APELACION DE SENTENCIA Procesal Civil

 

M[S.< 3333?-032=-3-0332-LP-IB-30 M_SMOGBIG_ZB< L]BD R]G_SM R]G_SM M_OPGZF< 3?-032= _]EGIIB< Pmoursf jm Bpmibogÿd jm _mdtmdogb

_MÒF _M ÒFP P L] L]M\ M\ JM JMI I _M _MH] H]DJ DJF F L] L]\H \HBJ BJF F JM ZP ZPB@ B@BL BLF F ZP ZPBD_ BD_GZ GZFP FPGF GF JM JMI I O]_OF G_B@MI G_B @MI EBJ EBJPGJ PGJ @MD @MDBQM BQMDZM DZM H]Z H]ZGMP GMPPM\ PM\  ofd JDG< :?;3??0=, ofd jfegogigf imhbi md Ifs Pfsbims D¼ =33 ‟ _bdtb Bdb, Bdb, Ousof Ousof y ofd obsgiib obsgiib Mimotrÿ Mimotrÿdg dgob ob 0?0= 0?0=,, md mi prfo prfoms msf f ofdt ofdtmd mdog ogfs fsf f bj bjeg egdg dgst strb rbtg tgvf vf smhugjf smhu gjf md ofdtrb ofdtrb jm ib ib JGPMOOGßD PMHGFDBI JM rmprmsm rmsmd dtb tbj jf pfr su MJ]OB MJ ]OBOGß OGßD D JM JMI I O] O]_O _OF F> rmp Jgrmo Jgrmotfr tfr,, ofd ogtbo ogtbogÿ gÿd d jmi SPFO]PBJFP SÜ@IGOF JMI HF@GMPDF PMHGFDBI O]_OF, b ]j., rmspmtufsbemdtm, rmspmtufsbem dtm, jghf< Mi Brtåouif ?=, duemrbi 0.2 jmi Z]F jm ib Imy 08=;: mstb`imom qum ’Md mi prfomsf ofdtmdogf ofdtm dogfsf sf bjegdgstr bjegdgstrbtgvf btgvf prfomjmd prfomjmd ifs sghugmd sghugmdtms tms rmoursfs< rmoursfs< (…) 0. Mi rmoursf rmoursf jm bp bpmib mibogÿ ogÿd d ofdtrb ofdtrb ibs sghugm sghugmdtm dtms s rmsfiu rmsfiuogf ogfdms dms b ib amo mokb kb y jm ebdmr bdmrbb ge gepm pmrb rbtg tgvb vb DF S] S]M MJM BSBPZB ZBP_ P_M M JM IF IF_ _ OP OPGZ GZMP MPGF GF_ _ M_ZB@IMOGJF_ OFD DBZ]PBIM\B JM SPMOMJMD SPMOMJMDZM ZM QGDO]IBDZM QGDO]IBDZM>> mdtfdoms, ms mvgjmdtm qum ib prmtmdsgÿd jm ib pbrtm jmebdjbdtm sf`rm dgvmibr sus pmdsgfdms ofd mi gdormemdtf ftfrh ftfrhbjf pmrsf pmrsfdbi dbiorçjgtfs md botgv botgvgjbj, gjbj, rmsuitbm gdtmrmsms gdaudjbjbimhbims bi ghubi qum sus prmtmdsg prmtmdsgfdms fdms boomsfr boomsfrgbs gbs < (….) ofefbjf sfd bi mi pbhf jm jmvmdhbjfs _f`rm ib dbturbimzb luråjgob jm ib Bsghdbogÿd Mspmogbi pfr Ib`fr Smjbhÿhgob Mamotgvb pfr ib`fr pmjbhÿhgob mamotgvb bsomdjmdtm b ib sueb jm ogmd y 33/233 Dumvfs _fims sm ftfrhÿ pfr Jmormtf _uprmef D³ 31=-033?-MA md ifs emsms jm ebyf y ludgf jm 033?, pfr brtåouif 2³ jmi Jmormtf _uprmef D³ 378-033?-MA tbi bsghdbogÿd sm mxtmdjgÿ bi pmrgfjf jm luigf b jgogme`rm jm 033?, pfr Jmormtf _uprmef D³ 32:-033:-MA sm im jgf ofdtgdugjbj b pbrtgr jm mdmrf jm 033:> md vgrtuj b if jgspumstf md mi brtåouif 2³ jmi Jmormtf _uprmef D³ 3=1-033:-MA ib bsghdbogÿd sm gdormemdtÿ md ogmdtf qugdom y 33/233 Dumvfs _fims md jfs trbefs< smtmdtb y 33/233 Dumvfs _fims b pbrtgr jm ebyf y oubrmdtb y ogdof y 33/233 Dumvfs _fims bjgogfdbims b pbrtgr jm bhfstf jm 033:. Ofdaf Of dafrem rem b if prmsorg prmsorgtf tf md mi brtåou brtåouif if 2³ jmi Jmormt Jmormtf f _uprme _uprmef f D³ 3=3-03 3=3-033= 3= ib  Bsghdbogÿd  Bsghdbogÿ d Mspmogbi pfr Ib`fr Smjbhÿhgob Smjbhÿhgob Mamotgvb sm gdormemdtÿ smhüd ib ofdjgogÿd jmi jfomdtm y md jfs trbefs b pbrtgr jm ebyf y smptgme`rm jm 033=> pfr Jmormtf

 

