API577_Chapter_6_to_8.pdf

6: Weld ldin ing g Pro rocedur cedure e

WPS/PQR

WPS/PQR

6.1 GENERAL Qualified welding procedures are required for f or welding fabrication and repair of pressure vessels, piping and tanks. They detail the steps necessary to make a specific weld and generally consists of a written description, details of the weld joint and welding process variables, and test data to demonstrate the procedure produces weldments that meet design requirements. While various codes and standards exist for the t he development of welding procedures, this section reflects criteria described in ASME Section IX. Welding procedures qualified to ASME Section IX are required by API inspection codes for repair welding and are often required by construction codes used in fabrication of new equipment and piping. However, construction codes and proprietary company specifications may have additional requirements or allow specific exceptions so they should be reviewed for each weld application.

construction codes and proprietary company specifications may have additional requirements or allow specific exceptions so they should be reviewed for each weld application.

construction codes and proprietary company specifications may have additional requirements or allow specific exceptions so they should be reviewed for each weld application.

Welding procedures required by ASME Section IX will include a written welding procedure specification (WPS) and procedure qualification record (PQR). The WPS provides direction to the welder while making production welds to ASME code requirements. The PQR is a record of the welding data and variables used to weld a test coupon and the test results used to qualify the welding procedure. It is important to differentiate the PQR and welder performance qualification (WPQ), detailed in Section 7.  

The purpose of the PQR is to establish the properties of the weldment. The purpose of the WPQ is to establish the welder is capable of making a quality weld using the welding procedure.

WPS 6.2 WELDING WEL DING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATION (WPS)  ASME Section IX requires each manufacturer and contractor contractor to develop welding procedures. Whereas this requirement appears repetitious, repetitious, qualified welding procedure specifications are an important aspect of fabrication quality control. They help each organization recognize the significance of changes in welding variables that may be required on the job, and the effects of the changes on weldment properties. The WPS is but one o ne step for welding fabrication f abrication quality assurance. ASME assurance. ASME B31.3 allows welding procedure qualification by others, provided it is acceptable to the inspector and meets certain conditions.

The completed WPS for a welding process addresses all essential, nonessential, nonessential , and supplementary essential variables when notch toughness is required. 

Essential variables affect the mechanical properties of the weld. If they are changed beyond what the reference code paragraph allows for the process, the WPS must be re-qualified.



Nonessential variables do not affect the mechanical properties of the weld. They may be changed on the WPS without w ithout re-qualifying the welding procedure.



Supplementary essential variables apply or when specified by the end user. They are treated as essential variables when they apply. (when notch toughness is required.)

 A SME B31.3,  ASME B 31.3, Chap Ch aptt er V Fabri brication cation,, Ass Asse embl mbly, y, and and Erect Erection ion 328 28.2 .2.2 .2 Pro rocedur cedure e Quali Qualifi ficati cation on by Oth the ers rs.. Each employer is responsible for qualifying any welding procedure that personnel of the organization will use. Subject to the specific approval of the Inspector, welding procedures qualified by others may be used, provided that the following conditions are met: (a) The Inspector shall be satisfied that (1) the proposed welding procedure specification (WPS) has been prepared, qualified, and executed by a responsible, recognized organization with expertise in the field of welding (2) the employer has not made any change in the welding procedure (b) The base material P-Number is either 1, 3, 4 Gr. No. 1 (11 ⁄ 4 Cr max.), or 8; and impact testing is not required…………………………………………………

328 28.2 .2.3 .3 Perfo erform rmance ance Quali Qualifi ficati cation on by Oth the ers rs.. To avoid duplication of effort, an employer may accept a performance qualification made for another employer, provided that the Inspector specifically approves.  Acceptance is limited to qualification on piping piping using the same or equivalent procedure wherein the essential variables are within the limits in Section IX. The employer shall obtain a copy from the previous employer of the performance qualification test record, showing the name of the employer, name of the welder  or welding operator, procedure identification, date of  successful qualification, and the date that the individual last used the procedure on pressure piping.

