APN-070 Reactance Method Distance Protection (RMD) Compensation Factors
December 4, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) www.skgdgos.had/skpratgh7 Kotgro
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars I^O->3>, G`ktkao 9
Haotgot 9
Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars ................................................................. 8
9.9
Kotra`uhtkao .................................................................................................................................................... 8
9.6
Fiskhs.............................................................................................................................................................. 8
9.8
9.6.9
Laap Gquitkao ......................................................................................................................................... 8
9.6.6
Crauo` eiults .......................................................................................................................................... 0
9.6.8
Hadpgositkao eihtars.............................................................................................................................. 0
9.6.0
^bisg-ta ^bisg Eiult................................................................................................................................ 7
Gxidplg wktb `gtiklg` saurhg `iti ................................................................................................................... 5 9.8.9
Hilhulitg @r io` Jx sgttkoc ear ]aog 9 ...................................................................................................... 3
9.8.6
Hilhulitg ]aog 6 fauo`iry (eihtar “o—) “o—) ..................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... 3
9.8.8
Hilhulitg Jr io` Jx sgttkoc ear ]aog 6 ...................................................................................................... 3
9.8.0
]aog 9= Hadpgositkao iocgls ear ogc. io` zgra sgqugohg,
9.8.7
]aog 6= Hadpgositkao iocgls ear ogc. io` zgra sgqugohg,
io`
................................. ............................... 2
Q io` Q ............................... ............................. 9>
9.0
Gxidplg wktb lkdktg` koearditkao rgcir`koc saurhg kdpg`iohg `iti................................................................ 96
9.7
Xkdulitg io` Hbghj ‘ fisg` ao gxidplg wktb `gtiklg` saurhg `iti .................................................................. 98
9.5
9.7.9
Pgsts it ]aog 9 fauo`iry....................................................................................................................... 98
9.7.6
Pgsts it ]aog 6 fauo`iry....................................................................................................................... 97
Haohluskao .................................................................................................................................................... 95
I^O->3>
6
G`ktkao 9
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
9 Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars Eihtars 9.9 Kotra`uhtkao Pbks `ahudgot pravk`gs i `gshrkptkao ae tbg @kstiohg pratghtkao wktb VD@ dgtba` eahuskoc ao tbg lai` hadpgositkao io` tbg hadpgositkao eihtars tbit hio fg sgt. Pbg koelugohg ae i oao-badacgoaus saurhg kdpg`iohg ks `gshrkfg`. Pbg `gshrkptkao ks tbgo suppartg` fy dgios ae io ipplkhitkao gxidplg io` skdulitkao rgsults fisg` ao tbg gxidplg ipplkhitkao.
9.6 Fiskhs @kstiohg pratghtkao dust gstiflksb tbg eiult lahitkao fisg` ao io kdpg`iohg dgisurgdgot. Pbg laap kdpg`iohg erad tbg rgliy ta tbg eiult lahitkao kohlu`gs tbg eiult rgskstiohg it tbg eiult lahitkao (VE ko `kicrid fglaw). Is tbg valticg ihrass VE `gpgo`s ao tbg eiult hurrgot (KE) it tbg eiult lahitkao, l ahitkao, wbkhb kohlu`gs tbg koegg` erad tbg rgdatg go`, tbks wkll ieeght tbg rgsult ae tbg kdpg`iohg dgisurgdgot. Pbg Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) kohlu`gs i lai` hadpgositkao wbkhb glkdkoitgs tbg eiult rgskstiohg erad tbg laap gquitkao. Pbks lai` hadpgositkao warjs fgst ko i badacgoaus systgd: suhb i systgd bis tbg sidg kdpg`iohg ioclg ao fatb sk`gs ae tbg eiult lahitkao. Ko dast ipplkhitkaos tbks ks ippraxkditgly trug sa tbit tbg hadpgositkao ioclgs `gshrkfg` `gshrkfg` bgrg `a oat bivg ta fg ipplkg`.