_uprmef D³ 3;2-0331-MA ib Bsghdbogÿd Mspmogbi jm obrâotmr emdsubi sm gdormemdtÿ md jfs trbefs b pbrtgr jm ebyf y smptgme`rm jm 0331. ]db bsghdbogÿd f `mdmagogf f oubiqugmr ofdomptf ftfrhbjf jmdtrf jmi âe`gtf jm udb rmibogÿd ib`frbi tgmdm obrâotmr rmeudmrbtgvf oubdjf ouepim ifs sghugmdtms rmqugsgtfs< b) Zmdhb ofef obusb ib prmstbogÿd jmi smrvgogf su`frjgdbjf, `) _mb pmrebdmdtm md mi tgmepf, y o) _mb jm ig`rm jgspfdg`gigj jgspfdg`gigjbj. bj. 0.- ofd rmibogÿd bi Pçhgemd pmdsgfdbrgf jmi Jmormtf Imy D³ 03=?3  Bjmeâs jm ifs rmhåemdms jmi pmrsfdbi egigtbr y pfigogbi jm ib Aumrzb Brebjb y Aumrzb Aum rzbs s Sfigog Sfigogbim bims s y ib Oblb Oblb jm @md @mdmag magogf ogfs s jm jmii Smsob Smsobjfr jfr,, mxgstm mxgstmd d trms trms rmhåem rmhåemdms dms prmvgsgfdbims, b sb`mr mi sgstmeb dbogfdbi jm pmdsgfdms (Jmormtf Imy D³ 27773), mi rçhgemd jm ib oçjuib vgvb (Jmormtf Imy D³ 03=?3) y mi sgstmeb prgvbjf jm pmdsgfdms (Jmormtf Imy D³ 0=;78). Jbrwgd M. Kgjbihf _bibs md su mdsbyf ’Kmokfs ouepigjfs vs. Jmrmokfs bjqugrgjfs< bjqugrgjfs< Biobdoms jm ib rmafreb ofdstgtuogfdbi b prfpÿsgtf jmi jmormtf imy 03=?3―, bagreb qum< ’Md mi rçhgemd jmi Jmormtf Imy D³ 03=?3 df sm ofdsgjmrÿ mi mimemdtf jm ib mjbj eådgeb pbrb boomjmr b ib pmdsgÿd y pfr if jmeâs sm aglÿ md sÿif 2= bòfs pbrb ifs kfe`rms y 20,= pbrb ibs eulmrms mi pmrgfjf jm bpfrtms pbrb mi smhurf prmvgsgfdbi> prmvgsgfdb i> aglbdjf mi efdtf jm ib pmdsgÿd, df md ud oâiouif mofdÿegof rmbi, sgdf md ib emrb em rb vfiud vfiudtbj tbj qu qum m mstb`i mstb`imoå moåb b su vbifr vbifr md mqugvb mqugvbim imdog dogb b b ib rmeud rmeudmrb mrbogÿ ogÿd d jm ud trb`blbjfrr md botgvgjbj…― trb`blbjf Mstb mqugvbimdogb sm pibseÿ ofd ebyfr çdabsgs md ib Imy D³ 0?:7=, bkfrb jmrfhbjb, qu qum m md msmdog msmdogb b mstb` mstb`imo imoåb åb qum ib dgvmi dgvmibog bogÿd ÿd prf prfhrm hrmsgv sgvb b jm ibs pm pmdsg dsgfdm fdms s jm ifs omsbdtms ofd eâs jm 03 bòfs jm smrvgogfs y jm ifs lu`gibjfs jm ib Bjegdgstrbogÿd Sü`igob df sfemtgjfs bi rçhgemd jmi _mhurf _fogbi f b ftrfs rmhåemdms mspmogbims, mspmogbims, sm mamotubrâ ofd ifs kb`mrms jm ifs smrvgjfrms pü`igofs md botgvgjbj jm ibs rmspmotgvbs obtmhfråbs> ms jmogr, ib dgvmibogÿd sÿif mrb pfsg`im pbrb ifs pmdsgfdgstb jmi rçhgemd jmi Jmormtf Imy D³ 03=?3 qum, ofdvgmdm rmofrjbr, dbogÿ ofef ud rçhgemd omrrbjf pmrf qum mi Sfjmr Imhgsibtgvf bepigÿ md su âe`gtf jm bpigobogÿd pbrb gdofrpfrbr b ogmrtfs smotfrms b trbvçs jm ibs Imyms D³ 0??07, 0:?11, 0=311, 0=2:1, 0=020, 0=027 md ibs qum, b jmogr jmi butfr ogtbjf, df sm rmspmtÿ mi prgdogpgf jm hmdmrbigjbj jm ibs imyms> ms jmogr qum ibs imyms sm megtmd pfr rbzÿd jm ibs ofsbs y df jm ibs pmrsfdbs. ?.- Gjmdtgagobogÿd jm ifs biobdoms jm ib rmafreb ofdstgtuogfdbi ofdstgtuogfdbi Ib Imy D³ 0;?;7 ‟ Imy jm Pmafreb jm ifs brtåouifs 22³, 23?³ y Srgemrb Jgspfsgogÿd Agdbi Agd bi y Zrbdsg Zrbdsgtfr tfrgb gb jm ib Ofdst Ofdstgtu gtuogÿ ogÿd d Sfiåtg Sfiåtgob ob jmi Smrü Smrü sgmdtb sgmdtb ibs `bsms `bsms pb pbrb rb ib mxpmjgogÿd jm dumvbs rmhibs pmdsgfdbrgbs b obrhf jmi Mstbjf. Sbrb mi prfpÿsgtf jmi prmsmdtm prfomsf, rmvgstm gepfrtbdogb gepfrtbdogb bdbigzbr ibs gepigobdogbs jm ib sustgtuogÿd jmi brtåouif 23?³ jm ib Ofdstgtuogÿd Sfiåtgob jmi Smrü qum rmofhm ib Zmfråb jm ifs Kmokfs Ouepigjfs rmspmotf b ib bpigobogÿd jm ib dfrebs md mi tgmepf, y ib sustgtuogÿd jm ib Srgemrb Jgspfsgogÿd Agdbi y Zrbdsgtfrgb jm ib Ofdstgtuogÿd pfr mi oubi sm jmoibrb omrrbjf jmagdgtgvbemdtm mi rçhgemd pmdsgfdbrgf jmi Jmormtf Imy D³ 03=?3 y mstb`imom qum md ibs dumvbs rmhibs pmdsgfdbrgbs df sm pfjrâ prmvmr ib dgvmibogÿd jm ibs pmdsgfdms ofd ibs rmeudmrbogfdms. _çptgef. Mi prf`imeb jm ib bpigobogÿd jm ibs dfrebs md mi tgmepf Md prgdogpgf, ofdvgmdm rmofrjbr qum bdtm mi prf`imeb jm bpigobogÿd jm ibs dfrebs hmdmrbims md mi tgmepf sm mrghmd jfs tmfråbs qum prmtmdjmd sfiuogfdbrif> ib jm ifs jmrmokfs bjqugrgjfs y ib jm ifs kmokfs ouepigjfs.

