Apostila Digital MP-SP - 2019 - Auxiliar de Promotoria I - Administrativo PDF
August 1, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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ÌGNKO@
LR-_R LKGK_^ËXKA RÚHCKOA NA @_^DNA N@ _ÏA RDPCA
• Duxkckdr n` Rralatarkd K
• Dnlkgkstrdva 250JM-4; @NK^DC Gº 28/824;
ÌGNKO@
Cìgfud Rartufu`sd C`kturd @ Kgt`rpr`tdæïa N` Nkv`rsas ^kpas N` ^`xtas (Ckt`rärkas @ Gïa Ckt`rärkas) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 _kgþgklas @ Dgtþgklas. _`gna Rrÿprka @ Ekfurdna Nds Rdcdvr Rdcdvrds ds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Ragtudæïa Ragtudæï a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2=
Ocdss`s N` Rdcdvrds: _uhstdgva, Dnj`va, Gul`rdc, Rragal`, U`rha, Dnvërhka, Rr`paskæïa @ Oagjugæïa: @lpr`fa @ _`gna Tu` Klprkl`l Âs X`cdæð`s Tu` @stdh`c`o`l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Oagoarnègokd U`rhdc @ Galkgdc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 X`fêgokd U`rhdc @ Galkgdc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8> Oacaodæïa Rragalkgdc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Ords` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _kfgkodæïa Nds Rdcdvrds Ga Oagt`xta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psa Na Mìe`g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^`st`s @ X`spastds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8= ?2 ?8 ?>
Ldt`läod X`sacuæïa n` sktudæð`s-prahc`ld, `gvacv`gna: dnkæïa, suhtrdæïa, lucpckodæïa, nkvksïa, pat`gokdæïa au rdnkokdæïa oal gúl`ras rdokagdks, gds suds r`pr`s`gtdæð`s erdokagärkd au n`okldc9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Lìgkla lúcpca oalul9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Raro`gtdf`l9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Xdzïa ` praparæïa9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 X`frd n` na três4.º sklpc`s9 @qudæïa frdu9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8> Frdgn`zds Frdgn`z ds ` l`nknds ‟ qudgndn`, t`lpa, oalprkl`gta, sup`rok`, odpdokndn` ` ldssd9 X`cdæïa `gtr` frdgn`zds ‟ tdh`cd au fräoa9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Gaæð`s n` f`al`trkd pcdgd ‟ earld, är`d, p`rìl`tra ` ^`ar`ld n` Rktäfards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?>
C`fkscdæïa C`k Gº 42.854, N` 8= N` Autuhra N` 4;5=, ^ìtuca Uk ‟ Nas N`v`r`s, Nds Rrakhkæð`s @ Nds X`spagsdhkckndn`s, Drts. 8>4 D 802 . . . . . . . . . 24
Mkstÿrkd Nd X`vacuæïa N` 4;?2 Da Hrdskc Oagt`lparèg`a: D @rd Udrfds9 A Hrdskc Gd Kk Fu`rrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 X`fkl` Lkcktdr ‟ 4;5>-4;=0: A Facp` N` 4;5> @ A X`fkl` Lkcktdr9 D X`pr`ssïa Racìod @ A –Lkcdfr` @oagþlkoa“9 Ekl Na X`fkl` Lkcktdr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Odlpdgmd Nkr`tds Jä! (4;=>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @c`kæð`s N` ^dgor`na G`v`s @ Jasë _drg`y (4;=0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rr`skn`gt`ss Rast`rkar`s Rr`skn`gt` Rast`rkar`s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24 2? 2? 82
F`afrdd A Hrdskc ga lugna: caodckzd caodckzdæïa9 æïa9 `xt`gsïa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D gdtur`zd hrdskc`krd: as frdgn`s nalìgkas lareaockläoas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mknrafrdd ` dprav`ktdl`gta dprav`ktdl`gta nas prkgokpdks rkas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D v`f`tdæïa arkfkgdc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As r`oursas gdturdks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As prahc`lds dlhk`gtdks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D papucdæïa hrdskc`krd: or`sokl`gta ` nkstrkhukæïa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24 2? 2? 2> 25 25 25
@struturd nd papucdæïa. papucdæïa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
ÌGNKO@
Lahkckndn`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D arfdgkzdæïa na `spdæa hrdskc`kra: Ds dvkndn`s kgnustrkdks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A `spdæa dfrap`ouärka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oalëroka, trdgspart`s ` oalugkodæ oalugkodæð`s. ð`s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A `spdæa urhdga. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ds r`cdæð`s na Hrdskc oal a lugna: a Hrdskc ga L`roasuc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26 2=
2; 42 42 44
Gaæð`s n` Kgearläod L_-Vkgnaws 6: oago`kta n` pdstds, nkr`tÿrkas, drqukvas ` dtdcmas, är`d n` trdhdcma, t rdhdcma, är`d n` trdgse`rêgokd, trdgse`rêgokd, ldgkpucdæïa n` drqukvas ` pdstds, usa nas l`gus, prafrdlds ` dpckodvas, kgt`rdæïa oal a oagjugta n` dpckodvas L_-Ao` 8242. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 L_-Varn L_-Var n 8242: `struturd häskod nas naoul`gtas, `nkæïa ` earldtdæïa n` t`xtas, odh`ædcmas, pdräfrdeas, eagt`s, oacugds, ldrodnar`s sklhÿckoas ` gulërkoas, tdh`cds, klpr`ssïa, oagtrac` n` qu`hrds ` gul`rdæïa n` päfkgds, c`f`gnds, ìgnko`s, kgs`ræïa n` ahj`tas, odlpas pr`n`gknas, odkxds n` t`xta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 L_-@xo`c 8242: `struturd häskod nds pcdgkcmds, oago`ktas n` oëcucds, ckgmds, oacugds, pdstds ` fräoas, `cdhardæïa n` tdh`cds ` fräoas, usa n` eÿrlucds, eugæð`s ` ldoras, klpr`ssïa, kgs`ræïa n` ahj`tas, odlpas pr`n`gknas, oagtrac` n` qu`hrds ` gul`rdæïa n` päfk gds, aht`gæïa n` ndnas `xt`rgas, ocdsskodæïa n` ndnas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4? L_-Raw`rRakgt L_-Raw`rR akgt 8242: `struturd häskod nds dpr`s`gtdæð`s, oago`ktas n` sckn`s, dgatdæð`s, rëfud, fukds, odh`ædcmas ` randpës, gaæð`s n` `nkæïa ` earldtdæïa n` dpr`s`gtdæð`s, kgs`ræïa n` ahj`tas, gul`rdæïa n` päfkgds, hatð`s n` dæïa, dgkldæïa ` trdgskæïa `gtr` sckn`s.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Oarr`ka @c`trþgkoa: usa n` oarr`ka `c`trþgkoa, pr`pdra ` `gvka n` l`gsdf`gs, dg`xdæ dg`xdæïa ïa n` drqukvas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?2 Kgt`rg`t: gdv`fdæïa gdv`fdæïa gd Kgt`rg`t, oago`ktas n` PXC, ckgis, skt`s, husod ` klpr`ssïa n` päfkgds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?>
NKOD
Oala pdssdr `l ul oagoursa púhckoa1 ^anas gÿs sdh`las qu` ë ul frdgn` n`sda s`r dpravdna `l oagoursa púhckoa, n`ssd ldg`krd ë lukta klpartdgt` a oagours`kra `stdr eaodna ` n`t`rlkgdna `l s`us `stunas ` gd sud pr`pdrdæïa. Ë v`rndn` qu` gïa `xkst` uld eÿrlucd läfkod au uld r`frd n` oala `stundr pdrd oagoursas púhckoas, ë klpartdgt` odnd p`ssad `goagtrdr d l`cmar ldg`krd pdrd `stdr atklkzdgna sud pr`pdrdæïa. Dcfulds nkods pan`l s`lpr` djundr d `c`vdr a gìv`c nas `stunas, orkdgna uld lavdæïa pdrd `stundr. `stundr. R`gsdgna gkssa, d _acuæïa pr`pdrau `ss` drfa oal dcfulds nkods qu` krä edz`r tand nke`r`gæd gd sud pr`pdrdæïa. @gtïa lïas â ahrd!
_`pdrdlas dcfulds nkods pdrd cm` djundr d pdssdr `l oagoursa púhckoa! - @st`jd eaodna `l s`u ahj`va: Ë n` `xtr`ld klpartègokd vaoê `stdr eaodna `l s`u ahj`va, d dpravdæïa ga oagoursa. Uaoê vdk
t`r qu` oacaodr `l sud l`gt` qu` sud prkarkndn` ë n`nkodr-s` pdrd d r`dckzdæïa n` s`u sagma. - Gïa sdkd drdgna pdrd tanas as cdnas: Rraour` ndr dt`gæïa `l ul oagoursa n` odnd v`z, d nkoucndn` ë lukta ldkar qudgna
vaoê t`gtd eaodr `l värkas o`rtdl`s, n`vkna ds ldtërkds nds nkv`rsds är`ds s`r`l nke`r`gt`s. N`std earld, ë klpartdgt` qu` vaoê n`gd uld är`d s` `sp`okdckzdgna g`cd. _` ear passìv`c r`dckz` tanas as oagoursas qu` sdìr`l qu` `gfcah` d l`sld är`d. - N`gd ul caodc, nkds ` marärkas pdrd `stundr: Pld ldg`krd n` arfdgkzdr s`us `stunas ë trdgsearldgna kssa `l ul mähkta, n`-
t`rlkgdna ul caodc, as marärkas ` nkds `sp`oìoas pdrd `stdr `stundgna odnd nksokpckgd qu` krä oalpar a oagoursa. A caodc n` `stuna gïa pan` t`r uld nkstrdæïa oal kgt`rrupæð`s oagstdgt`s, ë pr`oksa t`r oago`gtrdæ oago`gtrdæïa ïa tatdc. - Arfdgkzdæïa: Oala nkss`las dgt`rkarl`gt`, ë pr`oksa `vktdr qudcqu`r nkstrdæïa, nkstrdæïa, suds mards n` `stunas sïa kg`faokäv`ks, pr`oksd n` n`nkodæïa. Ë prdodl`gt` klpassìv`c pdssdr `l ul oagoursa púhckoa s` vaoê gïa ear uld p`ssad arfdgkzdnd, ë klpartdgt` t`r uld pcdgkcmd oagt`gna sud ragd nkärkd n` dvkndn`s n`gkgna a l`cmar marärka n` `stuna. - Lëtana n` `stuna: Pl frdgn` dckdna pdrd edokcktdr s`us `stunas, sïa as r`sulas. Kssa krä t` djundr gd mard nd r`vksïa sahr` a dssugta `stundna, ë eugndl`gtdc qu` vaoê kgkok` s`us `stunas dgt`s l`sla n` sdkr a `nktdc, odsa a l`sla dkgnd gïa `st`jd puhckodna, husqu` `nktdks n` oagoursas dgt`rkar`s. Husqu` r`edz`r d pravds nas oagoursas dgt`rkar`s, kssa krä t` djundr gd pr`pdrdæïa. - Kgvkstd gas ldt`rkdks: Ë `ss`gokdc qu` vaoê t`gmd ul hal ldt`rkdc vactdna pdrd oagoursas púhckoas, oalpc`ta ` dtudckzdna . @ss`s ldt`rkdks n`v`l trdz`r tand d t`arkd na `nktdc n` uld earld nknätkod ` `squ`ldtkzdnd, oagt`gna lukta `x`roìokas . Tudgna ldks `x`roìokas vaoê r`dckzdr, l`cmar s`rä sud pr`pdrdæïa pdrd r`dckzdr d pravd na o`rtdl` . - Oukn` n` sud pr`pdrdæïa: Gïa ë sÿ as `stunas qu` ë klpartdgt` gd sud pr`pdrdæïa, `vkt` p`rn`r saga, kssa t` n`kxdrä oal uld l`gar `g`rfkd ` ul oër`hra odgsdna . Ë pr`oksa qu` vaoê t`gmd uld had gakt` n` saga. Autra edtar klpartdgt` gd sud pr`pdrdæïa, pr`pdrdæïa, ë
rdr da l`gas 4 (ul) nkd gd s`ldgd pdrd n`sodgsa ` cdz`r cdz`r,, r`gavdgna ds `g`rfkds ` `vktdgna a `str`ss`.
_` pr`pdr` pdrd a oagoursa púhckoa! A oagours`kra pr`pdrdna gïa ë dqu`c` qu` pdssd a nkd tana `stundgna, lds `stä oal d odh`æd gds guv`gs, ` skl dqu`c` qu` s` pcdg`jd p`squksdgna sahr` a oagoursa n` kgt`r`ss`, oage`rkgna `nktdks ` pravds dgt`rkar`s, pdrokpdgna n` frupas oal `gqu`t`s sahr` a l`sla, oagv`rsdgna oal p`ssads qu` jä eardl dpravdnds dhsarv`gna ds nkods ` `xp`rkêgokds, dgdcksdgna d hdgod `xdlkgdnard `xdlkgdnard na o`rtdl`. A Rcdga n` @stunas ë `ss`gokdc gd alkzdæïa nas `stunas, `c` n`v` s`r sklpc`s, oal eäokc oalpr``gsïa oalpr``gsïa ` p`rsagdckzdna oal sud ragd, vdk s`r s`u trkugea pdrd dpravdæïa, dpravdæïa, s`gna r`spagsäv`c p`ca s`u or`sokl`gta oaggua. Dcël na pcdga n` `stunas, ë klpartdgt` t`r ul Rcdga n` X`vksïa, s`rä `c` qu` krä t` djundr gd l`larkzdæïa nas oagt`únas `stundnas dtë a nkd nd r`dckzdæ r`dckzdæïa ïa nd pravd, `vktdgna d oarr`rkd pdrd edz`r uld r`vksïa n` úcld mard prÿxkla da nkd nd pravd. @stä `l núvknd par qudc ldtërkd oal`ædr d `stundr1! Pld nkod, oal`o` p`cd Cìgfud Rartufu`sd, ë d ldtërkd oal ldkar r`qukskæïa gas oagoursas, d hds` pdrd uld had kgt`rpr`tdæïa, kgt`rpr`tdæïa, ga qudc dhrdgf` tands ds autrds ldtërkds.
NKOD
Uknd _aokdc! _dh`las qu` edz pdrt` dcfulds dhnkodæð`s gd vknd n` qu`l `stund pdrd oagoursas púhckoas, s`lpr` qu` passìv`c ë klpartdgt` oagokckdr as `stunas oal as lal`gtas n` cdz`r ` h`l-`stdr. D vknd n` oagours`kra ë t`lparärkd, qu`l n`t`rlkgd a t`lpa ë vaoê, dtrdvës dtrdv ës nd sud n`nkodæïa ` `lp`gma. Uaoê t`rä qu` edz`r ul `searæa pdrd n`kxdr n`kxdr n` cdna ul pauoa d vknd saokdc kgt`gsd, ë klpartdgt` oalpr``gn`r qu` qudgna ear dpravdna, v`rä qu` tana a `searæa vdc`u d p`gd pdrd r`dckzdæïa na s`u sagma. had ul nkod, ë edz`r `x`roìokas oarrknd par `x`lpca ë odpdzdssaokdnds n` l`cmardr a eugokagdl`gta na _kst`ld G`rvasaPld O`gtrdc, nas edtar`s qu` sïaskoas, omdv`suld pdrdsklpc`s pranuæïa n` g`urþgkas gds r`fkð`s â dpr`gnkzdf`l ` l`lÿrkd.
Lavdæïa! D lavdæïa ë d omdv` na suo`ssa gd vknd nas oagours`kras. Oalpr``gn`las qu` g`l s`lpr` ë eäokc, ` ds v`z`s hdt` dqu`c` n`sègkla oal värkas edtar`s da gassa r`nar. r`nar. Rarël d ldkar fdrrd s`rä eaodr gd sud dpravdæïa ga oagoursa púhckoa nas s`us sagmas. Ë dhsacutdl`gt` garldc odsa vaoê gïa s`jd dpravdna n` prkl`krd, ë prklarnkdc qu` vaoê R@X_K_^D, R@X_K_^D, oal a t`lpa vaoê krä dnqukrkr oagm`okl`gta ` `xp`rkêgokd. @gtïa ë pr`oksa s` lavdr nkdrkdl`gt` pdrd s`fukr d husod nd dpravdæï dpravdæïa, a, dcfulds ark`gtdæð`s klpartdgt`s pdrd oags`fukr lavdæïa: - Rraour` c`r erds`s lavdokagdks, sïa ÿlds pdrd c`lhrdr nas s`us prapÿsktas9 - C`kd s`lpr` as n`pakl`gtas nas odgnkndtas dpravdnas gas oagoursas púhckoas9 - Rraour` `stdr s`lpr` `gtrdgna `l oagtdta oal as dpravdnas9 - @sor`v` a parqu` qu` vaoê n`s`jd s`r dpravdna ga oagoursa, qudgna vaoê sdh` s`us lavas, kssa t` nd ul ègkla ldkar pdrd s`fukr eaodna, targdgna a prao`ssa ldks prdz`rasa9 - _dkhd a qu` r`dcl`gt` t` klpucskagd, a qu` t` lavd. N`ssd ldg`krd s`rä ldks eäokc v`go`r ds dnv`rskndn`s qu` krä dpdr`o`r. dpdr`o`r. - Rraour` kldfkgdr vaoê `x`ro`gna d eugæïa nd vdfd pc`kt`dnd, s`gr d `laæïa nd dpravdæïa ` v`r ds p`ssads qu` vaoê fastd, e`ckz`s e`ckz `s oal s`u suo`ssa. Oala nkss`las ga oal`æa, gïa `xkst` uld eÿrlucd läfkod, ul lëtana kgedcìv`c. A qu` r`dcl`gt` `xkst` ë d sud fdrrd, sud n`nkodæïa ` lavdæïa pdrd `stdr r`dckzdgna a s`u frdgn` sagma, n` s`r dpravdna ga oagoursa púhckoa. Dor`nkt` `l vaoê ` ga s`u pat`gokdc. D _acuæïa t`l djundna mä ldks n` ?0 dgas qu`l qu`r v`go`r d hdtdcmd na oagoursa púhckoa. _` vaoê qu`r dul`gtdr ds suds omdgo`s n` pdssdr, oagm`æd oagm`æd as gassas ldt`rkdks, do`ssdgna a gassa skt`: www.dpascdsacuoda.oal.hr
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
C`kturd @ Kgt`rpr`tdæïa N` N` Nk Nkv`rsa sass ^k ^kpas N` N` ^` ^`xtas (C (Ckt`rärk rka as @ Gïa Ck Ckt`rärkas) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 _kgþgklas @ Dgtþgklas. _`gna Rrÿprka @ Ekfurdna Nds Rdcdv Rdcdvrds rds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Ragtudæïa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2= Ragtudæïa Ocdss`s N` Rdcdvrds: _uhstdgva, Dnj`va, Gul`rdc, Rragal`, U`rha, Dnvërhka, Rr`paskæïa @ Oagjugæïa: @lpr`fa @ _`gna Tu` Klprkl`l Âs X`cdæð`s Tu` @stdh`c`o`l @stdh`c`o`l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Oagoarnègokd U`rhdc @ Galkgdc Galkgdc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 X`fêgokd U`rhdc @ Galkgdc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8> Oacaodæïa Rragalkgdc Rragalkgdc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Ords` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8= _kfgkodæïa Nds Rdcdvrds Ga Oagt`xta Oagt`xta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?2 Psa Na Mìe`g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?8 ^`st`s @ X`spastds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?>
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
D kgt`rpr`tdæïa na t`xta ë a qu` pan`las oagocukr sahr` `c`, `c`, n`paks n` `stdh`c`o`r oag`xð`s `gtr` a qu` `stä `sorkta ` d r`dckr`dckndn`. _ïa ds oagocusð`s qu` pan`las rdr oal hds` gds kn`kds na dutar. @ssd dgäcks` aoarr` n` lana suhj`va, ` sïa r`cdokagdnds oal d n`nuæïa na c`ktar. D kgt`rpr`tdæïa n` t`xta ë a `c`l`gta-omdv` pdrd a r`suctdna dodnêlkoa, `okêgokd gd sacuæïa n` `x`roìokas ` l`sla gd oaloal pr``gsïa n` sktudæð`s na nkd-d-nkd. Dcël n` uld c`kturd ldks dt`gtd ` oagm`okl`gta prëvka sahr` a dssugta, a `c`l`gta n` eugndl`gtdc klpartègokd pdrd kgt`rpr`tdr ` oalpr``gn`r oarr`tdl`gt` ul t`xta ë t`r a nalìgka nd cìgfud. @ l`sla nalkgdgna d cìgfud ë lukta klpartdgt` t`r ul nknkokagärka par p`rta. Kssa parqu` gkgfuël oagm`o` a skfgkodna n` tands ds pdcdvrds ` ë lukta nkokc kgt`rpr`tdr ul t`xta n`soagm`n`soagm` o`gna o`rtas t`rlas.
C@K^PXD @ KG^@XRX@^DÆÏA N@ NKU@X_A_ ^KRA_ N@ ^@]^A_ CK^@XÄXK CK^@XÄXKA_ A_ @ GÏA CK^@XÄXKA_
C@K^PXD, OALRX@@G_ÏA @ KG^@XRX@^DÆÏA N@ ^@]^A_ C`kturd D c`kturd ë präod n` kgt`rdæïa saokdc n` ckgfudf`l. D c`kturd, oala präod saokdc, `xkf` ul c`ktar orìoa qu` s`jd odpdz n` lalahkckzdr s`us oagm`okl`gtas prëvkas, qu`r ckgfuìsoas ` t`xtudks, qu`r n` lugna, pdrd pr``gom`r as vdzkas na t`xta, oagstrukgna gavas skfgkodnas. @ss` c`ktar pdrt` na jä sdhkna/oagm`okna, lds, sup`rdgna `ss` cklkt`, kgoarpard, n` earld r``xkvd, gavas skfgkskfgkodnas d s`u ugkv`rsa n` oagm`okl`gta pdrd l`cmar `gt`gn`r d r`dckndn` `l qu` vkv`.
Nkods pdrd uld had kgt`rpr`tdæïa n` t`xta:
- C`kd tana a t`xta pdusdndl`gt` - X`c`kd a t`xta ` ldrqu` tands ds pdcdvrds qu` gïa sdh` a skfgkodna - U`jd a skfgkodna n` odnd uld n`cds ga nkokagärka ` dgat` - _`pdr` as pdräfrdeas na t`xta ` r`c`kd ul d ul edz`gna a s`u r`sula - @cdhar` uld p`rfugtd pdrd odnd pdräfrdea ` r`spagnd - Tu`sag` d earld usdnd pdrd `sor`v`r - Edæd ul gava t`xta oal ds suds pdcdvrds, lds skfd ds kn`kds na dutar.
Oalpr``gsïa D oalpr``gsïa n` ul t`xta ë d dgäcks` ` n`oankodæïa na qu` `stä r`dcl`gt` `sorkta g`c`, nds erds`s ` kn`kds dck pr`s`gt`s. D oalpr``gsïa n` t`xta skfgkod n`oankoä-ca pdrd `gt`gn`r a qu` eak nkta. Ë d dgäcks` ahj`vd ` d dssklkcdæïa nds pdcdvrds ` kn`kds pr`s`gt`s ga t`xta. Rdrd c`r ` `gt`gn`r ul t`xta ë g`o`ssärka aht`r naks gìv`ks n` c`kturd: kgearldvd ` n` r`oagm`okl`gta. Pl t`xta pdrd s`r oalpr``gnkna n`v` dpr`s`gtdr kn`kds s`c`s`c`tds ` arfdgkzdnds, dtrdvës nas pdräfrdeas qu` ë oalpasta p`cd kn`kd o`gtrdc, drful`gtdæïa/n`s`gvacvkl`gta ` d oagocusïa na t`xta. Tudgna s` nkz qu` uld p`ssad t`l d oalpr``gsïa n` dcfa, skfskfgkod qu` ë natdnd na p`re`kta nalìgka kgt`c`otudc kgt`c`otudc sahr` a dssugta. dssugta. Rdrd qu` mdjd d oalpr``gsïa n` dcfa, oala ul t`xta, par `x`lpca, `x`l pca, ë g`o`ssärkd d sud kgt`rpr`tdæïa. Rdrd kssa, a kgnkvìnua n`v` s`r odpdz n` n`sv`gndr a skfgkodna nds oagstruæð`s t`xt`xtudks, oal a kgtukta n` oalpr``gn`r a s`gna na oagt`xta n` uld erds`. Dsskl, qudgna gïa mä uld oarr`td kgt`rpr`tdæïa nd l`gsdl`gsdf`l, oags`qu`gt`l`gt` gïa mä d oarr`td oalpr``gsïa nd l`sld.
C`lhr`-s` qu` pdrd sdh`r oalpr``gn`r ` kgt`rpr`tdr lukta h`l qudcqu`r pa n` t`xta, ë `ss`gokdc `ss `gokdc qu` s` c`kd lukta. Tudgta ldks s` cê, ldks edokckndn` n` kgt`rpr`tdr s` t`l. @ kssa ë eugndeugndl`gtdc `l qudcqu`r oaksd qu` s` edæd, n`sn` ul oagoursa, v`s hucdr, dtë d c`kturd n` ul dgúgoka gd rud. X`sulkgna:
Kgt`rpr`tdæïa Kgt`rpr`tdr ë d dæïa au `e`kta qu` `stdh`c`o` uld r`cdæïa n` p`ro`pæïa nd l`gsdf`l qu` s` qu`r trdgslkr, s`jd `cd skluctèskluctèg`d au oags`ouvd, `gtr` nuds p`ssads au `gndn`s. D klpartègokd ndnd âs qu`stð`s n` kgt`rpr`tdæïa n` t`xtas n`n`v`-s` da odrät`r kgt`rnksokpckgdr, a qu` `qukvdc` nkz`r qu` d oalp`oalp` têgokd n` c`r t`xta kgt`re`r` n`oknkndl`gt` ga dpr`gnkzdna `l f`f` rdc, jä qu` had pdrt` na oagm`okl`gta ldks klpartdgt` gas om`fd par l`ka nd ckgfudf`l `sorktd. D ldkar m`rdgæd qu` d `soacd pan` c`fdr das s`us dcugas ë d oalp`têgokd n` c`r oal dutagalkd, ksta ë, n` `xtrdkr n` ul t`xta as s`us skfgkodnas. Gul t`xta, odnd uld nds pdrt`s `stä oalhkgdnd oal ds autrds, orkdgna ul tana qu` gïa ë l`ra r`suctdna nd sald nds pdrt`s, lds nd sud droucdæïa. Dsskl, d dpr``gsïa na skfgkodna fcahdc r`suctd n` värkds c`kturds doalpdgmdnds n` värkds mkpÿt`s`s kgt`rpr`tdvds, c`vdgtdnds c`vdgt dnds d pdrr nd oalpr``gsïa n` ndnas ` kgearldæð`s kgsorktas ga t`xta ckna ` na gassa oagm`okl`gta na lugna.
4
Oalpr``gsïa
Kgt`rpr`tdæïa
A qu` ë
Ë d dgäcks` na qu` `stä `sorkta ga t`xta, d oalpr``gsïa nds erds`s ` kn`kds pr`s`gt`s.
Ë a qu` pan`las oagoagocukr sahr` a qu` `stä `sorkta ga t`xta. Ë a lana oala kgt`rpr`tkgt`rpr`tdlas a oagt`úna.
Kgearldæïa
D kgearldæïa `stä pr`s`gt` ga t`xta.
D kgearldæïa `stä eard na t`xta, lds t`l oag`xïa oal `c`.
Dgäcks`
^rdhdcmd oal d ahj`v ^rdhdcmd ahj`v-kndn`l, oal ds erds`s ` pdcdvrds qu` `stïa `sorktds ga t`xta.
^rdhdcmd oal d suhsuh j`vkndn`, oal a qu` vaoê `gt`gn`u sahr` a t`xta.
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
TP@_^Ð@_
Dpÿs d c`kturd dt`gtd na t`xta, dgdcks` ds drldæð`s e`ktds: K. A jargdckstd Jagds Udc`gt` `stä edz`gna ul `cafka â vksïa `qukckhrdnd ` vdgfudrnkstd nd Oalkssïa Rdrcdl`gtdr qu` c`fkscd sahr` orkl`s okh`rgëoas gd Oèldrd nas N`putdnas. KK. A Ldroa Okvkc nd Kgt`rg`t ë oagskn`rdna ul u l dvdgæa `l tanas as s`gnas, ` d r`e`rknd Oalkssïa Rdrcdl`gtdr `stä qu`qu` r`gna o`ro`dr a nkr`kta â pc`gd `x`ouæïa n`st` ldroa. KKK. Mä a t`lar qu` a do`ssa d cl`s, sërk`s, kgearldæð`s `l f`rdc ` a ckvr` lana n` s` `xpr`ssdr v`gmdl d saer`r sae r`r o`gsurd oal d gavd c`k qu` pan` s`r dpravdnd gd Oèldrd nas N`putdnas. KU. D gdv`fdæïa gd kgt`rg`t, oala dcfa oagtracdna, gd vksïa na jargdckstd, `stä cagf` n` s` oagor`zdr dtrdvës nds c`ks d s`s`r`l vatdnds ga Oagfr`ssa Gdokagdc. U. Oalhdt`r as orkl`s nd kgt`rg`t oal d o`gsurd, pdrd a jarjargdckstd, `stä cagf` n` s`r uld `strdtëfkd oarr`td, s`gna l`sla p`rv`rsd ` ldgkpucdnard ldgkpucdnard..
24. _R Rdro`rkds - Dgdckstd ^ëogko - 824= - EOO Pld oalpr``gsïa nd Mkstÿrkd @u `gt`gna d Mkstÿrkd gul s`gna skgorþgkoa, ksta ë, `l qu` tuna doagt`o` skluctdg`dl`gt`. Rar oags`fukgt`, a qu` praourd a raldgokstd - da l`gas ë a qu` `u t`gta edz`r - ë `s`s haædr ul s`gna pdrd tana `ss` odas n` edtas frdvdnas frdvdnas gd t`cd na t`lpa. _`k qu` `ss`s edtas s` n`rdl `l t`lpas nksgtas, lds praoura `goagtrdr ul a oalul `gtr` `c`s. Gïa s` trdtd n` `sodpdr na pr`s`gt`. Rdrd lkl, tuna a qu` doagt`o`u `stä d doagt`o`r. @ ksta gïa ë gava, jä a drldvd a p`gsdnar ktdckdga H`g`n`a Orao`, da `sor`v`r: –^and d Mkstÿrkd ë Mkstÿrkd oagoag t`lparèg`d“. _` v`ss` qu` `soacm`r ul skgdc qu` ldrodss` l`u gart` n` vknd, s`rkd `ssd erds` n` Orao`. (_DXDLDFA, Jasë. Ds pdcdvrds n` _drdldfa. _ïa Rduca: Oalpdgmkd nds C`trds, 8242, p. 805)
Dsskgdc` d apæïa qu` oagtël tands ds dct`rgdvds oarr`tds. D) K, KK, KKK. H) KK, KKK, KU. O) KK, KKK, U. N) KK, KU, U.
Jasë _drdldfa `gt`gn` qu` sud eugæïa oala raldgokstd ë D) `stundr ` kldfkgdr d Mkstÿrkd `l s`us lavkl`gtas skgskg orþgkoas pr`nalkgdgt`s. H) kfgardr d nksgæïa `gtr` as t`lpas mkstÿrkoas pdrd ldgldgtê-cas vkvas `l s`u pdssdna. O) husodr trdædr uld ckgmd oaggud n` s`gna `gtr` edtas nksp`rsas `l t`lpas nksgtas. N) edz`r pr`nalkgdr a s`gna na t`lpa `l qu` s` vkv` sasa hr` a t`lpa `l qu` s` vkv`u. @) `xpr`ssdr ds nke`r`gæds `gtr` as t`lpas mkstÿrkoas n` lana d vdcarkzä-cds `l sk l`slds.
2?. Rr`e. n` _ïa Fagædca ‟ XJ ‟ Dgdckstd n` Oagtdhkckndn` ‟ 8246 - HKA-XKA Ënkpa-r`k Nkdgt` na pdcäoka n` Ënkpa. Pl frupa n` orkdgæds `stä dja`dja`cmdna gas n`frdus nd `gtrdnd. Odnd ul t`l gd lïa ul rdla n` ackv`krd. N` pë, ga l`ka n`cds, `stä a sdo`rnat` n` Z`us. (@nkpa-X`k, _ÿeaoc`s, X_: C&RL, 824?)
28. Rr`e. n` Omdp`oÿ ‟ _O ‟ @gf`gm`kra n` ^règskta ‟ 8245 - KAHU
A t`xta ë d pdrt` kgtranutÿrkd n` uld nds ldkar`s p`æds träfkods na t`dtra fr`fa ` `x`lpckod a lana n`sorkva n` ararfdgkzdæïa nksourskvd. A `c`l`gta dhdkxa qu` GÏA `stä pr`s`gt` g`ssd n`sorkæïa ë: D) d caodckzdæïa caodckzdæïa nd o`gd n`sorktd. n`sorktd. H) d kn`godæïa nas p`rsagdf`gs pr`s`gt`s. O) d nkstrkhukæïa `spdokdc nas p`rsagdf`gs. N) a prao`ssa n`sorkva nds pdrt`s pdrd a tana. @) d n`sorkæïa n` hds` vksudc.
Rar Jagds Udc`gt`*, `sp`okdc pdrd `st` hcaf.
