from internet and Apple’s  public information centers or library.

2.2 Theoretical Framework  SWOT analysis is the most popular tool used in Strategic Planning and Organizational Problem Solving. Haberberg (2000) notes that Harvard Business School academics used the concept of SWOT analysis in the 1960s. SWOT is used widely to gain insight into a firm’s internal system, position and developing a “bottom-top” / “top-bottom” shared vision for an organization by providing input for  the development of strategic plans.

On the other hand PESTEL analysis framework is used to support the identification of political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental issues. This PESTEL analysis has been feed into SWOT analysis to help determine the threats and opportunities represented by macro environment forces that Apple Inc. may / may not have control over.

Zimmerer, Scarborough & Wilson (2008) define CPM as a tool which helps the companies to assess themselves against their competitors using the critical success factors for that industry. In this instance, Apple will be assessed against Samsung and Lenovo as they are the immediate rivals to Apple Inc.

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CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS OF STUDY

3.1 Apple Inc. Apple Inc. began its humble beginning by designing and selling personal computers, consumer electronics and computer software. The iPod, iPad, Macintosh range of   personal computers and iPhone’s are among the company’s popular products. There are also a number of software Apple produces such as iTune, media browser, video and music production known as Final cut studio, Mac X operating system,  professional photography software known as Aperture, music production called Logic studio, among others. Apple also known globally as third biggest handset production company. The corporation is the largest information technology company in terms of  its revenue. Established in 14 states with over 400 retail stores as it also has online stores for music and software application for its devices. With market capitalization of US547.20 billion as of May 2014, the corporation is the biggest publicly traded company in the world as reported by Reuters in 2014. Apple’s success is due to its dynamic and constant evolving business strategic plans that it undertook. Apple’s management ability to change the company’s business plan has resulted in the introduction of many different products. Beginning with Final Cut Pro release, Apple went on to experiment with music players (mp3), iPhones and iPads.

In addition, Apple has few information technology companies that have created their  own retail shops that proved to be a big turning point for the corporation. This initiative of establishing its own retail outlets was commenced when Apple realized that conventional retail outlets are not providing the deserved returns. This move has given Apple the needed push in succeeding in the mobile industry. Beside this, Apple has established businesses in many parts of Africa, and Asia. This has consequently created new employment opportunities for developers of iPhone application in those continents. Additionally, the corporation has hired individuals from diverse fields, for  instance employed artists, historians, musicians among others which enabled the company to acquire an unique and different perspective from such individuals. In 2014, Apple ventured into different areas in order to spur growth.

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For instance, it has taken initiatives to cash on a number of different services through  buying other companies. The acquisition of these smaller companies is meant to avail relevant technologies necessary for Apple to venture into areas of its interest. Apple acquisition of PrimeSense in 2013 resulted in its working on a 3 dimension based  products. Further, the company has continued to increase its presence in Asia, in 2014.

Apple made an agreement with China Mobile, one of the biggest mobile carriers in the world. The firm has also join ventured with a number of high profile retail store chains for service of mobile payment. A mobile payment solution that Apple branded directly integrates into the company’s iOS devices, allowing individuals to utilize their iPhone smart phones or other devices in making purchases for physical goods  both on retail stores as well as on the web. iTunes customers can currently utilize their accounts to purchase items on Apple stores and iTunes, Apple expanded this feature to third party retailers. This new initiative with retailers aims to solve the  problems behind creating a unified service of payment to be utilized with several retail outlets. The company is also encouraging the adoption of its Bluetooth based iBeacons for retailers with the intention of utilizing it as part of the payment service.

3.2 Highlight of main issues

The intention of the this case study is to analyze the strategy applied by Apple Inc, and propose three year strategic plan for the company based on the findings of this case study analysis. Although Apple Inc has remained highly successful, it has continued to face stiff competition from rival technology companies like Lenovo and Samsung. Some of the main problems the company faces include a declining in its market share, weakening of its brand name and business image and increased competition from other information technology companies. Consistent with the strategic plan, the company will be able to grow and succeed for the next three years if it intensifies on corporate social responsibility, expanding its operations to developing nations, ensures product customization and ventures into the developing nations markets in order to boost its sales revenue.

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3.3 Analysis for Apple Inc.

