Aplicación Del Derecho en El Tiempo y en El Espacio

 

 @pegd`dgôh jle Jlrldnm lh le tglfpm y lh le lsp`dgm   Le j jlrldnm lrldnm smem puljl slr ` `pegd`jm pegd`jm lh le tglfp tglfpm m y lh l lee ls lsp`dgm p`dgm jmhjl lalrdl le fgsfm, ls jldgr, e`s elyls qul rgilh `e lst`jm vlhlzme`hm sôem rgilh `quæ, pmrqul lstàh `j`pt`j`s ` e` duetur` vlhlzme`h`. Lstm jl mtr` f`hlr`, gfpegd` qul e`s elyls qul sl `pegd`h lh \T@, Lurmp`, @sg`, ltd., hm `pegd`h lh _lhlzule`, y vgdlvlrs`. Du`hjm lh jlrldnm sl n`be` jl tglfpm, gfpegd` qul e` hmrf` qul rgil `dtu`eflhtl sulel p`s`r pmr fudnms d`fbgms, y e` qul `nmr` `pegd` puljl slr qul lh < m 03 `ðms, y` n`y` sgjm jlrmi`j`.   Lh le tglfpm, hm puljl `pegd`rsl e` fgsf` rlie` nmy qul jur`htl 23 `ðms. Lhtlhjlfms qul e`s hmrf`s auræjgd`s sl dmfpmhlh pmr jms lelflhtms m p`rtls1 le nldnm auræjgdm (eædgtm m geædgtm), y su plrspldtgv` dmhsldulhdg` m rlsuet`jm auræjgdm (loldtm).   Zlhglhjm lh du`ht` le sgihgogd`jm jl e` p`e`br` `pegd`r y p`rtglhjm jle dmhdlptm jle jlrldnm dmfm uh ghstruflhtm nuf`hm, drl`jm ` b`sl jl `s lxgilhdg`s jl e` dmhvgvlhdg` smdg`e1 pmjræ` jldgrsl qul du`hjm çstl lhtr` lh dmht`dtm jgrldtm dmh e` rl`egj`j, pmr e` du`e lst` oul drl`j`, lsl jlrldnm lstà sglhjm `pegd`jm.

 @pegd`dgôh jle jlrldnm lh le Zglfpm Srghdgpgms 0) Lht Lhtr`j r`j` ` lh v vgil gilhdg hdg` ` jl e` e`s s ely elyls ls   Le àfbgtm jl vgilhdg` tlfpmr`e jl uh` hmrf` ls e` pmrdgôh m lsp`dgm jle tglfpm lh qul sl rgil; y lstç dmhsgjlr`j` jl mbegi`tmrgm dufpegfglhtm. Ls jldgr, du`hjm uh` hmrf` ls vgilhtl, slð`e` qul ls `pegd`bel ` tmjms ems e ms d`sms dmhdrltms ` ems du`els v` jgrgigj`, lh du`htm ` lxgilhdg`, pmrqul hm tmj` hmrf`  auræjgd` vgilhtl ls logd`z. logd`z.   Le prghdgpgm ilhlr`e jle ghgdgm jl e` vgilhdg`, rlspldtm ` e`s hmrf`s jl jlrldnm lsdrgtm, dmhtlhgj`s lh elyls lh slhtgjm `fpegm, lstà `huhdg`jm lh le `rtæduem 0± jle Dôjgim Dgvge qul jgdl1  ―E` Ely ls mbegi`tmrg` jlsjl su pubegd`dgôh lh e` I`dlt` Mogdg`e m jlsjl e` oldn` pmstlrgmr qul lee` fgsf` ghjgqul.‖   E` lhtr`j` lh vgilhdg` mplr` jl jms omrf`s1 ghfljg`t`flhtl, ` p`rtgr jl su pubegd`dgôh lh i`dlt` mogdg`e; y jgolrgj`, du`hjm le fgsfm eligse`jmr oga` uh fmflhtm jgstghtm ` e` oldn` jl pubegd`dgôh.   Lh `eiuhms p`æsls, rgil h`j` fàs le prghdgpgm jl vgilhdg` sgfuetàhl`, sliñh le du`e, tmj`s e`s hmrf`s qul dmhomrf`h uh` ely, lhtr`h ` rligr lh uh fgsfm fmflhtm. Mtrms, `jfgtlh qul e`s hmrf`s v`y`h lhtr`hjm sudlsgv`flhtl lh vgilhdg`, dmfm ls le d`sm jle Rlghm jl Lsp`ð`.

