API 570 DAY 4

API 570 – DAY 4 BOOK

Southern Inspection Services BASIC PIPING INSPECTION, TERMINOLOGY AND RP 574 PRACTICE QUESTIONS-OPEN BOOK 1 In the Barlow formula for determining pipe thickness, the term S stands for a Internal design gage pressure of the pipe in psi b Pressure design strength for internal pressure, in psi c Allowable unit stress at the design temperature, in psi d Maximum strain at the average operating temperature, in psi 2 At low pressure and temperature, the thickness determined by the Barlow formula may be so small that the pipe would have _________________ structural strength a Adequate b Insufficient c Ample d Good 3 A seamless NPS 12, A-106 Grade A pipe operators at 300 degrees F and 941 psi. The allowable stress is 16000 psi. Using the Barlow Equation, determine the thickness required for these conditions a 0.375” b 0.750” c 0.353” d 0.706” e 4 A seamless NPS6, A-106 Grade A pipe operators at 300 degrees F and 941 psi. The allowable stress is 16000 psi . The owner-user specified that the pipe must have 0.1” allowed for corrosion allowance. Using the Barlow Equation, determine the thickness required for these conditions a 0.295” b 0.195” c 0.277” d 0.706”

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Southern Inspection Services 5 A seamless NPS8, A-53 Grade B pipe operators at 700 degrees F and 700 psi. The allowable stress is 16500 psi . The pipe has been in service for 6 years. The original wall thickness of the pipe was 0.375”. The pipe wall now measure 0.30” Considering no structural requirements, estimate how long the piping can continue to operate and not be below the minimum thickness a 4.68 years b 9.8 years c 0 years; pipe now below minimum d 10.42 years 6 An Inspector finds a thin area in the body of a NPS 8 (8.625” O.D.) 600# gate valve. The valve’s body is made from ASTM A216 WCB material. The system operates at 700 psi and 750 degrees F. Using a corrosion allowance of 0.125”, what thickness must be present in order to continue to safely operate? Round to nearest hundredth ( s =).14800 Given in B 31.3( Hint 1.5 x 8.635 x 700/ 2 X 14 800 + 0.125 ) a 0.48” b 0.38” c 0.51” d 0.43” 7 If corrosion or erosion is anticipated for a valve, what should be done prior to installing the valve? a Severance thickness determinations should be made when the valves are installed so that the fretting rate and metal ruination can be determined b Retirement thickness measurement should be made after installation so tat the fatigue rate and metal loss can be determined c Reference thickness measurements should be made when the valves are installed so that the corrosion rate and metal loss can be determined d Retina measurements of the macula should be made when the iris’ are installed so the optical rate and losses of perception can be determined

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Southern Inspection Services 8 Which of the items listed below would NOT normally be contained in inspection records of piping? a Original date of installation, the specifications and strength levels of the materials used b Original vessel hydrotest pressures and conditions that the tests were performed under c Original thickness measurement and the locations and dates of all subsequent readings d Calculated retirement thicknesses 9 Accurate records of a piping system make possible an evaluation of _____________ on any piping, valve or fitting a Computerization b Security and continuity c Cost and competency d Service life 10 You are working as an inspector. While reviewing a tabulation of thickness data on a section of piping in non-corrosive or very low corrosive service, you find the initial thickness reading of an inspection point to be 0.432” and marked nominal on a NPS 6 pipe. At the next inspection 12 months later you find a reading by ultrasonics of 0.378” at the same point. Twelve months later UT readings were taken and the thickness at the point was still 0.378” what would this mean to you? a No measurement was taken originally, the nominal thickness was listed and the piping probably had an under-tolerance of 12.5% b There was an error made by the inspector at the installation or the inspector who UT” d the piping at the next inspection made an error c The UT machine that the inspector used during the 12 month inspection after installation was defective and not reading correctly d The pipe contractor or the installer put the wrong schedule piping in service 11 You are working as an inspector. While reviewing a tabulation of thickness data on a section of piping, you find the letter “C” marked under a column headed by the word METHOD. What does the “C” indicate? a The inspection temperature of the pipe was COLD b The thickness measurement was made by an inspector with ID OF “C” c The thickness measurement was taken with calipers d The thickness measurement was CONFIRMED by a second party

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Southern Inspection Services 12 Which of the following is not an important function of an accurate sketch? a Assist in determining future locations that urgently require examinations b Identifying systems and circuits in terms of location, size, material etc c Serve as field data sheets d None of the above 13 The Wenner 4-Pin methods, the soil bar, and the soil box do not represent methods of determining a Holidays b Pipe-to-soil potentials c Cathodic protection acceptability d All of the above 14 The total resistivity for a wenner 4-Pin test that utilizes pins spaced 2 feet apart and a 6 “R” factor is: a 2298 ohm/cm b 3500 ohm/cm c 6000 ohm/cm d 8000 ohm/cm 15 Which of the following is not a consideration when using a soil bar? a Using a standard prod bar b Avoiding the addition of water c Applying pressure on the soil bar after injection d None of the above 16 Which of the following is a consideration when using a soil box a Depth of pins less than 4% of spacing b Ensuring the soil has dried out before testing c Avoiding contamination of the sample during handling and storage d All of the above

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Southern Inspection Services QUESTION NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

API 570 - DAY 2

ANSWER C B A A B C C B D A C D D A D C

REFERENCE NO 11.1.2 11.1.2 11.1.2 11.1.2 11.1.2 11.2 BOK 12.1 12.1 Table 3 GK 12.2 Fig 30 & 31 10.10.1.4.3 10.10.1.4.4 10.10.1.4.5

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Practice Questions All Questions are Closed Book 1. API Recommended Practice 574. Inspection of Piping Tubing Valves, and Fittings, does not cover. a. Control valves b. Piping smaller than 2” NPS c. Tubing smaller than 1.5” diameter d. Fittings smaller than 2” NPS 2. The refining industry generally uses what type piping for severe service? a. Brass b. Cast c. Seamless d. Longitudinal seam welded 3. Piping is made by rolling plates to size and welding the seams larger than _______ inches Outside diameter a. 10 b. 16 c. 14 d. 12 4. Steel and alloy piping are also manufactured to standard dimensions in nominal pipe sizes up to ________ inches. a. 24 b. 36 c. 48 d. 50 5. Steel and alloy piping are also manufactured to standard thicknesses designated as schedules in nominal pipe sizes up to ______ inch a. 24 b. 36 c. 48 d. 50

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Southern Inspection Services 6. The actual thickness of wrought piping may vary from its nominal thickness by a manufacturing under tolertance of as much as ________ percent. a. 12.5 b. 12.0 c. 10.0 d. 10.5 7. Cast piping has thickness tolerance of +_____ inch and -_____ inch a. 1/16,0 b. 1/16, 1/16 c. 1/32, 1/32 d. 3/64,0 8. For all nominal pipe sizes of ____ inches and smaller, the size refers to the nominal inside diameter. a. 10 b. 12 c. 14 d. 16 9. Under tolerance of welded pipe often used in refinery service is __________ inch a. 0.125 b. 0.050 c. 0.010 d. 0.005 10. For what service is cast iron piping normally used? a. Non-hazardous service, such as lube oils. b. Non-hazardous service, such as water c. Corrosive service, such as acids d. Non-corrosive service, such as low temperature caustic 11. Tubing is generally seamless drawn, but is may be welded. Its stated size is its actual a. Outside radius b. Inside diameter c. Outside diameter d. Inside radius

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Southern Inspection Services 12. There are many type valves. Which is incorrect valve type listed below? a. Style valve b. Gate valve c. Check valve d. Globe valve 13. What type valve is normally used in a fully open or fully close position? a. Gate b. Globe c. Slide d. Plug 14. What type gate valves have body and port openings that are smaller than the valves end opening a. Borda tube gate valves b. Reduced-port gate valves c. Weir gate valves d. Sluice gate valves 15. What type of gate valve should not be used as block valves associated with pressure relief devices? a. Sluice gate valves b. Weir gate valves c. Borda tube gate valves d. Reduced-port gate valves 16. What is a globe valve used for? a. It is normally used as block valve b. It is commonly used to regulate fluid flow c. It is ordinarily used to measure pressure drop d. It is frequently used in place of a slide valve 17. A plug valve consists: a. Of a slide or slides that operate perpendicularly to the flow and move on rail guides to interrupt flow. b. Of a ball with a hole in it that fits into the valve body and interrupts the flow of material. c. Of a circular gate that operates in and out in the body to interrupt flow d. Of a tapered or cylindrical truncated come with a slot fitting into a correspondingly shaped seat.