 

Ib Zmfråb jm ifs Jmrmokfs Bjqugrgjfs sfstgmdm qum udb vmz qum ud jmrmokf kb dbogjf y sm kb mstb`imogjf md ib msamrb jm ud sulmtf, ibs dfrebs pfstmrgfrms qum sm jgotmd df pu pumjm mjmd d bamotb bamotbrif rif>> md ofdsmo ofdsmoum umdog dogb, b, mi jmrmok jmrmokf f smhugr smhugrâ â prfju prfjuogm ogmdjf djf ifs ifs mamotf mamotfs s prmvgstfs bi efemdtf jm su ofdstgtuogÿd yb smb pfr ud botf luråjgof f pfr ib imhgsibogÿd vghmdtm bi efemdtf qum tbi jmrmokf qumjÿ mstb`imogjf. Mstb tmfråb prfjuom ofef mamotf ib bpigobogÿd uitrbotgvb jm ibs dfrebs prmvgbs, yb efjgagobjbs f jmrfhbjbs, eâs biiâ jmi efemdtf md qum tbi efjgagobogÿd f jmrfhbogÿd fourrgÿ. Ib Zmfråb jm ifs Kmokfs Ouepigjfs sfstgmdm qum objb dfreb luråjgob jm`m bpigobrsm b ifs kmokfs qum fourrbd jurbdtm su vghmdogb, ms jmogr, `blf su bpigobogÿd gdemjgbtb> md ofdsmoumdogb, ofdsmoumd ogb, sg sm hmdmrb ud jmrmokf `blf udb prgemrb imy y iumhf jm prfjuogr ogmrtf düemrf jm mamotfs msb imy ms efjgagobjb pfr udb smhudjb, b pbrtgr jm ib vghmdogb jm mstb dumvb imy, ifs dumvfs mamotfs jmi jmrmokf sm jm`md bjmoubr b çstb y yb df smr  rmhgjfs eâs pfr ib dfreb bdtmrgfr `blf ouyb vghmdogb aum mstb`imogjf mi jmrmokf jm qu qum m sm trbtm> trbtm> mstb mstb tmf tmfråb råb prg prgvgi vgimhg mhgb b ib trbds trbdsafr afrebo ebogÿd gÿd jmi Jmrmo Jmrmokf kf b gepuis gepuisf f jm jmii imhgsibjfr y prftmhm ib dmomsgjbj jm gddfvbr ib dfrebtgvgjbj ib dfrebtgvgjbj sfogbi b pbrtgr jm ibs dfrebs jm obrâotmr hmdmrbi. Mstb tmfråb prmtmdjm bpigobr sgmeprm jm ebdmrb gdemjgbtb ibs dfrebs hmdmrbims. Jm ifs audjbemdtfs bdtms mxpumstfs sm pumjm bjvmrtgr qum mi bquf jm ib obusb df kb rmbigzbjf udb ofrrmotb gdtmrprmtbogÿd jm ib dfreb. :.- Pmspm Pmspmotf otf bi rçhgem rçhgemd d jmi Jmorm Jmormtf tf Imy D³ 03=?3 03=?3,, ms pmrtgd pmrtgdmd mdtm tm rmprfj rmprfjuog uogrr mi audjbemdtf 208 jm ib _mdtmdogb jmi Zrg`udbi Ofdstgtuogfdbi megtgjb md mi Mxpmjgmdtm D³ 3=3-033:-BG-ZO< 3=3-033:-BG-ZO< 20 208. 8. Mi obsf obsf jm ifs trb`b trb`blbj lbjfrm frms s qu qum m bdtms bdtms jm ib rmafr rmafreb eb kb`åbd ouepigjf rmqugsgtfs rmqugsgtfs pbrb f`tmdmr udb pmdsgÿd jmdtrf jmi rçhgemd jmi Jmormtf Imy D¼ 03=?3 Oubdjf udb pmrsfdb ouepim ofd ifs rmqugsgtfs imhbims pbrb f` f`tm tmdm dmrr udb udb pmds pmdsgÿ gÿd d jmdt jmdtrf rf jm ud jmtm jmtmre regd gdbj bjf f rçhg rçhgem emd d pm pmds dsgf gfdb dbrg rgf, f, y su gdof gdofrp rpfr frbo bogÿ gÿd d b jgok jgokf f rçhg rçhgem emd d qumj qumjb b ofdsuebj ofds uebjb, b, rmsuitbrå rmsuitbråb b ebdgagmst ebdgagmstbemd bemdtm tm gdofdstg gdofdstgtuogf tuogfdbi dbi pfr  vuidmrbr mi prgdogpgf jm grrmtrfbotgvgjbj jm ib imy, prmvgstf md mi brtåouif 23? jm ib Ofdstgtuogÿd, y ib hbrbdtåb gdstgtuogfdbi jm ib smhurg hurgj jbj sfo foggbi, bi, rmof rmofd dfo foggjb md mi brtå tåou ouiif 23 jm ib Ofdstgtuogÿd, qum md jgokf supumstf, udb imy auturb prmtmdjb gepfdmrim su jmsgdofrpfrbogÿd. Mi brtåou åouif 0 jm ib Imy D¼ 0;::7 df gdourrm md tb tbii gdofdstgtuogfdbigjbj, pums ms oibrf md smòbibr qum ’(...) sm ofdsgjmrbd gdofrpfrbjfs md mi rçhgemd rmhuibjf pfr  mi Jmormtf Imy D¼ 03=?3< 2. Ifs pmdsgfdgstbs jm omsbdtåb m gdvbigjmz qum ouepigmrfd ofd tfjfs ifs rmqugsgtfs mstb`imogjfs mstb`imogjfs md ibs dfrebs vghmdtms md mi efemdtf jm ib hmdmrbogÿd jmi jmrmokf ofrrmspfdjgmdtm. 0. Ifs trb`blbjfrms sulmtfs bi rçhgemd jmi Jmormtf Imy D¼ 03=?3 qum, b ib amokb jm mdtrbjb md vghmdogb jm ib efjgagobogÿd jm ib Srgemrb Jgspfsgogÿd Agdbi y Zrbdsgtfrgb jm ib Ofdstgtuogÿd, kb kb`åb `åbd d oue ouepig pigjf jf ofd tfjfs tfjfs ifs rmqugs rmqugsgtf gtfs s pbrb pbrb f`tmdm f`tmdmrr ib pmdsgÿd ofrrmspfdjgmdtm.

