Apontamento de Direito Laboral

 

_RKGDKRJ _JRVD< RDEJÈÔDY KMFKQKFTJKY F@ VRJBJEN@. KMVR@FTÈÉ@ IJ_ÇVTE@ K. I@MIDKV@ D A@MVDY F@ FKRDKV@ F@ VRJBJEN@ :.:.

FKRDKV@ F@ F@ VR VRJBJEN@

:.:.:. :.: .:. I`m I`midk idkt` t` Vrjb Vrjbjen jen` `

J. @rkhdms @rkhdms f` i`midkt` i`midkt` trjb trjbjen` jen`.. F` p`mt` p`mt` fd vks vkstj tj nks nkstùr tùrki` ki` d dtk dtkg`e g`eùhk ùhki`, i`, j pje pjejvr jvrj j ―trj ―trjbje bjen`‗ n`‗ fdi`rr fdi`rrd d fd jeh jeh` ` fdsjhrjfêvde< f`r, ijstkh`, s`arkgdmt`, t`rturj. @ tdrg` ―trjbjen`‗ tdg `rkhdg m` ejtkg  ’ trkpjekug, dspëikd fd kmstrugdmt` fd t`rturj qud pdsjvj s`brd `s jmkgjks. @s m`brds, `ssdmn`rds adufjks d `s vdmidf`rds mé` trjbjenjvjg, p`ks i`mskfdrjvjg ` trjbjen` ugj dspëikd fd ijstkh`. I`g ` pjssjr f` tdgp`, a`rjg surhkmf` js vjrkjèôds, i`g` trkpj trkpjekjrd ekjrd (trjbjenjr) d adrr jfurj j`s ijvje`s). trdpjekug (ijvjedtd fd trìs pjus usjf` pjrj jpekijr j adrrjfurj

B. Fdakmkèé` Fdakmkèé` f` i`mid i`midkt` kt` tr trjbjen jbjen`. `. Yd m` pjss pjssjf jf` ` ` trj trjbje bjen` n` tkmnj i`m`tjèé` fd t`rturj, jitujegdmtd skhmkakij t`fj dmdrhk dmd rhkj j açskij açskij `u kmt kmtded deditu ituje je dgp dgprdh rdhjfj jfj pde pde` ` n`g n`gdg dg i`g akm akmjek jekfjf fjfd d pr` pr`fut futkvj kvj.. V`fjvk V`f jvkj, j, mdg t`f t`fj j ji jitkv tkvkfj kfjfd fd nugjm nugjmj j pr`fut pr`futkvj kvj i`mstk i`mstktuk tuk `bl `bldit dit` ` f` Fkr Fkrdkt dkt` ` f` Vrjbjen`, p`ks s`gdmtd j jitkvkfjfd adktj dg ajv`r fd tdridkr`s kmtdrdssj j` m`ss` dstuf`, d mé` j dmdrhkj fdspdmfkfj pjrj sk prùprk`. Vrjbjen` prdssupôd jièé`, dgkssé` fd dmdrhkj, fdspdfkgdmt` fd dmdrhkj nugjmj, açskij d gdmtje, i`g ` `blditkv` fd jtkmhkr jehug rdsuetjf`.

:.:.2.. I@MIDKV@ :.:.2 I@MIDKV@,, @BLDIV@, IJRJ IJRJIVDRÇ IVDRÇYVKI YVKIJY, JY, ATMÈÉ@ D ÂGBKV@ FKRDKV@ FKRDKV@ F@ VRJBJEN@  J. Fdakmkèé` f` i`midkt` i`midkt` Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen` Vrjbjen`.. Fkrdkt Fkr dkt` ` f` Vrj Vrjbje bjen` n` Ë ` i`mlum i`mlumt` t` fd prk prkmiç miçpk` pk`ss d rdh rdhrjs rjs lur lurçfk çfkijs ijs,, jpe jpekiê kiêvd vdks ks ïs rdejèôds kmfkvkfujks d i`editkvjs fd trjbjen` sub`rfkmjf` ’ `u dqukpjrjf`s ’ fd ijrêitdr dgkmdmtdgdmtd s`ikje, fdstkmjf`s j gden`rkj fjs i`mfkèôds fd dgprdh`. @ Fkrdkt` f` trjbjen` p`fd tjgbëg sdr fdakmkf` i`g` ug skstdgj lurçfki` pdrgdjf` p`r  :

 

kmstktut`s, vje`rds, rdhrjs d prkmiçpk`s fkrkhkf`s j`s trjbjenjf`rds sub`rfkmjf`s d jssdgdenjf`s, j`s dgprdhjf`rds, dgprdsjs i`ekhjfjs, t`gjf`rds fd sdrvkè`, pjrj tutdej f` i`mtrjt` gçmkg` fd trjbjen`, fjs `brkhjèôds fdi`rrdmtds fjs rdejèôds fd trjbjen`, fjs gdfkfjs qud vksjg ï pr`tdièé` fj s`ikdfjfd trjbjenjf`rj, sdgprd m`rtdjfjs pde`s prkmiçpk`s i`mstktuik`mjks, prkmikpjegdmtd ` fj fkhmkfjfd fj pdss`j nugjmj. Vjgb Vj gbëg ëg ë rd rdin indj djf` f` fd m`rg m`rgjs js fd fdst stkm kmjf jfjs js j` j`ss sk skmf mfki kijt jt`s `s d js jss` s`ik ikjè jèôd ôdss rdprdsdmtjtkvjs3 ï jtdmujèé` d a`rgj fd s`euèé` f`s i`maekt`s kmfkvkfujks, i`editkv`s d fkaus`s, dxkstdmtds dmtrd ijpktje d trjbjen`3 ï dstjbkekzjèé` fj di`m`gkj s`ikje d ï gden`rkj fj i`mfkèé` s`ikje fd t`f`s `s rdejik`mjf`s.

B. @bld @bldit` it` f f` ` Fkrdkt` Fkrdkt` f` V Vrjbj rjbjen`. en`. @ Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen` mé` ë ` Fkrdkt` fd t`f` ` trjbjen`, mé` t`gj i`g` `bldit` fd rdhuejèé` t`fjs js g`fjekfjfds fd dxdriçik` fd ugj jitkvkfjfd nugjmj pr`futkvj `u s`ikjegdmtd ütke. I`g` rjg` fd Fkrdkt`, ` sdu f`gçmk` ë ` f`s admùgdm`s fd rdejèé`3 dxieudg sd fded js jitkv jitkvkf kfjf jfds ds fdsd fdsdmv mv`e `evk vkfj fjss pd pde` e`ss km kmfk fkvç vçfu fu`s `s pjrj pjrj sj sjtktksa sajè jèé` é` kg kgdf dfkj kjtj tj fd mdids didssk skfj fjf fds prù rùpr prkj kjs. s. Vrj rjtj tjrr-ssdd-ê ê

jpd pdmj mjss

fd a`rg a`rgj js

fd

trjb trjbj jen en` `

ekekvr vrd, d,

v`eumtjrkjgdmtd prdstjf`3 jajstjg-sd jsskg js jitkvkfjfds a`rèjfjs `u i`gpdekfjs, kst` ë, fd ug g`f` hdrje, jqudejs qud mé` sd aumfjg mug i`gpr`gkss` ekvrdgdmtd jssugk jss ugkf` f` gjs mug mugj j kgp`s kgp`skèé kèé` ` dxt dxtdrm drmj. j. @ trj trjbje bjen` n` ekv ekvrd, rd, dg pr` pr`vdk vdkt` t` jen jendk` dk` d rdgumdrjf` trjfuz-sd sdgprd mj jpekijèé` fd jptkfôds pdss`jks, fd mjturdzj açskij, psçqukij d tëimkij3 pjrj j pdss`j qud ` rdjekzj, trjtj-sd fd ―ajzdr rdmfdr‗ dssjs jptktkfô jp fôds ds,, fd js i`mi i`mird rdtktkzj zjrr fd g` g`f` f` j `b `btd tdr, r, dg i` i`mt mtrj rjpj pjrt rtkf kfj, j, ug bd bdmd mdaç açik ik` ` di`mùgki`.

I. Âgbk Âgbkt` t` f` f fkrdkt krdkt` ` f` Vrjbjen Vrjbjen` ` Jmh`ejm` Jmh`ejm` @ fkrdkt` f` trjbjen` jmh`ejm` mé` sd vjk jpekijr j t`fjs js rdejèôds ejb`rjks. Fdsfd e`h`, j`s aumik`mêrk`s pübeki`s jpekij-sd ` rdhkgd fj aumèé` pübekij, dgb`rj sd tdmnj vkmf` j vdrkakijr mdstd, ugj auhj pjrj ` fkrdkt` prkvjf`. Zuje ` âgbkt` rdhuejtkv` fjs m`rgjs f` fkrdkt` f` trjbjen`. @ fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen` Jmh`ejm` jpekij-sd j t`f`s `s trjbjenjf`rds qud, m` tdrrktùrk` fj Rdpubekij fd Jmh`ej, prdstjg jitkvkfjfd rdgumdrjfj p`r i`mtj fug dgprdhjf`r  2

 

m` âgbkt` fj `rhjmkzjèé` d s`b j jut`rkfjfd d fkrdièé` fdstd, tjks i`g` mjs dgpr dg prds dsjs js

pü pübe beki kijs js,,

gk gkst stjs js,,

pr prkv kvjf jfjs js,,

i` i``p `pdr drjt jtkv kvjs js,,

`rhj `rhjmk mkzj zjèô èôds ds

s` s`ik ikjk jks, s,

`rhjmkzjèôds kmtdrmjik`mjks d mjs rdprdsdmtjèôds fkpe`gêtkijs d i`msuejrds, j`s jprdmfkzds d dstjhkêrk`s i`e`ijf`s s`b j jut`rkfjfd fug dgprdhjf`r d j` trjbjen` prdstjf` m` dstrjmhdkr` p`r mjik`mjks `u dstrjmhdkr`s rdskfdmtds i`mtrjtjf`s m` _jks j` sdrvkè` fd dgprdhjf`rds mjik`mjks, sdg prdluçz` fjs fksp`skèôds gjks ajv`rêvdks pjrj ` trjbjenjf`r d dstjs fksp`skèôds fd `rfdg pübekij m` e`ije fd trjbjen` d supedtkvjgdmtd j`s j`s trjbjenjf`rds dstrjmhdkr`s mé` rdskfdmtds. (Jrt.:¼EHV) @ fkrdkt` f` trjbjen` jmh`ejm` mé` sd jpekij j`s jeëg f`s aumik`mêrk`s pübeki`s j`s trjbjenjf trjbj enjf`rds `rds j` sdrvkè` sdrvkè` fjsrd fjsrdprdsd prdsdmtjèô mtjèôds ds fkpe` fkpe`gêtki gêtkijs js `u i`ms i`msuejrd uejrdss f`ut f`utr`s r`s _jçsds `u fd `rhjmkzjèôds kmtdrm rmj jik`mjks ks,, qud dxdridg jitkv kvkf kfj jfd m` âgbkt` fjs I`mvdmèôds fd Qkdmj3 (Jrt. 2¼ EHV)

F. Ijrj Ijrjitdrç itdrçstkij stkij f` Fkrdkt` Fkrdkt` f` f` Vrjbjen` Vrjbjen`..  J gjk`r ijrjitdrçstkij f` Fkrdkt` Fk rdkt` f` Vrjbjen` ë j pr`tdièé` f` trjbjenjf`r , sdlj p`r  gdk` fj rdhuejgdmtjèé` edhje fjs i`mfkèôds gçmkgjs fj rdejèé` fd dgprdh`, `u fd gdfkfjs s`ikjks jf`ptjfjs d kgpejmtjfjs pde` h`vdrm` d pdej s`ikdfjfd. E`h`, sdu prkmikpje i`mtdüf` jbrjmhd ` dgprdhjf` d ` dgprdhjf`r. Y`b ` jspdit` f` fkrdkt` i`edi i` editkv tkv` ` f` trj trjbje bjen`, n`, suj gjk gjk`r `r ijrji ijrjitdr tdrçst çstkij kij ds dstê tê mj bus busij ij fd s` s`euè euèôds ôds d mj pjik pj ikakakij ijèé èé` ` f` f`ss i` i`ma maekekt` t`ss i`ed i`edit itkv kv`s `s f` trjb trjbje jen` n`,, bd bdg g i` i`g` g` mj mjss a`rg a`rgjs js fd rdprdsdmtjèé` pde`s skmfkijt`s.

D. Js aaumèô umèôds ds f` f` Fkrdkt` Fkrdkt` f` V Vrjbj rjbjen` en`  J aumèé` gjks i`rrdmtdgdmtd jtrkbuçfj j` Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen` ë, lustjgdmtd, dssj< j fd ―i`gpdmsjr‗ j fdbkekfjfd i`mtrjtuje `rkhkmêrkj f` trjbjenjf`r, m` pejm` kmfkvkfuje. M` Fkrd Fkrdktkt` ` f` Vr Vrjb jbje jen` n`,, ` pjfr pjfré` é` fd rd rdad adrì rìmi mikj kj ë gj gjri rijf jf` ` pd pdej ej fd fdsk skhu huje jefj fjfd fd `rkhkm `rk hkmêrk êrkj j f`s suldkt suldkt`s, `s, `u sdlj, sdlj, pde pdej j fka fkadrd drdmèj mèj fd `p` `p`rtu rtumkf mkfjfd jfdss d ijp ijpji jikfj kfjfd fd `bl bldi ditktkvvjs fd rdj djekekzzjè jèé` é` fd km kmtd tdrd rdss ssds ds prùpr rùprk` k`s, s, d fj fjçç qud j akakm mje jekf kfj jfd ―i`gpdmsjf`rj‗ sdlj jssugkfj i`g` ug prdssup`st` fj kmtdrvdmèé` m`rgjtkvj.

:.:.9.. Fkvksé` :.:.9 Fkvksé` f` fkrdk fkrdkt` t` f` trjbjen`. trjbjen`. @ Fkrdkt Fkrdkt` ` f` Vrj Vrjbje bjen` n` fkvkfd fkvkfd-sd -sd dg fkrdkt fkrdkt` ` kmf kmfkvk kvkfuj fujee d fkr fkrdkt dkt` ` i` i`edi editkv tkv`. `. @ fkrdkt`

kmfkvkfuje ijrjitdrkzj-sd pdej dxkstìmikj fd ugj rdejèé` lurçfkij iul`s kmtdrdssds sé` i`mirdt`s, tjmt` f`s trjbjenjf`rds qujmt` f`s dgprdsêrk`s, jmjeksjf`s fd a`rgj 9

 

kmfkvkfuje (fd ijfj suldkt`). Lê ` fkrdkt` i`editkv` a`ij `s kmtdrdssds jbstrjit`s f` hrup`.

:. :.2. 2.

M@ M@ÈÉ ÈÉ@ @F FD D "A@ "A@MV MVD DF FD DF FKR KRDK DKV@ V@". ".

@ v`iêbue` a`mtd, f` p`mt` fd vkstj sdgâmtki`, skhmkakij ―e`ije fd `mfd vdg `u `mfd sd pr`fuz jeh`3 pr`idfìmikj, `rkhdg, pr`vdmkìmikj3 jquke` qud fê `rkhdg, gjtrkz, mjsidf`u mjsi df`ur`.‗ r`.‗ @ tdgj A`mtds A`mtds f` Fkrdkt Fkrdkt` ` i`ms i`mstktuk tktuk kgp`rt kgp`rtjmtd jmtd `bld `bldit` it` fd dstuf dstuf` ` f` dspdikjekstj, gjs fdvd prkgdkr` sdr kmvdstkhjf` m` âgbkt` fj Vd`rkj Hdrje f` Fkrdkt`, p`ks p` ks j kf kfdm dmtktkakakij ijèé èé` ` fjs fjs a` a`mt mtds ds d js su sujs js p`ss p`ssçv çvdk dkss ie iejs jssk skaki akijè jèôd ôdss ë gj gjtë tërk rkj j i`mtr`vdrtkfj.  J iejsskakijèé` gjks usuje d jtë n`ld rdpdtkfj ë j qud js fkvkfd dg a`mtds gjtdrkjks d a`mtds a`rgjks. _`fdg`s kfdmtkakijr i`g` a`mtd gjtdrkje f` Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen` j i`mfkèé` fd sub`rfkmjèé` dg qud sd dmi`mtrj ` dgprdhjf` mj rdejèé` fd dgprdh` d j fdskhujefjfd gjtdrkje qud js m`rgjs lurçfkijs tdmtjré` i`gpdmsjr. Yé` a`mtds a`rgjks, p`r `utr` ejf`, jqudejs qud vksjg dxprdssjr lurkfkijgdmtd js a`mtds gjtdrkjks, fjmf`-ends ` ijrêitdr fd fkrdkt` p`sktkv`. Dg Jm Jmh` h`ej ej i`ms i`mstktktu tudg dg a` a`mt mtds ds fd rd rdhu huej ejgd gdmt mtjè jèé` é` f` fk fkrd rdktkt` ` j` trjb trjbje jen` n`, qud jssugd ` ijrêitdr vkmiuejmtd, gjs tdg pjrj mùs ` kmtdrdssd dspdikje fd i`mstktukr ug rdadrdmikje bêski` pjrj j fdtdrgkmjèé` f` i`mt i` mtdü düf` f`,, dxtd dxtdms msé` é` d ekgk ekgktd tdss f`s f`s fkrd fkrdktkt`s `s aumf aumfjg jgdm dmtj tjks ks i` i`ms mstkt tktui uik` k`mj mjeg egdm dmtd td i`msjhrjf`s. @ _jit` Kmtdrmjik`mje s`brd `s Fkrdkt`s Ikvks d _`eçtki`s, i`mieuçf` dg M`vj K`rqud, dg :;81. (jrts. >¼ d 22¼)

B. J i`mvd i`mvdmèé` mèé` fj fj @rhjmkzjèé` @rhjmkzjèé` Kmtdrmjik`mje Kmtdrmjik`mje fd Vrjbjen` (@KV)  Js prkmikpjks a`mtds kmtdrmjik`mjks fd Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen` p`rtuhuìs sé` js i`mvdmèôds idedbrjfjs idedbrjfjs s`b `s juspçik`s fj @rhjmkzjèé` Kmtdrmjik`mje f` Vrjbjen`.  Jmtds fd gjks< ` qud ë j @rhjmkzjèé` Kmtdrmjik`mje fd Vrjbjen`0 Aumfjfj dg :;:;, i`g i` g j pjz pjz fd Qdrs Qdrsjk jkeed eeds, s, mj ùr ùrbk bktj tj fj Y` Y`ik ikdf dfjf jfd d fj fjss Mj Mjèô èôds ds,, j @r @rhj hjmk mkzj zjèé èé` ` Kmtdrmjik`mje fd Vrjbjen` pjss`u j sdr, jpùs j 2ª Hudrrj Gumfkje, ugj jhìmikj dspdikjekzjfj fj @rhjmkzjèé` fjs Mjèôds Tmkfjs. Vrjtj-sd fd ugj `rhjmkzjèé` trkpjrtkfj ’ qudr fkzdr< mdej tìg jssdmt`s rdprdsdmtjmtds f`s h`vdrm`s, fjs dmtkfjfds pjtr`mjks d f`s trjbjenjf`rds.