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18. What type of valve depends upon a spherical type gate has a hole in it and is rotated to open or close it? a. Diaphragm valve b. Plug valve c. Globe valve d. Ball valve 19. What are check valves normally used for a. They are generally used in erosive or high-temperature service b. They are used to automatically prevent backflow c. They are commonly used to regulate fluid flow d. They are used for conditions that require quick on/off or bubble tight service. 20. What are slide valves generally used for? a. They are used to automatically prevent backflow b. They are used for conditions that require quick on/off or bubbletight service c. They are generally used in erosive or high-temperature service d. They are commonly used to regulate fluid flow. 21. What type of pipe joint is generally limited to piping in non-critical service and has a nominal size of 2 inches or smaller? a. flanged joint b. threaded joint c. socket-weld joint d. butt-welded joint 22. Socket welded joints are usually used in nominal pipe size of ________ or smaller a. 4” b. 3” c. 2.5” d. 2” 23. Which of the joints listed is the most common found in the petroleum industry? a. Compression joints b. Butt-welded joints c. Bell-and-spigot joints d. Sleeve joints

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Southern Inspection Services 24. The primary purpose of piping inspection is to a. Satisfy the requirements of jurisdictional regulations b. Achieve ate the lowest cost, piping that is reliable and has the desired quality c. Ensure plant safety and reliability, also achieve desired quality assurance d. Produce a piping system that meets minimum design and serviceability requirements. 25. Adequet inspection is a prerequisite for maintaining piping: a. In a leak free condition b. Satisfactory to the owner-user c. In a satisfactory operating condition d. In a safe, operable condition 26. OSHA 1910.119mandates that: a. Piping be inspected to a code or standard such as API 570 b. Owner/user adopt API 570 c. Water piping be inspected the same as chemical piping d. The owner/user immediately shut down corroded piping system 27. Regulatory requirements usually cover only those conditions that affect. a. Pollution b. Operations c. Safety d. Maintenance 28. The single most frequent reason for replacing piping is: a. An over-zealous inspector b. In-service cracking c. H2S deterioration and erosion d. Thinning due to corrosion 29. On piping that is operating, the key to effective monitoring of piping corrosion is identifying and establishing ______________________ a. L.O.L’s b. J.L.G’s c. T.M.L’s d. C.U.I’s

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Southern Inspection Services 30. Which one of the following is not a factor for consideration when establishing corrosion-monitoring programs? a. Accessibility b. Circuitisation c. Transducer diameter d. Risk classification 31. A greater loss in metal thickness will usually be observed near a restriction or change in direction in a pipe line. What usually causes this? a. The effects of turbulence or velocity b. The Effects of stagnation or fretting c. The effects of corrosion or declination d. The effects of oxidation or waning 32. What type of problem would you expect to find in catalyst, flue-gas, and slurry piping on a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit a. Embrittlement b. Cracking c. Corrosion d. Erosion 33. Stainless steel such as type 304 18 Chr.-8 Ni in the presence of temperature above 100 degrees F. may crack because of the presence of: a. Nitrates b. Sulphides c. Chlorides d. Dissolved oxygen 34. A 2” diameter line is injecting a product into an 8” diameter pipe. What type of deterioration would you expect to take place? a. Accelerated corrosion or erosion b. Long term corrosion c. Chloride cracking d. Dissolved oxygen pitting 35. What type of problem would you expect in piping containing Amine? a. Dissolved oxygen cracking b. Stress corrosion cracking c. Galvanic corrosion d. Crevice corrosion

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Southern Inspection Services 36. What area do you consider to be of most concern when inspecting a piping system? a. Underneath insulation on lines operating at temperatures above 200ºF b. In a straight run pipe containing motor oil c. At and/or downstream of a chemical injection point d. Underneath insulation on line operating below 25ºF 37. Leaks in utility piping (water, steam etc.) are: a. Only of minor concern and may be disregarded b. Always dangerous but losses are negligible c. Seldom hazardous but they do result in losses d. Usually hazardous and losses result 38. Where do many (may be the majority) of leaks occur in pipelines? a. Straight runs of piping b. Flanges or packing glands c. Changes of direction of piping d. Downstream of injection points 39. The prompt repair of _________ will often prevent serious corrosion or erosion of gasket surface or packing glands. a. Supports b. Leaks c. Guides d. Welds 40. The deformation of a vessel wall in the vicinity of a pipe attachment; expansion joints that are not performing properly; a pipe dislodged from its support etc are evidence of: a. Misalignment b. Leaks c. Weld problems d. Drips 41. Spring hanger loading should be checked under: a. Elevated temperature conditions b. Both cold and hot conditions c. Sub-zero temperature conditions d. Ambient temperature conditions

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42. An inspector finds concrete fireproofing around a structural steel column with openings (cracks). The inspector suspects that water may be entering. What should the inspector do? a. The inspector should ask his supervisor what he should do. b. All the fireproofing should be stripped from the column c. Enough fireproofing should be removed to determine the extent of the problem d. No action should be taken 43. If a steel column in a pipe support rack is corroded. What should the inspector do? a. Have the corrosion products cleaned off and have the column painted b. No action is required c. Thickness measurements should be taken to determine whether enough metal is left to safely support the load. d. Call a piping engineer. 44. How do you inspect non-destructively for loose or broken foundation bolts? a. Break out the concrete around the foundation bolt. b. Hammer the bolts vertically with a hammer c. Lightly rap the bolts sideways with a hammer while holding a finger against the opposite side. d. Radiograph the foundation 45. As an inspector, you find a 6” diameter pipe line that is vibrating and swaying. What is one of the most important things you would check for and where would you check? a. Fireproofing on the supports should be checked for spalling and breaking b. Welds should be inspected for cracks, particularly at points of restraint c. Base-plates of the pipe supports should be checked to see if the bolts are tight d. Valves in the system should be checked to insure they are not vibrating open/closed

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46. An insulated pipe shows evidence of defects in the jacketing covering the insulation. You suspect that water may be getting in through the defects. What you would do? a. Strip the pipe line complete to allow 100% inspection and renewal lot the insulation b. If no discoloration is present to indicate corrosion (rust), no action is required c. Strip enough insulation to determine the extent and severity of possible corrosion d. Strip at least 50% of the insulation from the pipe to allow examination. 47. While inspecting an underground pipe line right-of-way, you find a discolored spot on the ground near a road that crosses the right-of-way. Which of the items below would be the course you would follow? a. The inspector should make a note for the records and have the area checked at some future time for possible leakage. b. It is not unusual to have discoloration on pie line right-of-ways. If the discoloration is not wet and there is no evidence of leakage, no action is required. c. The inspector picks up material from the discolored area. If it smells okay and no there is no reaction on the skin, the area should pose no problem d. The discoloration should be investigated as a possible spill. Soil or liquid samples should be checked to see if it is corrosive to the underground. 48. Ultrasonic instruments are widely used for thickness measurements and are used extensively by inspection organizations. If a transducer is not equipped with “high temperature” delay-line material, it can be damaged by temperatures over _________ degrees F. a. 150 b. 1000 c. 250 d. 300

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Southern Inspection Services 49. An insulated piping system needs to have its pipe wall thickness checked. The owner-user does no want holes cut in the insulation for UT measurements and they do not want to shut down. What would you do to obtain thickness reading? a. AE b. MT c. ET d. RT 50. Reduction of strength of the metal in a pipe, scaling, bulging, metal deterioration or completer failure are all symotoms of: a. Excessive pressure b. Low temperature c. Excessive temperature d. Blocked effluent 51. Points of probable external corrosion of underground piping can be located by a series of measurements of the: a. Electrical resistance of surrounding soil or by measurement of pipe-tosoil electrical potential b. Wattage of the surrounding piping or by measurement of pipe-toconduit electrical resistance c. Potential of the cathodic protection or by wattage of the pipe-to-soil electrical resistance d. Volt-amps readings of the surrounding soil or by measurement of pipeto-pipe electrical potential 52. One of the most important things that an inspector must after carrying out inspection. a. Make sure all electrical potentials have been checked and shut off where necessary to prevent contact b. Check all lines to just before the point they enter the unit limits to make sure only the unit lines are inspected. c. Review the condition of transportation (cars, trucks, scooters, bicycles etc) to make sure transportation is not interrupted. d. Review the records of previous inspections and of inspections conducted during the current operating period.

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Southern Inspection Services 53. When making a visual internal inspection of a pipe and fouling is found, what should the inspector do? a. Make a note to include in the records; another inspector at the next period may want to investigate further b. Check with the operators to see if it is causing problems, if no problems no further action is necessary c. Cleaning should be considered, also, the deposits should be checked to find their origin d. Have the line cleaned completely immediately, make a complete write up for records 54. The locations on piping most susceptible to cracking are a. Changes of directions b. Welds c. Straights runs d. Flange bolts 55. When checking austentic materials for cracks using PT methods only liquid penetrants a. With low or no nitrides should be used b. With low or no carbides should be used. c. With high or medium chlorides should be used d. With low or no chlorides should be used 56. What type of defect would you expect to find at the problem of a groove of a ring joint flange made from ASTM-347 Stainless Steel? a. Pits b. Cracks c. Hydrogen blisters d. Fouling 57. Valves should be dismantled at specified intervals to permit examination of all internal parts. Body thickness should be measured at locations that were inaccessible before dismantling, particularly at: a. The disk seating surfaces b. Flange where the bonnet is attached c. Locations that show evidence of corrosion or erosion d. Random locations throughout the valve

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Southern Inspection Services 58. Bodies of valves that operate in severe cyclic temperature service should be checked internally for: a. Erosion b. Fouling c. Cracks d. Pitting 59. Gate valves should be measured for thickness between the seats, since serious deterioration may have occurred because of: a. Cracks b. Turbulence c. Fouling d. Corrosion 60. Why is the area between the seats of a gate valve a weak location? a. Pitting can occur at this location while the valve is operating open b. Fouling can occur at this location where there is a possibility of high velocity c. The body of the valve is thinner in this location d. The welding action of the disk when is seats causes strain in this area 61. After a valve has been inspected, repaired and reassembled, what should be done next? a. It should be plasited inside to prevent corrosion and returned for reinstallation b. It should be returned to the job for reinstallation c. It should be painted and the inlet and outlet capped d. It should be tested to API 598 requirements 62. In addition to checking the gasket surfaces of flanges for defects, and checking for corrosion and erosion, which of the following additional checks: a. The rating of the flanges must be checked to make sure that they are both class 150 and they both have the same number of bolt holes. b. The bolts should be checked for proper specification, stretching and corrosion. The gasket must be of the proper type and material c. The flange bolt holes must match and at least one flange must be a class 15 or 30 d. The bolts should be machine grade and brand-new. The gasket must be a minimum of a spiral would grafoil filled.