 

  Le sgstlf` vlhlzme`hm prlvç qul e`s hmrf`s lhtrlh lh vgilhdg`, lh le fmflhtm fgsfm jl su pubegd`dgôh lh le ôri`hm mogdg`e dmrrlspmhjglhtl, plrm t`fbgçh, le eligse`jmr puljl lst`beldlr e`psms jl v`d`tgm eligs, eligs, (v`d`dgôh jl e` ely, pe`zm jur`htl le du`e hm ls mbegi`tmrg`), lh `quleems d`sms em qul lstgfl plrtghlhtl.   Hmrf`eflhtl, ` e`s elyls ogsd`els sl els j` uh p plrgmjm lrgmjm jl slslht` (?3) j jæ`s, æ`s, p`r` qul ems ghvmeudr`jms sl pmhi`h `e jæ` dmh ems prmdljgfglhtms omrfue`rgms y du`equglr mtrm `spldtm hulvm qul lee`s dmhtlhi`h.   2) Grr Grrltr ltrm` m`dtg dtgvgj vgj`j `j jl ee`s `s el elyls yls   \hm jl ems prghdgpgms fàs lelflht`els qul rgilh e` `pegd`dgôh jl e` ely ` uh lst`jm jl jlrldnm, ls e` grrltrm`dtgvgj`j jl e`s hmrf`s qul sl lxpgj`h.   E` grrltrm`dtgvgj`j jl e` ely sgihgogd` qul, pmr rlie` ilhlr`e, e` ely hm ls `pegd`bel ` nldnms `dmhtldgjms lh le p`s`jm; ls em qul ems aurgst`s ee`f`h prghdgpgm jl grrltrm`dtgvgj`j jl e`yl. E` lslhdg` jl lstl prghdgpgm gfpegd` g fpegd` qul le loldtm jl uh` ely hm sl lxtglhjl p`r` ghdeugr `suhtms p`s`jms y hm puljl  auzi`r lvlhtms mdurrgjms mdurrgjms `htls jl su gfpelf gfpelflht`dgôh. lht`dgôh.   \h` ely smem ls `pegd`bel ` ems lvlhtms j`jms jlspuçs jl s su ul lhtr`j` htr`j` lh vgimr, Smr lsm, e` oldn` jl lhtr`j` lh vgimr jl uh` ely ls jldgsgv` p`r` oga`r su `pegd`bgegj`j. Le prghdgpgm jl qul e`s plrsmh`s hm jlblræ`h suorgr e` `pegd`dgôh jl elyls dmh loldtms rltrm`dtgvms p`rtl jl mtrm prghdgpgm1 hm n`y jlegtm m d`stgim s`evm sg sl n` lst`beldgjm jl dmhomrfgj`j dmh e` ely.   Le prghdgpgm jl e` grrltrm`dtgvgj`j jl e`s elyls sl lhdulhtr` prlvgstm lh le `rtæduem 2: jl e` Dmhstgtudgôh jl e` Rlpñbegd` Bmegv`rg`h` jl _lhlzule`1 ―Hghiuh` jgspmsgdgôh eligse`tgv` tlhjrà loldtm rltrm`dtgvm, lxdlptm du`hjm gfpmhi` flhmr plh`. E`s elyls jl prmdljgfglhtm sl `pegd`ràh jlsjl le fmflhtm fgsfm jl lhtr`r lh vgilhdg`, `ñh lh ems prmdlsms qul sl n`ee`rlh lh dursm, plmr lh ems prmdlsms plh`els, e`s prulb`s y` lv`du`j`s, sl lstgf`ràh lh du`htm blhlogdglh `e rlm m rl`, dmhomrfl ` e` Ely vgilhtl p`r` e` oldn` lh qul sl prmfmvglrmh. Du`hjm n`y` juj`s sl `pegd`rà e` hmrf` qul blhlogdgl `e rlm m rl`.‖   Giu`eflhtl sl lhdulhtr` dmhs`ir`jm lhtl prghdgpgm lh le Dôjgim Dgvge, `rtæduems 0 y 41

 

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@rtæduem 01 ―E`s Ely ls mbegi`tmrg` jlsjl su pubegd`dgôh lh I`dlt` Mogdg`e m jlsjl e` oldn` pmstlrgmr ` qul lee` fgsf` ghjgqul.‖

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@rtæduem 41 ―E` Ely hm tglhl tg lhl loldtm rltrm`dtgvm.‖

Jl t`e f`hlr` qul j`j` e` alr`rquæ` m le d`ràdtlr dmhstgtudgmh`e jle prghdgpgm

jl e` grrltrm`dtgvgj`j jl e`s elyls, hghiuh` Ely tglhl loldtm rltrm`dtgvm.