6.2. 6.2.1 1 Types of o f Essenti Ess enti al Vari Variables ables The WPS should contain, as a code requirement, requ irement, the following information as a minimum: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.  j. k. l. m.

Process. Base metal. Filler metal (and/or flux). Welding current. Welding position. Shielding gas, if used. Preparation of base metal. Fitting and alignment. Backside of joint. Peening. Preheat. Post-weld heat treatment. Welding technique.

6.2. 6.2.2 2 Oth Other er Requ Requir irements ements The WPS should also reference the supporting PQR(s) used to qualify the welding procedure. In addition, the construction code or proprietary company specifications can impose specific requirements related to service of the equipment and piping. These can include: a. Toughness of base metal, weld metal, and HAZ. b. Limitations of welding process. c. Limitations of filler metals and fluxes. d. Critical joint geometries. e. Limitations on preheat. f. Limitations on PWHT. g. Limitations on weld metal hardness. h. Limitations on the chemical composition of base metal and filler metal.

These requirements requirements should be reflected in the WPS. The format of the WPS is not fixed, provided it addresses all essential and nonessential variables (and supplementary essential variables when necessary). An example form is available in ASME Section IX, Appendix B. The WPS shall be available for review by the Inspector. Inspector. Since it provides the limits the welder is responsible responsible for staying within, it should be available to the welder as well.

PQR 6.3 PROCEDURE PROCEDURE QUA QUA L IFICATION RECORD (PQR) The PQR records the essential and nonessential variables variables used to weld a test coupon, the coupon test results, and the manufacturer’s certification of accuracy in the qualification of a WPS. Record of the nonessential variables used during the welding of the test coupon is optional. Keywords: Manufacturer certification is only necessary The Non-essential variables need not be recorded in PQR

Section IX requires that the manufacturer or contractor supervise the production of the test weldments and certify that the PQR properly qualifies the welding procedure, however, other groups may perform sample preparation and testing. Mechanical tests are required to qualify a welding procedure to demonstrate the properties of the weldment. Test sample selection and testing requirements are defined in Section IX. Typically, they will include 1. Tension Tension test test to to determin determine e the ultimate ultimate strength strength of a groove groove weld, 2. Guided Guided bend bend tests tests to determin determine e the (1) (1) degree degree of soundnes soundness s and (2) ductility of a groove weld, 3. Notch Notch tough toughnes ness s testin testing g when when toughn toughness ess requ require iremen ments ts are are impose imposed, d, and 4. Hardness Hardness measuremen measurements ts when when hardne hardness ss restric restrictions tions are defined. defined. If any test specimen fails, the test coupon fails and a new coupon will be required.

The format of the PQR is not fixed, provided it addresses all essential variables (and supplementary essential variables when necessary). An example form is available in ASME Section IX, Appendix B. The PQR should accompany the WPS and be available for review by the Inspector upon request. It does not need to be available to the welder. One PQR may support several WPSs. One WPS may be qualified by more than one PQR within the limitations of the code.

Mechanical Testing

Tensile ensi le Specime Specim en

Mechanica chanic al te t estin st inggTensile ensi le Testi Testing ng

http://www.twi-global.com/technica http://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowle l-knowledge/jobdge/jobknowledge/mechanical-testing-tensile-testing-part1-069/

http://info.admet.com/blog/ bid/25956/DeterminingTensile-Test-Offset-YieldStrengths-usingExtensometer 

Tensile testing: Stre tr ess Strain Diagram

Illustration of offset yield point. Key: 1: True elastic limit 2: Proportionality limit 3: Elastic limit 4: Offset yield strength, usually defined at e=0.2% σ: Engineering stress ε: Engineering strain A: Un-deformed cross-sectional area F: Uni-axial load  L: Un-deformed length l: Elongation

