APDL

ANSYS® Customization and Automation with APDL Presented By Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc. Copyright © 2002 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Use, reproduction, distribution, etc. without the express written consent of Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc. is prohibited.

Presentation Topics

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Introduction — — — —

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What is APDL? What can you do with APDL? Features of APDL Advantages and Disadvantages of APDL

APDL Basics B i Parametric Modeling Importing/Exporting data in/out of ANSYS C t Customized i d menus and d toolbars t lb Storing macros Encrypting macros M Macro example l Consulting examples: — —

Pin insertion macro Stent automation macro

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Introduction: What is APDL?

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APDL = ANSYS Parametric Design Language — — —

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What can you do with APDL? — — — — —

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APDL is a scripting p g language g g used to automate and customize tasks in ANSYS APDL combines ANSYS commands with FORTRAN-like functions APDL is used to do many of the operations done by user-subroutines in other FE codes Create parametric models to quickly evaluate design changes Create macros to automate complex or often-repeated tasks Import and export data to external files Perform scalar, vector, and matrix operations Create simple customized menus and toolbar items

Features of APDL — — —

Macros, if-then-else branching, do-loops, and scalar, vector, and matrix operations. Macros are APDL routines Virtually all ANSYS commands can be used in APDL

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Introduction: APDL Examples

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Automation — — — —

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Create g geometry y with a new set of dimensions ((Parametric Modeling) g) Calculate the volume of all selected elements Convert structural temperatures to heat transfer temperatures Write all of the max. and min. stress/strain components p for the selected element set to a file Calculate the maximum difference in stress over a range of load steps Move the selected nodes and elements by offset values Import shell elements, nodes, and thickness values from an external file Create component sets from node or element lists in an external file

Customization — —

Create simple input and output menus (*ASK, *MSG, Multipro) Create customized toolbar items to perform common tasks

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Introduction: Advantages of APDL

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Price: No extra cost: Included with all ANSYS products

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Rapid Learning Curve: — —

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G d Documentation: Good D t ti — — —

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Rapid learning curve, primarily devoted to learning ANSYS commands. Can use the jobname.log file to get the ANSYS command equivalent to your menu picks picks. Interpreted (not compiled) so effects of modifications are immediately realizable. APDL Programmer’s Guide ANSYS Commands Reference CAEA S Seminar: i “ANSYS C Customization i i and dP Programming i (APDL)”

Other: —

Specially p y compiled p version of ANSYS is not required q

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Introduction: Disadvantages of APDL

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Limited Customization: —

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Only simple input and message menus can be generated generated.

Speed: —

Can be slow for complex operations on large models. User subroutines are generally much faster faster.

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Introduction: APDL Basics

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Scalar Parameters —

Defining scalar parameters: • parameter = value — (example 1: A1 = 12.98) — (example 2: B1 = ‘Turbine Blade Analysis’)

• OR *SET,parameter,value — (example: *SET,A1,12.98) —

Listing scalar parameters: • *STAT command d — (example: *STAT,A1)

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Deleting scalar parameters: • parameter = • OR *SET,parameter

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Introduction: APDL Basics

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Scalar Parameters cont… —

Forced p parameter substitution: • Enclose the parameter name in % signs for substitution in character expressions E Example: l Run R multiple lti l iinputt fil files and d solve l th them iin order d job=‘fname’ *DO,I,1,5 /input %job%%I% inp /input,%job%%I%,inp

! input = ‘fname1 fname1.inp inp’, ‘fname2 fname2.inp inp’, …

/solu solve finish *ENDDO

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Introduction: APDL Basics

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Array Parameters —

Defining array parameters: • *DIM command — (example 1: *DIM,A1,array,10,2,1) — (example 2: *DIM,B1,character,6,2)

• OR Parameters > Array Parameters > Define/Edit

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Listing array parameters: • *STAT command — (example: *STAT,A1)

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Deleting array parameters: • parameter = • OR *SET,parameter

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Introduction: APDL Basics

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Scalar Functions —

Many standard programming functions are available: •

A = 4*2, B = 16/4, C = A – B, D = A+B, E = A**B

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SIN(x), COS(x), TAN(x), ASIN(x), ACOS(x), ATAN(x), ATAN2(y,x)

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SINH(x) COSH(x), SINH(x), COSH(x) TANH(x)

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SQRT(x), ABS(x), SIGN(x,y)

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NINT(x), MOD(x,y)

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EXP(x), LOG(x), LOG10(x)

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RAND(x,y), GDIS(x,y)

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LWCASE(cparm), UPCASE(cparm), VALCHR(cparm)

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CHRVAL(parm) (where cparm is a character parameter) Help on *SET SET will list all of the functions

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These functions can be inserted into any numeric field of a command • Example: Apply a sinusoidal force to node i pi = acos(-1) F, i, FY, fmax*SIN(2*pi*time/tmax)

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Introduction: APDL Basics

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Array Functions —

Many Array and Matrix operations are available: Examples •

*VFUN – performs a function on one array parameter • copy to another array, square root of each entry, etc.