9.6.9 Laap Gquitkao Pbg cgogrilkzg` laap gquitkao ear tbg VD@ ks fisg` ao tbg eallawkoc skoclg lkog rgprgsgotitkao (hapkg` erad diouil)=
Ekcurg 9= Lkog Xupplkg` erad 6 Xk`gs (9-^alg Vgprgsgotitkao) Fisg` ao tbg ifavg skoclg lkog `kicrid, tbg laap gquitkaos ar tbg crauo` eiult io` tbg pbisg ta pbisg eiults irg `grkvg`. Pbg 8-pbisg eiults irg dgisurg` wktb i laap fisg` ao pasktkvg sgqugohg vilugs. Ear tbg 8 pbisg eiults oa hadpgositkao eihtars ipply.
G`ktkao 9
8
I^O->3>
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
9.6.6 9.6.6
Crauo` eiults
Ekcurg 6= Xbart Hkrhukt ae i ^bisg-ta Crauo` Laap Io` sa, tbg crauo` laap gquitkao ks ckvgo is eallaws=
Sbgo tbg systgd ks badacgoaus, tbg kdpg`iohg ioclgs ao tbg I io` F sk`g ae tbg eiult lahitkao irg tbg sidg, tbg eihtars wktb tbg hadpgositkao ioclgs irg oat rgqukrg`: tbg `geiult sgttkoc ear hadp ks zgra ( ).
4 9
Sbgo tbg systgd ks oat badacgoaus, tbg saurhg kdpg`iohg it tbg twa sk`gs, I io` F, bivg `keegrgot kdpg`iohg ioclgs, hadpgositkao eihtars hio fg sgt ta dijg illawiohg ear tbg oao-badacgogkty.
9.6.8 9.6.8
Hadpgositkao Hadpgositka o eihtars
Pbks ifavg gquitkao kohlu`gs tbg eallawkoc eihtars. ei htars. Pbg sufstktutg hurrgot io` tbg hadpgositkao ioclg tbit irg spghkekhilly usg` ko tbg VD@ `kstiohg pratghtkao dust fg sgt ear fgst rgsults. Pbg eallawkoc tiflg ckvgs i suddiry io` frkge `gshrkptkao ae tbg piridgtgrs=
Pbg hadpgositkao eihtars irg sgttiflg uo`gr tbg cgogril sgttkocs wbgrg tbgy ipply ta ill zaogs io`, aptkaoilly, gihb zaog diy fg sgt ko i`viohg` da`g wktb kts `g`khitg` eihtars. Pbg shrggosbat fglaw sbaws ill tbg hadpgositkao eihtars is sgt ko i zaog wbgo ]aog Xgttkocs ks “i`viohg`—= “i`viohg`—=
I^O->3>
0
G`ktkao 9
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
Pbg rgsk`uil hadpgositkao eihtar, , ks sgt fy `geiult wktb tbg twa piridgtgr Jr io` Jx. Pbg sgttkoc da`g hio fg hbiocg` ko @KCXK ta gotgr tbg `krghtly wktb dicoktu`g io` ioclg=
ta Jr io` Jx tbg lkog ioclg sgttkoc ks ilsa haosk`grg`.
Oatg= Ear tbg haovgrskao erad
9.6.0 9.6.0
^bisg-ta ^bisg Eiult
Pbg pbisg ta pbisg laaps `ags oat bivg i zgra-sgqugohg hadpaogot, bgrg tbg sufstktutg hurrgot ks ilwiys `grkvg` erad tbg ogcitkvg sgqugohg hurrgot. Pbg `kicrid fglaw ks usg` ta `grkvg tbg laap gquitkao.
Ekcurg 8= Xbart Hkrhukt ae i ^bisg-ta-^bisg Laap Erad tbks tbg ^b-^b laap gquitkao ks `grkvg`=
G`ktkao 9
7
I^O->3>
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars Pbks gquitkao kohlu`gs tbg sidg hadpgositkao eihtars, tbg zgra sgqugohg eihtars `a oat ipply=
9.8 Gxidplg wktb `gtiklg` saurhg `iti Pa kllustritg baw tbg hadpgositkao eihtars hio fg hilhulitg` io` ipplkg` io gxidplg wktb skcokekhiotly `keegrgot kdpg`iohg ioclg it tbg twa koegg` sk`gs ks usg`. Pbg `kicrid fglaw kllustritgs tbks ipplkhitkao gxidplg. Pbg rgliy tbit wkll fg haosk`grg` ks `gskcoitg` is “VD@—. Pbg saurhg fgbko` tbg rgliy (X9) ks eg` fy avgrbgi` lkogs io` trioseardgrs sa tbit kt k t bis i lircg kdpg`iohg ioclg. Pbg rgdatg saurhg ks supplkg` erad i hiflg haooghtg` ogtwarj wktb rglitkvgly sdill kdpg`iohg ioclg. I hiflg, Hif9, ks tbg egg`gr wktb tbg sdillgst kdpg`iohg (sbartgst) it tbg rgdatg go` io` kt wkll fg usg` ta ekx tbg ]aog 6 fauo`iry.
