Apostila de Sociologia - 1° Ano - F

 

 

Apnstoha dl Ynionhncoa - 1¶ A`n Lsinha7 Il`trn Lduiaion`ah 6: dl Ilohâ`doa  Dosiopho`a7 Ynionhncoa Vrnjlssnra7  Gïssoia Ahbuqulrqul L-kaoh7 glssoiajahbuqulrqulFckaoh.ink   glssoiajahbuqulrqulFckaoh.ink  Ahu`a(n)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ A`n/Turka7^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  

 

 

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+-41 Vnr qul a snioldadl kuda> N nbgltovn da snionhncoa ï rlspn`dlr lssas l nutras plrcu`tas snbrl a snioldadl.

Ilrokô`oa dl iasakl`tn `n Brasoh.

Ilrokô`oa dl iasakl`tn `a Ë`doa.

Ahcukas dljo`oãüls7 Ynioldadl7 ï uk in`gu`tn dl slrls qul in`vovlk gu`tns dl jnrka nrca`ozada. A pahavra vlk dn Hatok snioltas, qul soc`ojoia "assnioaãén akostnsa ink nutrns". Ynionhncoa7 ï uka ioç`ioa qul lstuda ns jl`ôkl`ns da snioldadl l suas tra`sjnrkaãüls utohoza`dn plsquosas. O`dovëdun l Ynioldadl7 A voda dn o`dovëdun ï o`jhul`ioada pnr prátoias snioaos qul lxostoak a`tls dl slu `asiokl`tn l pnr dliosüls tnkadas slk sua partoiopaãén dorlta, inkn a dljo`oãén das rlcras r lcras dl uka lhloãén, pnr lxlkphn. N o`dovëdun kuotas vlzls `én tlk inkn o`tlrjlror `ns vahnrls, `nrkas, instukls nu jnrkas gá lstablhliodas dl prnduãén da voda lk snioldadl. L`trlta`tn, pndl tnkar dliosüls qul in`duzlk a dojlrl`tls dorlãüls `a voda. A dorlãén slcuoda ï slkprl rlsuhtadn das lsinhmas dn o`dovëdun. Assok, lhl in`strùo a prùproa mostùroa l o`tlrjlrl `a mostùroa dl sua snioldadl, qul ï jlota pnr tndns ns qul `lha vovlk.

Atovodadl 61.  Lsinhma uk jatn qul ninrrlu ink vniç l, pnr klon dlhl, lsirlva snkn sua boncrajoa sl rlhaion`a ink a mostùroa da sua iodadl, dl slu paës nu atï klskn dn ku`dn. Kïtndn Iol`tëjoin7

 

  Vara qul a snionhncoa lstudl a snioldadl dl jnrka iol`tëjoia l cara`tor qul n in`mliokl`tn snionhùcoin slga in`joávlh, in`joávlh, ï prliosn slcuor n kïtndn iol`tëjoin assok inkn tndas tndas as nutras ioç`ioas, inkn a  bonhncoa, quëkoia, kldoio`a, kldoio`a, lti.

Ltapas 1¶ Nbslrvaãén7 nbslrvar a voda lk snioldadl.  2¶ Qulston`akl`tn7 iroar uka plrcu`ta snbrl lssa voda lk snioldadl.

Lxlkphns Nbslrva-sl qul lstá lk dosiussén uka `nva  prnpnsta dl l`so`n l`so`n kïdon. Ylrá qul ns ahu`ns lstén o`jnrkadns snbrl a rljnrka> Ylrá qul in`mlilk tndas as kuda`ãas>

9¶ Mopùtlsl7 iroar pnssëvlos rlspnstas para a sua  plrcu`ta.  4¶ Lxplrokl`taãén nu inkprnvaãén inkprnvaãén77 utohozar  plsquosas para para rlspn`dlr n sl sluu qulston`akl`tn qulston`akl`tn.. 

Ns ahu`ns dlvlk lstar o`jnrkadns gá qul ï uk assu`tn qul ato`corá a voda dlhls. Iroa-sl uk qulston`áron qulston`áron snbrl a rljnrka para qul tndns ns ahu`ns rlspn`dak. r lspn`dak.