This case study is conducted to assess Apple’s high performance linked to the external and internal factors. This study reveals the macro and  micro environmental factors that this corporation must consider to continue with its success. For the  purpose of this study, the data is collected from various published sources and different case studies conducted on Apple. Two methods of analysis have been used to review Apple’s business framework. SWOT analysis and internal value chain analysis and PESTLE to evaluate the factors that affect the company externally.

3.4 SWOT Analysis of Apple Inc.

Strengths

i.

Leading innovators among electronics brands

ii.

Terrific sales growth with each passing year

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Sales Revenue

108.6

155.97

170.87

183.24

231.28

214.23

Cost of Good Sold

64.08

87.92

107.24

112.55

142.26

131.51

Gross Income

44.52

68.06

63.63

70.69

89.03

82.72

 Nett Income

25.92

41.73

37.04

39.51

53.39

45.68

Table 3.1 - Annual Financial Report of Apple Inc. Fiscal Year October – September, all values are given in USD Billion

iii. High brand recognition iv. Strong and effective marketing team v.

High-quality customer experience

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Weaknesses i.

High price

Apple IOS11/4G iPhone 8, 8Plus

Cost

£892/$1200

Samsung Galaxy S8 with 64GB micro SD cared

Cost

£482/$648

Table 3.2 Comparative price for Apple iPhone and Samsung Android Phone

ii.

Unsuccessful anticipation

iii. Incompatibility of different OS iv. Apple iPhone market shares are declining due to defect in its new product v.

Over dependence on iPad and iPhone

Opportunities i.

High demand of products

ii.

Growth in communication devices market Period

Apple

2012 Q2

 

16.6%

2013 Q2

 

12.9%

2014 Q2

 

11.6%

2015 Q2

 

13.9%

2016 Q2

 

11.7%

Table 3.2 - Worldwide SmartPhone Market Share of Apple

iii. A vast unexplored market in Commonwealth countries iv. Increased Cloud-based services

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Threats i.

The evolving environment of electronic communication

ii.

Reputation damage due to tax scandal

iii. Infringement of intellectual property (IP) rights iv. Android OS growth

Operating System

2015 Units

2015 Market Share (%)

2016 Units

2016 Market Share (%)

Android

271,010

68.5

243,484

75.6

iOS

48,086

20.2

35,345

18.9

Windows

8,198

9.9

8,9095

4.9

1,229.0

1.4

1,416.8

0.6

Others

Table 3.3 - Worldwide Smartphone Sales to End Users by Operating System in 2015 (Thousands of Units)

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3.5 PESTLE Analysis of Apple Inc.

Political factors

Major sales contribution to Apple Inc. comes from outside US amounting to more than $113.8 billion whereas the revenue from the home country is $68.8 billion. So any political insurgence in these countries can affect Apple’s position negatively.

i.

Suicide cases against Apple’s biggest Taiwanese supplier

Apple underwent a political pressure as suicides cases were registered against one of  the biggest Apple’s supplier, Foxconn (a Taiwanese company). In May 2010, suicide cases were filed against Foxcoon holding it responsible for forcing employees to work for long hours. Two of their workers committed suicide. In another incident, 16 others were injured in an explosion in one of Apple’s supplier facilities.

ii.

Political unrest in China

Apple is immensely dependent on the lower labor cost from China. But the unsettled  political environment in China disrupts its manufacturing now and then. As a result, the manufacturing costs increases. Additionally, there is also an imposed restriction on Chinese imports in US in order to enhance the manufacturing in America. The  political bonds with the Chinese government have immensely affected this US-based company. If the company tries to find an alternative for China, it will cost Apple more and this will lead to increased in prices for Apple products. Due to growing nationalism in China, Apple could become a potential target for anti-Americanism in China resulting in reduced market share.

iii. Chances of terrorist attack 

Despite the fact that United Kingdom boasts a stable government, there is always a risk of terrorist attacks. It can leave a negative impact on the company. The current  political challenges in UK and US that Apple might counter may increase the tensions in the ruling coalition and sagging government popularity.

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iv. Ban on Tim Cook in Russia

A lawmaker in Russia, who is noted for his harsh approach towards gay propaganda, has made a suggestion to ban Apple CEO Tim Cook from visiting Russia due to his  public acknowledgment of his homosexuality in October 2015.