Ear tbg hilhulitkao ae tbg hadpgositkao eihtars tbg lkog io` hiflg `iti is wgll is tbg zaog rgihb sgttkocs irg rgqukrg`. Pbg tiflg fglaw lksts tbg jgy systgd kdpg`iohg `iti ipplkhiflg ta tbks gxidplg ogtwarj=
Pbg VD@ wkll fg sgt fisg ao tbg ABL kdpg`iohg wktb 6 zaogs is eallaws= ]aog 9 4 2>% ]aog 6 4 987%
I^O->3>
5
G`ktkao 9
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
9.8.9 9.8.9
Hilhulitg @r io` Jx sgttkoc ear ]aog 9
Pbg ]aog 9 ks sgt s gt ta uo`grrgihb, tbg dgisurg` laap up ta tbg zaog fauo`iry aoly haotikos tbg ABL kdpg`iohg, io` tbgrgearg tbg Jr io` Jx sgttkoc hio fg hilhulitg` wktb tbg ABL9 `iti=
9Q 4 98 ∛ > 9 ∖ 9 9Q 4 9 4 98 ∛ 9,7 >,8 ∖ 9 4 9,88 9Q 4 98 ∛ > 9 ∖ 9 9Q 4 98 ∛ 95,0 0,9 ∖ 9 4 9 9.8.6 9.8.6
Hilhulitg ]aog 6 fauo`iry fauo`iry (eihtar “o—) “o—)
Pa hilhulitg tbg Jr io` Jx piridgtgrs ear ]aog 6, tbg tatil pasktkvg io` zgra sgqugohg kdpg`iohg fgtwggo tbg rgliy io` tbg ]aog 6 fauo`iry ipplkgs. Pbks kohlu`gs tbg gotkrg ABL kdpg`iohg plus i sghtkao ae tbg hiflg= Baw dioy jd kota Hif9 `ags tbg zaog 6 rgihb1
9 ∖9Q9 6QQ 4 9Q9 ∛9Qℏ 7,787∖∖ 0,9 ∛ 6> 4 99,53 6QQ 4 7,787 99,53 6,70 Fisg` ao tbks tbg “laap— kdpg`iohg ae ]aog 6 hio fg hilhulitg` is eallaws= eallaws=
Pbg eihtar “o— `grkvg` bgrg ko`khitgs wbit pgrhgoticg ae tbg hiflg kdpg`iohg ks kohlu`g` ko tbg zaog 6 zaog 6 sgt rgihb. Pbg eihtar “o— wkll fg usg` ko sgvgril hilhulitkaos fglaw! fglaw!
9.8.8 9.8.8
Hilhulitg Jr io` Jx sgttkoc ear ]aog 6
Wskoc tbg laap kdpg`iohgs erad ifavg tiflg, tbg Jr io` Jx ear ]aog 6 hio fg hilhulitg` is eallaws=
6Q 4 98 ∛ > 9 ∖ 9 6Q 4 98 ∛ 7,;07 9,326 ∖9 4 >,33; 9 > 9Q 4 8 ∛ 9 9 ∖ ∖ 9 G`ktkao 9
3
I^O->3>
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
9Q 4 98 ∛ 9;,63 7,787 ∖ 9 4 >,263 Oatg tbit tbg “lkog ioclg— ear zaog 6 dust ilsa fg sgt is hilhulitg` ko tbg tiflg ifavg (36,95¾).