D Oalkssïa Rdrcdl`gtdr n` Kgquërkta sahr` Orkl`s Okh`rgëOkh`rgë oas nd Oèldrd nas N`putdnas nkvucfau s`u r`cdtÿrka gdc. G`c`, dpr`s`gtd prapastd n` nkv`rsas praj`tas n` c`k oal d jusodvd n` oalhdt`r n`cktas gd r`n`. Lds a oagt`úna n`ssds prapaskæð`s ëHrdskc, `xpcaskva ` pan` lundr d Kgt`rg`t oala oagm`o`las maj` gaorkdgna ul dlhk`gt` n` o`gsurd gddw`h, dlpckdgna d r`r` pr`ssïa da do`ssa d cl`s, sërk`s ` autras oagt`únas gïa aokdks, r`rdgna nkr`ktas nas kgt`rgdutds ` trdgsearldgna r`n`s saokdks ` autras dpckodvas `l läqukgds n` vkfkcègokd. Gïa ë n` maj` qu` a nksoursa nd s`furdgæd gd Kgt`rg`t ë usdna pdrd t`gtdr dtdodr a odrät`r ckvr`, pcurdc ` nkv`rsa nd KgKg t`rg`t. Oala mä nkoucndn`s n` s` dpurdr orkl`s gd r`n`, ds sacuæð`s husodl orklkgdckzdr a läxkla passìv`c ` trdgsearldr d gdv`fdæïa `l dcfa oagtracdna, vkacdgna a prkgoìpka nd pr`sugpr`sug æïa nd kgaoêgokd pr`vksta gd Oagstukæïa E`n`rdc. Ga odsa nas orkl`s oagtrd d magrd, d sacuæïa dnatdnd pan` t`r ul klpdota träfkoa pdrd a n`hdt` n`laoräoa gds r`n`s saokdks ‟ dtudcl`gdtudcl`gt` tïa klpartdgt` qudgta dqu`c` r`dckzdna gds ruds ` autras ca ca-odks nd vknd a ckg`. Dcël nkssa, ds prapastds lucdl a Ldroa Okvkc nd Kgt`rg`t, c`k dpravdnd n`paks n` dlpca n`hdt` gd saok`saok`ndn` ` qu` ë r`e`rêgokd kgt`rgdokagdc. kgt`rgdokagdc.
2>. LR@-XJ ‟ Dgdckstd na Lkgkstërka Rúhckoa - Rrao`ssudc ‟ 8245 - EFU Rrahc`lds _aokdks Prhdgas Hrdskc `soacd
N`gtr` as prahc`lds saokdks urhdgas, l`r`o` n`stdqu` d qu`stïa nd s`fr`fdæïa urhdgd, eruta nd oago`gtrdæ oago`gtrdæïa ïa n` r`gnd ga `spdæa nds okndn`s ` nd edctd n` pcdg`jdl`gta púhckoa qu` vks` â pralaæïa n` pacìods n` oagtrac` da or`sokl`gta n`sarn`sarn`gdna nds okndn`s. D `sp`oucdæïa klahkckärkd edvar`o` a `god`godr`okl`gta nas caodks ldks prÿxklas nas frdgn`s o`gtras, tartar gdgna-as kgdo`ssìv`ks â frdgn` ldssd papucdokagdc. Dcël nkssa, â l`nknd qu` ds okndn`s or`so`l, är`ds qu` dgt`s `rdl hdrdtds ` n` eäokc do`ssa targdl-s` ldks odrds, a qu` oagtrkhuk pdrd qu` d frdgn` ldkarkd nd papucdæïa pahr` husqu` par lardnkds `l
(*HCAF NA _DIDLA^A, C. 2>/2>/8245)
r`fkð`s dkgnd ldks nkstdgt`s.
8
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
@ssds p`ssads saer`l oal ds frdgn`s nkstègokds nas caodks n` r`sknêgokd oal as o`gtras oal`rokdks ` as caodks agn` trdhdtrdhdcmdl, uld v`z qu` d `sldfdnard ldkarkd nas mdhktdgt`s qu` sasaer`l oal `ss` prao`ssa sïa trdhdcmdnar`s oal hdkxas sdcärkas. Kgocu`l-s` d kssa ds pr`oärkds oagnkæð`s n` trdgspart` púhckoa ` d pësskld kgerd`struturd n`ssds zagds s`fr`fdnds, qu` âs v`z`s gïa oagtdl oal sdg`dl`gta häskoa au dsedcta ` dpr`s`gtdl
ë passìv`c, dnqukrkgna c`gt`s qu` oustdl o`gtdvas, trdgsearldr a sldrtpmag` gul sup`rlkorasoÿpka qu` p`rlkt` edz`r nkdfnkdf gÿsoas dkgnd ldks sasodnas. ^una kssa dckdna â n`laordzdæïa na oagm`okl`gta, nkz ^a^a pac, edrä oal qu` ds p`ssads dnlkgkstr`l ldks sud prÿprkd sdúsdú n`, r`oarr`gna da lënkoa `l l`gar gúl`ra n` aodskð`s ` n` pr`e`rêgokd par vkd `c`trþgkod. Ë a lal`gta, dss`furd a dutar,
`c`vdnas ìgnko`s n` vkacêgokd. D `sp`oucdæïa klahkckärkd tdlhël do`gtud ul prahc`ld odnd v`z ldkar ga `spdæa nds frdgn`s, lënkds ` dtë p`qu`gds okndn`s: d qu`stïa nas cat`s vdfas. @ss` prahc`ld doagt`o` par naks prkgokpdks lavas: 4) edctd n` pan`r dqukskva nd papucdæïa qu` passuk t`rr`gas, lds qu` gïa passuk oagnkæð`s n` oagstrukr g`c`s ` 8) d `sp`rd p`cd vdcarkzdæïa nas cat`s pdrd qu` `ss`s s` targ`l ldks odras pdrd uld v`gnd past`rkar. @ss`s cat`s vdfas f`rdcl`gt` dpr`s`gtdl prahc`lds oala a doúluca n` ckxa, ldta dcta, ` dodhdl targdgna-s` eaoas n` na`gæds, oala d n`gfu`.
n` d dutagalkd pdok`gt`d `l`nkokgd. dhdgnagdr a pdt`rgdckspdt`rgdcksladlpckdr qu` n`sn` Mkpÿordt`sna dssalhrd Oagoarndgna oal ds ckgmds f`rdks na p`gsdl`gta n` ^apac, lds doma qu`, oala tana `gtuskdstd nd t`ogacafkd, `c` pravdpravdv`cl`gt` `xdf`rd. Doma klpraväv`c, par `x`lpca, qu` as masmaspktdks odlkgm`l pdrd uld räpknd `xgæïa. Ndgna dcful n`sn`s oagta pdrd ds pr`vksð`s, –^m` Rd`gt... Rd`gt...““ ë uld `xo`c`gt` c`kturd pdrd as kgt`r`ssdnas gds trdgsearldæ trdgsearldæð`s ð`s nd l`nkokgd.
R@GD, Xanacea E. Dcv`s. –Rrahc`lds saokadlhk`gtdks urhdgas“9 Hrdskc @soacd. Nkspagìv`c `l mp://hrdskc`soacd.uac.oal.hr/hrdskc/prahc`lds-dlmp://hrdskc`soacd.uac.oal.hr/hrdskc/prahc`lds-dlhk`gtdks-saokdks-n`oarr`gt`s-urhdgkzdæïa.mtl. Do`ssa `l 4> n` dhrkc n` 8245.
_`fugna a dutar oktdna ga t`xta, a eutura nd l`nkokgd: D) `goagtrd-s` dl`dædna p`cd dctd t`ogacafkd9 H) n`v`rä oagtdr oal a dpaka paskva nd t`ogacafkd9 O) c`vdrä â `xgæïa nd prassïa n` lënkoa9 N) kgn`p`gn`rä oalpc`tdl`gt` nas lënkoas9 @) `stdrä cklktdna das l`kas `c`trþgkoas.
Eacmd n` _ïa Rduca agckg` ‟ Oacugd Mëcka _omwdrtsldg ‟ 46/24/8245.
D `struturdæïa na t`xta ë e`ktd na s`fukgt` lana: D) uld kgtranuæïa n`gknard nas prahc`lds saokdks urhdurhdgas ` ul n`s`gvacvkl`gta oal n`stdqu` n` dcfugs prahc`lds9 H) uld dharndf`l nkr`td nas prahc`lds oal s`c`æïa ` `x`xpckodæïa n` ul n`c`s, vksta oala a ldks klpartdgt`9 O) uld dpr`s`gtdæïa n` odrät`r mkstÿrkoa s`fuknd nd `xpckok`xpckoktdæïa n` dcfugs prahc`lds ckfdnas âs frdgn`s okndn`s9 N) uld r`e`rêgokd kl`nkdtd d ul nas prahc`lds saokdks ururhdgas, sud `xpckoktdæïa, s`fuknd nd oktdæïa n` ul s`fugna pra pra-hc`ld9 @) ul n`stdqu` n` ul nas prahc`lds urhdgas, s`fukna n` sud `xpckodæïa mkstÿrkod, mkstÿrkod, lava n` orìod âs dtudks dutarkndn`s.
X@_RA_^D_ 24
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CKGFPDF@L U@XHDC @ GÏA U@XHDC
20. LR@-XJ ‟ ^ëogkoa na Lkgkstërka Rúhckoa - DnlkgkstrdDnlkgkstrd vd ‟ 8245 - EFU
Omdldlas n` Ckgfudf`l d mdhkckndn` n` `xpr`ssdr gassds kn`kds, s`gl`gtas ` apkgkð`s. ^rdtd-s` n` ul e`gþl`ga oalugkodva. Psdlas värkas pas n` ckgfudf`gs pdrd oalugkodæïa: skgdks, sìlhacas, sags, f`stas ` r`frds oal skgdks oagv`gokagdks. oagv`gok agdks. D ckgfudf`l pan` s`r:
A eutura nd l`nkokgd A dvdgæa nd t`ogacafkd de`tau ds hds`s n` had pdrt` nds prassð`s. Ds vìlds s` oagtdl âs n`z`gds ` kgocu`l lúskoas, jargdckstds, odrt`kras `to. Pl aoka r`cdvdl`g r`cdvdl`gt` t` paupdna dtë dquk ë a n` lënkoa. Dtë dquk. D or`r ga lënkoa ` –f``i“ @rko ^a^apac, dutar n` –^m` – ^m` Rd`gt Vkcc _`` [au Gaw“ (a pdok`gt` vdk vêvê-ca dfard), `stä ga earga uld r`vacuæïa nd qudc as lënkoas gïa `sodpdrïa,, lds qu` t`rä klpdotas paskvas pdrd as pdok`gt`s. `sodpdrïa Rdrd ^apac, a eutura `stä gas sldrtpmag`s. A dutar gas oacaod d pdr n` kgorìv`ks t`ogacafkds, jä nkspagìv`ks au lukta prÿxklds nkssa, qu` t`rïa frdgn` klpdota sahr` d l`nkokgd. Jä ë passìv`c, par `x`lpca, eatafrdedr pkgtds susp`ktds ` `gvkdr ds kldf`gs d ul dcfarktla qu` ds dgdcksd ` nkz oal ldks pr`oksïa na qu` ul n`rldtacafkst n`rldtacafkstdd s` d ldgomd ë kgae`gskvd au s` pan` s`r ul oègo`r oègo`r,, a qu` `xkf` l`nknds dnkokagdks. @stä pdrd om`fdr da l`rodna ul dp`tr`oma qu` trdgsearld a o`cucdr gul v`rndn`kra cdhardtÿrka n` dgäcks`s ocìgkods, r`dckr`dckzdgna ldks n` 02 `xdl`s d uld erdæïa na ousta dtudc. ^dlhël
U`rhdc: usd ds pdcdvrds pdrd s` oalugkodr. Gïa v`rhdc: usd autras l`kas n` oalugkodæïa, qu` gïa s`jdl ds pdcdvrds. Rar `x`lpca: ckgfudf`l n` skgdks, pcdods ` skgdks n` trègskta, ckgfudf`l oarpardc, furd, `xpr`ssïa edokdc, `to.
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CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
CKGFPDF@L U@XHDC
CKGFPDF@L GÏA U@XHDC
hkcm`t`s9
dpktas9
odrtds9
hdgn`krds9
oagv`rsds9
huzkgds9
n`or`tas9
oar`s9
nkäcafas9 `-ldkcs9
n`s`gmas9 `xpr`ssð`s edokdks9
`gtr`vkstds9
furds9
cl`s9
f`stas9
jargdks9
kldf`gs9
ckt`rdturd9
cafapas9
ckvras9
cuz`s9
aokas9
pkgturds9
pa`skds9
pcdods9
prasds9
pasturds oarpardks9
r`partdf`gs9
s`läearas9
r`vkstds9
skgdks n` trègskta
skt`s9
skgdks9
t`c`eag`lds9
sìr`g`s9
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U`jdlas dfard dcfugs `x`lpcas n` t`xtas gïa v`rhdks:
Ckgfudf`l kgt`gokagdc: ^and v`z qu` gas n`pdrdrlas oal ul t`xta n`spr`t`gskasa au s`jd s`l g`gmul ahj`va pan`las jucfdr qu` mä dcful pa n` pr`t`gsïa. Rdrd odnd pa n` kgt`gæïa `xkst` uld earld nksgtd n` ckgfudf`l. Rar kssa, uld n`ocdrdæïa n` dlar ë e`ktd n` j`kta ` uld `gtr`vkstd n` `lpr`fa n` autrd. Gïa ë nkokc nksgfukr as pas n` ckgfudf`gs, paks edcdnd au `sorktd, sÿ pan` s`r v`rhdc. _`lpr` qu` d oalugkodæïa pr`oksdr n` uld `struturd frdldodc dn`qudnd pdrd s`r `gt`gnknd, `cd s`rä uld ckgfudf`l v`rhdc.
@xkst` tdlhël d Ckgfudf`l lkstd, qu` ë a usa skluctèg`a nas naks pas n` ckgfudf`l pdrd `stdh`c`o`r d oalugkodæïa. @cd aoarr` qudgna par `x`lpca nkz`las qu` skl ` da l`sla t`lpa hdcdgædlas d odh`æd. @stä tdlhël pr`s`gt` `l mkstÿrkds `l qudnrkgmas, `l omdrf`s, `l vìn`a, `to. D Cìgfud ë ul kgstrul`gta n` oalugkodæïa, oalugkodæïa, qu` passuk ul odrät`r saokdc: p`rt`go` d ul oagjugta n` p`ssads, qu` pan`l dfkr sahr` `cd. Odnd p`ssad pan` aptdr par uld n`t`rlkgdnd earld n` `xpr`ssïa. Rarël, gïa s` pan` orkdr uld cìgfud `sp`oìod ` qu`r`r qu` autras edcdgt`s `gt`gndl. Cìgfud ìgfud ë ë nke`r`gt` n` `sorktd. D `sorktd ë ul `stäfka past`past`rkar n` uld cìgfud. D cìgfud edcdnd ë ldks `spagtèg`d, doalpddoalpdgmdnd p`ca tal n` vaz ` dcfulds v`z`s par lìlkods. D cìgfud `sorktd ë ul skst`ld ldks rìfkna, gïa oagtd oal a jafa skagþskagþlkoa, lìlkods ` a tal n` vaz. Ga Hrdskc, tanas edcdl d cìgfud partufu`sd, lds `xkst`l usas nke`r`gt`s nd cìgfud par nkv`rsas edtar`s. N`gtr` `c`s: Edtar`s Edtar`s X`fkagdks, Edtar`s Oucturdks, EdtaEdtar`s Oagt`xtudks, Edtar`s Rrasskagdks ` ` Edtar`s Gdturdks.
TP@_^Ð@_ 24. _ahr` ds ckgfudf`gs v`rhdc ` gïa v`rhdc, `stïa oarr`tds, `xo`ta: d) d ckgfudf`l gïa v`rhdc ë oalpastd par skfgas sagaras au vksudks, oala pcdods, kldf`gs, vìn`as `to. h) d ckgfudf`l v`rhdc nkz r`sp`kta das skfgas qu` sïa earldnas par pdcdvrds. @c`s pan`l s`r skgdks vksudks ` sagaras. o) d ckgfudf`l v`rhdc, par nkspar n` `c`l`gtas ckgfuìsoas oagor`tas, pan` s`r oagskn`rdnd sup`rkar â ckgfudf`l gïa v`rhdc. n) ckgfudf`l v`rhdc ` gïa v`rhdc sïa klpartdgt`s, ` a suo`ssa gd oalugkodæïa n`p`gn` n`cds, au s`jd, qudgna ul kgt`rcaoutar r`o`h` ` oalpr``gn` uld l`gsdf`l dn`qudndl`gt`.
D Edcd ë a usa ardc nd cìgfud. ^rdtd-s` n` ul dta kgnkvknudc, agn` odnd ul `soacm` d earld qu` l`cmar s` `xpr`ssd. Dsskl, mä värkas gìv`ks nd edcd. N`vkna da odrät`r kgnkvknudc nd edcd, pan`-s` ahs`rvdr naks gìv`ks: - Oacaqukdc-Rapucdr : gìv`c nd edcd ldks `spagtèg`a, agn` gïa gas pr`aoupdlas `l sdh`r s` edcdlas n` doarna au gïa oal ds r`frds earldks. - Earldc-Oucta: Earldc-Oucta: garldcl`gt` uckzdna p`cds p`ssads `l sktudæð`s earldks. Ë g`o`ssärka ul oukndna ldkar oal a vaodhucärka ` s`fukr ds r`frds frdldodks frdldodks nd cìgfud.
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CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
28. Tudc 28. Tudc a pa n` ckgfudf`l uckzdnd dhdkxa:
D) nkoucndn` n` oag`xïa `gtr` ds p`ssads H) do`c`rdæïa nd vknd gd oagt`lpardg`kndn` O) n`soagm`okl`gta nds passkhkckndn`s n` nkäcafa N) n`s`goagtra n` p`gsdl`gtas sahr` ul dssugta 20. Fräoas sïa `x`lpcas n` uckzdæïa skluctèg`d nds ckgfudf`gs v`rhdc ` gïa v`rhdc. Ë pr`oksa dgdcksdr ds nuds aoarrêgokds pdrd d oalpr``gsïa na t`xta.
mps://www.tandldt`rkd.oal.hr/ckgfudf`l-v`rhdc-`-gda-v`rhdc/
D) Ckgfudf`l v`rhdc H) Ckgfudf`l gïa v`rhdc O) Ckgfudf`l lkstd N) Ckgfudf`l oagatdvd 2?. Tudgna dsskslas ul jafa n` eut`hac, ds ckgfudf`gs 2?. v`rhdc ` gïa v`rhdc `stïa `gvacvknds. Tudc n`cds dhdkxa r`pr`s`gtd d ckgfudf`l v`rhdc usdnds gds pdrnds n` eut`hac:
Gas fräoas, as `c`l`gtas vksudks ` as `c`l`gtas t`xtudks sïa eugndl`gtdks pdrd a `gt`gnkl`gta tatdc nd l`gsdf`l trdgslknd. Ga fräoa `l qu`stïa, d ckgfudf`l v`rhdc ` d ckgfudf`l gïa v`rhdc têl oala kgt`gæïa lastrdr da c`ktar qu`:
D) Hdgn`krds n` klp`nkl`gta H) Odrtð`s v`rl`cma ` dldr`ca O) Caoutar na Eut`hac N) A dpkta na jukz
D) A gúl`ra n` odsdl`gtas `gtr` p`ssads dokld n` 52 dgas nklkguku `l ul p`rìana n` okgoa dgas. H) A gúl`ra n` p`ssads dokld n` 52 dgas qu` `stïa kgs`rknds ga l`rodna n` trdhdcma ë praparokagdcl`gt` kgv`rsa â qudgndn` n` p`ssads qu` s` odsdl g`ssd edkxd `tärkd. O) Dpr`s`gtd ndnas pdrd a c`ktar qu` oalpravdl a dul`gta ga gúl`ra n` odsdl`gtas `gtr` p`ssads dokld n` 52 dgas, dsskl oala a dul`gta nd kgs`ræïa n` p`ssads dokld n` 52 dgas ga l`rodna n` trdhdcma. N) Dpr`s`gtd d pr`aoupdæïa oal d nklkgukæïa ga gúl`ra n` odsdl`gtas `gtr` p`ssads n` värkds edkxds `tärkds nd
2>. P@XJ
papucdæïa hrdskc`krd, dsskl oala d nkoucndn` pdrd oags`fukr `lpr`fa ga l`rodna n` trdhdcma.n`ssds p`ssads X@_RA_^D_
Lkg`kra n` Drdfudrk, a odrtugkstd Oducas jä puhckoau s`us trdhdcmas `l nkv`rsas jargdks, `gtr` `c`s a Jargdc na Hrdskc ` a ^m` G`w [ari ^kl`s
Ga odrtul dpr`s`gtdna, a skfgkodna nd pdcdvrd `sorktd ë r`earædna p`cas `c`l`gtas vksudks, prÿprkas nd ckgfudf`l gïa v`rhdc. D s`pdrdæïa nds c`trds nd pdcdvrd `l hdcð`s nksgtas oagtrkhuk pdrd `xpr`ssdr prkgokpdcl`gt` d s`fukgt` kn`kd:
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CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
Rackss`lkd
_KGÞGKLA_ @ DG^ÞGKLA_ _@G^KNA RXßRXKA @ EKF PXDNA ND_ RDCDUXD_ RDCDUXD_
Rackss`lkd kgnkod d odpdokndn` n` uld pdcdvrd dpr`s`gtdr uld lucpckokndn` n` skfgkodnas, oagearl` a oagt`xta `l qu` aoarr`. Pld pdcdvrd pan` t`r ldks n` uld skfgkodæïa. @x.: Ldgfu`krd: tuha Ldgfu`krd: tuha n` harrdomd au pcäsoa pdrd r`fdr ds pcdgpcdgtds au dpdfdr kgoêgnkas9 ärvar` erue`rd9 frdgn` ourrdc n` fdna.
_KFGKEK ODÆÏA ND_ RDCDUXD_ RDCDUXD_ D _kfgkodæïa nds pdcdvrds ë `stundnd p`cd s`lègod, qu` `stund a s`gna nds pdcdvrds ` ds r`cdæð`s n` s`gna qu` ds pdcdvrdss `stdh`c`o`l `gtr` sk. pdcdvrd
R`gd: pculd9 p`æd n` l`tdc pdrd `sor`v`r9 pugkæïa9 nÿ. R`gd: pculd9 N`gatdæïa ` oagatdæïa
_kgþgklas ` dgtþgklas
N`gatdæïa kgnkod d odpdokndn` n` ds pdcdvrds dpr`s`gtddpr`s`gtdr`l ul s`gna ckt`rdc (prÿprka) ` ahj`va. D oagatdæïa kgnkod d odpdokndn` n` ds pdcdvrds dpr`s`gtdr`l ul s`gna furdna furdna ` sklhÿckoa.
_kgþgklas: pdcdvrds n` s`gna kfudc au pdr`okna. _kgþgklas: @x.: g`o`ssärka, `ss`gokdc, eugndl`gtdc, ahrkfdtÿrka F`rdcl`gt` ë kgnke`r`gt` usdr ul skgþgkla au autra. A edta ckgfuìsoa n` `xksr`l skgþgklas omdld-s` skgagìlkd skgagìlkd,, pdpdcdvrd qu` tdlhël n`skfgd a `lpr`fa n` skgþgklas.
@x`lpcas oal s`gna n`gatdva: @x`lpcas Ds äfuds pkgfdvdl äfuds pkgfdvdl nd nd targ`krd, (s`gna prÿprka). Ds mards kdl pkgfdgna kdl pkgfdgna c`gtdl`gt`, c`gtdl`gt`, (s`gna furdna).
Dgtþgklas: pdcdvrds n` s`gna apasta. Dgtþgklas: pdcdvrds @x.: n`nkodna: n`skgt`r`ssdna, n`skgt`r`ssdna, n`sdp`fdna, n`sdp`fdna, r`cdpsa. Ragtudc: dtrdsdna, r`tdrndna r`tdrndna,, krr`spagsäv`c.
@x`lpcas oal s`gna oagatdva: Oalpr`k uld oarr`ggmd n` aura. Eucdga gdndvd `l aura aura..
D dgtagìlkd dgtagìlkd pan` pan` s`r arkfkgdnd par ul pr`xa n` s`gna apasta au g`fdva. @x.: sklpäoa/dgpäoa, prafr`nkr/r`fr`prafr`nkr/r`fr`nkr, dva/kgdva, `sp`rdr/n`s`sp`rdr, sklëtrkoa/dssklëtrkoa.
Mkp`ragìlkdd ` mkpagìlkd Mkp`ragìlk Mkp`ragìlkd ` d mkpagìlkd kgnkodl d odpdokndn` nds pdcdvrds `stdh`c`o`r`l r`cdæð`s mk`rärqukods n` skfgkodna. Pl mkp`rþgkmkp`rþgk la, pdcdvrd sup`rkar oal ul s`gna ldks dhrdgf`gt`, `gfcahd ul mkpþgkla, pdcdvrd kge`rkar oal s`gna ldks r`strkta.
Malþgklas _` r`e`r` â odpdokndn` n` ds pdcdvrds s`r`l malþgklds (sal kfudc, `sorktd kfudc, skfgkodna nke`r`gt`), malÿeagds (sal kfudc, `sorktd nke`r`gt`, skfgkodna nke`r`gt`) au malÿfrdeds (sal nke`r`gt`, `sorktd kfudc, skfgkodna nke`r`gt`). A oagt`xta ë qu`l vdk n`t`rlkgdr d skfgkodæïa s kfgkodæïa nas malþmalþgklas. @cd pan` s`r odusd n` dlhkfukndn`, par kssa ë oagskn`rdoagskn`rdnd uld n`okêgokd nas knkalds.
Erutd ë mkp`rþgkla n` hdgdgd. Hdgdgd ë mkpþgkla n` erutd. TP@_^Ð@_
Malþgklas rka (oursa n` äfud) ` rka (v`rha rkr)9 odlkgma (kg`rärka) ` odlkgma (v`rha odlkgmdr).
48. Rr`e. n` Ktdqukgfd/R@ ‟ Rskoÿcafa ‟ 8245 - KNM^@O KNM^@O D `gtrdnd nas prkskag`kras eak oalav`nard (...) As oalhdoalhd t`gt`s oagt`lpcdvdl-gas `gtrkst`oknas. _urpr``gnkdl-s`9 oaoalavkdl-s`. A drrdkdc, kg `xtr`lks, pugmdcm`s dnkdgt`, gdqu`c` drlksoka trdgsktÿrka, uld c`fkïa n`sdrldnd, lucdnd edlkgtd
Malÿeagas o`l (kgnkod edctd) a `stdsoa) s`gsa(gúl`ra) (s`gna)``s`l o`gsa (c`vdgtdl`gt (c`vdgtdl`gta
` ocdunkodgt`, gul dssdcta ldks nura qu` a nds trkgom`krds `l eafa. Oustdvd-cm`s dnlkr qu` tand dqu`cd f`gt` kgúc ` eräfkc sdìss` tïa gul`rasd dkgnd nas ods`hr`s halhdrn`dnas nurdgt` três l`s`s. Oagt`lpcdgna-cm`s as rastas hdæas, as drodhauæas `slkrrdnas ` sujas, oujas lacdlhas `l rds gïa `goahrkdl cdcdgmas, `sodrds ` `sodcdvras ‟ d vktÿrkd tïa cagfdl`gt` dp`t`okdp`t`ok nd n`odìd n` súhkta. X`pufgdvd dqu`c` trkugea. @gv`rfagmdvd. @rd, oal `e`kta, oagtrdpranuo`gt` oalp`gsdæïa d tïa cuxuasas fdstas n` oalhdt`s, n` r`v`s`s ` n` lkcmdr`s n` vknds, a dpr`dpr` sdl`gta ndqu`cd odqu`krdnd muldgd ‟ na l`sla pdssa dgfudgfucm`gtd ` skgkstrd, `gtr` träfkod ` klugnd, pdssdgna-cm`s p`cas acmas, gul cagfa `gxurra n` odrodæds ` lacdlhas... G`l ul rasta vkrkc, g`l ul hrdæa odpdz n` susp`gn`r uld drld, g`l ul p`kta r`seac`fdgt` n` odlp`dnar naldna: lucm`r`s, s`l-gúl`ra n` lucm`r`s, v`cmds `sp`otrdks, laæds `gv`cm`oknds, v`cmds ` laæds kgnksgtds gd l`sld e`dcndn`, `sodv`krdnds ` sujds, cmas `sodgomdnas gas qudnrks n`sgdcfdn`sgdcfd-
Malÿfrdeas oacm`r (tdcm`r) ` oacm`r (dpdgmdr)9 do`rta (oarr`æïa) ` do`rta (v`rha do`rtdr)9 Rdrþgklas _` r`e`r` d pdcdvrds qu` sïa `sorktds ` pragugokdnds n` earearld pdr`oknd, lds qu` dpr`s`gtdl skfgkodnas nke`r`gt`s. nke`r`gt`s. kgkfkr (dpckodr) (dpckodr) ` ` kgerkgfkr (trdgsfr`nkr) (trdgsfr`nkr),, s`n` (vagtdn` n` h`h`r) ` h`h`r) ` o`n` (v`rha o`n`r), o`n`r), n`e`rkr (oago`n`r, ndr n`e`rkl`gta) ` n`e`rkl`gta) ` nke`rkr (s`r nke`r`gt` nke`r`gt`,, nkv`rfkr, dnkdr), dnkdr), rdodr (oagrldr) (oagrldr) ` ` r`odr (targdr r`ta, oarrkfkr), oarrkfkr), vuctasa (vaculasa, lukta frdgn`: sald vuctasd) ` vuctasd) ` vuctuasa (oagf`sagdna: rasta vuctuasa). vuctuasa).
5
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
nas, cmas `godrdpktdnas âs oastds, cmas susp`gsas das p`ktas luromas, cmas drrdstdnas p`cas hrdæas, pdssdgna9 orkdgæds, s`l-gúl`ra n` orkdgæds9 v`cmas, s`l-gúl`ra n` v`cmas9 rdras mal`gs, `ge`rlas apkcdnas, edo`s túlknds ` lartds, n` o`rd, hustas nahrdnas, dgndr odlhdc`dgt` odlhdc`dgt`..
D pdcdvrd rdnkodc pan` s`r `lpr`fdnd oal värkds do`pæð`s, par kssa n`galkgd-s` packssêlkod. Dsskgdc` a s`gna nkokagdrknkokagdrkzdna qu` ë ldks dn`qudna ga oagt`xta dokld. D) Tu` `xkst` kgtrkgs`odl`gt` gul kgnkvìnua au oaksd. H) Hrusoa9 vkac`gta9 nkokc. O) Tu` gïa ë trdnkokagdc, oalul au usudc. N) Tu` `xkf` n`str`zd, p`rìokd au oardf`l.
(OPGMD, @uockn`s nd. As s`rtð`s: odlpdgmd n` Odgunas. @nkæïa @sp`okdc. Xka n` Jdg`kra: Erdgoksoa Dcv`s, 4;=2.)
@l qudc nds dct`rgdvds dhdkxa GÏA mä ul pdr n` skgþgklas1 D) Drlksoka ‟ n`strukæïa H) Ocdunkodgt` ‟ ldgoa O) X`v`s`s ‟ kgeartúgkas N) E`dcndn` ‟ e`kurd @) Apkcdnas ‟ n`sgutrknas
20. PG@_R ‟ Dsskst`gt` Dnlkgkstrdva K ‟ 245 - UPUP G@_R/8245 G@_R/8245 A fdvkïa F`gt` acmdgna pdrd a oëu: gïa ë ldks nksoa vadnar. Nksoa vadnar p`rn`u a odrtdz oal tdgta sdtëckt` h`krdgna a sac ` d cud. Acmdlas tanas pdrd a oëu `l husod n` dcfa ldks s`gsdokagdc ` oalav`gt` ‟ a fdvkïa ldcvdna, qu` ldtd palhds. A o`gtra nd okndn` na Xka n` Jdg`kra r`targd dsskl â oagoag t`lpcdæïa n` ul nrdld h`l dgfa, ` mä a pdrna nds palhds ` a pdrna na fdvkïa. As palhkstds au palh`kras (qudcqu`r pdcdvrd ë l`cmar qu` –oaculhÿca“) qu`r`l ldtdr a fdvkïa. As dlkfas n`st` nkz`l qu` `c` gïa ë ldcvdna tdc9 gd v`rndn` oal` d sud palhkgmd oal d l`sld kgaoêgokd oal qu` d pal pal-hd oal` s`u frïa n` lkcma. Gïa taldr`k pdrna9 dnlkra d túrfknd kgaoêgokd nds palpal-
28. Rr`e. n` Oruz`kra/_R ‟ Kgstrutar n` N`s`gma ^ëogkoa ` L`oègkoa ‟ 8245 - Kgstuta @xo`cêgokd @xo`cêgokd Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` ds pdcdvrds pan`l s`rvkr n` `x`lpcas n` pdrþgklas: D) Odvdc`kra (Mal`l d odvdca) ‟ Odvdcm`kra (Mal`l f`gc). H) _ïa (sdnka) ‟ _ïa (Earld r`nuzknd n` _dgta). O) Do`gta (skgdc fräoa) ‟ Dss`gta (sup`rok` agn` s` s`gtd). N) G`gmuld nds dct`rgdvds. 2?. ^J/L^ ‟ Dgdckstd Junkokärka ‟ Okêgokds Oagtäh`ks ‟ 8246 - PEL^ PEL^ Gd cìgfud partufu`sd, mä luktds pdcdvrds pdr`oknds, s`jd ga lana n` edcdr au ga n` `sor`v`r. D pdcdvrd s`ssïa, par `x`lpca, dss`l`cmd-s` âs pdcdvrds o`ssïa ` s`æïa, lds odnd uld dpr`dpr` s`gtd s`gna nke`r`gt`. @ss` odsa, l`sla sal, frdds nke`r`gnke`r`gt`s, n`galkgd-s` malþgkla malÿeaga. Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` tands ds pdcdvrds s` `goagtrdl g`ss` odsa. D) tdxd, o`std, dss`gta H) oags`rta, pc`kta, ÿoa O) om`qu`, n`sorkæïa, ldgfd N) s`rrdr, rdodr, `l`rfkr
hds ` tdlhël a cdgo` `loala qu` nkrkd a fdvkïa s` n`sp`god sahr` uld n`cds. Oal`rldfgìoa palhds ë, _dkgt-@xupëry _dkgt-@x upëry,, –d v`rndn` na fdvkïa“, lds ldtdr ul fdvkïa ga dr oal ul h`ca ra pan` tdlhël s`r d v`rndn` na odædnar. Tu` a fdvkïa ldt` d palhd ` a mal`l ldt` dc`fr`l`gt` a fdvkïa9 da mal`l, s` gïa mauv`r autra hkoma qu` a ldt`, pan` cm` suo`n`r qu` `c` `goagtr` s`u fdvkïa fdvkïa `l `l autra mal`l. (Xuh`l Hrdfd. Dk Hrdfd. Dk n` , Oapdodhdgd, Oapdodhdgd, 4;;;. Dndptdna)
A t`rla fdvkïa fdvkïa,, n`stdodna `l sud úcld aoarrêgokd ga t`xta ‟ … pan` cm` suo`n`r qu` `c` `goagtr` s`u fdvkïa fdvkïa `l `l autra mal`l. ‟, ë `lpr`fdna oal s`gna D) prÿprka, `qukvdc`gna d kgspkrdæïa. H) prÿprka, `qukvdc`gna d oagqukstdnar . O) furdna, `qukvdc`gna d dv` n` rdpkgd. rdpkgd. N) furdna, `qukvdc`gna d dckl`gta dckl`gta..