Economic factors

Recessions and economic crises can affect the company’s revenues negatively to a greater extent compared to other businesses due to the choice of premium pricing  policies.

i.

Impact of global recession

At the time of global recession, Apple had witnessed slow economic growth in 2013 and 2014. Apple has been affected by global recession immensely.

Country

2011 – 2012

2012-2013

50%

9%

Europe

31%

4%

China

78%

13%

US

 

Table 3.4 - The decrease in sales growth due to global recession.

ii.

Europe’s economic difficulties

A change in European economy has directly affected Apple Inc. which has resulted in decreased revenue by 16% in the third quarter of 2012 compared to the same period in the previous year (2011).

iii. Increased rate of inflation in US

At the time of increased rate of inflation in US, Apple was affected as it reserved a large amount of cash. However, hedge fund billionaire David Einhorn sued the company to force payments of dividends of $137 billion. The cash was used to dole out the dividend.

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iv. Increasing labor cost in China

China was known to be the hub of the manufacturing factories for Apple, but now the labor cost in China is rising. The Chinese government decides the minimum wages in China. It varies from region to region with benefits including housing, food and overtime pay. But official figures released by Trading Economies reflected that wages in some areas of Northern Hebei Province increased by 22% last year, while southern Gaungdong city recorded increment of 5%-17% in wage. The increased labor cost is directly affecting the cost of Apple products. Notwithstanding, if Apple Inc. decides for other alternative, it will be an expensive decision to shift its operation else where.

v.

Rising value of US dollar

Due to the rising value of US dollar, the exchange rates are increasing. The increased exchange rates directly affect the cost of Apple products. The difference of between the US dollar and other currencies like Euro and Yuan makes it more expensive for  Apple to do business in key markets such as Europe and China. Apple’s revenue could have been 800 points higher. In other words, Apple would report revenue of  $52.8 billion if there is no increase in value of dollars, but it reported acquiring revenue of $49.6 in 2015.

Social factors

Globalization, has increased the usage of the virtual world and the current lifestyle are the few factors that leave an enormous impact on Apple.

i.

An accessory of high-status lifestyle

Apple is one of the leading company in the world. It is all about brand, it is the name that people around the world want to carry. This has nothing to do with iPhone and iMac. The uniqueness, innovation in design, simple marketing of the products and high price of the products makes Apple products more desirable to its consumers. It is gradually became a symbol of social status mainly because of its extremely high  prices that only who are higher in class can afford it.

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ii.

Potential market place in third world country

Apple can see growth in consumer spending in the coming decades in third world and Asia countries like Africa and India where people are not aware of Apple products. The company can penetrate the unexplored market and can harbor new possibilities of acquiring revenues.

iii. Moral factors of manufacturing in China

Many would not consider this brand based on the social-conscious ground because it is farming out its manufacturing operations in China, whereas the company can create some job opportunities in the home country. It is choosing China for its low-cost labor factor. This could limit the product’s appeal to some extent. iv. Brand acquisition in many countries

In order to satisfy and fulfill customer’s needs, Apple brand has been making some acquisitions such as Embark Prime Sense and Topsy and alliances with Sony, Motorola, Philips, and AT&T. The social background of different brands plays a vital role in this Apple’s operations.

Technological factors

The stakes of  information technology  stays higher compared to other industries when it comes to earning revenues. The companies who innovated with time, earned well and Apple Inc. is no doubt one of them.

i.

The advantage of 760 China Mobile Subscriber

In 2013, Apple unveiled a deal with China Mobile to bring iPhone to customers in a market dominated by low-cost android smartphones. The deal gave Apple a bigger entry to the Chinese market and China Mobile’s 760 subscribers. Under the agreement Apple products iPhone 5, iPhone 5S are available at China Mobile and Apple retail stores in China.

ii.

Assessing the consumer’s minds

In 2015, Apple reportedly spent $8.07 billion for R&D that accounted for about 3% of the company’s net sales. These researches are conducted in order to assess the customer mind-set considering the short product life cycle of the industry.