9.8.0 9.8.0
]aog 9= Hadpgositkao iocgls ear ogc. io` zgra sgqugohg,
Q io`
Q
Pbg ioclg hadpgositkao eihtars wkll harrght tbg koelugohg ae i oao-badacgoaus laap kdpg`iohg (kdpg`iohg ioclg ao saurhg io` rgdatg sk`g ae eiult lahitkao irg oat tbg sidg). Pbg hadpgositkao ioclgs irg hilhulitg` it tbg rgspghtkvg zaog fauo`irkgs. Ko tbg `kicrid fglaw tbg gqukvilgot hkrhukt (cgogrilkzg` ear zgra io` ogcitkvg sgqugohg) ear `grkvkoc tbg gquitkao usg` ta hilhulitg tbg hadpgositkao ioclg ks sbawo. Pbg hadpgositkao ioclg gquils tbg ioclg `keegrgohg fgtwggo tbg hurrgot elawkoc kota tbg hkrhukt it tbg fattad io` tbg K6 (ar K>) dgisurg` fy tbg rgliy.
K6 ar K> ]I
d³ ]L
(9-d)³ ]L
]F
Vgliy
Gquitkao ear zgra sgqugohg hadpgositkao ioclg=
Gquitkao 9 Pbg vilugs tbit dust fg ipplkg` ko tbks gquitkao ear ]aog 9 irg lkstg` ko tbg tiflg fglaw. Oatg, tbg saurhg kdpg`iohg, ]F, kohlu`gs tbg Hif9 kdpg`iohg ko tbks gxidplg=
Sktb tbks `iti tbg oudgritar io` `goadkoitar ae tbg gquitkao ifavg hio fg `gtgrdkog`=
I^O->3>
2
G`ktkao 9
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
Pbg zgra-sgqugohg hadpgositkao ioclg
9QQ ear ]aog 9 hio tbgo giskly fg hilhulitg` wktb tbg ioclgs ko ifavg
tiflg=
9 4 irc irc> + > + > > ∖ irc( irc(9 ∖ d]L> +]F>) 4 90,>87¾ Pbg sidg prahg`urg ks ipplkg` ear tbg ogcitkvg sgqugohg ioclg fy uskoc tbg ogcitkvg sgqugohg kdpg`iohg kdpg`iohg==
Sktb tbks `iti tbg oudgritar io` `goadkoitar ae tbg gquitkao hio fg `gtgrdkog`=
Pbg ogc-sgqugohg hadpgositkao ioclg
9QQ ear ]aog 9 hio hi o tbgo giskly fg hilhulitg` wktb tbg ioclgs ko ifavg
tiflg=
9 4 irc irc6 + 6 +6 +6 ∖ irc( irc(9 ∖ dd]L6+ ]F6) 4 ;,7>2¾
G`ktkao 9
;
I^O->3>
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
9.8.7 9.8.7
]aog 6= Hadpgositkao iocgls ear ogc. io` zgra sgqugohg, Q
Q io`
Ear zaog 6 tbg sidg gquitkaos ipply. Pbg kdpg`iohg vilugs dust bawgvgr fg hilhulitg` fisg` ao tbg zaog fauo`iry ae zaog 6. Ko tbg `kicrid fglaw tbg gqukvilgot hkrhukt (cgogrilkzg` ear zgra io` ogcitkvg sgqugohg) ear `grkvkoc tbg gquitkao ear hilhulitkao ae tbg hadpgositkao ioclg ks sbawo. Pbg hadpgositkao ioclg gquils tbg ioclg `keegrgohg fgtwggo tbg hurrgot elawkoc ko it tbg fattad io` tbg ogcitkvg (ar zgra) sgqugohg hurrgot dgisurg` fy tbg rgliy. Ear tbg hilhulitkao tbg eihtar “o— gstiflksbg` girlkgr ipplkgs. Pbg eihtar “o— is hilhulitg` ifavg (Jr io` Jx sgttkoc ae ]aog 6), ks gquil ta >,728 (72,88%).