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63. A weld is being made in carbon steel piping carrying Amine (MEA). What should the inspector check in addition to insuring that the weld is proper and meets specification? a. The class of the piping, i.e. 150,300,600 etc should be verified b. Amine can cause environmental cracking; the weld should be checked for hardness c. Welds on the weld hangers should be made checked and the results recorded d. Check the seating surface and lightness of the joint by WFMT 64. Welded joints in carbon steel and carbon-molybdenum steel exposed to elevated temperature of 800º For over may be subject to: a. Hydrogen attack b. Graphitization c. Environmental cracking d. Graphitic corrosion 65. Which one of the listed is not a cause for a threaded joint leak? a. Use of the proper lubricant b. Improper assembly or loose threads c. Corrosion or poor fabrication d. Cross threading or dirty threads at assembly 66. Why should a leaking threaded joint not be tightened while the system is in service under pressure? a. An undetected crack in a thread root might fail and cause a release of product b. Tightening may exacerbate the hardness of the threads and cause leaks. c. The pressure on the gasket may be so great that it causes a failure and thus leaks d. Supports may fail if the threaded joint is lightened-tension on the supports 67. What type of pipe joint must not be used without adequate axial restraint on the piping? a. Threaded joints b. Flanged joints c. Clamped joints d. Welded joints

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Southern Inspection Services

68. Which of the following is not a cause of misalignment? a. In adequate provision for expansion or broken and/or defective anchors or guides b. Too many bolts in the flanges or bolts with the wrong material c. Excessive friction on sliding saddles or broken or corroded rollers d. Excessive operating temperatures or broken or improperly adjusted hangers. 69. Where excessive vibration or swaying was noted in a piping system during operation, an inspection should be made for point of ____________ and _________ _________ and for cracks in welds at locations that could not be inspection during operation. a. Graphitization, graphitic corrosion b. Scaling, internal oxidation c. Abrasion, external wear d. Rusting, hydrogen blisters 70. Piping that has been in service or had hot spots of 800ºF and above should be checked for creep or deformation with time under stress by: a. Using a transit to establish correct alignment and elevation or plumbness b. Measuring the outside diameter of the pipe and comparing established data for life. c. Pressure testing the piping to ensure it is serviceable. d. Examining the piping with acoustic emission equipment 71. Special attention should be given to small connections such as vents, bleeders, any type of small nipple. One method for successfully checking the condition and the thickness of nipples is the use of: a. RT b. AE c. MT d. PT 72. A pressure test for-inservice piping, in most cases is a: a. Leak test b. Stress test c. Ebullition test d. Strength test

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73. If a pressure test is conducted with air or if excess air is trapped in a system that is being hydrostatically tested, a failure of the system will be: a. Less violent than in a totally liquid filled system because it, does not expand as rapidly as a hydraulic medium b. Easy to manage because the air will prevent liquid from being spread of the area and possibly causing an environmental incident c. More violent than in a totally liquid filled system because of the expansion of the compressible medium d. Of little consequence since it the failure will be similar to air leaking from a nail hole in a motor car tire inner tube 74. Which of the following materials NOT be commonly used for a pressure test? a. Water with or without an inhibitor, freezing-point depressant, or wetting agent chloride b. Liquid products normally carried in the system, if the are not toxic or likely to cause a fire in the event of a leak or failure. c. Steam, air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium or another inert gas 75. In which of the following systems would water be a questionable test medium? a. Gasoline reflux lines, propane piping, and butane systems b. Diesel fuel systems, gas oil systems, and kerosene systems c. Acid lines, cryogenic systems, and air drier systems d. Reboiler oil systems, boiler piping, and steam turbine lines. 76. What should be considered when testing carbon steel piping during cold weather or if cold fluids are used in the testing? a. The transition temperature of the steel should be considered to prevent brittle failure b. The test medium may freeze if it escapes during test c. The transition temperature of the medium should be considered for brittle cracking d. The translation temperature of the test medium may freeze the test gages 77. What is the preferred medium for a pneumatic test? a. A flammable gas b. An inert gas c. Hydrogen gas d. Propane gas

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78. What type of piping usually has a pressure recorded attached in which a permanent record of the test is made? a. Boiler piping b. Underground piping c. Light hydrocarbon unit piping d. Operating unit piping 79. The service was fluidized catalyst one. Choose correct option for the PRD a. Since valve body thk is normally heavier than pipe thk ,routine monitoring of valve body thk is not required b. Valves have to be removed at specified intervals for inspection and can be reused with same bonnet c. Valves should be tested as per the requirements of API 578 d. All e. None 80. Flutter will occur in a. Gate valeves b. Globe valves c. Ball Valves d. Swing-check valve 81. When the valves Leak through the gate a. Valves should be removed from the service b. Valve should be immediately repaired c. Leak through the gate should be plugged d. Potential for the leakage to cause accelerated corrosion downstream of the valve should be considered to finalize the priority of the increased inspection of the valve replacement 82. Improperly torque fasteners in the flanges will cause a. Crack in the Fasteners b. Flange deformation c. Crack in the Flange d. Slipping fasteners

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83. When there is excessive bolt loading, most probably a. Nut Canot rotate freely b. Nut will rotate freely c. Flange may bend d. Stud may get cracked 84. Grapphitization can be checked by a. RT b. UT c. Metallography d. PT 85. If there is a misalignment in large Dia Catalyst transfer lines as in FCC units a. They should be checked when the pipe is hot b. They should be checked with RT c. They should be checked when the pipe has cooled down d. Use VA Laser Tachometer 86. For Non metallic pipes a. inspection freq Is Set usually with in the first two years of operation b. Visual Examination & Pressure testing Are Primary inspection methods c. ASTM D 5263 Provides Guidance for VT of FRP d. All e. None 87. For Locating Delamination Following Advance Method is used a. Use PT b. Coin Tapping c. UT d. RT

except --------

88. To find Growing Cracks in the FRP which is better a. RT b. UT c. AE d. VT

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89. For FRP Hardness Reference is given in a. API 574 b. ASME B 31.3 c. ASTM D 2583 d. API 578 90. B 31.3 has restrictions on the use of---------- Pressure testing a. Water without Inhibiter b. Liquid Products that are normally carried in the system c. Helium d. All e. None

91. Water is not a suitable medium in some cases because a. MIC b. In acid lines c. Use of uninhibited salt water on some non ferrous alloys d. All e. None 92. If steam is used at 200 Deg C a. Category D piping rule should be applies b. Steam Should not be used c. The rules for Pneumatic system should be followed d. Steam canot be heated to 200 DegC 93. The purpose of delforez hole is a. To Equilease the pressure on both sides b. To alert the personnel through a weep through the telltale hole c. To determine the wall loss & Crack Presence in the selected area d. To supplement UT Examinations in Critical Areas 94. Holiday testing is used a. To find Missing refractory which are called Holidays b. To evaluate the coating serviceability of buried piping in service c. To find missing welding portion like LOP d. The frequency of Holiday testing the same as class 2 piping

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Southern Inspection Services 95. In Wenner Four pin modal, Resistivity ρ is given as--------------, where d is the distance in feet and A is the Area R = (Voltage drop between the inner pins) / (induced current flow between the outer pins) a. b. c. d.

191.5 xd /R 191.5 x d xR D X R/ A DXRXA

96. In the soil box method if the resistivity of the soil sample is not going to be measured immediately after its removal a. The soil should be kept in a separate container & Periodically water should be added b. The Soil Resistivity should be measured after it has been dried at ambient temperature c. The depth of soil sample collection is not the criteria and so sample collected from any depth is ok d. None 97. Most plant Piping are not suitable for Intelligent Pigging a. Because of small size b. Because of sharp bends c. Because SWC valves d. All e. None

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Southern Inspection Services QUESTION NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 API 570 - DAY 2

ANSWER A C B C B A A B C B C A A B D B D D B C B D B C D A C D C C A D C A B C C B B A B

REFERENCE NO 1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1.1.3 4.1.1.4 4.2.4.2 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.2 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.8 4.3.9 5.2 4.5.3.3 5.3.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.4 7.3.1 7.3.2.2 7.3.4 7.3.3 7.4.7 7.4.8.1 7.4.6.2a 7.4.8.1 7.4.6.2 10.1.2.1 10.1.2.1 10.1.2.3 10.1.3 10.1.4.1 Page 26

Southern Inspection Services 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 API 570 - DAY 2

C C C B C D B D C A D C B D B C C B D D B B B A A C B C B A A C B C A B B E D D B A

10.1.4.2 10.1.4.2 10.1.4.4 10.1.5 10.1.6.1 10.1.7 10.2.1.5.1 10.2.2.1 7.4.1.1.1 10.10.1.2 12.5 10.3.1.2 10.3.2 10.3.2.2 10.3.5.1.2 10.3.4.4 10.3.4.4 10.3.4.4.1 10.3.4.4.1 10.3.4.3 10.3.5.1.3 10.3.5.2 10.3.5.2.4 10.3.5.3 10.3.5.3 caution 10.3.5.4 caution 10.3.6 10.3.7 10.3.8 10.2.2.1 10.5.1.1 10.5.2.2 10.5.2.5 10.5.2.6 10.5.2.6 10.5.2.7 10.10.1.4.4 10.3.4 10.3.4.5 10.3.4.7 10.3.5.1.1 10.3.5.1.3 Page 27

Southern Inspection Services 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

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C C D C C C C D C B B B D D

10.3.5.2.4 10.3.6 10.4.1 10.4.1 Table 5 Table 5 10.5.2.5 10.5.2.6 10.5.2.6 note 10.7 10.2.1.3 10.10.1.4.3 10.10.1.4.5 10.10.2.1

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Southern Inspection Services API 574 TIPS 1.

Refer Table 1 for NPS, ID,OD THK of pipes Cast iron piping is generally used for non hazardous service, such as water; it is generally not recommended for pressurized hydrocarbon service. The standards and sizes for cast iron piping differ from those for welded and seamless piping.

2.

Small-bore piping (NPS 2 pipe size and less) can be used as primary process piping or as nipples, secondary, and auxiliary piping.

3.