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iii. Preferences to screen size

Apple is known for its stunning concept design. It has created some of the finest and most attractive contemplating designs that cannot be match with other brands such as Samsung, Nokia or Lenovo. But gradually consumers are giving preferences to larger  screens. Whereas, Apple’s last product iPhone 6 has only 4.7” display, and iPhone 6 Plus has 5.5” screen size.

iv. Competitors offering the same

Apple’s direct competitors Samsung and Google are now offering the products and services that were once Apple’s signature product. It took Google less than a year to  build payment app Google Pay just like Apple Pay so it is no more a unique product of Apple. Apple’s competitors showed the ability to replicate its products and services that can threaten Apple’s brand as a whole.

v.

Limited market for new products

The number of consumer products Apple can launch is limited. Moreover, these consumer products like Apple TV has a very restricted customer base.

vi. The growing menace of   cyber crimes

The increasing number of cyber crimes makes Apple systems vulnerable and less secure for consumers. It actually takes away the most competitive advantage which is a high reputation for security and safety.

Legal factors

The company operates globally which makes it vulnerable to many legal factors and litigation in across boarders.

i.

Domestic legal stress

Apple is going under a legal stress in its homeland, America. As in previous year, the company restored the imports of some of its parts used in iPhone that was earlier   banned by US government.

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ii.

Offering financial services   by Apple Pay

Apple has introduced financial services through Apple Pay. It recently entered the highly regulated financial sector that could lead to increased level of regulation. Apple may face increased level of litigation for offering financial services.

iii. Breach of IP laws

Apple produces a variety of brands that are covered by intellectual property laws such as software and music. Software produced by apple consumes a big part of its income that makes the company vulnerable to both piracy and litigation.

iv. Entering automobile industry

Apple is making all preparation to enter automobile industry and pushing its team to  begin production of electric vehicles as soon as 2020. This multinational company has invested $6.04 billion in R&D past years, and CEO Tim Cook is facing immense  pressure to return the money to its shareholders. A lawsuit filed against Apple Inc. says, ‘Apple has started the campaign of hiring best minds for battery making, despite the company who is starting from scratch needs more than 10 years to launch its products. Apple is planning to launch its electric vehicle by 2020’.

Environmental factors

Various environmental factors like disposal can influence Apple’s revenues and  brands.

i.

Disposal of used or non-working electronic devices

Apple is countering a massive problem of discarding the electronic junk that is used or disposal items. The company is facing a huge problem of discarding the electronics that has lithium batteries in it. It would cost the company some huge expenses. Apple is forced to incur the expenses associated with the environmental factor.

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ii.

Pollution concern in China

The manufacturing facilities in China are growing concern for Apple because of the  pollution and environmental side effects. To minimize the environmental issues in the facilities, Apple has to fork out more money and this leads to huge expenses.

iii. Attempt to cut greenhouse effect increases cost in China

China has taken the initiative to reduce   greenhouse gasses   and limit the fossil fuel use. This attempt of China could increase the electricity rates in the country. As a result, it could potentially raise the manufacturing costs for Apple.

iv. Global warming

Due to increasing rate of global warming, Apple could face the problem of  transoceanic shipping that is the core part of Apple chain supply.

v.

Increased electricity costs

Apple is vulnerable to increased rates of electricity because of its dependence on data centers and other internet infrastructure. The company has to shell out more expenses in its manufacturing facilities.

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3.6

IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation) of Apple Inc.

Key Internal Factors

Weight

Rating

Weight Score

1. Leading innovator

0.15

4

0.6

2. Constant sales growth

0.10

4

0.4

3. Brand recognition

0.07

3

0.21

4. Effective marketing

0.10

4

0.4

5. Strong management team

0.05

4

0.2

6. Cloud based services

0.03

3

0.09

7. Quality customer service

0.02

3

0.06

8. Hardware & software creator

0.05

3

0.15

9. Life style fulfillment

0.05

3

0.15

10. New technology application

0.06

4

0.24

1. High price

0.03

2

0.06

2. Unsuccessful anticipation

0.03

2

0.06

3. Incompatibility OS

0.05

2

0.1

4. Declining market shares

0.03

1

0.03

5. Competitors treats

0.02

1

0.02

6. New Product Defect

0.12

1

0.12

7. iPad & iPhone over dependence

0.02

2

0.04

8. Higher spending in R&D

0.02

2

0.04

Total

1.00

Strengths

Weakness

2.97

Table 3.6 - IFE of Apple Inc. The IFE Matrix result of 2.97 suggests that Apple is responding above average to the internal environment for maximising its strengths and to overcome weakness.