:.2.9. I`maekt` fjs m`rgjs rdhuejf`rjs fjs rdejèôds rdejèôds lu lurçfki` rçfki` ’ ejb`rje.  J jpekijèé` fjs a`mtds gdmik`mjfjs m` jrtkh` ;¼ fj Edk Hdrje f` Vrjbjen` sdhud ` prkmiçpk` fj nkdrjrqukj f`s jit`s m`rgjtkv`s. Dg ijs` fd i`maekt` dmtrd js fksp`skèôds fd vêrkjs a`mtds, prdvjedid j s`euèé` qud, m` sdu i`mlumt` d m` qud rdspdktj js 1

 

fksp`skèôds qujmtkakiêvdks, sd g`strjr gjks ajv`rêvde j` trjbjenjf`r, sjev` sd js fksp fksp`s `skè kèôd ôdss fd mç mçvd vdee su supd pdrk` rk`rr a` a`rd rdg g kgpd kgpdrj rjtktkvj vjs. s. @s us us`s `s d i` i`st stug ugds ds sù sé sé` ` jpekiêvdks m` ijs` fd ajetj fd m`rgjs edhjks `u i`mvdmik`mjks `u p`r rdgkssé` fdstjs.

:. :.9. 9.

_RKM _RKMIÇ IÇ_K _K@Y @Y F@ FKRD FKRDKV KV@ @ F@ F@ VRJ VRJBJ BJEN EN@. @.

_`fdg`s, dg vkrtufd fdstds prkmiçpk`s dsiejrdidr fd ugj vdz p`r t`fjs qud ` Fkrdkt` f` trjbjen` ë ug rjg` jutùm`g` f` fkrdkt`, p`ks j jpekijèé` subskfkêrkj, guktjs vdzds usjfj, trjzdmf` m`rgjs pr`idssujks d tjgbëg fd fkrdkt` gjtdrkje ikvke, mé` t`rmj ` fkrd fkrdkt` kt` ds dspd pdik ikje jekz kzjf jf` ` fd fdpd pdmf mfdm dmtd td f` fkrd fkrdktkt` ` i` i`gu gug, g, js jssk skg g i` i`g` g` sd sdus us rjg` rjg`ss pr`idssujks, p`ks js m`rgjs ï sdrdg jpekijfjs fdvdg sdr jg`efjfjs j`s prkmiçpk`s qud m`rtdkjg ` fkrdkt` f` trjbjen`, tr jbjen`, s`b pdmj fd hrjvds dsi`rkjèôds. Tg rjg` ë jutùm`g`, p`ks, mé` dg vkrtufd fd ugj `u `utrj jpekijèé`, gjs skg p`r  tdr prkmiçpk`s pdiuekjrds, ` qud iejrjgdmtd vdg`s m` fkrdkt` ejb`rje, i`g` j sdhukr sd fdg`mstrjrê<

:.9.:.. _rkmiçpk` :.9.: _rkmiçpk` fj krr krrdmum dmumikjbk ikjbkekfjf ekfjfdd fd fkrdkt`s fkrdkt`s @ Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen` ë prddminkf` mj suj gjk`rkj p`r m`rgjs fd i`mtdüf` gçmkg`, qud fdtdrgkmjg `s ekgktds gçmkg`s fjs i`mfkèôds fd rdtrkbukèé` d prdstjèé` fd trjbjen` jtrkbuçfjs j`s trjbjenjf`rds. M` rdspdktjmtd ï krrdmumikjbkekfjfd fd fkrdkt`s pr`prkjgdmtd fktj, dstj dstê rdejik`mjfj i`g j p`sskbkekfjfd f` trjbjenjf`r p`fdr, ï pjrtkfj, m` âgbkt` fj suj jut`m`gkj i`mtrjtuje qud j edk end i`madrd, rdmumikjr j fkrdkt`s edhjegdmtd i`msjhrjf`s dg prdidkt`s kgpdrjtkv`s, i`g ` `blditkv` fd gjmtdr  ` sdu sustdmt`. @ prkmiçpk` fj krrdmumikjbkekfjfd fd fkrdkt`s dstê i`msjhrjf` dg Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen`. Dssj krrdmumikjbkekfjfd dstê i`msjhrjfj, tdmf` fdsfd e`h` i`g` p`mt` fd rdadrìmikj ` kmçik` fj rdejèé` ejb`rje. Dstê i`msjhrjf` j prk`rk d tjgbëg j p`stdrk`rk . E`h` jmtds fd sd kmkikjr j rdejèé` ejb`rje, j edk pr`çbd qud ` trjbjenjf`r, m` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` rdmumikd j fkrdkt`s i`msjhrjf`s dg m`rgjs fd ijrêitdr kgpdrjtkv`. Rdejtkvjgdmtd ï i`msjhrjèé` fj krrdmumikjbkekfjfd j p`stdrk`rk , kst` ë, jpùs ` kmçik` fj rdejèé` ejb`rje, dej rdtkrj-sd fd f`ks jspdit`s. _`r ug ejf` ` edhksejf`r tdg ` iukfjf` fd rdadrkr rdejtkvjgdmtd j idrt`s fkrdkt`s f` trjbjenjf`r qud sd trjtjg fd fkrdkt`s krrdmumikêvdks. Ë, p`r dxdgpe`, ` ijs` f` fkrdkt` 8

 

ïs aërkjs (:8;¼ m¼2 fj EHV) qud ë krrdmumikêvde d ` sdu h`z` daditkv` mé` p`fd sdr  subs su bstktktu tuçf çf`, `, a` a`rj rj f`s f`s ij ijs` s`ss dxpr dxprds dssj sjgd gdmt mtd d prdv prdvks kst` t`ss mj ed edk,k, p` p`rr qu quje jequ qudr  dr  i`gpdmsjèé` i`gpdmsjèé ` di`mùgkij `u `utrj, jkmfj qud i`g ` ji`rf` f` trjbjenjf`r.³. Dstj krrdmumikjbkekfjfd fd fkrdkt`s, m` dmtjmt`, mé` fdvd sdr dmijrjfj dg tdrg`s jbs`eut`s. Fdvd sdr dmijrjfj, jmtds, i`g jehugj g`fdrjèé`. J krrdmumikjbkekfjfd fkz rdspdkt` j fkrdkt`s qud sé` dxkhkf`s prdvkjgdmtd, `u sdlj, fkrdkt`s vkmidmf`s. Ë ùbvk` qud ` trjbjenjf`r p`fd jbfkijr fd fkrdkt`s vdmikf`s, p`rqud fdvkjg tdr skf` iugprkf`s mug fdtdrgkmjf` prjz` qud lê akmf`u. J edk dstjbdedidu gdijmksg`s pjrj qud ` trjbjenjf`r p`ssj rdjhkr i`mtrj, p`r dxdgpe`, `s sjeêrk`s dg jtrjs`, sdg i`rrdr  ` rksi` fd vdr dxpkrjf` ` prjz` pjrj ` sdu pjhjgdmt`. Dg i`mieusé`, qujmf` sd rdadrd j krrdmumikjbkekfjfd fd fkrdkt`s, dstê-sd j pdmsjr dg fkrdkt`s pjrj ` autur` (vkmidmf`s) d mé` `s lê vdmikf`s. _`r `utr` ejf` js m`rgjs fd Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen`, trjfkik`mjegdmtd sé` m`rgjs khujks ïs `utrjs, gjs i`g jehugjs mujmids d, p`rtjmt`, s`brd dejs vkh`rj tjgbëg ` prkmiçpk` fj krrdtr`jitkvkfjfd. M` dmtjmt`, dxkstd dg Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen` ugj dxidpèé`<

:.9.2.. _rkmiçpk` :.9.2 _rkmiçpk` fj krrdtr krrdtr`jitk `jitkvkfjf vkfjfdd fj edhksejèé` edhksejèé` ejb ejb`rje `rje Dg n`gdmjhdg j` prkmiçpk` f` trjtjgdmt` gjks ajv`rêvde j` trjbjenjf`r. Fdstd g`f`, ë pdrgktkfj j rdtr`jitkvkfjfd fjs tjbdejs sjejrkjks i`mtkfjs dg i`mvdmèôds i`edi i` editkv tkvjs js fd trj trjbj bjen` en`.. Dst Dstjs js i`mtìg i`mtìg p`r ji`rf` ji`rf` dmtrd dmtrd js pjrtds pjrtds,, js rdh rdhrjs rjs fd prdstjèé` d rdtrkbukèé` mug fdtdrgkmjf` sdit`r `u dgprdsj. Dstds ji`rf`s p`ssudg tjbdejs sjejrkjks fjs vêrkjs ijtdh`rkjs, qud fdvdg sdr jmujegdmtd jfdqujfjs j`s çmfkids fd i`rrdièé` g`mdtêrkj. Gjs ` qud sd vdrkakij ë qud dstj i`rrdièé` fjs tjbdejs sjejrkjks pr`e`mhj-sd jtë gdk` f` jm`. Jfgktd-sd, p`rtjmt`, qud js tjbdejs sjejrkjks sdljg jpekijfjs fdsfd ` kmçik` f` jm`. _`fdg`s, dmté` fkzdr qud dg Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen` vkh`rj ugj krrdtr`jitkvkfjfd gktkhjfj, p`rqud jfgktd ugj dxidpèé`.

:.9.9. _rkmiçpk` f` ttrjtjgdmt` rjtjgdmt` gjks ajv`rêvde ajv`rêvde pjrj ` trjb trjbjenjf`r< jenjf`r< Mçvdks fd kmikfìmikj f` prkmiçpk` f` trjtjgdmt` gjks ajv`rêvde pjrj ` trjbjenjf`r< 

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 Jpekijèé` fd m`rgjs m`rgjs fd nkdrjrqukj fkadrdmtd3 Kmtdrprdtjèé` fd m`rgjs fd Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen` ‖ qujmf` j edk mé` ë iejrj `u `gks `g kssj sj,, ` rd rdiu iurs rs` ` j` pr prkm kmiç içpk pk` ` sdrv sdrvd d pj pjrj rj prds prdsug ugkr kr qu qud d js m` m`rg rgjs js qu qud d susiktjg füvkfjs tìg ug i`mtdüf` gçmkg`3 >

 



_rkmiçpk` fj krrdmumikjbkekfjfd fd fkrdkt`s3

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I`mi`rrìmikj d suidssé` fd i`mvdmèôds i`editkvjs fd trjbjen`.

IJ_ÇVTE@ KK. I@MVRJV@ F@ VRJBJEN@ 2. 2.:. :.

@ i` i`mt mtrj rjt` t` km kmfk fkvk vkfu fuje je fd ttrj rjbj bjen en`< `< m`è m`èé` é` edh edhje je

@ Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen` tdg ` sdu ijgp` fd jitujèé` fdekgktjf` pdej sktujèé` fd trjbjen` sub`rfkmjf`. D dstj fdekgktjèé` ë adktj dg tdrg`s prêtki`s pdej i`ma`rgjèé` fd ug idrt` tkp` fd i`mtrjt` qud ë jquded dg qud sd aumfj j prdstjèé` fd tje g`fj g` fjekekfj fjfd fd fd trjbj trjbjen en`< `< tr trjt jtjj-sd sd f` i`mt i`mtrj rjt` t` km kmfk fkvk vkfu fuje je fd trjb trjbje jen` n` `u `u,, gj gjks ks i`rrdmtdgdmtd, i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen`.

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2. 2.:. :.:. :. Fdak Fdakmk mkèé èé` ` @ i`midkt` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` ë fdakmkf` pdej edk d pdej f`utrkmj.

J. Fdakmk Fdakmkèé` èé` f`utr f`utrkmj kmjee d edhje @ edhksejf`r jmh`ejm` fdakmd ` i`mtrjt` f` trjbjen` m` jrtkh` 9¼ fj Edk hdrje f` Vrjbjen` i`g` sdmf`< jquded pde` quje ug trjbjenjf`r sd `brkhj j i`e`ijr j suj jitktkvk ji vkfj fjfd fd pr pr`a `aks kssk sk`m `mje je j fk fksp sp`s `skè kèé` é` fu fug g dg dgpr prdh dhjf jf`r `r,, fd fdmt mtr` r` f` Âg Âgbk bkt` t` fj `rhjmkzjèé` d s`b j fkrdièé` d jut`rkfjfd fdstd, tdmf` i`g` i`mtrjpjrtkfj ugj rdgumdrjèé`.  J f`utrkmj fdakmd ` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` i`g` ug mdhùik` lurçfki` dxprdss` `u têikt` gdfkjmtd ` quje ugj pdss`j mjturje `brkhj-sd pdrjmtd pdss`j mjturje, lurçfkij `u dmtd fdspdrs`mkakijf` j ugj prdstjèé` pdss`je, mé`-dvdmtuje, sub`rfkmjfj d `mdr`sj fd sdrvkè`s.

B. Dedgdmt`s Dedgdmt`s f` i` i`mtrjt mtrjt` ` f` trjbjen` trjbjen` Dedgdmt`s dssdmikjks sé` `s kmfkspdmsêvdks ï a`rgjèé` f` i`mtrjt`, sdmf` qud suj jusìmikj p`fd edvjr j muekfjfd f` i`mtrjt`. Dedgdmt`s mjturjks sé` jqudeds qud, jpdsjr fd mé` sdrdg kgprdsikmfçvdks, qujsd sdgprd dsté` prdsdmtds m`s i`mtrjt`s.  J rdejèé` ejb`rje sù surhd qujmf` nê j rdumké` f`s dedgdmt`s sdhukmtds, prdstjèé` fd trjbjen` fd pdss`j açskij j `utrdg, prdstjèé` kmtukt` pdrs`mjd, `mdr`skfjfd, mé`dvdmt dv dmtuje ujekfj kfjfd fd d su sub`r b`rfkm fkmjèé jèé`. `. M` qu qujfr jfr` ` Jtr Jtrjvë jvëss fj fda fdakmk kmkèé` èé` ji jikgj kgj,, p` p`fdfd-sd sd jakrgjr qujks sé` `s dedgdmt`s dssìmikjs fj rdejèé` lurçfki` ’ ejb`rje. @s dedgdmt`s sé`< j sub`rfkmjèé` lurçfkij d j rdtrkbukèé`. j. Yub`r Yub`rfkm fkmjèé jèé` ` lur lurçfk çfkij ij d _jrj qud sd rdi`mndèj j dxkstìmikj fd ug i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen`, ë aumfjgdmtje qud, mj sktujèé` i`mirdtj, `i`rrjg js ijrjitdrçstkijs fj sub`rfkmjèé` lurçfkij p`r pjrtd f` trjbjenjf`r. _`fd gdsg` fkzdr-sd qud, fd pjridrkj i`g j `brkhjèé` rdtrkbutkvj, rdskfd mjquded dedgdmt` ` prkmikpje irktërk` fd qujekakijèé` f` sjejrkje i`g` `blditkv` f` Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen`.  J sub`rfkmjèé` lurçfkij i`mskstd mugj rdejèé` fd fdpdmfìmikj mdidssêrkj fj i`mfutj pdss`je f` trjbjenjf`r mj dxdiuèé` f` i`mtrjt` ajid ïs `rfdms, rdhrjs `u `rkdmtjèôds fktjfjs pde` dgprdhjf`r, fdmtr` f`s ekgktds f` gdsg` i`mtrjt` d fjs m`rgjs qud ` rdhdg. :?