Tensile testing: Stre tr ess Strain Diagram

http://www.tiniusolsen.com/pdf/Pamp http://www.tiniusolsen.com/pdf/Pamphlet4.pdf  hlet4.pdf 

Calculation of Tensile Properties of Materials: Line A-B is Modulus Line; Young’s Modulus of Elasticity Line C-D is the 0.2% (0.002 in./in.) Offset Line. Line E-F is the 0.5% (0.005 in./in.) Extension Line. Curve A-R is a complete Stress-Strain Curve to specimen failure. Segment S-R can be obtained with an instrument with the appropriate measuring capacity. Point V Point W Point X Point Y Point Z

= Proportional Limit. = Proof Stress, 0.01% Offset. = Yield Strength, 0.1% Offset. = Yield Strength, 0.2% Offset. = Yield Strength, 0.5% Extension Under Load (conventional Yield Point).

 At Point S, the extensometer extensometer was removed. Point T or T’ T’ = Ultimate Ultimate Tensil Tensile e Strength. Strength. Note: A complete Stress-Strain Curve (similar to Curve A-R) may be obtained using special Olsen Instrumentation.

Vickers ic kers Hardn Hardne ess Testi ng

Weld Hardness Test

Weld Hard Hardness ness Test Testin ing g

Charpy Impact Testin st ing g

Charpy Impact Testin st ing g

Guided ui ded Bend Test

Gui uided ded Bend Test

Gui uided ded Bend Test

Gui uided ded Bend Test

6.4 REVIEWING REVIEWING A WPS AND A ND PQR Inspectors shall review the WPS and PQR to verify they are acceptable for the welding to be done. While there are many ways to review a welding procedure, the most effective one utilizes a systematic approach that assures a complete complete and thoroug thorough h review review of the WPS and PQR PQR to verify that that all Section IX and construction and repair code requirements have been satisfied.

1. The initial initial step is to verify the WPS WPS has been properly properly comple completed ted and and addresses the requirements of Section IX and the construction/repair code. 2. The second second step step is to to verify verify the PQR PQR has has been been proper properly ly comp complet leted ed and addresses all the requirements of Section IX and the construction and repair code. 3. The third third step step is to confirm confirm the the PQR essent essential ial variable variable values values properly properly support the range specified in the WPS.

For simplicity simplicity purposes, purposes, the following following list list is for a single weld proce process ss on the WPS when notch toughness is not a requirement r equirement (so supplementary essential variables do not apply): 1. The initial initial step is to verify the WPS WPS has been prop properly erly comple completed ted and and addresses the requirements of Section IX and the construction/repair code. 2. The sec second ond ste step p is to to verify verify the PQR PQR has has been been pro proper perly ly comp complet leted ed and addresses all the requirements of Section IX and the construction and repair code. 3. The third third step step is to confirm confirm the the PQR essent essential ial variable variable value values s properly properly support the range specified in the WPS.

WPS

6.4.1 .4.1 Items Items to be Includ Incl ude ed in the th e WP WPS a. Name Name of the the com compa pany ny usin using g the the proc proced edur ure. e. b. Na Name me of th the e ind indiv ivid idua uall tha thatt pre prepa pare red d the the pr proc oced edur ure. e. c. Unique Unique number number or design designati ation on that that will will distin distingui guish sh it from from any any others others,, and and date. d. Supporting PQR(s). e. Curr Curren entt revi revisi sion on and and date date,, ifif revi revise sed. d. f. Appl Applic icab able le weld weldin ing g proc proces ess s (i.e., (i.e., SMAW SMAW,, GTAW GTAW,, GMAW GMAW,, FCAW FCAW,, SA SAW) W).. g. Type Type of of weld welding ing proces process s (i.e (i.e., ., automa automatic tic,, manu manual, al, machin machine, e, or semisemiautomatic). h. Join Jointt desi design gn inf infor orma matio tion n appl applic icab able le to to the the pro proce cess ss (i.e (i.e.. type type of join joint, t, groove angle, root spacing, root face dimensions, backing material and function). i. Base Base meta metal’s l’s P-nu P-numb mber er and and gro group up numbe numberr of of the the meta metals ls bein being g joi joine ned, d, or specification type and grade, or chemical analysis and mechanical properties.  j. Thickness range the procedure procedure is to cover.

k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u.

