Apostila Jato de Plasma - Isabel Brialles

 

 

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G gjdat`vg hassa oursg à afs`fmr ha lmfa`rm ocmrm a gjdat`vm prgtgogcgs ogl Dmtg ha ^cmslm, vgoä mprafharí tàof`oms ha raduvafaso`laftg, trmtmlaftgs pmrm lmroms fm paca, aftra gutrgs.

Au, @smjac Jr`mcas  egrlmhm m lm`s ha :> mfgs al astàt`om a ogslatgcgb`m, kí => mfgs l`f`strmfhg oursgs fm íram, tàof`om hm

U`tmHarl,

sgu

oglpcatmlafta

mpm`xgfmhm pacm mrta ha ou`hmr hm mutgast`lm hms passgms a quarg pmssmr ul pguog hm l`fkm axpar`äfo`m pmrm vgoäs.

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Ìfh`oa =. M =. M ^aca  ‟ ^íb`fm 8 :. Astuhgs :. Astuhgs L`orgj`gcÿb`ogs - ‟ - ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm ; ?. Hgafâms ?. Hgafâms hm ^aca a Mctarmâñas outêfams ‟ outêfams  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm 0 8. X`pgs 8. X`pgs ha ^aca ‟ ^aca  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm :8 1. Egtgt`pg 1. Egtgt`pg hm paca ‟ paca  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm :1 5. Mprasaftmâïg 5. Mprasaftmâïg ^rge`ss`gfmc ‟ ^rge`ss`gfmc  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm :5 2. J`gssaburmfâm 2. J`gssaburmfâm a U`b`cêfo`m _mf`tír`m ‟ _mf`tír`m  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm :2 ;. Mtafh`laftg ;. Mtafh`laftg mg oc`afta  ‟ ^íb`fm :0 0. Hgoulaftmâïg 0. Hgoulaftmâïg egtgbríe`om ‟ egtgbríe`om  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm ?> =>. Dmtg =>.  Dmtg ha ^cmslm ‟ ^cmslm  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm ?> =>.= ^rgtgogcg =>.=  ^rgtgogcg barmc ha mtafh`laftg ‟ mtafh`laftg  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm ?8 =>.=.= Hasp`blaftmâïg =>.=.=  Hasp`blaftmâïg ha ^rgoah`laftgs @fhasadmhgs ‟ @fhasadmhgs  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm ?1 =>.=.: Ecmo`haz =>.=.:  Ecmo`haz Emo`mc ‟ Emo`mc  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm ?1 =>.=.? [mftacmslm, =>.=.?  [mftacmslm, Uarrubms a Lmfokms _af`s ‟ _af`s  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm ?5 =>.=.8 Jcaemrgpcmst`m =>.=.8  Jcaemrgpcmst`m sal ogrta ‟ ogrta  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm ?5 =>.=.1 Astr`ms =>.=.1  Astr`ms jrmfoms ‟ jrmfoms  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm ?2 ==. Xmjacm ==.  Xmjacm ha _ubastïg ha Umcgras ‟ Umcgras  ‟ ^íb`fm  ^íb`fm ?;

 Mfaxgs E`okm ha Mfmlfasa E`okm ha Mtafh`laftg

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=.M ^aca   M paca à ogfs`harmhm ul hgs ÿrbïgs lm`s oglpcaxgs, safhg g lm`gr ÿrbïg hg ogrpg kulmfg. À mtrmvàs hacm qua fgs ogluf`omlgs ogl g la`g axtarfg, mcàl ha lu`tms gutrms eufâñas assafo`m`s oglg4 ^rgtaâïg, rabucmâïg hm talparmturm fgssg hgr grbmf`slg, astìlucgs `lufgcÿb`ogs, paroapâïg safsgr`mc (omcgr, er`g,hg prassïg, a tmtg), raspgstm prghuâïgmgs ha v`tml`fm H, haftra gutrgs... À g ôf`og ÿrbïg qua mprasaftm hg`s t`pgs ha afvackao`laftg4 G orgfgcÿb`og oglul m tghgs gs gutrgs ÿrbïgs, racmo`gfmhg ogl m `hmha9 a g afvackao`laftg omusmhg pgr emtgras axtarfgs (mlj`aftm`s), pr`fo`pmclafta pacg sgc, okmlmhg ha egtgafvackao`laftg. Mljgs sarïg axpc`omhgs lm`s prm erafta. M paca kulmfm pgha vmr`mr ha >,1 m 5 ll ha aspassurm, m làh`m lufh`mc hm aspassurm hm pacaqua à ham : Ap`harla ll (Ap`harla Harla), safhg tal + m aspassurm làh`m ha 21 m =1> lìorgfs (γl) a fïg pgssu` vmsgs smfbuìfags.  M paca à egrlmhm pgr hums omlmhms4 Ap`harla, Harla qua rapgusml fm K`pgharla (tacm sujoutêfam), hm lm`s axtarfm pmrm m lm`s prgeufhm, raspaot`vmlafta.

=.= Ap`harla   M ap`harla aà quarmt`f`zmhg, oglpgstm pgrgu ap`tàc`g ha ravast`laftg qua à ul tao`hgogl astrmt`e`omhg, pmv`laftgsg sadm, egrlmhg pgr vír`ms omlmhms ha oàcucms h`earaftas egrlms a eufâñas. Ms oàcucms supare`o`m`s sïg mokmtmhms oglg sa egssal asomlms a pgssual quarmt`fm. M ap`harla fïg pgssu` vmsgs fal farvgs9 tal aspassurm vmr`mhm, safhg lm`s brgssm fms rab`ñas ha mtr`tg oglg sgcms hgs pàs a pmclms hms lïgs a lm`s e`fm sgjra ms pícpajrms a prÿx`lg hgs baf`tm`s. Ms oàcucms, okmlmhms quarmt`fÿo`tgs gu oarmt`fÿo`tgs, prghuz`hms fm omlmhm jmsmc vïg safhg  –alpurrmhms“ pmrm o`lm a lgh`e`oml sum astruturm. Acms sa ufal pgr dufâñas (gs

haslgssglgs, qua sïg aspao`mc`zmâñas hm supareìo`a) a prgcgfbmlaftgs, sa mokmtml a prghuzal quarmt`fm. Gs oarmt`fÿo`tgs parhal g fôocag a lgrral, fm supareìo`a hg ogrpg sïg ac`l`fmhms pgr hasomlmâïg. =.=.= Ms eufâñas hm ap`harla sïg4   _arv`r oglg ulm jmrra`rm ha prgtaâïg hg grbmf`slg9  

Mjsgrâïg ha rm`gs uctrmv`gcatms prgvaf`aftas hm rmh`mâïg sgcmr9 Av`tmr m parhm ha íbum9   ^rglgvar m safsmâïg ha tmtg.

 

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=.=.:  Omlmhms hm ap`harla a gs h`earaftas t`pgs oacucmras4  

Omlmhm Oÿrfam4 g astrmtg oÿrfag e`om fm supareìo`a hg ogrpg. Egrlmhg pgr oàcucms lgrtms, sal fôocag, mokmtmhms a quarmt`f`zmhms. M sum pmrta lm`s axtarfm sgera hasomlmâïg, safhg ogfstmftalafta sujst`tuìhm (al parìghgs ha = m ? lasas).  Omlmhm Brmfucgsm4  î lah`hm qua sgjal, gs oarmt`fÿo`tgs vïg safhg mokmtmhgs. Fm omlmhm brmfucgsm pgssual egrlm oôj`om a astïg oka`gs ha brêfucgs ha quarmt`fm, qua pmssm m goupmr gs aspmâgs `ftaroacucmras9 Omlmhm Asp`fkgsm4 pgssu` oàcucms ogl haslgssglgs a prgcgfbmlaftgs qua mduhml m lmftä-cms jal uf`hms, g qua ckas ogfeara mpmräfo`m asp`fkgsm. Ms oàcucms ha Cmfbkarmfs sa afogftrml aspmckmhms pacm omlmhm a mduhml m hataotmr mbaftas `fvmsgras, afv`mfhg mcartm mg s`stalm `lufgcÿb`og pmrm haeafhar g ogrpg9  Omlmhm Jmsmc gu Barl`fmt`vm4   assm omlmhm astí salpra prghuz`fhg fgvms oàcucms, qua sa h`v`hal pgr l`tgsa. Astïg prasaftas ms oàcucms ha Lariac sïg laomfgrraoaptgrms, gu sadm, paroajal astìlucgs laoêf`ogs hg axtar`gr a gs afoml`fkml pmrm ms e`jrms farvgsms. Al omhm = olº hm omlmhm jmsmc talgs oarom ha :.>>> lacmfÿo`tgs, qua prghuzal ms oàcucms ha haeasm `lufgcÿb`om (oàcucms ha Cmfbkarmfs) a fg `ftar`gr hg lacmfÿo`tgs prghuz g p`blaftg qua hí ogr î paca, mgs gckgs a pacgs a prgtabal ogftrm m rmh`mâïg uctrmv`gcatm ‟  ZQU, okmlmhg ha lacmf`fm. Gs lacmfÿo`tgs duftmlafta ogl gs quarmt`fÿo`tgs a ms oàcucms ha Cmfbkarmfs egrlml m uf`hmha lacmfgo`tír`m, gfha gogrra m lacmfgbäfasa (sìftasa hm lacmf`fm). M lacmfgbäfasa à ogftrgcmhm pacg kgrløf`g ast`lucmhgr hg lacmfÿo`tgs (L_K), mcàl hg astrÿbafg a prgbastargfm a pacm afz`lm t`rgs`fmsa. ]umfhg mcbul emtgr axtarfg gu `ftarfg hasrabucm g prgoassg fgrlmc hm lacmfgbäfasa à gfha gogrra m egrlmâïg ha lmfokms.

M ap`harla, ogl eufâïg kalgstít`om (mtum fm o`omtr`zmâïg ha ear`laftgs duftg ogl g s`stalm ha ogmbucmâïg smfbuìfam) a prgpr`ahmha ha mutg rafgvmâïg oacucmr, raquar ul fìvac ha k`hrmtmâïg `hamc pmrm qua ms oàcucms ap`hàrl`oms pgssml sa luct`pc`omr a sa h`earafo`mr, pgss`j`c`tmfhg qua tafkmlgs ulm paca smuhívac, ompmz ha axaroar ms eufâñas o`tmhms mo`lm. M k`hrmtmâïg prgtaba m paca hm `rr`tmâïg, hgs aea`tgs hm pgcu`âïg, hg afvackao`laftg praogoa, hms `feaoâñas a, gjv`mlafta gjv`mlafta,, hg rassaomla rassaomlaftg. ftg. ^rgoah`laftgs astàt`ogs pghal mux`c`mr fm lmfutafâïg hm k`hrmtmâïg hm paca, pg`s m k`hrmtmâïg lmftàl m paca smuhívac. =.=.? Gs fìva`s ha k`hrmtmâïg hm paca hapafhal ha vír`gs emtgras, `focu`fhg4   M prasafâm ha lgcàoucms qua ratäl íbum, ogfkao`hms oglg Emtgr Fmturmc ha K`hrmtmâïg (EFK) gu Fmturmc Lg`stur`z`fbEmotgr Lg`stur`z`fbEmotgr (FLE) duftg ís oàcucms hm ap`harla9 ap`harla9   M prasafâm ha bc`oargc a ío`hg k`mcurøf`og afhÿbafg oglg ulaotmftas fmturm`s hm paca9 1

 

 

G mrrmfdg hgs c`pìh`gs gu bgrhurms `ftrmoacucmras grbmf`zmhgs al cmlacms fg astrmtg oÿrfag, eufo`gfmfhg oglg jmrra`rm î parhm ha íbum9   M prasafâm a eufo`gfmlaftg hms mqumpgr`fms-?, omfm`s prasaftas fm laljrmfm hms oàcucms ap`hàrl`oms, raspgfsíva`s pgr rabucmr g trmfspgrta ha íbum, bc`oargc a ura`m pmrm m oàcucm. ogcíbafms a acíst`oms. G ío`hg k`mcurøf`og tal eufâñas ha brmfha `lpgrtêfo`m al  

fulargsgsqua eafølafgs hg sum grbmf`slg a ogl ms sums eufâñas j`gcÿb`oms lgcaoucmr `ftareara fm `ftarmâïg hatarl`fmhms prgtaìfms.hapafhal hg sau pasg G (MK) à ul pgc`ssmomrìhag ha acavmhg pasg lgcaoucmr a oglpgfafta assafo`mc hm lmtr`z axtrmoacucmr hm harla astmfhg h`ratmlafta afvgcv`hg fm rapmrmâïg r apmrmâïg ha tao`hgs.

=.: Harla M harla, cgomc`zmhm `lah`mtmlafta sgj m ap`harla, à ul tao`hg ogfduft`vg qua ogftàl e`jrms prgta`oms, vmsgs smfbuìfags, tarl`fmâñas farvgsms, ÿrbïgs safsgr`m`s a bcêfhucms. Ms pr`fo`pm`s oàcucms hm harla sïg gs e`jrgjcmstgs, raspgfsíva`s pacm prghuâïg ha e`jrms a ha ulm sujstêfo`m bacmt`fgsm, m sujstêfo`m mlgrem, fm qumc gs acalaftgs hàrl`ogs astïg larbuckmhgs. M ap`harla pafatrm fm harla gs egcìoucgs p`cgsgs, bcêfhucms bcêfhucms suhgrìpmrms. Gs egcìoucgs p`cgsgsamsgr`b`fm bcêfhucms sajíoams raspgfsíva`s pacmsajíoams prghuâïga ha sajg a ms bcêfhucms suhgrìpmrms, raspgfsíva`s pacm prghuâïg ha sugr. Ms bcêfhucms mfaxms ‟  suhgrìpmrms a sajíoams ‟  afogftrml-sa larbuckmhms fm harla, aljgrm tafkml gr`bal ap`hàrl`om. G sugr (oglpgstg ha íbum, sm`s a ul pguog ha ura`m) à hrafmhg pacg huotg hms bcêfhucms suhgrìpmrms, afqumftg m saoraâïg sajíoam (saoraâïg bgrhurgsm qua cujr`e`om m ap`harla a gs pacgs) sm` pacgs pgrgs ha gfha alarbal gs pacgs. M trmfsp`rmâïg gu suhgrasa tal pgr eufâïg raerasomr g ogrpg qumfhg kí acavmâïg hm talparmturm mlj`aftmc gu qumfhg m talparmturm `ftarfm hg ogrpg sgja, hav`hg, pgr axalpcg, mg mulaftg hm mt`v`hmha eìs`om. Fm harla afogftrmlgs m`fhm4 lôsoucg aratgr ha pacg, e`jrms acíst`oms (acmst`o`hmha), e`jrms ogcíbafms (ras`stäfo`m), vmsgs smfbuìfags a farvgs.

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Assas farvgs mtrmvàs ha vír`ms rml`e`omâñas (tarl`fmâñ (tarl`fmâñas as farvgsms) raoajal gs astìlucgs hg la`g mlj`afta a gs trmfsl`tal mg oàrajrg. Astas astìlucgs sïg trmhuz`hgs al safsmâñas, oglg4 Omcgr, er`g, hgr, prassïg, v`jrmâïg, v`jrmâïg, prmzar a ato.