 

 J sub`rfkmjèé` kgpekij ug fdvdr fd `bdfkìmikj pjrj ` trjbjenjf`r qud ë qud dxprdssjgdmtd i`msjhrjf` m` jrt. 9¼ EHV (i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` d jquded pde` quje ugj pdss`j sd `brkhj, gdfkjmtd rdtrkbukèé`, j prdstjr j suj jitkvkfjfd kmtdedituje `u gjmuje j `utrj pdss`j, s`b j jut`rkfjfd d fkrdièé` fdstj) m` jspdit` i`mskfdrjf`. @ trjbjenjf`r fdvd ―`bdfdidr ï dmtkfjfd pjtr`mje dg tuf` ` qud rdspdktd ï dxdiuèé` d fksikpekmj f` trjbjen`, sjev` mj gdfkfj dg qud js `rfdms d kmstruèôds fjqudej sd g`strdg i`mtrêrkjs j`s sdus fkrdkt`s d hjrjmtkjs‗. Jfgktd-sd, p`rtjmt`, j p`sskbkekfjfd fd ugj fds`bdfkìmikj edhçtkgj ’ ` qud kgpekij j kfdkj fd qud dxkstd ugj êrdj fdgjrijfj fd sub`rfkmjèé` d fd qud ` p`fdr pjtr`mje tdg ekgktds akxjf`s pdej prùprkj edk d pde`s kmstrugdmt`s rdhuejgdmtjrds fd hrju kmadrk`r. b. Rdtr Rdtrkb kbuk ukèé èé`. `. Ë ` de dedg dgdm dmt` t` dssd dssdmi mikj kjee f` i` i`mt mtrj rjt` t` kmfk kmfkvk vkfu fuje je fd trjb trjbje jen` n` qu qud, d, dg tr`i tr`ij j fj fksp`mkbkekfjfd fj a`rèj fd trjbjen`, sdlj fdvkfj j` trjbjenjf`r ugj rdtrkbukèé`, m`rgjegdmtd dg fkmndkr`. Rdgumdrjèé`< d ` i`mlumt` fjs prdstjèôds di`mùgkijs fdvkfjs p`r ug dgprdhjf`r j ug trjbjenjf`r dg i`mtrjpjrtkfj f` trjbjen` p`r dstd prdstjf` d dg rdejèé` j`s pdrç`f`s fd fdsijms` edhjegdmtd dqukvjedmtd j prdstjèé` fd trjbjen`. (jrt. 9¼, m¼24 d :44¼fj EHV).  Jm`td-sd, p`r `utr` ejf`, qud ` tdrg` rdtrkbukèé` mé` ë ` ümki` usjf` pjrj fdskhmjr j prdstjèé` fdvkfj pdej dmtkfjfd pjtr`mje.

2.:.2.. @bldit` 2.:.2 @bldit` f` i`mtr i`mtrjt`< jt`< j jitkvk jitkvkfjfd fjfd f` trjbjen trjbjenjf`r  jf`r  Dxkst Dx kstdg dg sktuj sktujèôd èôdss dg qud ` prùprk prùprk` ` `b `bldi ldit` t` f` i`m i`mtrj trjt` t` jpj jpjrdi rdid d fda fdakmk kmkf` f` sdg rdadrìmikj kgdfkjtj j ugj i`mirdtj jitkvkfjfd, m` sdmtkf` fd i`mlumt` `u sërkd fd jit`s i`g dxprdssé` açskij. @ i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` i`madrd j` trjbjenjf`r ` fkrdkt` j `iupjr tdg p`st` fd trjbjen` dg i`ma`rgkfjfd i`g j edk d js i`mvdmèôds i`editkvjs fd trjbjen`, end `brkhj js aumèôds d tjrdajs kmdrdmtds j` p`st` fd trjbjen` dg qud a`k i`e`ijf` fd ji`rf` i`g ` qujekakijf`r `iupjik`mje d j `bsdrvjr j fksikpekmj ejb`rje d `s fdgjks fdvdrds fdi`rrdmtds fj rdejèé` lurçfki`-ejb`rje. D pjrj ` dgprdhjf`r ` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` `brkhj end j jtrkbukr j` trjbjenjf`r ugj ijtdh`rkj `iupjik`mje d ugj iejsskakijèé` pr`akssk`mje jfdqujfj js aumèôds d tjrdajs kmdrdmtds j` p`st` fd trjbjen`, j jssdhurjr-end `iupjèé` daditkvj, j pjhjr-end ug sjeêrk` sdhumf` ` sdu trjbjen` d js fksp`skèôds edhjks d i`mvdmik`mjks jpekiêvdks d j irkjr js i`mfkèôds

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mdidssêrkjs pjrj j `btdmèé` fd gjk`r pr`futkvkfjfd d pjrj j pr`g`èé` nugjmj d s`ikje f` trjbjenjf`r. (Jrt. :6¼EHV)

2.:.9.. Yuldkt`s< 2.:.9 Yuldkt`s< ` trjb trjbjenjf jenjf`r `r d j dmtkfjfd dgprdh dgprdhjf`r jf`rjj Mj tdrgkm`e`hkj edhje gjks utkekzjfj dmtrd mùs, `s suldkt`s f` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` fdskhmjg-sd p`r trjbjenjf`r d dmtkfjfd dgprdhjf`rj. F` p`mt` fd vkstj f` Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen`, ` trjbjenjf`r ë jpdmjs jquded qud, p`r i`mtrjt`, i`e`ij j suj a`rèj fd trjbjen` ï fksp`skèé` fd `utrdg, gdfkjmtd rdtrkbukèé`. Dmtkfjfd pjtr`mje, dgprdhjf`r `u dmtkfjfd dgprdhjf`rj ë j pdss`j kmfkvkfuje `u i`editkvj qud, p`r i`mtrjt`, jfqukrd ` p`fdr fd fksp`r fj a`rèj fd trjbjen` fd `utrdg, m` âgbkt` fd ugj dgprdsj `u mé`, gdfkjmtd ` pjhjgdmt` fd ugj rdtrkbukèé`.  J ijpjikfjfd pjrj idedbrjr i`mtrjt`s fd trjbjen`, dg prkmiçpk`, sdhud ` rdhkgd hdrje f` fkrdkt` ikvke ’ jrt.¼. :9¼. EHV, g`rgdmtd `s jrt.¼. :22¼ d ss. II. Js ekgktjèôds fj Edk Hdrje f` trjbjen` pjrj j idedbrjèé` fd i`mtrjt`s fd trjbjen` idmtrjg, s`brdtuf`< ¸ Kfjfd, _`ssd fd ijrtdkrj pr`akssk`mje.

J. @ trj trjbj bjen enjf jf`r `r.. j. Fdakmkèé` Vrjb Vrjbje jenj njf` f`rr ë t` t`fj fj j pd pdss ss`j `j skmh skmhue uejr jr,, mjik mjik`m `mje je `u ds dstrj trjmh mhdk dkrj rj rdsk rdskfd fdmt mtd, d, qu qud d v`eu v` eumt mtjr jrkj kjgd gdmt mtd d sd `brk `brkhj hj j i`e` i`e`ij ijrr j suj suj ji jitktkvk vkfj fjfd fd pr`a pr`aks kssk sk`m `mje je,, gd gdfk fkjm jmtd td rdgu rdgumd mdrj rjèé èé`, `, j` sdrv sdrvkè kè` ` fug fug dg dgpr prdh dhjf jf`r `r,, m` âg âgbk bkt` t` fj `rhj `rhjmk mkzj zjèé èé` ` d s` s`b b j jut`rkfjfd d fkrdièé` fdstd. Jrt. 9¼ m¼ 28 EHV. b. @s fdv fdvdrd drdss f f` ` tr trjb jbjen jenjf` jf`r  r  @ suldkt` ejb`rje trjbjenjf`r, tdg fdvdrds i`g dmtkfjfd dgprdhjf`rj. Dssds fdvdrds sé` dmugdrjf`s m` jrtkh` 66ª fj EHV. Yé` fdvdrds f` trjbjenjf`r, sdmf` ugj dxprdssé` f` prkmiçpk` fj b`j-aë m`gdjfjgdmtd ` fd mdh`ikjr p`r i`mtj prùprkj `u jendkj dg i`mi`rrìmikj i`g ` dgprdhjf`r (fdvdr fd mé` i`mi`rrìmikj)3 Fdvdr fd skhke` ’ Mé` fkvuehj kma`rgjèôds qujmt` ï suj `rhjmkzjèé`, gët`f`s, fdvdr fd b`j dxdiuèé` fj prdstjèé`, fdvdr fd `bdfkìmikj fd ikvkekfjfd, i`rtdskj, fdekijfdzj dti. i. Fkrd Fkrdkt` kt`ss f` ttrj rjbj bjen enjf jf`r  `r  Yé` fkrdkt` f` trjbjenjf`r pjrj jeëg f`s qud sé` i`mskfdrjf`s fkrdkt`s aumfjgdmtjks prdvkst`s m` jrtkh` 8 d `utr`s dstjbdedikf`s mdstj Edk, mjs i`mvdmèôds i`editkvjs fd :2

 

trjbjen` d m` i`mtrjt` kmfkvkfuje fd trjbjen`, j` trjbjenjf`r sé` jssdhurjf`s `s sdhukmtds fkrdkt`s< fkrdkt` j dstjbkekfjfd f` dgprdh`, @ fkrdkt` fd `iupjèé` daditkvj ’ jrt.¼ 91¼ b), ` qud skhmkakij qud ` trjbjenjf`r tdg fkrdkt` j trjbjenjr, mé` p`fdmf` ` dgprdhjf`r `p`r-sd. Jitujegdmtd dstd fkrdkt` ï `iupjèé` daditkvj ë i`mskfdrjf` bjstjmtd kgp`rtjmtd, sdmf` ug fkrdkt` aumfjgdmtje f`s trjbjenjf`rds. Js ijtdh`rkjs pr`akssk`mjks dstjbdedidg js aumèôds pjrj js qujks ` trjbjenjf`r ë i`mtrjtjf`, mé` sdmf sd mf` ` `b `brk rkhj hjf` f` j fd fdsd sdgp gpdm dmnj njrr `utr `utrjs js aumè aumèôd ôds. s. Fkrd Fkrdktkt` ` fd sdr sdr trjt trjtjf jf` ` i` i`g g i`mskfdrjèé` d i`g rdspdkt` pdej suj kmtdhrkfjfd d fkhmkfjfd3 Fkrdkt` j` sjeêrk` i`mfkhm`, lust`, p`mtuje d jfdqujf` j` sdu trjbjen`, fkrdkt` ê b`j i`mfkèôds fd trjbjen`, dti. (jrt. 69¼EHV).

B. J dmtkf dmtkfjfd jfd ddgpr gprdhj dhjf` f`rj rj j. Fda dakm kmkè kèé é`  J dmtkfjfd dgprdhjf`rj dgprdhjf`rj `u dgprdhjf`r dgprdhjf`r ë t`fj j pdss`j skmhuejr, skmhuejr, i`editkvj, fd fkrdkt` pubeki pube ki` ` `u pr prkv kvjf jf`, `, qud qud `r `rhj hjmk mkzj zj,, fk fkrk rkhd hd d rdid rdidbd bd ` trjb trjbje jen` n` fd ug `u gjks gjks trjbjenjf`rds, trjtd-sd fd dgprdsj gkstj, prkvjfj `u i``pdrjtkvj `u fd `rhjmkzjèé` s`ikje. Jrt 9¼ m¼ :6 EHV b. Fkrd Fkrdkt` kt`ss f` dg dgpr prdh dhjf jf`r  `r  M` qud rdspdktj `s fkrdkt`s f` dgprdhjf`r fksikpekmj f` trjbjen` p`fd ` drmprdhjf`r, dg dspdikje< jf`ptjr js gdfkfjs i`mskfdrjfjs mdidssêrkjs fd vkhkeâmikj d i`mtr`e` pjrj vdrkakijr ` iugprkgdmt` fjs `brkhjèôds d fdvdrds ejb`rjks, jssdhurjmf` mj suj jf`pèé` d jpekijèé` j i`mskfdrjèé` fdvkfj j fkhmkfjfd f`s trjbjenjf`rds d tdmf` dg jtdmèé` j ijpjikfjfd daditkvj fd trjbjen`3 vdrkakijr, dg ijs` fd mdidsskfjfd, ` dstjf` fd f`dmèj d fd jikfdmtd `u `utr`s g`tkv`s jprdsdmtjf`s pjrj lustkakijèé` fjs jusìmikjs f` sdrvkè`. (Jrt. 6?¼ EHV) i. Fkrd Fkrdkt` kt` f` dgpr dgprdh dhjf jf`r  `r  Yé` Yé ` fd fdvd vdrd rdss f` dgpr dgprdh dhjf jf`r `r (fdz`kt`) jm`s. J rdejèé` lurçfki`-ejb`rje dstjbdedikfj i`g gdm`rds fd kfjfd ë vêekfj fdsfd qud jut`rkzjf`s pde` rdprdsdmtjmtd edhje `u mj suj ajetj pde` Idmtr` fd Dgprdh` `u kmstktukèé` (kfùmdj jrtkh` :9¼ EHV) 2. 2.2. 2.

I` I`mt mtrj rjt` t` f` tr trjb jbje jen` n` ` d Ak Akhu hurj rjss jakm jakmss

 J prdstjèé` fd trjbjen` sub`rfkmjf`, i`mstktukmf` ` `bldit` prùprk` f` Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen`, fkadrdmikj-sd f` trjbjen` jutùm`g` d, e`h`, f`s i`mtrjt`s fd prdstjèé` fd sdrvkè` prdvkst`s m` Iùfkh` Ikvke< gjmfjt`, fdpùskt`, d dgprdktjfj.

2.2.:.. I`mtrjt` 2.2.: I`mtrjt` fd fd prdstjèé` prdstjèé` f fdd sdrvkè`s sdrvkè`s @ tkp` fd i`mtrjt` dspdikakijgdmtd fdstkmjf` j i`brkr ` trjbjen` sub`rfkmjf` ë ` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen`. Ded jpjrdid fdakmkf` m` jrt. ::42¼ II (i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` ë jqud jq uded ed pde` pde` quje quje ugj ugj pd pdss ss`j `j sd `brk `brkhj hj,, gd gdfk fkjm jmtd td rdtrk rdtrkbu bukè kèé` é`,, j prds prdstj tjrr j su suj j jitkvkfjfd kmtdedituje `u gjmuje j `utrj pdss`j, s`b j jut`rkfjfd d fkrdièé` fdstj). @ edhksejf`r ikvke j jirdsidmtjr, jrt. ::49¼ II (@ i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` dstê suldkt` j edhksejèé` dspdikje), qud akijrê suldkt` j rdhkgd dspdikje. E`h` fdp`ks, m` jrt. ::46¼ II, kmtr`fuz-sd i`g dadkt` j m`èé` f` ―i`mtrjt` fd prdstjèé` fd sdrvkè`s‗, mdstds tdrg`s< ―jquded dg qud ugj fjs pjrtds sd `brkhj j pr`p`rik`mjr ï `utrj idrt` rdsuetjf` f` sdu trjbjen` kmtdedituje `u gjmuje, i`g `u sdg rdtrkbukèé`‗. Jvuetj, mdstd dmumikjf`, j i`mtrjp`skèé` aumfjgdmtje f` rdsuetjf` f` trjbjen` ï jitkvkfjfd, dg sk gdsgj, qud ijrjitdrkzj ` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen`. :6

 

 J dxtdrk`rkfjfd f`s gdk`s utkekzjf`s, rdejtkvjgdmtd ï vkmiuejèé` f` prdstjf`r fd sdrvkè`, p`fd mé` sdr jbs`eutj ’ d fjç qud, gjks ugj vdz, ` irktërk` aumfjf` mj fkstkmèé` dmtrd `brkhjèôds fd rdsuetjf` sd rdvkstj fd m`tùrkj rdejtkvkfjfd mj fkstkmèé` dmtrd i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` d i`mtrjt` fd prdstjèé` fd sdrvkè`. _`fd fjr-sd ` ijs` fd ` trj trjbj bjenj enjf`r f`r jut jutùm` ùm`g` g` sd dm dmi`m i`mtrj trjrr i`mtrj i`mtrjtuj tujegd egdmtd mtd `br `brkhj khjf` f` j utk utkekz ekzjr jr idr idrt`s t`s gjtdrkjks, `u j sdhukr ug fjf` g`fde` `u akhurkm`, `u jtë j rdjekzjr pdss`jegdmtd j jitkvkfjfd mdidssêrkj ï i`msdiuèé` f` rdsuetjf`. Gjs trjtjr-sd-ê dmté` fd i`mfkèôds i`mtrjtujegdmtd dstjbdedikfjs, dstjbdedikfjs, aumfjfjs m` i`msdms` fjs pjrtds d mé` mj jut`rkfjfd fkrditkvj (suprj`rfdmjèé`) fd ugj pdrjmtd j `utrj. Fdmtr` f`s ekgktds trjèjf`s pdejs dstkpuejèôds i`mtrjtujks, j dsi`enj f`s gdk`s d pr`idss`s j utkekzjr, bdg i`g` j suj `rhjmkzjèé` m` tdgp` d m` dspjè`, ijbd j` prdstjf`r fd sdrvkè`. I`ma`rgd kmfkij ` jrt. ::44¼ II (` gjmfjt`, ` fdpùskt` d j dgprdktjfj, rdhuejf`s m`s ijpçtue`s subsdqudmtds, sé` g`fjekfjfds f` i`mtrjt` fd prdstjèé` fd sdrvkè`), sé` g`fjekfjfds f` i`mtrjt` fd prdstjèé` fd sdrvkè` ` gjmfjt`, ` fdpùskt` d j dgprdktjfj. D dstds tkp`s i`mtrjtujks jpjrdidg fdakmkf`s d rdhuejf`s mjs fksp`skèôds subsdqudmtds.