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3.7

EFE (External Factor Evaluation) of Apple Inc. Key Internal Factors

Weight

Rating

Weight Score

1. Higher demand for product in growing country

0.1

4

0.4

2. Growth in market

0.1

4

0.4

3. Unexplored market

0.08

4

0.32

4. Cloud based services

0.1

4

0.4

5. Constant R&D

0.2

4

0.4

6. Leader in electronic industry

0.2

4

0.8

1. Evolving electronic communication

0.1

2

0.2

2. Damage to image

0.0

2

0.0

3. Infringement of IP rights

0.0

2

0.0

4. Growing Android

0.1

1

0.1

5. Competitors treats

0.01

1

0.01

6. Legal Suits

0.01

1

0.01

Total

1.00

Opportunities

Treats

3.04

Table 3.7 - EFE of Apple Inc The EFE Matrix result of 3.04 suggests that Apple is responding above average to the environment for exploiting opportunities and to overcome threats.

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3.8 CPM for Apple Inc.

Critical Success Factor  Marketing Strategy Product Quality Price Competitiveness Management Financial Position Customer Loyalty Global Expansion Market Share Total

Apple Rating

Weight 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.05 1.00

1 4 3 4 4 4 4 1

Score 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.80 0.05 3.15

Samsung Rating Score 4 0.80 3 0.30 2 0.20 3 0.20 2 0.30 3 0.30 1 0.20 4 0.20 2.50

Lenovo Rating Score 3 0.60 2 0.20 1 0.10 1 0.10 3 0.45 2 0.20 2 0.40 3 0.15 2.20

Table 3.8 - Competitive Profile Matrix

3.9 IE Matrix of Apple Inc. THE IFE TOTAL WEIGHTED SCORE

    D     E     T     H     G     I     E     W     L     A     T     O     T     E     F     E     E     H     T

2.0

3.0

4.0

1.0

3.0

2.0

1.0 Figure 3.9 - IFE Matrix

This is the best region for divisions, given their high IFE and EFE scores. The region that Apple fall under can be described as grow and build, hence the strategy proposed would be grow and build. Intensive market penetration, market development and  product development or integrative (backward integration, forward integration and horizontal intergration are strategies can be most appropriate for these division. Firm

Revenue 2017

IFE Score

EFE Score

Apple Inc.

$269 Billion in cash

2.97

3.04

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3.10 Grand Strategy Matrix for Apple Inc.

Figure 3.10 - Grand Strategy Matrix Based on above Grand Strategy Matrix, Apple lies under quadrat II which is slow market growth. For this, Apple should adopt market development strategies and to hold its existing market share in other markets, it should adopt market penetration and product development strategies. Some competitive mergers can be very helpful in establishing the business in the Asian market by using horizontal integration strategy. Apple is no way at the position of adopting divestiture and liquidation strategies.

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3.11 BCG Matrix of Apple Inc.

Figure 3.11 Boston Consulting Group Matrix for Apple’s products The above figure is the  BCG matrix of   product portfolio  of Apple divided into four   parts. 1. The  Cash cows are products  which are existing since ages and which cannot  be challenged in the current market conditions and have a majority market share when the global data is referred – These are Macintosh, Iphone, Iwatch (50% market share in 2015) and Itunes (a solid support service to all Apple  products) 2.   The Stars  are Ipad and Ibooks where there is a lot of competition and Apple has to invest a lot to keep these businesses on top. 3. The question mark   is Apple TV which has low market share in an industry which is showing great potential and might grow at a rapid pace in the future. 4.   The dog   is Ipod because although it has a high market share, the industry itself is rapidly degrowing because Smartphones have replaced Ipods.