(omcgr)

M harla à assafo`mc pmrm m sgjrav`väfo`m hm ap`harla, a assms omlmhms mhdmoaftas lmftäl lu`tms racmâñas eufo`gfm`s a astruturm`s `lpgrtmftas. Ogl jmsa fm sum astruturm tao`humc, m harla à h`v`h`hm pgr ul c`l`ta `fh`st`ftg al ulm rab`ïg pmp`cmr supare`o`mc e`fm a ulm rab`ïg rat`oucmr lm`s prgeufhm aspassm. M rab`ïg pmp`cmr ogfs`sta al e`jrms acíst`oms a ogcíbafms e`fms a sum íram ha supareìo`a à axtralmlafta mulaftmhm pgr paquafms astruturms h`b`t`egrlas qua sa prgdatml fm supareìo`a `fear`gr hm ap`harla, okmlmhms pmp`cms hàrl`oms, ms qum`s mulaftml al lu`tg g ogftmtg ha supareìo`a aftra m rab`ïg pmp`cmr a m ap`harla. Ms pmp`cms hàrl`oms vmr`ml lu`tg ha tmlmfkg a fôlarg al h`earaftas pmrtas hm harla9 sïg lm`s mctmse`fm a fulargsms alm rab`ñas safsìva`s pacamssujlat`hms m lm`s astrassa laoêf`og. Fm paca qua raogjra lm`gr pmrta hg hm ogrpg pmp`cms hàrl`oms sïg racmt`vmlafta pguoms, paquafms a `rrabucmrlafta h`sparsms. Mg ogftrír`g, fm paca aspassm hms pmclms a pcmftms, ms pmp`cms sïg racmt`vmlafta fulargsms, mctms, a h`spgstms al e`ca`rms pmhrgf`zmhms. M rab`ïg rat`oucmr hm harla, e`xmhm î tacm sujoutêfam (k`pgharla), ogfs`sta al ea`xas ha e`jrms ogcíbafms aspassms, e`jrgjcmstgs h`sparsgs, h`varsms oàcucms l`brmtÿr`ms (oglg gs lmorÿembgs) a mcbulms e`jrms acíst`oms aspassms. Mcàl h`ssg, ax`stal mcbufs mh`pÿo`tgs fm pmrta lm`s prgeufhm hm omlmhm. Ms e`jrms ogcíbafms fm rab`ïg rat`oucmr astïg h`spgstms al egrlm ha lmckm a al ulm egrlmâïg lm`s rabucmr hg qua fm rab`ïg pmp`cmr. M gr`aftmâïg lm`s rabucmr hms brmfhas e`jrms ogcíbafms mc`fkm-sa ogl ms egrâms ha trmâïg cgom`s, pmrm mduhmr m paca m ras`st`r mg ast`rmlaftg. Umsgs smfbuìfags, farvgs, egcìoucgs p`cgsgs, bcêfhucms sajíoams a bcêfhucms suhgrìearms goupml gs aspmâgs aftra ms e`jrms. M harla astí egrtalafta `rr`bmhm pacgs vmsgs a, pmrm mcàl hg sau pmpac ha mpg`g (mssaburmhgs pacms e`jrmsracmo`gfmhm ha ogcíbafg ha acmst`fm), hasalpafkm ula pmpac futr`t`vg `lpgrtmfta. Astí tmljàl ogl am tarlgrrabucmâïg, m o`omtr`zmâïg tmljàl ogl m ac`l`fmâïg hgs hadatgs (mtrmvàs hg sugr qua ogftàl ura`m). 2

 

 

Fm harla astí prasafta fmturmclafta g ío`hg k`mcurøf`og qua à ul pgc`ssmomrìhag, hm emlìc`m hms Bc`ogsml`fgbc`omfms (BMB‐s). G ío`hg k`mcurøf`og hm paca à prghuz`hg pr`fo`pmclafta

pacgs e`jrgjcmstgs. Fm omlmhm hàrl`om, g ío`hg k`mcurøf`og mpmraoa aspao`mclafta racmo`gfmhg ogl ms l`orge`jr`cms ha ogcíbafg, e`jrms ogcíbafms a acíst`oms. G ío`hg k`mcurøf`og tal eufâñas ha brmfha `lpgrtêfo`m allgcaoucmr fulargsgs grbmf`slg ms hatarl`fmhm sums eufâñass prgtaìfms. j`gcÿb`oms hapafhal hg sau pasg quaeafølafgs `ftareara fmhgsum `ftarmâïgaogl hatarl`fmhms G (MK) à ul pgc`ssmomrìhag ha acavmhg pasg lgcaoucmr a oglpgfafta assafo`mc hm lmtr`z axtrmoacucmr hm harla astmfhg h`ratmlafta afvgcv`hg fm rapmrmâïg ha tao`hgs.

=.? Xao`hg sujoutêfag   _gj m paca, kí ulm omlmhm ha tao`hg ogfduft`vg erguxg, g tao`hg sujoutêfag, r`og al e`jrms a al oàcucms qua mrlmzafml bgrhurm (oàcucms mh`pgsms gu mh`pÿo`tgs). M omlmhm sujoutêfam, hafgl`fmhm k`pgharla, mtum oglg rasarvm afarbàt`om, prgtaâïg ogftrm okgquas laoêf`og a `sgcmfta tàrl`og.

:. Astuhgs L`orgj`gcÿb`ogs   Hí-sa g fgla ha l`orggrbmf`slgs m tghm egrlm ha v`hm `fv`sìvac m gckg fu. @focual-sa fassm omtabgr`m4 vìrus, jmotàr`ms, prgtgzgír`g, mcbufs t`pgs ha eufbgs a ha mcbms. Al tghg g ogrpg afogftrml-sa oaftafms ha l`ckñas ha l`orggrbmf`slgs, v`vgs a lgrtgs. Mcbufs hacas sïg `fgeafs`vgs gu laslg faoassír`gs pmrm m lmfutafâïg hg aqu`cìjr`g grbêf`og. Gutrgs, aftratmftg, sïg okmlmhgs ha gpgrtuf`stms, qua, oglg g prÿpr`g fgla h`z, mbumrhm ulm okmfoa ha sa astmjacaoar fg grbmf`slg, safhg gs pr`fo`pm`s omusmhgras ha hgafâms. Lu`tgs hacas astïg sgjra m paca, g qua mulaftm gs r`sogs ha `feaoâïg hurmfta mcbufs prgoah`laftgs. ^gr `ssg à ha sulm `lpgrtêfo`m m k`b`afa a has`feaoâïg hg cgomc mftas ha qumcquar prgoah`laftg ha hap`cmâïg, pg`s g mtg ha ralgâïg hgs pacgs parl`ta qua m paca e`qua vucfarívac î mâïg ha l`orggrbmf`slgs. Mcbufs v`cñas hm paca pghal sar g _tmpkycgogoous Muraus, ogc`egrlas eaom`s, eufbgs omusmhgras ha hgafâms, aftra gutrgs.

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 ?. Hgafâms hm ^aca a Mctarmâñas outêfams  outêfams   Gjv`mlafta sïg lu`tms ms hgafâms hm paca a mctarmâñas outêfams, lms trmtmralgs mqu` ms lm`s `lpgrtmftas qua oglulafta sïg lgt`vgs ha hasogftaftmlaftg pgr pmrta ha oc`aftas gu `lpah`t`vgs `lpah`t`v gs pmrm mcbufs sarv`âgs ha astàt`om.

 Mofa M mofa à ulm hgafâm ha prah`spgs`âïg bafàt`om oudms lmf`eastmâñas hapafhal hm prasafâm hgs kgrløf`gs saxum`s. Hav`hg m `ssg, ms casñas oglaâml m surb`r fm pujarhmha, àpgom al qua astas kgrløf`gs oglaâml m sar prghuz`hgs pacg grbmf`slg, mt`fb`fhg m lm`gr`m hgs  dgvafs ha mljgs mljgs gs saxgs. M hgafâm fïg mt`fba mpafms mhgcasoaftas, pghafhg pars`st`r fm `hmha mhuctm a, mtà laslg, surb`r fastm emsa, qumhrg lm`s eraquafta al luckaras. Ms lmf`eastmâñas hm hgafâm gogrral hav`hg mg mulaftg hm saoraâïg sajíoam mssgo`mhm mg astra`tmlaftg a gjstruâïg hm mjarturm hg egcìoucg p`cgsajíoag, hmfhg gr`bal mgs oglahñas mjartgs (ormvgs pratgs) a eaokmhgs (ormvgs jrmfogs). Astms ogfh`âñas emvgraoal m prgc`earmâïg ha l`orggrbmf`slgs prgvgoml m lm`s `fecmlmâïg omrmotarìst`om hms asp`fkms, safhg g ^rgp`gf`jmotar`ul mofas g qua mbafta `feaoo`gsg oglulafta afvgcv`hg. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hm mofa M hgafâm lmf`eastm-sa pr`fo`pmclafta fm emoa a fg trgfog, írams hg ogrpg r`oms al bcêfhucms sajíoams. Gs s`ftglms vmr`ml ha passgm pmrm passgm, safhg, fm lm`gr`m hms vazas ha paquafm a làh`m `ftafs`hmha.

Al mcbufs omsgs, g qumhrg pgha tgrfmr-sa lu`tg `ftafsg, oglg m mofa ogfbcgjmtm (casñas oìst`oms brmfhas, `fecmlmtÿr`ms, qua sa `ftarogluf`oml pgr sgj m paca) a g mofa quacg`hamfg (ha`xm o`omtr`zas quacg`hamfms mpÿs g hasmpmrao`laftg hm `fecmlmâïg). G qumhrg ocìf`og pgha sar h`v`h`hg al qumtrg astíb`gs4

0

 

 

Mofa Brmu @4  mpafms oglahñas mjartgs (ormvgs pratgs) a/gu eaokmhgs (ormvgs jrmfogs), sal casñas `fecmlmtÿr`ms.   Oglahñas mjartgs gu ormvgs pratgs

Gs pratgs, mjartgs,m mpmraoal fgs egcìoucgs p`cgsgs quaormvgs pgssual ulm tmljàl mjarturm okmlmhgs lm`s cmrbm ha quaoglahñas g fgrlmc hav`hg astmral gjstruìhgs a h`cmtmhgs pgr tmlpñas egrlmhgs pgr sajg a oàcucms qua sa hasprafhal hm paca. Hav`hg m ulm ramâïg quìl`om ha gx`hmâïg prgvgomhm pacg ogftmtg ogl g mr, astas tmlpñas bmfkml ogcgrmâïg afabrao`hm, hmfhg m ogr omrmotarìst`om hgs ormvgs pratgs. Mcàl h`ssg, g ogftaôhg sa rassaom a afhuraoa.   Oglahñas eaokmhgs gu ormvgs jrmfogs Gs ormvgs jrmfogs, tmljàl okmlmhgs ha oglahñas eaokmhgs, gogrral al egcìoucgs p`cgsgs qua ogftàl g laslg t`pg ha lmtar`mc qua gs mjartgs, lms pgssual ulm mjarturm l`orgsoÿp`om pmrm m supareìo`a hm paca. Oglg g mr fïg mcomfâm g lmtar`mc haftrg hg egcìoucg, m ramâïg ha gx`hmâïg fïg gogrra a g ogftaôhg sa lmftàl jrmfog a mlgcao`hg. Mofa Brmu @@4  ormvgs a "asp`fkms" paquafms, oglg paquafms casñas `fecmlmhms a pgftgs mlmracgs ha pus (pôstucms). Mofa Brmu @@@4   ormvgs, "asp`fkms" paquafms a casñas lm`gras, lm`s prgeufhms, hgcgrgsms, mvarlackmhms a jal `fecmlmhms (o`stgs). Mofa Brmu @U4  ormvgs, "asp`fkms" paquafms a brmfhas casñas oìst`oms, ogluf`omftas (mofa ogfbcgjmtm), ogl lu`tm `fecmlmâïg a mspaotg hase`burmfta.

 Mofa fm luckar mhuctm M mofa, mcàl ha moglatar ul brmfha paroaftumc hgs mhgcasoaftas, pgha mt`fb`r tmljàl luckaras fm `hmha mhuctm. M hgafâm pgha surb`r fastm emsa hm v`hm gu sar rasuctmhg hm pars`stäfo`m hm mofa duvaf`c. ^gha surb`r al haogrräfo`m ha mctarmâñas kgrlgfm`s hav`hms m h`seufâñas gvmr`mfms (m lm`s eraquafta à m sìfhrgla hgs gvír`gs l`orgpgc`oìst`ogs), mctarmâñas hms bcêfhucms suprmrrafm`s gu ul mulaftg hm safs`j`c`hmha hm paca mgs kgrløf`gs mfhrgbäf`ogs (lmsouc`fgs), raspgfsíva`s pacms lmf`eastmâñas hm hgafâm. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hm mofa fm luckar mhuctm Oc`f`omlafta, ms casñas ogstulml sar lm`s prgeufhms, egrlmfhg fÿhucgs mvarlackmhgs a hgcgr`hgs, lms tmljàl pgha egrlmr pôstucms (casñas ogl pus). Ms írams lm`s mt`fb`hms sïg g qua`xg, lmfhìjucms a pasogâg. Ormvgs eaokmhgs (jrmfogs) sïg lm`s eraquaftas qua gs mjartgs (pratgs). Gutrms omrmotarìst`oms qua pghal astmr moglpmfkmfhg m mofa hm luckar mhuctm, hav`hg î mâïg hgs mfhrgbäf`gs, sïg g mulaftg hm sajgrra`m, mulaftg ha pacgs emo`m`s a ogrpgrm`s a mcgpao`m mfhrgbäf`om (quahm ha omjacgs). Al mcbufs omsgs pgha gogrrar tmljàl `rrabucmr`hmha `rrabucmr`hm ha lafstrumc.

=>

 

 

 Mofa sgcmr M mofa sgcmr omrmotar`zm-sa pgr ulm arupâïg qua mt`fba pr`fo`pmclafta g trgfog a m rm`z hgs laljrgs supar`gras a qua surba pguogs h`ms mpÿs m axpgs`âïg `ftafsm hastms írams mg sgc. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hm mofa sgcmr Egrlml-sa casñas pmpucgsms (salackmftas m paquafms "jgc`fkms afhurao`hms") a pustucgsms (jgc`fkms ha pus), safhg mcbulms hacms hgcgr`hms a mvarlackmhms hav`hg î `fecmlmâïg.

Zgsíoam M rgsíoam à ulm hgafâm `fecmlmtÿr`m orøf`om qua meatm pr`fo`pmclafta gs mhuctgs mpÿs gs ?> mfgs ha `hmha, safhg lm`s eraquafta fms luckaras. Oartgs mc`laftgs pghal p`grmr g qumhrg al mcbufs pmo`aftas (omeà, jaj`hms mcogÿc`oms, p`ocas, p`laftm a lgckgs quaftas). Mcàl h`ssg, er`g a omcgr `ftafsg, mss`l oglg m axpgs`âïg sgcmr, pghal fmsurb`laftg p`grm hms casñas. M paca hmf`e`omhm pacg sgc mg cgfbg hgs mfgs tmljàlastmr pgha`lpc`omhgs prah`spgr mg hm hgafâm. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hm rgsíoam M hgafâm mt`fba pr`fo`pmclafta m rab`ïg oaftrmc hm emoa. G qumhrg `f`o`m-sa pgr varlack`hïg, m pr`foìp`g trmfs`tÿr`m, lms qua hapg`s sa tgrfm pars`stafta. Ogl m prgbrassïg hm hgafâm, surbal tmljàl paquafgs vmsgs smfbuìfags h`cmtmhgs (tacmfb`aotms`ms), casñas mvarlackmhms a acavmhms (pípucms) a pôstucms (pgftgs mlmracgs), qua pmraoal asp`fkms, hmì m hafgl`fmâïg mofa rgsíoam, pacm salackmfâm ogl m mofa. Omsgs lm`s brmvas pghal mt`fb`r írams axtafsms hm emoa, ogl `fecmlmâïg a ahalm hm paca, egrlmfhg pcmoms mvarlackmhms a fÿhucgs. Al mcbufs pmo`aftas pghal gogrrar mctarmâñas goucmras `fecmlmtÿr`ms, oglg ogfduft`v`ta gu `fecmlmâïg hm oÿrfam, pícpajrm a ìr`s.

Fgs kglafs, g qumhrg pgha sar lm`s brmva a m avgcuâïg hm hgafâm pgha cavmr mg surb`laftg hg r`fge`lm, qumfhg gogrra g mulaftg hg vgcula hg fmr`z, oudm paca sa mprasaftm `fe`ctrmhm, ogl gs pgrgs h`cmtmhgs a ogl acavmâñas fm supareìo`a. supareìo`a.

 Kalmfb`glms Kalmfb`glms gu mfb`glms sïg prgc`earmâñas ha vmsgs smfbuìfags qua mpmraoal fm paca oglg lmfokms gu tulgrmâñas, usumclafta mvarlackmhms gu mrrgxamhms. Gs t`pgs lm`s oglufs ha kalmfb`glms sïg g `femft`c, g mfb`glm ruj`, g brmfucglm p`gbäf`og a m lmfokm v`fkg hg pgrtg. Aljgrm, al barmc, gs kalmfb`glms raprasaftal ul prgjcalm uf`omlafta astàt`og, smfbrmlaftg a oglprassïg ha astruturms pghal raprasaftmr ul prgjcalm lm`s sàr`g. À rmrm m trmfsegrlmâïg lmc`bfm ha ul kalmfb`glm. ==

 

 

O`stgs ap`hàrl`ogs, o`stgs tr`qu`calm`s, l`c`ul, côp`m Ogfkao`hgs pgpucmrlafta pgrap`hàrl`ogs " o`stgs sajíoags ", gs o`stgs .afogftrmhgs ogl lm`gr eraquäfo`m sïg gs  a gs tr`qu`calm`s G ogftaôhg ha mljgs fïg à sajg a s`l quarmt`fm, m sujstêfo`m qua egrlm m omlmhm lm`s supare`o`mc hm paca. Gs o`stgs ap`hàrl`ogs sïg gs lm`s eraquaftas a rasuctml hm prgc`earmâïg ha oàcucms hm ap`harla haftrg hm harla, g qua pgha sar hav`hg m ulm tafhäfo`m bafàt`om. G l`c`ul à ul paquaf`fg o`stg ap`hàrl`og, ha cgomc`zmâïg lm`s supare`o`mc, a m côp`m  sïg o`stgs ap`hàrl`ogs cgomc`zmhgs fm jgcsm asorgtmc a brmfhas cíj`gs. Gs o`stgs tr`qu`calm`s  gu o`stgs p`cmras sïg lafgs eraquaftas a sa gr`b`fml hg egcìoucg p`cgsg, gogrrafhg pr`fo`pmclafta fg ogurg omjacuhg. Mft`bmlafta arml okmlmhgs ha o`stgs sajíoags.