Diam Diamet eter er (fo (forr pip pipin ing) g) the the proc proced edur ure e is to cov cover er.. Filler me metal sp specifi ificatio tion (S (SFA nu number). r). AWS AWS clas classi sifi fica cati tion on numb number er.. F-number (see QW-432). A-number (see QW-442). Filler metal size. Deposite ited me metal tal th thickness. Elec El ectr trod odee-fl flux ux clas class s and and trad trade e name name,, if used used.. Consumable insert, if used. Posi Positi tion on and and pro progr gres essi sion on qual qualif ifie ied d for for use use in in pro produ duct ctio ion n wel weldi ding ng.. Mini Minimu mum m prehe preheat at temp temper erat atur ure e (incl (includ udin ing g prehe preheat at main mainte tena nanc nce e requirements) and maximum interpass temperature the weldment is to receive throughout welding. v. Post Post-w -wel eld d heat heat tre treat atme ment nt tem tempe pera ratu ture re and and hol hold d time time (if (if app applilied ed). ). w. Type, Type, compo composit sition ion,, and flow flow rates rates for for shield shielding ing,, trailin trailing, g, and and backin backing g gases (if used). x. Curren Current, t, polari polarity, ty, ampera amperage ge range, range, and voltag voltage e range range for produc productio tion n welding (for each electrode size, position, and thickness, etc.).

y. Tung Tungst sten en elec electr trod ode e siz size e and and type type (if (if GTA GTAW) W).. z. Metal tal tr transfer mo mode (i (if GM GMAW or or FCAW FCAW). ). aa. Technique Technique includi including ng string string or weave bead, bead, initial initial and interpass interpass cleaning cleaning,, peening, passes greater than 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) thickness, and other weld process specific nonessential variables.

Hint: Personal information Name of the individual that prepared the WPS.

6.4.2 .4.2 Items Items to be Includ Incl ude ed in the th e PQ PQR a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.  j. k. l. m. n. o. p.

Name Name of the the com compa pany ny usin using g the the proc proced edur ure. e. Uniq Unique ue numb number er or desi design gnat atio ion n and and the the dat date. e. WPS(s (s)) that th the PQR supports. Welding process used. Type Type of weld weld for for qua qualilifi fica catio tion n (gr (groo oove ve,, fill fillet et,, oth other er). ). Test coupon thickness. Test coupon diameter. P-numbers of co coupon welded. Filler metal F-number. Filler metal A-number. Position an and pr progression. Total tal we weld me metal tal th thickness de deposited ted. Any single single weld weld pass pass thickn thickness ess grea greater ter than than 1/2 in. (12 (12.7 .7 mm). mm). Preheat temperature. PWHT PWHT temp temper erat atur ure e and and thic thickn knes ess s limi limit. t. Gas.

q. r. s. t. u.

Electrical Characteristic tics. Technique. Prop Proper er numb number er,, siz size, e, and and tes testt resu result lts s for for tens tensilile e tes tests ts.. Prop Proper er numb number er,, type type,, and and resu result lts s for for bend bend test tests. s. Additio Additional nal test test resu results lts if requir required ed by constr construct uction ion code code or or proj project ect specification. v. Ce Cert rtif ific ica ati tio on sig signa natu ture re an and d dat date. e. w. Welder’s Name. x. Te Test sts s Con Cond duc ucte ted d by by & Re Reco cord rd nu numb mbe er. Hint: Personal information Required: (1) Welder name, (2) mechanical testing technician, (3) Certification signatory (Who?) Not Required: Name of the individual that prepared the WPS (same person as 3 above?)