2. 2.2. 2.2. 2. Gjmf Gjmfjt jt` ` @ i`mtrjt` fd gjmfjt`, ë jquded pde` quje ugj fjs pjrtds sd `brkhj j prjtkijr ug `u gjks jit`s lurçfki`s p`r i`mtj fj `utrj (jrt. ::48¼ II) d prdsugd-sd hrjtukt` sjev` sd `s jit`s j prjtkijr a`rdg prùprk`s fj pr`akssé` f` gjmfjtêrk` (jrt. ::4>¼/: II).  Jvuetj jquk j mjturdzj f` sdrvkè` j prdstjr< trjtj-sd fd jit`s lurçfki`s `u sdlj, jit`s pr`futkv`s fd dadkt`s lurçfki`s, dadkt`s dssds qud kmtdrdssjg j` gjmfjmtd, d qud, njvdmf` njvdmf ` prë prëvkj vkj jtrkbu jtrkbukèé kèé` ` fd p`f p`fdrd drdss fd rdp rdprds rdsdmt dmtjèé jèé` ` j` gjm gjmfjt fjtêrk êrk`, `, sd vé` kgdfkjtjgdmtd pr`fuzkr mj dsadrj lurçfkij f` gdsg` gjmfjmtd, i`g` sd a`ssd ded j prjtkijr.

2. 2.2. 2.9. 9. Fdpù Fdpùsk skt` t` @ i`mtrjt` fd fdpùskt`, ë jquded pde` quje ―ugj fjs pjrtds dmtrdhj ï `utrj ugj i`ksj, gùvde `u kgùvde, pjrj qud j hujrfd, d j rdstktuj qujmf` a`r dxkhkfj‗ (jrt. ::>4¼ II), prdsugkmf`-sd hrjtukt`, kst` ë, sdg rdgumdrjèé` f` fdp`sktêrk`, dxidpt` sd dstd akzdr fkss` j suj pr`akssé` (jrt. ::>1¼ II).

:4

 

2. 2.2. 2.6. 6. Dgpr Dgprdk dktj tjfj fj @ i`mtrjt` fd dgprdktjfj, p`rvdmturj jtë j gjks kgp`rtjmtd, qudr pdej suj ardquìmikj rdje, qudr pdej pr`xkgkfjfd qud, mjehugjs fjs sujs a`rgjs i`mirdtjs, ded g`strj rdejtkvjgdmtd j` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen`. J edk fdakmd-` f` sdhukmtd g`f` (jrt. :2?8¼ II d 29¼ EHV)< ―dgprdktjfj ë ` i`mtrjt` pde` quje ugj fjs pjrtds sd `brkhj dg rdejèé` ï `utrj j rdjekzjr idrtj `brj, gdfkjmtd ug prdè`‗. Jakrgj-sd jquk, dg tdrg`s gjks i`mirdt`s, j kfdkj fd `brj, kst` ë, fd ―pr`fut`‗ dg qud sd kmi`rp`rj ` trjbjen` d j rdtrkbukèé`, jh`rj lê i`g` dedgdmt` ijrjitdrçstki` f` i`mtrjt`. 2.9.

_rds _rdsumèé umèé` ` fj fj dxkstì dxkstìmikj mikj i`mt i`mtrjt` rjt` fd trjbj trjbjen` en` (jrt¼ :2 f f` ` IV IV))

 J prdsumèé` fj dxkstìmikj dxkstìmikj fd i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` p`fd surhkr fd f`ks pr`bedgjs< pr`bedgjs< ` j i`mskfdrjèé` fj dxkstìmikj fd ug i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` dg sktujèôds qud mé` sd aumfjg dg gjmkadstjèôds dxprdssjs fd v`mtjfd fjs pjrtds, d ` fj qujekakijèé` ejb`rje fd `utrjs sktujèôds, dg qud js fdiejrjèôds fjs pjrtds, `u `utr`s dedgdmt`s kmfkijtkv`s, jp`mtdg pjrj j kfdmtkakijèé` fd `utr` tkp` i`mtrjtuje.  J ikriumstâmikj fd ` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` sdr ug mdhùik` kma`rgje (jrt. :?2 f` IV) d j aeuk aeukfd fdzz f` gdri gdrijf jf` ` fd trjbj trjbjen en` ` i`mf i`mfuz uzdg dg j qu qud, d, js rdej rdejèô èôds ds fd trjb trjbje jen` n` sd dstjbdedèjg, dg gukt`s ijs`s, sdg qud p`ssjg fdtditjr-sd fdiejrjèôds dxprdssjs fd v`mtjfd fjs pjrtds< mj gjk`rkj f`s ijs`s, ` i`mtrjt` jssdmtj dg ugj `u gdsg` fujs gjmkadstjèôds fd v`mtjfd têiktj. _jrj tje dadkt`, sdrvd j fdakmkèé` f` jrt. :?¼ IV< sd, m` ijs` i`mirdt`, dxkstd ugj pdss pd ss`j `j qu qud d pr prds dstj tj j `u `utr trj j j suj suj ji jitktkvk vkfj fjfd fd gj gjmu muje je `u km kmtd tded edit ituj uje,e, gd gdfk fkjm jmtd td rdtrkbukèé`, d dstjmf` j prkgdkrj s`b js `rfdms fj sdhumfj, i`mieuk-sd, gdsg` sdg sup`rtd fdiejrjtkv` dxprdss`, j dxkstìmikj fd ug i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen`. @ dedgdmt` fdtditêvde p`r `bsdrvjèé` f`s ajit`s ’ j dxkstìmikj fd ugj `brkhjèé` qud, fdssj a`rgj, sd iugprd ’ ë sup`st` pde` luehjf`r, jtrjvës fd ug luçz` fd m`rgjekfjfd qud sd trjfuz p`r ugj prdsumèé` lufkikje. Dssd pr`idfkgdmt` ë, fd rdst`, jut`rkzjf` pdej edk (jrt. 94:¼ II). 2.6.. 2.6

@s ―i` ―i`mtr mtrjt` jt`ss dquk dqukpjr pjrjf jf`s‗ `s‗ j` i`mtrj i`mtrjt` t` fd trj trjbj bjen` en`

j) Nê rdej rdejèô èôds ds fd tr trjb jbje jen` n` a` a`rg rgje jegd gdmt mtd d ju jutù tùm` m`g` g` (dg (dg qu qud d ` trjb trjbje jenj njf` f`r  r  jut``rhjmkzj d jut`fdtdrgkmj j jitkvkfjfd dxdrikfj dg pr`vdkt` jendk`) gjs qud sé` gjtdrk gjt drkjeg jegdmt dmtd d prùxkg prùxkgjs js fjs fd trjbje trjbjen` n` sub sub`rf `rfkmj kmjf`, f`, kmf kmfuzk uzkmf` mf` mdi mdidss dsskfj kfjfds fds :1

 

kf kfìm ìmtktkiijs fd pr` r`td tdiièé`. èé`. Yé Yé` ` jqu jqude dejs js dg qu qud d ` trjb trjbj jen enjf jf`r `r sd dm dmii`mtrj mtrj di`m` di `m`gki gkijgd jgdmtd mtd fdpdm fdpdmfdm fdmtd td fj fjqud quded ed qud rdi rdidbd dbd ` pr` pr`fut fut` ` fj suj jit jitkvk kvkfjf fjfd. d. Vdg`s p`r dxdgpe`< j. J f` ―t ―trj rjbj bjen en` ` rd rdje jekz kzjf jf` ` m` f` f`gk gkiç içekek` ` `u dg ds dstj tjbd bded edik ikgd gdmt mt` ` f` trjbjenjf`r‗3 b. Jqudej Jqudej dg qud ` trjb trjbjenjf jenjf`r `r ―i`gp ―i`gprj rj js gjtërkjs-pr gjtërkjs-prkgjs kgjs d a`rm a`rmdid did p`r  idrt` prdè` j` vdmfdf`r fdejs ` pr`fut` jijbjf`‗.(Jrt. 28¼ EHV)  J fdpdmfìmikj di`mùgkij susiktj j` edhksejf`r prd`iupjèôds kfìmtkijs ïs qud sd ekhjg ï sub`rfkmjèé` lurçfkij. J aumèé` i`gpdmsjtùrkj f` Fkrdkt` f` Vrjbjen` ë jquk tjgbëg, s`ekiktjfj. Gjs j vdrfjfd ë qud, j sub`rfkmjèé` lurçfkij i`mtçmuj j sdr j injvd f` `rfdmjgdmt` ejb`rje. 2.4.. 2.4

Ijrjit Ijrjitdrk drkzjè zjèé` é` lurçfki lurçfkij j f` f` i`m i`mtrj trjt` t` fd trj trjbj bjen` en`

2.4.:. 2.4 .:. I`mtrj I`mtrjt` t` skm skmjej jejhgê hgêtki tki` ` Fkzdg-sd skmjejhgêtki`s `u bkejtdrjks `s i`mtrjt`s pde`s qujks ―jgbjs js pjrtds i`mtrjdg `brkhjèôds, njvdmf` dmtrd dejs i`rrdspditkvkfjfd `u mdx` ijusje‗, kst` ë, surhkmf` dmtrd rdikpr`ijgdmtd i`mfkik`mjfjs, sdhumf` j v`mtjfd fjs pjrtds. Jsskg, ijfj ug f`s suldkt`s f` i`mtrjt` sd i`gpr`gdtd j rdjekzjr idrtj prdstjèé` pjrj qud d sd ` `utr` daditkvjr ugj prdstjèé` qud ` prkgdkr` kmtdrdssj. Ë ` qud suidfd m` i`mtrjt` fd i`gprj d vdmfj ’ d m` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen`. (jrt. :2¼ EHV)

2.4.2. 2.4 .2. I`mtrj I`mtrjt` t` i`msdms i`msdmsuje uje _jrj qud idrt`s i`mtrjt`s sdljg vêekf`s, j edk dxkhd qud mj suj idedbrjèé` sdljg `bsdrvjf`s fdtdrgkmjfjs a`rgjekfjfds. Mé` bjstj qud j v`mtjfd f`s suldkt`s sdlj fdiejrjfj p`r qujequdr gdk`< j edk dstjbdedid ―qud j fdiejrjèé` fd v`mtjfd mdh`ikje sù tdg dakiêikj qujmf` rdjekzjfj jtrjvës fd idrt` tkp` fd i`gp`rtjgdmt` `u jièôds fdiejrjtkvjs. Dssd tkp` ë qud i`mstktuk j a`rgj mdh`ikje‗. Zujmf` j edk a`rguej, qujmt` j idrt` i`mtrjt`, ugj tje kgp`skèé` dstê-sd pdrjmtd ug i`mtrjt` a`rgje. (jrt. :4¼ EHV)

2.4.9.. I`mtrjt` 2.4.9 I`mtrjt` furjf`u furjf`ur` r` `u fd dxdiuèé` dxdiuèé` furjf` furjf`urj urj Fj prùprkj m`èé` edhje f` jrt. 9¼ m¼ 9 EHV rdssjetj dstj ijrjitdrçstkij< j `brkhjèé` fj jitkvkfjfd qud ` trjbjenjf`r jssugd kgpekij, fd idrt` g`f`, i`mtkmukfjfd3 j sktujèé` fd sub`rfkmjèé` tdg ijrêitdr furjf`ur`, supôd j kmtdhrjèé` dstêvde fd ugj fjs pjrtds mj `rhjmkzjèé` fd gdk`s prdfksp`stj pdej `utrj. :8

 

M` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen`, ―` tdrg` vjed i`g` dedgdmt` jikfdmtje f` mdhùik`‗, d qud dstd i`mtrjt` sd fdstkmj j pdrfurjr jtë qud `i`rrjg ―fdtdrgkmjfjs ikriumstâmikjs fdiejrjfjs, pdej edk `u pde`s i`mi`rrdmtds, kfùmdjs j dxtkmhukr j rdejèé` qud ded fksikpekmjr‗.  J dxtkmèé` f` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` rdsuetjrê p`ks, ijrjitdrkstkijgdmtd, f` jpjrdikgdmt` fd idrtjs sktujèôds fd ajit` m` fdsdmv`evkgdmt` fjs rdejèôds dmtrd js pjrtds, sktujèôds qud sdré` s`brdtuf` js fd kgp`sskbkekfjfd d js fd kmutkekfjfd f` vçmiue`.

2.4.6.. I`mtrjt` 2.4.6 I`mtrjt` Kmtu Kmtukt` kt` pdrs`mjd pdrs`mjd.. Nê ug dedgdmt` fd adfüikj mj rdejèé` fd trjbjen`. Jquk, edvjmtj-sd j qudsté` fd sjbd sj bdrr sd ë p` p`ss ssçv çvde de ` subi subi`m `mtr trjt jt` ` fd tr trjb jbje jen` n`,, ks kst` t` ë, ` trjb trjbjen jenjf jf`r `r p` p`fd fdrr sd sdr  r  substktuçf` mj suj prdstjèé` p`r `utr` trjbjenjf`r. Hdrjegdmtd, dstj kfdkj mé` ë jidktd (sjev` sd m` prùprk` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` tr jbjen` sd dstjbdedidr dssj nkpùtdsd).

2.4.4.. Ë ugj rdejèé` 2.4.4 rdejèé` lurçfki lurçfki`-`br `-`brkhji khjik`mj k`mjee  J rdejèé` r dejèé` lurçfkij mjsid i`g j idedbrjèé` f` i`mtrjt` fd tr trjbjen`, jbjen`, g`gdmt` j pjrtkr  f` quje sd irkjg `brkhjèôds pjrj jgbjs js pjrtds, jpekijmf`-sd-ends js rdhrjs hdrjks f`s mdhùik`s lurçfki`s (jrt¼ 2:8 dd shs) d js rdhrjs hdrjks f`s i`mtrjt`s (jrt¼s 6?4 d sdhs II), gjs tuf` ` gjks ë rdhuejf` pde` EHV. 2. 2.1. 1.

@ i` i`mt mtrj rjt` t` f fd d trjb trjbje jen` n` d j rd rdej ejèé èé` ` fd trj trjbj bjen en` `

Zujmf` ugj pdss`j i`e`ij, p`r vkj fd ug i`mtrjt`, j suj a`rèj fd trjbjen` ï fksp`s fks p`skèé kèé` ` fd `ut `utrj, rj, pjssjg pjssjg j fds fdsdmr dmr`ej `ejr-s r-sd d dmt dmtrd rd jg jgbjs bjs i` i`mtr mtrjt` jt`ss fd fkv fkvdrs drsj j mjturdzj, jtrjvës f`s qujks vé` sdmf` dgktkfjs fkrditrkzds d prdiksjf`s `blditkv`s, j` gdsg` tdgp` qud sd vjk i`mirdtkzjmf`, p`r a`rgj i`mtkmujfj `u suidsskvj, j jitkvk jit kvkfj fjfd fd ejb`rj ejb`rjee `ad `adrdi rdikfj kfj.. Ykguet Ykguetjmd jmdjg jgdmt dmtd, d, js dsa dsadrj drjss pds pdss` s`jks jks f`s sul suldkt dkt`s `s dmtrjg tjgbëg dg güetkpe`s i`mtjit`s, i`g pr`ldièôds pski`eùhkijs, di`mùgkijs d s`ikjks. V`f`s dstds dedgdmt`s i`mstktudg ugj rdejèé` kmtdrkmfkvkfuje i`gpedxj qud p`fdg`s fdskhmjr, p`r ―rdejèé` ajituje fd trjbjen`‗. M`utr` pejm` ’ prdiksjgdmtd ` pejm` lurçfki` ’ surhd-m`s j rdejèé` lurçfkij f` trjbjen`, qud ë ` pr`fut` fj i`ma`rgjèé` fjfj pde` Fkrdkt` jquded i`gpedx` ajituje.

:>

 

 J rdejèé` lurçfkij fd trjbjen`< ` sdu i`mtdüf` ë kmtdhrjf` p`r ug i`mlumt` fd fkrdkt`s d fdvdrds jssugkf`s pde` trjbjenjf`r d pde` fjf`r fd trjbjen`, p`r dadkt` fd ug idrt` ajit` lurçfki` ’ ` i`mtrjt` kmfkvkfuje fd trjbjen`.

IJ_ÇVTE@ KKK. J A@RGJÈÉ@ F@ I@MVRJV@ FD VRJBJEN@ :. :.:. :.