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*VOPER – operates on two array parameters • add, multiply, divide, etc. entries in two arrays

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*VSCFUN – determine the properties of an array parameter • max., mean, standard deviation, etc. of all entries

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*MOPER – performs matrix operations on two arrays • matrix multiplication, sorting, etc.

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Array values can be inserted into any field of a command • Example: Define keypoint #4 with an x coordinate equal to the value in position ii 2,5 2 5 off the h array XVAL K,4,XVAL(2,5),0.,0.

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Introduction: APDL Basics

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*IF statements —

Same functionality as IF statements in FORTRAN

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*IF, *ENDIF,*ELSEIF, and *ELSE commands can be used to perform logical branching operations

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Syntax: *IF, VAL1, Oper1, VAL2, AND / OR, VAL3, Oper2, VAL4, THEN

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Introduction: APDL Basics

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*DO loops —

Same functionalityy as *DO loops p in FORTRAN

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*DO, parameter, ival, fval, inc Sample Format: *DO, i, 1, 7, 2 *DO, j, 1, 20 n, (i-1)*20 +j, 0.1*j, i-1 *ENDDO ENDDO *ENDDO

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*DOWHILE loops —

*DOWHILE, parameter

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Loops repeatedl repeatedly thro through gh the ne nextt *ENDDO command as long as parameter is true (greater than zero)

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Introduction: APDL Basics

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Getting information from the database —

*GET GET commands and functions: • Can retrieve almost any scalar information needed from the database: S Sample l off information i f ti you can retrieve t i with ith the th *GET command: d UX, UY, UZ structural displacement at node N SX, SY, SZ stresses at node N maximum node number in the selected set coordinates of a keypoint stress at a node jobname and title material t i l property t value l att a specified ifi d temperature t t time step size in solution Help, *GET to get a full list of retrievable data

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Introduction: APDL Basics

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Getting information from the database —

*VGET VGET functions: • Can read a large amount of database information into vectors: Sample of information you can retrieve with the *VGET VGET command: X, Y, Z coordinates of all selected nodes UX, UY, UZ displacements of all selected nodes SX, SY, SZ stresses of all selected nodes Keypoint numbers on all of the selected lines Surface areas of all of the selected areas Help, *VGET VGET to get a full list of retrievable data

Note: *VGET VGET is much faster than looping with *DO DO Copyright© 2002 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

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Introduction: APDL Basics

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Executing Macros and Input Files —

File > Read input from (input file name)

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Command Line: /input,filename,ext

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Utility Menu > Macro > Execute Macro

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Use a macro command format: filename.mac

Up to 19 arguments can be passed to a macro Example: Macro to create a block with a hole: File: mkblk.mac mkblk mac Sample Call to the macro: mkblk, 2., 3., 2.,1.4 /prep7 g g g block,,arg1,,arg2,,arg3

! ((block,,2,,3,,2))

sphere,arg4

! (sphere,1.4)

vsbv,1,2 finish

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Parametric Modeling

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Parametric models can be generated to rapidly determine the effect of a design g modification —

Recommended procedure: • Create a first pass at a model using parameters for design variables • Copy the jobname jobname.log log file to another file name to be used as your parametric input file. • Modify the design parameters in the input file • Read the input file into ANSYS to solve the new analysis with the design changes Example: Parametric Plate Model length = 20 width = 5 thick = 0.25 /prep7 rect,0,length,0,width r,1,thick …

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Importing/Exporting Data in/out of ANSYS

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Allows data exchange between ANSYS and other codes —

Import p data into ANSYS from an external file using g *VREAD,, *TREAD

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Export data to an external file from ANSYS using *VWRITE, *MWRITE Example: Importing data with *VREAD idim = 5 jdim = 2 *dim,aa,,idim,jdim *vread vread,aa(1,1),read2,txt,,KJI,1,jdim,idim aa(1 1) read2 txt KJI 1 jdim idim (2f4.0)

File: ‘read2.txt’ 11 12 21 22 31 32 41 42 51 52 Copyright© 2002 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

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Customized Menus and Toolbars

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Allows for simple customized messages and input menus —

*ASK ASK command: Pop up a simple input menu Example: *ask, jtitle, ’job title’

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*MSG command: Pop up a simple message Example:

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*msg, ui, ’inner’, 25, 1.2, 148 Radius ( %C) = %I, Thick = %G, Length = %G

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Customized Menus and Toolbars – cont…

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You can create a multiple-prompt menu using the *MULTIPRO Utility —

This can include a limited amount of text and input p fields

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Customized Menus and Toolbars – cont…

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Toolbar items can be used to execute macros or commonly used commands *ABBR, MKPART, ptcreate

PTCREATE.MAC: Macro to create and mesh a bracket w1 = 3 w2 = 1 /prep7 rect 0 w1 0 1 rect,0,w1,0,1 rect,0,w2,0,5 aadd,all …

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Storing macros

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Macros can be stored in a “macro” directory and accessed with either _ environment variable or the /PSEARCH the ANSYS_MACROLIB command.