The review should confirm that the PQR variables adequately represent and support the range specified in the WPS for the production application. While this example serves to illustrate a suggested approach to reviewing welding procedures, it has not addressed specific variables and nuances required to have a properly qualified welding procedure. Additionally, Appendix C provides an example of using a checklist for the review of WPS and PQRs.

WPS for Off ffsh shor ore e Spar  Spar 

WPS for Off ffsh shor ore e Spar  Spar 

WPS for Off ffsh shor ore e Spar  Spar 

WPS for Off ffsh shor ore e Spar  Spar 

WPS for Proc roce ess Pip ipin ing g

WPS for Proc roce ess Pip ipin ing g

7: Wel di ding ng Mat er i als

SAW SA W

7.1 GENERAL Welding materials refers to the many materials involved in welding including the base metal, filler metal, fluxes, and gases, if any. Each of these materials has an impact on the WPS and the weldment properties. An understanding of the conventions used by the ASME Section IX is necessary to adequately review qualified welding procedures.

7.2 P-NUM P-NUMB B ER ASSI A SSIGNM GNMENT ENT TO TO BA B A SE META METAL LS Base metals are assigned P-numbers in ASME Section IX to reduce the number of welding procedure qualifications required. For ferrous base metals having specified impact test requirements, group numbers within P-numbers are assigned. ■

These assignments are based on comparable base metal characteristics such as composition, weldability, and mechanical properties. Table 1 lists the assignments of base metal to Pnumbers. A complete listing of P-number, Snumber, and group number assignments are provided in QW/QB-422 of  ASME Section IX. This list is an ascending sort based on specification numbers. Listed in nonmandatory Appendix D of the same same code section are specification numbers grouped grouped by Pnumber and group number. Within each list of the same Pnumber Pnumber and group number, the specifications specifications are listed in an ascending sort.

P-Numbers

7.3 F-NUMBER F-NUMBER A SSIGNM SSIGNMENT ENT TO FILLER FILL ER META META L S Electrodes and welding rods are assigned F-numbers to reduce the number of welding procedure and performance qualifications. The F-number groupings are based essentially on their usability characteristics, characteristics, which fundamentally determine the ability of welders to make satisfactory welds with a given process and filler metal.

Welders who qualify with one filler metal are qualified to weld with all filler metals having the same F-number, and in the case of carbon steel SMAW electrodes, may additionally qualify to weld with electrodes having other Fnumbers. For example, a welder who qualified with an E7018 is qualified to weld with all F-4 electrodes, plus all F-1, F-2, and F-3 electrodes (with backing limitations). The grouping does not imply that base metals or filler metals within a group may be indiscriminately substituted for a metal, which was used in the qualification test. Consideration should be given to the compatibility of the base and filler metals from the t he standpoint of metallurgical properties, postweld heat treatment, design and service requirements, and mechanical properties.  A complete list of F-numbers for electrodes and welding rods is given given in  ASME Section IX, Table QW-432.

Keywords: 1. Consideration should be given to the compatibility of the base and filler metals from the standpoint of;    

metallurgical properties, post-weld heat treatment, design and service requirements, and mechanical properties.

2. Backing limitation

7.4 A WS CLA CL A SSIFI SSIFICA CATIO TION N OF FILLER FILL ER META META L S  An AWS classification number identifies electrodes electrodes and welding rods. The  AWS classification numbers are specified specified in ASME Section IIC under their appropriate SFA specification number. ASME Section IX Table QW-432 lists the AWS classification numbers and SFA specification numbers included under each of the F-numbers. Note that the X’s in the AWS classification numbers represent numerals, i.e. the AWS classifications E6010, E7010, E8010, E9010, and E10010 are all covered by F-number 3 (EXX10). Appendix A contains additional details on the conventions used in identification of filler metals for the t he welding processes. Keywords:  ASME Section IIC

F-Numbers

F-Numbers

7.5 A-NUMBE A-NUMBER R (f (f i l l er m etal) To minimize the number of welding procedure qualifications, steel and steel alloy filler metals are also grouped according to their A-number. The Anumber grouping in ASME Section IX, Table QW-442 is based on the chemical composition of the deposited weld metal. This grouping does not imply that filler metals may be indiscriminately substituted without consideration for the compatibility with the (1) base metal and the (2) service requirements.