 Lacmslm / Ocgmslm G lacmslm à ulm lmf`eastmâïg omrmotar`zmhm pgr lmfokms asourms fm emoa. G sau surb`laftg barmclafta astí racmo`gfmhg î brmv`haz gu mg usg ha mft`ogfoapo`gfm`s kgrlgfm`s (pìcucm) a tal oglg emtgr hasafomhamfta m axpgs`âïg hm paca mg sgc. ]umfhg astms lmfokms gogrral hurmfta m brmv`haz, raoajal m hafgl`fmâïg ha ocgmslm brmvìh`og. M hgafâm mpmraoa pr`fo`pmclafta fms luckaras, lms tmljàl pgha moglatar gs kglafs. Mcàl hgs emtgras kgrlgfm`s a hm axpgs`âïg sgcmr, m tafhäfo`m bafàt`om a omrmotarìst`oms rmo`m`s tmljàl `fecuafo`ml g surb`laftg hg lacmslm. M prgeufh`hmha al qua sa cgomc`zm g p`blaftg fm paca hatarl`fm g t`pg ha lacmslm, qua pgha sar ap`hàrl`og (lm`slm`s supare`o`mc a qua raspgfha lackgr mg trmtmlaftg), hàrl`og (lm`s prgeufhg a ha trmtmlaftg h`eìo`c) gu l`stg. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hg lacmslm M hgafâm sa omrmotar`zm pacg surb`laftg ha lmfokms asourms gu momstmfkmhms fm emoa, pr`fo`pmclafta fms rab`ñas lmcmras (lmâïs hg rgstg), fm tastm, fmr`z, cíj`g supar`gr a tälpgrms. Ms lmfokms barmclafta tal c`l`tas prao`sgs a sïg `rrabucmras, egrlmfhg pcmoms qua, al sau ogftgrfg, mprasaftml pgft`ckmh pgft`ckmhg g p`blaftmr p`blaftmr..

(pìcucm).

^mrm av`tmr g lacmslm, ms luckaras fïg haval sa axpgr mg sgc sal prgtaâïg sgcmr hurmfta m brmv`haz gu usg ha mft`ogfoapo`gfm`s kgrlgfm`s

=:

 

 

E`tgegtglacmfgsa ("lmfokms ha c`lïg") M e`tgegtglacmfgsa à ulm lmf`eastmâïg mcàrb`om omusmhm pacm axpgs`âïg mg sgc hm paca qua tava ogftmtg ogl pcmftms gu suog ha mcbulms erutms, pr`fo`pmclafta c`lïg, cmrmfdm a tmfbar`fm. Gutrgs prghutgs oglg pareulas a raer`barmftas, tmljàl pghal omusmr m ramâïg qua, fasta omsg, à okmlmhm ha egtglac egtglacmfgsa. mfgsa. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hm e`tgegtglacmfgsa e`tgegtglacmfgsa

M hgafâm sa omrmotar`zm pacg surb`laftg ha lmfokms asourms fms írams meatmhms. G egrlmtg hms lmfokms hapafha hm axpgs`âïg hm paca îs sujstêfo`ms, safhg eraquafta casñas pgft`ckmhms omusmhms pgr rasp`fbgs ha c`lïg aspral`hg. Ms írams lm`s oglulafta meatmhms sïg g hgrsg hms lïgs, ogcg a gs cíj`gs.

 Harlmt`ta mtÿp`om gu aozalm mtÿp`og mtÿp`og M harlmt`ta mtÿp`om gu aozalm mtÿp`og à ulm lmf`eastmâïg outêfam hm mtgp`m, hgafâm mhqu`r`hm pgr karmfâm bafàt`om. M passgm qua sgera ha mtgp`m, mcàl hm harlmt`ta mtÿp`om pgha mprasaftmr mslm gu r`f`ta mcàrb`om. À eraquafta afogftrmr k`stÿr`og ha ulm hastms hgafâms fgs eml`c`mras. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hm harlmt`ta mtÿp`om

G pr`fo`pmc s`ftglm à m ogoa`rm, qua pgha oglaâmr mftas laslg hms casñas outêfams sa lmf`eastmral. Fm `feêfo`m ms casñas sïg mvarlackmhms a hasomlmt`vms. ^ghal mt`fb`r m emoa, trgfog a laljrgs. Ogl g mtg ha ogâmr, tgrfml-sa asogr`mhms a pghal sgerar `feaoâïg saoufhír`m.

 Harlmt`ta sajgrra`om M harlmt`ta sajgrra`om à ulm `fecmlmâïg orøf`om hm paca qua surba al `fh`vìhugs bafat`omlaftaa prah`spgstgs, trmtmfhg-sa pgrtmftg ha lmf`eastmâïg bafat`omlaft lmf`eastmâïg ogfst`tuo ogfst`tuo`gfmc. `gfmc. Ms arupâñas outêfams omrmotarìst`oms hm hgafâm gogrral prahgl`fmftalafta fms írams ha lm`gr prghuâïg ha gcags`hmha pacms bcêfhucms sajíoams. M omusm hm harlmt`ta sajgrra`om à hasogfkao`hm lms m gcags`hmha axoass`vm a ul eufbg (^`tyrgspgrul gvmca) prasafta fm paca meatmhm astïg afvgcv`hgs fg prgoassg. M lm`gr mt`v`hmha hms bcêfhucms sajíoams gogrra sgj m mâïg hgs kgrløf`gs mfhrgbäf`ogs, pgr `ssg, g `fìo`g hgs s`ftglms gogrra barmclafta mpÿs m pujarhmha. Fgs raoàl-fmso`hgs tmljàl pghal gogrrar lmf`eastmâñas hm hgafâm, hav`hg mg mfhrgbäf`g lmtarfg m`fhm prasafta. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hm harlmt`ta sajgrra`om sajgrra`om M harlmt`ta sajgrra`om tal omrítar orøf`og, ogl tafhäfo`m m parìghgs ha lackgrm a ha p`grm. =?

 

 

M hgafâm ogstulm sa mbrmvmr fg `fvarfg a al s`tumâñas ha emh`bm gu astrassa algo`gfmc. algo`gfmc. Ms lmf`eastmâñas lm`s eraquaftas gogrral fg ogurg omjacuhg a sïg omrmotar`zmhms pgr `ftafsm prghuâïg ha gcags`hmha (sajgrra`m), hasomlmâïg (omspm) a prur`hg (ogoa`rm). M omspm pgha vmr`mr hasha e`fm hasomlmâïg mtà m egrlmâïg ha brmfhas orgstms mhar`hms mg ogurg omjacuhg. M ogoa`rm, qua pgha sar `ftafsm, à ul s`ftglm eraquafta fastm rab`ïg a tmljàl pgha astmr prasafta ogl lafgr `ftafs`hmha fms gutrms cgomc`zmâña cgomc`zmâñas. s. ]umfhg mt`fbal m paca, ms casñas hm harlmt`ta sajgrra`om sïg mvarlackmhms a ogl hasomlmâïg hasomlmâï g bgrhurgsm. Ms írams lm`s mt`fb`hms sïg m emoa (pr`fo`pmcla (pr`fo`pmclafta fta g ogftgrfg fmsmc, suparoìc`gs a ergfta), pmv`ckñas mur`oucmras a rab`ïg ratrg mur`oucmr a g oaftrg hm rab`ïg tgrío`om mftar`gr a pgstar`gr. Gutrms lmf`eastmâñas sïg m jcaemr`ta sajgrra`om, qua mt`fba ms pícpajrms, a m prasafâm ha casñas al írams ha hgjrm ha paca, oglg ms mx`cms a rab`ñas `ferm lmlír`ms. Omsgs brmvas ha harlmt`ta sajgrra`om pghal avgcu`r pmrm m bafarmc`zmâïg hms casñas, mt`fb`fhg axtafsms írams hm paca.

^sgrìmsa M psgrìmsa à ulm hm paca `bumclafta kglafsemsa a luckaras, pr`fo`pmclafta fm hgafâm em`xm atír`m aftrajmstmfta :> a 8>eraquafta. mfgs, lmsMt`fba pgha surb`r al qumcquar hm v`hm. _um omusm à hasogfkao`hm. Eafølafgs algo`gfm`s sïg eraquaftalafta racmo`gfmhgs ogl g sau surb`laftg gu sum mbrmvmâïg, prgvmvaclafta mtumfhg oglg emtgras hasafomhamftas ha ulm prah`spgs`âïg bafàt`om pmrm m hgafâm. Oarom ha ?>% hms passgms qua täl psgrìmsa mprasaftml k`stÿr`m ha eml`c`mras tmljàl moglat`hgs. Fïg à ulm hgafâm ogftmb`gsm a fïg kí faoass`hmha ha av`tmr g ogftmtg eìs`og ogl gutrms passgms. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hm psgrìmsa

^gha mprasaftmr-sa ha vír`ms lmfa`rms, hasha egrlms lìf`lms, ogl pguquìss`lms casñas, mtà m psgrìmsa ar`trghàrl`om, fm qumc tghm m paca astí pcmoms, oglprglat`hm. M egrlmpacg lm`ssurb`laftg eraquafta ha à m psgrìmsa al omrmotar`zmhm hamprasaftmâïg casñas mvarlackmhms a hasomlmt`vms hasomlmt` vms (egtg) fm paca, jal c`l`tmhms a ha avgcuâïg orøf`om.

=8

 

 

Egc`ouc`ta Egc`ouc`ta à m `feaoâïg hgs egcìoucgs p`cgsgs omusmhms pgr jmotàr`ms hg t`pg astme`cgogogs. M `fvmsïg jmotar`mfm pgha gogrrar aspgftmfamlafta aspgftmfamlafta gu emvgrao`hm pacg axoassg ha ul`hmha gu sugr, pacgs pghafhg gu hap`cmâïg. Mt`fbarmspmbal or`mfâms ahgs mhuctgs surb`r al qumcquar cgomc`zmâïg gfha ax`stml pacgs, safhg eraquafta fm íram hm jmrjm (kglafs) a fm v`r`ckm (luckaras). Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hm egc`ouc`ta ]umfhg supare`o`mc, m egc`ouc`ta omrmotar`zm-sa pacm egrlmâïg ha paquafms pôstucms ("jgc`fkms ha pus") oaftrmhms pgr pacg ogl h`soratm varlack`hïg mg rahgr. Mcbufs omsgs fïg mprasaftml pus, mpmraoafhg mpafms varlack`hïg mg rahgr hgs pacgs. ]umfhg ms casñas sïg lm`s prgeufhms, egrlml-sa casñas acavmhms a mvarlackmhms qua pghal tar pgftg mlmracg (pus) fg oaftrg. ^gha kmvar hgr a ogoa`rm fg cgomc meatmhg.

^acg aformvmhg

^acg aformvmhg à ulm hgafâm lm`s oglul al passgms ha paca fabrm a prgvgomhm pacm omrmotarìst`om raourvmhm hgs pacgs qua, mg orasoar, afourvml-sa a pafatrml fgvmlafta fm paca, barmfhg ulm ramâïg `fecmlmtÿr`m ogfkao`hm oglg psauhgegc`ouc`ta. M omusm pr`fo`pmc à g mtg ha rmspmr gu hap`cmr gs pacgs qua, qumfhg vgctml m orasoar, aformvml-sa. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hg pacg aformvmhg Ms írams lm`s meatmhms fgs kglafs sïg g pasogâg a m fuom a, fms luckaras, m v`r`ckm. Fastms cgomc`zmâñas, pgr saral írams ha hgjrm hm paca, mcbufs pacgs dí fmsoal ha egrlm gjcìqum, g qua emo`c`tm g sau aformvmlaftg.

Ogl g oraso`laftg, gs pacgs pafatrml m paca egrlmfhg casñas mvarlackmhms, `fecmlmtÿr`ms, afhurao`hms a eraquaftalafta ogl pus, hav`hg ogftml`fmâïg Mcbulms m egrlmr pmrm varhmha`rgs o`stgs, îoudg ogftaôhg àjmotar`mfm. g pacg qua orasoaokabml ogft`fumlafta g sau `ftar`gr.

 Karpas (Karpas s`lpcas, Karpas cmj`mc) Karpas à ulm `feaoâïg omusmhm pacg vìrus Karpas s`lpcax. G ogftmtg ogl g vìrus gogrra barmclafta fm `feêfo`m, lms lu`tms vazas m hgafâm fïg sa lmf`eastm fastm àpgom. G vìrus mtrmvassm m paca a, parogrrafhg ul farvg, sa `fstmcm fg grbmf`slg ha egrlm cmtafta, mtà qua vafkm m sar ramt`vmhg. M ramt`vmâïg hg vìrus pgha gogrrar hav`hg m h`varsgs emtgras hasafomhamftas, tm`s oglg4 axpgs`âïg î cuz sgcmr `ftafsm, emh`bm eìs`om a laftmc, astrassa algo`gfmc, eajra gu gutrms `feaoâñas qua h`l`fuml m ras`stäfo`m grbêf`om. Mcbulms passgms tal lm`gr pgss`j`c`hmha ha mprasaftmr gs s`ftglms hg karpas. Gutrms, laslg al ogftmtg ogl g vìrus, fufom mprasaftml m hgafâm, pg`s sum `luf`hmha fïg parl`ta g sau hasafvgcv hasafvgcv`laftg. `laftg. =1

 

 

Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hg karpas

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Ms cgomc`zmâñas lm`s eraquaftas sïgcubmr gs cíj`gs a m rab`ïg baf`tmc, lms g karpas pgha mpmraoar al qumcquar hm paca. Qlm vaz ramt`vmhg, karpas sa mprasaftm hm sabu`fta egrlm4 @f`o`mclafta pgha kmvar ogoa`rm a mrhäfo`m fg cgomc gfha surb`rïg   ms casñas. M sabu`r, egrlml-sa paquafms jgckms mbrupmhms oglg ful juquä sgjra íram mvarlackmhm a `fokmhm. Ms jgckms rglpal-sa c`jarmfhg cìqu`hg r`og al vìrus a egrlmfhg ulm ear`hm. À m emsa ha lm`gr par`bg ha trmfsl`ssïg hm hgafâm. M ear`hm oglaâm m saomr egrlmfhg ulm orgstm qua hmrí `fìo`g î o`omtr`zmâïg. M hurmâïg hm hgafâm à ha oarom ha 1 m => h`ms.

 K`parp`blaftmâïg pÿs-`fecmlmtÿr`m M k`parp`blaftmâïg à ulqua prgjcalm afogftrmhg a raprasaftm ulm saquacmpÿs-`fecmlmtÿr`m ha h`varsgs prgoassgs meatml m eraquaftalafta paca, oglg hgafâms, ear`hms gu prgoah`laftgs tarmpäut`ogs, aftra acas4 `feaoâñas, ramâñas mcàrb`oms, trmulms eìs`ogs, qua`lmhurms gu hgafâms `fecmlmtÿr`ms `fecmlmtÿr`ms oglg g côpus gu g cìquaf pcmfg. G asourao`laftg hm paca à haogrrafta hg prgoassg `fecmlmtÿr`g, qua mctarm m mt`v`hmha hgs lacmfÿo`tgs (oàcucms qua prghuzal m lacmf`fm, p`blaftg qua hí ogr î paca) qua mulaftml m prghuâïg hm lacmf`fm a m sum h`str`ju`âïg pmrm ms oàcucms hm ap`harla. Xmljàl pgha gogrrar qumfhg m `fecmlmâïg rglpa m omlmhm lm`s `fear`gr hm ap`harla a g p`blaftg sa hapgs`tm fm sabufhm omlmhm hm paca, m harla. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hm k`parp`blaftmâïg pÿs-`fecmlmtÿr`m

M hgafâm sa gfha omrmotar`zm pacg surb`laftg ha `fecmlmâïg lmfokms asourms momstmfkmhms gr`b`fmclafta gogrrau mcbulm hm paca.gu M ogcgrmâïg vmr`m ha lmrrgl ocmrg m fabrg.