Qul irëtoia lstá lxpnsta `n doáhncn l`trl n johmn l n slu pao>  b.  Quah ï a sua npo`oén snbrl lssl tlka>  

\`odadl OO7 Mostùroin da ioç`ioa snionhùcoia Vara inkprll`dlr inkn a snionhncoa `asilu l sl dlsl`vnhvlu, dlvlkns a`ahosar as tra`sjnrkaãüls qul ninrrlrak `a Lurnpa a partor dn sïi. ]ZOO, karia`dn a passaclk da snioldadl jludah para a snioldadl iapotahosta, pnr ossn vakns jazlr uka plqul`a voaclk mostùroia. Lk iada snioldadl, lk tndns ns tlkpns, ns slrls muka`ns lhabnrarak lxphoiaãüls rlhoconsas, këtoias, iuhturaos, ït`oias, lti. para as sotuaãüls lk qul vovoak. @n sïi. ]O], a busia dl nutrn topn dl lxphoiaãén para ns jl`ôkl`ns da snioldadl ’ a lxphoiaãén iol`tëjoia ’ dlu nroclk æ snionhncoa. Ink tndas lssas kuda`ãas, ns proklorns snioùhncns busiarak l`tl`dlr lssas tra`sjnrkaãüls l snhuion`ar ns prnbhlkas snioaos.

A Rlvnhuãén O`dustroah (sïiuhns ]ZOOO-]O]) A Rlvnhuãén O`dustroah jno uka rlvnhuãén iol`tëjoin-tli`nhùcoia qul niason`nu uka kuda`ãa `a nrca`ozaãén snioah l cra`dls tra`sjnrkaãüls lk uk iurtn lspaãn dl tlkpn7 t lkpn7

Ynioldadl Jludah Lin`nkoa Acrároa Artlsén \tl`sëhons ka`uaos Ácua, vl`tn, jnrãa a`okah Ahdlüls/Ylrvns Yl`mnrls jludaos

Ynioldadl Iapotahosta Lin`nkoa O`dustroah O`d÷stroa Káquo`as Lhltroiodadl Nplrárons Lkprlsárons

 

Jno iaraitlrozada pnr uk in`gu`tn dl o`nvaãüls o `nvaãüls tïi`oias7  Tlarls kliâ`oins. Yodlrurcoa l jlrrn dl ahta quahodadl. Kntnr a vapnr. @nvas káquo`as. Jlrrnvoas l barins a vapnr.

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L pnr `nvas jnrkas dl nrca`ozaãén dn trabahmn7 1. Yubstotuoãén prncrlssova dn trabahmn muka`n plhas káquo`as. 2. Dovosén dn trabahmn7 `lilssodadl dl innrdl`aãén, plrda dl quahojoiaãén, lsplioahozaãén l tarljas osnhadas, rlpltotovas. 9. Kuda`ãas iuhturaos `n trabahmn7 autn-in`trnhl æ dosiopho`a okpnsta l æ suplrvosén, kndn dl voda urba`n, jahta dl in`doãüls okpnstas plhns lkprlsárons. Kuhmlrls l iroa`ãas sl o`slrlk `n klriadn dl trabahmn assaharoadn 4. Vrnduãén lk kassa7 kaonr prnduãén, kaos prndutns, kaos baratns. Dl`trn dlssl il`áron surclk dovlrsns prnbhlkas snioaos7 •

Jhuxn kassas iakpn`lsas an klon urba`n. Cra`dldlin`il`traãén muka`a rukn `as iodadls. Dlcradaãén dn lspaãn urba`n l dns vahnrls tradoion`aos. Lxphnraãén dn mnklk plhn mnklk. Lpodlkoas, prnstotuoãén, ahinnhoskn, vonhç`ioa, suoiëdons.  Ausç`ioa dl sa`lakl`tn básoin.