 

?. Ifs botubims `mdmagogbrg `mdmagogbrgfs fs jm pmdsgfdm pmdsgfdms s jm sf`rmvgvgmdtms sf`rmvgvgmdtms qum ouepigmrfd ofd tfjfs ifs rmqugsgtfs mstb`imogjfs md ibs dfrebs vghmdtms md mi efemdtf jmi abiimogegmdtf jmi obusbdtm. :. Ifs auturfs sf`rmvgvgmdtms jm pmdsgfdgstbs jm omsbdtåb m gdvbigjmz f jm trb`blbjfrms botgvfs b qum sm rmagmrm mi duemrbi 0 jmi prmsmdtm brtåouif, ofeprmdjgjfs y rmhuibjfs md mi Obpåtuif GGG jmi Zåtuif GG jmi Jmormtf Imy D¼ 03=?3―. Ms jmogr, md tfjfs ifs obsfs, pbrb jmtmregdbr qugçdms jm`md rmog`gr udb pmdsgÿd jmi rçhgem rçh gemd d jmi Jmormtf Jmormtf Imy D¼ 03 03=?3 =?3,, sm tfebd tfebd md oumdtb oumdtb ibs ibs df dfreb rebs s vghmdt vghmdtms ms bi efemdtf jm ib f`tmdogÿd jmi jmrmokf, y df bqumiibs dfrebs qum ku`gmsmd mdtrbjf md vghmdogb ofd pfstmrgfrgjbj. Sbrb ofeprmdjmr mstm audjbemdtf, ms gepfrtbdtm smòbibr qum büd sghum vghmdtm mi Jmormtf Imy D³ 03=?3> sgmdjf bså, qugmd ouepim ifs rmqugsgtfs imhbims pbrb f`tmdmr  udb pmdsgÿd jmdtrf jm tbi rçhgemd rçhgemd pmdsgfd pmdsgfdbrgf brgf kb`gmdj kb`gmdjf f qumjbjf qumjbjf ofdsuebj ofdsuebjb b su gd gdofr ofrpfr pfrbog bogÿd ÿd bi egsef egsef,, df pu pumjm mjm smr jm jmsgd sgdofr ofrpfr pfrbjf bjf pfr udb imy imy auturb auturb.. Mstb Mstb ofdoiusgÿd sm rmaumrzb md mi audjbemdtf 20; jm ib prmogtbjb smdtmdogb< 20 20;. ;. Ib f`tmdo f`tmdogÿ gÿd d jm ud udb b pmdsgÿ pmdsgÿd d jm ud jm jmtmr tmregd egdbj bjf f rçhgem rçhgemd d prmvgs prmvgsgfd gfdbi bi ofef ofef oumstgÿd jm gurm y df jm abotf Ms pmrtgdmdtm rmofrjbr qum ib f`tmdogÿd jm udb pmdsgÿd jmi rçhgemd jmi Jmormtf Imy D¼ 03=?3 ms udb oumstgÿd jm gurm y df jm abotf. Ms jmogr, jm`md mdtmdjmrsm gdofrpfrbjfs md mi rçhgemd jmi Jmormtf Imy D¼ 03=?3 b tfjfs tfjf s ifs trb`blbjfrm trb`blbjfrms, s, pmdsgfd pmdsgfdgstbs gstbs y sf`rmvgv sf`rmvgvgmd gmdtms tms qum bdtms jm ib mdtrbjb md vghmdogb jm ib rmafreb ofdstgtuogfdbi, ku`gmsmd ouepigjf ofd ifs rmqugsgtfs imhbims pb pbrb rb f` f`tmd tmdmr mr udb pmdsgÿ pmdsgÿd d md jgokf jgokf rçhge rçhgemd, md, bu bud d md ifs supumst supumstfs fs md ifs qum br`gtrbrgbemdtm ib Bjegdgstrbogÿd sm ku`gmsm dmhbjf b ftfrhbrif f pfstmrgfremdtm if ku`gmsm jmsofdfogjf. (Pmsbitbjf bhrmhbjf). If mxpumstf pmregtm bagrebr qum dgdhudb imy auturb pumjm jmsofdfomr mi rçhgemd prmvgsgfdbi jmdtrf jmi oubi mstâ gdofrpfrbjb udb pmrsfdb. Jmdtrf jm tbi ofdtmxtf, mi brtåouif 0³ jm ib Imy D³ 0;::7 ‟ Imy qum mstb`imom ibs dumvbs rmhibs jmi rçhgemd jm pmdsgfdms jmi Jmormtf Imy D¼ 03=?3 df ms gdofdstgtuogfdbi> ms jmogr, ms ofdstgtuogfdbi mi rm rmof ofdf dfog ogeg egmd mdtf tf jm qum qum tbi tbi rç rçhg hgem emd d ms om omrr rrbj bjf, f, qum qum df bjeg bjegtm tm dumv dumvbs bs gdofrpfrbogfdms gdofrpfrbog fdms dg rmgdofrpfrbogfdms, rmgdofrpfrbogfdms, jm ofdafregjbj ofd ib Srgemrb Jgspfsgogÿ Jgspfsgogÿd d Agdbi y Zrbdsgtfrgb jm ib Ofdstgtuogÿd Sfiåtgob jmi Smrü> qumpb rmofrjbr qum md ib smdtmdogb md ofemdtf ofemdtf mi Zrg`udbi Zrg`udbi Ofd Ofdstgtu stgtuogfd ogfdbi bi jmoibrÿ jmoibrÿ ib gdofdstg gdofdstgtuogf tuogfdbig dbigjbj jbj jm bihudfs bihudfs ofdmotfrms y pârrbafs jm brtåouifs jmi Jmormtf Imy D³ 03=?3 rmbigzbjfs smhüd mi brtåouif 8³ jm ib Imy D³ 0;::7, pmrf df jm su brtåouif 0³. 0³. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------=. Pmspmotf b ib migegdbogÿd jm ib dgvmibogÿd jm pmdsgfdms. Md mi brtåouif :³ jm ib Imy D³ 0;::7 sm jgspusf ib prfkg`gogÿd jm dgvmibr ibs pmdsgfdms ofd ibs rmeudm rmeudmrbo rbogf gfdms dms y ofd oubiqu oubiqugm gmrr gdhrm gdhrmsf sf prmvgs prmvgstf tf pbrb pbrb ifs ifs mepi mepimbj mbjfs fs f audogfdbrgfs pü`igofs md botgvgjbj. Ib Imy md ofemdtÿ mdtrÿ md vghmdogb mi ?2 jm jgogme`rm jm 033: y b pbrtgr jmi 2 jm mdmrf jm 033= mdtrÿ md vghmdogb su Zmromrb Jgspfsgogÿd Agdbi pfr ib oubi sm jmrfhÿ, mdtrm ftrbs dfrebs, ib Imy D³ 0?:7=, mi brtåouif =7¼ jm ib Imy D¼ 0:307 sbivf ibs hrbtgagobogfdms, bså ofef tfjbs ibs dfrebs qum sm fpfdhbd.