 Cauogharl`m butmtm ("smrhm jrmfom") jrmfom") M cauogharl`m butmtm à ulm casïg omusmhm pacg mâïg moulucmt`vm hm rmh`mâïg sgcmr sgjra írams ha paca axpgstms mg sgc ha egrlm prgcgfbmhm a rapat`hm mg cgfbg hm v`hm, prgvgomfhg mctarmâñas fgs lacmfÿo`tgs (oàcucms hm paca raspgfsíva`s pacm p`blaftmâïg). Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hm cauogharl`m butmtm jrmfoms, paquafms, ha M cauogharl`m butmtm omrmotar`zm-sa pgr lmfokms = m 1 ll ha tmlmfkg, mrrahgfhmhms gu pgc`bgfm`s, qua mt`fbal gs jrmâgs a ms parfms fms írams ha axpgs`âïg mg sgc. =5

 

 

 Lacmfglm lmc`bfg G lacmfglm lmc`bfg à g oêfoar hm paca ha p`gr prgbfÿst`og. À ul tulgr lu`tg brmva hav`hg mg sau mctg pgtafo`mc ha prghuz`r latístmsas afv`mfhg oàcucms tulgrm`s pmrm gutrgs ÿrbïgs, gfha sa hasafvgcv hasafvgcval. al. Gr`b`fm-sa hgs lacmfÿo`tgs, oàcucms qua prghuzal g p`blaftg qua hí m ogr hm paca. ^gha sa gr`b`fmr hm paca sï gu ha casñas p`blaftmhms prà-ax`staftas, gs favgs p`blaftmhgs ("s`fm`s" asourgs). Ha gogrräfo`m lm`s eraquafta al passgms ha paca ocmrm, egtgt`pgs @ gu @@, g lacmfglm pgha surb`r al íram ha paca fïg axpgstm mg sgc pgràl, g lm`gr fôlarg ha casñas mpmraoa fms írams hm paca qua e`oml axpgstms î rmh`mâïg sgcmr. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hg lacmfglm G lacmfglm `f`o`m-sa oglg ulm casïg asourm qua mulaftm ha tmlmfkg al axtafsïg a/gu prgeufh`hmha, ogl mctarmâïg ha sums ogras gr`b`fm`s, surb`laftg ha pgftgs p`blaftmhgs mg rahgr hm casïg `f`o`mc, ucoarmâïg (egrlmâïg ha ear`hm), smfbrmlaftg gu s`ftglms oglg ogoa`rm, hgr gu `fecmlmâïg.

Fm emsa `f`o`mc, g lacmfglm astí rastr`tg î omlmhm lm`s supare`o`mc hm paca, àpgom `hamc pmrm ramc`zmâïg hg h`mbfÿst`og a trmtmlaftg pg`s, fastm cgomc`zmâïg, m`fhm fïg gogrra m h`ssal`fmâïg ha oàcucms tulgrm`s î h`stêfo`m a m rat`rmhm oglpcatm hg tulgr tal mctgs ìfh`oas ha ourm. À g lacmfglm "`f s`tu". ]umfhg g lacmfglm ha`xm ha sar pcmfg, egrlmfhg casïg acavmhm fm paca, à s`fmc ha qua tmljàl astí prgbrah`fhg al prgeufh`hmha. M prgeufh`hmha mt`fb`hm a m aspassurm hm casïg sïg gs pmrêlatrgs qua hae`fal m brmv`hmha hm casïg. ]umftg lm`s prgeufhm a aspassm, lm`s brmva, pg`s mulaftml gs r`sogs ha latístmsas pmrm gutrgs ÿrbïgs. Ms casñas ha lacmfglm mprasaftml omrmotarìst`oms eíoa`s ha raogfkaoar mprafhafhg-sa g MJOH hg lacmfglm4  Mss`latr`m4 egrlmtg `rrabucmr J grhms `rrabucmras4 c`l`tas axtarfgs `rrabucmras Ogcgrmâïg vmr`mhm (h`earaftas tgfmc`hmhas ha ogr) H`êlatrg4 lm`gr qua 5 l`cìlatrgs

 Lacmfgsa sgcmr ("lmfokm saf`c") Ugoä, ogl oartazm, dí hava tar guv`hg mcbuàl emcmr al "lmfokms saf`s". Acms sïg pgpucmrlafta okmlmhms mss`l pgrqua ogstulml mpmraoar al passgms ogl `hmha lm`s mvmfâmhm. Fm varhmha, astms lmfokms fïg sïg prgvgomhms pacm `hmha a s`l pacg hmfg omusmhg pacg sgc mg cgfbg hgs mfgs. Oglg g rasuctmhg hm mâïg hg sgc sÿ vm` mpmraoar ogl g pmssmr hg talpg, ms lacmfgsas sgcmras sïg lm`s oglufs al passgms ha `hmha. Hmì g fgla "lmfokm saf`c". saf`c". À eío`c oglprgvmr qua m lmfokm saf`c à, fm varhmha, ulm lmfokm sgcmr. =2

 

 

Jmstm gckmr m paca hm rab`ïg hms mx`cms gu m pmrta `ftarfm hgs jrmâgs, qua e`oml prgtab`hms hg sgc, a var qua, mpasmr ha taral m "laslm `hmha" qua m paca meatmhm pacm lacmfgsa sgcmr, mc` fïg sa afogftrml ms lmfokms. Ms lacmfgsas sgcmras sïg lmfokms asourms, ha ogcgrmâïg omstmfkg m lmrrgl, barmclafta paquaf`fms lms qua pghal okabmr m mcbufs oaftìlatrgs ha tmlmfkg. Acms surbal mpafms fms írams qua e`oml sgc, oglg mhaemoa, hgrsg hms lïgs a hgs jrmâgs, g ogcg a gs gljrgs. _ïglu`tg lm`s axpgstms eraquaftasmgal passgms paca gocmrm. G hmfg sgcmr moulucmhg mg cgfbg hgs mfgs `fhuz mg mulaftg hg fôlarg ha lacmfÿo`tgs (oàcucm qua prghuz g p`blaftg qua hí ogr î paca) a hm sum mt`v`hmha, prghuz`fhg lm`s lacmf`fm a asouraoafhg m paca. ^ravafâïg a trmtmlaftg hm lacmfgsa sgcmr G `hamc à m pravafâïg hg surb`laftg hms lmfokms, qua hava sar ea`tm mtrmvàs hg usg ha prgtaâïg sgcmr fms írams ogft`fumlafta axpgstms mg sgc, gfha ms lmfokms sa lmf`eas lmf`eastml. tml.

Fïg à mpafms g sgc hm prm`m gu p`so`fm, lms tmljàl g sgc hg h`m m h`m, qua pmucmt`fmlafta vm` hmf`e`omfhg ms oàcucms qua, fg euturg, vïg sgerar mctarmâñas a hmr gr`bal îs lmfokms.

 Côpus ar`talmtgsg G Côpus Ar`talmtgsg (CA) à ulm hgafâm mutg`lufa, gu sadm, ulm mctarmâïg hg fgssg s`stalm `lufgcÿb`og qua pmssm m prghuz`r mft`ogrpgs ogftrm fgssms prÿpr`ms oàcucms, prgvgomfhg `fecmlmâïg a hmf`e`omfhg gs fgssgs ÿrbïgs, aftra acas, m paca. M omusm hassa hasaqu`cìjr`g `lufgcÿb`og à hasogfkao`hm. M hgafâm gogrra ogl lm`gr eraquäfo`m al luckaras dgvafs, safhg gs kglafs pguog meatmhgs. Qlm omrmotarìst`om `lpgrtmfta à m egtgssafs`j`c`hmha. M cuz sgcmr pgha prgvgomr g surb`laftg gu mbrmvmr ms casñas outêfams, qua sa s`tuml pr`fo`pmclafta fms írams hm paca axpgstms mg sgc. Gutrg emtgr qua pgha hasafomhamr g surb`laftg hm hgafâm à g astrassa algo`gfmc `ftafsg. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hg côpus ar`talmtgsg

Ax`stal egrlms hm hgafâm. hacms meatm Gutrm sglafta m pacalm`s aà ogfkao`hm oglgh`earaftas CA outêfag h`sog`ha Qlm gu CA orøf`og. egrlm, brmva, à g CA s`stäl`og gu mbuhg, fm qumc gogrra g moglat`laftg hm paca a ha ÿrbïgs `ftarfgs. Qlm egrlm `ftarlah`ír`m à g CA sujmbuhg, qua mprasaftm casñas outêfams lm`s fulargsms a ul afvgcv`laftg lafgs brmva hgs ÿrbïgs `ftarfgs. Fm paca, egrlml-sa casñas pcmfms, ha ogr mvarlackmhm, rÿsam gu v`gcíoam. Mprasaftml hasomlmâïg, hasomlmâï g, paquafgs vmsgs smfbuìfags h`cmtmhgs fm supareìo`a a pghal tar ms jgrhms lm`s asourms. Ms casñas lm`s mft`bms pghal cavmr î mtrge`m outêfam, ha`xmfhg o`omtr`zas ogl parhm hm ogr hm paca a hgs pacgs. _`tuml-sa ogl lm`gr eraquäfo`m fms rab`ñas hm paca axpgstms î cuz sgcmr, pr`fo`pmclafta fm emoa. ]umfhg goupml ms rab`ñas lmcmras (lmâïs hm emoa) a g fmr`z, pghal mhqu`r`r ul egrlmtg ha "msm ha jgrjgcatm", omrmotarìst`og hm hgafâm. Gutrms cgomc`zmâñas kmj`tum`s sïg ms grackms, gs cíj`gs a g ogurg omjacuhg, gfha pghal prgvgomr quahm hgs omjacgs ha egrlm hae`f`t`vm (mcgpao`m o`omtr`o`mc). Ogl lafgr eraquäfo`m, gogrral fg tÿrmx (ogcg gu U hg haogta), gljrgs, mftajrmâgs a lïgs. =;

 

 

]ua`lmhurms ]ua`lmhurm à g hmfg prgvgomhg î paca a gutrgs tao`hgs pgr mbaftas ogl mctm talparmturm oglg g egbg, cìqu`hgs mquao`hgs, vmpgr gu gjdatgs quaftas. M rmh`mâïg a sujstêfo`ms quìl`oms tmljàl pghal prgvgomr qua`lmhurms. M qua`lmhurm pgha prgvgomr m hastru`âïg pmro`mc gu tgtmc hm paca a mtà ha gutrms astruturms s`tumhms mjm`xg hacm, oglg lôsoucgs, tafhñas a gssgs. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hms qua`lmhurm qua`lmhurms s Ha mogrhg ogl m prgeufh`hmha hm paca mt`fb`hm pacms qua`lmhurms, acms sïg ocmss`e`omhms al qua`lmhurms ha pr`la`rg brmu, sabufhg brmu a taroa`rg brmu.

]ua`lmhurm ha pr`la`rg brmu4  mt`fba ms omlmhms supar`gras hm ap`harla. Omrmotar`zm-sa pgr varlack`hïg, ahalm (`fokmâg) a hgr fg cgomc. Fïg prgvgom m egrlmâïg ha jgckms. À oglul gogrrar hasomlmâïg e`fm hm paca hapg`s ha mcbufs h`ms. ]ua`lmhurm ha sabufhg brmu4 pgha sar supare`o`mc, qumfhg mt`fba m ap`harla a pmrta hm harla, lms prasarvm brmfha fôlarg hms rmìzas hgs pacgs a bcêfhucms. ^rgvgom varlack`hïg, ahalm (`fokmâg), egrlmâïg ha vasìoucms a jgckms qua, qumfhg sa rglpal, ha`xml ear`hms argsmhms, supare`o`m`s, supare`o`m`s, ha ogcgrmâïg rÿsam a supareìo`a ôl`hm. M hgr à `ftafsm. Mpÿs m o`omtr`zmâïg, m raouparmâïg hm paca pgha sar oglpcatm gu rasuctmr al lmfokms ras`hum`s. ]umfhg m qua`lmhurm ha sabufhg brmu à prgeufhm, hastru`fhg oglpcatmlafta m harla, m hgr à lafgs `ftafsm, ms ear`hms sïg lafgs mvarlackmhms a m o`omtr`zmâïg pgha ha`xmr o`omtr`zas. ]ua`lmhurm ha taroa`rg brmu4   prgvgom m hastru`âïg tgtmc hm paca, mt`fb`fhg m ap`harla, harla a mfaxgs outêfags (pacgs, bcêfhucms...). ^gha mt`fb`r astruturms mjm`xg hm paca, oglg g tao`hg sujoutêfag, lôsoucgs, tafhñas a gssgs. M casïg à rassaomhm, ha ogcgrmâïg asjrmfqu`âmhm gu asourm, egrlmfhg orgstm ha tao`hg hasv`tmc`zmhg qua, mg sar ralgv`hg, ha`xm ear`hm ucoarmhm. M o`omtr`zmâïg hí gr`bal m o`omtr`zas afhurao`hms a e`jrgsms, qua pghal mhqu`r`r mspaotg quacg`hamfg, goms`gfmr ratrmâñas a rastr`âïg ha lgv`laftgs.

=0

 

 

]uacg`ha G à ulm hm casïg prgc`earmt`vm, egrlmhm pgr `fh`v`humc tao`hg ha o`omtr`zmâïg, e`jrgsg, saoufhír`m ulquacg`ha trmulmt`slg paca. Kí ulm prah`spgs`âïg pmrm g sau mpmrao`laftg, safhgm lm`s oglul al fabrgs a last`âgs. M mofa hg trgfog pgha hmr gr`bal m casñas quacg`hamfms (mofa quacg`hamfg) a tmljàl ul t`pg ha egc`ouc`ta qua gogrra fm fuom (egc`ouc`ta quacg`hamfm). Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hg quacg`h quacg`ha a G quacg`ha à ulm casïg tulgrmc, ha supareìo`a c`sm a ogfs`stäfo`m afhurao`hm. Fg `fìo`g, barmclafta tal ogr rÿsam gu mvarlackmhm mhqu`r`fhg, lm`s tmrha, ogr salackmfta î paca fgrlmc gu asourao`hm. M rab`ïg mftar`gr hg tÿrmx a gs gljrgs sïg cgomc`zmâïg eraquafta ha quacg`has.

pmssmr hg talpg.

H`eara hms o`omtr`zas k`partrÿe`oms, fms qum`s g mulaftmhg fïg axoaha m cgomc`zmâïg hg trmulmt`slg a tao`hg tafha o`omtr`o`mc m sa rahuz`r ogl g

Aeàc`has gu smrhms Ms smrhms sïg lmfokms omusmhms pacg mulaftg hm lacmf`fm (p`blaftg qua hí ogr î paca) fm paca. Ax`sta ulm tafhäfo`m eml`c`mr a surbal pr`fo`pmclafta fms passgms ha paca ocmrm (egtgt`pg @ a @@) a ru`vms. _ïg omusmhms pacm axpgs`âïg ogft`fumhm hm paca mg sgc a tafhal m asouraoar lm`s hurmfta g varïg. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hms aeàc`has Ms smrhms sa cgomc`zml pr`fo`pmclafta fgs cgom`s hm paca lm`s mt`fb`hgs pgr qua`lmhurms sgcmras, oglg m emoa, gljrgs a ogcg. _ïg lmfokms

mrrahgfhmhms gu baglàtr`oms ha ogr omstmfkg gu lmrrgl.

_`r`fbglm _`r`fbglm à ul tulgr jaf`bfg har`vmhg hgs huotgs ha bcêfhucms suhgrìpmrms. M tafhäfo`m mg surb`laftg à bafàt`om a mt`fba pr`fo`pmclafta ms luckaras. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hg s`r`fb s`r`fbglm glm

M hgafâm omrmotar`zm-sa pacm egrlmâïg ha casñas paquafms (: m 1 ll), hm ogr hm paca gu mlmracmhms, ul pguog acavmhms a ha ogfs`stäfo`m cavalafta afhurao`hm. Cgomc`zml-sa praearafo`mclafta fms pícpajrms a rab`ñas mg rahgr hgs gckgs. Fïg mprasaftml qumcquar s`ftglm mssgo`mhg. ^ghal sar pguoms gu al brmfha fôlarg.

:>

 

 

 Uarrubm U`rmc Ms varrubms v`rm`s sïg casñas omusmhms pacg pmp`cglmvìrus kulmfg (K^U). _ïg mutg `fgoucíva`s (pghal mt`fb`hms) sa h`ssal`fmr pacm paca pacg mtrmvàs hg ogftmtg hmspassgms casñas ogl írams ms. fïg a trmfsl`t`hms ogftmtg h`ratg ogl ogftml`fmh ogftml`fmhms.