 

  Smr m mtr` tr` p p`rtl, `rtl, e` r`zôh jl e` grrltrm`dtgvgj`j jl e` el ely y pl plh`e, h`e, l ls s e` fgsf` qul austgogd` e` rltrm`dtgvgj`j jl e` ely e ly fàs o`vmr`bel `e rlm. E` rltrm`dtgvgj`j y e` uetr` `dtgvgj`j jl e`s elyls plh`els fàs o`vmr`bels hm lhdulhtr`h eæfgtl lh e` dms` auzi`j`.   Ls jldgr, e` `pegd`dgôh rltrm`dtgv` jl uh` ely plh`e fàs o`vmr`bel hm gfpegd` le qulbr`ht`fglhtm jl e` dms` auzi`j`.

4) Sç Sçrjg rjgj` j` jl v vgil gilhdg hdg` ` jl e` e`s s ely elyls ls   E` jlrmi`dgôh ls le prmdljgfglhtm jl suprlsgôh jl `eiuh` m `eiuh`s jl e`s hmrf`s jle sgstlf`, t`e legfgh`dgôh puljl slr tmt`e m p`rdg`e.   @j jgolrlhdg` golrlhdg` jl em qu qul ls sudljl udljl dmh e` ` `hue`dgôh hue`dgôh jl ee`s `s h hmrf`s mrf`s auræjgd`s lh e`s qul sl prmjudl uh` rltrm`ddgôh jl sus loldtms `e ghst`htl lh le qul sl prlslht` le vgdgm qul jltlrfgh`h e` ghv`egjlz jl e`s fgsf`s; e` jlrmi`dgôh mplr` n`dg` le outurm, f`htlhglhjm e` hmrf` jlrmi`j`, `ñh jlspuçs jl su jlrmi`dgôh, e` d`p`dgj`j rliue`tgv` jl e`s sgtu`dgmhls prmjudgj`s dmh `htlrgmrgj`j ` su legfgh`dgôh jle mrjlh`fglhtm auræjgdm. Le tgtue`r jl e` pmtlst`j hmrf`tgv` `dtñ` jl jms fmjms1 0. Jgdt`hjm uh` jgspmsgdgôh qul ghdeuy` e` ghjgd`dgôh jl su loldtm1 jlrmi`dgôh lxprls`. 2. Jgdt`hjm uh` jgspmsgdgôh duym dmhtlhgjm rlsuetl ghdmfp`tgbel dmh le dmhtlhgjm jl mtr`s jgspmsgdgmhls n`st` lhtmhdls vgilhtls, lstm ls em qul sl jlhmfgh` jlrmi`dgôh tàdgt`.   Lh `fbms d`sms sl rlquglrl qul e` jgspmsgdgôh jlrmi`htl sl` pmstlrgmr lh le tglfpm y tlhi` uh r`him alràrqugdm giu`e m suplrgmr `e jl e` e ` jgspmsgdgôh jlrmi`j`.   Lh du`htm ` e` jlrmi`dgôh lxprls`, n`y qul jldgr qul n`y jms fmj`egj`jls sliñh jmhjl prmdlj` e` hmrf` jlrmi`htl ` jlegfgt`r du`e m du`els smh e`s e `s hmrf`s qul qulj`h jlrmi`j`s, `sæ pmr lalfpem1 `) Tl ghjgd` qul qulj` jlrmi`jm le `rtæduem W jl e` ely ^. b) Jla` ghjltlrfgh`j` e` hmrf` dmhdrlt` qul suorl loldtm jlrmi`tmrgm.   Em hmrf`e ls qul e` hmrf` jlrmi`htl utgegdl oôrfue`s qul rloelalh e` ghdmfp`tgbgegj`j jl su dmhtlhgjm dmh le jl e` omrf` jlrmi`j`, pmr lalfpem1 qulj`h jlrmi`j`s tmj`s e`s jgspmsgdgmhls jgspmsgdgmhls jl r`him giu`e m gholrgmr qul sl mpmhi`h ` e` prlslhtl ely.   E` jlrmi`dgôh lxprls` sl prlslht` dmfm uh` jlrmi`dgôh lhtrl lhuhdg`jms hmrf`tgvms y hm rlspmhjl ` hghiuh` hldlsgj`j jl dmnlrlhdg` jle sgstlf`  auræjgdm, sghm ` uh` r`zôh vmeuht`rgst`1 e` vmeuht`j jl legfgh`r hmrf`s jle mrjlh`fglhtm auræjgdm.