 

Ms prmogsf gdjgobr qum ib Srgemrb Jgspfsgogÿd Agdbi y Zrbdsgtfrgb jm ib Ofdstgtuogÿd, rmafrebjb pfr Imy D³ 0;?;7, bjmeâs jm jmoibrbr jmagdgtgvbemdtm omrrbjf mi rçhgemd pmdsgfdbrgf jmi Jmormtf Imy D³ 03=?3, mstb`imom qum ibs dumvbs rmhibs pmdsgfdbrgbs sm bpigobd jm gdemjgbtf b ifs trb`blbjfrms y pmdsgfdgstbs b obrhf jmi Mstbjf, y qum df sm pfjrâ prmvmr md miibs ib dgvmibogÿd jm ibs pmdsgfdms ofd ibs rmeudmrbogfdms. 1. Ofef yb sm kb jmefstrbjf bdtms, ib Bsghdbogÿd Mspmogbi pfr Ib`fr Smjbhÿhgob Mamotgvb tgmdm obrâotmr rmeudmrbtgvf y sg `gmd ifs jmormtfs suprmefs qum if ftfrhbrfd, buemdtbrfd md su efdtf y jgspusgmrfd su ftfrhbegmdtf emdsubi kbd mstb`imogjf qum sÿif biobdzb bi pmrsfdbi jfomdtm y jgrmotfrms md botgvgjbj, df ms emdfs ogmrtf qum tbims jmormtfs, pfr bpigobogÿd jmi prgdogpgf jm lmrbrquåb dfrebtgvb rmofdfogjf md mi br brtåou tåouif if =2³ jm ib Ofdst Ofdstgtu gtuogÿ ogÿd, d, df pu pumjm mjmd d of ofdtr dtrbvm bvmdgr dgr dg jm jmlbr lbr sgd mamotf mamotf if qu qum m mstb`imoåb ib Imy D³ 0?:7=> pfr tbi rbzÿd, ifs jfomdtms y jgrmotfrms qum ouepiåbd ofd ibs mxghmdogbs jm mstb imy, kbd tmdgjf jmrmokf b pmrog`gr jgokb bsghdbogÿd qum bjqugrgÿ obrâotmr rmeudmrbtgvf. rmeudmrbtgvf.  B pbrtgr jm if bdtmrgfr, bpigobdjf ib tmfråb jm kmokfs ouepigjfs ouepigjfs bi obsf ofdormtf, tmdmefs qum ib Imy D³ 0?:7= bså ofef mi brtåouif =7¼ jm ib Imy D¼ 0:307 y ib dfrebs qum sm fpfdhbd b ibs dumvbs rmhibs pmdsgfdbrgb kbd qumjbjf jmrfhbjb pfr ib Zmromrb Jgspfsgogÿd Agdbi jm ib Imy D³ 0;::7 pu`igobjb mi ?3 jm mdmrf jm 033: y vghmdtm jmsjm mi 2 jm mdmrf jm 033=> md mstm frjmd jm gjmbs, ib dgvmibogÿd jm pmdsgfdms pmregtgjb pfr ib imy jmrfhbjb qumjÿ sgd mamotf bihudf, pfr bpigobogÿd gdemjgbtb jm ib imy jmsjm ib vghmdogb jm rmtrfbotgvf ib imy jmrfhbtfrgb> pmrf, qum mstb dfreb df tgmdm obrâotmr md vgrtuj b if tmdgmdjf jgspumstfmdmdoumdtb mi brtåouif 23?³dumvb jm ib Ofdstgtuogÿd, df pumjmd mxtmdjmrsm sus mamotfs bi pmrgfjf md qum mstuvf vghmdtm ib imy bdtmrgfr> sgmdjf bså, ib dgvmibogÿd jm pmdsgfdms jgspumstb md ib Imy D³ 0?:7= ms bpigob`im b qugmdms ouepiåbd sus rmqugsgtfs sÿif kbstb mi ?2 jm jgogme`rm jm 033: sgd qum qumpb uitrbotgvgjbj imhbi bihudb. Jgokf if bdtmrgfr, b ib jmebdjbdtm im ofrrmspfdjm mi rmgdtmhrf jm su pmdsgÿd jm omsbdtåb dgvmiâdjfib ofd ib bsghdbogÿd y md ifs efdtfs prmvgstfs md ifs Jmormtfs _uprmefs D³ 31=-033?-MA y 3=1-033:-MA jurbdtm mi pmrgfjf md qum tbims dfrebs mdtrbrfd md vghmdogb kbstb mi ?2 jm jgogme`rm jm 033:, eâs ifs gdtmrmsms imhbims qum ofrrmspfdjmd. 7.- Sfr ftrf ibjf, ms gepfrtbdtm gdjgobr qum ibs Pmsfiuogfdms b ibs qum kbom emdogÿd mi Lumz jm Srgemrb Gdstbdogb sm jbd md eçrgtf b (…) 23.- Ofdafrem b mstb dfreb b pbrtgr jm (…). 22.- Ofdafrem b mstf prfomjm sm jmoibrm audjbjf mi prmsmdtm rmoursf jm bpmibogÿd y sm rmvfqum md ib pbrtm gdjgobjb ib smdtmdogb jmoibrâdjfsm audjbjb ib jmebdjb md tfjfs sus mxtrmefs.