Auxiliary piping is normally open to service and used for flush lines, instrument piping, analyzer piping, lubrication, and seal oil piping for rotating equipment.

4.

Tubing is generally seamless, but may be welded. Its stated size is the actual outside diameter. Tubing is usually made in small diameters and is mainly used for heat exchangers, instrument piping, lubricating oil services, steam tracing, and similar services.

5.

A gate valve consists of a body that contains a gate that interrupts ßow. This type of valve is normally used in a fully open or fully closed position. Gate valves larger than 2 inches (51 mm) usually have port openings that are approximately the same size as the valve end openings,

6.

Reduced port gate valves have port openings that are smaller than the end openings. Reduced port valves should not be used as block valves associated with pressure relief devices or in erosive applications, such as slurries, or lines that are to be pigged

7.

Globe Valves A globe valve, which is commonly used to regulate fluid flow, consists of a valve body that contains a circular disc that moves parallel to the disc axis and contacts the seat. For fine-throttling service, a very steep tapered seat may be used; this particular type of globe valve is referred to as a needle valve.

8.

A plug valve consists of a tapered or cylindrical plug fitted snugly into a correspondingly shaped seat in the valve body. Plug valves usually function as block valves to close off flow.

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Southern Inspection Services 9.

The slide valve is a specialized gate valve generally used in erosive or hightemperature service. It consists of a flat plate that slides against a seat. The slide valve uses a fixed orifice and one or two solid slides that move in guides, creating a variable orifice that make the valve suitable for throttling or blocking.

10. Threaded joints are generally limited to piping in non critical service that has a nominal size of 2 inches (51 mm) or smaller. 11. Cast iron pipe joints can be of the flanged, packed, sleeve, hub-and-spigotend or hub-and-plain-end, or bell-and-spigot- end or bell-and-plain-end type. Push-on joints with rubber or synthetic ring gaskets are available. Clamped joints are also used. Threaded joints are seldom used for cast iron. 12. The inspection should result in increased operating safety, reduced maintenance costs, and more reliable and efficient operations. 13. Additionally, if deterioration is detected in pressure equipment, associated piping should also be inspected. 14. Elbows, reducers, mixing tees, control valves, and orifices are examples of piping components where accelerated corrosion may occur because of increased velocity and/or turbulence. 15. According to API 570, Section 4.2, all process piping must be given a consequence of failure classification. The inspector reduces the uncertainty of the data obtained by assigning more TMLs to the lower classified piping and monitoring more frequently. 16. Carbon steel piping systems, including ones insulated for personnel protection, operating between 25¡F (-4¡C) and 250¡F (121¡C). CUI is particularly aggressive where operating temperatures cause frequent or continuous condensation and re-evaporation of atmospheric moisture. 17. Carbon steel piping systems which normally operate in service above 250¡F (121¡C), but are in intermittent service. 18. Erosion damage is usually increased in streams with large quantities of solid or liquid particles and high velocities 19. ENVIRONMENTAL CRACKING: Amine stress corrosion cracking in non stress relieved piping systems.

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Southern Inspection Services 20. ENVIRONMENTAL CRACKING Hydrogen blistering and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) damage. This has not been as serious a problem for piping as it has been for pressure vessels. It is listed here because it is considered to be environmental cracking and may occur in piping, although it has not been extensive. One exception where this type of damage has been a problem is longitudinally welded pipe fabricated from plate materials 21. Brittle Fracture : Carbon, low-alloy, and other ferritic steels may be susceptible to brittle failure at or below ambient temperatures. In some cases, the refrigerating effect of vaporizing liquids such as ammonia or C2 or C3 hydrocarbons may chill the piping and promote brittle fracture in material that may not otherwise Fail 22. Readings at areas with surface temperatures above 20º F (93 º C) are normally higher than actual thicknesses and may vary from approximately 1 percent higher at 30 º¡F (149 º C) to 5 percent higher at 700 º F (371 º C ) 23. Profile radiography is particularly useful for identifying external corrosion of small connections under insulation, such as bleed lines and gauge connections, 24. The locations most susceptible to cracking are welds, including fillet welds at other than pressure welds, heat affected areas adjoining welds, and points of restraint or excessive strain. 25. A leaking threaded joint should not be tightened while the system is in service under pressure. An undetected crack in a thread root might fail and cause a release of product with serious consequences. 26. The outside diameter of piping in high-temperature service - metal temperatures of about 800ºF (427ºC) and above- should be measured to check for creep, or deformation with time under stress 27. Holiday Pipe Coating Survey. More often it is used to evaluate coating serviceability for buried piping that has been in service for an extended period. 28. Holiday Pipe Coating Survey For example, on a coated pipe where there is gradual loss of cathodic protection potentials, or when an external corrosion leak occurs at a coating defect, a pipe coating holiday survey may be used to evaluate the coating.

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29. The corrosiveness of the soils can be determined by a measurement of the soil resistivity. Lower levels of resistivity are relatively more corrosive than higher levels, especially in areas where the pipe is exposed to significant changes in soil resistivity. 30. The formula for calculating the retirement thickness of pipe can be adapted for valves and flanged fittings by using the factor of 1.5 and the allowable stress for the material specified in ASME B31.3. 31. Excavation he last few inches of soil should be removed manually to avoid this possibility. If the excavation is sufficiently deep, the sides of the trench should be properly shored to prevent their collapse, 32. In cases of parallel pipes or in areas of intersecting pipelines, the 4-pin method may not be applicable. Other methods include using a soil bar or a soil box.

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Southern Inspection Services API 578 TIPS API – 578, M.V program for New & Existing Alloys Piping  API RP 578 – guide lines for Material control, M.V program on ferrous & nonferrous alloys – during construction, installation maintenance & inspection of new & existing piping.  C.S materials are not specifically covered under API – 578.  Substituting alloy material for C.S material may result in failure: ex: wet hydrogen sulfide (H2S) hydrofluoric acid (HF), Sulfuric acid (H2S04)  Within the operating plant responsible for M.V. program – Purchasing, engineering, warehouse/recovering operations, reliability, maintenance & inspection  Alloy material  any metallic materials that contains alloy element such as CR, NI, MO.  An Inspection lot does not include item from more than 1 heat  Material supplier  organization that supplies materials and certified by a material manufacture.  Distributor: Wire housing supplier for one or more manufacturers or suppliers of alloy material.  M.V. Program  Procedure  PMI Testing  Physical Testing  Random  Selection Process made in an arbitrary and unbased manner.  Representative Sample  Selected At Random From The Inspection Lot  Standard Reference Material: Chemical analysis checked at laboratory and used in demonstrating accuracy of the test instrument. (Calibration Block)  Mill Test Report should not be considered the substitute for the PMI Test.  Welding  One Electrode or wire sample from each lot or package should be positively identified. – Weld rods that are having alloying elements in the flux coating  PMI Testing on weld metal or undercut weld portion is an expectable alternative.  Longitudinal welding alloy pipe and fitting should receive random PMI Testing on base metal and weld metal  Autogroove weld  only on base metal  Distributed Supplier materials  Higher degree of PMI Testing is required due to the potential for material mix ups as a result of handling

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Southern Inspection Services Existing Piping Systems: PMI is limited to the pressure containing components and their attachment welds  Priotorizing piping for Retroactive PMI o Likely wood of material mix up (Key factor is effectiveness of M.V. Program at the time of construction and maintenance) o Consequence of failure o Corrosion resistance or protect purity o Historical date relating to material substitution  Factors to be considered for Extent of PMI Testing o Historical Inspection and M.V. Program recovered o Number of plant modification o Material control during construction and modification o M.V. Program quality during construction o Consequence of release o Likely wood of corrosion / degradation  PMI Testing with the wire house should not be regarded as alternative to PMI Testing and Fabricated piping system when testing is specified.  PMI is not extended to established exact conformance of a material to a particular alloy specification.  Depending on the test method – PMI Test method may identified the nominal composition of alloy material  PMI Method  portable, X-ray Fluorescence, Portable optical emission in spectroscopy and lab chemical analysis, Magnetic Testing to difference between ferritic austenitic.  Portable X-ray Fluorescence – qualitative and quantitative measurements. o Element lighter than sulpher (S) cannot be detector by portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer – INS carbon (C) cannot be determined.  Portable optical emission spectrometer can also identified carbon (C) content. Hot work permit may be required because it produces on area wile measuring  Chemical spot testing – electrode mechanically remaining minute amount of sulpher metal and depositing it on to filter paper. Distinct color indicates presence of specific elements  Resistivity testing – See back effect on thermo electric principles. Alloy sorters are not prove to be consistently capable of sorting low alloy (< 5% CR) and austenitic S.S.  Other technique  Eddy current sorters, electromagnetic alloys sorters, triboelectric testing device, Thermo electric Test.

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Southern Inspection Services  PMI Procedure should cover: techniques used, equipment calibration, qualification requirements of PMI Testing personal testing methodology, documentation requirements.

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API 570 Certification Prep API 578 Study Questions This following study aid helps you learn the content of API RP-578, Material Verification Program for New and Existing Alloy Piping Systems. There will be about 5 questions from this document on the API 570 exam. We do not spend class time on this publication. So it is important that you become familiar with this content in your personal study sessions. The questions in this study aid are in the same order as API 578. AN answer key will be provided in class. It is helpful to read through API 578 before working on this exercise! 1. API 578 provides guidelines for a quality assurance system to verify: a. All materials. b. All alloy materials. c. Only non-ferrous material d. Only high-alloy materials. 2. Usually substituting an alloy for carbon steel would not cause a problem. List 3 process services where substituting an alloy for carbon steel could result in a problem. a. ___________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________ 3. An alloy material is any metallic material that contains alloying elements that are added: a. Only to improve mechanical properties. b. Only to improve corrosion resistance c. To improve either mechanical properties or improve corrosion resistance 4. Alloy components include, pipe, fittings, plate, flanges, and _________ 5. An inspection lot includes: a. All materials from same supplier b. All materials included on the same purchase order c. All materials of the same material type (i.e. 316 SS) d. All materials of the same material type from the same supplier and heat.