 

  E` jlrmi`dgôh tàdgt` dmhsgstl lh e` legfgh`dgôh jl hmrf`s qul prmjudl uh` jltlrfgh`j` jgspmsgdgôh auræjgd` qul, smh `eujgr p`r` h`j` ` su d`ràdtlr jlrmi`htl, rlsuet` ghdmfp`tgbel dmh e`s hmrf`s legfgh`j`s.   Tl prlslht` dmfm uh` jlrmi`dgôh tàdgt` jl e`s hmrf`s ghdmfp`tgbels sl lhdulhtr` `slht`jm lh e` duetur` auræjgd` dmhtlfpmràhl`.   E` jlrmi`dgôh tàdgt` `p`rldl rldmigj` lh le `rtæduem 20> jl e` Dmhstgtudgôh jl e` Rlpñbegd` Bmegv`rg`h` jl _lhlzule`1 ―E`s elyls sl jlrmi`h pmr mtr`s elyls y sl `brmi`h pmr rlolrlhjm, s`evm e`s lxdlpdgmhls lst`beldgj`s lst`beldgj`s lh lst` Dmhstgtudgôh. Smjràh slr rlomrf`j`s tmt`e m p`rdg`eflhtl. E` ely qul sl` mbaltm jl rlomrf` p`rdg`e sl pubegd`rà lh uh smem tlxtm qul ghdmrpmrl e`s fmjgogd`dgmhls `prmb`j`s.

 @pegd`dgôh jle jlrldnm lh le Lsp`dgm Lxdlpdgmhls  

Jgdn` vgilhdg` sl rloglrl ` e` jltlrfgh`dgôh jle lsp`dgm ilmiràogdm, jlhtrm

jle du`e e` hmrf` tglhl d`ràdtlr mbegi`tmrgm.   @sæ e`s elyls h`dgmh`els tlhjràh vgilhdg` lh tmjm le tlrrgtmrgm jl e` Rlpñbegd` Bmegv`rg`h` jl _lhlzule`; e`s elyls lst`j`els, lh le tlrrgtmrgm jl d`j` uhm jl ems rlspldtgvms lst`jms y e`s fuhgdgp`els (mrjlh`hz`s), lh ems tlrrgtmrgms jl d`j` uhm jl ems dmrrlspmhjglhtls fuhgdgpgms fuhgdgpgms.. 0) Srg Srghdg hdgpgm pgm jl ttlrr lrrgtm gtmrg` rg`egj egj`j `j   E`s hmrf`s qul ghtlir`h le mrjlh`fglhtm auræjgdm lxtglhjlh su àfbgtm lh vgilhdg` ` e` tmt`egj`j jl ems jgolrlhtls nldnms y rle`dgmhls qul sl prmjudlh jlhtrm jl e`s dmmrjlh`j`s lsp`dgm-tlfp lsp`dgm-tlfpmr`els mr`els qul le prmpgm mrjlh`fglhtm oga` y leem lh ouhdgôh jl e` prlslhdg` jl dglrtms lelflhtms.  

Lstms lelflhtms puljlh slr v`rg`jms, pmr lalfpem1 -

E` h`dgmh`egj`j jl e`s plrsmh`s qul ghtlrvglhlh lh e` rle`dgôh. E` ubgd`dgôh jl su rlsgjlhdg` eli`e. Le eui`r jmhjl sl prmjudlh ems `dmhtldgfglhtms. E`s rle`dgmhls qul dmhtlfpe` e` hmrf` auræjgd`.

  Z`e jgvlrsgj`j jl lelflhtms jgogduet` uh` smeudgôh uhgt`rg` `e prmbelf` jl e` vgilhdg` jl e`s hmrf`s auræjgd`s.  

Le `rtæduem > jle Dôjgim Dgvge, Dgvge , lst`beldl qul1

―E` `utmrgj`j jl e` Ely sl lxtglhjl ` tmj`s e`s plrsmh`s h`dgmh`els y lxtr`halr`s qul sl lhdulhtrlh lh e` Rlpñbegd`‖

 

  Lstl prghdgpgm, `p`rldl dmhs`ir`j dmhs`ir`jm m lh hulstr` eligse`dgôh dgvge jlsjl 0>2?;; `jlfàs, ls bulhm sgihgogd`r qul sl el dmhdljæ` uh d`ràdtlr `bsmeutm. 0>2?   Tgh lfb`rim, pmr r`zmhls pràdtgd`s, p`r` lvgt`r le or`ujl ` e` ely y p`r` o`vmrldlr h`dgmh`els, jgm pgl ` qul sl prlvglr`h `eiuh`s lxdlpdgmhls.   \h` Ely ls `pegd`bel lh e` lxtlhsgôh tlrrgtmrg`e jle Lst`jm jl qul sl tr`tl. Jlsjl lstl puhtm jl vgst`, puljlh de`sgogd`rsl1 -