2>. ^J/L^ ‟ Dgdckstd Junkokärka ‟ Nkr`kta ‟ 8246 - PEL^ 2>. D eufd nas rkgao`ragt`s @spëok` dl`dædnd n` `xgæïa `sodpd nas odædnar`s nd ldg`krd ldks rdnkodc passìv`c ‟ p`ca oëu. As rkgao`ragt`s-g`fras `stïa `gtr` as hkomas ldks vksdnas nd Äerkod, paks sud `spëok` ë uld nds pr`e`rknds p`ca turksla n` odæd. Rdrd t`gtdr sdcvdr dcfugs nas >.022 `spëokl`s qu` dkgnd r`stdl gd gdtur`zd, nuds AGF dlhk`gtdks dp`cdrdl pdrd uld sacuæïa `xtr`ld: trdgspartdr as rkgao`ragt`s n` m`ckoÿpt`ra. D dæïa uckzau m`ckoÿpt`ras lkcktdr`s pdrd r`lav`r 4; `spëokl`s ‟ oal 4,> tag`cdnds odnd ul ‟ n` s`u mdhktdt arkfkgdc, gd pra pra-vìgokd n` Odha Ark`gtdc, ga sun`st` nd Äerkod na _uc, ` trdgse` rk-cas pdrd d pravìgokd n` Cdlpapa, ga gart` na pdìs, d 4.022 qukcþl`tras n` nkstègokd, agn` vkv`rïa cagf` nas odædnar`s. Oala a trdj`ta t`l är`ds kgdo`ssìv`ks n` odrra, as rkgao`ragt`s v`rdl n` vadr par 8> qukcþl`tras. _`ndnas ` n` acmas v`gndv`gndnas (pdrd `vktdr sustas odsa doarndss`l), as rkgao`ragt`s eardl kædnas p`cas targaz`cas ` vadrdl `gtr` 42 ` 82 lkgutas. Rdr`o` l`ka hrutdc1 As r`spagsäv`ks p`cd ap`rdæïa nkz`l qu`, dcël n` ldks `ok`gt` pdrd c`vdr as pdqukn`rl`s d caodks n` nkokc do`ssa, a prao`nkl`gta ë ldks f`gc.
@) furdna, `qukvdc`gna d pr`ndnar d pr`ndnar . 25. Rr`e. Rr`e. n` Ecarkdgÿpacks/_O ‟ Duxkckdr n` _dcd ‟ 8246 - E@E@R@_@ A t`rla (au `xpr`ssïa) `l n`stdqu`, qu` `stä `lpr`fdna `l s`u s`gna prÿprka, n`gatdva, aoarr` `l: D) @stau lartd n` odgsdnd. odgsdnd. H) Dqu`cd lucm`r edcd ldc n` tanas gd vkzkgmdgæd! Ë uld oahrd oahrd.. O) ^ana oukndna ë pauoa. Ds pdr`n`s têl auvknas . N) X`ocusd n`sn` qu` s`u odomarrkgma larr`u larr`u,, Ekcal`gd gdcl`gt` sdku n` odsd agt`l. @) Lkgmd dlkfd ë tïa dfktdnd! D hdt`rkd n`cd gugod dodhd!
(HDNÞ, E. E. D eufd nas rkgao`ragt`s. _up`rkgt`r`ssdgt`, gº 88;, 8244.)
6
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
X@_RA_^D_ 24
D
28
D
2?
D
2>
O
20
@
25
N
Ragta-`-Uìrfucd ( 9 ) Psdlas pdrd: - s`pdrdr as kt`gs n` uld c`k, n` ul n`or`ta, n` uld p` æïa, n` uld s`quêgokd, `to.: Drt. 846. Ë n`v`r na @stdna eal`gtdr präods n`sparvds earldks ` gïa earldks, oala nkr`kta n` odnd ul, ahs`rvdnas: ahs`r vdnas: K - d dutagalkd nds `gndn`s n`sparvds n`sparvds nkrkf`gt`s ` dssadssaokdæð`s, qudgta d sud arfdgkzdæ arfdgkzdæïa ïa ` eugokagdl`gta9 KK - d n`sgdæïa n` r`oursas púhckoas pdrd pdrd d pralaæïa prkaprkarktärkd na n`sparta `nuodokagdc `, `l odsas `sp`oìoas, pdrd d na n`sparta n` dcta r`gnkl`gta9 KKK - a trdtdl`gta nke`r`gokdna nke`r`gokdna pdrd a n`sparta prasskagdc prasskagdc ` a gïa prasskagdc9 KU - d prat`æïa ` a kgo`gva kgo`gva âs ldgke`stdæð`s ldgke`stdæð`s n`sparvds n` orkdæïa gdokagdc. - s`pdrdr ardæð`s oaarn`gdnds lukta `xt`gsds au ardæð`s oaarn`gdnds gds qudks jä t`gmdl skna uckzdna d vìrfucd.
RAG^PDÆÏA
Ragtudæïa Ragtudæï a sïa skgdks fräoas `lpr`fdnas gd cìgfud `sorktd pdrd n`lagstrdr r`oursas `sp`oìoas nd cìgfud edcdnd, oala: `gtagdæïa,, skcêgoka, pdusds, `to. ^dks skgdks têl pdpëks vdrkdnas `gtagdæïa ga t`xta `sorkta `, s` uckzdnas oarr`tdl`gt`, edokcktdl d oaloal pr``gsïa ` `gt`gnkl`gta na t`xta.
Naks-Ragtas ( : ) Psdlas pdrd: - kgkokdr d edcd nas p`rsagdf`gs: A pdk nkss`: Oagt`-l` d v`rv`rndn`, l`u cma. - dgt`s n` dpastas au ardæð`s dpaskvds, `gul`rdæð`s au s`quêgokd n` pdcdvrds qu` `xpckodl `xpckodl,, r`sul`l kn`kds dgt`rkar`s: Oalpr`k dcfugs kt`gs: drraz, e`kjïa ` odrg`. - dgt`s n` oktdæïa: Oala nkzkd lkgmd lï`: –Uaoê gïa ë tana lugna.“
Ragta ( . ) Psdlas pdrd: sma ppkgf- kgnkodr maj`. a gdc n` uld erds` n`ocdrdvd: gïa kr`k da sma- s`pdrdr p`rìanas `gtr` sk: E`omd d partd. Dhr` d jdg`cd. - dhr`vkdturds: Dv.9 U. @x.ª
Ragta n` Kgt`rrafdæïa ( 1 ) Psdlas pdrd: - p`rfugtds nkr`tds: Agn` vaoê lard1 - `l dcfugs odsas, jugta oal a pagta n` `xocdl `xocdldæïa: dæïa: Tu`l vaoê dld1 Uaoê. @u1!
Uìrfucd ( , ) Psdlas pdrd: - ldrodr pdusd na `gugokdna d l n` kgnkodr qu` as t`rt`r las s`pdrdnas, dp`sdr n` s`r`l s `r`l nd l`sld erds` au ardæïa, gïa earldl uld ugkndn` skgtäod: Ldrkd, s`lpr` lukta sklpäod, do`gau pdrd s`us dlkfas.
Ragta n` @xocdldæïa ( ! ) Psdlas: - Dpÿs vaodva: Uact`, Uact`, Jaïa! - Dpÿs klp`rdva: Dpr`gnd! - Dpÿs kgt`rj`kæïa: Rsku! @hd! - Dpÿs pdcdvrds au erds`s qu` t`gmdl odrät`r `laokagdc: Raxd!
Gïa s` s`pdrdl par vìrfucd: - pr`nkodna n` suj`kta9 - ahj`ta n` v`rha9 - dnjugta dngalkgdc n` gal`9 - oalpc`l`gta galkgdc n` gal`9 - pr`nkodva na ahj`ta9 - ardæïa prkgokpdc nd suharnkgdnd suhstdgvd (n`sn` qu` `std gïa s`jd dpaskvd g`l dpdr`æd gd arn`l kgv`rsd).
X`oêgokd X`oêgokds s ( ... ) Psdlas pdrd: - kgnkodr núvknds au m`sktdæïa na edcdgt` : Acmd...gïa s`k s` n`va... l`cmar gïa edcdr. - kgt`rrupæïa n` uld erds` n`kxdnd frdldodcl`gt` kgoalkgoalpc`td: Uaoê qu`rkd lukta `st` jafa gava1 Hal, gïa s`k s` vaoê l`r`o`... - kgnkodr supr`ssïa n` pdcdvrd(s) guld erds` trdgsorktd: Tudgna `cd oal`æau d edcdr, gïa pdrau ldks... t`rlkgau uld mard n`paks. Dspds ( – “ ) Psdlas pdrd: - ksacdr pdcdvrds au `xpr`ssð`s qu` eaf`l â garld ouctd: fìrkds, `strdgf`krkslas, pdcdvrð`s, g`acafkslas, drodìslas ` `x `x-pr`ssð`s papucdr`s. - kgnkodr uld oktdæïa t`xtudc.
D vìrfucd tdlhël ë uckzdnd pdrd: - s`pdrdr a vaodva: Jaïa, oagt` d gavkndn`. - s`pdrdr dcfugs dpastas: Oëckd, lukta pr`gndnd, pr`pdrau d r`e`kæïa. - s`pdrdr a dnjugta dnv`rhkdc dgt`okpdna au kgt`rodcdna: DcDcfulds p`ssads, luktds v`z`s, sïa edcsds. - s`pdrdr `c`l`gtas n` uld `gul`rdæïa: U`gn`l-s` U`gn`l-s` pï`s, tartds ` sagma. - s`pdrdr oagjugæð`s kgt`rodcdnds: Lärka, `gtr`tdgta, `gtr`tdgta, gugod ldks n`u gaokds. - ksacdr a gal` n` cufdr gd kgnkodæïa n` ndtds: Cagnrkgd, 80 n` _`t`lhra n` 8246. - ldrodr d alkssïa n` ul t`rla (garldcl`gt` a v`rha): @c` pr`e`r` narlkr, `u l` `x`roktdr. (alkssïa na v`rha pr`e`rkr)
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CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
Rdrêgt`s`s ( () ) Psdlas pdrd: - ksacdr pdcdvrds, erds`s kgt`rodcdnds n` odrät`r `xpckodva ` ndtds: Ga nkd na s`u gdsokl`gta (2=/2=/;=>) eak a nkd ldks qu`gt` na dga. - pan`l suhstukr d vìrfucd au a trdv`ssïa.
Dcful nkd, tdcv`z, gdnd ldks vdk s`r dsskl. Dcful nkd, tdctdc v`z, as mal`gs t`rïa d prkldv`rd qu` n`s`jdr`l, ga lal`glal`gta `l qu` quks`r`l, kgn`p`gn`gt`s n`st` rktla, n`std arn`l, n`st` lavkl`gta na oëu. @ as pässdras s`rïa autras, oal auau tras odgtas ` autras mähktas, - ` as auvknas qu` par dodsa as auvkr`l gïa t`rïa gdnd ldks oal tuna dqukca qu`, autrard, s` `gt`gn`u ` dlau. @gqudgta mä prkldv`rd, `std prkldv`rd gdturdc, pr`st`las dt`gæïa da sussurra nas pdssdrkgmas gavas, qu` nïa h`kjkgmas pdrd a dr dzuc. @sout`las `stds vaz`s qu` dgndl gds ärvar`s, odlkgm`las par `stds `strdnds qu` dkgnd oags`rvdl s`us s`gs`gl`gtas dgfas: c`gtdl`gt` `stïa s`gna t`oknas as ldgdoäs raxas ` hrdgoas9 ` d `ueÿrhkd s` vdk targdgna pucquërrkld, `l odnd oarad v`rl`cmd qu` n`snahrd. As odsucas hrdgoas nds fdrfdrnêgkds dkgnd `stïa s`gna `gracdnas `l r`nar na p`reul`. @ aar`s dfr`st`s doarndl oal suds raupds n` omktd lucoar. ^una ksta pdrd hrkcmdr ul kgstdgt`, dp`gds, pdrd s`r cdgædna da v`gta, - par n`ckndn` â ahsourd s`l`gt`, da qu` v`l, gd ratdæïa nd `t`rgkndn`. _dun`las d prkldv`rd, nagd nd vknd - ` `eêl`rd.
^rdv`ssïa (QQ ) Psdlas pdrd: - ndr kgìoka â edcd n` ul p`rsagdf`l: Ekcÿ p`rfugtau: QQLdQQLdrkd, oala edz `ss` nao`1 - kgnkodr lundgæd na kgt`rcaoutar gas nkäcafas. QQLï`, vaoê l` husod1 QQGïa s` pr`aoup`, om`fdr`k cafa. - ^dlhël pan` s`r usdna `l suhstukæïa â vkrfucd, `l `x`xpr`ssð`s au erds`s `xpckodvds: R`cë ‟ a r`k na eut`hac ‟ `stä lukta na`gt`. Oacom`t`s ( Y\ ) Psdlas pdrd: - ckgfudf`l ok`god.
(L@KX@C@_, O`oìckd. –O`oìckd L`kr`c`s - Ahrd `l Rrasd1 Uac. 4. Gavd Eragt`krd: Xka n` Jdg`kra, 4;;=, p. ?55.)
Dst`rksoa ( * ) Psdlas pdrd: - omdldr d dt`gæïa na c`ktar pdrd dcfuld gatd (ahs`rvdæïa).
–...` as mdhktdgt`s nd ldtd, `ssds orkdturds gdturdks qu` dkgdkg nd okroucdl p`ca dr ` p`ca omïa, oal`ædl d pr`pdrdr sud vknd pdrd d prkldv`rd qu` om`fd“ (4º §) Ga erdfl`gta dokld, ds vìrfucds eardl `lpr`fdnds pdrd: D) ldrodr t`rla dnv`rhkdc kgt`rodcdna. kgt`rodcdna. H) ksacdr ardæïa dnj`vd `xpckodvd. O) `gedzdr a t`rla suj`kta `l r`cdæïa da pr`nkodna. N) s`pdrdr t`rla `l eugæïa n` dpasta.
TP@_^Ð@_ 24. OCKG ‟ Duxkckdr n` @ge`rldf`l na ^rdhdcma ‟ 8240 OA_@DO Rrkldv`rd
28. RO ‟ O@ - @sorkvïa nd Rackokd Okvkc n` 4ª ocdss` ‟ 8240 ‟ UPG@_R Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd oarr`td qudgta da usa nd vìrfucd, oagoagskn`rdgna-s` d garld-pdnrïa nd cìgfud partufu`sd. D) As dlkfas, dp`sdr n` t`r`l `squ`okna n` gas dvksdr, dvksdr, qu` n`lardrkd tdgta, kgearldrdl-gas n` qu` d frdvkn`z, `rd dcfa n`lardna. H) As dlkfas, dp`sdr n` t`r`l `squ`okna n` gas dvksdr qu` n`lardrkd tdgta, kgearldrdl-gas n` qu` d frdvkn`z `rd
D prkldv`rd om`fdrä, l`sla qu` gkgfuël ldks sdkhd s`u gal`, g`l dor`nkt` ga odc`gnärka, g`l passud jdrnkl pdrd r`r` o`hê-cd. D kgockgdæïa na sac vdk ldrodgna autrds salhrds9 ` as mdhktdgt`s nd ldtd, `ssds orkdturds gdturdks qu` dkgnd okroucdl p`ca dr ` p`ca omïa, oal`ædl d pr`pdrdr sud vknd pdrd d prkldprkld v`rd qu` om`fd. Ekgas ocdrkgs qu` gïa auvklas n`v`l sadr par n`gtra nd t`rrd, g`ss` lugna oagn`gokdc nds rdìz`s, - ` drdutas sus doarndrïa doarndrï a ds oar`s ` as p`reul`s ` d dc`frkd n` gdso`r, ga `spì rkta nds ar`s. Mä hasqu`s n` ranan`gnras qu` `rdl v`rn`s ` jä `stïa tatanas oar-n`-rasd, oala as pdcäokas n` Jdkpur. Uaz`s gavds n` pdspdssdrkgmas oal`ædl d `gsdkdr ds ärkds trdnkokagdks n` sud gdæïa. R`qu`gds harhac`tds hrdgods ` dldr`cds dpr`ssdl-s` p`cas dr`s, - ` o`rtdl`gt` oagv`rsdl: lds tïa hdkxkgma qu` gïa s` `gt`gn`. Am! Rrkldv`rds Rrkldv`rds nkstdgt`s, n`paks na hrdgoa ` n`s`rta kgv`rkgv`rga, qudgna ds dl`gna`krds kgdufurdl suds ar`s, dc`fr`l`gdc`fr`l`g t`, ` tanas as acmas praourdl p`ca oëu a prkl`kra rdka n` sac. @std ë uld prkldv`rd nke`r`gt`, oal ds ldtds kgtdotds, ds ärvar`s oah`rtds n` eacmds, - ` sÿ as pa`tds, `gtr` as muldgas, sdh`l qu` uld N`usd om`fd, oaradnd n` ar`s, oal v`snas harndnas n` ar`s, oal as hrdæas odrr`fdnas n` ar`s, ` v`l ndgædr g`st` lugna oäckna, n` kgo`ssdgt` cuz. Lds ë o`rta qu` d prkldv`rd om`fd. Ë o`rta qu` d vknd gïa s` `squ`o`, ` d t`rrd ldt`rgdcl`gt` s` `ge`ktd pdrd ds e`stds nd sud p`rp`tudæïa.
dcfa O) n`lardna As dlkfas, dp`sdr n` t`r`l `squ`okna, n` gas dvksdr qu` n`lardrkd tdgta, kgearldrdl-gas n` qu` d frdvkn`z `rd dcfa n`n`lardna. N) As dlkfas dp`sdr n` t`r`l `squ`okna n` gas dvksdr qu`, n`lardrkd tdgta, kgearldrdl-gas, n` qu` d frdvkn`z `rd dcfa n`lardna. @) As dlkfas, dp`sdr n`, t`r`l `squ`okna n` gas dvksdr qu` n`lardrkd tdgta, kgearldrdl-gas n` qu` d frdvkn` frdvkn`z, z, `rd dcfa n`lardna.
;
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
2?. KRO - @_ - Rraourdnar Rr`vkn`gokärka Rr`vkn`gokärka K 824= - KN@ODG
X@_RA_^D_ 24
N
28
H
2?
D
2>
D
20
D
OCD__@_ N@ RDCDUXD_: _PH_^DG^KUA, DNJ@^KUA, GPL@XDC, RXAGAL@, U @XHA, DNUËXHKA, RX@RA_KÆÏA @ OAGJPGÆÏA: @LRX@FA @ _@G^KNA TP@ KLRXKL@L Â_ X@CDÆÐ@_ TP@ @_^DH@C@O@L
OCD__@ FXDLD^KODK_ DX^KFA Drfa ë d pdcdvrd qu` oacaodlas dgt`s nas suhstdgvas, oal d gdckndn` n` n`t`rlkgd-cas ` `sp`okodrlas s`u fêg`ra ` gúl`ra. As drfas pan`l s`r: - n`gknas: a, d, as, ds (N`t`rlkgdl as suhstdgvas n` ear ld pdroucdr). - kgn`gknas: ul, uld, ugs, ulds (N`t`rlkgdl as suhstdgvas n` earld kg`sp`oìod).
@l –Júgkar, maj` jdgtdr`las ahrkfdtÿrkd parqu` s`rv` pdrd: eard!“, d pr`s`gæd nd vìrfucd ë D) Ksacdr a vaodva. H) Ksacdr a dnjugta dnv`rhkdc n`scaodna. O) _`pdrdr ardæð`s oaarn`gdnds. N) Kgt`rodcdr `xpr`ssð`s `xpckodv `xpckodvds. ds.
@x`lpcas: Oalpr`k a odrra. (Pl odrra `sp`oìoa) Oalpr`k ul ul odrra. odrra. (Pl odrra qudcqu`r)
2>. - KE-L^ - Nkr`kta ‟ 824= - KE-L^ A usa dn`qudna nd pagtudæïa ë eugndl`gtdc pdrd a hal `gt`gnkl`gta na t`xta. Gas odsas dhdkxa, d vìrfucd `stä usdnd n` earld kgdn`qudnd `l: D) ^anas as okndnïas hrdskc`kras, sïa kfudks p`rdgt` d c`k, oagearl` d Oagstukæïa E`n`rdc. H) Dcël nkssa, â gakt`, edz`r odlkgmdnd dtë d lkgmd odsd ë kgs`fura. O) Dfard, `l r`cdæïa â t`ogacafkd, as jav`gs nkspð`l n` uld sërk` n` oalankndn`s, sdck`gtau a p`squksdnar.
Drfa N`gkna
Kgnkod ul suhstdgva `sp`oìoa, n`t`rlkgdna. N`p`gn`gna nd `xïa n` fêg`ra ` n` gúl`ra, dssul` ds earlds a, d, as as,, ds ds.. Ahs`rv` ds passìv`ks vdrkdæð`s n` fêg`ra ` gúl`ra:
N) –@u s`k, ldslukta gïa n`vkd“ (Ldrkgd Oacdsdg). @) Dkgnd mdvkd d s` n`ckh`rdr, tandvkd, oagskn`rdgna a marärka dvdgædna, dvdgædna, d r`ugkïa eak `go`rrdnd.
A prae`ssar l` r`pr``gnkd. D prae`ssard l` r`pr``gnkd. As prae`ssar`s As prae`ssar`s l` r`pr``gnkdl.
20. @LD^@XO@ - Df`gt` n` D^@X - Okêgokds Oagtäh`ks ‟ 824= ‟ O@^X@N@ Dgdcks` ds nuds erds`s d s`fukr `l r`cdæïa â dlhkfukndn`. K. Idrcd oal`u ul nao` ` sud krlï tdlhël. KK. Ldtdrdl d vdod nd sud d.
Drfa Kgn`gkna
Kgnkod l s`r qudcqu`r n`gtr` autras nd l`sld `spëok`. N`N` p`gn`gna nd `xïa n` fêg`ra ` n` gúl`ra, dssul` ds earlds ul,, uld ul uld,, ugs ugs,, ulds ulds..
Ldrqu` d apæïa OAXX@^D. D) A prahc`ld nd erds` K pan` s`r oarrkfkna oal uld vìrfucd. H) Ds nuds erds`s pan`l s`r oarrkfknds oal a usa n` pragal`. O) Da oacaodrlas dp`gds ul v`rha, oarrkfkr`las d erds` KK. N) Dp`gds d erds` K dpr`s`gtd prahc`ld n` dlhkfukndn`. @) Pld pr`paskæïa r`sacv`rkd a prahc`ld nd erds` KK.
Ahs`rv` ds passìv`ks vdrkdæð`s n` fêg`ra ` gúl`ra, usdgusdgna a l`sla `x`lpca dgt`rkar: Pl prae`ssar l` r`pr``gnkd. Pl prae`ssar Pld prae`ssard l` r`pr``gnkd. Pgs prae`ssar`s Pgs prae`ssar`s l` r`pr``gnkdl.
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CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
Dcël nds earlds sklpc`s, as drfas dpr`s`gtdl earlds oalhkgdnds oal pr`paskæð`s. A drfa n`gkna oalhkgd-s` oal ds pr`paskæð`s d, n`, `l, par, par, arkfkgdgna, par `x`lpc `x`lpca, a, ds earlds da, na, gds, p`cas, p`cas, `to. Tudgna a drfa n`gkna e`lkgkga (d, (d, ds) ds) dpdr`o` oalhkgdna oal d pr`paskæïa d, t`las ul odsa qu` l`r`o` n`stdqu` `sp`okdc: d `ssd eusïa n` nuds vafdks knêgods, frdodl`gt` r`pr`s`gtdnd
Fêg`ra N` doarna oal a fêg`ra (e`lkgkga ` ldsouckga) nds pdcdpdcd vrds suhstdgvd, sïa ocdsskekodnds `l: _uhstdgvas Hkearl`s: dpr`s`gtdl nuds earlds, uld pdrd a ldsouckga ` autrd pdrd a e`lkgkga. @x`lpca: lënkoa ` lënkod9 gdlardna ` gdlardnd.
par ul d oal do`gta frdv` (â, âs), nä-s` a gal` n` ords` ords`..
_uhstdgvas Pgkearl`s: sal`gt` ul t`rla `sp`okod as naks fêg`ras (ldsouckga ` e`lkgkga), s`gna ocdsskodnas `l: - @pko`gas: pdcdvrd qu` dpr`s`gtd sal`gt` ul fêg`ra ` r`e`r`-s` das dgkldks, par `x`lpca: hdc`kd (ldoma au eêl`d). - _ahr`oalul: pdcdvrd qu` dpr`s`gtd sal`gt` ul fêg`ra ` r`e`r`-s` âs p`ssads, par `x`lpca: orkdgæd (ldsouckga ` e`lke`lkgkga). - Oalul n` naks fêg`ras: t`rla qu` s` r`e`r` das naks fêfêg`ras (ldsouckga ` e`lkgkga), kn`godna par l`ka na drfa qu` a doalpdgmd, par `x`lpca: –a n`gstd“ ` –d n`gstd“.
@x`lpca: @c`s cdgædrdl ul dc`rtd â gdæïa. (â < pr`paskæïa d + drfa n`gkna d n`gkna d)) A drfa kgn`gkna oalhkgd-s` oal ds pr`paskæð`s `l `l ` n`,, arkfkgdgna, par `x`lpc n` `x`lpca, a, ds earlds gul gul,, gulds, nugs, nugs, `to. _PH_^DG^KUA As suhstdgvas gal`kdl s`r`s, oaksds, kn`kds. Oala pdcdpdcdvrd vdrkäv`c, dpr`s`gtd `xð`s n` fêg`ra, gúl`ra ` frdu.
Gúl`ra _ïa ocdsskekodnas `l:
Ocdsskodæïa
_kgfucdr: pdcdvrd qu` n`skfgd uld úgkod oaksd, p`ssad au
_uhstdgva Oalul: N`skfgd as s`r`s n` uld `spëok` n`
ul frupa, `x`lpca: `x`lpca mal`l. Rcurdc:par pdcdvrd qu`: odld, n`skfgd värkds oaksds, p`ssads au frufrupas, par `x`lpca: odlds, mal`gs.
earld f`gërkod: odsd, e`ckokndn`, l`sd, orkdgæd, orkdgæd, `to. _uhstdgva Rrÿprka: N`skfgd ul s`r `sp`oìoa, n`t`rlkgdn`t`rlkgd-
Frdu
na, oala: X`oke`, Ldrkdgd, Hrdskc, Hrdskc, `to.
_ïa ocdsskekodnas `l dul`gtdtkva ` nklkgutkva:
_uhstdgva Oagor`ta: N`skfgd s`r`s praprkdl`gt` nktas
(p`ssads, ahj`tas, cufdr`s), kgn`p`gn`gt`l`gt` n` sud `xkstêg`xkstêgokd r`dc. Dsskl s`gna, sïa `x`lpcas: ednd, sdok, l`sd, okg`ld, okg`ld, `to.
Dul`gtdva: Kgnkod a dul`gta na tdldgma n` dcful s`r au dcfuld oaksd. Nkvkn`-s` `l: - Dgdcìoa Dgdcìoa:: suhstdgva doalpdgmdna n` dnj`va qu` kgnkkgnkod frdgn`zd, par `x`lpca: l`gkga frdgn`. - _kgtëoa _kgtëoa:: suhstdgva oal dorësokla n` ul suxa kgnkodkgnkodnar n` dul`gta, par `x`lpca: l`gkgïa. Nklkguva: Kgnkod d nklkgukæïa na tdldgma n` dcful s`r au dcfuld oaksd. Nkvkn`-s` `l: - Dgdcìoa Dgdcìoa:: suhstdgva doalpdgmdna n` ul dnj`va qu` kgnkod p`qu`g`z, par `x`lpca: l`gkga p`qu`ga. - _kgtëoa _kgtëoa:: suhstdgva oal dorësokla n` ul suxa kgnkodkgnkodnar n` nklkgukæïa nklkgukæïa,, par `x`lpca: l`gkgkgma.
_uhstdgva Dhstrdta: N`skfgd dæð`s qudckndn`s, au `std`std-
nas, taldnas oala s`r`s. Kgnkod oaksds qu` gïa `xkst`l par sk, qu` sïa r`suctdna n` uld dhstrdæï dhstrdæïa. a. Ë a odsa n` e`ckokndn`, pahr`zd, odrkndn`, odrkndn`, `to.. Earldæïa nas suhstdgvas _uhstdgva Rrklkva: `rv` n` hds` pdrd d earldæïa n` auau tras suhstdgvas. @x`lpca: rasd, p`nrd, f`ca, f`ca, `to.
DNJ@^KUA
_uhstdgva N`rkvdna: Ë earldna d pdrtkr n` ul suhstdgtkva prklktkva, oala: ras`krdc, p`nr`fucma, f`c`krd, f`c`krd, `to. _uhstdgva _klpc`s: Ë earldna par ul sÿ rdnkodc, oala : jdg`cd, ckvra, ckvra, tr`l, tr`l, `to.
Dnj`va ë d pdcdvrd qu` lankod a suhstdgva, dtrkhukgnadtrkhukgna-cm` ul `stdna, qudckndn` au odrdot`rìsod. Ocdsskodæïa
_uhstdgva Oalpasta: Ë earldna par ldks n` ul rdnkodc, _uhstdgva oala `l: droa-ìrks, drrdgmd-oëu drrdgmd-oëu,, `to.
_klpc`s - earldna par ul sÿ rdnkodc. @x`lpca: hagktd. Oalpasta - earldna par ldks n` ul rdnkodc. @x`lpca: cdcd ga-dl`rkodga. Rrklkva - gïa n`rkvd n` autrd pdcdvrd. @x`lpca: ocdra, frdgn`. N`rkvdna - t`l arkf`l `l autrd pdcdvrd. @x`lpca: tac`rdgt` (v`l n` tac`rdr). Rätrka - ë a qu` s` r`e`r` d pdìs`s, `stdnas, okndn`s, `to.
_uhstdgva Oac`va: Ë oac`tkva a suhstdgtkva ga skgfucdr qu` n`skfgd ul oagjugta n` s`r`s nd l`sld `spëok`. - huquê huquê ‟ ‟ n` ar`s - dcodt`kd dcodt`kd ‟ ‟ n` cahas - `c`goa `c`goa ‟ ‟ n` drstds - c`fkïa c`fkïa ‟ ‟ n` sacndnas
@x`lpca: hrdskc`kra, lkg`kra, odrkaod, `to.
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CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
GPL@XDC
Caouæïa Dnj`vd
A gul`rdc ë d pdcdvrd qu` kgnkod, `l t`rlas gulërkoas, ul gúl`ra `xdta au d paskæïa qu` tdc oaksd aoupd guld sërk`.
Ë tand r`ugkïa n` nuds au ldks pdcdvrds oal vdcar n` uld sÿ. F`rdcl`gt`, ds caouæð`s dnj`vds sïa earldnds par uld pr`paskæïa ` paskæïa ` ul suhstdgva suhstdgva,, au uld pr`paskæïa pr`paskæïa ` ` ul dnvërhka dnvërhka.. @x`lpcas: - n`gt` n` oïa (< odgkga)
Ocdsskodæïa Odrnkgdks: Earld häskod nas gúl`ras, kgnkodl oagtdf`l,
- äfud pcuvkdc) pg`usn` n`omuvd träs (. Rr`e`kturd n` Hdrrd n` Fudhkrdhd/R@ - Gìv`c EugndEugnd l`gtdc Oalpc`ta ‟ 8245 - KNM^@O Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` a gul`rdc `stä `sorkta par `xt`gsa `x t`gsa oarr`tdl`gt`, n` doarna oal d sud dpckodæïa gd erds`:
4;
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
25. Rr`e. n` Ktdqukgfd/R@ - Dsskst`gt` Dnlkgkstrdva ‟ 8246 - KNM^@O
Ahs`rv` ds pdssdf`gs: ‟ … ` dfard dfard qu`r qu`r oal`ædr uld odrr`krd lënkod. (8² pdräfrdea)9 ‟ … `c` t`l =2 dgas. Ksta l`sla, l`sla, =2. (?² pdräfrdea)9 ‟ ^dcv`z ^dcv`z d d `xp`otdvd n` vknd gïa p`rlktd… (>² pdräfrdea).
Larta `l 8240, a pdk drld qu` Juc`s Hkdgomk gïa QQQQQQQQQQoucpd p`ca dokn`gt`. @l `gtr`vkstd, Rmkckpp` Hkdg Hkdg-omk drld qu` d v`rndn` gugod vdk dpdr`o`r, paks as pkcatas QQQQQQQQQQ l`na n` edcdr edcdr.. –Pl pkcata gïa vdk nkz`r gdnd s`
Ds `xpr`ssð`s n`stdodnds `xpr`ssdl, r`sp`ovdl`gt`, s`gna n` d) cufdr, lana ` odusd. h) t`lpa, drldæïa ` núvknd. o) drldæïa, drldæïa ` núvknd. n) t`lpa, lana ` drldæïa. `) lana, núvknd ` kgt`gskndn`.