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3.12 The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix

Key Factors

Weight

Strategy 1 Integrative Strategy

Strategy 2 Intensive Strategy

Horizontal, Forward & Backward Intergration thru Strategic Alliance

Market Penetration Market & Product Development thru R&D

AS

TAS

AS

TAS

Opportunities

1. Higher demand for product in growing country

0.1

4

0.4

4

0.8

2. Growth in market 3. Unexplored market 4. Cloud based services 5. Constant R&D 6. Leader in electronic industry

0.1 0.08 0.1 0.2 0.2

3

0.3

4

0.40

4

0.32

4

0.32

4

0.4

3

0.30

4

0.8

4

0.8

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.01 0.01

3

0.3

4

0.6

 

3

0

2

0.16

 

3

0

2

0.18

 

3

0.3

-

-

4

0.04

 

2

0.02

-

-

 

4

0.6

4

0.6

 

4

0.4

4

0.4

4

0.28

4

0.28

3

0.3

-

-

Threats

1. Evolving electronic communication 2. Damage to image 3. Infringement of IP rights 4. Growing Android 5. Competitors treats 6. Legal Suits Total

1.0

Strength

1. Leading innovator 2. Constant sales growth 3. Brand recognition 4. Effective marketing 5. Strong management team 6. Cloud based services 7. Quality customer service 8. Hardware & software creator 9. Life style fulfillment 10. New technology application

0.15 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.06

   

4

0.2

-

-

 

4

0.12

-

-

 

4

0.08

-

-

 

4

0.2

-

-

 

3

0.15

4

0.2

4

0.24

4

0.24

4

0.12

1

0.03

2

0.06

2

0.06

3

0.15

3

0.15

Weakness

1. High price 2. Unsuccessful anticipation 3. Incompatibility OS 4. Declining market shares 5. Competitors treats 6. New Product Defect 7. iPad & iPhone over dependence 8. Higher spending in R&D

0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.12 0.02 0.02

Grand Total (STAS)

 

3

0.09

4

0.12

3

0.06

-

-

2

0.24

3

0.36

2

0.04

4

0.08

4

0.08

4

0.08

1.0

Table 3.12 - QSPM for Apple Inc.

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7.09

5.36

CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 Interpretation of Analysis

After assessing all the factors in SWOT,PESTEL,IFE,EFE and CPM analysis, it can  be seen that Apple has more opportunities and strengths compared to threats and weaknesses. Given the company’s current leadership in the industry, Apple is in a  position to enjoy these opportunities. But the company should devise few strategies to address effectively the threats and weaknesses that it recently developed or has chances of developing.

On the basis of PESTLE analysis, Apple should be able to thrive in electronic device industry in the next three years in spite of the challenges because it demonstrates an impressive ability to adopt to a challenging environment. The uniqueness in its design gives the company a competitive advantage which reflects in their sales and revenues. Below is the report by John Voorhees, MacStories on Nov 3, 2017 - Apple Q4 2017 Results: $52.6 Billion revenue generated through 46.7 Million in iPhones sales and 10.3 Million in iPads sold.

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Notes from the Earnings Call 

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    

iPhone 8 and 8Plus are 2 most popular iPhone models since its launch in Q4, 2017. Services are the size of a Fortune 100 company. Highest Mac revenue in history. Over 50% unit growth for Apple Watch for third straight quarter. Chicago's Michigan Avenue store is the first store that brings together Apple's vision for Apple retail. Revenue in China up 12% year-over-year  iPhones up 3% over last year with many markets in double digits. Apple Pay transactions are up 300% Apple Music subscriptions are up 75% with increasing conversions from free to paid. Mac sales driven by MacBook Pro. iPad unit and revenue growth are up world-wide. Quarter ended with $269 billion in cash. iPhone, iPad, and Mac market share increased during 4 th quarter in China. Tim Cook is excited about AR because it amplifies human performance instead of isolation and it's mainstream.

As can be seen above, Apple continues to create a very strong overall marketing strategy for its new products such as iPhone 8, 8Plus, Apple Watch, MacBook Pro and Apple Pay. The company’s CEO is now excited with his new invention and mission to India such as Apple Maps, Apple AR improved kit with 4G connectivity with the rise of Reliance Jio which anticipate to create 7,500,000 iOS developers

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ecosystem-related jobs in India. Tim Cook pointed out that Apple is intrigued by the concept of ‘sharing economy’ with companies in transportation and accommodation in India. Another important aspect Tim Cook emphasized was that Apple is working to improve localization with its upcoming iOS 11. These efforts includes the addition of Hindi to the operating system along with the introduction of Cricket to its Siri.