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Southern Inspection Services 6. A documented material verification program should be established by the : a. Authorized Inspector b. Owner/User c. Repair organization d. Engineering organization. 7. The material verification program should cover PMI testing of materials: a. During construction of piping systems. b. In existing piping systems. c. During repairs and alterations of piping systems. d. In existing piping systems and during construction, repairs and alterations of piping systems 8. Random sampling is most appropriate for: a. Low-risk systems b. Low alloy systems c. Stainless steel systems d. Ferritic steel systems 9. Who has the responsibility to determine the extent of PMI performed? a. Authorized inspector b. Owner/User c. Repair organization d. Engineering organization 10. Who has the responsibility to verify that the material verification program is properly implemented? a. Authorized inspector b. Owner/User c. Repair organization d. Engineering organization 11. Who has the responsibility to review and approve the adequacy of the PMI program used by fabricators and material suppliers? a. Authorized inspector b. Owner/User c. Repair organization d. Engineering organization

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Southern Inspection Services 12. A mill test report: a. Eliminates the need for further material verification b. Is a report showing material discrepancies c. Is an important part of the material qualify assurance program d. Is issued by the owner upon receipt of materials 13. The material verification program specified by API 578 covers: a. Only pressure – containing components b. Only pipe, and fittings c. Only pipe, fittings and welds d. Pressure – containing and non-pressure containing components 14. During alloy welding: a. One electrode from each box should be sampled b. Two electrodes from each box should be sampled c. One electrode from each lot should be sampled d. Two electrodes from each lot should be sampled 15. If alloy elements(s) are contained in the flux of a welding electrode, PMI testing: a. Is not necessary b. Is not necessary provided appropriate documentation is provided by the supplier c. Could be conducted on any of the production welds. d. Could be conducted on a weld button prior to production welds. 16. New longitudinal welded alloyed pipe should: a. Never be used. b. Be used only if the Quality Factors is 1.0. c. Receive random PMI testing of weld and base metal d. Receive 100% PMI testing of weld and base metal 17. Who has the responsibility to determine the extent of PMI testing required on existing piping systems? a. Authorized inspector b. Owner / User c. Repair organization d. Engineering organization

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Southern Inspection Services 18. List 4 important factors to consider when prioritizing the need for PMI on existing piping systems. a. _______________________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________________ c. _______________________________________________________ d. _______________________________________________________ 19. Incorrect substitution of carbon steel is most likely to be found in: a. Chrome steels b. Stainless steels c. Any ferritic steel d. Any non-ferrous 20. Which of the following piping components is most likely to have a substitution with the wrong material? a. A 20’ length of 6 NPS pipe b. Weld-neck flange c. Expansion joint d. Bolting 21. Who has the responsibility to determine the extent of PMI testing required during repairs and alterations of piping systems? a. Authorized inspector b. Owner/User c. Repair organization d. Engineering organization 22. Identification of materials by visual stamps or markings: a. Is not an important part of the material verification program b. Is not a substitute for PMI testing c. Is important only on high alloy materials d. Should only be done by inspectors. 23. PMI tools that use X-Ray fluorescence can not detect: a. Carbon content b. Chrome content c. Iron content d. Molybdenum content

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Southern Inspection Services 24. How does Portable Optical Emission Spectrometry determine the elements in a material? a. An electric arc causes a spectrum of light to be emitted from the tested material. The light is analyzed b. X-rays striking the material cause a spectrum of x-rays to be emitted from the tested material. The x-rays are analyzed. c. Specific chemicals deposited on the tested material cause a spectrum of colors to be emitted. The colors are analyzed d. The surface is polished and etched. A replication is preformed and is analyzed with a microscope. 25. PMI testing equipment should be: a. Calibrated every 4 hours b. Calibrated as specified by the manufacturer c. Used only by the manufacturer’s personnel d. Used by owner/user personnel 26. All personnel performing PMI tests should be: a. Qualified by national exam b. Qualified by the owner/user c. Knowledgeable about the operation of the PMI test equipment d. Knowledgeable about the operation of the plant where the PMI is conducted. 27. An alloy weld overlay is applied to carbon steel base metal. Who has the responsibility to establish the minimum alloy requirements of the as-deposited weld metal? a. Authorized inspector b. Owner/User c. Repair organization d. Engineering organization 28. What is the appropriate action to take when an incorrect material is located during a PMI sampling of new materials a. Inspect 2 more items from the inspection lot b. Inspect 50% of the items from the inspection lot c. Inspect 100% of the items from the inspection lot d. Inspection all items supplied by that manufacturer 29. Marking pens should not contain: a. Carbon b. Chrome c. Oxides d. Sulfur API 570 - DAY 2

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API 570 Certification Prep API 578 Study Questions ANSWER KEY Q NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

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Answer B H2s,HF,H2SO4 C Welding filler material D B D A B B B C A C D C B 4.3.2 of 578 C D B B A A B C B C D

Section 1.1 1.2 3.1 4.2.5.H 3.4 3.10 4.1 4.1 4.2.1 4.2.1 4.2.1 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.2.6 4.2.6.1 4.1 4.3.2 4.3.2.1 4.3.3 4.1 5.1 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.3 5.5 6.2 6.3 7.1.2

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Southern Inspection Services API RP 571, Damage mechanisms Affecting Fixed equipment in the Refining Industry ATTN: Examination questions will be based on the following sections only: 1) – Brittle Fracture Its occurrence depends on material fracture toughness and stress concentration and temp below DBTT Occurs during start up & shut down Thicker the material more the brittle fracture Appearance : Straight non branching crack . It will have more cleavage, Less IGC, & No micro void coalescence Inspection : NO Mitigation: By Doing PWHT or perform warm pre stress Hydro static test followed by low temperature hydrostatic test to attend MSOT (Minimum safe operating temperature envelope 2) – Thermal Fatigue 1) Thermal fatigue : Coke drum skirt , Bulge in coke drum skirt, Coke drum shell Appearance : Wide, dagger shaped surface crack running transverse to the stress Detection : VT,MT and PT & IR Mitigation : Plan for differential thermal expansion 3) – Erosion/Erosion Corrosion Pure Errosion is called abrasive wear It is proportional to V 3 ( V is the velocity) It is produced by the solid particle in the liquid More in the bends Soft alloys like Cu and Al alloys are more prone to it Failure is fast and quick Erosion is High at cupro nickel, slowly lower in monel,ss304, hastalloy ,titanium ( Lowest) Appearance :: Pits, groves and valleys etc Inspection : VT,UT & RT . IR scan is used to inspect the refractory loss on stream due to erosion

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Southern Inspection Services 4) – Mechanical Fatigue Usually ooccurs afeter 10 6 or 107 cycles Occurs in De aerator vessel Appearance : Clamp shell like concentric rings, Beach Marks Insspection ; PT, MT,VT,SWUT, & VA 5) – Vibration Induced Fatigue There is a high likelihood of cracking when the input load is synchronous or nearly synchronizes with the natural frequency of the component. Vibration-induced fatigue can be eliminated or reduced through design and the use of supports and vibration dampening equipment. Material upgrades are not usually a solution. Inspection and Monitoring a) Look for visible signs of vibration, pipe movement or water hammer. b) Check for the audible sounds of vibration emanating from piping components such as control valves and fittings. c) Conduct visual inspection during transient conditions (such as startups, shutdowns, upsets, etc.) for intermittent vibrating conditions. 6) – Atmospheric Corrosion Occurs due to moisture. Corrosion increase up 250 deg F . After that it does not occur . Only CUI occurs after that temperature 7) – Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) More severe between 100 Degree C to 121 Degree C Mitigation. : Use paint, coating insulation or vapor barrier Inspection :IR thermography for wet and dry insulation 9) – Boiler Water Condensate Corrosion Occurs in De- Aerator cracker Tubes in steam service can give spider web crack Use Wet Fluorescent MPT

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Southern Inspection Services 10) – Flue Gas Dew Point Corrosion The concentration of contaminants (sulfur and chlorides) in the fuel and the operating temperature of flue gas metal surfaces determine the likelihood and severity of corrosion. Stress corrosion cracking of 300 Series SS can be found using VT and PT inspection. 11) – Microbiological Induced Corrosion (MIC) MIC is usually found in aqueous environments or services where water is always or sometimes present, especially where stagnant or low-flow conditions allow and/or promote the growth of microorganisms. b) Because there are several types, organisms can survive and grow under severe conditions including lack of oxygen, light or dark, high salinity, pH range of 0 to 12, and temperatures from 0oF to 235ºF (–17 oC to 113oC). In-leakage of process contaminants such as hydrocarbons or H2S may lead to a massive increase in biofouling and corrosion. Affected Units or Equipment a) MIC is most often found in heat exchangers, bottom water of storage tanks, piping with stagnant or low flow, and piping in contact with some soils. b) Appearance or Morphology of Damage b) Damage is often characterized by cup-shaped pits within pits in carbon steel or subsurface cavities in stainless steel (Figure 4-45 through Figure 4-50). Prevention / Mitigation b) Proper application of biocides will control but not eliminate microbes so that continued treatment is necessary. 12) – Soil Corrosion Critical Factors a) The severity of soil corrosion is determined by many factors including operating temperature, moisture and oxygen availability, soil resistivity (soil condition and characteristics), soil type (water drainage), and homogeneity (variation in soil type), cathodic protection, stray current drainage, coating type, age, and condition. c) Soil resistivity is frequently used to estimate soil corrosivity, mainly because it is easy to measure. Soil resistivity is related to soil moisture content and dissolved electrolytes in the soil water.