A` A`rg rgjè jèé` é` f f` ` i` i`mt mtrj rjt` t` f fdd tr trjb jbje jen` n`

:.:.:.. @s pr`idss` :.:.: pr`idss`ss fd a`rgjèé` a`rgjèé` f` i`mtrjt` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` trjbjen` @ i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` ë, ug i`mtrjt` i`msdmsuje, p`ks ―mé` dstê suldkt` j qujequdr  a`rgjekfjfd, sjev` qujmf` j edk dxprdssjgdmtd fdtdrgkmjr ` i`mtrêrk`‗ (jrt. :4¼ EHV). Dstj ijrjitdrçstkij, rdejtkvj ï qudsté` fj a`rgj mdh`ikje, tdg qud vdr i`g ` g`f` p`r  qud qu d surh surhd d ` i`mt i`mtrj rjt` t` fd trj trjbj bjen en`. `. Mj vdrf vdrfjf jfd, d, trjt trjtj-s j-sd d fd sj sjbd bdrr qu qud d tktkp` p`ss fd i`gp`rtjgdmt` fdiejrjtkv` sé` jpt`s j i`mstktukr dssd i`mtrjt`.  J a`rgjèé` fd qujequdr i`mtrjt` rdsuetj fd fujs fdiejrjèôds mdh`ikjks< j pr`p`stj d j jidktjèé`. I`ma`rgd sd i`mieuk, f` fksp`st` m`s jrts. 299¼ d 296¼ II, fj pr`p`stj  ’ qud dxprkgd j kmkikjtkvj fd ug f`s suldkt`s ’ fdvdg i`mstjr t`f`s `s dedgdmt`s f` mdhùik`, mdhù ik`, fd g`f` qud, pjrj j suj i`mie i`mieusé` usé`,, bjstd j purj d skgpe skgpeds ds jidkt jidktjèé` jèé` f` sdu fdstkmjtêrk`. Yd dstd kmieukr, mj suj fdiejrjèé`, jfktjgdmt`s, ekgktjèôds `u `utrjs g`fkakijèôds j` i`mtdüf` fj pr`p`stj, i`mskfdrj-sd qud j rdldktj d, qujmf` gukt`, tdg-sd tje fdiejrjèé` p`r dqukvjedmtd pr`p`stj.  J pr`p`stj f` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` d j suj jidktjèé` jssugdg, bjskijgdmtd, trìs a`rgjs< j) _r`p` _r`p`stj stj vdr vdrbje bje d jidktjèé jidktjèé` ` dxprdssj dxprdssj (vd (vdrbje) rbje) `u tê têiktj3 iktj3 b) _r` _r`p`s p`stj tj d ji jidkt dktjèé jèé` ` dsi dsirkt rktjs3 js3 i) _r _r`p `p`s `stj tj gj gjmk mkad adst stjf jfj j jt jtrj rjvë vëss fd ie ieêu êusu suej ejss i` i`mt mtrj rjtu tujk jkss hd hdrj rjks ks d jidktjèé`, p`r jfdsé` dxprdssj `u têiktj, f` trjbjenjf`r. :;

 

 J nkpùtdsd fd pr`p`stj d jidktjèé` vdrbjks prdf`gkmj ejrhjgdmtd, sjev` mj i`mstktukèé` fd rdejèôds fd trjbjen` m` i`mtdxt` fd dgprdsjs fd gjk`r fkgdmsé`. J jidktjèé` têiktj `i`rrdrê ―e`h` qud j i`mfutj fj `utrj pjrtd (` trjbjenjf`r, dg rdhrj) g`strj j kmtdmèé` fd jidktjr j pr`p`stj‗ (jrt. 296¼ II).

:.2.

Fdvdr fd fd km kma`rgjèé`

Nê `brkhjèôds fd kma`rgjèé` qud tìg qud sdr tr`ijfjs dmtrd ` dgprdhjf`r d ` trjbjenjf`r, s`brdtuf` s`brd t`fjs js i`mfkèôds. Nê f`ks g`gdmt`s qujmt` j dstjs `brkhjèôds fd kma`rgjèé`. @ i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` kgpekij ug i`mlumt` fd kma`rgjèôds qud tìg fd sdr rdikpr`ijgdmtd prdstjfjs. (Dx< ` trjbjenjf`r tdg qud kma`rgjr js jetdrjèôds fd rdskfìmikj, s`brd j suj a`rgjèé`.) Ydg prdluçz` f`s prkmiçpk`s hdrjks fj b`j aë d f` jbus` fd fkrdkt`, ` fdvdr fd kma`rgjèé` prdssupôd, fd ug ejf` ` fdvdr  fd kma`rgjèé` d fd `utr`, j tutdej f`s fkrdkt`s< j) G`gdmt G`gdmt` ` fd a`rgjè a`rgjèé` é` f` i`mt i`mtrjt rjt`3 `3 b) Mj pdmf pdmfìmi ìmikj kj f` f` i` i`mtr mtrjt` jt`..  Js pjrtds fdvdg jitujr fd b`j-aë. Njvdrê iuepj km i`mtrjdmf` sd js pjrtds mé` iugprkrdg i`g `s sdus fdvdrds.

2.: Kmiugprkgdmt` f` fdvdr fd kma`rgjr  @ kmiugprkgdmt` f` fdvdr fd kma`rgjr hdrj j idssjèé` f` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` p`r  jmuejbkekfjfd ’ ajeskfjfd fd ugj fdiejrjèé`. Ë lustj ijusj fd fdspdfkgdmt` i`g `brkhjèé` fd kmfdgmkzjr pde`s prdluçz`s ijusjf`s.

:. :.9. 9.

@ pd pdrç rç` `f` dxp xpdr drkg kgdm dmtj tjee

 J edk i`mskfdrj, dxpdrkgdmtje ` pdrç`f` kmkikje fj dxdiuèé` f` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` jrt¼ :>¼ m¼:) Dstd pdrç`f` vksj qud js pjrtds i`mieujg sd tìg kmtdrdssd dg gjmtdr ` i`mtrjt`. Js pjrtds fdvdg jhkr fd b`j-aë. @ pdrç`f` fd dxpdrkdmikj fdstkmj-sd j jprdikjèé` fj qujekfjfd f`s sdrvkè`s f` trjbjenjf`r d f` sdu rdmfkgdmt`, p`r pjrtd f` dgprdhjf`r, d p`r pjrtd f` trjbjenjf`r  j jprdikjèé` dssjs i`mfkèôds fd trjbjen`, fd rdgumdrjèé`, fd nkhkdmd d sdhurjmèj d f` jgbkdmtd s`ikje fj dgprdsj. Furjmtd ` pdrç`f` fd dxpdrkdmikj qujequdr fjs pjrtds p`fd ajzdr idssjr ` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen`, sdg `brkhjèé` fd prë-jvks`, kmfdgmkzjèé` `u jprdsdmtjèé` fd lustkakijèé`, 2?

 

fdvdmf` ` dgprdhjf`r daditujr ` pjhjgdmt` fj rdgumdrjèé` fdvkfj pde` trjbjen` prdstjf`. Fdi`rrkf` ` pdrç`f` fd dxpdrkdmikj sdg qud qujequdr fjs pjrtds ajij us` f` fksp`st` m` mügdr` jmtdrk`r, ` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` i`ms`ekfj-sd i`mtjmf`-sd j jmtkhukfjfd fdsfd ` kmkik` fj prdstjèé` f` trjbjen`. M` mügdr` sdhumf` f` jrtkh` :>¼, ` edhksejf`r jfgktd qud js pjrtds p`ssj jugdmtjr  j furjèé furjèé` ` f` pdr pdrç`f ç`f` ` dxpdrkg dxpdrkgdmt dmtje, je, p`r dsirkt dsirkt`, `, jtë quj qujtr` tr` gds gdsds, ds, m` ijs ijs` ` fd trjbjenjf`rds qud daditudg trjbjen`s fd dedvjfj i`gpedxkfjfd tëimkij d fd fkaçike jvjekjèé` d jtë sdks (1) gdsds m` ijs` fd trjbjenjf`rds qud fdsdgpdmndg aumèôds fd hdsté` d fkrdièé` M` i` i`mtr mtrjt` jt` fd trj trjbje bjen` n` fd fur furjèé jèé` ` fdtdrg fdtdrgkmj kmjfj fj p`f p`fd d sdr dst dstjbd jbdedi edikf` kf` pd pdrç` rç`f` f` dxpdrkgdmtje sd js pjrtds jsskg ` ji`rfjrdg p`r dsirkt`, mé` dxidfdmf` j suj furjèé` fd qukmzd (:4) `u trkmtj (9?) fkjs, i`ma`rgd sd trjtj fd trjbjenjf`rds mé` qujekakijf`s `u fd trjbjenjf`rds qujekakijf`s.

2:

 

IJ_ÇVTE@ KQ. VDG_@ D E@IJE FD VRJBJEN@ 6.:.

@ tdgp` fd trj trjbjen`

6.:.:.. M`èé` 6.:.: M`èé` Ed Edhje< hje< jrt¼ 88¼ f` f` EHV EHV  J prdstjèé` fd trjbjen` mé` p`fd kmvjfkr t`tjegdmtd j vkfj pdss`je f` trjbjenjf`r< ë mdidssêrk` qud, p`r jpekijèé` fd m`rgjs `u p`r vkrtufd fd i`gpr`gkss`s i`mtrjtujks, dstdlj ekgktjfj j pjrtd f` trjbjen` mj vkfj f` kmfkvçfu`, pjrj qud sd jajstd qujequdr  sdgdenjmèj i`g j dsirjvjturj `u j sdrvkfé`. Vrjtj-sd, jquk, fj mdidssêrkj ekgktjèé` fj ndt ndtdr` dr`fks fksp`m p`mkbk kbkekf ekfjfd jfd f` trjbje trjbjenjf njf`r, `r, dg m`g m`gd d fj ekb ekbdrf drfjfd jfd d fj fkh fkhmkf mkfjfd jfd pdss`je. Dstj fdtdrgkmjèé` ë ugj dxkhìmikj fd pr`tdièé` fd vkfj d fj kmtdhrkfjfd açskij d psçqukij fjs pdss`js qud trjbjenjg. Fdakmkr ` tdgp` fd trjbjen` ë tjgbëg fdakmkr `s dspjè`s fd rdp`us` d ejzdr qud sé` mdidssêrk`s pjrj j rdi`gp`skèé` fd dmdrhkjs d pjrj j sjevjhujrfj fj kmtdhrjèé` ajgkekjr d s`ikje f` trjbjenjf`r.  J fdtdrgkmjèé` qujmtktjtkvj fj prdstjèé` prdstjèé` fd trjbjen` rdejik`mj-sd, dstrdktjgdmtd i`g j gdfkfj fj rdtrkbukèé`. J umkfjfd fd iêeiue` utkekzjfj pjrj j fdtdrgkmjèé` f` vje`r  fdstd ë, dg rdhrj, ugj umkfjfd fd tdgp` (n`rj, ` fkj) d j i`rrdspditkvkfjfd qud ijrjitdrkzj js prdstjèôds fjs pjrtds m` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` dstjbdedid-sd dmtrd ug idrt` pdrç`f` fd trjbjen` (m`rgjegdmtd ug gìs) d ug vje`r di`mùgki` (` `rfdmjf`, ` sjeêrk`). @s pjrâgdtr`s j qud `bdfdid j fdtdrgkmjèé` qujmtktjtkvj fj prdstjèé` fd trjbjen`, kst` ë, j fdakmkèé` f`s tdgp`s fd trjbjen` j qud ijfj trjbjenjf`r dstê ekhj ekhjf` f`,, js jssu sugd gdg, g, jssk jsskg, g, ug kg kgp` p`rt rtjm jmtd td sk skhm hmkak kakij ijf` f` di di`m `mùg ùgki ki`< `< de dej j i` i`mt mtdm dmfd fd fkrditjgdmtd i`g ` dqukeçbrk` di`mùgki` dmtrd js prdstjèôds j qud js pjrtds sd `brkhjrjg pde` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen`. 22

 

6.:.2.. Aumfjgdm 6.:.2 Aumfjgdmt` t` fj ekgktjèé` ekgktjèé` fj furjèé` furjèé` f` trjbj trjbjen`. en`.  J ekgktjèé` f` tdgp` fd furjèé` f` trjbjen` tdg i`g` aumfjgdmt` trìs jspdit`s kgp`rtjmtds< bk`eùhki`s, s`ikjks d di`mögki`s. j) Bk`e Bk`eùh ùhki ki`s `s) n`rjs fkêrkjs. @ ed edhk hkse sejf jf`r `r jkmf jkmfj j jfgk jfgktd td qu qud d ` pd pdrç rç`f `f` ` m`rg m`rgje je fd trjb trjbje jen` n` sd sdgj gjmj mjee sd sdlj lj sdr  sdr  jejrhjf` jtë ikmqudmtj d qujtr` (46) n`rjs, m`s ijs`s dg qud ` dgprdhjf`r jf`ptd `s rdhkgds fd n`rêrk` p`r turm`s `u fd n`rêrk` g`fuejf` `u vjrkêvde, dg qud dstdlj dg dxdiuèé` ug n`rêrk` fd rdiupdrjèé` `u dg qud ` trjbjen` sdlj kmtdrgktdmtd `u fd skgpeds prdsdmèj. @ edhksejf`r jmh`ejm` fê p`sskbkekfjfd fj rdfuèé` f` ekgktd gêxkg` fkêrk` d sdgjmje fd pdrç`f` m`rgje f` trjbjen` fdsfd qud sdlj p`r i`mvdmèé` i`editkvj fd trjbjen` `u 29

 

p`r fkpe`gj prùprk` f` Vktuejr f` _`fdr Dxdiutkv`, mjs jitkvkfjfds dg qud ` trjbjen` sdlj prdstjf` dg i`mfkèôds pjrtkiuejrgdmtd fdshjstjmtds, fdshjstjmtds, ajtkhjmtds `u pdrkh`sjs `u qud i`gp`rtdg rksi`s pjrj j sjüfd f`s trjbjenjf`rds.  J rdfuèé` f`s ekgktds gêxkg`s f`s pdrç`f`s m`rgjks fd trjbjen` mé` fdtdrgkmj j fkgkmukèé` f` sjeêrk` f`s trjbjenjf`rds mdg qujequdr jetdrjèé` fjs i`mfkèôds fd trjbjen` qud sd t`gd fdsajv`rêvde j`s trjbjenjf`rds. (Jrts ;4 m¿ 6 d 4). @ tdgp` fd trjbjen` i`mtj-sd fdsfd qud m` sdu kmkik` d tdrg` ` trjbjenjf`r sd dmi`mtrd m` sdu p`st` fd trjbjen` m` iugprkgdmt` fjs rdspditkvjs tjrdajs.

6.:.6. 6.: .6. @ n`rêrk n`rêrk` ` fd trjb trjbjen jen`< `< @ n`rêrk` fd trjbjen` fdtdrgkmj js n`rjs fd kmçik` d tdrg` f` pdrç`f` m`rgje fd trjbjen` fkêrk`, `s kmtdrvje`s fkêrk`s fd fdsijms` d rdadkèé` d f` fkj fd fdsijms` sdgjmje. M`s tdrg`s fj edk, ijbd j` dgprdhjf`r dstjbdedid-e`, i`g `bsdrvâmikj f`s i`mfkik`mjgdmt`s edhjks (jrt. ;2¼ f` EHV), m` qujfr` f`s p`fdrds fd fkrdièé` d `rhjmkzjèé` f` trjbjen`. @ n`rêrk` fd trjbjen` i`gprddmfd mé` sù j kmfkijèé` fjs n`rjs fd dmtrjfj d fd sjçfj f` sdrvkè`, gjs tjgbëg j gdmèé` f`s fkjs fd fdsijms` sdgjmje d f`s kmtdrvje`s fd fdsijms` (jrt. 98¼ EHV). M` dstjbdedikgdmt` f` n`rêrk` f` trjb trjbje jen` n`,, ` dgpr dgprdh dhjf jf`r `r fd fdvd vd rd rdsp spdk dktj tjrr ` rdhk rdhkgd gd ed edhj hjee s`br s`brd d ` pd pdrç` rç`f` f` fd aumik`mjgdmt` fjs dgprdsjs d sdrvkè`s, d `rhjmkzj-e` fd g`f` j qud ` pdrç`f` fd aumik`mjgdmt` sdlj kmtdkrjgdmtd jssdhurjf` dg rdhkgd fd trjbjen` m`rgje j prdstjr  i`ma`rgd js g`fjekfjfds dstjbdedikfjs mdstj Edk, jfdqujfjs pjrj ` dadkt`. @ ùrhé` rdprdsdmtjtkv` f`s trjbjenjf`rds fdvd sdr prdvkjgdmtd `uvkf` m` dstjbdedikgdmt` f` n`rêrk` fd trjbjen` d mjs sujs jetdrjèôds.

6.:.4.. Ksdmèé` 6.:.4 Ksdmèé` fd fd n`rêrk` n`rêrk` fd tr trjbje jbjen` n` Akhurj rdsdrvjfj pdej edk pjrj i`rrdsp`mfdr ïs ijrjitdrçstkijs fd idrtjs jitkvkfjfds pr`akssk`mjks, d qud sd trjfuz mj p`sskbkekfjfd, pjrj ` dgprdhjf`r, fd i`mtjr i`g j fksp`mkbkekfjfd f` trjbjenjf`r sdg e`ijekzjèé` prdiksj m` tdgp` (sdg n`rêrk`), i`g j i`mtrjpjrtkfj fd ugj rdgumdrjèé` dspdikje ` pdrç`f` m`rgje fd trjbjen` mé` p`fd sdr umkejtdrjegdmtd jugdmtjf`< j` ajzì-e`, ` dgprdhjf`r dstjrkj j g`fkakijr, p`r suj dxieuskvj v`mtjfd ` `bldit` f` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` m` sdu jspdit` qujmtktjtkv` (jrt. :?8¼ EHV),

26

 

Gjs p`fd vdrkakijr-sd fkgkmukèé` f` pdrç`f` m`rgje fd trjbjen` p`r fdiksé` f` dgprdhjf`r, tje fkgkmukèé` p`fdrê i`mstktukr ugj fdiksé` fd hdsté` `u rdsuetjr fd ijs` a`rtukt` `u fd a`rèj gjk`r, mé` p`fdmf` kgpekijr, dg qujequdr fdstds ijs`s, rdfuèé` f` sjeêrk`. D p`fdrê, jkmfj, dmqujfrjr-sd, dg qud j rdfuèé` f`s pdrç`f`s m`rgjks fd trjbjen` ë i`makhurjfj i`g` gdfkfj trjmsktùrkj fd dgdrhìmikj, pjrj sktujèôds fd irksd hrjvd fj dgprdsj, susidptçvde fd sdr fdikfkfj pde` dgprdhjf`r m` tdrg` fd ug pr`idss` fd i`msuetjs j`s rdprdsdmtjmtds f`s trjbjenjf`rds. Mdstj i`makhurjèé`, j rdfuèé` f` pdrç`f` m`rgje fd trjbjen` tdg i`msdquìmikjs m` pejm` rdgumdrjtùrk`< `s trjbjenjf`rds jaditjf`s fdkxjg fd juadrkr j rdtrkbukèé` m`rgje d dmtrjg mug rdhkgd fd ―i`gpdmsjèé ―i`gpdmsjèé` ` sjejrkje‗.