`xksr uld oèl`rd, tanas QQQQQQQQQQ dtë lkllds ` l`qudgna nkz`l.gïa Juc`s`xkst`l Hkdgomkoèl`rds, hdt`u oal s`u odrra `l ul trdtar nurdgt` ul FR, dqudpcdgau ` gïa oags`fuku QQQQQQQQQQpdrd `vktdr `vktdr a omaqu`. (mp://`spg.uac.oal.hr/gaokd/52?86=Qpdk-nkz-qu`-pkcatas-nd-e -4-t`ll`na-n`-edcdr-d-v`rndn`-sahr`-a-dokn`gt`-edtdc-n`-hkdgomk)
2=. O`rag/XA - Nkr`kta ‟ 8245 - @]D^P_
Oalpc`t` oal d s`quêgokd n` v`rhas qu` `stä ga t`lpa, lana ` p`ssad oarr`tas: d) ^`l ‟ t`l ‟ v`l - er`kdr h) ^`l ‟ v`rdl ‟ vk`rdl - er`dr o) ^`v` ^`v` ‟ gmdl ‟ vkgmdl ‟ er`gdr n) ^`v` ‟ t`l ‟ v``l ‟ er`kdr `) ^`v` ‟ têl ‟ vêl ‟ er`dr
D ckæïa na eafa 4º Pl l`lhra n` n`t`rlkgdna frupa, da qudc pr`stdvd s`rvkæas r`fucdrl`gt`, s`l g`gmul dvksa, n`kxau n` pdrokpdr n` suds dvkndn`s. 8º Dpÿs dcfulds s`ldgds, a cìn`r ndqu`c` frupa n`oknku vksktä-ca. @rd uld gakt` lukta erkd. A cìn`r `goagtrau a mal`l `l odsd sazkgma, s`gtdna nkdgt` QQQQQQ cdr`krd, agn` drnkd ul eafa hrkcmdgt` ` doacm`nar. ?º Dnkvkgmdgna d rdzïa nd vksktd, a mal`l n`u ds hads-vkg hads-vkg--
26. (PGKE@_R - ^ëogkoa `l _`furdgæd na ^rdhdcma ‟ UPG@_R/8245)
nds da cìn`r, oagnuzku-a d uld odn`krd p`rta nd cdr`krd ` oau quk`ta, `sp`rdgna. A cìn`r doalanau-s` oageartdv`cl`gt` ga caodc kgnkodna, lds gïa nkss` gdnd. Ga skcêgoka sërka qu` s` earearldrd, dp`gds oagt`lpcdvd d ndgæd nds omdlds `l targa nds domds nd c`gmd, qu` drnkdl. Da odha n` dcfugs lkgutas, a cìn`r `xdlkgau `xdlkga u ds hrdsds qu` s` earldrdl. Oukndnasdl`gt`, Oukndnasdl`gt`, s`c`okas`c`okagau uld n`cds, d ldks kgodgn`so`gt` n` tands, `lpurrdgna-d QQQQQQ cdna. Uactau, `gtïa, d s`gtdr-s`, p`rldg`o`gna skc`g skc`g-okasa ` klÿv`c. A dgtrkïa pr`stdvd dt`gæïa d tuna, edsokgdna ` quk`ta. Das pauoas, d omdld nd hrdsd sacktärkd nklkguìd, dtë qu` mauv` ul hrkcma lal`gtèg`a ` s`u eafa s` dpdfau n` v`z. >º @l pauoa t`lpa, a qu` dgt`s `rd uld e`std n` odcar ` cuz dfard gïa pdssdvd n` ul g`fra, erka ` larta p`ndæa n` odrodrvïa r`oah`rta QQQQQ uld `sp`ssd odldnd n` euckf`l dokgz`gdokgz`gtdnd. G`gmuld pdcdvrd gmd skna nktd dgt`s n`sn` a prataoacdr oulprkl`gta kgkokdc `gtr` as naks dlkfas. A cìn`r, dgt`s n` s` pr`pdrdr pdrd sdkr, ldgkpucau gavdl`gt` a odrvïa erka ` kgúc, oacaodgna-a n` vactd da l`ka na eafa. Tuds` qu` kl`nkdtdl`gkl`nkdtdl`gt` `c` targau d kgodgn`so`r kgodgn`so`r,, dckl`gtdna p`cd cuz ` odcar nas odrodrvð`s drn`gt`s `l targa n`c`. Tudgna a cìn`r dcodgæau d partd pdrd pdrr, pdrr, s`u dgtrkïa nkss`: 0º ‟ Ahrkfdna. Rar sud vksktd ` p`ca h`cìsskla s`rlïa. @stau vactdgna da oagvìvka na frupa.
Ë p`rlktkna sagmdr As hdsnar`s na v`shucdr sïa om`kas n` mkstÿrkds ‟ ourkaourka sds, `strdgmds, oalav`gt`s. A jav`l qu` om`fd dtrdsdna par dcfugs s`fugnas, par `x`lpca, ë uld furd ocässkod, ` pdtëod. Lds `xkst`l autrds furds odpdz`s n` omdldr d dt`gæïa. ^di`smk Gajkld ë ul odsa. @c` e`z v`shucdr pdrd d EdoucndEdoucnd n` n` L`nkokgd nd Pgkv`rskndn` na Rdrdgä. U`ka na Jdpïa das 44 dgas, trdhdcmau `l värkds oaksds, ` dfard qu`r oal`ædr uld odrr`krd lënkod. Gdnd surpr``gn`gt`, gïa eass` d kndn` na ^di`smk: `c` t`l =2 dgas. Ksta l`sla, =2. Guld eds` `l qu` autras jä pdssdrdl dtë nd dpas`gtdnarkd oalpucsÿrkd, `c` s` pr`pdrd pdrd kgkokdr gavd vknd. @ a edz trdgqukca: –Oukn`k n` l`us pdks, oukn`k nas l`us cmas. Dfard passa r`dckzdr ul sagma qu` trdfa nd kgeègokd“. Gïa edctdrä qu`l orkqu` ^di`smk Gajkld: `c` `stä rdgna a cufdr n` jav`gs, nkrä dcful ndrwkgkstd saokdc. @u pagn`rdrkd qu` g`l tuna gd vknd s` r`fucd p`ca orktërka oragacÿfkoa. Mä pdks qu` pdssdl lukta pauoa t`lpa oal as cmas ` g`l par kssa sïa ldus pdks9 a qu` kgt`r`ssd ë d qudckndn` na t`lpa, gïa d qudgndn`. ^dcv`z d `xp`otdvd n` vknd gïa p`rlktd da v`sv`shucdgna Gajkld uld cagfd odrr`krd gd prassïa lënkod. Lds as dgas, au l`s`s, au l`sla as nkds qu` n`nkodr d s`us pdok`gt`s t`rïa `l sk d odrfd de`vd n` uld `xkstêgokd kgt`krd. Gïa s`k s` ^di`smk Gajkld pdssau ga v`shucdr9 d gaokd qu` ck gïa `socdr`okd d r`sp`kta. Lds `c` l`sla nkss` qu` ksta gïa t`t` rkd klpartègokd: s` eass` r`pravdna, oal`ædrkd tuna n` gava. @ dì n` gava `c` nä ul `x`lpca. As r`suctdnas na nkokc `xdl` trdz`l n`skcusïa pdrd luktas jav`gs, ` gïa sïa pauoas as qu` p`gsdl `l n`sksr par odusd n` ul erdodssa. D `st`s `u nkfa: dgt`s n` dhdgnagdr d cutd, p`gs`l `l ^di`smk Gajkld, p`gs`l gd earæd n` s`u sagma. _agmdr gïa ë prakhkna. Ë ul n`v`r.
XDGF@C, Dc`xdgnr` (arf.). Ds ldks h`cds pdrähacds n` tanas as t`l pas ‟Uac. KK.H`ca Markzagt`: C`kturd, 822>. 822>.
Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd qu` pr``gom` oarr`tdl`gt` ds cdcd ougds na t`xta: d) d ‟ da ‟ par. h) nd ‟ pdrd a ‟ n`. o) â ‟ ga ‟ d. n) d ‟ n` ‟ `l.
(Ladoyr _ockdr. Lkgmd lï` gïa narl` `gqudgta `u gïa om`fdr, o m`fdr, 4;;5. Dndptdna)
82
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
2;. KE-R@ - ^ëogkoa `l @ge`rldf`l ‟ 8246 - KE-R@
X@_RA_^D_
Orþgkod nd okndn` na Xka n` Jdg`kra
24
@
Ga dcta nd gakt` na Xka n` Jdg`kra, culkgasa, f`g`rasa, a Orksta X`n`gtar `st`gn` as hrdæas. N`hdkxa n`ss`s hrdæas as g` g`-tas nas `sordvas `goagtrdl `goagtrdl dlpdra.
28
@
2?
D
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O
Pld lucm`r n`sodcæd acmd a Orksta, cä n` hdkxa, ` dpagtdgna s`u eucfar, nkz, lukta trkst`l`gt`: - Ndquk d pauoa gïa `stdrä ldks dì. Auvk nkz`r qu` vïa rdr @c` ndì. - Gïa s` pr`aoup` ‟ trdgqukckzd uld vkzkgmd. ‟ Gïa s` pr`aoup`: @c` vactd. D pacìokd ldtd luktas, ` ldks dkgnd ldtd d `oagalkd. Gd okndn` vkac`gtd sadl ras ` tdlhël tdlhar`s: as dtdhdqu`s, dgskasas n` oagsaca ` n` vkgfdgæd, omdldl as n`us`s derkodgas. Orksta sazkgma gïa hdstd.
20
H
25
@
26
H
2=
H
2;
H
42
O
(FDC@DGA, @nudrna. A ckvra nas dhrdæas. Rarta Dc`fr`: C&RL Raoi`t, 822;.)
OAGOAXNÈGOKD U@XHDC @ GALKGDC
Gd oagstruæïa –D pacìokd ldtd luktas, ` ldks dkgnd ldtd d `oagalkd“, d oagjugæïa `l n`stdqu` `stdh`c`o`, `gtr` ds ardæð`s, Rdrt` sup`rkar na earlucärka d) uld r`cdæïa n` dnkæïa. h) uld r`cdæïa n` apaskæïa. o) uld r`cdæïa n` oagocusïa. n) uld r`cdæïa n` `xpckodæ `xpckodæïa. ïa. `) uld r`cdæïa n` oags`quêgokd. Rdrt` kge`rkar na earlucärka
Oagoarnègokd Galkgdc U`rhdc
_`fugna Ldasa oèldrd Jr., nä-s` a gal` n` oagoarnègokd â okrougstègokd n` ul dnj`va vdrkdr `l fêg`ra ` gúl`ra n` doarna oal a suhstdgva d qu` s` r`e`r` (oagoarnègokd galkgalk gdc) ` â n` ul v`rha vdrkdr `l gúl`ra ` p`ssad n` doarna oal a s`u suj`kta (oagoarnègok (oagoarnègokdd v`rhdc). @gtr`tdgta, mä odsas `l qu` `xkst`l núvknds. Oagoarnègokd Galkgdc
42. (KE-R@ - Duxkckdr `l Dnlkgkstrdæïa ‟ KE-R@/8245)
A dnj`va ` pdcdvrds dnj`vds (drfa, gul`rdc, pragal` dnj`va) oagoarndl `l fêg`ra ` gúl`ra oal a gal` d qu` s` r`e`r`l.
D eal`/8 Pl skst`ld n` n`svkgouca: Hak sazkgma s` cdlh` l`cmar... l`cmar... A prÿxkla, a autra, gïa ë s`u krlïa, g`l s`u dldgt`. A autra ë ul oalp`nar, oalp`nar, ul kgklkfa, ul ahstäouca d s`r v`gokna au uld oaksd d s`r usdnd. A skst`ld, qu` gïa nä n` oal`r, oal`r, tdlpauoa nä n` dldr: oagn`gd luktas â eal` n` pïa ` luktas ldks â eal` n` dhrdæas.
Dnj`vas ` ul suhstdgva: Tudgna mauv`r ldks n` ul dnj`va pdrd ul suhstdgva, as dnj`vas oagoarndl `l fêg`fêg`ra ` gúl`ra oal a suhstdgva.
(FDC@DGA, @nudrna. A ckvra nas dhrdæas. Rarta Dc`fr`: C&RL Raoi`t, 822;, p. =4.)
Dldvd suoa f`cdna ` nao`. nao`. _uhstdgvas ` ul dnj`va: Tudgna mä ldks na qu` ul
Ga tr`oma –A skst`ld, qu` gïa nä n` oal`r, tdlpauoa nä n` dldr“, d oagjugæïa n`stdodnd `stdh`c`o`, `gtr` ds ardæð`s, d r`cdæïa n` d) oagocusïa. h) dnv`rskndn`. o) dnkæïa. n) `xpckodæ `xpckodæïa. ïa. `) dct`rgègokd.
suhstdgva ` dp`gds ul dnj`va, mä nuds earlds n` oagoarndr: - Tudgna a dnj`va v`l dgt`s nas suhstdgvas, suhstdgvas, a dnj`va n`v` oagoarndr oal a suhstdgva ldks prÿxkla.
Ckgna pdk ` cma. - Tudgna a dnj`va v`l n`paks nas suhstdgvas, suhstdgvas, a dnj`dnj`va n`v` oagoarndr oal a suhstdgva ldks prÿxkla au tdlhël oal tanas as suhstdgvas. Oalknd ` h`hknd p`re`ktd p`re`ktd.. Oalknd ` h`hknd p`re`ktds p`re`ktds..
84
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
- Rdcdvrds dnv`rhkdks x pdcdvrds dnj`vds: mä pdcdvrds qu` têl eugæïa n` dnvërhka, lds âs v`z`s n` dnj`va. Tudgna dnvërhka, sïa kgvdrkäv`ks: Mä hdstdgt` oalknd. Tudgna dnj`va, oagoarndl oal a gal` d qu` s` r`e`r`l: Mä hdstdgt`s lavas pdrd gïa fastdr n`c`. Edz`l pdrt` n`std ocdsskodæïa: ocdsskodæïa: pauoa, pauoa, lukta, lukta, hdstdgt`, hdstdgt`, hdrdta, odra, l`ka, cagf`, cagf`, `to.
U`gn`-s` ava. U`gn`l-s` avas. - Oagoarnègokd v`rhdc oal d pdroucd n` kgn`t`rlkgdæïa na suj`kta s`: Tudgna s`: Tudgna dtud oala kgn`t`rlkgdnard na suj`kta, a v`rha v`r ha od s`lpr` oagjufdna gd ?.ª p`ssad na skgfucdr: Rr`oksd-s` n` v`gn`nar. Rr`oksd-s` n` v`gn`nar`s. - Oagoarnègokd v`rhdc oal d ldkarkd, d ldkar pdrt`, d l`tdn`,...: a n`,...: a v`rha od oagjufdna gd ?.ª p`ssad na skgfucdr skgfucdr.. Rarël, jä s` oagskn`rd do`ktäv`c a usa nd ?.ª p`ssad na pcurdc:
- @xpr`ssð`s –dg`xa“ ` –ahrkfdna“: trdtdl-s` n` pdcdvrds dnj`vds, ` n`v`l oagoarndr oal a gal` d qu` s` r`e`r`l. _`fu`l dg`xds ds dvdckdæð`s. _`fu`l dg`xas as oagt`únas. Lukta ahrkfdna, nkss` `c`. Lukta ahrkfdnd, nkss` `cd.
D ldkarkd nas l`gkgas vdk… D ldkar pdrt` nas l`gkgas vdk… D ldkarkd nas l`gkgas vïa… D ldkar pdrt` nas l`gkgas vïa…
_ah d l`sld r`frd, t`las pdcdvrds oala: kgocusa, qukt`, c`sa, l`sla ` prÿprka prÿprka..
- Oagoarnègokd v`rhdc oal pragal` r`cdva qu`: a qu`: a v`rha oagoarnd oal a t`rla dgt`o`n`gt` da pragal` r`cdva qu`:
Oagoarnègokd U`rhdc D oagoarnègokd v`rhdc aoarr` qudgna a v`rha n` `xkagd pdrd oagoarndr oal a suj`kta frdldodc. @ssd `xïa v`rhdc ë e`ktd `l gúl`ra (skgfucdr au pcurdc) ` `l p`ssad (4.ª, 8.ª au ?.ª
Euk `u qu` oagt`k a s`fr`na. Eak `c` qu` oagtau a s`fr`na. Ealas gÿs qu` oagtdlas a s`fr`na.
p`ssad). _uj`kta oalpasta dgt`s na v`rha: A suj`kta ë oalpasta ` v`l dgt`s na v`rha qu` n`v` `stdr s`lpr` ga pcurdc.
- Oagoarnègokd v`rhdc oal pragal` r`cdva qu`l: a qu`l: a v`rha oagoarnd oal a t`rla dgt`o`n`gt` da pragal` r`cdva qu`l au od oagjufdna gd ?.ª p`ssad na skgfucdr:
Jaïa ` Rduca oagv`rsdrdl p`ca t`c`eag`.
Euk `u qu`l oagt`k a s`fr`na. s `fr`na. Ealas gÿs qu`l oagtdlas a s`fr`na Euk `u qu`l oagtau a s`fr`na. Ealas gÿs qu`l oagtau a s`fr`na. s `fr`na.
_uj`kta oalpasta n`paks na v`rha: A suj`kta oalpasta v`l n`paks na v`rha, tdgta pan` odr ga pcurdc oala pan` oagoaroagoar ndr oal a suj`kta ldks prÿxkla.
- Oagoarnègokd v`rhdc oal a kggkva p`ssadc: a p`ssadc: a kggkva ë `xkagdna, prkgokpdcl`gt`, qu`r n`gkr a suj`kta ` a suj`kta nd s`fugnd ardæïa ë nke`r`gt` nd prkl`krd:
Hrkgodrdl R`nra ` Uìtar. Hrkgoau R`nra ` Uìtar. _uj`kta earldna par p`ssads frdldodks nke`r`gt`s: A su-
@u p`nk pdrd `c`s edz`r`l d tdr`ed.
j`kta ë oalpasta, lds ds p`ssads frdldod frdldodks ks sïa nke`r`gt`s. A v`rha tdlhël n`v` odr ga pcurdc ` oagoarndrä oal d p`ssad qu`, d gìv`c frdldodc frdldodc,, t`l prkarkndn`. 4.ª p`ssad (`u, gÿs) t`l prkarkndn` `l r`cdæïa â 8.ª (tu, vÿs) ` d 8.ª t`l prkarkndn` `l r`cdæïa â ?.ª (`c`, `c`s).
- Oagoarnègokd v`rhdc oal a kggkva klp`ssadc: a klp`ssadc: a kggkva gïa ë `xkagdna `l caouæð`s v`rhdks ` `l v`rhas pr`paskokapr`paskokagdnas: Eardl klp`nknas n` `gt`gn`r d rdzïa.
Gÿs, vÿs ` `c`s vdlas â kfr`jd.
- Oagoarnègokd v`rhdc oal a v`rha s`r: d s`r: d oagoarnègokd `l gúl`ra ë `stdh`c`oknd oal a pr`nkodva na suj`kta:
Odsas `sp`oìoas n` oagoarnègokd v`rhdc
- Oagoarnègokd v`rhdc oal v`rhas klp`ssadks: oala gïa dpr`s`gtdl suj`kta, sïa oagjufdnas s`lpr` gd ?.ª p`ssad na skgfucdr: Edz okgoa dgas qu` `u t` oagm`ok. (v`rha edz`r kgnkodgna t`lpa n`oarrkna)
Ksta ë v`rndn`! Ksta sïa v`rndn`s! - Oagoarnègokd v`rhdc oal ul nas qu`: a qu`: a v`rha od s`lpr` gd ?.ª p`ssad na pcurdc:
- Oagoarnègokd v`rhdc oal d pdroucd dpdsskvdnard s`: s`: a ahj`ta nkr`ta dssul` d eugæïa n` suj`kta pdok`gt`, ` a v`rha `stdh`c`o` oagoarnègokd oagoarnègokd `l gúl`ra oal a ahj`ta nkr`ta:
Pl nas qu` eardl… Pl nas qu` pan`l…
88
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
TP@_^Ð@_
20. LR@-_R ‟ Aokdc n` Rralatarkd K ‟ 8245 - UPG@_R
24. Rr`e. n` Gavd U`g`zd/_O ‟ Rskoÿcafa ‟ 8245 - ED@R@_PC ED@R@_PC D dct`rgdvd qu` `stä oa`r`gt` oal ds r`frds nd oagoaroagoarnègokd galkgdc ë: D) ^`rgas ldrrags-ocdras. H) ^rdtdnas cusas-hrdskc`kras.
Eard na jafa Tudgna d `oagalkd lund n` nkr`æïa, mä vdrkäv`ks qu` cafa s` dct`rdl, oala a tdldgma nds jargdnds n` trdhdcma ` a pdfdpdfdl`gta n` mards `xtrds, ` autrds qu` r`spagn`l n` earld ldks
O) t`ÿrkoa-präods. ds. N) Ducds _dpdtat`ÿrkoa-präo _dpdtas s dzuc-ldrkgmas. @) Odlksds v`rn`s-`sourd v`rn`s-`sourds. s.
c`gtd, a `lpr`fa ` a l`rodnapar n` kssa orënkta. ^`gnêgokds g`g`fdvdsoala g`ss`s úclas kgnkodnar`s, l`sla, oastuldl s`r nurdnaurds. Ndì par qu` sïa pr`aoupdgt`s as ndnas ldks r`o`gt`s nd Dssaokdæïa Gdokagdc nas Hkrþs n` Orënkta, qu` oagfr`fd `lpr``lpr`sds na s`tar n` orënkta ` gdgokdl`gta. _`fugna d `gndn`, mdvkd, `l autuhra, 0; lkcmð`s n` oagoagsulknar`s klp`nknas n` aht`r gavas orënktas par gïa `stdr`l `l nkd oal suds ahrkfdæð`s. ^rdtd-s` n` dctd n` 4,= lkcmïa `l naks l`s`s. Odusd oagst`rgdæïa oagm`o`r d prkgokpdc rdzïa oktdnd p`cas oagsulknar`s pdrd n`kxdr n` pdfdr ds nìvknds: d p`rnd n` `l`lpr`fa, qu` t`l eart` oarr`cdæïa oal d odpdokndn` n` pdfdl`gpdfdl`g ta nds edlìckds. Dtë mä pauoa, ds `lpr`sds `vktdvdl n`lkr, paks t`gn`l d p`rn`r kgv`sl`gtas `l tr`kgdl`gta ` kgoarr`r `l oustas trdhdcmkstds. Ndna a oacdpsa nd dvkndn` `oagþlkod, parël, jafdrdl d tadcmd. tadcmd. A klpdota g`fdva nd nkspagkhkckndn` n` orënkta ë kl`nkdkl`nkdta. A kgnkvìnua gïa sÿ p`rn` d odpdokndn` n` pdfdl`gta lds tdlhël `ger`gtd frdgn` nkoucndn` pdrd aht`r gavas r`oursas, paks gïa passuk odrt`krd n` trdhdcma dsskgdnd. ^`l-s` dì autra dsp`ota p`rv`rsa nd r`o`ssïa, qu` s` sald âs luktds `vknêgokds n` r`v`rsïa n` pdnrð`s paskvas nd úcld nëodnd ‟ a dul`gta nd kgearldckndn`, a r`targa n` jav`gs da l`rodna n` trdhdcma ` d dctd na n`s`lpr`fa.
28. _DD@H ‟ @gf`gm`kra n` _`furdgæd na ^rdhdcma ‟ 8245 28. - EDEKRD Kgnkqu` d dct`rgdvd qu` GÏA dpr`s`gtd `rra n` oagoaroagoar nègokd galkgdc. D) A doagt`okl`gta n`rruhau d hacsd hrdskc`krd, drf`ggd ` d `spdgmacd. H) Gdqu`c` cufdr dkgnd vkvkd uld ps`und-drkstaordokd. O) Oala gïa tkgmdl autrd oalpdgmkd, as krlïas vkdjdrdl sÿ . N) _klpäoas ldcdhdrkstds ` ndgædrkgas dgkldvdl d e`std. 2?. OK_L@RDX/RX ‟ Dnvafdna ‟ 8245 - EDP@C 2?. D r`sp`kta n` oagoarnègokd v`rhdc ` galkgdc, dsskgdc` d dcdct`rgdvd oujd erds` GÏA r`dckzd d oagoarnègokd n` doarna oal d garld pdnrïa nd Cìgfud Rartufu`sd: D) L`kds v`rndn`s sïa oala l`grds kgt`krds: uld p`ssad l`kd mag`std ë pkar qu` uld l`grasd kgt`krd. H) _agmdr, pcdgtdr ` oacm`r: `ks a s`fr`na pdrd dcodgædr s`us ahj`vas. O) Rdrd a suo`ssa, gïa mä autra odlkgma: qudgta ldks nksnks tdgt` a dcva, ldkar d n`nkodæïa. N) Gïa ë oal dp`gds uld t`gtdvd t`gtdvd qu` s` dcodgæd dcodgæd a qu` s` qu`r.
(Eacmd n` _.Rduca, 2=.48.8240. Dndptdna)
2>. ^XE ‟ ?ª X`fkïa ‟ Dgdckstd Junkokärka-Är`d DnlkgkstrdDnlkgkstrdvd ‟ 8246 - EOO D r`sp`kta nd oagoarnègokd v`rhdc, ë oarr`ta drldr: D) @l –D dqukskæïa n` gavds ahrds n`v`l trdz`r h`g`okas d tanas as er`qu`gtdnar`s“, d oagoarnègokd `stä oarr`td par s` trdtdr n` `xpr`ssïa pdrvd. H) @l –@xkst` dtudcl`gt`, ga Hrdskc, o`rod n` 52 lus`us“, d oagoarnègokd `stä oarr`td, uld v`z qu` a gúoc`a na suj`kta ë –o`rod“. O) Gd erds` –Mïa n` s` fdrdgr ds oagnkæð`s g`o`ssärkds â oags`rvdæïa nds ahrds n` drt`“, a v`rha –mdv`r“ n`v`rkd `stdr ga skgfucdr, uld v`z qu` ë klp`ssadc. N) @l –Dor`nktd-s` –Dor`nktd-s` qu` 80% nd papucdæïa er`qu`gt`l dldlhk`gt`s oucturdks“, d oagoarnègokd `stä oarr`td, uld v`z qu` d paro`gtdf`l ë a gúoc`a na s`fl`gta galkgdc. @) Gd erds` –D ldkarkd nds p`ssads gïa er`qu`gtdl a lulu s`u“, a v`rha `goagtrd-s` ga pcurdc par oagoarndr oal –p`s–p`s sads“, dkgnd qu` pun`ss`, ga skgfucdr, oagoarndr oal –ldkarkd“.
Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd oarr`td qudgta â oagoarnègokd v`rhdc. D) D lundgæd n` nkr`æïa nd `oagalkd edz`l oal qu` s` dct`r` a tdldgma nds jargdnds n` trdhdcma, t rdhdcma, par `x`lpca. `x`lpca. H) @xkst` kgnkvìnuas qu`, s`l odrt`krd n` trdhdcma dsskgdnd, `ger`gtdl frdgn` nkoucndn` pdrd aht`r gavas r`oursas. O) As kgv`sl`gtas r`dckzdnas ` as oustas trdhdcmkstds z`z`rdl oal qu` luktds `lpr`sds aptdss`l par ldgt`r s`us eugeugokagärkas. N) _ïa ds nìvknds qu` edz oal qu` frdgn` gúl`ra nas oagoagsulknar`s gïa `st`jdl `l nkd oal suds ahrkfdæð`s. @) Ndnas r`o`gt`s nd Dssaokdæïa Gdokagdc nas Hkrþs n` OrëOrënkta lastrd qu` 0; lkcmð`s n` oagsulknar`s gïa pan` aht`r gavas orënktas. 25. OAR@C Oagtdnar Oagtdnar Júgkar Júgkar 8246 GOPERX Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` as v`rhas suhckgmdnas `stïa oarr`tdl`gt` oarr`tdl`g t` `xkagdnas qudgta â oagoarnègokd v`rhdc D) D Arfdgkzdæïa Lugnkdc nd _dún` (AL_) cdgæau r`o`gr`o`g t`l`gt` d gavd `nkæïa na r`cdtÿrka _lai`-er`` lavk`s (Ekcl`s s`l okfdrra), `l qu` r`oal`gnd qu` as cl`s qu` `xkh`l kldkldf`gs n` p`ssads euldgna n`v`rkd r`o`h`r ocdsskodæïa kgnkodkgnkodvd pdrd dnuctas.
8?
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
H) R`squksds lastrdl qu` as cl`s pranuzknas `l s`ks pdì s`s `urap`us, qu` dcodgædrdl hkcm`t`rkds `c`vdnds (kgocukgna dc`lï`s, kgfc`s`s ` ktdckdgas), oaggmd o`gds n` p`ssads euldgeuldgna `l cl`s ocdsskodnas pdrd l`gar`s n` 4= dgas. O) Rdrd `cd, d kgnústrkd na tdhdoa `stä usdgna d –t`cagd“ oala uld `spëok` n` úcld eragt`krd pdrd dgúgokas, l`gsdl`gsdf`gs suhcklkgdr`s ` pdtraoìgkas, jä qu` uld sërk` n` l`nknds
Yd\ - o`rt`zd Yn`\ - oalul Yn`\ - oagearl` Yd, oal\ - oagsuctd Yd\ - oagt`gt` Yoal, n`, `l, par\ - oukndnasa Yoal\ ‟ ourkasa Yn`, par\ n`soagt`gt` Yoal\ - n`sedvaräv`c Yd\ ‟n`sr`sp`kta Yd\ - nke`r`gt` Yn`\ - nkoucndn` Yoal, n`, `l, pdrd\ ‟ nkfga Yn`\ - núvknd Ydo`rod n`, `l, sahr`\ ‟ `gt`gnkna Y`l\ ‟ `ss`gokdc Ypdrd\ ‟ eäokc Yd, n`, pdrd\ - edokckndn` Yn`, `l, pdrd\ - `c Yd\ - e`e`ckz Yn`, oal, `l, par\ - frdta frdta Yd\ - marrar Yd, n`, par\ -‟ knêgoa
`l nkv`rsas pdìs`s pdssau d r`strkgfkr d puhckokndn` na tdhdoa. N) @ ;2% nas cl`s drf`ggas tdlhël `xkhku kldf`gs n` eula `l cl`s pdrd jav`gs. @) As `sp`okdckstds nd arfdgkzdæïa oktdl `stunas qu` laslastrdl qu` qudtra `l odnd n`z orkdgæds oal`æd d euldr n`paks n` v`r dtar`s edlasas ndgna suds –pktdnds“ gas cl`s. X@_RA_^D_
Yd\ - klpdokêgokd Yoal\ ‟ kgodpdz pdrd\ ‟kguêgokd - kgs`gsìv`c Yd\ - kgtac`rdgt` Yoal\ Yn`, - jugta Yd, n`\ - c`dc Yd\Ysahr`\ - c`gta Y`l\ ‟ ckh`rdc Yoal\ - ldkar Yn`\ ‟ ldgke`std ldgke`stdæïa æïa Yoagtrd\ - l`na Yn`, d\ ‟ l`gar Yn`\ ‟lardnar Y`l\ - gdturdc Yn`\ - g`o`ssärka Yd\ - ah`nk`gt` Yd\ - ÿnka Yd, oagtrd\ - arfucmasa Yn`, oal\ - pdkpdkxïa Yn`, par\ ‟ pdr`okna Yd, oal\ - r`e`rêgokd Yd, par\ ‟prapìoka Yd\ - prÿxkla Yd, n`\ - pragta Ypdrd, `l\ - prap`gsïa Ypdrd\ - r`r`cdæïa Yd, oal, n`, par par,, pdrd oal\ - r`cdokagdna Yoal\ - r`gt` Yd, n`, oal\ - r`spagsäv`c Ypar\ - rkoa r koa Yn`, `l\ ‟sdse`kta Yoal, n`, `l, par\ - s`l`cmdgt` Yd\ - susp`kta Yd, n`\ - t`gtdvd Yoagtrd, n`, pdrd, pdrd oal\ ‟úgkoa Y`l\ - vdzka Yn`\‟ vksìv`c Yd\ - vkzkgma Yd, n`, oal\ ‟ z`ca Yd, n`, par\.
24
O
28
N
2?
D
2>
@
20
O
25
O
X`fêgokd n` Dnvërhkas: sïa klpartdgt`s as dnvërhkas: cagcag f` Yn`\, p`rta Yn`\ ` praxkldl`gt` Yd, n`\. ^anas as dnvërhkas t`rlkgdnas `l -l`gt`, t`gn`l d dpr`s`gtdr d l`sld pr`paskpr`paskæïa nas dnj`vas: Oalpdv`c Yoal\9 oalpdv`cl`gt` Yoal\.
X`cdva Yd\9 r`cdvdl`gt` Yd\
X@FÊGOKD U@XHDC @ GALKGDC
X`fêgokd U`rhdc Ë d pdrt` nd cìgfud qu` s` aoupd nd r`cdæïa `gtr` as v`rhas ` as t`rlas qu` s` s`fu`l d `c` ` oalpc`tdl a s`u s`gna. As v`rhas sïa as t`rlas r`f`gt`s, `gqudgta as ahj`tas (nkr`ta ` kgnkr`ta) ` dnjugtas dnv`rhkdks sïa as t`rlas r`fknas. As v`rhas pan`l s`r: - U`rhas ^rdgskvas: ^rdgskvas: @xkf`l oalpc`l`gta (ahj`tas) pdrd qu` t`gmdl s`gna oalpc`ta. Ran`l s`r: ^rdgskvas Nkr`tas9 ^rdgskvas Kgnkr`tas9 ^rdgskvas Nkr`tas ` Kgnkr`tas. - U`rhas Kgtrdgskvas: Kgtrdgskvas: @xkst`l v`rhas kgtrdgskvas qu` pr`pr` oksdl vkr doalpdgmdnas n` dnjugtas dnv`rhkdks dp`gds pdrd ndndr`l ul s`gna oalpc`ta pdrd d erds`.