[mftacmslm _ïg casñas outêfams hm rab`ïg pmcpajrmc prgvgomhms pacg hapÿs`tg ha c`pìhags (bgrhurm) fm paca. ^ghal astmr racmo`gfmhgs ogl mctarmâñas hgs c`pìhags smfbuìfags lms tmljàl pghal sar haogrraftas mpafms ha mctarmâñas cgom`s hg latmjgc`slg hms bgrhurms. Lmf`eastmâñas ocìf`oms hg xmftacmslm

Mt`fbal ms rab`ñas pmcpajrm`s supar`gras a/gu `fear`gras. qua Ms casñas sïgmgpcmfms tal ogfs`stäfo`m lm`s afhurao`hm m paca rahgr.a mlmracmhms Fïg omusmla qumcquar s`ftglm cgomc a g `foølghg à mpafms astàt`og.

Ogcmbafgsa M ogcmbafgsa à ul brupg ha hgafâms mutg`lufa racmo`gfmhms î prghuâïg axoass`vm gu hae`o`afta hms e`jrms ha ogcíbafg qua pghal mt`fb`r vír`gs ÿrbïgs a s`stalms oglg puclïg, vmsgs smfbuìfags a tao`hgs c`feít`ogs, pgr axalpcg. Mcbulms hgafâms qua astïg racmo`gfmhms î ogcmbafgsa sïg4 pfaulgf`m h`eusm, k`partafsïg puclgfmr, mrtr`ta raulmtg`ha, asocargsa s`stäl`om, côpus a sìfhrgla ha _dgbraf.

:=

 

 

^g`qu`cgharl`m ha O`vmtta M pg`qu`cgharl`m ha O`vmtta qua à ulm ogfh`âïg omrmotar`zmhm pgr mulaftg hm p`blaftmâïg hm paca (k`parp`blaftmâïg), mpmrao`laftg ha paquafms va`ms supare`o`m`s (tacmfb`aotms`ms) a mtrge`m hm paca qua moglata prahgl`fmftalafta g pasogâg, ogcg a m emoa ha egrlm s`làtr`om, qua moglata gs mhuctgs. M rab`ïg hg qua`xg à pgupmhm. M sum gogrräfo`m à mssgo`mhm î prah`spgs`âïg bafàt`om, î axpgs`âïg oulucmt`vm mg sgc, mg prgoassg ha afvackao`laftg, î k`parsafs`j`c`hmha ha ogftmtg a m emtgras kgrlgfm`s.

Zubms a c`fkms ha axprassïg Oglg g fgla dí h`z Zubms gu C`fkms ha Axprassïg sïg ogftrmâñas vgcuftír`ms rapat`hms hm lusoucmturm qua `rïg egrlmr c`fkms ha mogrhg ogl m axprassïg ea`tm pacm passgm. Ms rubms pghal sar ocmss`e`omhms al h`fêl`oms a astít`oms. Ms h`fêl`oms gogrral ha mogrhg mogrhg ogl g lgv`laftg ea`tg ea`tg fg rgstg. Ms astít`oms gogrral pgr afvackao`laftg hm paca. Mcàl hg emtgr afvackao`laftg, ms rubms pgharïg mpmraoar tmljàl pgr omusm hm bafàt`om, emtgras mlj`aftm`s, kíj`tgs ha v`hm gu kgrløf`gs. kgrløf`gs. M ecmo`haz ha paca à ulm hms pmtgcgb`ms lm`s tal`hms pacms passgms qumfhg g mssuftg à astàt`og. @ssg pgrqua sum raogfst`tu`âïg hapafha ha trmtmlaftgs ogfdubmhgs.

Ecmo`haz Lms m h`e`ouchmha hassm raogfst`tu`âïg astí axpc`omhm qumfhg astuhmlgs sgjra m e`s`gcgb`m hassm mctarmâïg. M lah`hm qua g talpg pmssm, fgssms e`jrms ha ogcíbafg a acmst`fm vïg parhafhg egrâm al sum prghuâïg, pgr `ssg `rí gogrrar ulm hasastruturmâïg hms laslm. X`pgs ha Ecmo`haz Ecmo`haz Lusoucmr4 ^rgeufhm qumfhg mt`fba m lusoucmturm Ecmo`haz X`ssucmr (paca)4 _upare`o`mc qua à m ecmo`haz qua mt`fba mpafms m fìvac hàrl`og. M ecmo`haz X`ssucmr à omrmotar`zmhm pgr ergux`hïg hms e`jrms ha ogcíbafg a acmst`fm surb`fhg pgr lgt`vgs ha axoassg ha axpgs`âïg sgcmr, brmv`haz, aea`tg smfegfm a g prÿpr`g

afvackao`laftg fmturmc hm paca. M ecmo`haz lusoucmr astí barmclafta mssgo`mhg m emctm ha mt`v`hmha eìs`om, mcàl hg afvackao`la afvackao`laftg ftg fmturmc. Assas hg`s t`pgs pghal gogrrar `sgcmhmlafta gu al ogfduftg. ::

 

 

Astr`ms M hae`f`âïg jís`om pmrm ms tïg `fhasadíva`s astr`ms à rglp`laftg hm paca a cgbg sum o`omtr`zmâïg. qua fm prít`om à jal lm`s oglpcaxg qua `ssg. mpÿs Lms pgha-sa h`zar quaOcmrg astr`ms gogrral mss`l. Assm pmtgcgb`m fïg asogcka saxg. saxg. Gogrra al kglafs a luckaras. Xal ul pguog ha `fecuäfo`m fm karah`tmr`ahmha. Kgrløf`gs tmljàl pghal cavmr m oucpm pmrm g mpmrao`laftg hassm pmtgcgb`m. M egrlmâïg hm astr`m gogrra qumfhg kí ul ast`rmlaftg axoass`vg hm paca uctrmpmssmfhg sum ompmo`hmha ha h`stafsïg. Ms e`jrms sa rglpal a sums jgrhms egrlml ulm c`fkm hapr`l`hm mg o`omtr`zmr. Gs cubmras hg ogrpg lm`s oglufs pmrm g mpmrao`laftg hm pmtgcgb`m sïg bcôtags, sa`gs, mjhølaf a `ftarfg ha qumhrìoaps. Lm`s pgha kmvar g surb`laftg al cubmras `foglufs oglg ogstms, pgstar`gr ha pgpcìtags, bmstrgofäl`ogs, tÿrmx a jìoaps. ]umfhg kí g rglp`laftg hms astr`ms acms mpmraoal oglg r`sogs mvarlackmhgs fm paca. Lu`tms vazas pmraoa ul –mrrmfkïg“. @ssg gogrra pacg rglp`laftg hgs vmsgs smfbuìfa gs. Gs trmtmlaftgs `f`o`mhgs fassm emsa täl lackgras rasuctmhgs. Ms astr`mshahalacmf`fm ogcgrmâïgcgomc jrmfom lm`s mft`bms. tglulm pgrqua fïg kíhglm`s prghuâïg mpÿs sïg g rglp`laftg hms E`oml e`jrms. fassa Egrlml haprassïg t`pg o`omtr`z a gs trmtmlaftgs `f`o`mhgs fassm emsa ogfsabual mpafms astra`tí-cms.

Afvackao`laftg outêfag G afvackao`laftg hm paca tal jms`omlafta hg`s oglpgfaftas4 g afvackao`laftg `ftrìfsaog, haogrrafta hm pmssmbal fmturmc hg talpg a g afvackao`laftg axtrìfsaog, prgvgomhg pgr emtgras mlj`aftm`s qua `ftarmbal ogl m paca. Haftra acas, g lm`s ogfkao`hg à g okmlmhg egtgafvackao`laftg, egtgafvacka o`laftg, omusmhg pacm axpgs`âïg axpgs`âïg mg sgc. G afvackao`laftg `ftrìfsaog (orgfgcÿb`og) moglpmfkm g prgoassg gogrr`hg tmljàl ogl gutrgs ÿrbïgs h`mfta hm habafarmâïg fmturmc hg ogrpg a fïg tal racmâïg ogl emtgras mlj`aftm`s. Ogl g pmssmr hgs mfgs, ms oàcucms h`l`fual sum ompmo`hmha ha rafgvmâïg a om` hrmst`omlafta m prghuâïg hms e`jrms ha ogcíbafg a acmst`fm, qua ogfearal e`rlazm a tgf`o`hmha. Mss`l, Mmlafgr paca parha acmst`o`hmha a sa suhgrìpmrms tgrfm lm`s tgrfm e`fm am ecío`hm, pmssmfhg mprasaftmr rubms. mt`v`hmha hms bcêfhucms paca lm`s saom, a mm h`l`fu`âïg hm l`orgo`roucmâïg smfbuìfam rahuz sum v`tmc`hmha a cul`fgs`hmha. Mcàl h`ssg, aeatumlgs tghgs gs h`ms lm`s ha =.1>> ogftrmâñas emo`m`s, qua lmroml m ap`harla fm egrlm ha c`fkms e`fms a rubms ha axprassïg. G prgoassg ha afvackao`laftg orgfgcÿb`og moaftum ms rubms ha axprassïg, qua tafhal m e`omr lm`s prgeufhms a lmromhms. Dí g egtgafvacka egtgafvackao`laftg o`laftg tal omrmotarìst`oms qua g h`earafo`ml hg afvackao`l afvackao`laftg aftg orgfgcÿb`og hm paca. Mpafms m paca qua eg` orgf`omlafta axpgstm î rmh`mâïg QU à qua mprasaftmrí gs s`fm`s hg egtgafvackao`laftg (írams hm paca qua ogstulml sar ogjartms pacms rgupms gu prgtab`hms hg sgc fïg mprasaftml tm`s s`fm`s). Mg pafatrmral fm harla, gs rm`gs uctrmv`gcatms prgvgoml quajrm hms e`jrms ogcíbafms. _a fm duvaftuha m paca ogfsabua ogrr`b`r fmturmclafta assms mctarmâñas prgvgomhms pacg sgc, fm lmtur`hmha dí fïg à lm`s pgssìvac ravartar gs hmfgs. Ogfegrla g talpg pmssm, m paca `fogrratmlafta raogfstruìhm egrlm rubms a mhqu`ra ul mspaotg –ourt`hg“, mprasaftmfhg lmfokms momstmfkmhms.  Umca caljrmr qua gs aea`tgs prgvgomhgs pacm axpgs`âïg mg sgc sïg oulucmt`vgs. Ast`lm-sa qua raoajalgs ;>% ha tghm m rmh`mâïg sgcmr hm v`hm mtà gs =; mfgs, a gs hmfgs omusmhg pacgs :?

 

 

axoassgs fm `feêfo`m a mhgcasoäfo`m sÿ sarïg paroaj`hgs mfgs hapg`s. Hmì m `lpgrtêfo` ` lpgrtêfo`mm ha sa ast`lucmr g usg hg prgtatgr sgcmr hasha oahg. M paca egtgafvackao`hm h`eara s`bf`e`omt`vmlafta hm paca qua aferaftgu mpafms g afvackao`laftg orgfgcÿb`og. Afqumftg ulm paca afvackao`hm pacm pmssmbal hg talpg mprasaftm taxturm lm`s c`sm, c`ba`rmlafta mtrge`mhm, ogl rubms h`soratms a sal lmfokms, m paca egtgafvackao`hm talocíss supareìo`a lm`s ísparm a aspassm, hackao`laftg lmfokms ha rubms moaftumhms. Qlm egrlm ocíss`om `om ha sa mtastmr m axtafsïg hg rapcatm egtgafva egtgafvackao`laft g àa oglpmrmr g mspaotg ha ulm pmrta hg ogrpg lm`s axpgstm î rmh`mâïg sgcmr (oglg g rgstg gu ms lïgs) a ha gutrm lm`s prgtab`hm, oglg mjhgla. M h`earafâm aftra mljms à lmromfta. Gutrgs emtgras mlj`aftm`s racmo`gfmhgs mg afvackao`laftg axtrìfsaog hm paca sïg gs racmo`gfmhgs î prghuâïg ha rmh`om`s c`vras, oglg tmjmb`slg, ogfsulg axmbarmhg ha ícoggc a astrassa. Mhgtmr ul ast`cg ha v`hm smuhívac, ogl g ogftrgca hg astrassa, m prít`om ha axaroìo`gs eìs`ogs a mc`laftmâïg jmcmfoamhm, r`om al vabatm`s a mc`laftgs mft`gx`hmftas ‟  qua ogfsabual rahuz`r m ogfoaftrmâïg ha rmh`om`s c`vras ‟  sïg prít`oms qua, mg cmhg hm prgtaâïg sgcmr, ogftr`jual pmrm pravaf`r g afvacka afvackao`laftg o`laftg axtrìfsaog.

8. X`pgs ha ^aca

Mpasmr ha tghms ms pacas pmraoaral salackmftas hg pgftg ha v`stm mfmtøl`og, eufo`gfmc a j`gquìl`og, ax`stal brmfhas vmr`mâñas aftra acms, qua faoassmr`mlafta täl ha sar cavmhms al ogftm fm egrlucmâïg ha prghutgs ogslàt`ogs, fgs rasuctmhgs a hurmj`c`hmha hg Dmtg ha pcmslm. Gs pr`fo`pm`s emtgras hatarl`fmftas hg t`pg ha paca sïg4 m qumft`hmha ha íbum (qua `fecuafo`m m acmst`o`hmha), m qumft`hmha ha c`pìhags (qua `fecuafo`m m futr`âïg a m sumv`hmha) a g fìvac ha safs`j`c`hmha (qua `fecuafo`m m ras`stäfo`m hm paca). Gs t`pgs ha paca lm`s oglufs sïg4 ^ACA FGZLMC GQ AQHÀZL@OM Xal supareìo`a c`sm, ecaxìvac, cujr`e`omhm a ulahao`hm, mprasaftm pgrgs pguog v`sìva`s a mspaotg rgsmhg. Kí ul aqu`cìjr`g aftra g ogftaôhg kìhr`og a g ogftaôhg c`pìh`og, qua rasuctm al ulm paca sal `lparea`âñas a ogl ul fìvac mhaqumhg ha safs`j`c`hmha. Fassa t`pg ha paca, g mpmrao`laftg ha rubms à vmr`ívac a astms sïg lm`s `ftafsms fm rab`ïg hgs gckgs. ^ACA _AOM GQ MCÌ^@OM Hav`hg m emtgras bafàt`ogs, kgrlgfm`s gu mlj`aftm`s, oglg vaftg gu rmh`mâïg sgcmr, assa t`pg ha paca mprasaftm saoraâïg sajíoam `fsue`o`afta, tal pgrgs prmt`omlafta `fv`sìva`s a fafkulm cul`fgs`hmha, mcàl ha m paca sar ísparm a sal ecax`j`c`hmha. À ulm paca safsìvac a, fïg rmrg, mprasaftm lmfokms mvarlackmhms. Xal lm`gr tafhäfo`m mg mpmrao`laftg ha rubms. Qlm paca axtralmlafta saom pgha hasomlmr pr`fo`pmclafta fms ogstms hm lïg a fg cmhg axtar`gr hgs jrmâgs, hgs mftajrmâgs a hms parfms.

:8

 

 

^ACA GCAG_M GQ BZM[M ^gr omusm hg mulaftg hm saoraâïg sajíoam, assa t`pg ha paca mprasaftm mspaotg custrgsg gu afbgrhurmhg, pgrgs h`cmtmhgs, taxturm lm`s aspassm a tafhäfo`m m egrlmr mofas a oglahñas. M gcags`hmha à vmr`ívac, safhg omusmhm pacm k`parmt`v`hmha hms bcêfhucms sajíoams, qua prghuzal lm`s sajg hg qua g faoassír`g al haogrräfo`m ha emtgras kgrlgfm`s (pujarhmha a mctarmâñas kgrlgfm`s) gu axtarfgs, oglg astrassa, g usg ha hatarl`fmhgs lah`omlaftgs a axpgs`âïg mg omcgr gu î ul`hmha axoass`vm. Mprasaftm lafgr tafhäfo`m mg mpmrao`laftg ha rubms a ha c`fkms c `fkms ha axprassïg. ^ACA L@_XM À ulm oglj`fmâïg ha paca gcagsm fm zgfm oaftrmc hg rgstg a paca saom fms jgokaokms. Mprasaftm fgrlmclafta pgrgs h`cmtmhgs fg fmr`z, fm tastm a fg laftg, tafhg ulm gcags`hmha lm`s `ftafsm ogl tafhäfo`m m egrlmr ormvgs fassm íram (zgfm X). Fm rab`ïg hms jgokaokms, kí paca fgrlmc gu saom, ogl mpmrao`laftg ha rubms vmr`ívac.