6.2.

E@IJE FD VRJBJEN@

6.2.:. 6.2 .:. M`èé` M`èé` edhje< edhje< jrt¼:4 jrt¼:466 IV Tg f`s dedgdmt`s i`mirdtkzjf`rds fj prdstjèé` fd trjbjen` ë ` e`ije dg qud dej fdvd dvd sdr dxd xdiu iutj tjf fj. Vrj rjtj tj-s -sd d fd ug de dedg dgd dmt` mt` rded rdedvj vjmt mtd d pj pjrj rj j sk sktu tujè jèé` é` s`ik`pr`akssk`mje f` trjbjenjf`r d, fdsfd e`h`, pjrj j suj p`skèé` i`mtrjtuje3 j fdtdrgkmjèé` fded rdsuetjrê, dg prkmiçpk`, fd ji`rf` ’ gukt` dgb`rj tje ji`rf` sd `btdmnj m`rgjegdmtd p`r jfdsé` f` trjbjenjf`r. tr jbjenjf`r. @ e`ij e`ijee fd tr trjb jbje jen` n` fdsd fdsdgp gpdm dmnj nj ugj ugj aumè aumèé` é` fd fdekekgk gktj tjf` f`rj rj rdej rdejtktkvj vjgd gdmt mtd d ï sub`rfkmjèé` lurçfkij3 ë, i`g dadkt`, j ―fkgdmsé` dspdikje‗ fdstj üetkgj qud dstê dg  l`h`. @ e`ije fd trjbjen` ë, dg hdrje, ` idmtr` dstêvde (`u pdrgjmdmtd) fj jitkvkfjfd fd idrt` trjbjenjf`r d j suj fdtdrgkmjèé` `bdfdid dssdmikjegdmtd j` kmtukt` fd sd fkgdmsk`mjrdg m` dspjè` js `brkhjèôds d `s fkrdkt`s d hjrjmtkjs qud j edk end rdi`mndid. Jsskg< j) @ trjbjenj trjbjenjf`r f`r mé` p`fd p`fd,, dg prkmi prkmiçpk çpk`, `, sdr trjms trjmsadr adrkf` kf` pjr pjrj j `ut `utr` r` e`ij e`ijee fd trjbjen` (jrt. 88¼ m¼ 2). J pr`kbkèé` fd trjmsadrìmikj pjrj `utr` e`ije aumfj-sd mj mdid mdidss sskf kfjf jfd d fd js jssd sdhu hurj rjrr dstj dstjbk bkekekfj fjfd fd ï p` p`sk skèé èé` ` pr`a pr`aks kssk sk`m `mje je f` trjbjenjf`r, i`g rdaedx`s mj suj vkfj ajgkekjr d s`ikje. b) Dg prkmiç prkmiçpk` pk`,, i`mskf i`mskfdrj drjg-s g-sd d ―jikfd ―jikfdmtd mtdss fd trjbj trjbjen` en`‗‗ `s qud `i`r `i`rrjg rjg ―m` e`ije d m` tdgp` fd trjbjen`‗, d ` dgprdhjf`r ë rdsp`msêvde pdrjmtd ` trjbjenjf`r pde`s prdluçz`s rdsuetjmtds.

24

 

i) _`r vdz vdzds, ds, j edk rdgd rdgdtd td j rdhue rdhuejgdm jgdmtjèé` tjèé` fd idrt`s idrt`s js jspdit pdit`s `s fj rdejè rdejèé` é` fd trjbjen` pjrj `s us`s e`ijks dmtdmfj-sd< pjrj `s us`s dxkhdmtds mj êrdj `u rdhké` dg qud sd sktuj ` e`ije fd trjbjen`. f) Dst std d rd rded edvj vj tj tjgb gbë ëg qu quj jmt mt` ` ï jpe peki kijb jbkekekf kfj jfd f`s km kmsstru trugd gdmt mt` `s fd rdhuejgdmtjèé` i`editkvj ’ iul` âgbkt` ë fdakmkf` mjs rdspditkvjs ieêusuejs. Fdstd g`f`, ` e`ije fd trjbjen` sdrê ` qud rdsuetd fjs dstkpuejèôds dxprdssjs `u têiktj têi ktjss fjs pjr pjrtds tds `u `u,, mj suj aje ajetj, tj, f` irk irktër tërk` k` dstjbd dstjbdedi edikf` kf` mj rdh rdhuej uejgdm gdmtjè tjèé` é` jpekiêvde j ijfj tkp` fd jitkvkfjfd.

6.2.2.. Js Qkikssktuf 6.2.2 Qkikssktufds ds i`mtrjtujks i`mtrjtujks¼ ’ qud, bdg vkstjs js i`ksjs, end rdtkrjg hrjmfd pjrtd f` sdmtkf` ütke. Mj vdrfjfd, prdvì-sd fdsfd e`h` ugj sktujèé` dg qud j gufjmèj f` e`ije fd trjbjen` p`r fdtdrgkmjèé` fj dmtkfjfd pjtr`mje, ë jfgktkfj, sdg qud ` trjbjenjf`r  p`ssj `p`r-sd-end dakijzgdmtd< j fd gufjmèj, t`tje `u pjrikje, f` dstjbdedikgdmt` dg qud prdstj sdrvkè`. Mdssds ijs`s, j trjmsadrìmikj f` trjbjenjf`r mé` ë gjks f` qud ugj sdqudej prêtkij fj fdse`ijèé` f` prùprk` sup`rtd fj prdstjèé` fd trjbjen`. @ ümki` gdk` fd rdskstìmikj ï jetdrjèé` f` e`ije fd trjbjen`, i`mskstd mj rdsiksé` f` i`mtrjt`. Vje rdsiksé` fjrê euhjr ï kmfdgmkzjèé`, ―sjev` sd j dmtkfjfd pjtr`mje pr`vjr  qud j gufjmèj mé` rdsuetj prdluçz` sërk` pjrj ` trjbjenjf`r‗. Zudr fkzdr< j `rfdg fd trjmsadrìmikj sdhukfj fd rdsiksé` pde` trjbjenjf`r i`mstktuk j prdsumèé` fd qud dstj üetkgj sd fdvd ï dxpditjtkvj fd prdluçz` sërk` fdrkvjf` fj gufjmèj, gjs dssj prdsumèé` p`fd sdr kekfkfj pdej dmtkfjfd pjtr`mje, pr`vjmf` qud j trjmsadrìmikj mé` ë fd g`efd j fdtdrgkmjr tje prdluçz`. @ e`ije fd trjbjen` ë, ijrjitdrkstkijgdmtd, `bldit` fd dstkpuejèé` m` i`mtrjt` fd tr trjb jbje jen` n`.. Js pj pjrt rtds ds p` p`fd fdg g fj fjrr-en end d j jgpe jgpektktuf ufd d qu qud d qu quks ksdr drdg dg33 d, jk jkmf mfj j qu qud d dxprdssjgdmtd ` mé` ajèjg, p`fdrê sdr kmadrkf` mj mjturdzj fj jitkvkfjfd, f`s i`gp`rtjgdmt`s fjs pjrtds, d jtë fj rdhuejgdmtjèé` ejb`rje jpekiêvde, ug dspjè` gjks `u gdm`s vjst` fd g`bkekfjfd.

21

 

IJ_ÇVTE@ Q J YTY_DMYÉ@ F@ I@MVRJV@ FD VRJBJEN@ 4.:.. 4.:

M`èé` M`èé` hdrje hdrje d i` i`mid midkt` kt` fj fj suspdm suspdmsé` sé` fj fj rde rdejè jèé` é` lu lurçf rçfki` ki`-ejb -ejb`rj `rje. e.

Nê suspdmsé` fj rdejèé` lurçfki`-ejb`rje sdgprd qud, i`g ijrêitdr tdgp`rêrk`, ` trjbjenjf`r dstdlj kgpdfkf` fd prdstjr ` sdu trjbjen` p`r ajit`s qud end rdspdktdg gjs mé` end sdljg kgputêvdks, `u ` dgprdhjf`r kgpdfkf` `u fkspdmsjf` fd rdidbdr  ` gdsg` trjbjen`. (Jrt :>6¼ EHV). Dstj i`mskstd mj gjmutdmèé` f` vçmiue` jpdsjr jpdsjr fj pjrjek pjr jeksjè sjèé` é` f`s sdu sduss prk prkmik mikpj pjks ks dad dadkt` kt`s< s< fd fdsfd sfd e`h e`h`, `, j `br `brkhj khjèé èé` ` fd trj trjbje bjen` n`,, d, mjehugjs g`fjekfjfds, g`fjekfjfds, tjgbëg ` fdvdr fd rdtrkbukr.

28

 

4. 4.22.

Dad adkt kt`s `s fj su susspd pdms mséé`<

4.2.:.. Dadkt`s 4.2.: Dadkt`s hdrjk hdrjkss fj sus suspdms pdmsé` é` @s dadkt`s i`gums ïs vêrkjs g`fjekfjfds fd suspdmsé` f` i`mtrjt`, d qud p`rtjmt` ijrjitdrkzjg, m` dssdmikje, dstd kmstktut` lurçfki`, sé` js sdhukmtds< j) J idss idssjè jèé` é` f` f`ss fkrd fkrdktkt`s `s d fdvd fdvdrd rdss fj fjss pj pjrt rtds ds mj rdej rdejèé èé` ` lu lurçf rçfki ki``-ej ejb` b`rj rjee kmdrdm kmd rdmtds tds j dad daditk itkvj vj prd prdstj stjèé` èé` f` trjbje trjbjen`, n`, Gj Gjmtd mtdmf mf`-s `-sd, d, m` dmtjmt dmtjmt`, `, `s fdvdrds fd rdspdkt` d edjefjfd. (Jrt :>4¼ m¼: EHV). b) @ trj trjbje bjenjf njf`r `r d pdr pdrgkt gktkf` kf` dxdri dxdridr dr jit jitkvk kvkfjf fjfd d pr` pr`aks akssk` sk`mje mje rdmugdrj rdmugdrjfj fj pjr pjrj j `utr` dgprdhjf`r3 (Jrt :>4¼ m¼2 EHV)

4.2.2.. Dadkt`s 4.2.2 Dadkt`s jidssùr jidssùrk`s k`s fj suspdmsé suspdmsé` ` j) _drç` _drç`f` f` fd suspdmsé` suspdmsé` i`mtj-sd i`mtj-sd pjrj dadk dadkt`s t`s fd jmtkhukfjfd jmtkhukfjfd f` trjbj trjbjenjf enjf`r, `r, qud i`msdrvj ` fkrdkt` j` p`st` fd trjbjen`. tr jbjen`. b) I`mtrjt` fd trjbjen`, m` dmtjmt`, ij ijfuij fuij d j rdejèé` lurçfki`-ejb`rje dx dxtkmhud-sd, tkmhud-sd, m` g`gdmt` dg qud sd t`gd idrt` qud ? kgpdfkgdmt` d fdakmktkv`. i) Yd ` i`mtr i`mtrjt` jt` fd trjb trjbjen` jen` a` a`rr p`r tdgp` fdtdrgkm fdtdrgkmjf`, jf`, j sus suspdms pdmsé` é` mé` kgpdfd kgpdfd j rdspditkvj dxtkmèé` p`r fdiurs` f` prjz` `u vdrkakijèé` f` ajit` hdrjf`r fj ijfuikfjfd. (Jrt :>1¼ m¼2 EHV)

4.9.. 4.9

Yuspdm Yuspdmsé` sé` f` IV p`r p`r ajit` ajit` rrdsp dspdkt dktjmt jmtdd jj` ` tr trjbj jbjenj enjf` f`r  r 

M` jrt. jrt. :>;¼ :>;¼ f` EHV, EHV, pr prdv dvì ì ug i`ml i`mlum umt` t` fd sk sktu tujè jèôd ôdss su surh rhkf kfjs js mj ds dsad adrj rj f` trjbjenjf`r qud fdtdrgkmjg j suspdmsé` f` i`mtrjt`, pde` ajit` fd kgp`sskbkektjrdg tdgp`rjrkjgdmtd j prdstjèé` fd trjbjen`. Js ijrjitdrçstkijs i`gums j tjks sktujèôds sé` js sdhukmtds< j. Dxkstìmikj Dxkstìmikj f fd d ug kgpdf kgpdfkgdmt kgdmt` ` tdgp` tdgp`rêrk` rêrk` (f (furjèé urjèé` ` supdrk supdrk`r `r j ug gìs)3 b. Ekhjèé` Ekhjèé` fdssd fdssd kgpdfkg kgpdfkgdmt` dmt` ï pdss pdss`j `j f` ttrjbj rjbjenjf` enjf`r3 r3 i. Mé` kkgputj gputjbkekfj bkekfjfd fd f f` ` kgp kgpdfkgd dfkgdmt` mt` j j` ` trjb trjbjenjf jenjf`r. `r.  J kgp`sskbkekfjfd p`fd sdr gdrjgdmtd sublditkvj, kst` ë, rdejtkvj ï pdss`j i`mirdtj f` trjbjenjf`r. @ ijrêitdr tdgp`rêrk` fj kgp`sskbkekfjfd s`eçiktj jehugjs prdiksôds. _`r ug ejf`, j edk i`mfkik`mj ` aumik`mjgdmt` fj suspdmsé` j qud ` kgpdfkgdmt` tdmnj. Dxkhd j edk

2>

 

qud j sktujèé` kgpdfktkvj mé` sdlj kgputêvde j` trjbjenjf`r, ijs` i`mtrêrk`, dstjr-sdkj pdrjmtd j sktujèé` fd kmiugprkgdmt` iuep`s`, iul`s dadkt`s, sé` fkadrdmtds. Furjèé`, idrtj `u pr`vêvde, fd gjks fd ug gìs (jrt. :>;¼ m¼: EHV)3 nê p`ks, ug ekgktd gçmkg` fd trjmskt`rkdfjfd, qud fdidrt` sd dxpekij pdej p`sskbkekfjfd fj jpekijèé` f` rdhkgd m`rgje fjs ajetjs j sktujèôds fd kgpdfkgdmt` gdm`s pr`e`mhjf`. Jssdmtd-sd qud j suspdmsé` p`r kgpdfkgdmt` f` trjbjenjf`r kgpekij j idssjèé` f` irëfkt` sjejrkje. Zujmf` j suspdmsé` f` i`mtrjt` ë rdejtkv` j` trjbjenjf`r pr`fuz `s sdhukmtds dadkt`s< j) J pdrfj f` fkrdkt` fkrdkt` j` sjeê sjeêrk` rk` j pjrtk pjrtkrr fj suj vdr vdrkaki kakijèé jèé`, `, sjev` sjev` m`s ijs` ijs`ss dg qud j edk fdtdrgkmd ` i`mtrêrk`, m`gdjfjgdmtd mjs sktujèôds fd f`dmèj d jikfdmtd i`gug `u pr`akssk`mje. b) @s fkrdkt fkrdkt`s `s j` a`rmdi a`rmdikgdmt kgdmt` ` fd je`ljgd je`ljgdmt` mt` d fd jsskstì jsskstìmikj mikj gëf gëfkij kij prdstjf`s prdstjf`s pde` dgprdhjf`r gjmtdg-sd jtë ug pdrç`f` fd trìs (9) gdsds, sjev` ji`rf` p`r dsirkt` fjs pjrtds. i) J`s dad dadkt` kt`ss fj suspdms suspdmsé` é` rdhu rdhuejf ejfj j mdstj sdi sdièé èé` ` quj qujmt` mt` j` fkr fkrdkt dkt` ` j aërkjs jpekij-sd ` fksp`st` m` m¼ 9 f` jrtkh` :9:.

4.6.. 4.6

Yuspdm Yuspdmsé` sé` f` i`m i`mtrj trjt` t` fd fd trj trjbje bjen` n` p p`r `r aj ajit` it` ekhj ekhjf` f` ï ddgpr gprdsj dsj

 J suspdmsé` f` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` p`r ajit` rdejtkv` j` dgprdhjf`r vdrkakij-sd sdgprd sdg prd qud dstd dstd dstdl dstdlj j tdg tdgp`r p`rjrk jrkjgd jgdmtd mtd kgp kgpdf dfkf` kf` `u fks fkspdm pdmsj sjf` f` fd rdi rdidb dbdr dr ` trjbjen` fd t`f`s `u pjrtd f`s trjbjenjf`rds fj dgprdsj `u idmtr` fd trjbjen`. Yé` trìs sktujèôds qud p`fdg lustkakijr j suspdmsé` fj rdejèé` lurçfki` ’ ejb`rje qud sé`< dg sktujèé` fd irksd di`mùgkij3 sktujèé` fd a`rèj gjk`r `u ijs` a`rtukt` `u dg sktujèé` fd rdfuèé` f` trjbjen`.