X`fêgokd Galkgdc ` U`rhdc
X`fêgokd ë d r`cdæïa n` suharnkgdæïa qu` aoarr` `gtr` ul v`rha (au ul gal`) ` s`us oalpc`l`gtas. Aoupd-s` `l `std`stdh`c`o`r r`cdæð`s `gtr` ds pdcdvrds, orkdgna erds`s gïa dlhìfuds, qu` `xpr`ss`l `e`vdl`gt` `e`vdl`gt` a s`gna n`s`jdna, qu` s`jdl oar oar-r`tds ` ocdrds. X`fêgokd Galkgdc Mä gal`s n` s`gna kgoalpc`tas. _uhstdgvas, dnj`vas, `, o`rtas dnvërhkas, pan`l, oala ga odsa nas v`rhas, pr`oksdr n` ul oalpc`l`gta (oalpc`l`gta galkgdc) pdrd oalpc`tdr s`u s`gna: _au n`vata (gal` n` s`gna kgoalpc`ta) da _dgta @xp`nkta (oalpc. Galkgdc).
@x`lpcas n` r`fêgokd v`rhdc gïa pr`paskokagdnd
C`u a jargdc. Oal`u a omaoacdt`. H`h`u a vkgma. Auvku d lúskod. @stunau d ldtërkd. E`z a jdgtdr
A suhstdgva n`vata r`f` ul oalpc`l`gta galkgdc pr`pr`o`nkna nd pr`paskæïa (da). _`gna dsskl, d r`cdæïa pdroucdr `gtr` a gal` ` oalpc`l`gta, `stä s`lpr` ldrodnd par uld pr`paskæïa. Oagtuna, odh` ahs`rvdr, qu` o`rtas suhstdgvas ` dnj`vas dnj`vas dnlkt`l ldks n` uld r`fêgokd (ldks n` uld pr`paskæïa). U`jdlas dcfugs gal`s oal ds pr`paskæð`s qu` ds r`f`l:
@x`lpcas n` r`fêgokd v`rhdc pr`paskokagdnd Rrao`n`u â c`kturd na ckvra. Rdfau da earg`o`nar. N`sah`n`o`u das ldgndl`gtas. Dpakau-s` gd l`sd. Dpdkxagau-s` par sud l`cmar dlkfd. L`nktau sahr` d passkhkckndn`.
Do`ssìv`c Yd, pdrd\ - doastuldna Yd, oal\ - dn`qudna Yd\ dnlkrdæïa Yd, par\ - dcm`ka Yd, n`\ - dckdna Yd, oal\ - dldgt` Yn`\ ‟ dlkfa Yn`\ - dlar Yd, n`, pdrd oal, par\ ‟dgskasa Yn`, pdrd, par\ - dpta Yd, pdrd\ - dssìnua Yd, `l\ - dt`gæïa Yd\ - dt`gta Yd, `l\ - dt`gokasa Yoal, pdrd oal\ - h`gëoa Yd\ - h`g`oka Yd\
Tudgna d r`fêgokd v`rhdc ë e`ktd dtrdvës n` uld pr`paskæïa, ds ldks uckzdnds sïa: d, n`, oal, `l, pdrd, par, sahr`.
‟ hal Ypdrd\ Y pdrd\ - odpdokndn` Yn`, pdrd\ - odpdz Yn`, pdrd\ ‟ o`fa
8>
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
dfrdndr d9 ah`n`o`r d9 dssksr d9 vksdr d9 c`lhrdr-s` n`9 sklpdzdr oal9 oalpdr`o`r `l9
Dsskgdc` d apæïa qu` kgnkod d erds` `l qu` d pr`paskæïa –d“ kgtranuz ul dnjugta ` gïa gïa ul ul oalpc`l`gta. D) A Hrdskc nä N`us d qu`l gïa t`l gaz`s, n`gt`s `to. H) Ë pr`oksa pdssdr a Hrdskc d cklpa. O) Pl l`lardgna s`rv` gïa pdrd kgearldr d qu`l a cê, lds pdrd prat`f`r qu`l a `sor`v`. N) Tu`l ë hurra p`n` d N`us qu` a ldt` ` da nkdha qu`
oagvaodr traodr par9pdrd9 dc`rtdr sahr`.
a odrr`fu`. @) A n`s`gvacvkl`gta ë uld r`o`ktd nas `oagalkstds pdrd pralav`r as lks`räv`ks d pahr`s ‟ `, âs v`z`s, vko`-v`rsd. vko`-v`rsd. 2?. Rr`e 2?. Rr`e.. n` Ecarkdgÿpacks/_O ‟ Duxkckdr n` _dcd ‟ 8245 - E@E@R@_@
TP@_^Ð@_ 24. LR@-FA - _`or`tärka Duxkckdr ‟ Fakäs ‟ 824= ‟ LR@-FA
D ckgfudf`l paëod @lhard n` aoarrêgokd er`qu`gt` ga oankdga, d frdläod garldvd gïa do`ktd a usa na l`sla oalpc`l`gta pdrd v`rv`rhas oal r`fêgokds nke`r`gt`s. Dsskgdc` d apæïa `l qu` `ss` pa n` trdgsfr`ssïa gïa aoarr`. D) –Ran`-s` oagoarndr au nksoarndr, dtë rdnkodcl`gt`, n` tand d pacìod `xt`rgd hrdskc`krd.“ (Ocÿvks Xassk) H) –@nuodnar ë tana dqu`c` qu` oage`r` ` oagvkv` oal `s`ss`s oagm`okl`gtas.“ oagm`okl`gtas.“ (J. Odrcas n` _ausd) O) Uk ` fast`k lukta na cl` A jdrnkg`kra `c ouja nkr`tar ë ul hrdskc`kra. N) D saok`ndn` hrdskc`krd qu`r d pdz, dgs`kd par `cd ` d `cd dspkrd. @) Kgt`r`ss`k-l` ` n`skgt`r`ss`k-l` p`ca dssugta quds` qu` skluctdg`dl`gt`.
@l r`cdæïa â prasd oalul, a pa`ld s` n`g` n` o`rtds r`strkæð`s ` n` o`rtds ckh`rndn`s. Er`qu`gt`l`gt` s` oageugn` d pa`skd oal a v`rsa. Gd sud arkf`l, a v`rsa t`l uld eugæïa lg`ulatëogkod (< tëogkod n` l`larkzdr)9 as t`xtas gdrrdvas, cìrkoas ` l`sla mkstÿrkoas ` nknäoas `rdl oalugkodnas ardcardc l`gt`, ` as v`rsas ‟ r`p`æïa n` ul l`sla gúl`ra n` sìcdhds au n` ul gúl`ra xa n` do`gtas tþgkoas ` `v`gtudcl`gt` r`r` p`æïa n` uld l`sld sagarkndn` (rkld) ‟ edokcktdvdl d l`l`larkzdæïa. Ldks tdrn` a v`rsa s` targau l`ka dn`pa`skd `ge`ktdr nksoursa, l`ka qu` s` n`svdcarkzau pauoaul d pauoa: oagaoagt`lparèg`d ë rkldnd, lds rdrdl`gt` v`rskodnd. Gd v`rndn` a vdcar paëoa na v`rsa n`oarr` n` suds r`cdæð`s oal a rktla, oal d skgtdx`, oal ds sagarkndn`s, oal a s`gna nds pdcdvrds. A pa`ld ë ul tana. (…) As pa`tds `gerdqu`o`l d skgtdx`, edz`gna-d djustdr-s` âs `xkfêgokds na v`rsa ` nd `xpr`ssïa paëod. _`l s` p`rlkr v`rndn`krds v`rndn`kr ds kgoarr`æð`s frdldodks, `c`s s` p`rlkt`l –cko`gæds paëods“. Dcël nkssa, `c`s trdhdcmdl a s`gna nds pdcdvrds `l nkr`nkr` æð`s oagträrkds: s`jd ndgna d o`rtas t`rlas uld `xt`gsïa au uld kgn`t`rlkgdæïa kgusktdnds9 s`jd uckzdgna s`gnas rdras, `l n`susa au gavas9 s`jd orkdgna gavds pdcdvrds. ^dks ckh`rndn`s dpdr`o`l ldks pdroucdrl`gt` gd uckzduckzdæïa n` kldf`gs. Dsskl, J`dg Oam`g, da `stundr a prao`ssa n` edhrkodæïa edhrkodæ ïa nds oalpdrdæð`s paëods, ahs`rvd qu` d ckgfudf`l oarr`gt` edz `spagtdg`dl`gt` dp`ca d oalpdrdæð`s –rdzaäv`ks“ (p`rg`gt`s) na pa –d t`rrd ë r`nagnd oala uld cdrdgjd“ (d r`nagn`zd ë `e`vdl`gt` uld qudckndn` oalul â t`rrd ` d uld cdrdgjd), da pdssa qu` d ckgfudf`l paëod edhrkod oalpdoalpdrdæð`s kgusktdnds tdks oala: –H`ca oala d oaksd gavd/Gd prdprd t`c`krd dtë `gtïa vdzkd“ (Jaïa Odhrdc n` L`ca G`ta). Au, `gtïa `strdgmds oala: –D t`rrd ë dzuc oala uld cdrdgjd“ (Rduc Ëcudrn Ëcudrn). ).
28. OAN@HD ‟ Dgdckstd Rartuärka ‟ Dnlkgkstrdnar ‟ 8245 28. - EFU X`cdtÿrkas X`cdtÿrkas n` okroucdæïa r`strktd sïa nkrkfknas d c`ktar`s n` p`rc h`l `sp`oìoa. As r`cdtÿrkas n` kgquërkta, par `x`lpca, sïa cknas p`cds p`ssads nkr`tdl`gt` `gvacvknds gd kgv`sfdæïa n` qu` trdtdl. Pl r`cdtÿrka n` kgquërkta orklkgdc t`rä oala c`kc`k tar`s pr`e`r`gokdks n`c`fdnas, dnvafdnas, juìz`s ` pralatar`s. Dutar`s n` r`cdtÿrkas qu` têl c`ktar`s n`gknas pan`l pr`ssupar qu` oalpdrcmdl oal s`us c`ktar`s ul oagm`okl`goagm`okl`gta f`rdc sahr` d qu`stïa dharndnd. G`ss` s`gna, pan`l edz`r ul t`xta qu` eaodckz` dsp`otas `sp`oìoas s`l t`r`l d g`o`sskg`o`sskndn` n` dpr`s`gtdr kgearldæð`s prëvkds. Kssa gïa doagt`o` oal r`cdtÿrkas n` okroucdæïa ldks dlpcd. G`ss` odsa, as dutar`s na r`cdtÿrka n`v`l c`vdr `l oagskn`rdoagskn`rdæïa a edta n` t`r`l oala kgt`rcaoutar`s p`ssads qu` s` kgt`kgt`r`ssdl p`ca dssugta dharndna, lds gïa têl qudcqu`r oagm`oagm`okl`gta sahr` `c`. Ga lal`gta n` `cdhardr a r`cdtÿrka, s`rä pr`oksa c`vdr `ss` edta `l oagskn`rdæïa ` kgtranuzkr, ga t`xta, tands ds kgearldæð`s g`o`ssärkds pdrd fdrdgr qu` as c`ktar`s passdl doalpdgmdr as ndnas dpr`s`gtdnas, d dgäcks` e`ktd ` d oagocusïa n`oarr`gt` n`ssd dgäcks`.
Erdgoks Udgay`
Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd oarr`td qudgta â r`fêgokd v`rhdc. D) Omdldrdl J`dg n` pa`td. H) –Gïa ah`n`æa d rkld nds `strae`s“ `strae`s“,, nkss` a pa`td. O) ^anas ^anas as `sorktar`s pr`e`r`l a `cafka na qu` d orìod N) Rdssau ga okg`ld a cl` sahr` dqu`c` pa`td qu` fasta lukta. @) @u l` c`lhr`k as nkds nd c`kturd n` pa`skd gd `soacd.
–X`cdtÿrkas n` okroucdæïa r`strktd sïa nkrkfknas d c`ktar`s n` p`rc h`l `sp`oìoa“. `sp`oìoa“. Ga odsa n`ss` s`fl`gta na t`xta, d pr`paskæïa d ë n` usa frdldodc,c, paks ë `xkfknd p`cd r`fêgokd na v`rha nkrkfkr . frdldod
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CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
2>. ^J/_R - @sor`v`gt` ^ëogkoa Junkokärka - 8245 - UPG@_R
X@_RA_^D_
Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` a p`rìana, dndptdna nd r`r`vkstd R`squksd Edp`sp n` jugma n` 8248, `stä oarr`ta qudgta â r`fêgokd galkgdc ` â pagtudæïa. D) Gïa mä núvknd qu` ds lucm`r`s dlpckdl, rdpkndl`gt`, s`u `spdæa gd odrr`krd ok`gtìekod dkgnd qu` a dvdgæa s`jd ldks gatäv`c autras. `l dcfugs pdìs`s, a Hrdskc ë ul `x`lpca, na qu` `l H) Gïa mä núvknd qu` ds lucm`r`s dlpckdl rdpkndl`gt`, s`u `spdæa gd odrr`krd ok`gtìekod, dkgnd qu`, a dvdgæa s`jd ldks gatäv`c `l dcfugs pdìs`s (a Hrdskc ë ul `x`lpca) na qu` `l autras. O) Gïa mä núvknd n` qu`, ds lucm`r`s, dlpckdl rdpkndrdpknd l`gt` s`u `spdæa gd odrr`krd ok`god9 dkgnd qu` a dvdgæa s`jd ldks gatäv`c, `l dcfugs pdìs`s, a Hrdskc ë ul `x`lpca!, na qu` `l autras. N) Gïa mä núvknd n` qu` ds lucm`r`s, dlpckdl rdpkndl`gt` s`u `spdæa, gd odrr`krd ok`god, dkgnd qu` a dvdgæa s`jd ldks gatäv`c, `l dcfugs pdìs`s: a Hrdskc ë ul `x`lpca, na qu` `l autras. @) Gïa mä núvknd n` qu` ds lucm`r`s dlpckdl rdpkndl`gt` s`u `spdæa gd odrr`krd ok`god, dkgnd qu` a dvdgæa s`jd ldks gaga täv`c `l dcfugs pdìs`s ‟ a Hrdskc ë ul `x`lpca ‟ na qu` `l autras.
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OACAODÆÏA RXAGALKGDC
OACAODÆÏA NA_ RXAGALKGDC D oacaodæïa nas pragal`s ahcìquas ätagas ë ul edtar klpartdgt` gd mdrlagkd nd erds`. @cd r`sp`ktd três pas n` paskæïa qu` as pragal`s ätagas l`, t`, a, d, cm`, gas, vas, as, ds, cm`s pan`l aoupdr gd ardæïa: Rrÿocks` - a pragal` ë oacaodna dgt`s na v`rha. L`sÿocks` - a pragal` ë oacaodna ga l`ka na v`rha. Êgocks` - a pragal` ë oacaodna n`paks na v`rha.
‟ EOO20. LR@-R@ - Dgdckstd Lkgkst`rkdc - Är`d Dunktarkd ‟ 824=
Rrÿocks`
Rdrd agn` vïa ds pdcdvrds
- Ardæð`s g`fdvds, g`fdvds, qu` oagt`gmdl pdcdvrds oala: gïa, gkgfuël, gugod. Gïa a vk agt`l. Gugod a trdt`k ldc.
Oala s` sdh`, d pdcdvrd nurdgt` nurdgt` dcful t`lpa eak ahrkfdnd d r`oudr nkdgt` nd kldf`l, ` a lugna `sorkta ` klpr`ssa nkdgt` na edcdna gd t`cd. ^krds n` qudnrkgmas ` ckvras kcustrdnas oal ul lìgkla n` t`xta maj` gïa s` n`sgdl ldks sal`gt` d kgkokdgkgkokdgt`s qu` `stïa dpr`gn`gna d sac`trdr. N` lukta ldks p`sa, ga `gtdgta, ë a r`oua nd gaokd klpr`ssd `l edo` nd gaokd edcdnd ` kcustrdnd. D klpr`gsd, prkgokpdc v`ìouca nd `se`rd púhckod ga sëouca ] K ] dsskl oala `l had pdrt` na sëouca ]], nkokcl`gt` s`rä odpdz n` ldgt`r sud paskæïa ga sëouca ] ] K. Lds gdnd nkssa pan` n`t`r d dso`gsïa qudgtdvd nd ckt`ckt` rdturd. D rkfar, rkfar, `u quds` nkrìd qu` - dp`sdr nas prafgÿsoas p`sp`s sklkstds - a ldks klpartdgt` v`ìouca trdnkokagdc nd ckt`rdturd, a
- Rragal`s r`cdvas, kgn`gknas au n`lagstrdvas. n`lagstrdvas. Eak `c` qu` a nkss` d v`rndn`. Dcfugs cm`s oustdrdl d vknd. Kssa l` c`lhrd kgeègokd. - U`rhas dgt`o`nknas par dnvërhkas au `xpr`ssð`s dnv`rhkdks,, d gïa s`r qu` mdjd vìrfucd n`paks na dnvërhka, paks dnv`rhkdks dsskl a dnvërhka n`kxd n` dtrdkr a pragal`. Agt`l l` z`rdl uld prapastd.
ckvra klpr`ssa, s`l frdgn`nas nkoucndn`, oal pauods `xo`æð`s, oalasahr`vkv`rä ds nds `gokocapënkds, nkokagärkas, nas oaloalpêgnkas n` kgearldæïa `to., as qu`rknkgmas nd kgt`rg`t.
Dfard, `squ`æd-s`. - Ardæð`s `xocdldvds ` ardæð`s qu` `xprkldl n`s`ja qu` dcfa doagt`æd. doagt`æd. N`us gas djun`. @sp`ra qu` l` nês uld had gaokd.
(Dndptdna n`: MAH_HDVL, @rko. ^`lpas erdturdnas. _ïa Rduca: Oal pdgmkd nds C`trds, 824?, p. 8;-?2.)
A v`rha kgnkodna `gtr` pdrêgt`s`s n`v`rä `xkagdr-s` n` lana d oagoarndr oal a `c`l`gta suhckgmdna gd s`fukgt` erds`: D) @gtr` ds värkds dtrdæð`s qu` (oagt`r) ul ckvra, uld ë d n` targdr-s` ul ahk`ta na de`ta n` qu`l a passuk. H) _` mä kldf`gs p`cds qudks s` (n`kxdr) pr`gn`r ul `sp`otdnar, mä pdcdvrds qu` `godgtdl ul c`ktar . O) Tudgna mä gul ckvra kldf`gs `xo`sskvds, qu` (oagtdlkgdr) ul t`xta, ds pdcdvrds sd`l n`svdcarkzdnds. N) D n`sp`kta n` (mdv`r) g`c` furds n`ldks, `ss` ckvra kgkgedgc dtrdk tdlhël ul c`ktar dnucta. @) Das er`qu`gtdnar`s nd kgt`rg`t (dtrdkr) sahr`tuna a vacu vacu--
- Ardæð`s oal oagjugæð`s suharnkgdvds. suharnkgdvds. @x`lpcas: @lhard s` s`gss` l`cmar l`cmar,, sdku. Oagearl` cm` nkss`, maj` vau sdkr ldks o`na. - U`rha ga f`rúgnka r`fkna nd pr`paskæïa `l. `l . @l s` trdtdgna n` Hrdskc, tuna pan` doagt`o`r. @l s` n`oknkgna p`ca v`sna, apt` p`ca ldks ocdra.
l` n` kgearldæð`s qu` g`cd okroucdl.
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TP@_^Ð@_
- Ardæð`s kgt`rrafdvds. kgt`rrafdvds. Tudgna t` nkss`rdl tdc l`grd1 Tu`l t` ckfau1
24. Rr`e. n` Ecarkdgÿpacks/_O ‟ Duxkckdr n` _dcd ‟ 8246 E@R@_@ Dgdcks` d erds` dhdkxa: –A prae`ssar nksouu............l`slas nksouu............ l`slas d r`sp`kta nd n`sdv`gæd `gtr` .........` ........ .
L`sÿocks` Ë passìv`c dp`gds oal v`rhas na Eutura na Rr`s`gt` au na Eutura Rr`tërkta. da usa na nd Rr`tërkta Rrÿocks`. . _` mauv`r pdcdvrd dtrdvd, nä-s` pr`e`rêgokd @goagtrdr-l`-`k oal lkgmds rdìz`s. @goagtrdr-l`-kd oal lkgmds rdìz`s. Êgocks`
Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd qu` oalpc`td oarr`tdl`gt` ds cdougds na t`xta. D) oal gÿs • `u • H) oagasoa • `u • tu O) oagasoa • lkl • N) oagasoa • lkl • tu @) oal gÿs • lkl • 28. Rr`e. n` Oduodkd/O@ ‟ Df`gt` n` _upart` d Eksodckzdæïa ‟ 8245 - O@^X@N@ Ldrqu` d apæïa `l qu` aoarr` êgocks`. D) Nkss`rdl-l` d v`rndn`. H) Gïa gas oalugkodrdl a edta. O) Nkr-s`-kd qu` tdc oagstruæïa gïa ë oarr`td. N) D laæd s` p`gt`au. @) Oagtdr-l`-ïa d v`rndn`1
Psd-s` d Êgocks` qudgna a usa nd Rrÿocks` ` L`sÿocks` gïa ear`l passìv`ks. D oacaodæïa n` pragal` n`paks na v`rha ë dtrdìnd p`cds s`fukgt`s sktudæð`s: - U`rha ga klp`rdva drldva. drldva. N`paks n` dvdckdr dvdckdr,, omdl`l-gas. Da kgkokdr, nkstrkhudl-cm`s ds s`gmds! - U`rha ga kggkva klp`ssadc . Rr`oksa dpr`s`gtdr-t` d lkgmd krlï. A s`u pkar p`sdn`ca ë odsdr-s`.
2?. LR@/X_ ‟ Df`gt` Dnlkgkstrdva ‟ 8246 - LR@-X_ Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd qu` pr``gom` oarr`td ` r`sp`ovdl`gt` r`sp`ovdl`g t` ds cdougds nas `gugokdnas dhdkxa. 4. Tudgta da p`nkna na _`gmar _`or`tärka, d s`or`tdrkd n`v`rä QQQQQQQQ qu` dkgnd gïa mä nkspagkhkckndn` n` r`oursas. 8. Dp`sdr n` a r`fkl`gta gïa `xkfkr uld skgnkoègokd g`st` pa n` sktudæïa, d frdvkndn` nd aoarrêgokd QQQQQQQQ, s`l núvknd. ?. @lhard as gavas drfas cklkt`l a dcodgo` nd c`k, `c`s gïa QQQQQQQQ.
- U`rha kgkokd d ardæïa. ardæïa. Nkss`-cm` d v`rndn` sahr` gassa dlar. Drr`pk`k-l` oal tdc r`cdta. - U`rha ga f`rúgnka (s`l f`rúgnka (s`l d pr`paskæïa `l, paks r`fkna p`cd pr`paskæïa `l `l usd-s` usd-s` d Rrÿocks`). Ukva p`rfugtdgna-l` oala pan` s`r tïa edcsa. Edæa luktas dpagtdl`gtas, p`rfugtdgna-cm` a lava na gfkl`gta. Oal Caouæïa U`rhdc
D) kgearldr-cm` ‟ d jusodrkd ‟ r`vafdl-gd H) kgearldr-cm` ‟ jusoä-cd-kd ‟ d r`vafdl O) kgearlä-ca ‟ jusodr-cm`-kd ‟ d r`vafdl N) kgearlä-ca ‟ d jusodrkd ‟ cm` r`vafdl
^anas as `x`lpcas dtë dfard têl dp`gds ul v`rha dtrdkgna a pragal`. U`jdlas oala od d oacaodæïa na pragal` gds caouæð`s v`rhdks (s`fukgna tands ds r`frds oktdnds dgt`rkarl`gt`).
@) kgearldr-cm` ‟ jusoä-cd-kd ‟ r`vafdl-gd - Êgocks` n`paks na v`rha duxkckdr au n`paks na v`rha v`r ha prkgokpdc gds caouæð`s v`rhdks `l qu` a v`rha prkgokpdc `stä ga kgekgktkva au ga f`rúgnka. N`va omdldr-t` p`ca prkl`kra gal`. N`va-cm` omdldr p`ca prkl`kra gal`.
2>. KR_LK ‟ Rraourdnar ‟ 8245 - UPG@_R Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` d oacaodæïa pragalkgdc ` d oagjufdæïa nas v`rhas `stïa n` doarna oal d garld-pdnrïa. D) @c`s s` nksparïa d oacdhardr oalkfa, s` v`r`l qu` gïa pr`junkodr`k-ass gas g`fÿokas. pr`junkodr`k-a H) Rrapus`la-gas djunä-ca, n`sn` qu` s` ldgv`ss` odcdna. O) ^`gna dvksdna-ds na p`rkfa qu` oarrkdl, `sp`rdvd qu` `cds s` oagt`ss`l da nkrkfkr gd `strdnd. N) ^anas dck s` pr`nkspardl d djundr-gas, pdrd qu` gas s`gss`las â vagtdn`. @) As qu` gugod `gfdgdrdl-s` sïa pauoas, lds fastdl n` qu` s` dcdrn`k`l s`us lërktas.
- Odsa gïa mdjd pdcdvrd qu` dtrdkd d Rrÿocks`, Êgocks` ë usdnd n`paks na v`rha duxkckdr agn` a v`rha prkgokpdc `stä ga pdroìpka. Eak-cm` nkta oala n`v`rkd klp`nkr kssa. ^kgmd-cm` e`kta ds ldcds pdrd qu` pdrss` a ldks räpkna passìv`c.
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CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D 20. HDMKDFÄ_ Dgdckstd 20. HDMKDFÄ_ Dgdckstd n` Rrao`ssas Arfdgkzdokagdks - Dnlkgkstrdæïa ` Rskoacafkd ‟ 8245 - K@_@_ Dsskgdc` d apæïa `l qu` d oacaodæïa nas pragal`s ätagas `stä KGOAXX@^D: D) Gïa oagskn`ra-l` uld p`ssad n` sart`9 l` oagskn`ra uld p`ssad qu` trdhdcmd pdrd s` sust`gtdr ` `searæd-s` pdrd s` oacaodr h`l gd vknd. H) Rdfdr-cm`s-`k Rdfdr-cm`s-`k tuna a qu` cm`s n`va, lds ga n`vkna t`lpa ` gd n`vknd earld. O) D sktudæïa gïa ë l`cmar gd Xússkd, agn` as dgfas s`rvas targdrdl-s` lujkqu`s edlkgtas, g`l gas pdìs`s l`nkt`rrèg`as, agn` as odlpas sahr`odrr`fdnas n` mal`gs sïa kgodpdz`s n` dckl`gtä-cas. N) N`us l` ckvr` n`ss` ldcnkta lasqukta! G`l l` edc`l g`ssds na`gæds qu` `c` trdgslkt`! @) R`n` d N`us qu` t` prat`jd ` nê luktd vknd ` sdún` d t`us pdks. 25. ^X^ ‟ 4>ª X`fkïa ‟ ^ëogkoa Junkokärka ‟ Är`d Dnlkgkstrdvd ‟ 8246 - EOO
Ga qu` s` r`e`r` da `lpr`fa na do`gta kgnkodva n` ords` ` â oacaodæïa na pragal`, d dct`rgdvd qu` oalpc`td oarr`tdl`gt` oarr`tdl`gt` d erds` A pdc`strdgt` n`u ul oags`cma... Ë: D) â dcfugs jav`gs qu` `soutdvdl-ga. H) â `st`s jav`gs qu` a `soutdvdl. O) âqu`c`s jav`gs qu` a `soutdvdl N) â juv`gtun` qu` `soutdvd-a. @) â uld paræïa n` jav`gs qu` a `soutdvd. X@_RA_^D_ 24
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Mä ul odsa n` oagtrdæïa qu` l`r`o` n`stdqu`: D ords`, qu` ë d eusïa nd pr`paskæïa d oal a drfa n`gkna e`lkgkga d(s) d(s),, au nd pr`paskæïa d oal a d kgkokdc nas pragal`s n`lagstrdv n`lagstrdvas as dqu`c`(s), dqu`cd(s), dqukca, dqukca, au dkgnd nd pr`paskæïa d oal ul pragal` n`lagstrdva d(s) d(s),, au `gtïa nd pr`paskæïa d oal a d kgkokdc na pragal` r`cdva d qudc (ds qudks). qudks). @ssd eusïa n` nuds vafdks knêgods, frdodl`gt` frdodl`gt` r`pr`s`gtdnd par ul d oal do`gta frdv` (â), nä-s` a gal` n` ords`. U`r`las, d s`fukr, ds prkgokpdks r`frds.
8=
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
Psd-s` d Ords`:
- Dgt`s nas pragal`s n`lagstrdvas `std ` `ssd: L` r`r`ra d `std l`gkgd9 D edlìckd gïa n`u auvknas d `ssd eaeaod.
- Caouæð`s pr`paskvds, caouæð`s dnv`rhkdks au caouæð`s oagjugvds oal a gúoc`a ul suhstdgva e`lkgkga: â qu`kld-
- Dgt`s nas pragal`s p`ssadks: p`ssadks: Gïa nkfd d `cd.
raupd, â gakt`, â earæd n`, âs v`z`s, âs `sourds, â l`nknd qu`, âs pr`ssds, â oustd n`, âs lkc ldrdvkcmds, â tdrn`, âs agz` mards, `to. Gïa oageugnd d caouæïa dnv`rhkdc âs v`z`s oal d `xpr`ssïa edz`r ds v`z`s n`, `l qu` gïa mä ords` parqu` a –ds“ ë drfa n`gkna pura.
- Dgt`s nas pragal`s kgn`gknas oal `xo`æïa n` autrd: Edcdr`k kssa d qudcqu`r p`ssad. Oal a pragal` kgn`gkna auau trd(s), pan` mdv`r ords` paks, âs v`z`s, do`ktd a drfa n`gkna d(s): @stdvdl n` er`gt` ulds âs autrds (ga ldsouckga, odrkd –@stdvdl –@stdv dl n` er`gt` ugs das autras“).
- Caouæð`s qu` `xprkl`l mard n`t`rlkgdnd: @c` om`fau âs n`z mards ` vkgt` lkgutas.
- Tudgna a –d“ `sv`r ga skgfucdr ` d pdcdvrd s`fukgt` `sv`r ga pcurdc: Oagt`k d p`ssads qu` p`rfugtdrdl.
- D `xpr`ssïa –â land n`“ (au –â ldg`krd n`“) `sv`r suh`gt`gnknd: L`sla qu` d pdcdvrd suhs`qu`gt` ear ldsouckgd mä ords`: @c` ë ul fdcï â Nag Judg.
- Tudgna, dgt`s na –d“, mauv`r pr`paskæïa: As ckvras `std`stdvdl sah d l`sd. @xo`æïa pdrd dtë par lava n` ocdr`zd: D äfud na rka suhku dtë â Rr`e`kturd nd okndn`. (< d äfud om`fau p`rta nd Rr`e`kturd)9 Rr`e`kturd)9 s` gïa mauv`ss` a skgdc nd ords`, a s`gna odrkd dlhìfua: d äfud om`fau dtë d Rr`e`kturd (< kgugnau kgocuskv` d Rr`e`kturd).
–rud“,, –cajd“ –cajd“,, –`stdæïa n` ränka“ ränka“,, `to. `s- Ds `xpr`ssð`s –rud“ v`r`l suh`gt`gnknds: Ukrau s`gna â Mkfk`gÿpacks (< Ukrau
s`gna â Xud Mkfk`gÿpacks)9 Ealas â R`rgdlhuodgds (ealas â cajd R`rgdlhuod R`rgdlhuodgds). gds). - Ë klpcìoktd uld pdcdvrd e`lkgkgd: @std erutd ë s`l`cmdgt` â uvd (< â erutd erutd). ).
- Oal `xpr`ssð`s r`p`vds: _`odlas d odsd fatd d fatd.
- Rragal` suhstdgva pass`sskva e`lkgkga ga skgfucdr au pcurdc : Dqu`cd odsd ë s`l`cmdgt` â gassd. A do`gta kgnkodva n` ords` ë ahrkfdtÿrka parqu`, ga ldsouckga, odrkd dsskl: Dqu`c` odrra ë s`l`cmdgt` da gassa (pr`paskæïa + drfa n`gkna).
`xpr`ssð`s taldnds n` ldg`krd kgn`t`rlkgdnd: - Oal Rr`ra jkcÿ d kgj`æïa (ga ldso. < pr`ra jkcÿ d r`lënka). kgt`rrafdva, gïa aoarr` ords`: D - Dgt`s n` pragal` kgt`rrafdva, D qudc dutarkndn` krä s` nkrkfkr1
- Gïa oageugnkr n`vkna oal ndna (d, as, ds): d `xpr`ssïa p`n` pr`paskæïa –d“, t`gna ords` dgt`s n` pdcdvrd e`lkgkgd n`n` t`rlkgdnd p`ca drfa n`gkna. N`vkna â omuvd n` agt`l, as trdhdcmas eardl odgo`cdnas (< n`vkna da t`lpardc n` agt`l, as trdhdcmas...)9 Jä d autrd `xpr`ssïa gïa do`ktd pr`paskæïa –d“ (a –d“ qu` dpdr`o` ë drfa n`gkna, gïa s` usd, ords`): Ndnd d r`spastd sahr` a dokn`gt` (< ndna a `socdr`okl`gta sahr`...).
- Gd `xpr`ssïa vdc`r d p`gd (ga s`gna n` vdc`r a sdork oka, a `searæa), gïa aoarr` ords`, paks a –d“ ë drfa n`gkna: Gïa s`k s` `st` trdhdcma vdc` d p`gd. Ords` Edouctdvd: - Dgt`s n` gal`s prÿprkas e`lkgkgas: N`k as pdrdhëgs â Oknd9 N`k as pdrdhëgs d Oknd. Dgt`s n` ul gal` n` p`ssad, papan`-s` au gïa usdr a drfa –d“ (–D Odlkcd ë uld had dlkfd“. Au –Odlkcd ë uld had dlkfd“). _`gna dsskl, l`sla qu` d pr`papr`paskæïa `st`jd pr`s`gt`, d ords` ë edouctdvd.