K6 ar K> ]I
]L+ o³ ]H
(9-o)³ ]H
]F
Vgliy
Pbg eallawkoc tiflg sbaws tbg hilhulitkao stgps (Oatg ear tbg hilhulitkao tbg oudgritar ks tbg sud ae ill il l kdpg`iohgs io` rgdikos tbg sidg, tbg `goadkoitar ks tbg sud ae tbg kdpg`iohgs ao tbg rkcbtbio` sk`g ae tbg eiult lahitkao)=
Sktb tbks `iti tbg oudgritar io` `goadkoitar ae tbg gquitkao hio fg `gtgrdkog`=
Pbg zgra-sgqugohg hadpgositkao ioclg
6QQ ear ]aog 6 hio tbgo giskly fg hilhulitg` wktb tbg ioclgs ko ifavg
tiflg=
I^O->3>
9>
G`ktkao 9
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
6 4 irc irc> + > > + > > ∖ irc( irc(9 ∖ oo]hif>+ ]F>) 4 99,9¾ Pbg sidg prahg`urg hio fg ipplkg` ear tbg ogcitkvg sgqugohg ioclg=
Pbg ogc-sgqugohg hadpgositkao ioclg
hi o tbgo giskly fg hilhulitg` wktb tbg ioclgs ko ifavg 6QQ ear ]aog 6 hio
tiflg=
6 4 irc irc6 +6 + 6 6 ∖ irirc( c(9 ∖ oo]hif6+ ]F6) 4 0,5¾
G`ktkao 9
99
I^O->3>
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
9.0 Gxidplg wktb lkdktg` koearditkao rgcir`koc saurhg kdpg`iohg `iti Sbit ke aoly lkdktg` `iti rgcir`koc tbg saurhg kdpg`iohgs ks ivikliflg. Ko tbks hisg tbg hadpgositkao ioclgs hiooat fg `gtgrdkog` gxihtly. Kostgi` tbgy hio fg gstkditg`, ar tbg `geiult sgttkoc ae >¾ hio fg usg`. Ko dioy ipplkhitkaos, uskoc tbg `geiult sgttkoc ae >¾ ks tbg fgst hadpradksg. Iltgroitkvgly, tbg ivikliflg lkdktg` `iti diy fg usg` ta i`ipt tbg hadpgositkao ioclg sgttkoc. Pbg dgtba`s prgsgotg` ear tbks ippraihb irg tbgargtkhilly `grkvg`. Pbg `iti ivikliflg ko tbks gxidplg ks lkdktg` ta wbit ks sbawo ko tbg tiflg fglaw tbg skoclg lkog=
Ekcurg 0= Lkog Xupplkg` erad 6 Xk`gs (9-^alg Vgprgsgotitkao)
Pbg hadpgositkao ioclgs hiooat fg hilhulitg` is ko tbg gxidplg ifavg, uskoc g.c. Gquitkao 9, `ug ta tbg lihj ae `gtiklg` saurhg kdpg`iohg `iti. I caa` hadpradksg ks ta ipply fauo`iry hao`ktkaos fisg` ao typkhil (gxpgrkgohg) vilugs ear saurhg `iti. (tbks hio fg vgrkekg` fy gviluitkao ae `ksturfiohg rghar`s) rghar`s)..
I^O->3>
96
G`ktkao 9
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars Hadpgositkao Ioclg Xgttkoc 6>
97
I sk`g ks straocgr koegg` 9>
e ]I - e ]F
7
c o k t t g X . c > o I . p d a H
67 97
Dix Ioclg `keegrgohg < 9>¾
9> > -9>
-7
-97 -67 -9>
-97
-6> >,6
>,0
>, 2
Xtraoc Koegg`
9,5
8,6
Sgij Koegg`
]I / ]F
Wskoc tbg ifavg cripb, tbg hadpgositkao ioclg hio fg gstkditg`. Fisg` ao tbg fusfir sbart hkrhukt hurrgots, tbg sk`g I bis i ogcitkvg sgqugohg saurhg kdpg`iohg tbit ks sdillgr tbio sk`g F=
|| 4 QQ 4 >.67 >.; || | QQ
Ke wg issudg tbit it 986jU tbg kdpg`iohg ioclg `keegrgohg fgtwggo tbg saurhgs (io` tbg lkog) ks lgss tbio 9>¾ tbgo i sgttkoc ear tbg ogcitkvg sgqugohg hadpgositkao ioclg hio fg `grkvg` erad tbg `kicrid= ippraxkditgly fgtwggo -6¾ ta +6¾. Bgrg iciko tbg aptkao ae uskoc tbg `geiult sgttkoc ae >¾ ks dgotkaog` fghiusg kt ks i caa` hadpradksg. I sglghtkao fisg` ao tbg cripb waul` fg `aog uskoc tbg eallawkoc rulg=
Pbgrgearg, ear ]aog 9 tbg sgttkoc ae -6¾ ks usg` io` ear ]aog 6 tbg sgttkoc ae +6¾ hio fg usg`.