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Southern Inspection Services 13) Sulfidation Occurs above 500 Deg F Appearance : Uniform Thinning Inspection : Use IR TThermography or thermocuple Mitigation : Use Gigh Cr alloyUses ss 300 or ss 400 for construction or for cladding 14) Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (ClSCC) No Practical lower limit Due to the chloride content Increase with the chloride content and with the temperature It affects mostly ss 300 So use duplex steel or nickel based alloy are highly resistant. But High % Ni content more than 35 % are almost immune Mitigation : Do not use sea water. So use low chlorine content water Critical Factors a) Chloride content, pH, temperature, stress, presence of oxygen and alloy composition are critical factors. b) Increasing temperatures increase the susceptibility to cracking. c) Increasing levels of chloride increase the likelihood of cracking. d) No practical lower limit for chlorides exists because there is always a potential for chlorides to concentrate. Appearance or Morphology of Damage a) Surface breaking cracks can occur from the process side or externally under insulation b) The material usually shows no visible signs of corrosion. c) Characteristic stress corrosion cracks have many branches and may be visually detectable by a craze cracked appearance of the surface (Figure 4-78, Figure 4-79 and Figure 4-80). d) Metallography of cracked samples typically shows branched transgranular cracks (Figure 4-81 and Figure 4-82). Sometimes intergranular cracking of sensitized 300 Series SS may also be seen. e) Welds in 300 Series SS usually contain some ferrite, producing a duplex structure that is usually more resistant to Cl–SCC. 15 – Caustic Stress corrosion Cracking (Caustic Embrittlement) It is an SCC due to caustic environment . It occurs near Non PWHT welds Description of Damage Caustic embrittlement is a form of stress corrosion cracking characterized by surface-initiated cracks that occur in piping and equipment exposed to caustic, primarily adjacent to non-PWHT’d welds

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Southern Inspection Services Appearance or Morphology of Damage a) Caustic stress corrosion cracking typically propagates parallel to the weld in adjacent base metal but can also occur in the weld deposit or heat-affected zones. b) The pattern of cracking observed on the steel surface is sometimes described as a spider web of small cracks which often initiate at or interconnect with weldrelated flaws that serve as local stress raisers. Mitigation : use PWHT 16) – High Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTTA) It occurs at high temperature and high pressure due to formation of methane. It is usually accompanied by de carburization Affected units: Hydro processing, Catalytic reformers etc Mitigation Use alloys with Cr and Mo and use tem between 14 deg C to 28 deg C Ref API RP 941 for HATA HTHA will be accompanied by significant amount of decarburization

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API 571 FOR 570 EXAM 1. What area do you consider to be of most concern when inspecting a piping system? a. Underneath insulation on lines operating at temperatures above 200ºF b. In a straight run pipe containing motor oil c. At and/or downstream of a chemical injection point d. Underneath insulation on line operating below 25ºF 2. Erosion – corrosion can appear as a. craze cracks b. Burst c. Groves d. Knife edge cracks 3. For which kind of Damage mechanism inspection is of no use a. Temper embrittlement b. Brittle fracture c. Erosion- corrosion d. Caustic corrosion 4. Which of the following properties will not have effect on brittle fracture a. Thickness b. Stress c. Temperature d. All e. None 5. What is the morphology of brittle fracture a. Multiple clamshell type b. Full of Branches c. Straight & un-branched d. Spider web type

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Southern Inspection Services 6. Performing a warm pre stress hydro test followed by lower temp hydro test may reduce the likelihood of a. Temper Embrittlement b. CUI c. Briitle fracture d. Caustic embrittlement 7. Thermal fatigue Cracking may be suspected if the temperature a. is below 0 Deg C b. Swing Exceeds 93 Deg C c. Is above 200 Deg F d. None 8. Thermal Fatigue mainly occurs in a. Auto refrigeration equipment b. High tem High alloy Steel c. Coke drum shell d. Equipments in the wet marine environment 9. Thermal fatigue cracks are usually a. surface b. Subsurface c. Wide Dagger shaped & oxide filled d. Spider web type 10.

To detect thermal Fatigue Best NDT is a. PT b. VT c. MT d. RT

11.

Erosion corrosion depends on all of the following except a. Velocity of the impacting medium b. TAN level c. Angle of the impact d. All e. none

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Southern Inspection Services 12.

Which may reduce erosion a. Decreasing the pipe dia to decrease the velocity b. Keeping the bends sharp & short c. Using replaceable impingement baffles d. All e. None

13. Suppose there is refractory loss on the stream due to erosion. Which ndt Method is faster a. UT b. RT c. IR d. PT 14.

Which metal has the lowest erosion –corrosion a. C.S b. Monel c. Titanium d. Al-Bronze

15.

Which can improve the mechanical fatigue resistance a. Quenching b. Tempering c. Finer grained material d. All e. None

16. C.S & Titanium will have endurance limit. So below which Fatigue crack a. Increase with number cycle b. Decrease with the number of cycles c. Do not occur Independent of the no of cycle d. C.S & titanium do not have endurance limit at all

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Southern Inspection Services 17.

Choose correct option a. Aus ss exhibit an endurance limit b. Titanium do not exhibit an endurance limit c. C.S exhibit an endurance limit d. All e. None

18.

What is morphology of Mechanical fatigue a. Straight Un-branched cracks b. Branched cracks c. Blisters d. Clam shell type beach marks

19.

How the Fatigue cracking can be prevented best a. By Doing PWHT b. By Using correct metallurgy c. By using proper design d. While using marking stamps & tools prefer the high stress ones

20.

Usually atmospheric corrosion probability is very less a. at 0 Deg C b. at 100 Deg C c. above 121 Deg C d. Above 121 Deg C but under insulation which gives double protection

21. Out of the following which may not cause atmospheric corrosion a. Wet Rural environment b. Marine environment above 70 Deg C c. Bird Turds d. All e. None

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22. If you want to check for corrosion under CUI (With out removing the insulation) what NDT method is preferable a. RT b. UT c. ET d. IR 23. If you want to check the missing or damaged insulation what NDT is Preferred a. RT b. ET c. IR d. UT 24.

How to monitor boiler water condensate corrosion a. Water analysis b. Periodic calculation of U Factor c. Calculation of j factor & X factor d. All

25. Dealing with Boiler water condensate corrosion has got all of the following except a. Pro active inspection programme b. no proactive inspection programme c. oxygen scavenging treatment programme d. None 26. To find the thk in the FCC units where sulphur containing streams are encountered a. it is normal to use UT Thk Gage b. It is preferable to use UT Scanning devices c. It is usual to use pit gage d. All e. None

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27.

Sulphidation occurs at a. 500 Deg C b. 500 Deg F c. 100 Deg C d. Ambient temperature

28.

sThe way to resist sulphidation is a. Doing PWHT b. Increasing the chromium content c. Improvements in design d. All e. None

29. To find the corrosion rate due to sulphifation at a given temp for a given material one uses a. Psu nelson curve b. Mc-Conomy curve c. Wan Der-Wall Curve d. Mac- Peterson curve 30.

Choose correct option a. A sulphide scale on the surface increases the severity of sulphidation b. Copper based alloys form sulphide at higher tem than C.S c. In general 300 series gives poor resistance to sulphidation d. Sulphidation in general forms uniform thinning in the absence of high fluid velocities and contaminants

31. At 600 Deg F for 5 Cr and for sulphur content 1 % What will be the Corrosion rate ( Open Book) a. 1 mpy b. 10 mpy c. 3-4 mpy d. 7 to 10 mpy

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Southern Inspection Services 32.

Out of following which is the environmental assisted cracking a. Brittle fracture b. Thermal fatigue c. Sulphidation d. Chloride SCC

33.

Which of the following is not susceptible to chloride SCC a. SS 300 series b. Nickel alloys containing 20 % nickel c. SS 400 series d. All e. None

34.

Chloride SCC appear a. As Straight cracks without branches b. As the deep grooves c. As Branched cracks d. As a small & large voids

35. You have Chloride SCC on Aus SS . Which is the better NDT method to detect it a. PT b. MT c. RT d. ET 36.

To Prevent Chloride SCC a. Use materials with Nickel content more than 50 % b. Use low Chloride content water during Hydro testing c. Use C.S d. All e. None

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Southern Inspection Services 37.

Spider web like crack does not appear in appear in a. Chloride SCC b. Caustic embrittlement c. Corrosion fatigue d. none

38.

Choose uncorrect option a. Increasing caustic concentration & temperature & doing PWHT increase the severity of caustic embrittlement b. Caustic embrittlement can occur in BFW in Boiler tubes that alternate between wet & dry condition due to overfiring c. Usually caustic embrittlement propagates parallel to the weldment d. Nickel bade alloys are more resistant to the caustic embrittlement

39. For NaOH concentration of 20 % weight at 250 Deg F , which material is suitable ( Open Book) a. Carbon steek b. Carbon steel with PWHT c. Nickel alloys d. Chromium alloys e. All 40. For C.S below endurance limit Fatigue cracking is more probable for the cycles in the range of a. 104 b. 107 c. 1000 d. None 41.

HTHA ir more elaborately dealt in a. API 510 b. API 570 c. API RP 941 d. API 2015

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Southern Inspection Services 42.

HTHA can be confirmed by a. PT b. WFMT c. Metallographic analysis of the damaged areas d. UT

43.

In Early stage HTHA can be detected in sample by a. PT b. WFMT c. UT d. Scanning microscope

44.