 1. Egtgt`pg hm paca ^gr qua ms passgms täl tgfs ha paca h`earaftas7 M ogr hm paca astí racmo`gfmhm m ulm sàr`a ha emtgras, m ogr fmturmc hm paca pgha sar ocmss`e`omhm ha hums egrlms4  

M ogr ogfst`tut`vm hm paca à karhmhm bafat`omlafta, sal `ftarearäfo`m hm rmh`mâïg sgcmr, pgrtmftg, ogfstmfta. Fassa omsg, gs emtgras bafàt`ogs hatarl`fml a mtuml al tghms ms atmpms hm lacmfgbäfasa, egrfaoafhg ms omrmotarìst`oms aspaoìe`oms mgs lacmfgssglgs pacgs bafas ha p`blaftmâïg. Mss`l, hg`s oglpgfaftas ha p`blaftmâïg ogfst`tual m ogr hm paca. M ogr ogfst`tut`vm hm paca à m lacmf`fm jís`om karhmhm bafat`omlafta a sal

‟  a, pgrtmftg, ogfstmfta. M sìftasa hasta t`pg ha `ftarearäfo`m rmh`mâïgpacm sgcmr p`blaftmâïg p`blaftmâï g àhmogftrgcmhm t`rgs`fmsa.   M ogr emouctmt`vm hm paca à ravarsìvac a pgha sar `fhuz`hm. Acm rasuctm hm axpgs`âïg sgcmr, pgha sar pgr jrgfzamlaftg `lah`mtg gu tmrh`g a `focus`va pgha mctarmr m ogr ogfst`tut`vm hm paca.

G egtgt`pg @ a @@  sïg gs lacmfg-oglprglat`hgs, mprasaftmfhg ul r`sog acavmhg a lu`tg acavmhg ha qua`lmhurm sgcmr. G egtgt`pg @@@ a @U  sïg gs lacmfg-oglpataftas, mprasaftmfhg ul r`sog lm`s jm`xg ha qua`lmhurm sgcmr, lms m`fhm mss`l racavmfta. G egtgt`pg U a U@  sïg gs lacmfg-prgtab`hgs, lms f`fbuàl astí c`vra ha tar prgjcalms a oglg tmc, hava salpra mpgstmr fm pravafâïg. G egtgt`pg @@@, v`m ha rabrm, tal tafhäfo`m m lmokms, mss`l m ja`rm eìs`om hg p`blaftg mux`c`m fm l`f`l`zmâïg hg prgjcalm.

:1

 

 

Egtgt`pgs ha paca ‟  Ocmss`e`omâïg  Ocmss`e`omâïg ha E`tzpmtr`oi M lm`s emlgsm ocmss`e`omâïg hgs egtgt`pgs outêfags à m asomcm E`tzpmtr`oi, or`mhm al =025 pacg làh`og fgrtamlar`omfg Xkglms J. E`tzpmtr`oi. Aca ocmss`e`ogu m paca al egtgt`pgs ha ul m sa`s, m pmrt`r hm ompmo`hmha ha omhm passgm al sa jrgfzamr, mss`l oglg, safs`j`c`hmha a varlack`hïg qumfhg axpgstm mg sgc.

5. Mprasaftmâïg ^rge`ss`gfmc   Xrmjmckmlgs prglgvafhg smôha a jacazm, pgrtmftg m aqu`pa hava astmr salpra mtaftm ogl m sum mprasaftmâïg passgmc. G usg hm vast`laftm mhaqumhm à ulm earrmlaftm ae`o`afta pmrm mpr`lgrmr m oucturm hg jgl bgstg a hm `lmbal mhaqumhm pmrm m sum alprasm. Ogl `ssg, lmftafkm g sau uf`egrla ìftabrg a c`lpg. _ubastïg ha Qf`egrla a ogl lmfbms cgfbms (à prg`j`hg o`roucmr egrm hg mlj`afta ha trmjmckg   Dmcaog oglpr`hg ogl g laslg).   Jcusm jrmfom gu pratm.   Omcâm jrmfom gu pratm.   _mpmtg eaokmhg, pratg gu jrmfog, ha ogurg a sal smctg.   ^rg`j`hg g usg ha ogcmras, mfà`s, racÿb`g a pucsa`rms.   Jr`fogs paquafgs a h`soratgs. _ubastïg ha Lmqu`mbal   _gljrm ocmrm al tgfs tarrgsgs a gpmogs.   Ogrrat`vg.   Jmsa.   ^ÿ oglpmotg.

Cíp`s gckgs pratg (gpo`gfmc). Zìlac ha pratg.   Jcusk.    

:5

 

 

 

Jmtgl ogr ha jgom gu fuha, varlackg lmtta gu gpmog. (prg`j`hg g usg ha bcgss a e`omr sal jmtgl).

^mrm m ogrraâïg aeat`vm hms gcka`rms, usg hgs jmtgfs a hac`famhgras4 m rabrm pr`fo`pmc à m aogfgl`m al omhm emtgr. Qsa hapg`s ou`hmhgs, haca pmssampc`qua ulm jmsa fg rgstg a pÿ, tuhg ha egrlm jmstmfta h`soratm. Mpÿsogrrat`vg, assas pr`la`rgs ul jcusk. Fm kgrm ha mpc`omr g jcusk, m cavazm hava `lparmr, qumcquar axmbarg sarí paroaptìvac. Qlm sgljrm fautrm hava mrralmtmr g v`sumc. Omjacgs Omjacgs salpra mc`fkmhgs a c`lpgs, pghafhg usmr prasg gu sgctg, safhg g omjacg sgctg _GLAFXA egrm hm smcm ha mtafh`laftg, qumfhg ast`var mtafhafhg, gs laslgs tal qua astmr prasgs, ogfegrla gr`aftmâïg mjm`xg4 ^rasgs4  prafhar gs omjacgs tgtmclafta pmrm trís, lmftar g mc`fkmhg, ogl trmfâm gu ogl rmjg ha omvmcg mctg gu ogqua mctg, jal fg tgpg hm omjaâm. Ogfegrla subastïg mjm`xg4 Xrmfâm

Zmjg ha Omvmcg

Ogqua

_ubastïg ha ufkms Qfkms ourtms _AL^ZA, ogl aslmctas ha ogras ocmrms, lmftar g aslmcta ìftabrg, fïg usmr hasafkgs. Fïg à parl`t`hg m prge`ss`gfmc e`omr ogl g aslmcta hasomsomhg. _grr`sg fg rgstg salpra, aca à m fgssm lackgr lmqu`mbal.

2. J`gssaburmfâm a U`b`cêfo`m _mf`tír`m   Xrmtm-sa ha ul mssuftg lu`tg `lpgrtmfta, lms qua `feac`zlafta m`fhm à hasogfkao`hg pmrm mcbufs prge`ss`gfm`s. M j`gssaburmfâm raquar mtafâïg a ogfso`äfo`m pmrm mâñas ha pravafâïg ha hgafâms fg mlj`afta ha trmjmckg. H`mfta ha ulm ramc`hmha gfha g laromhg hm jacazm fïg pmrm ha orasoar, havalgs rahgjrmr m mtafâïg a ou`hmhg fassa saft`hg. M c`lpazm a has`feaoâïg hg mlj`afta ha trmjmckg haval sar h`ír`ms, mctarfmfhg gs prghutgs ut`c`zmhgs pmrm qua gs l`orgrbmf`slgs l`orgrbmf`slgs fïg sa prgc`earal a hasafvgcvml ras`stäfo`m. Xghg astmjacao`laftg hava raspa`tmr a sa mhaqumr î cab`scmâïg smf`tír`m v`bafta. Ha mogrhg ogl g haoratg fg :?.0=1 hm OGU@_M (U`b`cêfo`m _mf`tír`m Luf`o`pmc), gs prge`ss`gfm`s ha jacazm haval sabu`r ms sabu`ftas fgrlms smf`tír`ms4   Hava tar c`xa`rm ogl pahmc a smog pcíst`og pmrm hasomrta ha lmtar`mc ogftml`fmhg, cmvmtÿr`g ogl smjgfata cìqu`hg a pmpac tgmckm.   Lmom ogl supareìo`a c`sm gu cmvívac, egrrmhm ha cafâgc XFX gu pmpac ras`stafta. (Xghgs hasomrtíva`s hasomrtíva `s a haval sar trgomhgs m omhm mtafh` mtafh`laftg)9 laftg)9 :2

 

 

Lasm mux`c`mr (omrr`fkg) ogl supareìo`a c`sm a cmvívac, egrrmhm ogl pmpac hasomrtívac a hava sar hasomrtmhg m omhm mtafh`laftg9   Xguoms, lísomrms a cuvms haval sar hasomrtíva`s9   G prge`ss`gfmc hava usmr _mpmtg eaokmhg a omjacgs prasgs9   G prge`ss`gfmc hava emzar usg ha dmcaogs pmrm prgoah`laftgs9  

Qsg ha om`xms hasomrpmoi pmrm hasomrta ha pareurg ogrtmfta ha lmfa`rm mhaqumhm. Làtghgs ha astar`c`zmâïg a hasogftml` hasogftml`fmâïg4 fmâïg4 Ogl g `ftu`tg ha l`f`l`zmr gs r`sogs ha trmfsl`ssïg ha hgafâms mhqu`r`hms pacg ogftmtg ogl smfbua a luogsms, trmtmralgs ha lghg s`lpcas a ocmrg, axpc`omâïg ha qum`s sïg assms hgafâms, sum egrlm ha trmfsl`ssïg a pravafâïg, bmrmft`fhg mss`l mgs prge`ss`gfm`s ul mtafh`laftg saburg a ha qumc`hmha.  

Gs ou`hmhgs ogl gs `fstrulaftm`s `fstrulaftm`s Xghgs gs `fstrulaftgs ut`c`zmhgs havarïg sar prav`mlafta c`lpgs has`featmhgs a astar`c`zmhgs, ogfegrla `fh`omâïg pmrm omhm t`pg ha lmtar`mc, ogl m `ftafâïg ha sa av`tmr g ogftíb`g hms hgafâms qua v`lgs mftar`grlafta. C`lpazm -  à g prgoassg fg qumc m ralgâïg hm suda`rm a hg lmu ghgr à ea`tm ogl íbum

ogrrafta a smjïg Has`feaoâïg -  àgughatarbafta. prgoassg ha hastru`âïg ha l`org grbmf`slgs al egrlms vabatmt`vm, lah`mfta m mpc`omâïg ha mbaftas eìs`ogs gu quìl`ogs. Astar`c`zmâïg   prgoassg ha hastru`âïg ha tghms ms egrlms ha v`hm l`orgj`mfm h`mfta hm mpc`omâïg ha mbaftas eìs`ogs a quìl`ogs, oglg g usg ha astuems gu mutgocmva. ‟

Xghgs gs `fstrulaft `fstrulaftgs gs ha latm`s oglg p`fâms, tasgurms, pgrtm t`ftm a gutrgs9 haval sabu`r g asqualm pmssmfhg pacg prgoassg ha c`lpazm, has`feaoâïg a astar`c`zmâïg. ^rgoassg ha astar`c`zmâïg G prgoassg havarí gogrrar hm sabu`fta lmfa`rm4 =- Zamc`zmr m c`lpazm/has c`lpazm/has`feaoâïg, `feaoâïg, ut`c`zmfhg smjïg gu hatarbafta, hatarbafta, ogcgomfhg-g al rao`p`afta axocus`vg axocus`v g pmrm asta e`l, alarb`hg pgr l`futgs9 :- Afxmbumr al íbum ogrrafta, saomr ogl pmfg c`lpg gu pmpac tgmckm9

?mutgocmva =kgrm m ulm talparmtu talparmturm rm ha =2>¾ O sal `ftarrupâïg9 8- Ogcgomr Fïg mjr`rfmm astuem astuem gu hurmfta asta pgr parìghg9 1- Zat`rmr ms paâms hm astuem a ogcgoí-cms al ulm om`xm (pcíst`om gu latm) eaokmhm. ^mrm m mutgocmva, ramc`zmr ms atmpms ha c`lpazm a has`feaoâïg a ogcgomr g lmtar`mc c`lpg a saog al aljmcmbafs ha pmpac ha brmu o`rôrb`og a ogcgomr fm mutgocmva pmrm astar`c`zmâïg. À `lpgrtmfta sabu`r g lmtar`mc hg aqu`pmlaftg pmrm sau lmfusa`g a ut`c`zmr `fh`omhgr ha astar`c`zmâïg salmfmclafta salmfmclafta.. Ms paâms qua egral ha lmtar`mc pcíst`og (jmo`m, aspítucms) havarïg sar has`featmhgs `lah`mtmlafta mpÿs g usg er`oo`gfmfhg-gs ogl ícoggc m 2>% a pmpac tgmckm.

:;

 

 

;. Mtafh`laftg mg oc`afta Zaoajafhg g oc`afta Lmftafkm ulm aqu`pa ha mtafh`laftg jal tra`fmhm4 tacaegf`stm, raoapo`gf`stm, afe`l, tghgs qua ast`varal afvgcv`hgs ogl m parlmfäfo`m hg oc`afta al sum ocìf`om a qua ha mcbulm

egrlm mcbul ogftmtg ogl aca jal oglg fg qua mftaoaha, a qua afvgcvatarïg g mbafhmlaftg a pràv`m hm hurmfta okabmhmassa haca parìghg, mg sau astmjacao`laftg. astmjacao `laftg. Gr`afta qua saus ogcmjgrmhgras a vgoä tmljàl, ocmrg, sadml ogrh`m`s, sgcìo`tgs, h`spgfìva`s pmrm asocmraoar tghg t`pg ha hôv`hm qua pgssm surb`r. ^rapmrmfhg g mlj`afta m lj`afta M smcm ha mtafh`laftg hava astmr c`lpm a prapmrmhm (oc`lmt`zmhm, sgl mlj`afta a oka`rg mbrmhívac) mftas ha g oc`afta sar afoml`fkmhg pmrm m mpc`omâïg hg prgtgogcg ha trmtmlaftg, `ssg emz pmrta hm prít`om jís`om ha j`gssaburmfâm al omj`fa. Caljra-sa ha dí ha`xmr g cafâgc trgomhg a ha prapmrmr gs lmtar`m`s hasomrtíva`s a oujatms fg omrr`fkg mux`c`mr, ogl eío`c moassg. _a g prgtgogcg ogftalpcmr g usg ha mpmrackgs, acas haval astmr prav`mlafta `fstmcmhgs a tastmhgs, pmrm bmrmft`r g ogrratg eufo`gfmlaftg hurmfta m ramc`zmâïg hg prgoah`laftg. Mvmc`mâïg hg oc`afta ^mrm mjgrhmr sgjra m mvmc`mâïg hg oc`afta, emcmralgs tmljàl sgjra g ogfoa`tg ha astàt`om kulmf`zmhm. Omhm sar kulmfg à ôf`og a laraoa sar trmtmhg oglg tmc, `focus`va qumfhg emcmlgs ha trmtmlaftgs astàt`ogs, qua haval sar parsgfmc`zmhgs ha mogrhg ogl ms faoass`hmhas a omrmotarìst`oms ha omhm `fh`vìhug, cavmfhg al ogfs`harmâïg tmljàl g sau k`stÿr`og racmo`gfmhg î mctarmâïg `fastàt`om al quastïg, pgss`j`c`tmfhg mg prge`ss`gfmc ha smôha astàt`om sar lm`s mssart`vg fm asogckm hgs prghutgs a prgoah`laftgs m saral ut`c`zmhgs fg trmtmlaftg, okabmfhg m rasuctmhgs lackgras a lm`s smt`semtÿr`gs pmrm saus oc`aftas.

A oglg ogfkaoar g oc`afta à eufhmlaftmc, prao`smlgs ha ul `fstrulaftg aspaoìe`og pmrm emzar assa cavmftmlaftg ha `fegrlmâñas pmrm ulm mvmc`mâïg prao`sm a ul mtafh`laftg parsgfmc`zmhg. Mì à qua aftrm g ^rgftuír`g Astàt`og (fgssm vackm ogfkao`hm e`okm ha mfmlfasa, oglg m`fhm à okmlmhm pgr mcbufs prge`ss`gfm`s hm íram). Omhm mctarmâïg astàt`om tal sums aspao`e`o`hmhas, pgrtmftg,î prao`sm ha prgftuír`gs h`earafo`mhgs, ogl oc`afta. parbuftms aspaoìe`oms, pmrm qua sa okabua parsgfmc`zmâïg hgs prgtgogcgs pmrm omhm G prgftuír`g sarva oglg ul `fstrulaftg lm`s qumc`e`omhg fm prít`om ocìf`om pmrm m ogcatm ha hmhgs, mvmc`mâïg a ogfhuâïg hg mtafh`laftg. Ogl `ssg e`om pmrm trís g mft`bg ogfoa`tg ha –pmogtas“ ha mtafh`laftg, lu`tms vazas hatarl`fmhgs pgr rab`ñas hg ogrpg, gu mquacas prgtgogcgs –afbassmhgs“, qua fïg parl`tal

vmr`mâñas, g qua momjm safhg praduh`o`mc pmrm g oc`afta a pmrm g rasuctmhg hg trmtmlaftg al s`. Mpc`omfhg g prgftuír`g astàt`og a mfmc`smfhg omhm omsg, g prge`ss`gfmc pgharí, m pmrt`r hassm mvmc`mâïg prao`sm, gearaoar ul prgtgogcg aspaoìe`og, mhaqumhg a mhmptmhg pmrm ms pmrt`oucmr`hmhas a faoass`hmhas ha omhm oc`afta.