9.7 Xkdulitg io` Hbghj ‘ fisg` ao gxidplg wktb `gtiklg` saurhg `iti Sktb ill tbg hadpgositkao eihtars sgt, eiults irg da`gllg` ta kllustritg tbg harrght apgritkao ae tbg sgttkocs. Eiults irg ipplkg` it tbg ]aog 9 io` ]aog ] aog 6 fauo`iry io` tbg laap hilhulitkao ks hbghjg` wktb XKCVI.
9.7.9 9.7.9
Pgsts it ]aog 9 fauo`iry
Fatb skoclg pbisg ta crauo` io` pbisg ta pbisg eiults irg skdulitg` it tbg zaog 9 fauo`iry.
G`ktkao 9
98
I^O->3>
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
Pbg ifavg `kicrid wis aftikog` fy da`gllkoc i eiult IC wktb 7 Abd eiult rgskstiohg it tbg zaog 9 fauo`iry. Pbg dixkdud `gvkitkao erad tbg sgt zaog 9 rgihb wis 97 d (>,05%). Pbg dgisurgdgot wis `aog fy ipplkhitkao ae K> is wgll is K6 is sufstktutg: sbawo is sgpiritg hurvgs ko tbg `kicrid. Hbghj icikost uo-hadpgositg` dgisurgdgots Pbg ifavg `kicrid sbaws vgry caa` rgsults wktb tbg hadpgositg` dgisurgdg dgisurgdgot. ot. Pa kllustritg tbg fgogekt ae hadpgositkao i hadpirksao wktb uohadpgositg` dgisurgdgots dgisurgdgots ks sbawo fglaw. Pbg VD@ hadpgositkao ioclgs irg lget ao `geiult (hadp 4>) io` tbg haovgotkaoil `kstiohg pratghtkao wktbaut lai` hadpgositkao irg usg` ko tbg hadpirksao fglaw.
Pbks hadpirksao sbaws tbit tbg uohadpgositg` dgisurgdgot bis skcokekhiot `gvkitkao hadpirg` ta tbg hadpgositg` dgisurgdgot. Pbg haovgotkaoil kdpg`iohg pratghtkao bis i lai` ioclg `gpgo`gohy tbit ks supgrkdpasg` ao tbg dgisurkoc grrar `ug ta oao-badacgogkty. oao-badacgog kty. It oa lai` (lai` ioclg 4 >) kt bis i rgsult skdklir ta VD@ wktbaut hadpgositkao ioclgs. Sktb lai` gxpart kt dgisurgs i sdillgr kdpg`iohg io` wktb lai` kdpart i lircgr kdpg`iohg.
I^O->3>
90
G`ktkao 9
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
Pbg ifavg `kicrid wis aftikog` fy da`gllkoc i eiult FC wktb eiult rgskstiohg kohrgiskoc erad > Abd ta 9> Abd. Pbg lai` ioclg wis -9>¾ . Pbg dixkdud `gvkitkao erad tbg sgt zaog 9 rgihb wis 68 d (>,39%). Pbg dgisurgdgot wis `aog fy ipplkhitkao ae K> is wgll is K6 is sufstktutg: sbawo is sgpiritg hurvgs ko tbg `kicrid. Ekoilly, i sgt ae tgsts irg `aog wktb ^b-^b eiults=
Pbg pbisg ta pbisg eiults irg ilsa dgisurg` wktb ogclkckflg `gvkitkao erad tbg gxpghtg` eiult rgihtiohg.
9.7.6 9.7.6
Pgsts it ]aog 6 fauo`iry
Fatb skoclg pbisg ta crauo` io` pbisg ta pbisg eiults irg skdulitg` it tbg zaog 6 fauo`iry ta hbghj ke tbg hilhulitg` hadpgositkao eihtars irg harrght. Pbg `kicrid fglaw kllustritgs tbg geeghtkvgogss ae tbg hadpgositkao ioclgs.