GQ.0.- A]DJBEMDZF_ IMHBI   

Pçhgemd pmdsgfdbrgf jmi Jmormtf Imy D³ 03=?3. Jmormtfs _uprmefs D³ 31=-033?-MA y 3=1-033:-MA Jmormtf _uprmef D³ 378-033?

GQ.?.- BHPBQGF_ Mi bhrbvgf ms mofdÿegof pfr oubdtf ib jmoibrbogÿd jm gdaudjbjb jm eg jmebdjb eftgvb mi df rmofdfogegmdtf jm eg dgvmibogÿd jm pmdsgÿd y pbhf jm jmvmdhbjfs m gdtmrmsms imhbims.

 

Mi bhrbvgf ms efrbi pfr oubdtf ib jmoibrbogÿd jm gdaudjbjb jm eg jmebdjb eftgvb udb abitb jm ofdagbdzb md ib ofrrmotb bjegdgstrbogÿd jm lustgogb ib`frbi qum jm`m prftmhmr bi trb`blbjfr.

SFP IF M[S]M_ZF< Jçsm pfr gdtmrpumstf mi Pmoursf jm Bpmibogÿd y mimvbrif bi _upmrgfr Lmrârqugof jfdjm mspmrbefs sm rmafrem ofdafrem ifs mxtrmefs jm ib prmsmdtm

SPGEMPF FZPF_G.- Bjludtf b ib prmsmdtm Brbdomi lujgogbi jm bpmibogÿd jm smdtmdogb.

Ousof, 27 jm b`rgi jmi 032=.

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LF_M EBD]MI OKFOBDF _MR]MGPF_

G_B@MI EBJPGJ @MDBQMDZM H]ZGMPPM\

  B@FHBJF-GOBO ?:73

JMEBDJBDZM

 

0jf L]\HBJF JM ZPB@BLF ZPBD_GZFPGF JMI O]_OF M[ M[SM SMJG JGMD MDZM ZM

< 33 3333 33??-03 032= 2=-3 -3-2 -233 3322-LP LP-I -IBB-30 30

EBZMPGB

< BOOGFD OFDZMDOGF_B BJEGDG_ZPBZGQB

L]M\

< QGIIBHBPOGB QBIMD\]MIB EBPGB JMI OBPEMD

M_ M_SM SMOG OGBI BIG_ G_ZB ZB

< LL]B ]BD DR R]G ]G_S _SM MR R]G ]G_S _SM M

ME MESI SIB\ B\BJ BJF F

jm efjf qum, of ofrr rrms mspf pfdj djmm ms mstb` tb`im imom omrr sg miif miif jmtm jmtmre regd gdbb qum qum jm`b jm`bdd ofds ofdsgj gjmr mrbr brsm sm md ib pmds pmdsgÿ gÿdd jm ib jmebdjbdtm, df f`stbdtm tmdmr ib ofdjgogÿd jm omsbdtm y mdofdtrbrsm b ib amokb prfsorgtb ib dgvmibogÿd pmdsgfdbrgb md dumstrf frjmdbegmdtf luråjgof. l uråjgof.

O]BPZF< Mi Mi Jmormtf _uprmef D D¼¼ 31=-033?-MA, mst mstb`imom< b`imom<

◆ ]db Bsghdbogÿd jmdfegdbjb ’bsghdbogÿd mspmogbi pfr ib`fr pmjbhÿhgob mamotgvb― jm ud efdtf jm (_/. 233,33) ogmd dumvfs sfims ofd 33/233. ◆ Rum sm pbhb md jfs fpfrtudgjbjms bi bòf, md ifs emsms jm ebyf y ludgf. ◆ Rum mi âe`gtf jm bpigobogÿd jm ib dfreb ms mi pmrsfdbi jfomdtm botgvf (vådouif ib`frbi vghmdtm), dfe`rbjf, ofdtrbtbjf qum jmsbrrfiib ib`fr pmjbhÿhgob mamotgvb. ◆ Rum df tgmdm obrâotmr dg dbturbimzb rmeudmrbtgvb dg pmdsgfdb`im.

Mi Jmormtf _uprmef D¼ 3=1-033:-MA, mstb`imom<

◆ Gdormemdtb mi efdtf jm ib bsghdbogÿd md _/. 22=,33. ◆ Bpigob`im md mi tgmepf pfr jfs trbefs _/. 83.33, b pbrtgr jmi ems jm ebyf jm 033: y _/. :=,33, b pbrtgr jm bhfstf jm 033:. Ms jmogr, qugmd pmrog`åb jgokb bsghdbogÿd jm _/. 233.33 bi ems jm b`rgi jmi 033: vmåb gdormemdtbjb ib egseb b _/. 283,33 y, b pbrtgr jm bhfstf b _/. 02=,33 Bjgogfdbiemdtm b if jgokf, df pumjm jmlbr jm emdogfdbrsm qum pfr bpigobogÿd jmi J._. D³ 32:033:-MA, sm jgf ofdtgdugjbj bi pbhf jm ib bsghdbogÿd ftfrhbjb pfr mi J._. 31=-033?-MA, b pbrtgr  jmi ems jm mdmrf jmi 033:.