 A-Nu  A -Num m b ers er s

7.6 FILLER FILL ER META META L SELECTION SELECTION Inspectors should verify the filler metal selection is appropriate for the base metal being welded. Some considerations in selection include: a. Chemical composition of filler metal. b. Tensile strength of filler metal and base metal. c. Dilution of alloying elements from base metal. d. Harden Hardenabi ability lity of filler filler metal. metal. e. Susceptibility to hot cracking. f. Corrosion resistance of filler metal.  Appendix D provides a guide of common filler metals for base metals most often used in petrochemical plants. In addition, there t here is a table comparing the current AWS filler metal classification to the previous ones for low-alloy steels.  AWS modified the classifications for several several common low-alloy filler metals.

7.7 7.7 CONSU CONSUMAB MABL L E STORAGE STORAGE A ND HANDLING HANDL ING Welding consumable storage and handled guidelines should be in accordance with the consumable manufacturer’s instructions and guidelines and as given in the AWS A5.XX series of filler metal specifications. Covered electrodes exposed to moisture can become unstable due to moisture pickup by the coating. Particularly susceptible to moisture pickup are coatings on low-hydrogen electrodes and and stainless steel electrodes. electrodes. Moisture Moisture can be a source of hydrogen. Keywords: Complying to (1) consumable manufacturer’s instructions and guidelines and as given in the (2) AWS A5.XX series of filler metal specifications. Hint: When reviewing the WPS/PQR: The electrode manufacturer datasheet should be available for reviews in conjunctions with the applicable code and  AWS A5.XX

To reduce exposure to moisture, welding consumables should be stored in warm holding ovens after they have been removed from the manufacturer’s packaging. Low-hydrogen electrodes should should be stored separately separately from other types types of electrodes with higher hydrogen content, as this can be another source for hydrogen pickup. Some welding consumables that are slightly damp can be reconditioned by baking in separate special ovens. Ovens should be heated by electrical means and have automatic heat controls and visible temperature indications. Ovens should only be used for electrode storage as using them for food storage or cooking could cause electrode coatings to absorb moisture. Any electrodes or fluxes that have become wet should be discarded.

8: Welder Qualification

8.1 GENERAL Welder performance qualification is to establish the welder’s ability to deposit sound weld metal. Similar to welding procedure qualification, this section reflects the parameters in ASME Section IX. Other codes exist which utilize other means for welder qualification. The term welder is intended to apply to both welders and welding operators for the purpose of the following descriptions. The welder qualification is limited by the essential variables given for each process. A welder may be qualified by (1a) radiography radiography of a test coupon or or of (1b) an initial production weld or by (2) bend tests of a test coupon. Some end users and codes limit or restrict the use of radiography for this purpose such as radiography is not allowed for GMAW-S by ASME Section IX. The responsibility for qualifying welders is restricted to the contractor or manufacturer employing the welder and cannot be delegated to another organization. It is permissible to subcontract test specimen preparation and NDE.