HTHA can be dealt with a. By using alloys with high Mo & Chromium content b. By Doing the PWHT c. By increasing the Partial pressure d. All e. None

45. In order to deal with HTHA in situations having 100 bars of partial pressure of hydrogen for 600 Deg f, use Open Book) a. use 6 cr -0.5 Mo b. Use PWHT c. Use 1.25 Cr- 0.5 Mo d. Use nickel based alloys 46. Which damage mechanism will appear as the within pits in C.S or sub surface cavities in SS? a. LMB b. MIC c. Chloride SCC d. HIC

API 570 - DAY 2

cup shaped pits

Page 55

Southern Inspection Services 47. When you inspect a Vessel Made up of MOC Having thk 60 mm having MDMT --5 DEG C. When it was operated at - 10 Deg C, Straight Un- branched Cracks where found what May be they? a. Cold Thermal Fatigue b. HOT tears c. Brittle Fracture d. Stress Corrosion Crack 48. Cracks were found in the Coke drum Shell to have dagger shaped & Oxide filled. Surface Cracks What are they & Which NDT method is the best to inspect a. Cold Cracks, RT b. Thermal Fatigue, PT c. Thermal Fatigue MT d. HIC, UT 49. You are inspecting a small dia pipe near a Compressor. You find Beach like Marks Initiating from a Letter punched area in the form of Clam Shell Appearance. What it May be a. Circular Cracks b. Stress Ruptures c. Brittlememt d. Fatigue Cracks 50. When you are inspecting a piping & Equipment that handles Caustic removal unit You find cracks of spider Web Shape on the Steel Surface. What May be they. Which NDT method is suitable? a. Crater Cracks, VT b. IGSCC, UT c. Caustic Embrittlememt, WFMPT d. Hot BURST, PT

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51.

MIC can be controlled by a. maintaining water velocities above certain limit b. by using biocide c. try to keep the system clean & dry d. all e. None

52. The damage mechanism occurs in moisture environment in the presence of light & in the absence of light; In the presence of Oxygen & in the absence of oxygen; below the freezing point of water & above the Boiling point of water; Occurs in Acidic & alkaline environments Identify the damaging mechanism a. CUI b. Atmospheric corrosion c. Soil corrosion d. MIC 53. Which of the following Damage mechanism will have more branches a. HIC b. HTHA c. LME d. SCC 54.

What is the mechanism of MIC a. Microbes eat away the metal & make it weaker b. Excreta & Byproducts of Microbes c. Microbes produce oxygen which promotes corrosion d. All

55.

The Critical factors for the vibration induced Fatigue is a. Low temperature b. Wrong metallurgy c. Synchronization of the input load with the natural frequency of the component d. Temperature

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56.

Which is not the Correct option a. Vibration induced Fatigue depends on the Amplitude & Frequecny of the Vibration b. Vibration effects may be shifted when the vibration section is anchored c. It may cause CUI d. All e. none

57.

Flue gas is a. Methane b. Carbon Di oxide c. Sulphur Di Oxide in the combustion products d. All

58.

Choose correct option a. Typical due point of sulphuric acid is higher than that of Hydrochloric acid b. Typical due point of sulphuric acid is lower than that of Hydrochloric acid c. Severity of coorosion depends on thickness of the component d. None

59.

Soil corrosivity is usually measured by a. Soil Resistivity b. Soli temperature c. Soil Ph d. Type of soil

60.

Soil Coorosion is best managed by a. Coating b. Cathodic Protection c. The Use of Special Back fill d. a & b

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API 570 - DAY 2

Page 59

Southern Inspection Services Figure 5-35 – Recommended Pressure and H2 partial pressure limits per API 941. (Ref.1)

API 570 - DAY 2

Page 60

Southern Inspection Services Figure 4-85: Recommended operating limits for carbon steel in caustic service. (Ref.1)

Figure 4-65:

API 570 - DAY 2

Page 61

Southern Inspection Services Modified McConomy curves showing typical effect of temperature on high temperature sulfidation of steels and stainless steels. (Ref.3)

API 570 - DAY 2

Page 62

Southern Inspection Services API 571 FOR 570 EXAM

Q.NO

ANS

Reference

1

C

GK

2

C

4.2.14.5a

3

B

4.2.7.7

4

E

4.2.7.3

5

C

4.2 7.5

6

C

4.2.7.6 d 1

7

B

4.2.9.3.c

8

C

4.2.9.4.b

9

C

4.2.9.5.b

10

C

4.2.9.7 a

11

E

4.2.14.3 b & 14.4 d

12

C

4.2.14.6

13

C

4.2.14.7

14

C

Table 4.3

15

D

4.2 16.4.b iv

16

C

4.2 16.3 c

17

C

4.2.16.3 c

18

D

4.2 16.5

19

C

4.2.16.6

20

C

4.3.2.3 f

21

D

4.3.2.3

22

A

GK

23

C

4.2.3.7 g

24

A

4.3.5.7 a

25

B

4.3.5.7 b

26

B

4.4.2.7 c

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Southern Inspection Services 27

B

4.4.2.3 c

28

B

4.4.2.6 a

29

B

fig 4.65

30

D

4.4.2.3.g

31

C

Fig 4.65 & fig 4.66

32

D

4.5 & 4.5.1

33

C

4.5.1.3.l

34

C

4.5.1.4

35

D

4.5.1.7

36

D

4.5 1.6

37

C

fig 4.79

38

A

4.5 3,3 a,b &, 4.53.4 d & 4.5.3.5 a

39

C

( Open Book) fig 4.85

40

B

4.2 16.3 d II

41

C

5.1.3.1.3.d

42

C

5.1.3.1.5.a

43

D

5.1.3.1.5.c

44

A

5.1.3.1.6

45

C

use Open Book fig5.35

46

B

4.3.8.5 a & b

47

C

4.2.7.3 & 4.2.7.5

48

C

4.2.9.4 & 4.2.9.5

49

D

4.2.16.5a

50

C

4.5.3.5b & 4.5.3.7a

51

D

4.3.8.6

52

D

4.3.8.3

53

D

GK

54

B

GK

55

C

4.2.17.3

56

E

4.2.17.7G

API 570 - DAY 2

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Southern Inspection Services 57

C

4.3.7.1

58

A

4.3.7.3

59

A

4.3.9.3

60

D

4.3.9.6

API 570 - DAY 2

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Southern Inspection Services

577 for API EXAMS CLOSED BOOK (API RP-577) 1 What welding process is pictured?

a b c d

GTAW FCAW SMAW SAW

2 What welding process is pictured?

a b c d

GTAW FCAW SMAW GMAW

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Southern Inspection Services

3 What welding process is pictured?

a b c d

GTAW FCAW SAW GMAW

4 What welding process is pictured?

a b c d

GTAW FCAW SAW GMAW

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Southern Inspection Services 5 In the SMAW electrode identification system, a “1” in the third position would mean: a AC & DCEN b digging arc with deep penetration c all position electrode d both a and b e none of the above 6 The electrode coating does which of the following: a acts as a shielding b acts as a deoxidation agent c acts as an alloying and ionizing agent d all of the above 7 GMAW is characterized by a _________ a cut length electrode b flux core electrode c coated electrode d solid wire electrode which is fed continuously through a welding gun 8 Gasses for GMAW can be: a inert and reactive b argon or helium for some applications c inert, mixed with some type of reactive gas d all of the above 9 In the electrode identification for GMAW, what does the “S” stand for, in the electrode ER 70S-1? a Silicon b Spray arc c Solid wire d none of the above 10 When using GMAW, the type of metal transfer depends on: a shielding gas b current and voltage c power supply characteristics d all of the above e none of the above

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Southern Inspection Services 11 Spray transfer is considered to be ________. a the hottest GMAW welding type transfer b the least amount of heating to the base metal c the process with the highest deposition rate for the process d the process that is a program of exact combination of high and low currents 12 Globular transfer is considered to be ________. a the hottest GMAW welding type transfer b the least amount of heating to the base metal c the process with the highest deposition rate for the process d the process that is a program of exact combination of high and low currents 13 Pulsed arc transfer is considered to be ________. a the hottest GMAW welding type transfer b the least amount of heating to the base metal c the process with the highest deposition rate for the process d the process that is a program of exact combination of high and low currents 14 Short circuiting transfer is considered to be ________. a the hottest GMAW welding type transfer b the least amount of heating to the base metal c the process with the highest deposition rate for the process d the process that is a program of exact combination of high and low currents 15 GMAW is very sensitive to _________ which tends to leave the metal unprotected during welding. a wind or drafts which tend to blow the shielding gas away b ultraviolet light waves c arc lengths d all of the above e none of the above 16 The ________ process has an electrode that is not intended to be consumed during the welding operation. a SMAW b GMAW c FCAW d GTAW e none of the above

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Southern Inspection Services 17 GTAW can be performed using which of the following polarities? a DCEN b DCEP c AC d all of the above e none of the above 18 _______and __________ are the two most commonly used inert gasses for the GTAW process. a CO2 and oxygen b Argon and helium c Acetylene and oxygen d none of the above 19 One of the problems associated with GTAW is: a inability to tolerate contamination b it is a slow process c tungsten inclusions d all of the above e none of the above 20 The ___________ Process is characterized by the use of a continuously – fed solid wire electrode which provides an arc that is totally covered by a layer of granular flux. a SMAW b GMAW c FCAW d GTAW e none of the above 21 The biggest advantage of SAW is its __________. a portability b ability to weld out of position c high deposition rate d ability to produce almost no weld defects 22 A major problem when using the SAW process is _________. a high deposition rate b weld contour c solidification cracking d none of these

API 570 - DAY 2

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Southern Inspection Services 23 The “dictionary” for welding terms is the AWS document _________ a A 2.4 b D 1.1 c B 1.11 d A 3.0 24 A weld “joint” is defined as _____________. a any fillet weld b any place a weld can be performed c the junction of members or edges of members which are to be joined or have been joined d the area which is to be welded 25 A weld “groove face” is defined as _______________. a that surface of a member included in the groove b the bevels and landing of a weld joint c the bevels and adjacent base metal d Both b and c 26 Which of the following is not a type of weld joint? a butt joint b corner joint c lap joint d fillet weld 27 The surface of the weld on the side opposite from where the welding was done is called the ______________. a weld face b face reinforcement c root surface d root opening 28 The exposed surface of a weld on the side from which welding was done is called the _______________. a weld face b face reinforcement c root surface d root opening