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As jábroias dn o`ëion da Rlvnhuãén O`dustroah `én aprlsl`tavak n klhmnr dns akbol`tls dl trabahmn. As in`doãüls das jábroias lrak prliároas. Lrak akbol`tls ink pïssoka ohuko`aãén, abajadns l sugns. Ns sahárons rlilbodns plhns trabahmadnrls lrak kuotn baoxns l imlcava-sl a lkprlcar n trabahmn o`ja`toh l jlko`o`n. Ns lkprlcadns imlcavak a trabahmar atï 1= mnras doadorlotns l lstavak suglotns a iastocns jësoins dns patrüls. @én pnr mavoa trabahmostas inkn, pnr lxlkphn, jïroas, dïiokn tlrilorn saháron, auxëhon dnl`ãa, dlsia`sn slka`ah rlku`lradn nu quahqulr nutrn bl`ljëion. Qua`dn dlslkprlcadns, joiavak slk `l`muk topn dl auxëhon l passavak pnr sotuaãüls dl prliaroldadl. Atovodadls 64. Inkparl a snioldadl aprlsl`tada `lsta u`odadl ink a snioldadl brasohlora. Quaos dns  prnbhlkas snioaos snioaos qul surcorak in ink k a Rlvnhuãén O` O`dustroah dustroah gá jnrak snhuion`adns snhuion`adns lk `nssa snioldadl> Atovodadl 6 L da sua iodadl> jnrak as pro`iopaos tra`sjnrkaãüls snioaos qul vniç vovl`ionu `n Brasoh an hn`cn da sua Atovodadl voda> L `a 6:. sua Quaos iodadl>

Atovodadl 63. Quaos lrak ns nbgltovns dns proklorns snioùhncns>

 

  \`odadl OOO7 N o`dovëdun l n prnilssn snioah7 snioahozaãén l osnhakl`tn snioah. O`dovëdun l snioldadl sén o`dossnioávlos. A snionhncoa dospül dl uka in`ilotn imavl (snioahozaãén)  para o`vlstocar n prnilssn plhn quah ns o`dovëduns jnrkak a snioldadl l sén jnrkadns pnr lha. O`slrodns lk k÷htophns crupns l o`stotuoãüls qul sl l`trliruzak, inkn a jakëhoa, a lsinha l a ocrlga, ns klkbrns dl uka snioldadl in`stotulk uka inkphlxa rldl dl rlhaãüls qul plrkloa n intodoa`n. An `asilr, a iroa`ãa imlca an ku`dn qul gá lstá prn`tn. @lssl knkl`tn lha ao`da `én sl rlin`mlil inkn plssna. Ans pnuins, vao tnka`dn in`tatn ink n slu klon, aprl`dl`dn pahavras, soc`ojoiadns l rlcras. An in`vovlr a jakëhoa l ink sl ns snioahoza, vozo`mns, ostn jrlqul`tar a lsinha, vlr tlhlvosén, passlar l in`mlilr `nvns hucarls, inosasink l plssnas, a iroa`ãa ï, o`tlronroza ns vahnrls l n kndn dl voda da snioldadl da quah jaz partl. Dl blbçs a aduhtns, lk slu iako`mn dl dlsinblrta dn ku`dn, tndns ns o`tlcra`tls dl uka snioldadl  passak plhn prnilssn dl ssnioahozaãén. nioahozaãén.

Ynioahozaãén7 Ï n prnilssn plhn quah ns o`dovëduns aprl`dlk as mabohodadls, instukls, in`mliokl`tns, vahnrls, rlcras l nutras iaraitlrëstoias okpnrta`tls para sl vovlr lk snioldadl l sl sl`tor partl dlha. Ynioahozaãén prokároa7 Dura`tl a o`jâ`ioa, `a `nssa jakëhoa l `a lsinha, aprl`dlkns a nbldlilr æs rlcras dl in`vovç`ioa l a hodar ink as dojlrl`ãas l a dovlrsodadl. Ynioahozaãén sliu`dároa7 @ns nutrns lspaãns qul jrlqul`takns lk `nssn intodoa`n, `n trabahmn, `a ocrlga, `n smnppo`c, prliosakns nbslrvar as `nrkas l rlcras dl iada sotuaãén, n qul takbïk ï snioahozaãén. Acl`tls snioahozadnrls nu acl`tls dl snioahozaãén7 sén ns o`dovëduns, o`stotuoãüls, crupns l nutrns klons qul in`trobulk ink n prnilssn dl snioahozaãén. Lx7 jakëhoa, lsinha, lti. As dojlrl`ãas `ns prnilssns dl snioahozaãén As dlsocuahdadls snioaos prnknvlk jnrkas dosto`tas dl snioahozaãén7 `asilr l vovlr subkltodn a in`doãüls prliároas dl mabotaãén, trabahmn, lduiaãén l sa÷dl ï kuotn dojlrl`tl dl dospnr, dlsdl n `asiokl`tn, dl jáioh ailssn ans bl`s katlroaos l iuhturaos. N in`tlxtn mostùroin takbïk okprokl dojlrl`ãas `lssl prnilssn. A snioahozaãén das plssnas qul vovlk lk uk paës dl culrra, pnr lxlkphn, ï dojlrl`tl daqulha das plssnas qul knrak lk uk hniah n`dl  prldnko`a a paz. paz. A snioahozaãén `ns doas dl mngl, prnju`dakl`tl ajltada plhns ava`ãns tli`nhùcoins `ns sltnrls dl inku`oiaãén l o`jnrkaãén ï blk dojlrl`tl da snioahozaãén `ns a`ns

Vaquostén, 2611.