8.2 WELDER PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION (WPQ) The WPQ addresses all essential variables listed li sted in QW-350 of ASME Section IX. The performance qualification test coupon is to be welded according to the qualified WPS, WPS, and the welding is supervised and controlled by the employer of the welder. The qualification is for the welding process used, and and each different welding process requires qualification. A change in any essential variable listed for the welding process requires the welder to requalify for that process. QW-352 through QW-357 in ASME Section IX, list the essential variables and referencing code paragraphs for different welding processes. The variable groups addressed are: joints, base metals, filler metals, positions, gas, and electrical characteristics. Keyword: The performance qualification test coupon is to be welded according to the qualified WPS

The record of the WPQ test includes all the essential essential variables, the type of of test and test results, and the ranges qualified. The format of the WPQ is not fixed provided it addresses all the required items. An example form is available in ASME Section IX—Form QW-484 in non-mandatory Appendix B. Mechanical tests performed on welder qualification test coupons are defined in ASME Section IX, QW-452 for type and number required. 

If radiographic exam is used for qualification, the minimum length of coupon to be examined is 6 in. in. (152.4 mm), and includes the entire weld circumference for pipe coupons.



Coupons are required to pass visual examination and physical testing, if used. Rules for qualification of welding operators using radiography require 3 ft (0.91 m) length to be examined.

Welder performance qualification expires if the welding process is not used during a six-month period. period. The welder’s qualification can be revoked if there is a reason to question their ability to make welds. A welders log or continuity report can be used to verify that a welder’s qualifications are current.

8.3 REVIEWING A WPQ 8.3.1 .3.1 Revi Review ew Prior Prio r to Weldin ld ing g Prior to any welding, welding, inspecto inspectors rs should should review welders’ welders’ WPQ to verify they they are qualified to perform the welding given its position and process. When reviewing a WPQ, items to check include: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.  j. k. l.

Weld Welder ers s nam name and stam tamp numb number er.. Welding process and typ type. Iden Id enti tific ficat atio ion n of of WPS WPS us used ed fo forr wel weldi ding ng te test st co coup upon on.. Backing (if used). P-nu P-numb mbe er(s r(s) of of bas base e me metals tals join joined ed.. Thic Thick kness ness of base ase met metal als s and and dia diamete meterr if if pip pipe. e. Filler me metal SFA number. Filler metal F-number. Consumable insert (if used). Deposited thickness (for each each process used). Welding po position of of th the co coupon. Vertical weld progression.

 j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r.

Backing gas used. Metal tal tr transfer mo mode (i (if GM GMAW). Weld cu current ty type/polarity (i (if GT GTAW). If machi machine ne welde welded—r d—refe eferr to QW-484 QW-484 for for addit addition ional al value values s requir required. ed. Guid Guided ed bend bend test test type type and and res resul ults ts,, if if use used. d. Visual ex examination re results lts. Addi Additio tiona nall req requi uire reme ment nts s of of the the cons constr truc ucti tion on code code.. Test Te stin ing g orga organi niza zati tion on ide ident ntifi ifica cati tion on,, sign signat atur ure, e, and and dat date. e. X-ray results if used.

Hint: Testing organization identification, signature, and date (Manufacturer Certification?)

8.3.2 .3.2 Verifyi erif ying ng the t he Quali Qualifi ficati cation on Range The following ASME Section IX references should be used to verify the qualification range: a. Base Base meta metall qual qualif ific icat atio ion— n—QW QW-- 423. 423.1 1 and and QW-4 QW-403 03.1 .15. 5. b. Bac Backing— ing—QW QW-3 -350 50 and and QW-4 QW-40 02.4. 2.4. c. Deposi Deposited ted weld weld metal metal thickn thickness ess qualifi qualificat cation ion—QW —QW-45 -452.1 2.1 (if transv transvers erse e bend tests) and QW-404.30. d. Groo Groove ve wel weld d smal smalll diam diamet eter er lim limits its—Q —QWW-45 452. 2.3 3 and and QW-4 QW-403 03.1 .16. 6. e. Positio Position n and diamet diameter er limits limits—QW —QW-461 -461.9, .9, QW-405 QW-405.3 .3 and QW-403 QW-403.16 .16.. f. F-number—QW-433 an and QW QW-404.15.