4.6.:.. Dg sktujè 4.6.: sktujèé` é` fd irksd irksd di`mùgk di`mùgkij ij Yé` fd kmieukr mdstj g`fjekfjfd sktujèôds gukt` fkvdrsjs, fdsfd js rdsuetjmtds fd fdiksé fdi ksé` ` umk umkejt ejtdrj drjee f` dgprds dgprdsêrk êrk` ` jtë ïs qud sé` fdt fdtdrg drgkmj kmjfjs fjs p` p`rr fd fdiks iksé` é` fj jut`rkfjfd pübekij, m`gdjfjgdmtd dg rdsuetjf` fj prêtkij fd fdekt`s jmtkdi`mùgki`s `u i`mtrj j sjüfd pübekij.  J ikriumstâmikj fd j kgp`sskbkekfjfd sdr fdtdrgkmjfj, p`r kgpdfkgdmt` kgputêvde ï dmtkfjfd pjtr`mje dxpekij qud mé` bjstj j gdrj idssjèé` fdstd, `u j suj i`mvdrsé` 2;

 

dg fdakmktkv`, pjrj qud j kgp`sskbkekfjfd sd tdmnj p`r edvjmtjfj `u, tjgbëg fdakmktkvj (jrt¼ :;9¼ je. j) EHV)

4.6.2.. Dg ijs` a`rtukt` 4.6.2 a`rtukt` `u g`tkv` g`tkv` fd a`rèj gjk`r gjk`r (jrt (jrt¼¼ :;9¼ je. b) EHV) @s i`midkt`s fd ijs` a`rtukt` d fd a`rèj gjk`r fdvdg s`ardr, mdstj sdfd, ugj ji`g`fjèé` m` sdmtkf` rdstrktkv`. Dmijrjf`s gdrjgdmtd mj suj aumèé` mdhjtkvj dg rdej rdejèé èé` ` ï iu iuep epj, j, mé` mé` pdrg pdrgktktdg dg dx dxpe peki kijr jr qu qud d sd sdlj ljg g `b `bld ldit it` ` fj i` i`bd bdrt rtur urj j ed edhj hjee dstjbdedikfj pjrj js sktujèôds dg qud ` dmidrrjgdmt` ë sublditkvjgdmtd kgputêvde ï dmtkfjfd pjtr`mje, `utrjs nkpùtdsds dg qud j iuepj dstê `u p`fd dstjr jusdmtd< jqudejs dg qud j kmtdrrupèé` fj ejb`rjèé` ë fdvkfj jpdmjs j rjzôds fd ―kmtdrdssd‗ f` dgprdhjf`r.

4.6.9. 4.6 .9. Rdfuèé Rdfuèé` ` fj ejb` ejb`rjè rjèé` é`  J fkgkmukèé` fj ejb`rjèé` i`mskstd mugj i`mtrjtjèé` fj jitkvkfjfd fj dgprdsj `u dstjbdedikgdmt` qud sd rdaeditd, m` pejm` kmfkvkfuje, pdej rdfuèé` f` pdrç`f` m`rgje fd trjbjen` prjtkijf`, qudr gdfkjmtd j subtrjièé` fd ugj `u gjks n`rjs f` pdrç`f` fkêrk`, qudr jtrjvës fj dekgkmjèé` fd ug `u gjks fkjs fd trjbjen` p`r sdgjmj (jrt. :;9¼ je. i) fj EHV). Vrjtj-sd fd ugj vkikssktufd fj rdejèé` kmfkvkfuje fd trjbjen` qud fkgjmj fd ug dstjf` jmùgje` fj `rhjmkzjèé` pr`futkvj m` sdu i`mlumt` `u jpdmjs mjehugj fjs sujs pjrtds. J fkadrdmèj i`mskstd dg qud, mj rdfuèé`, mé` `i`rrd `bvkjgdmtd ` dmidrrjgdmt` fj dgprdsj `u umkfjfd pr`futkvj, gjs jpdmjs ugj jetdrjèé` qujmtktjtkvj f` sdu aumik`mjgdmt`.

9?

 

IJ_ÇVTE@ Q J IDYYJÈÉ@ F@ I@MVRJV@ FD VRJBJEN@ 1. 1.:. :.

J dxtk dxtkmè mèé` é` f` i`mt i`mtrj rjt` t` fd trjb trjbje jen` n`

1.:.:.. _rkmiçpk` 1.:.: _rkmiçpk` fj dstjb dstjbkekfj kekfjfd fd fd dgprdh` dgprdh` @ trjbjenjf`r tdg fkrdkt` j dstjbkekfjfd fd dgprdh`, sdmf` js rjzôds susidptçvdks fd dxtkmèé` fj rdejèé` ejb`rje js prdvkstjs mj edk. J idssjèé` `u dxtkmèé` f` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` tdg i`msdquìmikjs bjstjmtd gjks i`mskfdrêvdks mj dsadrj f` trjbjenjf`r f` qud mj f` dgprdhjf`r. Yù qujmt` j` prkgdkr` sd p`fd fkzdr qud ` vçmiue` ë ` sup`rtd fug dstjtut` di`mùgki`, s`ikje d pr`akssk`mje, fjf` qud ` trjbjenjf`r dgpdmnj mded j suj a`rèj fd trjbjen` d i`mfkik`mj p`r ded, dg rdhrj, t`fj j suj dsadrj di`mùgkij.  J rupturj f` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` skhmkakijrê, fdstd g`f`, pjrj ` trjbjenjf`r, ` tdrg` fd ugj p`skèé` he`bje j qud sd ekhjg mdidsskfjfds aumfjgdmtjks3 d fd g`f` jehug sdrkjg sdrk jg pdrt pdrtkm kmdm dmtd tds, s, dg hdrj hdrje,e, pr prdp dp`s `skè kèôd ôdss kf kfìm ìmtktkij ijss ji jidr drij ij fj sk sktu tujè jèé` é` f` dgprdhjf`r. Jrt. :;>¼ EHV

1.:.2.. Idssjèé` 1.:.2 Idssjèé` f` vç vçmiue miue` ` ejb`rje ejb`rje.. @ I`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` p`fd idssjr p`r< Ijusjs `blditkvjs, jendkjs j v`mtjfd fjs pjrtds3 :) _` _`rr g güt ütu` u` ji`r ji`rf` f`33 2) Fdik Fdiksé` sé` umk umkejtdr ejtdrje je fd quje qujequdr qudr fj fjss pjrtds, pjrtds, `p`mçv `p`mçvde de j `utrj `utrj.. 9) Vdmf Vdmf` ` ` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` trjbjen` skf` i` i`mstktu mstktuçf` çf` p`r m`gdj m`gdjèé`, èé`, dxt dxtkmhu kmhud-sd d-sd p`r  dx`mdrjèé`.

 J. Rdv`hjèé` p`r ji`rf` fjs pjrtds pjrtds `u idssjèé` p`r p`r gütu` ji`rf`.  J t`f` ` tdgp` p`fd dg js pjrtds ajzdr idssjr ` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen`, p`r tdgp` fdtdrgkmjf` `u kmfdtdrgkmjf`, fdsfd qud ` ajèjg p`r dsirkt`, jsskmjf` pdejs fujs pjrtds, s`b pdmj fd muekfjfd. @ Ji`rf` dsirkt` fdvd kfdmtkakijr js fujs pjrtds d i`mtdr j fdiejrjèé` dxprdssj fd idssjèé` f` i`mtrjt`, j fjtj dg qud j idssjèé` fdvd pr`fuzkr dadkt`s d j fjtj fd idedbrjèé`, p`fdmf` js pjrtds dstjbdedidr `utr`s dadkt`s mé` i`mtrjrkds j edk. @ ji`rf` ë adkt` dg fupekijf`, akijmf` ijfj ugj fjs pjrtds i`g ug dxdgpejr.

9:

 

Yd m` ji`rf` a`r dstjbdedikf` jehugj i`gpdmsjèé` j ajv`r f` trjbjenjf`r, fdvd fdiejrjr-sd j fjtj `u fjtjs f` rdspditkv` pjhjgdmt`, dmtdmfdmf`-sd qud mé` kmieuk `s irëfkt`s qud j fjtj fj idssjèé` dxkstjg j ajv`r f` trjbjenjf`r mdg `s qud j dstd sdlj sd ljg g fdvk fdvkf` f`ss dg i` i`ms msdq dquì uìmi mikj kj fj idss idssjè jèé` é`,, sj sjev ev` ` sd ` i` i`mt mtrê rêrk rk` ` i` i`ms mstj tjr  r  dxprdssjgdmtd f` ji`rf` qud akxj j i`gpdmsjèé`. (Jrt. 2??¼ EHV)

j. A`rgj Ardqudmtdgdmtd, j rdv`hjèé` surhd mj sdquìmikj fj jbdrturj fd ug pr`idss` fd fdspdfkgdmt` i`editkv` `u fd dxtkmèé` fd ug p`st` fd trjbjen`. Mjfj ` kgpdfd. @ ji`rf` ë, mdssds ijs`s, ajikektjf` pdej `adrtj fd i`gpdmsjèôds pdiumkêrkjs fd vje`r  gjks gj ks je jet` t` f` qu qud d ` fjs fjs km kmfd fdgm gmkz kzjè jèôd ôdss ed edhj hjeg egdm dmtd td jp jpekekiê iêvd vdks ks dg ij ijs` s` fd fdspdfkgdmt`.  J edk dxkhd qud ` ji`rf` ji`rf` i`mstd fd ―f`iugd ―f`iugdmt` mt` jsskmjf` p`r jgbj jgbjss js pjrtds, akijmf` ijfj ugj i`g ug dxdgpejr‗ (jrt. 2??¼, m¼ : d 9). @ f`iugdmt` fdvd i`mtdr j kmfkijèé` fj fjtj fj idedbrjèé` f` ji`rf` d fj fjtj dg qud sd pr`fuz ` dadkt` dxtkmtkv` (m¼ 2 f` gdsg` jrtkh`).  J dxkhìmikj fd f`iugdmt` f`iugdmt` dsirkt` ë pjikakijgdmtd pjikakijgdmtd dmtdmfkfj pdej pdej lurksprufìmikj i`g` i`mfki mfkik` k`m mjmt mtd d fj vjekf jekfj jfd f` ji`r `rf f`, `u sdl dlj, j, i` i`g` g` rdsp rdspd dktj ktjmf` mf` j ugj a`rgjekfjfd jf substjmtkjg.

b. Dadkt`s @ ümki` dadkt` edhjegdmtd akxjf` pjrj idssjèé` p`r gütu` ji`rf` `u rdv`hjèé` f` i`mtrjt` ë j idssjèé` fdstd. _`fd sdr fkadrkf` p`r dstkpuejèé` dxprdssj fjs pjrtds, i`mstjmt i`mst jmtd d f` f`i f`iug ugdmt dmt` ` dsirkt dsirkt` ` dxkhkf dxkhkf` ` pjr pjrj j j vje vjekfj kfjfd fd fj rdv rdv`hj `hjèé` èé`.. @s f` f`ks ks g`gdmt`s sé` iejrjgdmtd fkadrdmikjf`s m` m¼ 2 d 6 f` jrt. 2??¼ fj EHV.

B. Ij Ijfu fuik ikfj fjfd fd.. Dg hdrje, fkz-sd qud ` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` idssj p`r ijfuikfjfd qujmf` `i`rrdg idrtjs sktujèôds `blditkvjs qud sé` fd g`efd j t`rmjrdg-m` kmvkêvde `u kmütke. J kgp`sskbkekfjfd jbs`eutj d fdakmktkvj fj dxdiuèé` fj prdstjèé` fd trjbjen` ë, p`ks, ugj ijusj tçpkij fd ijfuikfjfd:.   J ijfuikfjfd ë, m`s tdrg`s fj edk ikvke, j dxtkmèé` fd ug fkrdkt` pde` sdu mé` dxdriçik`  J dxd riçik` fdmtr` fd idrt` tdgp` akxjf` mj edk `u p`r ji`rf`< jrt. 2;>¼, m¼ 2, f` Iùfkh` Ikvke. Dssj m`èé` ë utkekzjfj pdej edk f` trjbjen` p`rtuhudsj, m`gdjfjgdmtd, j pr`pùskt` fj jièé` fksikpekmjr mj dgprdsj, iul` dxdriçik` dstê sub`rfkmjf` j idrtjs i`mfkèôds fd tdgp`. Dstê iejr` qud ` i`midkt` fd ijfuikfjfd utkekzjfj m` rdhkgd edhje fj idssjèé` f` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` mé` ë ` gdsg`< jquk, trjtj-sd fj rupturj f` i`mtrjt` qud

:

92

 

@ ―jut ―jut`g `gjt jtks ksg` g`‗‗ fj ijfu ijfuik ikfj fjfd fd ë, p`rë p`rëg, g, ug ugj j m` m`èé èé` ` fd fdst stktktuç uçfj fj fd rk rkh` h`r. r. M` pr`idss` pde` quje ` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` ―ijfuij‗ kmtdrvìg sdgprd fd ugj gjmdkrj `u fd `utr `utrj, j, ―g`t ―g`tkv kv`s `s vê vêrk rk`s `s‗‗ qu qud d sd dx dxpr prkg kgdg dg jtrj jtrjvë vëss fd fdie fdiejr jrjè jèôd ôdss `u gjmkadstjèôds i`g ijrêitdr pjrj-mdh`ikje. @ jrt. :;;¼ fj EHV, fdp`ks fd dstjbdedidr qud ` i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` ijfuij p`r  ijusj ij usj `bl `bldit ditkvj kvj,, jendkj jendkj ï v`m v`mtjf tjfd d fjs pjr pjrtds tds.. @ Edh Edhkse ksejf` jf`rr jp` jp`mtj mtj trì trìss ij ijusj usjss dspdiçakijs fd ijfuikfjfd p`r ijusj `blditkvjs<

j. Ijfuikfjf Ijfuikfjfdd f` i`mtrj i`mtrjt` t` f` trjbje trjbjenjf` njf`rr rda`rgjf rda`rgjf` ` @ dgprdhjf`r p`fd i`mtrjtjr ` trjbjenjf`r rda`rgjf` fdsfd qud ` i`mtrjt` rdvkstj j a`rgj dsirktj, p`fdmf` ` gdsg` idssjr j rdejèé` Ejb`rje sdg ` iugprkgdmt` fd qujksqudr a`rgjekfjfds, m`gdjfjgdmtd lustj ijusj d jvks` prëvk`. @ i`mtrjt` fd trjbjen` sù idssj p`r ijfuikfjfd sd ` ajit` a`r i`mndikf` p`r jgbjs js pjrtds (jrt. 2?2¼), ` qud kgpekij kma`rgjèé` f` trjbjenjf`r j` dgprdhjf`r, `u ` jidss` fdstd j` i`mndikgdmt` f` ajit` p`r `utr` gdk` ’ dvdmtujegdmtd jtrjvës fd i`mtjit` fkrdit` i`g j kmstktukèé` fd sdhurjmèj s`ikje. Mé` nê, t`fjvkj, dxkhìmikj dspdiçakij fd a`rgj pjrj j kma`rgjèé` f` trjbjenjf`r.

b. Ijfuikfjf Ijfuikfjfdd p`r ajit` ajit` rdspdktj rdspdktjmtd mtd j` dgprdh dgprdhjf`r  jf`r   J ijfuikfjfd f` i`mtrjt` p`r g`tkv`s fj g`rtd, kmijpjikfjfd t`tje `u pdrgjmdmtd `u rda` rda`rg rgj j f` dg dgpr prdh dhjf jf`r `r qu qujm jmf` f` fd fdej ej rd rdsu suetj etjrr ` dm dmid idrr rrjg jgdm dmt` t` fj dg dgpr prds dsj j `u idssjèé` f` trjbjenjf`rj qud sd rdadrd j jeçmdj d) f` m¼ :, f` jrtkh` :;;¼, i`madrd j` trjbjenjf`r ` fkrdkt` j kmfdgmkzjèé`, ijeiuejfj m`s tdrg`s f` jrtkh` 29>¼. V`f`s fj Edk Hdrje f` trjbjen`  J ijfuikfjfd f` i`mtrjt` p`r g`tkv`s rdadrkf`s mjs jeçmdjs f) d h) f` m¼ : f` jrtkh` :;;. ?, d dqukpjrjfj, pjrj dadkt`s fd i`gpdmsjèé`, j skguejèé` rdhuejfj m` mugdr` jmtd jm tdrk` rk`r, r, fd fdsf sfd d qud qud sd sdlj lj ` dgpr dgprdh dhjf jf`r `r qud qud akakqu qud d kg kgp` p`ss sskb kbkekektktjf jf` ` fd rdid rdidbd bdrr ` trjbjen`. J ijfuikfjfd mé` sd vdrkakij sdgprd qud ` dstjbdedikgdmt` `u dgprdsj i`mtk i` mtkmud mud dg jitkvk jitkvkfjf fjfd, d, jpe jpekij kijmf` mf`-sd -sd mdstd mdstd ijs ijs` ` ` fks fksp`s p`st` t` m`s jrt jrtkh` kh`ss 8? 8?¼. ¼. d sdhukmtds.

mé` ë dadkt` fd ugj fdiejrjèé` mdh`ikje dxtkmtkvj fd qujequdr fjs pjrtds `u fd jgbjs. 99

 

i. Ijfuikfjf Ijfuikfjfdd p`r p`r aj ajeìmik eìmikjj `u `u km kms`ev s`evìmikj ìmikj Dg ijs js` ` fd fdi fdiej ejrj rjèé èé` ` lu luf fki kikj kjee fd aj ajeì eìm mikj `u km kmss`ev evìm ìmiikj d dm dmq qujmt ujmt` ` ` dstjbd dst jbdedi edikgd kgdmt` mt` `u dgp dgprds rdsj j mé mé` ` a`r fdakmk fdakmktkv tkvjgd jgdmtd mtd dmi dmidrr drrjf` jf`,, `s i`mtrj i`mtrjt`s t`s fd trjbjen` ijfuijg j gdfkfj qud ` dxdriçik` fjs aumèôds f`s trjbjenjf`rds fdkxd fd sdr kmfksp kmfkspdms dmsêvd êvdee j` rdspdi rdspditkv tkv` ` aum aumik` ik`mj mjgdm gdmt`, t`, Dmq Dmqujm ujmt` t` ` dst dstjbd jbdedi edikgd kgdmt` mt` `u dgprdsj i`mtkmujr j aumik`mjr, ` jfgkmkstrjf`r fj gjssj ajekfj d `brkhjf` j iugprkr, pjrj i`g `s trjbjenjf`rds qud i`mtkmudg j prdstjr trjbjen`, js `brkhjèôds sjejrkjks qud vé` vdmidmf` fdsfd j pr`p`skturj fj jièé`.