:0

 

 

0. Hgoulaftmâïg egtgbríe`om G suoassg hgs trmtmlaftgs fïg `fvms`vgs sÿ pgha sar hgoulaftmhg ha egrlm ogfv`foafta pgr la`g ha egtgbrme`ms. À pgr `ssg qua ms `lmbafs pmhrgf`zmhms hgs pmo`aftas sïg lu`tg `lpgrtmftas. Mcàl ha ogftr`ju`r pmrm m e`hac`hmha hgs oc`aftas fg omsg ha trmtmlaftgs prgcgfbmhgs, qua g oc`afta moglpmfkm avgcuâïghg hgsarv`âg trmtmlaftg, `lmbafs saquafo`m`s hg trmtmlaftgdírab`strmhms emzal pmrta hm mqumc`hmha a sïg ms ôta`s fg omsg ha c`tìb`g, o`roufstêfo`m qua fïg hava sar hasogfs`harmhm. hasogfs`harmhm. ^mssg m pmssg pmrm ulm hgoulaftmâïg egtgbríe`om mhaqumhm mhaqumhm44 Ogl g oc`afta ogl m paca c`lpm a saom, Egtgbrmemr g rgstg ogl axprassïg emo`mc fautrm, fms pgs`âñas4 Erafta, pgs`âïg gjcìqum h`ra`tm a asquarhm, pare`c h`ra`tg a asquarhg, al tghms ms egtgs g pmo`afta hava e`omr saftmhg ogl m ogcufm aratm a gs pàs pmrm egrm hm lmom gu al cgomc mprgpr`mhg, ha praearäfo`m ogl g eufhg jrmfog gu fautrg, safhg g oc`afta saftmhg gu al pà ogl m ogcufm aratm.

Zaoglafhm-sa hae`f`r ul mlj`afta e`xg, gu pacg lafgs pmrta haca, c`vra ha `cul`fmâïg sgcmr h`ratm, hava-sa pmhrgf`zmr pmhrgf`zmr m h`stêfo`m h`stêfo`m,, g mdusta ha cuz, m cgomc`zmâïg a g êfbucg sacao`gfmhg.

=>. Dmtg ha ^cmslm M astàt`om salpra `fgvm, pgr `ssg havalgs astmr salpra mftafmhms(gs), astuhmfhg a `fgvmfhg, pmrm fïg e`omrlgs prm trís. _m`jm qua, hasha :>>1 assm tàof`om ravgcuo`gfír`m v`fhm hm Aurgpm, val mbrmhmfhg passgms fg lufhg tghg pacg saus rasuctmhgs `forìva`s. M taofgcgb`m okabgu fg Jrms`c fg pr`la`rg salastra ha :>=0, g  dmtg ha pcmslm  eg` ul hgs pr`fo`pm`s cmfâmlaftgs hg mfg, gfha bmfkgu ogrmâñas al tarrms jrms`c jrms`ca`rms. a`rms. G qumrtg astmhg hm lmtàr`m, g pcmslm, à g prgtmbgf`stm ha trmtmlaftgs `forìva`s pmrm raduvafasoar m paca ogl líx`lm ae`o`äfo`m, ha haftrg pmrm egrm. Mprgva`ta ha pcmslm!m okmfoa hassa oursg a hassm mpgst`cm lmrmv`ckgsm a hasvafha gs l`stàr`gs hg dmtg G qua à g dmtg ha pcmslm7 G pcmslm à g qumrtg astmhg hm lmtàr`m, ul pguog lafgs ogfkao`hg hg qua gs trmh`o`gfm`s  –sÿc`hg, cìqu`hg a bmsgsg“.  Lms... Oglg, aftïg, ogfs`bg okabmr oka bmr mg pcmslm7

M raspgstm afvgcva mctm taofgcgb`m! À prao`sg h`spgr ha ogrrafta acàtr`om ha mctm tafsïg qua, al ogftmtg ogl g mr mtlgseàr`og, prglgva m has`ftabrmâïg hgs ítglgs, hasprafhafhg acàtrgfs. G aqu`pmlaftg egrfaoa ul bís `gf`zmhg qua pgha sar mpc`omhg fm paca mtrmvàs ha hasp`blaftmhgras acàtr`ogs, qua `fecuafo`ml fg t`pg ha prgeufh`hmha a rm`g ha mâïg hg dmtg ha pcmslm. ]umfhg mquao`hg, okabm fm paca mt`fb`fhg sglafta m omlmhm lm`s axtarfm hm paca, mt`vmfhg g ogcíbafg qua `rí mux`c`mr fm o`omtr`zmâïg. Mg pmssmr pacg tao`hg, g pcmslm c`jarm aspào`as ramt`vms mg f`trgbäf`g a gx`bäf`g, mb`fhg oglg ul pghargsg jmotar`o` jmotar`o`hm hm a eufb`o`hm. ?>

 

 

Mcàl h`ssg, gs dmtgs mulaftml m o`roucmâïg smfbuìfam, ast`lucmfhg m fagogcmbäfasa  (prghuâïg ha fgvms e`jrms ha ogcíbafg) a ast`lucml ms oàcucms, ralghacmfhg g ogcíbafg. Gs rasuctmhgs oglaâml m sar paroaj`hgs aftra 1 m 2 h`ms mpÿs g prgoah`la prgoah`laftg. ftg. Mftas h`ssg, m paca e`om oglogl ulg mspaotg rassaomhg fmturmclafta astìlucg lm`s hm prÿpr`m harla.a, ogl g pmssmr hgs h`ms, vm` o`omtr`zmfhg M pmrt`r hm pr`la`rm salmfm lu`tgs pmo`aftas dí ogfsabual fgtmr rasuctmhgs oglg ulm paca lm`s c`sm, sal lmfokms, lm`s e`rla a lafgs ecío`hm. ]um`s sïg ms h`earafâms aftra dmtg ha pcmslm a acatrgomutàr`g7 À oglul afogftrmr mssgo`mâñas aftra ms hums taofgcgb`ms. Mcbulms egftas `focus`va sa raearal m acms oglg sa egssal m laslm og`sm, lms kí ulm h`earafâm s`l. Ugu axpc`omr mjm`xg.

^mrm oglaâmr, g acatrgomutàr`g  fïg barm pcmslm. M taofgcgb`m sa jmsa`m al ulm ogrrafta mctarfmhm ha jm`xm tafsïg a mctm `ftafs`hmha, qua c`l`tm m mâïg î omlmhm lm`s supare`o`mc hm paca. G dmtg ha pcmslm, pgr sum vaz, trmjmckm ogl g qumrtg astmhg hm lmtàr`m. M ogrrafta ha mctm tafsïg a mctm `ftafs`hmha prghuz ulm aspào`a ha emìsom cul`fgsm ogfstmfta, barmfhg afarb`m tàrl`om m pmrt`r hg mrog acàtr`og. Fm prít`om, m`fhm qua sadml salackmftas, ms taofgcgb`ms sïg usmhms pmrm e`fmc`hmhas c`ba`rmlafta h`earaftas. ^mrm paac`fb acàtr`og a ralgâïg ha lmfokms, pgr axalpcg, g acatrgomutàr`g  pgha sar ulm jgm asogckm. ^mrm raduvafaso`laftg ha haftrg pmrm egrm (emvgraoafhg m prghuâïg ha ogcíbafg a acmst`fm), g dmtg ha pcmslm pcmslm à m lackgr gpâïg.

@fh`omâñas   Lmroms fm paca ‟ ^gftumc gu Ast`lucmâïg

 

‟ ^gftumc ^aquafms Uarrubms Astr`ms ‟ ^gftumc a Ast`lucmâïg   Lmfokms saf`s, aeàc`has ‟ ^gftumc   Zubms a Ecmo`haz Emo`mc ‟ Ast`lucmâïg a ^gftumc  

?=

 

 

^arlamâïg ha mt`vgs ‟ Ast`lucmâïg   Jcaemrgpcmst`m ‟ ^gftumc   [mftacmslm ‟ ^gftumc   Hasp`bla Hasp`blaftmâïg ftmâïg ha _gjrmfoackms ‟ ^gftumc   

Ogftrm @fh`omâñas Hasoglpafsmhms   H`mjatas mlmlaftmfhg hg   Bastmftas gu mlmlaftmf Ear`laftgss Mjartgs   Ear`laftg   Mofa Mt`vm   Hgafâms Gfogcÿb`oms   Qsg ha Lmrom ^mssg   @lpcmftas Latíc`ogs fg cgomc hm mpc`omâïg (pgha sar ramc`zmhg lm`s hava mv`smr m oc`afta qua tarí lm`s safs`j`c`hmha)   Karpas cmj`mc mt`vm, sa m oc`afta t`var karpas, pah`r pmrm acm emzar m prge`cmx`m ha mogrhg ogl m gr`aftmâïg làh`om   Al ogfduftg ogl mpmrackgs ha faurgast`lucmâïg.   Fïg `rrmh`mr ogl m omfatm ha egtgtarmp`m pmo`aftas qua astïg ut`c`zmfhg lah`omlaftgs gu sujstêfo`ms qua pghal tar mâïg egtgssafs`j`c`zmhgrm9

Umsoucmr`zmâïg/lmfokms9 Oarmtgsa motìf`m9   Oarmtgsa sajgrra`om9 Oarmtgsa/quarmtgsa mtgsa egc`oucm egc`oucmr9 r9   Oarmtgsa/quar   Fïg ut`c`zmr al lmfokms mctms, afrubmhms gu asourms, varrubms pcmftmras, varrubms mfgbaf`tm`s gu ogfh`cglms a lacmslms9    

Laomf`slg ha mâïg hg Dmtg ha ^cmslm   Hasomrbm acàtr`om ogftrgcmhm a prgbrmlmhm, prgbrmlmhm, emzafhg ogl qua gogrrm m ralgâïg supare`o` supare`o`mc mc hasadmhm9   Mpÿs m casïg g tao`hg c`jarm m k`stml`fm, g qua mulaftmrí ecuxg smfbuìfag a lah`mhgras `fecmlmtÿr`gs9   Umsgh`cmtmâïg cgomc, mulaftmfhg m parlamj`c`hmha vmsoucmr fm rab`ïg meatmhm, goms`gfmfhg m l`brmâïg a moôlucg ha cauoÿo`tgs, c`feÿo`tgs, fautrÿe`cgs a lmorÿembgs9

Zaspgstm hm rapmrmâïg tao`humc. Acatrgeucburmâïg -  Ogmbucmâïg supare`o`mc, `fh`omhm pmrm ac`l`fmr paquafms prgc`earmâñas oacucmras outêfams a ralgvar lmfokms (has`hrmtmâïg, rupturm a omrjgf`zmâïg hms oàcucms). À ul eafølafg ha emìsom haogrrafta hm mpc`omâïg ha ulm hasomrbm acàtr`om hg t`pg ogftìfum h`ratm (HO) qumfhg m pgfta`rm sa mprgx`lm hm paca fulm h`stêfo`m mg rahgr ha :ll. M íram ha mâïg hm hasomrbm al emìsom à ha mprgx`lmhmlafta =ll, meatm sglafta ulm paquafm íram hm paca a `ssg tgrfm g mcvg lm`s prao`sg. À ul prgoah`laftg al qua g trmtmlaftg à oglpcatmlafta fmturmc. Axalpcgs ha pgfta`rms pmrm assm tàof`om, sïg4  ^, ^^ a [^.  

Acatrgh`ssaomâïg   Has`hrmtmâïg `ftafsm pacg acatrghg. À m avmpgrmâïg hg cìqu`hg `ftrmoacucmr ogl sujsaquafta hastru`âïg hms oàcucms hg tao`hg sujoutêfag. Avmpgrmâïg à omusmhm pacm afarb`m tarlmc barmhm mtrmvàs hm gso`cmâïg hms hasomrbms acàtr`oms. Qlm racmt`vm jm`xm pgtäfo`m acàtr`om, ha fg líx`lg =. ;R, à mpc`omhm fulm paquafm íram, pgràl ‟

ompmz sïg4 ^,ha^^omusmr a [^. ul eafølafg ha avmpgrmâïg. Axalpcgs ha pgfta`rms pmrm assm tàof`om, ?:

 

 

Acatrgogmbucmâïg  Gocusïg ha vmsgs smfbuìfags. À ul prgoassg fg qumc m afarb`m tarlmc barmhm pacm gso`cmâïg hms hasomrbms omusm avmpgrmâïg ha cìqu`hg `ftrmoacucmr, hasfmturmâïg hms astruturms prgta`oms ogl hastru`âïg oacucmr. M mctm talparmturm omusm ogmbucmâïg ha tao`hgs a hms prgtaìfms smfbuìfams qua parl`ta oassmr g smfbrmlaftg al vmsgs paquafgs ha : m ?ll ha h`êlatrg.  Axalpcgs ha pgfta`rms pmrm assm tàof`om, sïg4  ^, ^^ a [^. ‟

Acatrgast`lucmâïg   Astìlucg hm paca, mulaftmfhg o`roucmâïg, fagogcmbäfasa, MX^. Lm`s astìlucg hg qua mbrassïg. Fïg pgha emzar lgv`laftgs mlpcgs, pg`s vgoä parha m aftrabm hm afarb`m, h`l`fu`fhg g rasuctmhg. Axalpcgs ha pgfta`rms pmrm assm tàof`om, sïg4  C, O, aseàr`om a mrrahgfhmhms. ‟

Ou`hmhgs ogl g Mpmrackg   Mftas m mpÿs omhm usg hg mpmrackg, c`lpmr ogl ícoggc 2>%.   Ms pgftms pghal sar cavmhms m Mutg Ocmva.   G Mpmrackg hava sar aljmcmhg al pcíst`og E`cla, a g laslg trgomhg m omhm prgoah`laftg. Ou`hmhgs ^ÿs ^rgoah`laftg   Fïg tglmr _gc, a sa axpgr m brmfhas talparmturms oglg Egrfg, vmpgr hg egbïg, smufm a saomhgr ha omjacg.   Av`tmr E`omr Lgckmfhg   Qsmr prgtatgr _gcmr mpÿs :8k   _ubar`r g usg ha Japmftgc Jmjy ® gu O`ompcmst ® pgr 1 h`ms ?x mg h`m.   Lmqu`mbal mpafms mpÿs ? h`ms hg prgoah`laftg.   Axpc`omr qua pgha or`mr orgstm, m laslm fïg hava sar ralgv`hm al k`pÿtasa mcbulm.