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Southern Inspection Services 29 ___________ refers to the actual melting together of the filler metal and base metal, or the base metal only. a Fusion b Dilution zone c Penetration d Weld 30 ___________ is a term which relates to the distance that the weld metal has progressed into the joint. a Fusion b Dilution zone c Penetration d Weld 31 A weld _______is a single progression of welding along a joint. a layer b section c area d pass 32 A common practice to reduce distortion caused by welding is _____________. a backstep sequence b weld only on one side c preheat one side and weld from the other d all of the above 33 One of the most important parts of the welding inspector’s job is the actual evaluation of welds to determine___________. a their suitability for an intended service b appearance c rating d all of the above e none of the above 34 A ________is some feature which introduces an irregularity in an otherwise uniform structure. a defect b fault c discontinuity d none of the above

API 570 - DAY 2

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Southern Inspection Services 35 A ________is a feature which impairs the suitability of that structure for its intended purpose. a defect b fault c discontinuity d none of the above 36 Generally, _________ are considered to be the most critical discontinuity. a undercut b cracks c overlap d porosity 37 __________ is described as the condition where the weld is not completely fused either to the base metal or to adjacent weld passes. a Incomplete penetration b Incomplete fusion c Porosity d none of the above 38 _________ describes the situation where the weld metal has not completely progressed into the weld root to fuse with the existing root face. a Incomplete penetration b Incomplete fusion c Porosity d none of the above 39 __________are regions within the weld cross section or at the weld surface where the molten flux is mechanically trapped within the solidified metal. a Incomplete penetration b Incomplete fusion c Overlap d none of the above 40 _________is defined as a cavity type discontinuity formed by gas entrapment during solidification. a Crack b Lamination c Porosity d Undercut

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41 A discontinuity that appears as though the weld metal overflowed the joint and laying on the adjacent base metal surface is called ____________. a incomplete penetration b incomplete fusion c overlap d none of the above 42 Which of the following is true about laminations? a a base metal flaw b result from the presence of nonmetallic inclusions which occur in steel c were formed when the steel was produced d all of the above e none of the above 43 Recording on a data sheet of an indication that exceeds the reject flaw size criteria and needs to be corrected isa Recordable indication b Reportable indication c Notable indication d None of above 44 A sub –surface terrace and step-like crack with basic orientation parallel to the base metal surface caused by tensile stresses in thickness direction is called a Lamination b Plane-breaking crack c Lamellar tearing d Stress corrosion crack 45 Slag inclusion” is not found in welding performed by a SMAW b SAW c FCAW d GMAW 46 Most applicable method for sub-surface porosity is a UT b PT c ET

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Southern Inspection Services d RT 47 VT is most conveniently performed placing an eye a within 6” – 24” with angle less than 30° with the surface b within 6’’-24’’ with angle not less than 30° with surface c beyond 24’’ with angle less than 30° d beyond 24’’with angle not less than 30° 48 A clear radiography film has density of a 4 b 0 c 2 d INFINITY 49 In UT examination, a A- scan shows cross-sectional elevation view b B- scan shows cross-sectional elevation view c C-scan shows cross-sectional elevation view d None of above 50 Steels with CE greater than 0.55% typically require: a Preheating only b Pre-heating & PWHT c No pre- heating or PWHT d PWHT only 51 Q.A method to assure that PWHT was performed satisfactorily is a Hardness testing of weld & HAZ b Radiography of weld &HAZ c PT or MT of weld &HAZ d UT of weld & haz 52 Welding process that has very high metal deposition rate is a SMAW b GTAW c GMAW d SAW 53 For qualification of welding operator using RT, , it Requires --------length to be examined a 3 feet b 3 meter c 30 inch

API 570 - DAY 2

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Southern Inspection Services d 6 inch

API 570 - DAY 2

Page 76

Southern Inspection Services 54 RT can best detect a Lamination b Undercut c LOF Side wall d All e None 55 In order to avoid Hydrogen cracking in the weldment a use Pre Heat b Use PWHT c Use Low Hydrogen electrode d All e None 56 In UT Calibration , the temperature of the calibration standard should be within ---------- of the part to be examined a 10 deg F b 20 Deg F c 25 Deg F d All e None 57 Usually overlapping coverage should be minimum a 5% b 10% c 2.5 % d All e none 58 As per API 577, the pressure test should be held at least a 3 mts b 30 mts c 10 mts d All 59 As per API 577 HAZ for C.S includes those regions heated to more than a 500 Deg C b 300 Deg C c 700 Deg C d 1000 Deg C

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Southern Inspection Services 60 Choose correct option a Steels with CE less than 0.35 require no Pre Heat b Steel with CE of 0.35 to 0.55 requires pre heating c Steels with CE more than 0.55 requires both Preheat & PWHT d All e None 61 Aus SS contain ( as per API 577) a Low carbon b Chromium between 15 % to 32 % c Nickel 8 % to 37 % d All e None 62 Choose correct option a To most important consideration in welding Aus SS are solidification cracking, hot cracking, distortion and maintaining corrosion resistance b Solidification cracking exist in the fusion zone, while hot cracking exists in the partially melted zone c To prevent cracking minimum amount ferrite to be present is 5 % to 20 % d All e None 63 Hot Taping should be carried with a E 6010 b E 7010 c E 7018 d E 6011 64 In the case of Hot Taping carbon steel will burn in the presence of --------- and high heat a Hydrogen b Oxygen c Chlorine d Steam 65 Which is the most important part of the weld symbol a Head b Tail c Reference Line d Arrow

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Southern Inspection Services 66. Which process can create oxygen deficient atmosphere

a. b. c. d.

SMAW GMAW SAW All

67. For welding Aluminum , Magnesium etc you will use

a. b. c. d.

SMAW GTAW with DCEN GTAW with alternating current SAW

68. Which method of GMAW can produce spatter

a. b. c. d.

GMAW Spray transfer GMAW Globular transfer GMAW Short circuit transfer GMAW pulsed arc

69. What is disadvantage of FCAW

a. b. c. d. e.

More susceptible to wind & Drafts Backing material is required for root pass welding Low deposition rates all one

70. Choose correct option

a. b. c. d.

One PQR may support several WPS one WPS may be qualified by more than one PQR both none

71. Any electrode has become wet So

a. b. c. d.

It can be reused as it is It has to be baked in the oven to 200 Deg f & can be reused It has to be discarded It can be reused with aPI inspector’s permission

72. RT is not allowed in Welder qualification of

a. b. c. d.

SMAW GTAW GMAW- S all

API 570 - DAY 2

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Southern Inspection Services 73. In film interpretation

a. b. c. d.

use of Magnifying device is not allowed low power ( 1.5 X to 3 X) Magnifying devices can be used Only high power Lense is allowed Only high intensity light is needed

74. A film density of 3 allows

a. b. c. d.

1% of the incident light .1 % of the incident light 0.01 % of the incident light all

75. In applications where the quality of the final product is important for safety & reliability

a. One API approved radiographer should evaluate & pass judgement b. More than one qualified interpreter should evaluate & pass judgement c. X ray quality Radiographs should be used d. Radiograph should be free of indications 76. Manufacturer will supply the MTR

a. b. c. d.

mandatorily to the purchaser after the suitable payment Only when purchaser require it Only when the API code insist on

77. In Hot tapping Low Hydrogen electrodes

a. b. c. d. e.

Reduces the risk of HAC in the root pass Reduces the risk of Burnthrough Improve safety All None

78. Service Hazard Hot tapping with H2S is

a. b. c. d.

Explosion Pyrophoric scale Burning Combustion

API 570 - DAY 2

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API 570- EXAM 9-EXTRA CLOSED BOOK (API RP-577)

API 570 - DAY 2

Q.NO

ANS

REFERENCE

1

C

Fig 2 API 577

2

D

Fig 6

3

A

Fig 4

4

C

Fig 10

5

C

fig A6

6

D

5.2.1

7

D

5.4.

8

D

GK

9

C

FIG A7

10

D

5.4

11

A

5.4.3

12

C

5.4.2

13

D

5.4.3

14

B

5.4.1

15

A

5.4.5 B

16

D

5.3

17

D

5.3

18

B

GK

19

D

5.3.2

20

E

5.6

21

C

5.6.1

22

C

GK

23

D

2.1

24

C

3.68

25

A

FIG A5

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Southern Inspection Services

API 570 - DAY 2

26

D

FIG A1

27

C

A5

28

A

A5

29

A

3.36

30

C

3.30

31

D

GK

32

A

GK

33

A

GK

34

C

3.19

35

A

3.16

36

B

GK

37

B

3.29

38

A

3.30

39

D

3.54

40

C

3.47

41

C

3.42

42

D

3.38 & GK

43

B

GK

44

C

3.37

45

D

5.4.4C

46

D

GK

47

B

9.3.1

48

B

9.8, 9.3 & GK

49

B

9.9

50

B

10.9.1 LAST PARA

51

A

GK

52

D

53

A

54

E

5.6.1 8.2 4TH PARA 4TH LINE GK

Page 82

Southern Inspection Services

API 570 - DAY 2

55

D

GK

56

D

9.9.1

57

B

9.9.3

58

B

9.11

59

C

10.2.3

60

D

10.9.1 LAST PARA

61

D

10.10.1

62

D

10.10.1 2ND PAGE

63

C

11.2.1

64

C

TABLE 13

65

C

GK

66

B

4.7

67

C

5.3

68

B

5.4.2

69

B

5.5.1 & 5.5.2

70

C

6.3

71

C

7.7

72

C

8.1

73

B

8.9.1

74

B

9.8.9.3

75

B

9.8.9.5

76

C

10.8 Last Para

77

D

11.2.1

78

B

Table 13

Page 83