1.:.9. 1.: .9. @ Fdsp Fdspdf dfkgd kgdmt` mt`.. @ fdspdfkgdmt` sù p`fd sdr vjekfjgdmtd fdikfkf` i`g aumfjgdmt` dg lustj ijusj i`g` tje, sd a`r i`mskfdrjfj j prêtkij fd kmarjièé` fksikpekmjr hrjvd pde` trjbjenjf`r  `u j `i`rrì `i`rrìmik mikj j fd g`t g`tkv` kv`ss `bldi `blditkv tkvjgd jgdmtd mtd kgp kgputê utêvd vdks ks d vdr vdrkaki kakiêvd êvdks ks d sd t`g t`gd d kgp`ssçvde j gjmutdmèé` fj rdejèé` lurçfki`-ejb`rje. (jrt. 2?4¼ fj EHV). @ p`fdr fd fdspdfkr ekvrdgdmtd i`mstktuk, j` gdsg` tdgp`, ugj dxprdssé` tçpkij d ug kmstrugdmt` `pdrjtùrk` kmfkspdmsêvde fdssj i`midpèé` fj dgprdsj. J p`skèé` fd suprdgjikj f` dgprdhjf`r jakrgj-sd, aumfjgdmtjegdmtd, i`g bjsd mj p`sskbkekfjfd fd ajzdr idssjr, dg qujequdr g`gdmt` d p`r qujequdr g`tkv`, ` vçmiue` lurçfki` qud i`mstktuk ` sup`rtd fj subskstìmikj f` trjbjen`, d i`ms`ekfj-sd i`g j jakrgjèé` f` ijrêitdr ―akfuikêrk`‗ d ―pdss`je‗ fj rdejèé` fd trjbjen`, j pjrtkr f` quje sd `pdrj j ―sublditkvjèé`‗ f` fdspdfkgdmt`. @ fdspdfkgdmt` p`fd sdr kmfkvkfuje `u i`editkv`.

 J. Fdspdfkgdmt` kmfkvkfuje kmfkvkfuje Dxkstdg i`mfkèôds m`rgjtkvjs fdakmkf`rjs fd ug skstdgj tdmfdmtd ï ―dstjbkekfjfd rdje rdje‗. ‗. Yù jç j km kmvj vjekekfj fjèé èé` ` f` fd fdsp spdf dfkg kgdm dmt` t` keç keçik ikt` t` ji jijr jrrd rdtj tj j rdkm rdkmtd tdhr hrjè jèé` é` f` trjbjenjf`r dg tdrg`s qud j ajzdg fdpdmfdr, dxieuskvjgdmtd, fj v`mtjfd fdstd. Gjs j daditkvkfjfd f` gdijmksg` fdpdmfd, fd g`f` vktje, fj idedrkfjfd f` pr`idss` fd kgpuhmjèé` f` fdspdfkgdmt`, pdrjmtd ugj lustkèj edmtj, j prùprkj a`rèj fjs ikriumstâmikjs sd dmijrrdhjrê fd dsvjzkjr fd sdmtkf` ütke j nkpùtdsd fd rdjfgkssé`. Zujmf` ` fdspdfkgdmt` a`r kmvjekfjf` `u t`rmjf` kmdakijz, ` rdt`rm` ï sktujèé` jmtdrk`r mé` i`mvkrê sdqudr, p`rvdmturj, j` prùprk` trjbjenjf`r. 



Fdspdfkgdmt` ―p`r ajit` kgputêvde j` trjbjenjf`r‗ (fdspdfkgdmt` fksikpekmjr)3 Fdspdfkgdmt` p`r lustj ijusj `blditkvj. 96

 

j. Fdsp Fdspdfkgd dfkgdmt` mt` ―p`r ―p`r ajit` kgputêvde kgputêvde j` trjbjen trjbjenjf`r jf`r‗‗ (fdspdfkgdm (fdspdfkgdmt` t` fksikpekmjr)3 j) Aumf Aumfjgdmt jgdmt` ` pjr pjrj j`f fdspd dspdfkgdm fkgdmt` t` fk fksikpe sikpekmjr kmjr

@ dgprdhjf`r sù p`fd fdspdfkr ` sdu trjbjenjf`r mjs i`mfkèôds sdhukmtds< qujmf` nê ajetjs kmlustkakijfjs j` trjbjen`, fdsfd qud dxidfjg trìs (9) fkjs p`r gìs `u f`zd (:2) p`r jm` `u, kmfdpdmfdmtdgdmtd f` sdu mugdr`, fdsfd qud sdljg ijusj fd prdluçz`s `u rksi`s hrjvds pjrj j dgprdsj3 ` kmiugprkgdmt` f` n`rêrk` fd trjbjen` gjks fd ikmi` (4) vdzds p`r gìs3 j fds`bdfkìmikj hrjvd, `u rdpdtkfj, j `rfdms d kmstruèôds edhçtkgjs f`s supdrk`rds nkdrêrquki`s d f`s rdsp`msêvdks pdej `rhjmkzjèé` d aumik`mjgdmt` fj dgprdsj `u idmtrd fd trjbjen`3 ` fdskmtdrdssd rdpdtkf` pde` iugp iu gprk rkgd gdmt mt` ` fjs fjs `b `brkh rkhjè jèôd ôdss km kmdr drdm dmtd tdss j` ij ijrh rh` ` `u aumè aumèôd ôdss qu qud d en end d ds dstd tdlj ljg g jtrkbuçfjs3 js `admsjs vdrbjks `u açskijs j trjbjenjf`rds fj dgprdsj, j` dgprdhjf`r  d sdus rdprdsdmtjmtds `u supdrk`rds nkdrêrquki`s3 j kmfksikpekmj hrjvd, pdrturbjf`rj fj `rhjmkzjèé` d aumik`mjgdmt` f` idmtr` fd trjbjen`3 ` aurt`, r`ub`, jbus` fd i`makjmèj, burej d `utrjs arjufds prjtkijfjs mj dgprdsj `u furjmtd j rdjekzjèé` f` trjbjen`3 qudbrj f` skhke` pr`akssk`mje `u fd sdhrdf`s fj pr`fuèé` d `utr`s ijs`s fd fdsedjefjfd, fd qud rdsuetdg prdluçz`s hrjvds pjrj j dgprdsj3 fjm`s ijusjf`s kmtdmi kmt dmik`m k`mjeg jegdmt dmtd d `u i`g md mdhek hekhìm hìmikj ikj hrj hrjvd, vd, mjs kmstje kmstjejè jèôds ôds,, dqu dqukpj kpjgdm gdmt`s t`s d km kmst stru rugd gdmt mt`s `s fd tr trjb jbje jen` n` `u mj pr pr`f `fuè uèé` é`,, d qu qud d sd sdlj ljg g ij ijus usj j fd rdfu rdfuèé èé` ` `u kmtdrrupèé` f` pr`idss` pr`futkv` `u prdluçz` hrjvd pjrj j dgprdsj3 j rdfuèé` i`mtkmujfj f` rdmfkgdmt` f` trjbjen`, tdmf` p`r rdadrìmikj js gdtjs dstjbdedikfjs d ` mç mçvd vdee njbk njbktu tuje je fd rd rdmf mfkg kgdm dmt` t`33 ` sub` sub`rm rm` ` jitk jitkv` v` `u pj pjss sskv kv` ` d j i` i`rr rrup upèé èé`, `, rdejik`mjf`s i`g ` trjbjen` `u i`g `s bdms d kmtdrdssds fj dgprdsj3 j dgbrkjhudz `u t`x t`xki` ki`fd fdpdm pdmfìm fìmikj ikj qud qud sd rdpdri rdpdriutj utjg g mdh mdhjtk jtkvjg vjgdmt dmtd d m` trj trjbje bjen`3 n`3 j aje ajetj tj fd iugprkgdmt` fjs rdhrjs d kmstruèôds fd sdhurjmèj m` trjbjen`, d ajetj fd nkhkdmd pdss`je `u rdejik`mjfj i`g ` trjbjen`, qujmf` sdljg rdpdtkfjs `u, m` üetkg` ijs`, fé` euhjr j qudkxjs lustkakijfjs f`s i`gpjmndkr`s fd trjbjen`. b) J mu muekf ekfjfd jfd fd f fdsp dspdfk dfkgdm gdmt`. t`.

:) Ijus Ijusjj f fjj mu muekfjf ekfjfdd fd fdspdfkgd fdspdfkgdmt`. mt`. @ fdspdfkgdmt` d mue` sdgprd qud j` trjbjenjf`r mé` sdlj rdgdtkfj `u dmtrdhud j i`mv`ijèé` pjrj j dmtrdvkstj, j qud sd rdadrd ` m¼ 2 f` jrtkh` 6>¼, sdgprd qud dstj sd mé` rdjekzd p`r iuepj f` dgprdhjf`r `u sdgprd qud j` trjbjenjf`r mé` sdlj adktj 94

 

j i`gumkijèé` fd fdspdfkgdmt` m`s tdrg`s f` m¼2 f` jrtkh` 4?¼. D khujegdmtd mue` fdspdf fds pdfkgd kgdmt` mt` qu qud d tdm tdmnj nj p`r aumfjg aumfjgdmt dmt`< `< js `pk `pkmkô mkôds ds p` p`eçtk eçtkijs ijs,, kfd kfd`eù `eùhki hkijs js `u rdekhk`sjs f` trjbjenjf`r3 j akekjèé` `u mé` akekjèé` skmfkije dg fdtdrgkmjf` skmfkijf`3 ` qujequdr `utr` g`tkv` qud m`s tdrg`s f` m¼: f` jrtkh` 6¼ d fj jeçmdj b) f` m¼2 f` jrtkh` :;¼ sdlj aumfjgdmt` fd fksirkgkmjèé`,

2) Dadkt Dadkt` ` fj fdiejrj fdiejrjèé` èé` fj muekfj muekfjfd fd f` fdspdf fdspdfkgdmt kgdmt` ` Zujmf` ` fdspdfkgdmt` ë fdiejrjf` mue` pde` trkbumje ` dgprdhjf`r d `brkhjf` j pr`idfdr j rdkmtdhrjèé` d pjhjr-end `s sjeêrk`s d i`gpedgdmt`s qud dstd fdkx`u fd rdidbdr jtd j rdkmtdhrjèé`, jtë j` ekgktd gêxkg` fd sdks gdsds tje qud prdvkst` m` m¼ 9 f` jrtkh` 2?;¼ @ dgprdhjf`r, sd ` fdspdfkgdmt` ë fdiejrjf` mue` p`fd m` prjz` fd ikmi` fkjs ütdks d jmtd jmtdss fd rd rdkm kmtd tdhr hrjr jr ` tr trjb jbje jenj njf` f`rr supr suprkr kr js krrdh krrdhue uejr jrkf kfjf jfds ds f` pr`i pr`idf dfkgd kgdmt mt` ` fksi fk sikp kpekekmj mjr. r. Mj sktu sktujè jèé` é` ` dgpr dgprdh dhjf jf`r `r d `b `brk rkhj hjf` f` j pj pjhj hjrr `s sjeê sjeêrk rk`s `s d `s i`gpedgdmt`s qud ` trjbjenjf`r fdkx`u fd rdidbdr jtë j` g`gdmt` fj i`gumkijèé` fj m`vj fdiksé` fd fdspdfkgdmt`, sd j gjmtkvdr. J muekfjfd f` fdspdfkgdmt` d fdiejrjfj pde` trkbumje i`gpdtdmtd, m`s tdrg`s f` jrtkh` 9?8¼.

b. Fdsp Fdspdfkgd dfkgdmt` mt` kmfkvkf kmfkvkfuje uje p`r ijusj ijusjss `blditkvj `blditkvjs3 s3 j. Aumf Aumfjgdmt jgdmt` ` fd fdspd fdspdfkgdm fkgdmt` t` kmfkvk kmfkvkfuje fuje p`r lus lustj tj ijusj ijusjs s `bldit `blditkvjs. kvjs.

Zujmf` j dgprdsj dmardmtj `s pr`bedgjs di`mùgki`s, tdim`eùhki`s `u dstruturjks fdvkfjgd fdvk fjgdmtd mtd i`gp i`gpr`vjf r`vjf`s `s qud kgpekqudg kgpekqudg rd`rhjmkz rd`rhjmkzjèé` jèé` `u rdi` rdi`mvdrs mvdrsé` é` kmtdrm kmtdrmj, j, rdfuèé` `u dmidrrjgdmt` fd jitkvkfjfd d fdstds ajit`s rdsuetjr j mdidsskfjfd fd dxtkmhukr `u trjmsa`rgjr fd a`rgj substjmikje p`st`s fd trjbjen`, p`fd ` dgprdhjf`r  pr`g`vdr ` fdspdfkgdmt` f`s trjbjenjf`rds qud `iupdg dssds p`st`s. b. _r`id _r`idfkgdm fkgdmt` t` pjrj ` fdspd fdspdfkgdm fkgdmt` t` kmfkv kmfkvkfuje kfuje p` p`rr lustj ijus ijusj j `blditk `blditkvjs. vjs.

Zujmf` ` dgprdhjf`r prdtdmfj pr`g`vdr ` fdspdfkgdmt` i`g `s aumfjgdmt`s m` jrtkh` 2:?¼ fj EHV, fdsfd qud ` mugdr` fd trjbjenjf`rds j fdspdfkr sdlj fd jtë vkmtd vkm td (2? (2?), ), fdv fdvd d prd prdvkj vkjgdm gdmtd td dmv dmvkjr kjr i`g i`gumk umkijè ijèé` é` dsi dsirkt rktj j j Kms Kmspd pdièé ièé` ` Hdr Hdrje je f` Vrjbjen`, kmfkijmf` m` quje fdvdrê jprdsdmtjr js rjzôds di`mùgkijs, tdim`eùhkijs `u dstruturjks qud kgpôdg j `rhjmkzjèé`, rdfuèé` `u dmidrrjgdmt` d j fdsirkèé` fdstjs3 `s p`st`s fd trjbjen` jaditjf`s, i`g kmfkijèé` f` mugdr` fd trjbjenjf`rds qud qu d rd rdpr prds dsdm dmtj tjg g d fj rd rdsp spdi ditktkvj vj qu quje jekakaki kijè jèé` é` pr`a pr`aks kssk sk`m `mje je33 js gd gdfk fkfj fjss fd 91

 

rd`rhjmkzjèé`, rdfuèé` fd jitkvkfjfds `u dmidrrjgdmt` fd sdrvkè`s i`g qud ` dgprdhjf`r prdtdmfd jlustjr ` aumik`mjgdmt` fj dgprdsj @T dstjbdedikgdmt` j sktujèé` dxkstdmtd3 `s irktërk`s j utkekzjr mj sdedièé` f`s trjbjenjf`rds j fdspdfkr3 j p`sskbkekfjfd `u kgp`sskbkekfjfd fd trjmsadrkr dssds trjbjenjf`rds, m` t`f` `u dg pjrtd, pjrj `utr`s p`st`s fd trjbjen` dxkstdmtds `u j irkjr, p`r a`rèj fj rd`rhjmkzjèé` d pjrj `s qujks sdlj dxkhkfj j gdsgj `u kfìmtkij qujekakijèé` pr`akssk`mje d qud td tdmn mnjg jg fkrd fkrdktkt` ` j sj sjeê eêrk rk` ` kh khuj ujee `u supd supdrk rk`r `r33 d `u `utr trjs js km kma` a`rg rgjè jèôd ôdss qu qud d lu lueh ehud ud i`mskfdrjfjs ütdks.  J Kmspdièé` Hdrje f` Vrjbjen` p`fd m` prjz` fd qukmzd fkjs ütdks daditujr js fkekhìmikj qud i`mskfdrjr mdidssêrk`s pjrj ug gden`r dsiejrdikgdmt` dstj sktujèé`. @s trjbjenjf`rds `u sdus rdprdsdmtjmtds p`fdg, dg ijs` fd fksi`rfâmikj i`g ` fdsp fd spdf dfkg kgdm dmt` t`,, kg kgpu puhm hmjr jr j fd fdik iksé sé` ` m` trkb trkbum umje je i`gp i`gpdt dtdm dmtd td,, sd sdg g prdl prdluç uçz` z` f` f`ss gdijmksg`s fd rds`euèé` dxtrjlufkikje fd i`maekt`s prdvkst`s mj prdsdmtd Edk. (jrtkh` 2::¼ m¼: fj EHV) B. Fds Fdspdf pdfkgd kgdmt` mt` i`editk i`editkv`. v`.

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