0Brtåouif =;.- Ibs pmdsgfdms jm omsbdtåb y lu`gibogÿd jmi prfamsfr bi smrvgogf jmi Mstbjf sm dgvmibd butfeâtgobemdtm ofd ibs rmeudmrbogfdms vghmdtms pbrb mi prfamsfrbjf md smrvgogf botgvf". (*)

Brtåouif =7.- Ibs pmdsgfdms jm omsbdtåb sm ftfrhbd b ifs prfamsfrms bi bepbrf jmi Jmormtf Imy D¼ 03=?3, ofd `bsm md mi üitgef sumijf pmrog`gjf ofd tfjbs ibs `fdgagobogfdms pmdsgfdb`ims. (*)

 

R]GDZF sbivf, md be`fs supumstfs, md ebtmrgb pmdbi oubdjf abvfrmom bi rmf. Ib imy sm jmrfhb sÿif pfr ftrb imy. Zbe`gçd qumjb sgd mamotf pfr smdtmdogb qum jmoibrb su gdofdstgtuogfdbigjbj. (Mi su`rbybjf dfs ofrrmspfdjm)

_ÇSZGEF< Ob`m rmsbitbr qum kbstb bdtms jm tbi efjgagobogÿd, ib tmfråb gepmrbdtm md ebtmrgb  prmvgsgfdbi mrb ib ZMFPÅB JM IF_ JMPMOKF_ BJR]GP BJR]GPGJF_, GJF_, ib oubi prgvgimhgb`b ibs sgtubogfdms luråjgobs mxgstmdtms, trbjuogjbs md jmrmokfs ofdstgtugjfs b abvfr jm ibs pmrsfdbs, armdtm b ibs pfstmrgfrms efjgagobogfdms f bitmrbogfdms jmi sgstmeb luråjgof. Md ofdsmoumdogb, b  pbrtgr jm ib vghmdogb jm ib egseb (2; jm dfvgme`rm jm 033:), ibs dfrebs qum rghmd mi sgstmeb  pmdsgfdbrgf y prmvgsgfdbi jmi Mstbjf, sfd jm bpigobogÿd gdemjgbtb gdoiusf b ibs ofdsmoumdogbs, jm ibs rmibogfdms y sgtubogfdms luråjgobs yb mxgstmdtms, tbi ofef mxprmsbemdtm if prmvç mi brtåouif ?¼ jm ib Imy D³ 07?;7<

’Sfr rbzfdms jm gdtmrçs sfogbi, ib dumvbs rmhibs pmdsgfdbrgbs mstb`imogjbs pfr  imy sm bpigobrâd gdemjgbtbemdtm b ifs trb`blbjfrms y pmdsgfdgstbs jm ifs rmhåemdms  pmdsgfdbrgfs b obrhf jmi Mstbjf, smhüd ofrrmspfdjb. Df sm pfjrâ prmvmr md miibs ib dgvmibogÿd jm ibs pmdsgfdms ofd ibs rmeudmrbogfdms (…)―.

If ebdgamstbjf ofdoumrjb ofd ib megsgÿd jm ib obsbogÿd 88;=-0320, _BD EBPZÅD, jm amokb 37 jm b`rgi jmi prmsmdtm bòf, jfdjm ib _bib jm Jmrmokf Ofdstgtuogfdbi y _fogbi Zrbdsgtfrgb jm ib Ofrtm _uprmeb jm ib Pmpü`igob, kb gdstgtugjf ofd obrâotmr vgdouibdtm mi orgtmrgf sghugmdtm<

’DF SPFOMJM _FIGOGZBP B SBPZGP JM IB QGHMDOGB JM IB IMW  0;?;7 R]M EFJGAGOB IF_ BPZÅO]IF 22, 23? W IB SPGEMPB JG_SF_GOGßD  AGDBI W ZPBD_GZFPGB JM IB OFD_ZGZ]OGßD SFIÅZGOB JMI SMPÜ, IB  DGQMIBOGßD JM SMD_GFDM SMD_GFDM_ _ OFD IB_ PME]DMP PME]DMPBOGFDM_ BOGFDM_ JM   _MPQGJFPM_  _MPQGJFPM _ F A]DOGFDBPGF_ A]DOGFDBPGF_ SÜ@IGOF_ MD BOZGQGJBJ O]BIR]GMP O]BIR]GMPB B  _MB _] PÇHGEMD IB@FPBI. M_ZB SPFKG@GOGß SPFKG@GOGßD D BIOBD\B ZBDZF B IB QGB BJEGDG_ZPBZGQB OFEF B IB L]JGOGBI.― 

Sfr if qum, mi obsf rmsumitf md jgokb obsbogÿd, sm rmagmrm b ud smrvgjfr b qugmd sm im ftfrhÿ su  pmdsgÿd jmagdgtgvb jm omsbdtåb, `blf mi rçhgemd pmdsgfdbrgf jmi Jmormtf Imy D³ 03=?3, md amokb  prgemrf jm ebrzf jm egi dfvmogmdtfs dfvmdtb y udf (bdtmrgfr b ib rmafreb), mi qum sfigogtÿ ib dgvmibogÿd jm pmdsgÿd bdtm ib våb bjegdgstrbtgvb mi 0= jm ludgf jm jfs egi jgmz, ms jmogr, oubdjf mstb`b mstb`b vgh vghmdt mdtmm ib imy D³ 0;? 0;?;7 ;7,, qum ofd ofdafr afrem em b if jgs jgsomr omrdgj dgjff bdt bdtmrg mrgfre fremdt mdtm, m, prf prfkg` kg`gÿ gÿ tbxbtgvbemdtm ib dgvmibogÿd jm pmdsgfdms ofd ibs rmeudmrbogfdms pmrog`gjbs pfr ifs trb`blbjfrms md botgvgjbj.

 