Hm Hmrf rf`s `s au auræ ræjg jgd` d`s si ilh lhlr lr`e `els ls11 qul smh jl `pegd`dgôh ilhlr`e lh tmjm le tlrrgtmrgm. Hm Hmrf rf` `s au auræ ræj jgd gd` `s em emd` d`el els s1 sl egfgt`h ` rligr lh uh` pmrdgôh jle tlrrgtmrgm. Hm Hmrf rf` `r gh ghtl tlrh rh` `dgm dgmh` h`el els s1 smh jl dmfñh `pegd`dgôh `e tlrrgtmrgm jl jms m fàs p`æsls, dmfm em smh e`s du`els dmhtlhgj`s lh ems tr`t`jms.

2) Srg Srghdg hdgpgm pgm jl e` ggjlh jlhtgj tgj`j `j   E` ely `pegd`bel ls e` qul plrtlhldl `e mrjlh auræjgdm dmrrlspmhjglhtl ` e` h`dgmh`egj`j jle sualtm y supmhl1 qul le jlrldnm jle eui`r `e du`e lstà vghdue`j` e` plrsmh` el sgiul jmhjl quglr` qul v`y`.  

Lstl prghdgpgm lst`b` rldmigjm lh le `rtæduem 7 jle Dôjgim Dgvge1

 ―E`s elyls dmhdlrhglhtls `e lst`jm y d`p`dgj`j jl e`s plrsmh`s mbegi`h ` ems vlhlzme`hm, `uhqul rlsgj`h m tlhi`h su jmfgdgegm lh p`æs lxtr`halrm.‖   Tgh lfb`rim, lh vgst` jle prmpôsgtm jl e` Ely jl Jlrldnm Ghtlrh`dgmh`e prgv`jm jgdn` hmrf` oul jlrmi`j`, sustgtuyçhjme` pmr e` dmhs`ir`dgôh jle prghdgpgm jle jmfgdgegm, dmfm o`dtmr jl dmhlxgôh jldgsgvm lh f`tlrg` jl lst`jm, d`p`dgj`j y rle`dgmhls o`fgeg`rls, `austàhjmsl flamr ` e`s rl`egj`jls jlfmiràogd`s y smdg`els jl hulstrm p`æs. @sæ le `rtæduem 0? jl e` dgt`j` ely lst`beldl1 ―E` lxgstlhdg`, lst`jm y d`p`dgj`j jl e`s plrsmh`s sl rgilh pmr le jlrldnm jl su jmfgdgegm‖

4) Srg Srghdg hdgpgm pgm jle jm jmfgd fgdgeg gegm m   Jl `dulrjm dmh e` Ely jl Jlrldnm Ghtlrh`dgmh`e Srgv`jm, qulj`h jlrmi`j`s e`s jgspmsgdgmhls jl ems `rtæduems 7, 03, 00 y 2?, 2?, lh su p`rtl ogh`e, y sl `dmil le prghdgpgm jle jmfgdgegm.   E` Ely jl Jlrldnm Ghtlrh`dgmh`e Srlvç uh` jloghgdgôh jgstght` `e `rtæduem 29 jle Dôjgim Dgvge1 D. D. _ @rt. 291 29 1 ―Le jmfgdgegm jl uh` plrsmh` oæsgd` sl lhdulhtr` lh le tlrrgtmrgm jle Lst`jm jmhjl tglhl su rlsgjlhdg` n`bgtu`e.‖

 

  Fàs hm pmr leem jlbl lhtlhjlrsl jlrmi`jm. Tl tr`t` jl uh` rliue`dgôh lsp`dg`e. E. J. G. S @rt. 001 00 1 ―L jmfgdgegm jl uh` plrsmh` oæsgd` sl lhdulhtr` lh le tlrrgtmrgm jle Lst`jm jmhjl tglhl su rlsgjlhdg` n`bgtu`e.‖   @sæ fgsfm, sl j` tr`t`fglhtm lspldg`e `e jmfgdgegm jl uh` fualr d`s`j`, le du`e1 E. J. G. S @rt. 441 44 1 ―Le jmfgdgegm jl e` fualr d`s`j` sl jltlrfgh` ghjlplhjglhtl jle jmfgdgegm jle f`rgjm.‖   Dmh lst` prldgsgôh sl jlrmi`h ems `rtæduems 7, 03:, 03 jle Dôjgim Dgvge.