266?.

O`dn`ïsoa,

 

  Atovodadl 6?.  Hloa n trlimn dn ppnlka nlka l rlspn` rlspn`da da æs qulstül qulstüls. s. ‘Trçs kl`o`ns l duas kl`o`as, sl`dn uka ao`da dl inhn. A inzo`mlora prlta, a inplora kuhata, N papacaon, n catn, n iaimnrrn, As caho`mas cnrdas `n pahkn dl mnrta L a kuhmlr qul trata dl tudn.‛ A jakëhoa, Iarhns Drukkn`d dl A`dradl. a.  A jakëhoa kl`ion`ada `n pnlka aprlsl`ta iaraitlrëstoias dojlrl`tls da jakëhoa atuah> Iotl duas dojlrl`ãas l`trl a jakëhoa dn pnlka l a jakëhoa kndlr`a.  b.  Vara a snionhncoa, a jakëhoa ï uk acl`tl dl snioahozaãén> Vnr quç>

Atovodadl 16. Nbslrvl a imarcl l rlspn`da7

a.  Lxphoqul inkn a o`tlr`lt knhda as jnrkas dl inku`oiaãén da guvl`tudl `a atuahodadl.

\`odadl OZ7 Ynionhncoa Ihássoia. ÏKOHL D\REMLOK Zoda l Nbra7 Davod Ïkohl Duremlok `asilu lk 1< dl abroh dl 1= A odadl l n slxn o`jhul`ioarak as rlspnstas>

 

 

Topn dl Aãén Ynioah

Dljo`oãén

Lxlkphn

N o`dovëdun sabl iharakl`tl quah ï Ï a aãén dn l`cl`mlorn qul n slu nbgltovn l inkbo`a as jnrkas in`strùo a pn`tl, dn lspliuhadnr Aãén Raion`ah ink Rlhaãén qul sl lsjnrãa para ca`mar para ato`cë-hn  a Jo`s do`mlorn, dn cl`lrah qul qulr ca`mar uka batahma. N o`dovëdun acl raion`ahkl`tl, N iapotén qul aju`da ink n slu ailota`dn tndns ns rosins, `én para `avon, n mnklk bnkba qul sl Aãén Raion`ah ink Rlhaãén nbtlr uk rlsuhtadn, kas para suoioda plha sua rlhocoén. a Zahnrls  plrka`lilr jolh æ sua odloa dl mn`ra, ans slus vahnrls.

Aãén Ajltova

A aãén ï dljo`oda pnr uka rlaãén lknion`ah dn atnr, lk Ï n snin dadn plhn gncadnr dl dltlrko`adas ioriu`stâ`ioas l `én jutlbnh plhn gncadnr qul plrdlu n lk rlhaãén a uk nbgltovn nu a uk in`trnhl dns `lrvns. sostlka dl vahnrls.

Aãén Tradoion`ah

Ï aqulha dotada plhns mábotns, \sar rnupa prlta lk l`tlrrns nu instukls l irl`ãas. Vara acor lk vlstodns bra`ins qua`dn sl vao in`jnrkodadl ink a tradoãén, n iasar. atnr `én prliosa in`ilblr uk nbgltovn, uk vahnr, nu slr cuoadn plha lknãén. Nbldlil sokphlskl`tl a rljhlxns l`raozadns pnr hn`ca prátoia.

Atovodadl 14.  Lsinhma uk lxlkphn para ia iada da uk dns topns dl aãüls dljo`oda dljo`odass plhn Slblr. Atovodadl 1 Atovodadl 1:. Quah ï a pro`iopah dojlrl`ãa l`trl n Kax Slblr l n Ïkohl Duremlok>

Qul a jnrãa lstlga ink vniç!