Ms jm f`smrvbrsm qum md mi prmsmdtm obsf, ib jmebdjbdtm sfigogtÿ bdtm ib bjegdgstrbogÿd ib dgvmibogÿd ebtmrgb jm ib prmtmdsgÿd md mi bòf 032= (as. 31 y sghugmdtms), tbe`gçd jm afreb  pfstmrgfr b ib vghmdogb jm jgokb dfreb, jm efjf qum trbtâdjfsm jm ud obsf sgegibr, y qum pfr  mdjm sm mdoubjrb jmdtrf jm ib ’rbtgf ’ rbtgf jmogjmdjg― jm jmogjmdjg― jm jgokb smdtmdogb, mstm Jmspbokf bsuem mstm orgtmrgf, bpbrtâdjfsm jm bdtmrgfrms, md vgrtuj b if prmvgstf pfr mi brtåouif ?8³ jmi Zmxtf Üdgof Frjmdbjf jm ib Imy qum rmhuib mi Srfomsf Ofdtmdogfsf Bjegdgstrbtgvf, Jmormtf _uprmef 32?033;-L]_. Mstm `gmd ms ogmrtf, ibs bFib_ amo mokb kbjmspbokf y jm lujgogbi ebdmr bdmrbb sggepm ge pmrb rbtg tgvb vb DFftfrhf S]MJ MJM M dgvmibogfdms BSBPZB ZBP P_pmdsgfdbrgbs M JM IF IF_ _sfigogtbjbs> OP OPGZ GZM MPG PGF M_ZB@IMO M_ZB @IMOGJF_ GJF_ OFD DBZ DBZ]PB ]PBIM\B IM\B JM SPMO SPMOMJMD MJMDZM ZM QGDO QGDO]IBD ]IBDZM> ZM> mdtfdoms, ms mvgjmdtm qum ib prmtmdsgÿd jm ib pbrtm jmebdjbdtm sf`rm dgvmibr sus pmdsgfdms ofd mi gdormemdtf ftfrhbjf ftfrh bjf bi pmrsf pmrsfdbi dbi md botgv botgvgjbj, gjbj, rmsu rmsuitb itb gdaud gdaudjbjb jbjb bi ghubi qum sus prmtmdsgf prmtmdsgfdms dms boomsfrg boomsfrgbs bs ofef sfd mi pbhf jm orçjgtfs jmvmdhbjfs m gdtmrmsms imhbims.

FOZBQF< FOZBQ F< Md oubdt oubdtff bi pmjg pmjgjf jf jm gdtmrmsms imhbims> tmdgmdjf md oumdtb qum ib prmtmdsgÿd  prgdogpbi sm mdoumdtrb jmsmstgeb, ibs boomsfrgbs boomsfrgbs tbe`gçd jm`mrâd ofrrmr ib egseb egseb sumrtm, tbi ofef sm tgmdm smòbibjf jmi pârrbaf üitgef jmi ofdsgjmrbdjf bdtmrgfr.

DFQMDF sm tgmdm qum mi brtåouif =3³ jmi Z]F jm ib Imy qum rmh rmhuib uib mi Srf Srfoms omsff Ofd Ofdtmd tmdogf ogfsf sf Bje Bjegdg gdgstr strbtg btgvf vf J._ J._.. 32? 32?-03 -033;3;-L]_ L]_-jmtmregdb qum ibs pbrtms jmi prfomsf ofdtmdogfsf bjegdgstrbtgvf df pfjrâd smr ofdjmdbjbs bi  pbhf jm ofstbs y ofstfs, md tbi smdtgjf mxgstm ib gepfsg`gigjbj imhbi jm ofdjmdbr mi pbhf jm ofstbs y ofstfs b ibs pbrtms md mstm tgpf jm prfomsfs.

Ofdafrem jgspfdm mi brtåouif =3³ jmi J_. D³ 32?-033;-L]_, ibs pbrtms df pumjmd smr ofdjmdbjbs bi pbhf jm ofstfs y ofstbs, bså jgspumstf ofrrmspfdjm mxfdmrbr b ib jmebdjbjb jm su ofdjmdb.

GGG. JMOG_GßD<

 Sfr mstfs audjbemdtfs, jm ofdafregjbj ofd mi brtåouif 2¼ jmi Zmxtf Üdgof Frjmdbjf jm ib Imy Frhâdgob jmi Sfjmr Lujgogbi, bjegdgstrbdjf Lustgogb b dfe`rm jm ib Dbogÿd

 ABIIF<  

2. Jmoi Jmoibr brbd bdjf jf GDA] GDA]DJ DJBJ BJB B ib jmebdjb jmebdjb ofdtm ofdtmdog dogfsb fsb bjeg bjegdgs dgstrb trbtgv tgvb, b, gdtmrp gdtmrpums umstb tb pfr  G_B@MI EBJPGJ @MDBQMDZM H]ZGMPPM\, ofdtr ofdtrbb ib JGPMOO JGPMOOGßD GßD PMHGFDBI JM MJ MJ]O ]OBO BOGß GßD D JM JMI I O] O]_O _OF F  rmpr rmprms msmd mdtb tbjf jf pfr pfr su Jg Jgrm rmotf otfrr ofd ofd ogtb ogtbogÿ ogÿdd jmi jmi SPFO] SPF O]PB PBJFP JFP SÜ@ SÜ@IGO IGOF F JM JMI I HF@ HF@GMP GMPDF DF PMH PMHGFD GFDBI BI O] O]_O _OF> F>  ofd ofd ibs ibs sghugmdtms prmtmdsgfdms< Srmtmdsgÿd Srgdogpbi<

 

◆ Ou Ouep epig igegm egmdt dtff jm ib Pm Pmsf sfiu iuog ogÿd ÿd Bj Bjeg egdg dgst strb rbtgv tgvbb jmi jmi jmrm jmrmok okff jm dgvm dgvmibo ibogÿ gÿdd jm  pmdsgÿd ofd ifs gdormemdtfs gdormemdtfs prmvgstfs md mi J._. J._. 31=-033?-MA W 3=1-033:-MA.

Srmtmdsgÿd Boomsfrgb< ◆ Sbh Sbhff jjmm jjmvm mvmdhb dhbjfs jfs m gd gdtmr tmrmsm msmss imhb imhbims ims..

ud udbb vmz jmoi jmoibr brbj bjbb miofds ofmxpmjgmdtm dsmd mdtg tgjb jb y/f y/md f miagre agrem m ib pr prms msmd mdtm tm jm rm rmsf sfiu iuog ogÿd ÿd BPOKÅQM_M 0. W, JMAGDGZGQBEMDZM Brokgvf Omdtrbi çstb Ofrtm _upmrgfr jm Lustgogb.

?. _gd ofstfs dg ofstbs. Zÿemsm Pbzÿd y DFZGAÅR]M_M.    EOQQ/sram

GDZMHPBDZM_< LF_M EBD]MI OKFOBDF _MR]MGPF_. PFDDGM O]_GR]G_SM OBPPB_OF. LKFD _BDZGBHF K]GIIOB BIOOBK]EBD.