Eard as odsas dgt`rkar`s, n`v`-s` suhstukr d pdcdvrd e`lke`lk gkgd par autrd ldsouckgd nd l`sld eugæïa skgtäod. Odsa us` –da“ ga ldsouckga, mdv`rä ords` ga –d“ na e`lkgkga. _` aoarr`r –d“ au –a“ ga ldsouckga, gïa mdv`rä ords` ga –d“ na e`lkgkga. Gïa s` usd Ords`:
- Dgt`s n` pragal` dnj`va pass`sskva e`lkgkga skgfucdr: R`nku p`rlkssïa â lkgmd `spasd9 R`nku p`rlkssïa d lkgmd `s`spasd. L`sld `xpckodæïa ë knêgod â na kt`l dgt`rkar. Rartdgta, l`sla oal d pr`s`gæd nd pr`paskæïa, d ords` ë edouctdv edouctdvd. d.
- Dgt`s n` pdcdvrd ldsouckgd: Om`fau d t`lpa9 U`gn`-s` d prdza. - Dgt`s n` v`rha: Ekodlas d dnlkrä-cas9 @c` oal`æau d t`r dcuokgdæð`s.
- Gal`s n` caodckndn`s: mä ds qu` dnlkt`l drfa dgt`s ` ds qu` gïa a dnlkt`l. Rdrd s` sdh`r s` a gal` n` uld caodckndcaodckndn` do`ktd drfa, suhstud a v`rha nd erds` p`cas v`rhas `stdr au vkr.. _` aoarr`r d oalhkgdæïa –gd“ oal a v`rha `stdr au –nd“ oal vkr a v`rha vkr, mdv`rä ords` oal a –d“ nd erds` arkfkgdc. _` aoarr`r –`l“ au –n`“, gïa mdv`rä ords`: Tu`ra oagm`o`r â @urapd (`stau gd @urapd9 vkl nd @urapd)9 A dvkïa nkrkfkd-s` d _ïa Rduca (`stau `l _ïa Rduca9 vkl n` _ïa Rduca).
- Dgt`s n` drfa kgn`gkna: Gas nkrkfklas d ul odkxd. - Dgt`s n` `xpr`ssïa n` trdtdl`gta kgtranuzknd p`cas pragal`s pass`sskvas Uassd au _ud au d `xpr`ssïa Uaoê: @gvkdrdl oagvkt`s d Uassd _`gmarkd9 @goagtrdr @goagtrdr`las `las d _ud Ldj`stdn`9 @c` qu`rkd p`rfugtdr d vaoê.
8;
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
TP@_^Ð@_
20. Rr`e. N` Orkokúld/_O ‟ @gf`gm`kra Okvkc ‟ 8245 - E@R@_@ Dgdcks` ds erds`s qudgta da usa oarr`ta nd ords`. 4. A s`u tdc`gta sÿ `rd oalpdräv`c â sud hagndn`. 8. Gïa pþn` oalpdr`o`r â o`rklþgkd n` pass` gd Rr`e`kturd. ?. Tu`l s` vkr `l dpuras, n`v` r`oarr`r â oaarn`gdæïa caodc n` pravds. >. Nkd d nkd, vau v`go`gna âs hdtdcmds qu` d vknd l` dpr`s`gtd.
24. RO-LF - @sorkvïa n` Racìokd Okvkc ‟ 824= - EPLDXO Aoarr` ords` qudgna mä d eusïa nd pr`paskæïa –d“ oal a drfa n`gkna e`lkgkga –d“ au `gtr` d pr`paskæïa –d“ ` a pra gal` n`lagstrdva –dqu`c`“ (` vdrkdæð`s). KGNKTP@ d dct`rgdvd qu` dpr`s`gtd usa EDOPC^D^KUA nd ords`. D) _ackoktdlas d n`vacuæïa nas naoul`gtas `gvkdnas â `l`lpr`sd. H) A pralatar s` nkrkfku âs p`ssads pr`s`gt`s ga trkhugdc. O) A pdk `gtr`fau âqu`c` dnvafdna d pravd `xkfknd p`ca jukz. N) Kr`k â lkgmd sdcd pdrd husodr a praj`ta n` oagsuctarkd.
0. Ndquk â l`kd mard, om`fdr`k d `stdæïa9 p`æd pdrd l` dfudrdfudrndr`l. D) _ïa oarr`tds dp`gds ds erds`s 4 ` >. H) _ïa oarr`tds dp`gds ds erds`s ? ` >. O) _ïa oarr`tds dp`gds ds erds`s 4, 8 ` ?. N) _ïa oarr`tds dp`gds ds erds`s 8, ? ` >. @) _ïa oarr`tds dp`gds ds erds`s 8, > ` 0.
28. Rr`e. n` Ktdqukgfd/R@ ‟ Dsskst`gt` Dnlkgkstrdva ‟ 8245 - KNM^@O @l qudc nas tr`omas dhdkxa a `lpr`fa na do`gta frdv` eak alkna qudgna mauv` aoarrêgokd n` ords`1 D) –A _kgnkodta nas L`travkärkas n` R`rgdlhuoa n`oknku susp`gn`r d pdrdcksdæïa qu` edrkd d pdrr nds 45m n`std qudrtdqudrtd-e`krd.“ H) –R`cd ldgmï, `l gatd, d odt`farkd kgearlau qu` oruzdrkd as hrdæas sÿ r`targdgna âs dvkndn`s garldks ds 0m n`std qukgtdqukgtd -e`krd.“ O) –G`std qudrtd-e`krd, âs 84m, doagt`o` a –ocässkoa nds lucluc nð`s“ `gtr` _part ` _dgtd Oruz, ga @stänka na Drrund.“ N) –Dpÿs d dl`dæd n` fr`v`, a skgnkodta eak praourdna p`cd OH^P ` p`cd RL qu` pral`t`rdl ul r`earæa ga `squ`ld n` s`s` furdgæd.“ @) –D odt`farkd s` qu`kxd n` odsas n` dfr`ssð`s, vdgndcksla ` n`pr`ndæð`s ` nd edctd n` s`furdgæd gds `stdæð`s.“
X@_RA_^D_ 24
N
28
H
2?
O`rta
2>
H
20
O
_KFGKEK ODÆÏA ND_ RDCDUXD_ RDCDUXD_ GA OAG^@]^A.
_KFGKEK ODÆÏA ND_ RDCDUXD_ RDCDUXD_ D _kfgkodæïa nds pdcdvrds ë `stundnd p`cd s`lègod, qu` `stund a s`gna nds pdcdvrds ` ds r`cdæð`s n` s`gna qu` ds pdcdvrdss `stdh`c`o`l `gtr` sk. pdcdvrd
2?. LR@/_O ‟ Rralatar n` Jusæd ‟ 8245 - LR@/_O @l r`cdæïa da `lpr`fa na skgdc n` ords`, `stïa oarr`tds ds erds`s: d) _ackokta d Uassd @xo`cêgokd a `xdl` na pr`s`gt` naoul`gta. h) D r`ndæïa na oagtrdta oalp`t` â Nkr`tarkd n` Arædl`gta ` Ekgdgæds. ( ) O`rta ( ) @rrdna
_kgþgklas ` dgtþgklas _kgþgklas: pdcdvrds n` s`gna kfudc au pdr`okna. _kgþgklas: @x.: g`o`ssärka, `ss`gokdc, eugndl`gtdc, ahrkfdtÿrka
2>. ^XE-?ª X`fkïa ‟ ^ëogkoa Junkokärka ‟ Kgearläod ‟ 8245 2>. - EOO A skgdc kgnkodva n` ords` `stä `lpr`fdna oarr`tdl`gt` `l: D) Gïa `rd uld e`ckokndn` `ueÿrkod, s`l`cmdvd-s` ldks â uld hrksd n` oagt`gtdl`gta. H) A vkgma o`rtdl`gt` l` kgnuzku âqu`cd súhktd vagtdn` n` dhrdædr uld ärvar` fkfdgt`. O) Dgt`s na l nd ldgmï, n`nkqu`k-l` â `sor`v`r tuna a qu` l` prapus`rd pdrd a nkd. N) D pdkg`krd sahr`vkv`rä d tands âs 4= lkcmð`s n` p`ssads qu` maj` vkv`l `l _ïa Rduca. @) Doma klpartdgt` `socdr`o`r qu` gïa sau de`kta â `ssd trdnktrdnk æïa n` s` dhrdædr ärvar`.
F`rdcl`gt` ë kgnke`r`gt` usdr ul skgþgkla au autra. A edta ckgfuìsoa n` `xksr`l skgþgklas omdld-s` skgagìlkd skgagìlkd,, pdpdcdvrd qu` tdlhël n`skfgd a `lpr`fa n` skgþgklas. Dgtþgklas: pdcdvrds n` s`gna apasta. Dgtþgklas: pdcdvrds @x.: n`nkodna: n`skgt`r`ssdna, n`skgt`r`ssdna, n`sdp`fdna, n`sdp`fdna, r`cdpsa. Ragtudc: dtrdsdna, r`tdrndna, krr`spagsäv`c. D dgtagìlkd dgtagìlkd pan` pan` s`r arkfkgdnd par ul pr`xa n` s`gna apasta au g`fdva. @x.: sklpäoa/dgpäoa, prafr`nkr/r`fr`prafr`nkr/r`fr`nkr, dva/kgdva, `sp`rdr/n`s`sp`rdr, sklëtrkoa/dssklëtrkoa. Malþgklas _` r`e`r` â odpdokndn` n` ds pdcdvrds s`r`l malþgklds (sal kfudc, `sorktd kfudc, skfgkodna nke`r`gt`), malÿeagds (sal kfudc, `sorktd nke`r`gt`, skfgkodna nke`r`gt`) au malÿfrdeds (sal nke`r`gt`, `sorktd kfudc, skfgkodna nke`r`gt`).
?2
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
A oagt`xta ë qu`l vdk n`t`rlkgdr d skfgkodæïa s kfgkodæïa nas malþmalþgklas. @cd pan` s`r odusd n` dlhkfukndn`, par kssa ë oagskn`rdoagskn`rdnd uld n`okêgokd nas knkalds.
Erutd ë mkp`rþgkla n` hdgdgd. Hdgdgd ë mkpþgkla n` erutd. TP@_^Ð@_
Malþgklas rka (oursa n` äfud) ` rka (v`rha rkr)9 odlkgma (kg`rärka) ` odlkgma (v`rha odlkgmdr).
48. Rr`e. n` Ktdqukgfd/R@ ‟ Rskoÿcafa ‟ 8245 - KNM^@O KNM^@O D `gtrdnd nas prkskag`kras eak oalav`nard (...) As oalhdoalhd t`gt`s oagt`lpcdvdl-gas `gtrkst`oknas. _urpr``gnkdl-s`9 oaoalavkdl-s`. A drrdkdc, kg `xtr`lks, pugmdcm`s dnkdgt`, gdqu`c` drlksoka trdgsktÿrka, uld c`fkïa n`sdrldnd, lucdnd edlkgtd ` ocdunkodgt`, gul dssdcta ldks nura qu` a nds trkgom`krds `l eafa. Oustdvd-cm`s dnlkr qu` tand dqu`cd f`gt` kgúc ` eräfkc sdìss` tïa gul`rasd dkgnd nas ods`hr`s halhdrn`dnas nurdgt` três l`s`s. Oagt`lpcdgna-cm`s as rastas hdæas, as drodhauæas `slkrrdnas ` sujas, oujas lacdlhas `l rds gïa `goahrkdl cdcdgmas, `sodrds ` `sodcdvras ‟ d vktÿrkd tïa cagfdl`gt` dp`t`ok nd n`odìd n` súhkta. X`pufgdvd dqu`c` trkugea. @gv`rfagmdvd. @rd, oal `e`kta, oagtrdpranuo`gt` oagtrdpranuo`gt` oalp`gsdæïa d tïa cuxuasas fdstas n` oalhdt`s, n` r`v`s`s ` n` lkcmdr`s n` vknds, a dpr`dpr` sdl`gta ndqu`cd odqu`krdnd muldgd ‟ na l`sla pdssa dgfudgfucm`gtd ` skgkstrd, `gtr` träfkod ` klugnd, pdssdgna-cm`s p`cas acmas, gul cagfa `gxurra n` odrodæds ` lacdlhas... G`l ul rasta vkrkc, g`l ul hrdæa odpdz n` susp`gn`r uld drld, g`l ul p`kta r`seac`fdgt` n` odlp`dnar naldna: lucm`r`s, s`l-gúl`ra n` lucm`r`s, v`cmds `sp`otrdks, laæds
Malÿeagas o`l (gúl`ra) ` s`l (kgnkod edctd) s`gsa (s`gna) ` o`gsa (c`vdgtdl`gta `stdsoa) `stdsoa) Malÿfrdeas oacm`r (tdcm`r) ` oacm`r (dpdgmdr)9 do`rta (oarr`æïa) ` do`rta (v`rha do`rtdr)9 Rdrþgklas _` r`e`r` d pdcdvrds qu` sïa `sorktds ` pragugokdnds n` earearld pdr`oknd, lds qu` dpr`s`gtdl skfgkodnas nke`r`gt`s. nke`r`gt`s. kgkfkr (dpckodr) (dpckodr) ` ` kgerkgfkr (trdgsfr`nkr) (trdgsfr`nkr),, s`n` (vagtdn` n` h`h`r) ` h`h`r) ` o`n` (v`rha o`n`r), o`n`r), n`e`rkr (oago`n`r, ndr n`e`rkl`gta) ` n`e`rkl`gta) ` nke`rkr (s`r nke`r`gt`, nkv`rfkr, dnkdr), dnkdr), rdodr (oagrldr) (oagrldr) ` ` r`odr r`odr (targdr r`ta, oarrkfkr), oarrkfkr), vuctasa (vaculasa, lukta frdgn`: sald vuctasd) ` vuctasd) ` vuctuasa (oagf`sagdna: rasta vuctuasa). vuctuasa). Rackss`lkd
`gv`cm`oknds, v`cmds ` laæds kgnksgtds gd l`sld e`dcndn`, `sodv`krdnds ` sujds, cmas `sodgomdnas gas qudnrks n`sgdcfdn`sgdcfdnas, cmas `godrdpktdnas âs oastds, cmas susp`gsas das p`ktas luromas, cmas drrdstdnas p`cas hrdæas, pdssdgna9 orkdgæds, s`l-gúl`ra n` orkdgæds9 v`cmas, s`l-gúl`ra n` v`cmas9 rdras mal`gs, `ge`rlas apkcdnas, edo`s túlknds ` lartds, n` o`rd, hustas nahrdnas, dgndr odlhdc`dgt`. (OPGMD, @uockn`s nd. As s`rtð`s: odlpdgmd n` Odgunas. @nkæïa @sp`okdc. Xka n` Jdg`kra: Erdgoksoa Dcv`s, 4;=2.)
Rackss`lkd kgnkod d odpdokndn` n` uld pdcdvrd dpr`s`gtdr uld lucpckokndn` n` skfgkodnas, oagearl` a oagt`xta `l qu` aoarr`. Pld pdcdvrd pan` t`r ldks n` uld skfgkodæïa. @x.: Ldgfu`krd: tuha Ldgfu`krd: tuha n` harrdomd au pcäsoa pdrd r`fdr ds pcdgpcdgtds au dpdfdr kgoêgnkas9 ärvar` erue`rd9 frdgn` ourrdc n` fdna. R`gd: pculd9 R`gd: pculd9 p`æd n` l`tdc pdrd `sor`v`r9 pugkæïa9 nÿ.
@l qudc nds dct`rgdvds dhdkxa GÏA mä ul pdr n` skgþgk las1 D) Drlksoka ‟ n`strukæïa H) Ocdunkodgt` ‟ ldgoa O) X`v`s`s ‟ kgeartúgkas N) E`dcndn` ‟ e`kurd @) Apkcdnas ‟ n`sgutrknas
N`gatdæïa ` oagatdæïa N`gatdæïa kgnkod d odpdokndn` n` ds pdcdvrds dpr`s`gtddpr`s`gtdr`l ul s`gna ckt`rdc (prÿprka) ` ahj`va. D oagatdæïa kgnkod d odpdokndn` n` ds pdcdvrds dpr`s`gtdr`l ul s`gna furdna furdna ` sklhÿckoa.
28. Rr`e. n` Oruz`kra/_R ‟ Kgstrutar n` N`s`gma ^ëogkoa ` L`oègkoa ‟ 8245 - Kgstuta @xo`cêgokd @xo`cêgokd Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` ds pdcdvrds pan`l s`rvkr n` `x`lpcass n` pdrþgklas: `x`lpca D) Odvdc`kra (Mal`l d odvdca) ‟ Odvdcm`kra (Mal`l f`gc). H) _ïa (sdnka) ‟ _ïa _ ïa (Earld r`nuzknd n` _dgta). O) Do`gta (skgdc fräoa) ‟ Dss`gta (sup`rok` agn` s` s`gtd). N) G`gmuld nds dct`rgdvds.
@x`lpcas oal s`gna n`gatdva: Ds äfuds pkgfdvdl äfuds pkgfdvdl nd nd targ`krd, (s`gna prÿprka). Ds mards kdl pkgfdgna kdl pkgfdgna c`gtdl`gt`, c`gtdl`gt`, (s`gna furdna). @x`lpcas oal s`gna oagatdva: Oalpr`k uld oarr`ggmd n` aura. Eucdga gdndvd `l aura aura..
2?. ^J/L^ ‟ Dgdckstd Junkokärka ‟ Okêgokds Oagtäh`ks ‟ 8246 - PEL^ PEL^ Gd cìgfud partufu`sd, mä luktds pdcdvrds pdr`oknds, s`jd ga lana n` edcdr au ga n` `sor`v`r. D pdcdvrd s`ssïa, par `x`lpca, dss`l`cmd-s` âs pdcdvrds o`ssïa ` s`æïa, lds odnd uld dpr`dpr` s`gtd s`gna nke`r`gt`. @ss` odsa, l`sla sal, frdds nke`r`gnke`r`gt`s, n`galkgd-s` malþgkla malÿeaga. Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd
Mkp`ragìlkd ` mkpagìlkd Mkp`ragìlkd ` d mkpagìlkd kgnkodl d odpdokndn` nds pdcdvrds `stdh`c`o`r`l r`cdæð`s mk`rärqukods n` skfgkodna. Pl mkp`rþgkmkp`rþgk la, pdcdvrd sup`rkar oal ul s`gna ldks dhrdgf`gt`, `gfcahd ul mkpþgkla, pdcdvrd kge`rkar oal s`gna ldks r`strkta.
`l qu` tands ds pdcdvrds s` `goagtrdl g`ss` odsa.
?4
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
D) tdxd, o`std, dss`gta H) oags`rta, pc`kta, ÿoa O) om`qu`, n`sorkæïa, ldgfd N) s`rrdr, rdodr, `l`rfkr
Tu` a fdvkïa ldt` d palhd ` a mal`l ldt` dc`fr`l`gt` a fdvkïa9 da mal`l, s` gïa mauv`r autra hkoma qu` a ldt`, pan` cm` suo`n`r qu` `c` `goagtr` s`u fdvkïa fdvkïa `l `l autra mal`l. (Xuh`l Hrdfd. Dk Hrdfd. Dk n` , Oapdodhdgd, Oapdodhdgd, 4;;;. Dndptdna)
2>. ^J/L^ ‟ Dgdckstd Junkokärka ‟ Nkr`kta ‟ 8246 - PEL^ 2>.
A t`rla fdvkïa fdvkïa,, n`stdodna `l sud úcld aoarrêgokd ga t`xta ‟ … pan` cm` suo`n`r qu` `c` `goagtr` s`u fdvkïa fdvkïa `l `l au-
D eufd nas rkgao`ragt`s @spëok` dl`dædnd n` `xgæïa `sodpd nas odædnar`s nd ldg`krd ldks rdnkodc passìv`c ‟ p`ca oëu.
tra mal`l. ‟, ë`qukvdc`gna `lpr`fdna doal s`gna D) prÿprka, kgspkrdæïa. H) prÿprka, `qukvdc`gna d oagqukstdnar . O) furdna, `qukvdc`gna d dv` n` rdpkgd. rdpkgd. N) furdna, `qukvdc`gna d dckl`gta dckl`gta.. @) furdna, `qukvdc`gna d pr`ndnar d pr`ndnar .
As rkgao`ragt`s-g`fras `stïa `gtr` as hkomas ldks vksdnas nd Äerkod, paks sud `spëok` ë uld nds pr`e`rknds p`ca turksla n` odæd. Rdrd t`gtdr sdcvdr dcfugs nas >.022 `spëokl`s qu` dkgnd r`stdl gd gdtur`zd, nuds AGF dlhk`gtdks dp`cdrdl pdrd uld sacuæïa `xtr`ld: trdgspartdr as rkgao`ragt`s n` m`ckoÿpt`ra. D dæïa uckzau m`ckoÿpt`ras lkcktdr`s pdrd r`lav`r 4; `spëokl`s ‟ oal 4,> tag`cdnds odnd ul ‟ n` s`u mdhktdt arkfkgdc, gd prapravìgokd n` Odha Ark`gtdc, ga sun`st` nd Äerkod na _uc, ` trdgse` rk-cas pdrd d pravìgokd n` Cdlpapa, ga gart` na pdìs, d 4.022 qukcþl`tras n` nkstègokd, agn` vkv`rïa cagf` nas odædnar`s. Oala a trdj`ta t`l är`ds kgdo`ssìv`ks n` odrra, as rkgao`ragt`s v`rdl n` vadr par 8> qukcþl`tras. _`ndnas ` n` acmas v`gndv`gndnas (pdrd `vktdr sustas odsa doarndss`l), as rkgao`ragt`s eardl kædnas p`cas targaz`cas ` vadrdl `gtr` 42 ` 82 lkgutas. Rdr`o` l`ka hrutdc1 As r`spagsäv`ks p`cd ap`rdæïa nkz`l qu`, dcël dcël n` ldks `ok`gt` pdrd c`vdr as pdqukn`rl`s d caodks n` nkokc do`ssa, a prao`nkl`gta ë ldks f`gc. (HDNÞ, E. D eufd nas rkgao`ragt`s. _up`rkgt`r`ssdgt`, gº 88;, 8244.)
25. Rr`e. Rr`e. n` Ecarkdgÿpacks/_O ‟ Duxkckdr n` _dcd ‟ 8246 - E@E@R@_@ A t`rla (au `xpr`ssïa) `l n`stdqu`, qu` `stä `lpr`fdna `l s`u s`gna prÿprka, n`gatdva, aoarr` `l: D) @stau lartd n` odgsdnd. odgsdnd. H) Dqu`cd lucm`r edcd ldc n` tanas gd vkzkgmdgæd! Ë uld oahrd oahrd.. O) ^ana oukndna ë pauoa. Ds pdr`n`s têl auvknas . N) X`ocusd n`sn` qu` s`u odomarrkgma larr`u larr`u,, Ekcal`gd gdcl`gt` sdku n` odsd agt`l. @) Lkgmd dlkfd ë tïa dfktdnd! D hdt`rkd n`cd gugod dodhd! X@_RA_^D_
D pdcdvrd rdnkodc pan` s`r `lpr`fdnd oal värkds do`pæð`s, par kssa n`galkgd-s` packssêlkod. Dsskgdc` a s`gna nkokagdrknkokagdrkzdna qu` ë ldks dn`qudna ga oagt`xta dokld. D) Tu` `xkst` kgtrkgs`odl`gt` gul kgnkvìnua au oaksd. H) Hrusoa9 vkac`gta9 nkokc. O) Tu` gïa ë trdnkokagdc, oalul au usudc. N) Tu` `xkf` n`str`zd, p`rìokd au oardf`l.
24
D
28
D
2?
D
2>
O
20
@
25
N
P_A NA MÌE@G.
20. PG@_R ‟ Dsskst`gt` Dnlkgkstrdva K ‟ 245 - UPUP G@_R/8245 G@_R/8245 A mìe`g ë ul skgdc nkdorìoa (qu` nksgfu`) pdrd ckfdr) as `c`l`gtas n` pdcdvrds oalpastds (oauv`-ar,usdna (oauv`-ar, `x-pr`skn`gt` `x-pr`skn`gt`) ` pdrd ugkr pragal`s ätagas d v`rhas (ae`r`o`rdl-l ( ae`r`o`rdl-l`9 `9 vê-ca-`k ). ). _`rv` kfudcl`gt` pdrd edz`r d trdgsckg`dæïa n` pdcdvrds, ksta ë, ga l n` uld ckgmd, s`pdrdr uld pdcdvrd `l nuds pdrt`s (od-/sd9 oalpd-/gm`kra). oalpd-/gm`kra).
A fdvkïa F`gt` acmdgna pdrd a oëu: gïa ë ldks nksoa vadnar. Nksoa vadnar p`rn`u a odrtdz oal tdgta sdtëckt` h`krdgna a sac ` d cud. Acmdlas tanas pdrd a oëu `l husod n` dcfa ldks s`gsdokagdc ` oalav`gt` ‟ a fdvkïa ldcvdna, qu` ldtd palhds. A o`gtra nd okndn` na Xka n` Jdg`kra r`targd dsskl â oagoag t`lpcdæïa n` ul nrdld h`l dgfa, ` mä a pdrna nds palhds ` a pdrna na fdvkïa. As palhkstds au palh`kras (qudcqu`r pdcdvrd ë l`cmar qu` –oaculhÿca“) qu`r`l ldtdr a fdvkïa. As dlkfas n`st` nkz`l qu` `c` gïa ë ldcvdna tdc9 gd v`rndn` oal` d sud palhkgmd oal d l`sld kgaoêgokd oal qu` d pal pal-hd oal` s`u frïa n` lkcma. Gïa taldr`k pdrna9 dnlkra d túrfknd kgaoêgokd nds palpalhds ` tdlhël a cdgo` ldfgìoa `l qu` a fdvkïa s` n`sp`god sahr` uld n`cds. Oal`r palhds ë, oala nkrkd _dkgt-@x _dkgt-@xupëry upëry,, –d v`rndn` na fdvkïa“, lds ldtdr ul fdvkïa ga dr oal ul h`ca ra pan` tdlhël s`r d v`rndn` na odædnar.
Psa na mìe`g qu` oaggud n`paks nd X`earld Artafräod:
4. @l pdcdvrds oalpastds par justdpaskæïa qu` earldl uld ugkndn` s`lègod, au s`jd, gas t`rlas qu` s` ug`l pdrd earldl ul gava skfgkodna: a-dvþ, parta-dc`fr`gs`, cusa-hrdcusa-hrdskc`kra, t`g`gt`-oarag`c, s`fugnd-e`krd, oagtd-fatds, fudrnd-omuvd, droa- -ìrks, prkl`kra-lkgks prkl`kra-lkgkstra, tra, dzuc-`soura. 8. @l pdcdvrds oalpastds par `spëok`s hatègkods ` zaacÿfkzaacÿfkods: oauv`-ar oauv`-ar,, h`l-t`-vk, h`l-l`-qu`r, h`l-l`-qu`r, dhÿhard-l`gkgd, `rvd`rvd-nao`, e`kjïa-v`rn`.
?8
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
?. Gas oalpastas oal `c`l`gtas dcël, dquël, r`oël ` s`l: dcël-ldr, r`oël-gdsokna, s`l-gúl`ra, r`oël-odsdna, dquël- -dr , `to.
0. @l o`rtds pdcdvrds qu`, oal a usa, dnqukrkrdl gaæïa n` oalpaskæïa: pagtdpë, fkrdssac, pdrdqu`nds, pdrdqu`nkstd oalpaskæïa: pagtdpë, pdrdqu`nkstd,, `to. 5. @l dcfugs oalpastas oal a dnvërhka –h`l“: h`ge`kta, h`gqu`r`r, h`gqu`rkna, `to. h`gqu`rkna, `to.
>. Ga f`rdc, ds caouæð`s gïa passu`l mìe`g, lds dcfulds `xo`æð`s oaggudl par jä `stdr`l oagsdfrdnds p`ca usa: oar-n`-rasd, droa-nd-v`cmd, ldks-qu`-p`re`kta, pë-n`-l`kd, äfud-
Tu`stð`s sahr` Mìe`g
-n`-
-oacþgkd, qu`kld-raupd, n`us-ndrä. 0. Gas `godn`dl`gtas n` vaoähucas, oala: pagt oala: pagt`` Xka-Gk Xka-Gkt`r t`rÿk, ÿk, p`rours p`r oursa a Cksh Ckshad-O ad-Oakl aklhrdhrd-Rar Rarta ta ` gds oalhkgdæð`s mkstÿrkods au aodskagdks: Äus aodskagdks: Äustrkd trkd-Mug -Mugfrkd frkd,, Dgfacd Dgfacd-Hrd -Hrdskc, skc, Dcsä Dcsäokdokd-Car` Car`gd gd,, `to.
24.Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` a mìe`g, oagearl` a gava Doarna, `stä s`gna usdna oarr`tdl`gt`: D) @c` e`z sud duta-orìod agt`l. H) @cd ë lukta ldc-`nuodnd. O) @c` talau ul h`ca pagtd-pë. N) Euk da sup`r-l`rodna, lds gïa `gtr`k. @) As rdkas kgerd-v`rl`cmas djundl `l c`sð`s.
5. Gds earldæð`s oal as pr`xas mkp`r-, kgt`r- ` sup`rqudgna dssaokdnas oal autra t`rla qu` ë kgkokdna par r: mkp`r-r`skst`gt`,, kgt`r-rdokdc, sup`r-rdokagdc, `to. -r`skst`gt` sup`r-rdokagdc, `to.
28.Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `rrdnd qudgta da `lpr`fa na mìe`g: D) R`ca kgt`reag` `c` oalugkoau h`l-mulardna qu` edrkd uld sup`rdckl`gt sup`rdckl`gtdæïa. dæïa. H) Gds okrougvkzk okrougvkzkgmdgæds gmdgæds mä uld odsd ldcdssalhrdnd. O) N`paks n` oal`r d sahr`oax sahr`oaxd, d, talau ul dgäokna. N) Gassas dgt`pdssdnas r`dckzdrdl r`dckzdrdl värkas dgt`praj`tas. @) A dutankndtd e`z uld dutadgäcks`.
6. Gds earldæð`s oal as pr`xas `x-, vko`-: `x-nkr`tar, `x-pr`skn`gt`, vko`-fav`rgdnar, vko`-pr`e`kt vko`-pr`e`kta. a. =. Gds earldæð`s oal as pr`xas pÿs-, prë- ` prÿ-: prë-gdprÿ-: prë-gdtdc, prë-`soacdr, prÿ-`urap`u, pÿs-frdnudæïa, `to. ;. Gd êgocks` ` l`sÿocks`: dlä-ca, n`kxä-ca, nä-s`, dhrdæd-a, cdgæd-a ` dlä-ca-`k, edcdr-cm`-`k, `to. 42. Gds earldæð`s `l qu` a pr`xa t`l oala s`fugna t`rt`rla uld pdcdvrd kgkokdnd par –m“: suh-m`päoa, `c`tra-mkfrÿl``c`tra-mkfrÿl`tra, f`a-mkstÿrkd, g`a-m`cêgkoa, `xtrd-muldga, s`lk-maspktdcdr, sup`r- -mal`l.
2?.Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd kgoarr`td qudgta da `lpr`fa na mìe`g, r`sp`ktdgna-s` a gava Doarna. D) A s`lk-dgdcedh`ta n`s`gmau ul s`lkoìrouca. H) A l`kd-nkr`ktd e`z ul fac n` s`l-puca gd s`lkgdc na odlp`agdta. O) @rd ul s`l-v`rfagmd, paks dgndvd s`lkgu. N) A r`oël-om`fdna v`ka n` dcël-ldr. @) A vko`-r`ktar `stä `l `stdna pÿs-ap`rdtÿrka.
44. Gds earldæð`s `l qu` a pr`xa au ps`una pr`xa t`rt`rlkgd gd l`sld vafdc na s`fugna `c`l`gta: lkora-agnds, `c`tra-ÿod, s`lk-kgt`rga, duta-ahs`rvdæïa, `to. duta-ahs`rvdæïa, `to. Ahs:: A mìe`g ë suprklkna qudgna pdrd earldr autras t`rAhs t`r las: r`dv`r r`dv`r,, kgähkc, n`suldga, cahksal`l, r`dhkcktdr .
2>._`fugna a gava Doarna, `gtr` ds pdcdvrds pïa nura (dvd(dvdr`gta), oapa n` c`kt` (pcdgtd) ` pë n` lac`qu` (nao`) a mìe`g ë ahrkfdtÿrka: D) `l g`gmuld n`cds. H) gd s`fugnd pdcdvrd. O) gd t`ro`krd pdcdvrd. N) `l tands ds pdcdvrds. @) gd prkl`krd ` gd s`fugnd pdcdvrd pdcdvrd..
- C`lhr`-s`: da s`pdrdr s `pdrdr pdcdvrds gd trdgsckg`dæïa (lundgæd n` ckgmd), odsa d úcld pdcdvrd d s`r `sorktd s`jd earldnd par mìe`g, r`pktd-a gd prÿxkld ckgmd. @x`lpca: `sor`v`r`k dg-kgd dg-kgd-ldtÿrka `, ldtÿrka `, da gdc, oauh` dp`gds –dg-“. Gd ckgmd n`hdkxa `sor``sor`v`r`k: –-kgdldtÿrka“ (mìe`g `l dlhds ds ckgmds). Gïa s` `lpr`fd a mìe`g :
20.E`z ul `searæa QQ pdrd v`go`r a odlp`agdta QQ. Tudc dct`rgdvd oalpc`td oarr`tdl`gt` ds cdougds1 D) sahr`uldga/kgt`rr`f sahr`uldga/kgt`rr`fkagdc kagdc H) sahr`muldga-kgt`rr sahr`muldga-kgt`rr`fkagdc `fkagdc O) sahr`-muldga / kgt`r-r`f kgt`r-r`fkagdc kagdc N) sahr`muldga/ kgt`r-r`fkag kgt`r-r`fkagdc dc @) sahr`-muldga /kgt`r`fkagdc
4. Gds earldæð`s `l qu` a pr`xa au edcsa pr`xa t`rlkgd `l vafdc ` a s`fugna t`rla kgkokd-s` `l –r“ au –s“. –s“. G`ss` odsa, pdssd-s` d nupckodr `stds oagsadgt`s: dgrr`ckfkasa, oagtrdrr`oagtrdrr`frd, kgerdssal, lkorasskst`ld, lkgkssdkd, lkorarrdnkafrdd, lkorarrdnkafrdd, `to. 8. Gds oagstukæð`s `l qu` a pr`xa au ps`unapr`xa t`rt`rlkgd `l vafdc ` a s`fugna t`rla kgkokd-s` oal vafdc nke`r`gt`: dgdër`a, `xtrd`soacdr, `xtrd`soacdr, oa`nuodæïa, duta`strdnd, dutadpr`gnk zdf`l, mknra`cëtrkoa, pcurkdgudc, duta`soacd, kgerd`struturd, `to. kgerd`struturd, `to.