This has proven Apple is able to develop a unique product which is tech savvy that consumers are interested with in a combination of smart phone-music player and make those customers aware of their product through well managed marketing efforts and strong publicity. In addition to satisfying consumers with great product, Apple  built a powerful partnership through alliances with other giant companies and conferred benefits to overseas suppliers of parts and manufacturers. All of these efforts boosted Apple’s stock price considerably and further solidified Apple’s image as a leader in consumer electronic gadgetry.

4.2 Conclusion

Ideologically as seen in the findings above, we can summarize that Apple Inc. is an operating system and user interface company first, hardware company second. Apple hardware is simply a vehicle for delivering its other creations like user interfaces, apps and services. Together these components forms a power rich cross platform experiences that allow Apple users to keep their myriad devices in sync and up to date while meeting and exceeding the lifestyle of the upper class.

4.3 Recommendations After reviewing the above analysis, it is clear that Apple has strengths in its capabilities and resources. It also has a highly talented design teams, many patents, gifted design engineers and an innovation driven approach.

Conversely, the company operates within an industry subject to rapid changes as key competitors are constantly introducing new and innovative products that integrate new designs and technology. In order for Apple to grow and compete effectively in the next three years, the following strategies based on the key findings of the analysis

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must be included and implemented in its strategic plan. Some of the areas in the analysis that must be addressed include  Apple’s competitors, infringement of its IP, decreasing market share and the company’s weakening reputation and image due to legal suits and tarnishing publicity.

In order to combat competition, Apple must start   customizing its products. Consumers often buy products that appear to match their wants and needs (Bensoussan & Fleisher, 2012). The most effective means of satisfying a customer  need is by allowing customers to come up with their own product based on their  needs. Through Apple online store, Apple can provide such services where consumers decide on the specifications of their products, for instance, their desired size of hard disk for their devices, color and specific applications to be installed on their devices. Dell and Hewlett Packard companies have adopted similar strategies for their devices and the idea has been highly successful. Beside customizing its products Apple should  emphasis to its patent rights  for all its innovation on productes and services. This can establish a blueprint and gives way to  Apple’s intellectual property rights.

Decreasing market share is another problem that Apple is facing. As noted, Apple has more than 400 retail stores in 14 states. However, many of these stores are situated in developed nations with the largest proportion of these stores being in the US (Apple Inc, 2014). There is a great need for Apple to  establish retail stores in developing and middle-income countries  in order to sustain its sales and ensure its market share

does not further deteriorate. Samsung mobile company which is among the main competitors for Apple in both tablets and smart phones market currently has established a number of retail stores in developing and developed states. This strategy has assisted the Apple competitor in becoming the largest mobile seller. In addition, this strategy has also assisted Samsung in enhancing its position as the leading smart  phone seller in developing countries, as the sales of Samsung’s Galaxy smart phones have outstripped Apple’s smart phones by around 10 million units in 2014.

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With regard to strengthening its brand name and improving its reputation and image, Apple should   intensify on corporate social responsibility.   Corporate social responsibility are measures adopted by organizations in order to decrease their  adverse impact on the environment and to ensure stakeholder needs are met while contributing to the improvement of a positive image and a strong brand for the company (Charles, 2012). Although Apple already has existing schemes of corporate social responsibility in place, there is need for the corporation to become more involved in CSR.

Some of the activities that the company can get involved in

include building of schools in developing states, developing cheaper Apple Mac computer models for schools in poor states and donating unsold stocks to developing countries learning institutions.

The successful implementation of the above strategic plan will be evaluated by  primarily monitoring progress or advancement against the main priorities in the plan. This strategic plan will be successful if Apple sales volumes and revenues improve as a result of establishment of retail shops in developing and middle-income countries. Further, the improvement of Apple image and strengthening of the brand name will indicate that Apple corporate social responsibility initiatives are successful, additionally the number of projects established under its CSR initiatives will also be utilized in gauging this success.

Finally, this strategic plans has to enhance the position of Apple in the tablet and smart phones market, the achievement of this will be measured by comparing its sales volumes against its main competitor like Samsung. The leadership of Apple devices especially in developing countries will indicate the success of this strategic plan.

So it can be said that Apple will continue to be the leader in the electronic industry in 3 years to come if the above strategic plans are adopted by Apple Inc.

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