G`ktkao 9
97
I^O->3>
XK^VAPGH 7 Ipplkhitkao Vgihtiohg Dgtba` @kstiohg ^ratghtkao (VD@) Hadpgositkao Eihtars
Pbg uohadpgositg` VD@ (K> 4 >¾ io` K6 4 >¾) sbaw i rglitkvgly haostiot pasktkvg grrar io` tbg haovgotkaoil `kstiohg pratghtkao bis i lai` ioclg `gpgo`got `gvkitkao, skdklir ta wbit wis afsgrvg` it tbg zaog 9 fauo`iry. Pbg hadpgositg` VD@ bis i rgsult wktb koskcokekhiot `gvkitkao erad tbg sgt fauo`iry.
Pbg tgsts wktb IF eiults it tbg zaog 6 fauo`iry haoekrd tbg rgsults.
9.5 Haohluskao Pbg harrght apgritkao ks bkcbly `gpgo`got ao tbg harrght ipplkhitkao ae tbg rgsk`uil ar zgra-sgqugohg hadpgositkao eihtar. Kt ks oat gxplkhktly ko`khitg` ko tbg rgliy diouil io` pgrsaoogl wkll ogg` ta eko` tbks aut. Pbks `ahudgot sbaul` suppart tbg pgrsaoil ipplykoc tbg VD@ dgtba` eahuskoc ao tbg lai` hadpgositkao io` tbg hadpgositkao eihtars tbit hio fg sgt io` supparts ear sglghtkoc tbg dast suktiflg da`gl ear tgstkoc. Kt sbaul` ilsa suppart tbg pgrsaoogl wba sgt rgliys io` tbasg wba tgst tbgd ear i fgttgr uo`grstio`koc ae tbg dgtba`s ae rgsk`uil hadpgositkao, baw tbg rgskstkvg rgihb ks sgt io` ieeghtg` fy tbg hadpgositkao io` baw tbg rgliy rgl iy hbirihtgrkstkhs irg da`glg`.
I^O->3>
95
G`ktkao 9
^uflksbg` fy Xkgdgos IC
Ear tbg W.X. puflksbg` fy Xkgdgos Ko`ustry Koh.
Xdirt Koeristruhturg @kcktil Crk` Budfal`tstrissg 7;
9>> Pghboalacy @rkvg
;>07; Ourgdfgrc, Cgrdioy
Woktg` Xtitgs
Ilpbirgtti, CI 8>>>7
www.skgdgos.had/skpratgh Ear darg koearditkao, plgisg haotiht aur Hustadgr Xuppart Hgotgr. Pgl.=
+0; 92> 760 3> >>
Eix=
+0; 92> 760 60 39
(Hbircgs `gpgo`koc ao pravk`gr) Hustadgr Xuppart= Xuppart= www.skgdgos.had/hsh
© 6>9; Xkgdgos. Xufmght ta hbiocgs io` grrars. Pbg koearditkao ckvgo ko tbks `ahudgot aoly haotikos cgogril `gshrkptkaos io`/ar pgreardiohg egiturgs wbkhb diy oat ilwiys spghkekhilly rgelght tbasg `gshrkfg`, ar wbkhb diy uo`grca da`kekhitkao ko tbg haursg ae eurtbgr `gvglapdgot ae tbg pra`uhts. Pbg rgqugstg` pgreardiohg egiturgs irg fko`koc aoly wbgo tbgy irg gxprgssly icrgg` upao ko tbg haohlu`g` haotriht.
Kotgro
Ear ill pra`uhts uskoc sghurkty egiturgs ae ApgoXXL, tbg eallawkoc sbill ipply= Pbks pra`uht kohlu`gs saetwirg `gvglapg` fy tbg ApgoXXL ^ramght ear usg ko tbg ApgoXXL Paaljkt. (bttp=//www.apgossl.arc/ (bttp=//www.apgossl .arc/ ) Pbks pra`uht kohlu`gs hryptacripbkh saetwirg wrkttgo fy Grkh [auoc (giyNhryptsaet.had ) Pbks pra`uht kohlu`gs saetwirg `gvglapg` fy Fa`a Dagllgr.
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