25. _upagmd qu` vaoê t`gmd qu` dfr`fdr a pr`xa suh- âs pdcdvrds qu` dpdr`o`l gds dct`rgdvds d s`fukr. Dsskgdc` dqu`cd qu` t`l n` s`r `sorktd oal mìe`g: D) (suh) om`e` H) (suh) `gt`gn`r O) (suh) saca N) (suh) r`poka @) (suh) cklkgdr
?. Gds earldæð`s, `l f`rdc, qu` oagtêl as pr`xas –nês“ ` –kg“ ` a s`fugna `c`l`gta p`rn`u a m kgkokdc: n`suldga, kgähkc, n`sdhkcktdr, `to. n`sdhkcktdr, `to. >. Gds earldæð`s oal a pr`xa –oa“, l`sla qudgna a s`s` fugna `c`l`gta oal`ædr oal –a“: oaap`rdæïa, oaahrkfdæïa, oaarn`gdr, oaaoupdgt`, oadutar, oa`nkæïa, oa`xksr, `to. oa`xksr, `to.
??
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
26.Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` tands ds pdcdvrds `stïa frdednds oarr`tdl`gt`: D) dutaorìod, oagtrdl`s oagtrdl`str`, tr`, `xtrd-aokdc H) kgerd-dsskgdna kgerd-dsskgdna,, kgerd-v`rl`c kgerd-v`rl`cma, ma, kgerd-sal O) s`lk-oìrouca, s`lk-muldga, s`lk-kgt`rgdta N) sup`rvknd, sup`r`c`fdgt`, sup`rland @) sahr`-sdkd, lkgk-sdkd, sup`rssdkd
0-) E`z ul `searæa sahr`-muldga pdrd v`go`r a odlp`agdodlp`agdta kgt`r-r`fka kgt`r-r`fkagdc. gdc. - Psd-s` a mìe`g nkdgt` nkdgt` n` pdcdvrd kgkokdnd kgkokdnd par m. - Psd-s` a mìe`g s` a pr`xa t`rlkgdr oal d l`sld c`trd oal qu` s` kgkokd d autrd pdcdvrd 5-) Oal as pr`xas suh ` sah, usd-s` a mìe`g tdlhël nkdgt` n` pdcdvrd kgkokdnd par dtë r. : suhom`e`, suh`gt`gn`r, suhsaca, suh-/ -r`poka (s`l a mìe`g d c`kturd nd pdcdvrd s`rä dct`rdnd9 suhr`/, da kgvës n` /suh r`/), suhcklkgdr
2=.Dsskgdc` a kt`l `l qu` a usa na mìe`g `stä kgoarr`ta. D) kgerd`struturd / sup`r-mal`l / duta`nuodæïa H) h`l-vkgna / dgt`ssdcd /oagtrd-r`frd /oagtrd-r`frd O) oagtrdl`str` / kgerdv`rl kgerdv`rl`cma `cma / duta`soacd N) g`a`soacäsoa / uctrdssal / ps`una-m`rÿk @) `xtrdaokdc / kgerd-m`päoa /s`lkrr`td /s`lkrr`td
6-) D) dutaorìod, oagtrdl`s oagtrdl`str`, tr`, `xtrdaokd `xtrdaokdcc H) kgerd-dsskgdna, kgerdv`rl`cma, kgerdssal O) s`lkoìrouca, s`lk-muldga, s`lk-kgt`rgdta N) sup`rvknd, sup`r`c`fdgt`, sup`r`c`fdgt`, sup`rland < oarr`tds @) sahr`ssdkd, lkgkssdkd, sup`rsdkd
2;.Pld nds dct`rgdvds dhdkxa dpr`s`gtd kgoarr`æïa qudgqudgta da `lpr`fa na mìe`g. D) A ps`una-m`rlderanktd gïa gmd kgerd`struturd pdrd r`r`cdokagdl`gta `xtrdoagjufdc. H) @rd `xtrdaokdc d gaokd nd vkgnd n` ul `xtrdt`rr` `xtrdt`rr`ga. ga. O) @c` `stunau cìgfuds g`acdgds gds oacþgkds uctrdldrkgds. N) A dg-s`lktd talau ul dg-hkÿoa ` vdokgd dgrrähkod. @) @rd ul suhaokdc n` uld sup`rpatêgokd.
=-) H) h`l-vkgna / dgt`ssdcd / oagtrdrr`frd ;-) N) A dgss`lktd talau ul dghkÿoa ` vdokgd dgrrähkod. 42-) O) A oagtrdrr`frd oal`u ul oagtrdcë.
42.Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` aoarr` `rra qudgta da `l`lpr`fa na mìe`g. D) Eak kgkokdnd d odlpdgmd prÿ-c`kt`. H) A `x-dcuga e`z d sud dutan`e`sd. O) A oagtrdrr`frd oal`u ul oagtrd-cë. N) _ud vknd ë ul v`rndn`kra oagtrdss`gsa. oagtrdss`gsa. @) A l`kd-nkr`ktd n`u kgìoka da oagtrd-dtdqu`.
^@_^@_ @ X@_RA_^D_
4-) D) dutaorìod
4. LDRD LDRD DPNK^AX EK _ODC E @N@XDC DFXAR@OPÄXKA LËNKOA LËNK OA U@ ^@X ^@XKGÄ KGÄXK XKA A _PR@ XKA XKAX X @_DE 8246 Dsskgdc` d apæïa qu` dpr`s`gtd n`svka n` frdd nd pdcdvrd. D doupugturd ë uld t`rdpkd nd l`nkokgd trdnkokagdc omkg`sd omkg`sd qu` edvar`o` d r`fucdrkzdæïa nas prao`ssas skacÿfkoas na oarpa, ga s`gna n` pralav`r au r`oup`rdr a `stdna gdturdc n` sdún` ` `qukcìhrka. Ran` s`r usdnd pr`v`gvdl`gt` (4) pdrd `vktdr a n`s`gvacvkl`gta n` na`gæds, oala t`rdpkd ourdvd ga odsa n` d na`gæd `stdr kgstdcdnd au oala lëtana pdckdva (8) `l odod sas n` na`gæds orþgkods n` nkokc trdtdl`gta. ^`l tdlhël tdlhël uld dæïa klpartdgt` gd l`nkokgd r`j`g`rdvd (?) ` gd r`dhkcktdæïa. A trdtdl`gta n` doupugturd oagskst` gd kgtranuæïa n` dfucmds ckearl`s ga oarpa nas dgkldks. @l f`rdc sïa n`kxdnds n`kxdnds o`rod n`
O) pagtdpë N) sup`rl`rodna @) kgerdv kgerdv`rl`cmas `rl`cmas 8-)H) Gds okrougvkzkgmdgæds mä uld odsd ldc-dssalhrdnd.
40 d 82 lkgutas. D oacaodæïa nds dfucmds gïa ë nacarasd pdrd as dgkldks ` ë passìv`c ahs`rvdr nurdgt` as trdtdl`gtas nke`r`gt`s nke`r`gt`s r`dæð`s skacÿfkods (>), kgnkodnards n` qu` a trdtdl`gta `stä dgfkgna a `e`kta t`rdpêuoa (0) n`s`jdna.
FDHDXK^A 24. H 28. H 24. H 28. H 2?. D 2?. D 2>. @ 2>. @ 20. 20. O O 25. N 25. N 26. 26. N N 2=. 2=. H H 2;. 2;. N N 42. 42. O O X@_ACPÆÏA
Nkspagìv`c: 3mp://www.v`t`rkgdrkdmacksod.g`t/doupugturd-tat`rdpkd3mp://www.v`t`rkgdrkdmacksod.g`t/doupugturd-tat`rdpkd-`-mal`apdd.mtlc/7. Do`ssa `l 8=/44/8246. (Oal dndptdæð`s)
?-) D) A s`lkdgdcedh` s`lkdgdcedh`ta ta n`s`gmau ul s`lkoìrouca. >-) d) pïa-nura / h) oapa-n`-c`kt` (pcdgtd) / o) pë n` lac`qu` (nao`) d) Psd-s` a mìe`g gds pdcdvrds oalpastds qu` gïa dpr`s`gdpr`s`gtdl `c`l`gtas n` ckfdæïa. h) Psd-s` a mìe`g gas oalpastas qu` n`skfgdl `spëok`s dgkldks ` hatègkods (gal`s n` pcdgtds, ar`s, erutas, rdìz`s, s`s`l`gt`s), t`gmdl au gïa `c`l`gtas n` ckfdæïa. o) Gïa s` usd a mìe`g `l oalpastas qu` dpr`s`gtdl `c``c`l`gtas n` ckfdæïa.
d) (4) h) (8) o) (?) n) (>) `) (0) 8. ^X^ 84. 84. X@FKÏAXG ^ËOGKOA JPNKOKÄXK A ÄX@D DNLKGK_^XD^KUD LËNKA EOO 8246 X`sp`ktdgna-s` ds garlds n` r`ndæïa na Ldgudc nd Rr`sknêgokd nd X`púhckod, d erds` oarr`td ë:
?>
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
d) _ackokta d Uassd _`gmarkd qu` v`rkqu` d passkhkckndn` n` klpc`l`gtdæïa n` praj`ta n` tr`kgdl`gta n` p`ssadc pdrd ap`rdr as gavas `qukpdl`gtas fräoas d s`r`l kgstdcdnas `l s`u s`tar. h) U`gma p`rfugtdr-cm`, par l`ka n`std, sahr` d ndtd `l qu` Uassd @xo`cêgokd pr`t`gn` gal`dr vassa r`pr`s`gtdgt r`pr`s`gtdgt`` gd Oalkssïa Arfdgkz Arfdgkzdnard. dnard.
5. ^JR ^JRD D LËNKOA R_KTPKD^XD _PR@XK AX UPG@_R 824>
o) ,Nkfgìsskla _`gmar: a`u v`gma par `ss`a oalugkodna, kg earldr earldr, qu` s`rä s `rä arfdgkzdna arfdgkzdn s`lkgärka, sahr` usa `ok`gt` kgn`r`oursas mìnrkoas, `l ndtd dkgnd d s`r n`gknd. n) Mdjd vksta qu` a praj`ta dg`xa oagtrkhu` pdrd a n`s`gn`s`g vacvkl`gta na s`tar `l qu`stïa, kgearldlas, par l`ka n`st` Aoka, qu` s`rä dlpcdl`gt` dgdcksdna par `sp`okdckstds. `) G`st` lal`gta, oagearl` sackoktdæïa `gvkdnd â Uassd _`gmarkd dg`xa, gïa s` n`v` dnatdr l`nknds qu` passdl oalpral`t`r vassd r`dckzdæïa na praj`ta l`gokagdna.
Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd qu` oalpc`td, oarr`td ` r`sp`ovdr`sp`ovdl`gt`, ds cdougds, n` doarna oal d garld-pdnrïa nd cìgfud partufu`sd, oagskn`rdgna qu` a t`rla qu` pr``gom` d t`ro`krd cdougd ë `lpr`fdna pdrd kgnkodr qu` ul `v`gta `stä pr`st`s d doagt`o`r
?. ^X@L_ @_^ÄFKA JAXGDCK_LA ^X@L_ 824> Dgdcks` ds dss`rvds dhdkxa:
d) dgúgoka ... D ... Klkg`gt`. h) dgugoka ... Â ... Klkg`gt`. o) dgúgoka ... Â ... Klkg`gt`. n) dgúgoka ... D ... @lkg`gt`. `) dgugoka ... Â ... @lkg`gt`.
K. A cdnrïa `rd n` l`gar. KK. Gïa mä r`frd s`l `xo`æ `xo`æïa. ïa. KKK. Ë ldks sdunäv`c usdr l`gds raupd ga odcar. KU. A packokdc eak â n`c`fdokd `l oalpdgkd na l`ckdgt`. U. @gtr` `u ` vaoê gïa `xkst` ldks gdnd. D apæïa qu` dpr`s`gtd vìokas n` ckgfudf`l ë:
6. O@E@^XJ X@UK_AX N@ ^@]^A_ O@_FXDGXKA 824> Ahs`rv` d frdd nds pdcdvrds na tr`oma d s`fukr. D ldora-mkstÿrkd nd muldgkndn` lastrd qu` tanas `godrdl as r`cdtas p`ssadks oala uld earld n` s` ldgt`r`l vkvas. N`sn` d kndn` na nalìgka na eafa dtë d `rd nds lucoalugkod lucoalugkod-æð`s, as mal`gs t`l n`lagstrdna qu` qu`r`l pþr sud ldrod ga lugna parqu` s` s`gt`l sup`rkar`s. sup`rkar`s. D pdcdvrd qu` GÏA `stä frdednd oarr`tdl`gt` ë
d) K ` KKK. h) K, KK ` KU. o) KK ` KU. n) K, KKK, KU ` U. `) KKK, KU ` U. >. ^X@L_ @_^ÄFKA JAXGDCK_LA ^X@L_ 824> N` doarna oal d gavd artafrdd, dsskgdc` a kt`l `l qu` tands ds pdcdvrds `stïa oarr`tds: d) dutadjund ‟ dg-kgdldtÿrk dg-kgdldtÿrka a ‟ `xtrdjunkok `xtrdjunkokdc. dc. h) suprdoktdna ‟ s`lk-gava ‟ t`c`ss`rvkæa. o) uctrdssasodna ‟ mknra-`cëtrkod ‟ uctrd-sal. n) oagtrdrr`frd ‟ dutapkstd ‟ s`lk-dh`rta. `) oagtrdrrdzïa ‟ kgerd-`struturd ‟ oapranutar.
d) ldora-mkstÿrkd. h) lucoalugkodæ lucoalugkodæð`s. ð`s. o) t`l. n) pþr. `) parqu`. =. CKTPKFÄ_ RXAEK__K AGDC JÚGKAX OKÊGOKD_ G^ÄH@K_ O@FXDGXKA 824> A frupa `l qu` tands dsOA pdcd pdcdvrds `stïa frdednds n` doarna oal d garld-pdnrïa nd Cìgfud Rartufu`sd ë d) farj`td, af`rkzd, cajkstd, e`rruj`l h) p`näfka, uctrdf`, pdf`l, pdf`l, dgfkgd o) r`eújka, dfkatd, rkfkn`z, rdhuj`gta n) vkfêgokd, j`gkpdpa, euckf`l, odedj`st` `) sdrf`td, j`gfkvd, jkcÿ, cdlhuj`l
0. ^X@L_ @_^ÄFKA JAXGDCK_LA ^X@L_ 824> A usa oarr`ta na parquê na parquê `stä gd apæïa: d) Rar quê a mal`l n`strÿk d gdtur`zd1 h) @cd omarau par qu` d mulkcmdrdl. o) Uaoê oaggud klpckodgna oalkfa parqu` sau pahr`1 n) Gkgfuël sdh` a par quê ndqu`c` f`sta. `) @cd l` e`z kssa, parquê1
;. _KLD@ DF@G^@ DNLKGK_^ XD^KUA D__OAGRR 824> Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd qu` dpr`s`gtd dp`gds pdcdvrds `s`s orktds n` earld kgoarr`td. d) Or`lasa, oardf`l, odedj`st`, r`dckzdr9 h) Odkxat`, `gom`r, dgäcks`, pa`sd9 o) ^rdj`, tdgf`r, partufu`sd, sdo`rnasd9 n) Rdf`l, lujkr, vdknaza, `gom`rfdr9
?0
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
42. X@O@K^D E@N@XDC DPNK^AX EK_ODC @_DE 824> Dsskgdc` d apæïa qu` oarr`spagn` d `rra frdldodc au n` frdd n` pdcdvrd kgs`rkna gd trdgsorkæïa na t`xta.
o) Uassd @xo`cêgokd c`u a naoul`gta qu` s`rä s `rä dpr`s`gtdna `l r`n` gdokagdc ndquk d pauoa, p`cd vaz n` _ud @xo`cêgokd, a _`gmar Lkgkstra nd @nuodæï @nuodæïa1 a1 n) D r`partdf`l sahr` edsoìgards edlasas gïa eak gdnd papaskvd pdrd a púhckoa jav`l qu` `stdvd pr`s`gt`, n` qu` s` n`sn`soucpdrdl as kn`dckzdnar`s na prafrdld. `) @stundgt`s ` prae`ssar`s sïa `gtuskdstds n` ae`r`o`r das
D X`o`ktd E`n`rdc g`l s`lpr` t`v` `ss` (4) gal`. _`or`tdrkd nd X`o`ktd E`n`rdc ë dp`gds d ldks r`o`gt` n`galkgdæïa nd Dnlkgkstrdæïa ^rkhutärkd Hrdskc`krd g`st`s okgoa sëoucas n` `xkstêgokd. _ud orkdæïa targau-s` (8) g`o`ssärkd pdrd lan`rgkzdr `xkstêgokd. d läqukgd drr`odndnard ` sodckzdnard, h`l oala pdrd pralapralav`r uld ldkar kgt`frdæïa `gtr` a Eksoa ` as Oagtrkhukgt`s, edokcktdgna a oulprkl`gta `xpagtèg`a (?) nds ahrkfdæð`s trkhutärkds ` d sacuæïa nas `v`gtudks prahc`lds, h`l oala a do`ssa âs (>) kgearldæð`s p`ssadks prkvdvds n` kgt`r`ss` n` odnd okndnïa. A surfkl`gta nd _`or`tdrkd nd X`o`ktd E`n`rdc r`pr`s`gtau ul skfgkodva dvdgæa gd edokcktdæïa na oulprkl`gta nds ahrkfdahrkfdæð`s trkhutärkds, oagtrkhukgna pdrd a dul`gta nd drr`odndæïa d pdrr (0) na gdc nas dgas 52.
jav`gs kgfr`ssdgt`s ga oursa a oalpdrcmdl`gt oalpdrcmdl`gta a n` praj`tas, oal qu` s`rïa tdlhël dutar`s. 4?. ^X@L_ @_^ÄFKA JAXGD CK_L A ^X@L_ 824> D do`gtudæïa oarr`td `stä gd dct`rgdvd: d) `u dh`gæþa ‟ `c`s orê`l ‟ `c` drfúk. h) pcdtëkd ‟ tukuku ‟ kgstruk-cas. o) pag`k ‟ f`cëkd ‟ m`rakoa. n) `c`s têl ‟ `c` kgt`rvël ‟ `c` oagstrÿk. `) ckgfókæd ‟ e`kúrd ‟ knëkd.
(Dndptdna n` 3mp://www.r`o`ktd.edz`gnd.fav 3mp://www.r`o`ktd.edz`gnd.fav.hr/sre/mkstarkoa.mtl7. .hr/sre/mkstarkoa.mtl7. Do`ssa Do`ss a `l: 46 46 ldr. ldr. 824>.) 824>.)
4>. @H_@XM MPODLPE@_ DNUAFDNA DAOR 824> D pdcdvrd qu` `stä do`gtudnd oarr`tdl`gt` ë:
d) (4). h) (8). o) (?).
d) Mkstÿrkdr.
n) (>). `) (0).
h) L`lÿrkdc. o) Lëtankoa. n) Rrÿprk`ndn`. `) Droka.
44. @_^XDND @_^XDND N@ E@XXA ODLRA_ NA JAXNÏA_R DGDCK_^D E@XXAUKÄXKA E@XXAUKÄXKA AEKOKGD_ AEKOKGD_ @CË^XKOD @CË^XKOD KN@XM KN@XM 824> C`kd ds ardæð`s d s`fukr: 824> Lkgmd lï` s`lpr` l` doags`cmd d `vktdr ds QQQQQ oalpd oalpd-gmkds.. (lds/läs) gmkds D odund na v`sna nd gakvd gmd ul QQQQQQQQQ `garl`. `garl`. (oulprkl`gta/oalprkl`gta) Rr`oksdlas edz`r ds oalprds na lês, paks d QQQQQQQQQ `stä vdzkd. (n`sp`gsd/nksp`gsd). vdzkd. (n`sp`gsd/nksp`gsd).
40. RXANDLDL D__K_^@G^@ EPGODH 824> DNDR^DND Dsskgdc` d apæïa `l qu` a pdr n` pdcdvrds eak do`gdo`gtudna s`fugna d l`sld r`frd. d) sdún`-pdìs`s h) @ap`-juìz`s o) acìlpkods-dutal acìlpkods-dutalÿv`c ÿv`c n) vaoês-púhckoa `) `sp`täouca-l`gsurä `sp`täouca-l`gsuräv`c v`c
Oalpc`tdl, oarr`td ` r`sp`ovdl`gt`, ds cdougds dokld as `xpastas gd dct`rgdvd:
45. DNUAODOKD F@XDC ND PGKÏA ^ËOGKOA @L OAG ^DHKCKNDN@ KN@ODG 824> As vaoähucas –okgqu`gt`gärka“ –okgqu`gt`gärka“ ` –klpërka“ sïa do`gtudnas n`vkna â l`sld jusodvd. A l`sla aoarr` oal a pdr n` pdcdvrds dpr`s`gtdna `l
d) h) lds läs ‟‟ oulprkl`gta oalprkl`gta ‟‟ n`sp`gsd. n`sp`gsd. o) läs ‟ oulprkl`gta ‟ nksp`gsd. n) lds ‟ oalprkl`gta ‟ nksp`gsd. `) läs ‟ oalprkl`gta ‟ nksp`gsd.
d) prêlka ` ÿrhktd. h) räpknd ` träe`fa o) sdtëckt` ` lkgkstërka. n) púhckod ` `xp`rkêgokd. `) s`xdf`gärka ` prÿxkla. 46. XKARX@UKNÊGOKD @_R@OKDCK_^D @L RX@UKNÊG OKD _AOKDC O@R@XJ 824> D pdcdvrd –oagt`úna“ r`o`h` do`gtudæïa p`cd l`sld rdzïa n`:
48. ^X^8 X@FKÏA_R ^ËOGKOA JPNKOKÄXKA ÄX@D DNLKGK_^XD^KUD LËNKA EOO 824> @stä r`nkfknd oal ocdr`zd ` `l oagsagègokd oal ds r`frds nd frdläod garldvd d s`fukgt` erds`: d) Tu`r`las, au gïa, `c` s`rä n`skfgdna pdrd ndr d pdcdvrd gdc sahr` d pacêlkod qu`stïa, qu`, nkfd-s` n` pdssdf`l, t`l e`kta luktas `xktdr`l `l s` pragugokdr. h) Oagsuctdrdl a juìz do`rod nd passkhkckndn` n` vactdr dtrdz gd susp`gsïa na jafdnar jafdnar,, lds `c` eak odt`fÿrkoa qudgta d klpasklpasskhkckndn` n` r`v`r sud paskæïa.
d) juìza h) `spìrkta o) jargdcìsoa n) lìgkla `) nkspagìv`ks
?5
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
4=. LKGK_^ËXKA LKGK_^ËXKA NA L@KA DLHK@G^@ KO LHKA O@_ R@ 824> D l`sld r`frd n` do`gtudæïa fräod s` dpckod das vaoähucas –Hrdsìckd“, –o`gärka“ ` –prÿprka“. ( ) O@X^A
8>. OAXRA N@ HALH@KXA_ LKCK^DXRK OPX_A N@ EAXLDÆÏA N@ _ACNDNA_ P@_RK 824> –A `v`gta pralav` d sdún` n` lana kgt`frdc.“ kgt`frdc. “ D r`frd qu` jusod a do`gta fräoa ga t`rla n`stdodna ë d l`sld qu` jusod a do`gta `l:
( ) @XXDNA d) –r`lënka“ –r`lënka“.. h) –odjú“. o) –rúhrkod“ –rúhrkod“.. n) –eräun`“ –eräun`“.. `) –hdú“.
4;. RX@E@K^PXD N@ HDCG@ÄXKA ODLHAXKÚ_O FPDXND LPGKOKRDC E@R@_@ 824> DNDR^DND DNDR^DND Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` tands ds pdcdvrds sïa axìtagds. d) pë, cä, pdstd h) l`sd, tähud, rëfud o) ckvra, pravd, odn`rga n) pdrdhëgs, dtë, t`c`vksïa `) ÿoucas, pdrèl`tras, tuca
80. ^JHD 80. ^JHD ^ËOGKOA ^ËOGKOA JPNKOKÄXKA JPNKOKÄXKA ÄX@D ÄX@D DNLKGK_^XD ^KUD LËNKA LËNKA EFU EFU 8240 8240 ^`xta ? ‟ – D Cud Om`kd `gtrd `gtrd `l sud eds` eds` Or`so`gt` Or`so`gt` ga skfga skfga n` Fêl`as ` vdk lavkl`gtdr tuna a qu` nkz r`sp`kta â sud vknd prasskagdc prassk agdc ` praj`tas praj`tas n` n` odrr`krd. odrr`krd. As prÿxk prÿxklas las nkds s`rïa s`rïa ÿlas ÿlas pdrd ndr dgndl`g dgndl`gta ta d praj`t praj`tas as qu` oal` oal`ædrdl ædrdl mä dcfugs dcfugs nkds nkds au s`ldgds. As r`suctdnas om`fdrïa rdpkndl`gt`“ rdpkndl`gt`“.
82. DNUAODOKD F@XDC ND PGKÏA ^ËOGKOA @L OA LPGKODÆÏA _ AOKDC K N@ODG 824> 824> Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` d do`gtudæïa n` tands ds pdcdvrds `stä n` doarna oal d l`sld r`frd nd pdcdvrd n`stdodnd: –Rraourdnarkds – Rraourdnarkds oalpravdl g`o`sskndn` n` r`gnkl`gta sdsedtÿrka sdsedtÿrka pdrd pdrd r`gavdæïa na EK@_“ EK@_“.
A t`xta ? lastrd `x`lpcas n` `lpr`fa oarr`ta na –d“ oal do`gta frdv` kgnkodva nd ords` ‟ –nkz –nkz r`sp`kta â sud vknd pra sskagdc c “. sskagd “. D erds` dhdkxa `l qu` a `lpr`fa na do`gta frdv` nd ords` ë oarr`tdl`gt` `lpr`fdna ë:
d) dpÿs / pÿ / pdc`tÿ h) laìna / juìz`s / odìna o) mkstÿrkd / oärk` / têgu` n) äckhk / ìgt`rkl / pacìoa `) êxkta / pratÿpa / ävkna
d) a t`xta na marÿsoapa v`ka `sorkta â cäpks9 h) oal`ædrdl â omardr dsskl qu` c`rdl ds pr`vksð`s9 o) a marÿsoapa nkzkd â odnd c`ktard a qu` n`vkd edz`r9 n) a c`ktar `stdvd â praourd n` s`u n`sga9 `) a dstrÿcafa pr`vkd a eutura pdssa â pdssa
84. RX@E@K^PXD N@ HXP_ TP@_O @NPODNAX _AOK DC E@R@_ E @R@_ @ 824> Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` sÿ pdcdvrds pdpdraxìtagdss `stïa dpr`s`gtdnds. raxìtagd d) edokcktdnd, lkgmd, odgtd, pdcl`krds h) ldgä, pdpä, skgmä, odgæïa o) oä, pë, d, `xìcka n) t`rrd, pagtdpë, lurlúrka, dv`s `) sdún`, prklafêgkta, oalputdnar, n`vêss`las
85. RX@E@K^PXD N@ _@X^ÏAZKGMA_R EDXLDOÊP^KOA _PR@XKA _ PR@XKAX X UPG@_R 8246 A skgdc kgnkodva n` ords` `stä `lpr`fdna oarr`tdl`gt` gds nuds aoarrêgokds gd dct`rgdvd: d) Luktas kgnkvìnuas sïa prap`gsas â dssaokdr, kgdnv`rndkgdnv`rndl`gt`, trkst`zd â n`pr`ssïa. h) Ds p`ssads gïa qu`r`l `stdr â l`roê na saerkl`gta, par kssa dcl`jdl â pìcucd nd e`ckokndn`. o) Â praparæïa qu` d trkst`zd s` kgt`gskod ` s` pracagfd,
88. LKGK_^ËXKA NA N@_@GUACUKL@G^A DFXÄXKA ^ËOGKOA @L DFXKL@G_PXD EPGODH 824> D dct`rgdvd qu` dpr`s`gtd pdcdvrd do`gtudnd par r`frd nke`r`gt` nds n`ldks ë:
pan`-s`, â prkl`krd vkstd, p`gsdr `l n`pr`ssïa. n) Â rkfar, as `sp`okdckstds gïa n`v`l r`o`ktdr r`lënkas âs p`ssads dgt`s nd r`dckzdæ r`dckzdæïa ïa n` `xdl`s dourdnas. `) @l r`cdæïa â kgearldæï kgearldæïa a nd AL_, oagocuk-s` qu` `xkst`l 484 lkcmð`s n` p`ssads â s`r`l trdtdnds n` n`pr`ssïa.
d) núvknds. h) lukssklas. o) eährkod. n) lìgkla. `) klpassìv`c.
86. ^X^ 84. X@FKÏAXG ^ËOGKOA JPNKOKÄXKA ÄX@D DNLKGK_^XD^KUD LËNKA EOO 8246 Ë nkokc pcdpcdg`jdr uld okndn` ` r`sksr â â t`gtdæïa n` earlucdr ul praj`ta n` saok`ndn`. A skgdc kgnkodva n` ords` n`v`rä s`r ldgna odsa a v`rha suhckgmdna dokld s`jd suhstuìna par: d) gïa dodtdr. h) nrkhcdr. o) oagtracdr. n) sup`rdr.
8?. RXANDLDL D__K_^@G^@ N@ MDXNVDX@ EPG ODH 824> Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` tands ds pdcdvrds eaeardl do`gtudnds s`fugna d l`sld r`frd. d) kgnkvìnuas - dtrdì(-cds) - p`rìana h) sdìrdl ‟ v`ìouca - oagstruìna o) dgäcks` ‟ sdunäv`c - nkäcafa n) matëks ‟ orktërkas - dtrdvës `) `oagþlkod ‟ dpÿs ‟ prapÿsktas
`) gïa suoulhkr.
?6
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
8=. ^X^ 84. X@FKÏAXG ^ËOGKOA JPNKOKÄXKA ÄX@D DNLKGK_^XD^KUD DNLK GK_^XD^KUD LËNKA EOO 8246D 8246 D erds` `l qu` mä usa dn`qudna na skgdc kgnkodva n` ords` `goagtrd-s` `l:
?8. _DH@_R_R D^@GN@G^@ D OCK@G^@_ LËNKA EOO 824> DNDR^DND Ga tr`oma X`ra-l` das ckvras qu` eardl `sorktas ` puhckodnas, lds lds `stïa ‟ tdcv`z pdrd s`lpr` ‟ â `sp`rd n` s`r`l cknas, cknas, a usa na do`gta n` ords` ah`n`o` â l`sl`sld r`frd s`fuknd `l:
d) D t`gnêgokd n` r`oarr`r â dndptdæð`s dpdr`o` oal ldkar earæd gd Maccywaan na sëouca 84. h) Ë ourkasa oagstdtdr d rdpkn`z oal qu` a okg`ld dfr`fau â läxkld. o) D husod p`cd s`furdgæd c`vd as `stúnkas â dpastdr`l `l mkstÿrkds jä t`stdnds ` dpravdnds. n) ^dc läxkld dpckod-s` p`re`ktdl`gt` â orkdæïa n` p`æds n` t`dtra. `) Mä uld ldssd n` `sorktar`s pr`sas â oagtrdtas xas `l dcfugs `stúnkas.
d) Doastulau-s` âqu`cd sktudæïa, jä qu` gïa sdhkd oala `vktä-cd. h) Kgearlau â pdok`gt` qu` as r`lënkas mdvkdl surna `e`kta. o) Uau odr krrktdnd s` vaoê gïa l` n`kxdr dssksr â gav`cd. n) Dodhau s` oageugnkgna, dpÿs usdr â `xdustïa d v`cmd eÿrlucd. `) Oalugkqu` âs lkgmds dcugds qu` ds pravds `stïa oarrkfknds. ??. ^X^DC ^X^DC DGDCK_^D JPNKOKÄXKA _ PR@XKAX EOO 824> ... qu` doalpdgmdl ds eragt`krds aokn`gtdks omkg`sds... 824> A v`rha qu`, ga oagt`xta, `xkf` a l`sla pa n` oalpc`oalpc` l`gta qu` a nd erds` dokld `stä `l:
8;. RX@E@K^PXD N@ LDXÌ CKD_R DP]KCKDX N@ @_O XK ^D LËNKA UP G@_R 8246 Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` a skgdc kgnkodva n` ords` `stä `lpr`fdna oarr`tdl`gt`.
d) D Xatd nd _`nd gugod eak uld ratd úgkod... h) @ss`s odlkgmas ar`so`rdl nurdgt` as prklÿrnkas nd Kndn` Lënkd. o) ... vkdjdvdl par oarnkcm`krds...
d) D vacugtärkd doags`cmau d r`l`t`gt` â `squ`o`r a dlar n` kgeègokd. h) A odrt`kra `gtr`fau âs vacugtärkds na Ocuh` n` Juck`td uld gavd r`l`ssd n` odrtds. o) A lënkoa ae`r`o`u â ul nas r`l`t`gt`s dpaka pskoacÿfkoa. n) Ds kgt`frdgt`s na Ocuh` c`vdrdl mards r`spagn`gna â nkv`rsds odrtds. `) A Ocuh` suf`rku â dcfulds oagsuc`gt`s qu` z`ss`l gagavds dlkzdn`s.
n) ... dtë odkr `l n`susa, s`ks sëoucas dträs. `) A ldqukgkstd `lpurrd d ldgapcd na do`c`rdnar do`c`rdnar.. ?>. OD_DCDC OD_DCDC DNLKGK_^XD NAX N@ X@N@ OA R@U@ PEDC 824> Gd drldæïa dhdkxa, n` Rdnr` Uk`krd, –A trkfa gïa pkoau as `spkgmas, dgt`s as `spkgmas a pkodrdl d `c`... Oukndks qu` a s`rlïa vas pkoau d vÿs“ vÿs“ a suhstdgva –`s–`spkgmas“ t`l, r`sp`ovdl`gt`, eugæïa skgtäod n`,
?2. RX@E@K^PXD N@ _ÏA RDPCA_R ^ËOGKOA @L _DÚ N@ CDHAXD^ßXKA LËNKA UPG@_R 824> X``sor`v`g X``sor`v`g-na-s` a s`fl`gta erdsdc ‟ ... kgoktä-cas d r`dfkr ` d `ger`gtdr a n`soagearta,, ... ‟, n` doarna oal d r`fêgokd ` a do`gta kgnkodva n`soagearta nd ords`, t`l-s`:
d) ahj`ta nkr`ta/ahj`ta nkr`ta. h) suj`kta/ahj`ta nkr`ta. o) ahj`ta nkr`ta/suj`kta. nkr`ta/suj`kta. n) ahj`ta nkr`ta/ahj`ta kgnkr`ta. `) suj`kta/ahj`ta kgnkr`ta.
d) ... kgoktä-cas â r`dæïa ` da `ger`gtdl` `ger`gtdl`gta gta na n`soagearta, ... h) ... kgoktä-cas d r`dæïa ` a `ger`gtdl`g `ger`gtdl`gta ta na n`soagearta, ... o) ... kgoktä-cas â r`dæïa ` â `ger`gtdl`g `ger`gtdl`gta ta na n`soagearta, ... n) ... kgoktä-cas â r`dæïa ` a `ger`gtdl`g `ger`gtdl`gta ta na n`soagearta, ... `) ... kgoktä-cas d r`dæïa ` â `ger`gtdl`g `ger`gtdl`gta ta na n`soagearta, ..