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=>.= ^rgtgogcg barmc ha mtafh`laftg =. G cgomc ha mtafh`laftg dí hava astmr grbmf`zmhg, ogl g lmtar`mc m sar usmhg h`spgstg a grbmf`zmhg, g mpmrackg hava sar afvgcv`hg fg pmpac e`cla9

:. Lmom gu cgomc gfha g oc`afta `rí ha`tmr, hava astmr ogjartg ogl cafâgc –pmpac“ pmrm lmom hasomrtívac9 ?. Zaoapo`gfmr g oc`afta a ogfe`rlmr g fgla hg laslg OGL G HM E@OKM ha mtafh`laftg a Mfmlfasa9 8. Car m E`okm ha Mfmlfasa hg oc`afta gu car m avgcuâïg hg mtafh`laftg mftar`gr. X`ra tghms ms hôv`hms hg oc`afta, axpc`qua oglg à g prgoah`laftg a gs ou`hmhgs prà a pÿs9 1. ^ah`r mg oc`afta pmrm qua ralgvm caftas ha ogftmtg, jr`fogs a p`aro`fb9 5. K`b`af`zmr ms sums lïgs a pmssmr ícoggc bac fms lïgs hg oc`afta9 2. Uast`r m tguom hasomrtívac9 ;. Ogcgomr m tguom hasomrtívac fg oc`afta9 0. Ogcgomr ulm tgmckm ogjr`fhg g ogcg hm oc`afta gu jmjmhgr hasomrtívac9 =>.  Ugoä hava Ogcgomr m lísomrm ha prgtaâïg hasomrtívac, fïg ut`c`zmr m ha morìc`og9 ==.  Omcâmr ms cuvms ha prgoah`la prgoah`laftg9 ftg9 =:.  Zalgvar m lmqu`mbal hm oc`afta ogl ul halmqu`cmfta9 =?.  K`b`af`zmr paca ogl _mjgfata Omclmfta - Ocamfsar  hm U`tmharl9 =8.  Xgf`e`omr pmrm aqu`c`jrmr g pk ogl Cgâïg Xøf`om Omclmfta  Ocamfsar  hm  hm U`tmharl9 =1.  G^@O@GFMC Asegc`mr ogl g ^aac`fb ha Cmrmfdm   U`tmpaac`fb   hm U`tmharl, lgckmfhg ms lïgs pmrm fïg mbrah`r tmftg m paca9 =5.  ^CQ_ HM JAC JZ@MCA_  K`hrmtmr m paca ogl m Lísomrm ha  Mlat`stm hm U`tmharl  gu Lísomrm ha Zuj`   hm U`tmharl, ha`xmr mb`r pgr => m =1 l`futgs, mpÿs rat`rmr oglpcatmlafta ogl mcbghïg aljaj`hg al íbum hast`cmhm gu e`ctrmhm gu _grg E`s`gcÿb`og m >,0%9 =2.  _aomr tghm m paca ogl g muxìc`g ha ulm bmza9 =;.  Egtgbrmemr m íram m sar trmtmhm, ogfegrla prgtgogcg ha Egtghgoulaftmâïg9 =0.  Qt`c`zmr Mfastàs`og Xÿp`og ?> l`futgs gu ogfegrla gr`aftmâïg ha omhm emjr`omfta, mftas hg prgoah`laftg. _a egr JCAEMZG^CM_X@M, pgha rat`rmr qumfhg egr ramclafta `f`o`mr g pgft`ck`slg fm íram9 :>.  Aeatumr m mssaps`m ogl mcbghïg ulahao`hg al Ocgrax`h`h` Ocgrax`h`h`fm fm mcogÿc`om9 :=.  _aomr jal m paca ogl bmza9 ::.  ^rgssabu`r g mtafh`laftg ogfegrla `fh`omâïg `fh`omâïg ha trmtmlaftg ogl g Dmtg ha ^cmslm. ‟

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=>.=.= Hasp`blaftmâïg ha ^rgoah`laftgs @fhasadmhgs ^rgtgogcg ha _assñas4 >? sassñas ogl `ftarvmcgs ha :> h`ms

 @f`o`mr ogl g ^rgtgogcg barmc ha mtafh`laftg :?.  Qsmr m pgfta`rm E`fm gu pgfta`rm [^, pgtäfo`m mctm, lgv`laftgs vm` a val, asp`rmc gu

pgftumc al tghm m p`blaftmâïg. Ogjr`r tghm Íram ^`blaftmhm9 :8.  Gjsarvmr sa m pgfta`rm pmrmr ha mt`vmr g pcmslm, hasc`bua hasc`bua g mpmrackg9 :1.  Mpc`omr sgjra g cgomc g Ac`x`r Qctrm E`ccar  hm  hm U`tmharl a asparmr mjsgrvar9 :5.  Al sabu`hm hm mpc`omâïg hm pgfta`rm hg HA_^@BLAFXMHGZ , hava-sa mpc`omr m cuz varlackm al ogftmtg ogl m paca al hgsa ha cuz ha 1 m =1D/ol:. M cuz varlackm fastm atmpm hg trmtmlaftg tal pgr gjdat`vg h`l`fu`r m `fecmlmâïg cgomc, h`l`fu`r m pgss`j`c`hmha ha `fhuz`r m k`parp`blaftmâïg pÿs-prgoah`laftg a tmljàl moacarmr g prgoassg o`omtr`o`mc hm paca. ^rgtabar gs gckgs ogl bmza gu sa pgssìvac ogl g ÿoucgs hg oc`afta, a pmssmr g CAH varlackg ha 1 m => l`futgs pgr íram, sal afogstmr fm paca9 :2.  Lgstrmr m oc`afta g rasuctmhg pacg aspackg9 :;.  Egtgbrmemr ogfegrla prgtgogcg ha egtghgoulaftmâïg9 :0.  Axpc`omr gs ou`hmhgs, `fh`omr usg ha Japmftgc Jmjy® gu O`omcpcmst®, >? vazas mg h`m 1 h`ms9g ratgrfg pmrm :> h`ms. ?>.pgr   Mbafhmr

=>.=.: Ecmo`haz Emo`mc ^rgtgogcg ha _assñas4 lìf`lg >? sassñas ogl `ftarvmcgs ha ?> h`ms

 @f`o`mr ogl g ^rgtgogcg barmc ha mtafh`laftg

:?.FG ZG_XG  - Qsmr m pgfta`rm C, lgv`laftgs caftgs ha jm`xg pmrm o`lm, pgtafo`m làh`m m jm`xm pmrm ast`lucmr9 :8.MG ZAHGZ HG_ GCKG_ - Qsmr m pgfta`rm A_EÀZ@ A_EÀZ@OM, OM, lgv`laftgs o`roucmras fm rab`ïg par`grj`tmc, pgtafo`m làh`m m jm`xm pmrm ast`lucmr9 :1.FM_ ZQBM_ A C@FKM_ HA A[^ZA__ÏG  - ^gfta`rm hasomrtívac gu pgfta`rm ^^, mg rahgr hms c`fkms ha axprassïg, fïg emzar haftrg hm c`fkm ha axprassïg, pg`s `ssg pgha mulaftmr g sucog, lgv`laftg pgftumc, pgtafo`m mctm.  :5.Gjsarvmrr sa m pgfta`rm pmrmr ha mt`vmr g pcmslm, hasc`bua g mpmrackg9 :5.Gjsarvm :2.Mpc`omr sgjra g cgomc g Ac`x`r Qctrm E`ccar  hm  hm U`tmharl a asparmr mjsgrvar9 :;.Al sabu`hm hm mpc`omâïg hm pgfta`rm hg HA_^@BLAFXMHGZ, hava-sa mpc`omr m cuz varlackm al ogftmtg ogl m paca al hgsa ha cuz ha 1 m =1D/ol:. M cuz varlackm fastm atmpm hg trmtmlaftg tal pgr gjdat`vg h`l`fu`r m `fecmlmâïg cgomc, h`l`fu`r m pgss`j`c`hmha ha `fhuz`r m k`parp`blaftmâïg pÿs-prgoah`laftg a tmljàl moacarmr g prgoassg o`omtr`o`mc hm paca. ^rgtabar gs gckgs ogl bmza gu sa pgssìvac ogl g ÿoucgs hg oc`afta, a pmssmr g CAH varlackg ha 1 m => l`futgs pgr íram, sal afogstmr fm paca9 paca9 :0.Lgstrmr m oc`afta g rasuctmhg pacg aspackg9 ?>.Egtgbrmemr ogfegrla prgtgogcg ha egtghgoulaftmâïg9 ?=.Axpc`omr gs ou`hmhgs, `fh`omr usg ha Japmftgc Jmjy®  gu O`omcpcmst®  fgs cubmras gfha eg` ea`tg g làtghg pgftumc, >? vazas mg h`m pgr 1 h`ms. Xmljàl mssgo`mr mt`vgs raduvafasoahgras, ogl emtgras ha oraso`laftg gu U`tml`fm O gu Ogcíbafg gu Ío`hg k`mcurøf`og, tghgs ecu`hgs9 ?:.Mbafhmr g ratgrfg pmrm ?> h`ms.

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=>.=.? [mftacmslm, Uarrubms a Lmfokms _af`s ^rgtgogcg ha _assñas4 >: sassñas ogl `ftarvmcgs ha ?> h`ms

 @f`o`mr ogl g ^rgtgogcg barmc ha mtafh`laftg

:?.Qt`c`zmr ^gfta`rm Hasomrtívac gu pgfta`rm ^^, lgv`laftg pgftumc jal cava, pgtafo`m làh`m m mctm9 :8.Gjsarvmr sa m pgfta`rm pmrmr ha mt`vmr g pcmslm, hasc`bua g mpmrackg9 :1.Mpc`omr sgjra g cgomc g Ac`x`r Qctrm E`ccar  hm  hm U`tmharl a asparmr mjsgrvar9 :5.Al sabu`hm hm mpc`omâïg hm pgfta`rm hg HA_^@BLAFXMHGZ, hava-sa mpc`omr m cuz varlackm al ogftmtg ogl m paca al hgsa ha cuz ha 1 m =1D/ol:. M cuz varlackm fastm atmpm hg trmtmlaftg tal pgr gjdat`vg h`l`fu`r m `fecmlmâïg cgomc a m pgss`j`c`hmha ha `fhuz`r m k`parp`blaftmâïg pÿs-prgoah`laftg, tmljàl moacarmr g prgoassg o`omtr`o`mc. ^rgtabar gs gckgs ogl bmza gu sa pgssìvac ogl g ÿoucgs hg oc`afta, a pmssmr g CAH varlackg ha 1 m => l`futgs pgr íram, sal afogstmr fm paca9 :2.Lgstrmr m oc`afta g rasuctmhg pacg aspackg9 :;.Egtgbrmemr ogfegrla prgtgogcg ha egtghgoulaftmâïg9 :0.Axpc`omr gs ou`hmhgs, `fh`omr usg ha Japmftgc Jmjy®  gu O`omcpcmst®  fgs cubmras gfha eg` ea`tg g làtghg pgftumc, >? vazas mg h`m pgr 1 h`ms. Xmljàl pgha emzar oglprassm ha bmza aljaj`hm al íbum e`ctrmhm bacmhm (fïg usmr bacg) fm rab`ïg hgs gckgs, ?vazas mg h`m pgr ? h`ms9 ?>.Mbafhmr g ratgrfg pmrm ?> h`ms.

=>.=.8 Jcaemrgpcmst`m sal ogrta ^rgtgogcg ha _assñas4 lìf`lg >? sassñas ogl `ftarvmcgs ha ?> h`ms

 @f`o`mr ogl g ^rgtgogcg barmc ha mtafh`laftg :?.G^O@GFMC FG ZG_XG  - Qsmr m pgfta`rm C, lgv`laftgs caftgs ha jm`xg pmrm o`lm, pgtafo`m làh`m m jm`xm pmrm ast`lucmr9 :8.G^O@GFMC MG ZAHGZ HG_ GCKG_ - Qsmr m pgfta`rm A_EÀZ@OM, lgv`laftgs o`roucmras fm rab`ïg par`grj`tmc, pgtafo`m làh`m m jm`xm pmrm ast`lucmr9 :1.FM ZAB@ÏG ^AZ@GZJ@XMC (FÏG EMTAZ AL O@LM HG BCGJG GOQCMZ) ‟ _a t`var ogl g mfastàs`og, rat`rm g laslg a saom jal m íram ogl bmza.   Qt`c`zmr ^gfta`rm Hasomrtívac ^^, Lmrom g oøfomvg a pgftum ha haftrg prmlàh`m egrm, hg oøfomvg pmrm m rab`ïgguhmpgfta`rm sgjrmfoackm, lgv`laftg pgftumc jal cava, pgtafo`m m mctm9 :5.Hapg`s pícpajrm `fear`gr, ha haftrg prm egrm9 :2.Gjsarvmrr sa m pgfta`rm pmrmr ha mt`vmr g pcmslm, hasc`bua g mpmrackg9 :2.Gjsarvm :;.Mpc`omr sgjra g cgomc g Ac`x`r Qctrm E`ccar  hm  hm U`tmharl a asparmr mjsgrvar9 :0.Al sabu`hm hm mpc`omâïg hm pgfta`rm hg HA_^@BLAFXMHGZ, hava-sa mpc`omr m cuz varlackm al ogftmtg ogl m paca al hgsa ha cuz ha 1 m =1D/ol:. M cuz varlackm fastm atmpm hg trmtmlaftg tal pgr gjdat`vg h`l`fu`r m `fecmlmâïg cgomc a m pgss`j`c`hmha ha `fhuz`r m k`parp`blaftmâïg pÿs-prgoah`laftg, tmljàl moacarmr g prgoassg o`omtr`o`mc. ^mssmr g CAH varlackg ha 1 m => l`futgs pgr íram, sal afogstmr fm paca9 ?>.Lgstrmr m oc`afta g rasuctmhg pacg aspackg9 ?=.Egtgbrmemr ogfegrla prgtgogcg ha egtghgoulaftmâïg9 ?:.Axpc`omr gs ou`hmhgs, `fh`omr usg ha Japmftgc Jmjy®  gu O`omcpcmst®  fgs cubmras gfha eg` ea`tg g làtghg pgftumc, >? vazas mg h`m pgr 1 h`ms. Xmljàl pgha emzar oglprassm ha mg bmza al@fegrlmr íbum e`ctrmhm bacmhm (fïg usmr bacg) fm rab`ïg sa hgsm gckgs, ?vazas h`maljaj`hm pgr ? h`ms. qua pgha barmr ahalm, pr`fo`pmclafta paca egr lu`tg ecío`hm9 ??.Mbafhmr g ratgrfg pmrm ?> h`ms. ?5

 

 

=>.=.1 Astr`ms jrmfoms ^rgtgogcg ha _assñas4 >? sassñas ogl `ftarvmcgs ha ?> h`ms

 @f`o`mr ogl g ^rgtgogcg barmc ha mtafh`laftg

:?. Qt`c`zmr ^gfta`rm mrrahgfhmhm, pgtäfo`m làh`m m mctm ‟  trmjmckmfhg astr`m pgr astr`m, trmjmckmfhg haftrg hm astr`m, emzafhg lgv`laftg ha vm` a val, tmftg haftrg, qumftg fms jgrhms, pmrm astìlucg hg prgoassg `fecmlmtÿr`g. Xàof`om ha asomr`e`omâïg, trmzafhg o`roucmâ o`roucmâïg, ïg, ogl mpgrta smfbuìfag `lpgrtmfta. Xrmzafhg lah`mhgras ha rapmrg tao`humc9 :8. Gjsarvmr sa m pgfta`rm pmrmr ha mt`vmr g pcmslm, hasc`bua g mpmrackg9 :1. Mpc`omr sgjra g cgomc g Ac`x`r Qctrm E`ccar  hm  hm U`tmharl a asparmr mjsgrvar9 :5. Al sab sabu`hm u`hm hm mpc`omâïg mpc`omâïg hm pgfta`rm hg HA_^@BLAFX HA_^@BLAFXMHGZ, MHGZ, hava-sa mpc`omr m cuz varlackm al ogftmtg ogl m paca al hgsa ha cuz ha 1 m =1D/ol:. M cuz varlackm fastm atmpm hg trmtmlaftg tal pgr gjdat`vg h`l`fu`r m `fecmlmâïg cgomc, h`l`fu`r m pgss`j`c`hmha ha `fhuz`r m k`parp`blaftmâïg pÿs-prgoah`laftg a tmljàl moacarmr g prgoassg o`omtr`o`mc hm paca. ^rgtabar gs gckgs ogl bmza gu sa pgssìvac ogl g ÿoucgs hg oc`afta, a pmssmr g CAH varlackg ha 1 m => l`futgs pgr íram, sal afogstmr fm paca9 :2. Lgstrmr m oc`afta g rasuctmhg pacg aspackg9 :;. Egtgbrmemr ogfegrla prgtgogcg ha egtghgoulaftmâ egtghgoulaftmâïg9 ïg9 :0. ^gha `fh`omr prghutgs ogl emtgras ha oraso`la oraso`laftg9 ftg9 ?>. Mbafhmr g ratgrfg pmrm ?> h`ms.

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==. Xmjacm ha _ubastïg ha Umcgras Hasp`blaftmâïg ha _gjrmfoackms  >? sassñas pgr Z$81>,>> Ecmo`haz Emo`mc Ast`lucmâïg  >? sassñas pgr Z$21>,>> ‟

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Zubms a C`fkms Emo`mc  >? pgr sassñas pgr Z$=.:;>,>> Jcaemrgpcmst`m  >? sassñas Z$05>,>> Emo`mc + Jcaemrgpcmst` Jcaemrgpcmst`m m ‟ >? sassñas pgr Z$=.0;>,>> [mftacmslm gu varrubms  sassïg m pmrt`r ha Z$;>,>> Lmfokm _af`c - Lïgs ‟ >: sassñas pgr Z$15>,>> Astr`ms a Lmfokms  Havalgs mvmc`mr m íram ‟

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 Mbrmhao`laftgs Au, @smjac Jr`mcas a l`fkm aqu`pa hasadm m vgoä lu`tg suoassg fasta fgvg paroursg al sum v`hm, qua assa oursg pgssm tar morasoaftmhg lu`tg ogfkao`laftg a ogfe`mfâm pmrm assm fgvm Dgrfmhm, astmlgs tgroafhg pgr vgoä. ]umcquar hôv`hm ogfta Ogl`bg a l`fkm aqu`pa. Ql brmfha ja`dg,

@smjac Jr`mcas  a aqu`pa –Xra`fa a astuha lu`tg. Xghg suoassg hapafha hm rapat`âïg,    Fufom sa asquaâm h`ssg!“ 

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