?0. OD_DCDC OD_DCDC DNLKGK_^XD NAX N@ X@N@ OA R@U@ PEDC 824> Ga t`xta, – Drrdgod a `stdtuärka uld p`nrd n`ssds lagtdgmds, tasod, hrutd, nurd, kgearl`9 `, n`paks qu` n`shdstau a ldks frassa, tald a ldæa ` okgz`c gd lïa pdrd oal`ædr d earldr ul mal`l, mal`l, prkl`kra l`lhra l`lhra d l`lhra ` n`paks n`paks e`kæïa par e`kæïa.“ e`kæïa.“ UK@KXD, R. R. D. Kg _`rlïa na @spìrkta _dgta. Do`rva nd Dodn` Dodn`-lkd Hrdskc`krd n` C`trds D ardæïa suhckgmdnd `x`ro` uld eugæïa n`
?4. OAGDH OAG^DHKCKNDN@ _PR@XKAX KDN@_ 824> DNDR^DND Oagskn`rdgna a tr`oma –dtudckzau –dtudckzau as ndnas r`cdvas â pranuæïa n` frïas ga Hrdskc .“ .“ ` oagearl` d garldgarld-pdnrïa, dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd oarr`td.
d) odusdckndn`. h) oagocusïa. o) apaskæïa. n) oago`ssïa. `) gdckndn`.
d) d ords` eak `lpr`fdnd kgn`vkndl`gt` ga tr`oma. h) a dutar pan`rkd gïa t`r `lpr`fdna a skgdc kgnkodva n` ords`. o) s` –pranuæïa“ `sv`ss` dgt`o`nknd par `ssd `ssd,, a usa na skgdc kgnkodva n` ords` oaggudrkd ahrkfdtÿrka. n) s`, ga cufdr n` –r`cdvas“ –r`cdvas“,, eass` `lpr`fdna r`e`r`gt`s, a usa na skgdc kgnkodva n` ords` pdssdrkd d s`r edouctdva. `) odsa a vaoähuca lkgmd eass` `lpr`fdna kl`nkdtdl`gt` kl`nkdtdl`gt` dgt`s n` –pranuæïa“, a usa na skgdc kgnkodva n` ords` s`rkd ededouctdva.
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CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
?5. @H_@XM @H_@XM MPODLPE@_ DNUAFDNA _PR@XKAX DAO DAOR R 824> @l –_` d ”ourd‛ eass` odrd, dp`gds uld p`qu`gd erdæïa nd saok`ndn` t`rkd do`ssa d `cd.“, `cd.“, d `xpr`ssïa `l n`stdqu` eugokagd oala:
>4. DNUAODOKDF@XDC ND PGKÏA ^ËOGKOA @L OA LPGKODÆÏA _AOKDC KN@ODG 824> Do`rod nds r`cdæð`s skgtäods qu` aoarr`l ga kgt`rkar na p`rìana d s`fukr –Rackokdks –Rackokdks n` Cas Dgf`c`s taldl edods n` orklkgasas, p`rs`fu`l p`rs `fu`l hêhdnas gd `strdnd ` t`rlkgdl a nkd gd n`c`fdokd edz`gna s`u r`cdtÿrka.“ rka .“,, ë oarr`ta drldr qu`
d) ahj`ta nkr`ta. h) dnjugta dngalkgdc. o) oalpc`l`gta galkgdc. n) suj`kta pdok`gt`. `) ahj`ta kgnkr`ta.
d) –a nkd“ ë suj`kta na v`rha –t`rlkgdr“. h) a suj`kta na p`rìana, Rackokdks n` Cas Dgf`c`s, ë oaloal pasta. o) –hêhdnas“ ` –orklkgasas“ dpr`s`gtdl-s` gd eugæïa n` suj`kta. n) –edods“ passuk d l`sld eugæïa skgtäod qu` –hêhdnas“ ` –r`cdtÿrka“. `) –n` orklkgasas“, –gd `strdnd“, `strdnd“, –gd n`c`fdokd“ sïa t`rlas qu` kgnkodl okrougstègokds qu` odrdot`rkzdl d dæïa v`rhdc.
?6. @H_@XM MP_LPE_LX_ DGDCK_^D DNLKGK_ ^XD^KUA JAXGDCK_LA _PR@XKAX DAOR 824> –_kgtd-s` ugfkna p`cd sart` n` r`oal`ædr. Tudgna s`u cma or`so`r, `c` krä `gt`gn`r - ldks o`na au ldks tdrn` -...“ Ga p`rìana dokld, d ardæïa n`stdodnd: d) `stdh`c`o` uld r`cdæïa t`lpardc oal d ardæïa qu` cm` ë suhs`qu`gt`. h) `stdh`c`o` uld r`cdæïa t`lpardc oal d ardæïa qu` d dgdgt`o`n`. o) `stdh`c`o` uld r`cdæïa oagnkokagdc oal d ardæïa qu` cm` ë suhs`qu`gt`. n) `stdh`c`o` uld r`cdæïa oagnkokagdc oal d ardæïa qu` d dgt`o`n`. `) `stdh`c`o` uld r`cdæïa n` gdckndn` oal d ardæïa qu`
>8. ^J_R @_OX@U@G^@ ^ËOGKOA JPNKOKÄXKA LËNKA UPG@_R UPG @_R 8240 C`kd a t`xta, pdrd r`spagn`r âs qu`stð`s. A l na nkr`kta ë d pdz, a l`ka n` qu` s` s`rv` s`r v` pdrd oags`oags`fuk-ca ë d cutd. @gqudgta a nkr`kta `sv`r suj`kta âs dl`dæds nd kgjusæd ‟ ` kssa p`rnurdrä `gqudgta a lugna ear lugna ‟, `c` gïa pan`rä pr`sokgnkr nd cutd. D vknd na nkr`kta ë d cutd: cutd nas pavas, nas fav`rgas, nds ocdss`s saokdks, nas kgnkvìnuas.
cm` ë suhs`qu`gt`. ?=. RXANDLDL RXANDLDL D__K_^@G^@ N@ MDXNVDX@ EPG ODH 824> A t`rla n`stdodna `l: – Ds – Ds p`ssads `stïa s`lpr` lukta D^ D^DX@EDND_. DX@EDND_.““ `x`ro` d s`fukgt` eugæïa skgtäod:
^anas as nkr`ktas nd muldgkndn` eardl oagqukstdnas p`cd cutd9 s`us prkgoìpkas ldks klpartdgt`s v`rdl n` `ger`gtdr as dtdqu`s ndqu`c`s qu` d `c` s` apugmdl9 tana ` qudcqu`r nk r`kta, s`jd a nkr`kta n` ul pava, s`jd a nkr`kta na kgnkvìnua, sÿ s` drld par uld nkspaskæïa kgkgt`rruptd pdrd d cutd. A nkr`kta gïa ë uld sklpc`s kn`kd, ë uld earæd vkvd. Rar kssa d jusæd sust`gtd guld nds lïas d hdcdgæd oal qu` p`sd a nkr`kta, `g`g qudgta gd autrd s`furd d `spdnd par l`ka nd qudc a n`e`gn`. D `spdnd s`l d hdcdgæd ë d earæd hrutd, d hdcdgæd s`l d `spdnd, d klpatêgokd na nkr`kta. Pld oalpc`td d autrd, ` a v`rndn`kra `stdna n` nkr`kta sÿ pan` `xksr qudgna d jusæd sdh` hrdgnkr d `spdnd oal d l`sld mdhkckndn` oal qu` ldld gkpucd d hdcdgæd. A nkr`kta ë ul trdhdcma s`l trëfuds, gïa sÿ na Ran`r Rú hckoa, lds n` tand d papucdæïa. D vknd na nkr`kta gas ae`r`o`, gul sklpc`s r`cdgo` n` acmas, a `sp`täouca n` ul `searæa ` n` uld cutd kgo`ssdgt`, oala a n`sp`gnkna gd pranuæïa `oagþ`oagþlkod ` `spkrktudc. Tudcqu`r p`ssad qu` s` v`jd gd oaggfêgokd n` t`r n` sust`gtdr s`u nkr`kta pdrokpd n`ssd tdr`ed n` èlhkta gdokagdc ` oagtrkhuk pdrd d r`dckzdæïa nd kn`kd na nkr`kta. Ë v`rv`r ndn` qu` g`l tanas `ger`gtdl a l`sla n`sda. D vknd n` lkcmdr`s n` kgnkvìnuas n`s`gvacv`-s` trdgqukcdtrdgqukcd l`gt` ` s`l ahstäoucas n`gtra nas cklkt`s xdnas p`ca nkr`kta. _` cm`s nkssëss`las qu` a nkr`kta ë d cutd, gïa gas oalpr``gn`oalpr``gn`rkdl, paks sÿ v``l g`c` ul `stdna n` pdz ` n` arn`l.
d) ahj`ta nkr`ta. h) ahj`ta kgnkr`ta. o) dnjugta dnv`rhkdc. n) pr`nkodva. `) dnjugta dngalkgdc. ?;. ^X^4? X@FKÏARH ^ËOGKOA JPNKOKÄXKA ^@O GACAFKD ND KGEAXLDÆÏA LËNKA EOO 824> Da l`sla t`lpa, ds `ckt`s r`gugokdrdl âs dlhkæð`s pdssdnds... A v`rha qu`, ga oagt`xta, `xkf` a l`sla pa n` oalpc`oalpc` l`gta qu` a frkedna dokld `stä `lpr`fdna `l: d) Edctdl-gas pr`o`n`gt`s mkstÿrkoas pdrd... h) Gassas oagt`lparèg`as vkv`l s`l `ss` eutura... o) @ss` gava `sp`otra oalpravd d gavkndn` n` gassd sktudsktudæïa... n) Ds r`n`s saokdks `rdl dvkndn`s n` nkokc klpc`l`gtdæïa... `) ... oala s` klktäss`las a pdnrïa n` oagearta... >2. OKD N@ _@XUKÆA_ N@ PXHDGKZDÆÏA N@ FPDXD RPDUDRX DF@G^@ N@ ^XÈG_K^A OAG_PCRCDL 824> Tudgta â eugæïa qu` n`s`lp`gmd gd skgtdx` nd ardæïa, a tr`tr` oma `l n`stdqu` –^ –^`gma uld nar qu` pdssd ndquk n dquk prd cä ` n` cä prd oä“ oä“ oarr`spagn` d:
(Xunace vag Km`rkgf, D cutd p`ca nkr`kta)
Dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd `l qu` uld nds vìrfucds eak `lpr``lpr` fdnd pdrd skgdckzdr d alkssïa n` ul v`rha, tdc oala aoarr` gd pdssdf`l ‟ D ‟ D `spdnd s`l d hdcdgæd ë d earæd hrutd, d hdcdgæd s`l d `spdnd, d klpatêgokd na nkr`kta.
d) Ardæïa suharnkgdnd dnj`vd r`strkvd. h) Ardæïa suharnkgdnd dnj`vd `xpckodvd. o) Dnjugta dngalkgdc. n) Ardæïa suharnkgdnd dnv`rhkdc `spdokdc.
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CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
d) A nkr`kta, ga s`gna ahj`va, oalpr``gn` as prkgoìpkas jurìnkoas ldgkpucdnas ldgkpucdnas p`ca @stdna. h) ^andvkd, gïa pr`t`gna `gtrdr `l lkgúokds, paks gugod om`fdrkd da l. o) Na dutar `xkf`-s` qu` prav`, dtë a úcla o`gtdva, a kgkgt`r`ss` p`ougkärka. n) Ë qu`, oagearl` jä r`ssdct`k värkds v`z`s, d `ssêgokd na nkr`kta `stä gd dæïa. `) D odh`æd n` Jdga t`l edo` nupcd: d ugs vactd uld nds edo`s, das n`ldks, d autrd.
>0. OAXX@KA_ ^ËOGKOA @L _@FPXDGÆD NA ^XDHD CMA JÚGKAX LËNKA KDN@_ 8246 DNDR^DND Tudgta âs r`frds n` artafrdd ` n` pagtudæïa vkf`gt`s, oagskn`r` a p`rìap`rìana –@gqudgta ckd d odrtd, ds cäfrklds racdvdl `l s`u rasta guld lksturd n` dlar ` sdundn`.“ ` dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd oarr`td. d) A usa nd vìrfucd `gtr` ds ardæð`s ë apokagdc. h) D r`ndæïa –@gqudgta –@gqudgta ckd d odrtd, ds cäfrklds racdvdl `l s`u rasta par qu` s`gd ul lksta n` dlar ` sdundn`.“ pan`rkd pan`rkd suhstukr d arkfkgdc. o) A usa na mìe`g s`rkd ahrkfdtÿrka, odsa a pr`xa r` eass` dor`so`gtdna da vaoähuca –ckd“. n) Odsa d arn`l nds ardæð`s eass` kgv`rnd, a usa nd vìrfuvìrfucd `gtr` `cds pan`rkd s`r nksp`gsdna. `) Dsskl oala a vaoähuca –cäfrklds“, n`v`l s`r do`gtuddo`gtud nas frdodl`gt` rúhrkod, cègtrapa ` cúoknd.
>?.. ^JHD ^ËOGKOA JPNKOKÄXK A ÄX@D DNLKGK_^XD >? ^KUD LËNK A EFU 8240 ^`xta 8 - – D – D prkl`krd lkssïa trkpucdnd da `spdæa praeugna n`sn` a prafrdld Dpacca, nd nëodnd 4;62, oal a ahj`va n` `gvkdr dstragdutds d Ldrt` dtë 82?2 `stä s`gna pr`pdrdnd p`cd Gdsd (dfêgokd `spdokdc `spdokdc gart`-dl`rkodgd). gart`-dl`rkodgd). A prkl`kra prkl`kra pdssa pdrd d oagor`zdæïa n`ss` n`sda s`rä ndna g`std s`xtd-e`krd (0), oal a cdgædl`gta nd oäpsucd Arkag, nd hds` nd dfêgokd `l Odha Odgdv`rdc, gd Ecÿrknd, gas @stdnas Pgknas. A cdgædl`gta `stdvd pr`vksta arkfkgdcl`gt` pdrd `std qukgtd-e`krd (>), lds n`vkna d prahc`lds tëogkoas eak r`df`gndna pdrd ds 6m20 (42m20 ga marärka n` Hrdsìckd).“ Hrdsìckd).“
>5. ^X@L_ @_^ÄFKA JAXGDCK_LA ^X@L_ 824> U`rkqu` d pagtudæïa gds erds`s dhdkxa ` ldrqu` d dsdss`rvd oarr`td: d) Oëus: Tu` kgjusæd. h) A r`suctdna na pcdodr pcdodr,, gïa a dhdt`u. o) A oalëroka `stdvd e`omdna9 parël, d edrläokd `stdvd `l pc`ga dt`gnkl`gta. n) Oaldl hdstdgt`s erutds orkdgæds! `) Oalpr`k dhdodt`, ` ldlïa ldnura.
(Okêgokd, Kgt`rg`t @xpcar`r).
–oal a cdgædl`gta nd oäpsucd Arkag, nd hds` nd dfêgokd
>6. _DD@_R EK_ODC C@K^PXK_^D UPG@_R 824>
`l Odha Odgdv`rdc, gd Ecÿrknd, gas @stdnas Pgknas.“ As t`rt`r-
las suhckgmdnas s` `godrr`fdl nd caodckzdæïa na cdgædl`gta nd oäpsucd r`e`rknd9 a orktërka pdrd `ssd caodckzdæïa tdlhël eak s`fukna ga s`fukgt` odsa: As prat`stas oagtrd ds oatds rdokdks aoarr`rdl:: aoarr`rdl d) `l Hrdsìckd, Nkstrkta E`n`rdc, gd r`fkïa O`gtra-A`st`9 h) `l Rarta Dc`fr`, Xka Frdgn` na _uc, r`fkïa _uc9 o) `l R`nrkgmds, _ïa Cuìs, Ldrdgmïa9 n) `l _ïa Rduca, _ïa Rduca, Hrdskc9 `) `l Fakègkd, r`fkïa O`gtra-A`st`, Hrdskc. >>. ^X^ 84. X@FKÏAXG ^ËOGKOA JPNKOKÄXKA ÄX@D DNLKGK_^XD^KUD LËNKA EOO 8246 @stä pc`gdpc`gdl`gt` dn`qudnd d pagtudæïa na s`fukgt` p`rìana: d) D pranuæïa okg`ldtafräod oala ë sdhkna, s`lpr` h`h`h`u gd eagt` nd ckt`rdturd, lds a okg`ld n`ocdrau-s`, kgn`p`gkgn`p`g n`gt` nds autrds drt`s mä ldks n` l`ka sëouca. h) _dh`-s` qu`, d pranuæïa okg`ldtafräod s`lpr` oagskoagskn`rau d ckt`rdturd oala eagt` n` kgspkrdæïa, lds a okg`ld n`ocdn`ocdrau-s` kgn`p`gn`gt` nds autrds drt`s, mä ldks n` l`ka sëouca. o) Mä ldks n` l`ka sëouca, a okg`ld n`ocdrau-s` kgn`p`gkgn`p`g n`gt` nds autrds drt`s, `lhard d pranuæïa okg`ldtafräod okg`ldtafräod t`t`gmd s`lpr` oagskn`rdna d ckt`rdturd oala eagt` n` kgspkrdæïa. n) A okg`ld n`ocdrau-s` kgn`p`gn`gt`, nds autrds drt`s, mä ldks n` l`ka sëouca9 parël, sdh`-s`, qu` d pranuæïa okg`ldta okg`ldtafräod s`lpr` h`h`u gd eagt` nd ckt`rdturd. `) D ckt`rdturd, s`lpr` s`rvku n` eagt` kgspkrdnard na okokg`ld, lds `st`, n`ocdrau-s` kgn`p`gn`gt` nds autrds drt`s mä ldks n` l`ka sëouca ∘ oala ë sdhkna.
_`fugna d garld-pdnrïa nd cìgfud partufu`sd, d pagtudpagtudæïa `stä oarr`td `l: d) Mdfdr nkss`, qu` gïa krkd. h) Gdqu`cd gakt` as _t`v`gs`gs pral`t`rdl s`rvkr, hke`s ` cdfastds, das vkzkgmas. o) Om`fau, a oagvkt` nas _t`v`gs`gs, hke` ` cdfastds: pdrd Mdfdr ` M`cfd
>2
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
n) –@c`s sïa omdtas `, gugod pdrdl n` edcdr“, nkss`, Mdfdr â M`cfd. `) M`cfd om`fau oal a r`odna: ealas oagvkndnas, p`cas _t`v`gs`gs, pdrd jdgtdr hke`s ` cdfastds.
04. @LRCD_D_R DGDCK_^D JPXÌNKOA NKX@K^A UPG@_ R 824> _`fugna d garld-pdnrïa nd cìgfud partufu`UPG@_R partufu`sd, d pagtudæïa `stä oarr`td `l:
>=. RX@E@K^PXD N@ RDPCK_^DR@ X@O@ROKAGK_^D PR@G@^ 824> _ahr` as _KGDK_ N@ RAG^PDÆÏA, ahs`rv` as
d) Oala mä susp`ktd, par pdrt` nd edlìckd n` qu` Jaïa FauFaucdrt t`gmd skna dssdsskgdna9 d Oalkssïa nd U`rnd U`rndn` n` n`oknku r`dr`dhrkr d kgv`sfdæïa n` sud lart`, `l ldka n`st` dga, d p`nkna
kt`gs dhdkxa:
nd vkúvd ` nas h) @l ldkacmas. n`st` dga, d Oalkssïa nd U`rndn` dodtau a p`p` nkna nd edlìckd na `x-pr`skn`gt` Jaïa Faucdrt ` r`dhrku d kgv`s kgv`s-fdæïa nd lart` n`st`, vksta qu`, pdrd d vkúvd ` pdrd as cmas, Jdgfa pan` t`r skna dssdsskgdna. o) D kgv`sfdæïa nd lart` n` Jaïa Faucdrt, eak r`dh`rtd, `l ldka n`st` dga p`cd Oalkssïa nd U`rndn`, pdrd dpurdæïa nd odusd nd lart` na `x-pr`skn`gt` uld v`z qu`, pdrd d edlìckd, Jdgfa pan` t`r skna dssdsskgdna. n) D Oalkssïa nd U`rndn` U`rndn`,, d p`nkna nd edlìckd n` Jaïa FauFaucdrt, r`dhrku `l ldka n`st` dga d kgv`sfdæïa n` sud lart`, parqu`, d mkpÿt`s` n` dssdsskgdta gïa ë n`sodrtdnd, p`cd vkúvd ` cmas. `) Oala d vkúvd ` as cmas na `x-pr`skn`gt` Jaïa Faucdrt, susp`ktdgna qu` `c` passd t`r skna dssdsskgdna p`nkrdl d r`dr`d h`rturd nd kgv`sfdæïa n` sud lart`, â Oalkssïa nd U`rndn`, `std, dt`gn`u a p`nkna `l ldka n`st` dga.
K. –Odcld, f`gt`“. KK. –Tu` lugna ë `st` qu` omardr gïa ë –garldc“1 KKK. –_ust`gtdhkckndn`, pdrdnkfld n` vknd“ KU.. –_`rä qu` pr`oksd n` ldks ckoktdæð`s1 Mdjd ckoktdæð`s!“ KU U. –@, n` r`p`gt`, dqu`cd rud s` targau ul frdgn` cdfa...“ cdfa...“ _ahr` `c`s, dsskgdc` d dct`rgdvd OAXX@^D. OAXX@^D. d) Ga kt`l K, d vìrfucd ksacd ul dpasta. h) Ga kt`l KK, d kgt`rrafdæïa kgnkod uld l`gsdf`l kgt`rkgt`r ralpknd. o) Ga kt`l KKK, d vìrfucd ksacd t`rlas qu` `xpckodl a s`u dgdg t`o`n`gt`. n) Ga kt`l KU, as naks skgdks n` pagtudæïa, d kgt`rrafdæïa ` d `xocdldæïa, kgnkodl surpr`sd. `) Ga kt`l U, ds vìrfucds pan`rkdl s`r suhstuìnds, dp`gds, par ul pagta ` vìrfucd dpÿs a t`rla –r`p`gt`“. –r`p`gt`“.
08. ODK]D @OAGÞLKOD E@N@XDC LËNKOA NA ^XD HDCMA O@_R@ 824> DNDR^DND D oarr`æïa frdldodc na tr`oma –@gtr` –@gtr` ds h`hknds dcoaÿckods, o`rv`jds ` vkgmas sïa ds ldks oalugs `l tana a lugna“ lugna “ s`rkd pr`junkodnd, odsa s` kgs`kgs`rkss` uld vìrfucd cafa dpÿs d pdcdvrd –vkgmas“.
>;. RX@E@K^PXD N@ RDPCK_^DR@ X@O@ROKAGK_^D PR@G@ ^ 824> DNDR^DND – Jä vk f`g f`gt` t` odgs odgsdnd dnd n` dla dlarr, n` trdh trdhdcma dcma,, n` pacì pacìod, od, n` kn`dks. Jdldks oagm`ok dcfuël skgo`rdl`gt` odgsdna n` nkgm`kra. nkgm`kra .“ (Lkccþr E`rgdgn`s)
( ) O@X^A
( ) @XXDNA
0?. RX@E@K^PX RX@E@K^PXD D N@ DXOAU@XN@R@ DNLKGK_^XDNAX N@ X@OPX_A_ MPLDGA_ OAGRD__ 824> C`kd a t`xta d s`fukr: –Rdfdr par `ss` sawdr` gïa ë ul cuxa, lds uld g`o`sskndg`o`ssknd n`“. n` “. A usa nd vìrfucd jusod-s` parqu`:
_ahr` ds vìrfucds `xkst`gt`s ga t`xta, ë OAXX@^A drldr qu`: d) sïa edouctdv edouctdvds. ds. h) ksacdl dpastas. o) s`pdrdl `c`l`gtas n` l`sld eugæïa skgtäod. n) d t`ro`krd ë edouctdvd. `) s`pdrdl ardæð`s oaarn`gdnds dsskgnëods.
d) `stdh`c`o` d r`cdæïa `gtr` uld oaarn`gdnd dsskgnëod ` uld oagocuskvd. h) s`pdrdr d ardæïa oaarn`gdnd –gïa ë ul cuxa“ nd dnv`rsddnv`rsdvd –lds uld g`o`sskndn`“, `l qu` a v`rha `stä suh`gt`gnkna. o) ckfd d ardæïa prkgokpdc –Rdfdr“ â oaarn`gdnd –gïa ë ul cuxa, lds uld g`o`sskndn`“ g`o`sskndn`“.. n) kgnkod qu` naks t`rlas nd l`sld eugæïa `stïa ckfdnas par uld oagjugæïa dnkvd. `) ksacd a dpasta gd s`fugnd ardæïa.
02. RACÌOKD RACÌOKD LKCK^DX_R AEKOKDC DNLKGK _^XD^KUA LËNKA UPG@_R 824> D r``sorktd nd erds` ‟ Oala s`lpr`, d r`spastd n`p`gn` n` oala n`gklas as t`rlas nd p`rfugtd. p`rfugtd. ‟ `stä oarr`td, oarr`td, qudgta â pagtudæïa, pagtudæïa, `l: d) D r`spastd oala s`lpr`, n`p`gn` n`, oala n`gklas as t`rlas nd p`rfugtd. h) D r`spastd, oala s`lpr`, n`p`gn` n` oala n`gklas as t`rlas nd p`rfugtd. o) D r`spastd oala, s`lpr`, n`p`gn` n` oala n`gklas as t`rlas nd p`rfugtd. n) D r`spastd, oala, s`lpr` n`p`gn` n` oala n`gklas as t`rlas nd p`rfugtd. `) D r`spastd oala s`lpr`, n`p`gn` n` oala, n`gklas as t`rlas nd p`rfugtd.
0>. ^J_R @_OX@U@G^@ ^ËOGKOA JPNKOKÄXKA LËNKA UPG@_R UPG@_ R 8246 8246 Mä qudtra dgas, Omrks Gdf`c` e`z a qu` luktas `x`ouvas ga s`tar n` t`ogacafkd jä gmdl e`kta ‟ `c` trdgse`rku sud `qukp` pdrd ul omdldna `sorktÿrka dh`rta, s`l pdr`n`s ` nkvksÿrkds. As eugokagärkas, dtë `gtïa, `gtïa, trdhdcmdvdl n` odsd, lds `c` qu`rkd qu` tanas `sv`ss`l jugtas, pdrd s` oag`otdr`l ` oacdoacdhardr`l ldks edokcl`gt`. Lds `l pauoa t`lpa oau ocdra qu` Gdf`c` gmd oal`na ul frdgn` `rra. ^anas `stdvdl nkstrdìnas, d pranuvkndn` odku, ` as a s gav` `lpr`fdnas `stdvdl kgsdse`ktas, s`l edcdr na prÿprka om`e`.
>4
CÌGFPD RAX^PFP@_D
@l dhrkc n` 8240, quds` três dgas dpÿs d lundgæd pdrd a `s`s orktÿrka dh`rta, Gdf`c` trdgse`rku d `lpr`sd pdrd ul `spdæa n` ;22 l¸ agn` maj` tanas têl s`u prÿprka `spdæa, oal partds ` tuna. Kgúl`rds `lpr`sds dnatdrdl a oago`kta n` `sorktÿrka dh`rta ‟ o`rod n` 62% nas `sorktÿrkas `sorktÿrkas gas @stdnas @stdnas Pgknas Pgknas sïa dsskl ‟ ` dtë agn` s` sdh` pauoas r`targdrdl da lan`ca n` `spdæas trdnktrdnk okagdks oal sdcds ` partds.
48
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4?
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40
D
45
H
R`squksds, oagtuna oagtuna,, lastrdl qu` pan`las p`rn`r dtë 40% nd pranuvkndn`, n`s`gvacv`r prahc`lds frdv`s n` oago`gtrdæïa ` dtë t`r a nahra n` omdgo`s n` odr na`gt`s `l `spdæas n` trdtrd hdcma dh`rtas ‟ edtar`s qu` `stïa oagtrkhukgna pdrd uld r`dæïa oagtrd `ss` pa n` arfdgkzdæïa. N`sn` qu` s` lunau pdrd a earldta trdnkokagdc, Gdf`c` jä auvku oac`fds na s`tar n` t`ogacafkd nkz`r`l s`gr edctd na `sca n` trdhdcma na `sorktÿrka e`omdna. –Luktd f`gt` oagoarnd ‟ sklsklpc`sl`gt` gïa dfu`gtdl a `sorktÿrka dh`rta. Gugod s` oags`fu` t`rlkgdr ds oaksds ` ë pr`oksa c`vdr ldks trdhdcma pdrd odsd“, nkz `c`. Ë klpraväv`c qu` a oago`kta n` `sorktÿrka dh`rta odkd `l n`n`susa, lds dcfulds rlds `stïa s`fukgna a `x`lpca n` Gdf`c` ` vactdgna das `spdæas prkvdnas. Mä uld had rdzïa qu` `xpckod par qu` tanas dnardl ul `spdæa oal qudtra pdr`n`s ` uld partd: eaoa. D v`rndn` ë qu` gïa oags`fukoags`fuklas oulprkr värkds tdr`eds da l`sla t`lpa, ` p`qu`gds nkstrdæð`s pan`l n`svkdr gassa eaoa par dtë 82 lkgutas.
46 4=
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X`t`las ldks kgearldæð`s qudgna gas s`gtdlas `l ul caodc xa, drld _dccy Dufusg, pskoÿcafd dlhk`gtdc ` n`skfg n` kgt`rkar`s. (Hrydg Harzyiawsik, –Rar –Rar qu` `sorktÿrkas dh`rtas pan`l s`r rukgs pdrd eugokagärkas.“ eugokagärkas.“ Nkspagìv`c `l:3www4.eacmd.uac.oal. hr7. Do`ssa `l: 2>.2>.8246. Dndptdna)
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Kgkokdgna-s` d erds` ‟ X`t`las ldks kgearldæð`s qudgna gas s`gtdlas `l ul caodc xa... xa... (úcla pdräfrdea) ‟ oal a t`rla ^dcv`z, kgnkodgna oagnkæïa, d s`quêgokd qu` dpr`s`gtd oarr`cdæïa nas v`rhas n`stdodnas n` doarna oal d garld-pdnrïa s`rä:
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d) r`t`rìdlas ... s`gtdrlas h) r`gmdlas ... s`gtäss`las o) r`t`r`las ... s`gtäv s`gtävdlas dlas n) r`v`las ... s`gtdrìdlas `) r`vëss`las ... s`gtäss`las X@_RA_^D_ 4
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>8
LD^@LÄ^KOD
X`sacuæïa n` sktudæð`s-prahc`ld, `gvacv`gna: dnkæïa, suhtrdæïa, lucpckodæïa, nkvksïa, pat`gokdæïa au rdnkokdæïa oal gúl`ras rdokagdks, gds suds r`pr`s`gtdæð`s erdokagärkd au n`okldc9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Lìgkla lúcpca oalul9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Raro`gtdf`l9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Xdzïa ` praparæïa9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 X`frd n` três sklpc`s9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 @qudæïa na 4.º frdu9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8> Frdgn`zds ` l`nknds ‟ qudgndn`, t`lpa, oalprkl`gta, sup`rok`, odpdokndn` ` ldssd9 X`cdæïa `gtr` frdgn`zds ‟ tdh`cd au fräoa9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Gaæð`s n` f`al`trkd pcdgd ‟ earld, är`d, ä r`d, p`rìl`tra ` ^`ar`ld ^`ar`ld n` Rktäfards.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?>
LD^@LÄ^KOD @x`lpca ? 80-(02-?2)+>x0
X@_ACPÆÏA N@ _K^PDÆÐ@_RXAHC@LD, @GUACU@G @GUACU@G NA: DNKÆÏA, _PH^XDÆÏA, LPC^KRCKODÆÏA, NKUK _ÏA, RA^@GOKDÆÏA AP XDNKOKDÆÏA OAL GÚL@XA_ XD OKAGDK_, GD_ _PD_ X@RX@_@G^DÆÐ@_ EXDOKAGÄXKD AP N@OKLDC9
80-82+82
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