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Macro files are searched in the following order: 1 ANSYS ‘docu’ 1. docu directory 2. ANSYS_MACROLIB environment variable (if defined) 3. User’s home directory or the directory specified with the /PSEARCH command (if d fi d Utilit defined: Utility M Menu > M Macro > M Macro S Search hP Path) th) 4. Local working directory

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Encrypting macros

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Macros can be encrypted and run with an encryption password —

Use the /ENCRYPT command to assign the password and the encrypted macro name

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Use the /DECRYPT command to enter the password and run the macro

Example: Encrypt Macro PTCREATE.MAC /ENCRYPT,pass99,eptcreate,mac /nopr /PREP7 rect,0,w1,0,1 rect,0,w2,0,5 … esize,.25 amesh,all /gopr /ENCRYPT Copyright© 2002 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Encrypted Macro EPTCREATE.MAC /DECRYPT,PASSWORD 01 dvg0 01_dvg0 02%WIaIl 03y\!maY%i:#Vp 04i#\KU)b?}Zkp … 0CT9FPdX1/? 0DYHLl@ /DECRYPT

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Sample Macro

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Macro SXYZ.mac: Calculates any stress component at any coordinate in the model Macro Call: SXYZ, 0.19, 0.14, 0 , ‘x’ (Calculate the SX Stress at X = 0.19, Y = 0.14, and Z = 0 using averaged nodal stresses)

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Sample Macro cont …

! Usage: sxyz,X,Y,Z,’comp’ ! where: X= x coord. (undef. geom.) ! Y y coord. Y= d ! Z= z coord. ! comp= stress component ! (‘x’,’y’,’z’,’1’,etc. Use ‘eqv’ as default) /nopr *get,ar20,active,,rout ! If user is in /POST1 proceed *if,ar20,eq,31,then ! Turn off warning messages /uis,msgpop,3 ! ! Set up the path path,path1,2,, ! Define two path points ppath,1,,arg1,arg2,arg3 pp , ,, g , g , g ppath,2,,arg1+.0001,arg2+.0001,arg3 ! ! Map the result onto the path *get,artype,parm,arg4,type ,a type,eq,0,t e *if,artype,eq,0,then arg4= ‘eqv’ *endif Copyright© 2002 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

pdef,S%arg4%,s,%arg4%,avg ! ! Get the result from the first point on the path *get,ar21,path,,item,s%arg4%,pathpt,1 ! ! Print the result *msg msg,ui,arg4,arg1,arg2,arg3,ar21 ui arg4 arg1 arg2 arg3 ar21 The averaged stress S%C at X= %g, Y= %g, Z= %g & %/ is %g ! ! Turn warning messages back on /uis msgpop 2 /uis,msgpop,2 ! *else ! ! Print warning message if user is not in /post1 *msg ui *msg,ui *** You need to be in /POST1 to run SXYZ *** *endif /gopr

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APDL Example 1: Pin insertion macro

PC Board Pin Insertion Macro z

Goal: Optimize pin insertion forces

Solderless pin illustration from www.zierick.com

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Input Parameters

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Geometric Variations

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Pin Model Generation

Pin Model Generation

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Insertion Force Optimization

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APDL Example 2: Stent automation macro

Stent Automated Analysis y System y

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What is a Stent ?

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A balloon expanded stent is a small, latticed, metal scaffold that is introduced into y your blood vessel on a balloon catheter. The doctor maneuvers the catheter into the blocked artery and inflates the balloon. Inflation causes the stent to expand and press against the vessel wall. Once the balloon has been deflated and withdrawn, the stent stays in place permanently, holding the blood vessel open and improving blood flow.

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Stent Finite Element Analysis

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FEA starting point could be a 2-D CAD drawing or model parameters. Example Parameters: soptp(1,1) = 'outer bend radius' soptp(1 3) = ‘width’ soptp(1,3) width soptp(1,4) = 'axial c-to-c length' soptp(1,5) = 'cir. c-to-c length' ! rro = .00897 width = .00378 lst = .03577 03577 lcirc = .01479

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Stent Finite Element Analysis

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Sample parameters, including the option for the analysis to email results back to the user! nrep = 6 arep = 0.25 isymm = 2 twall = 0.0055 crpid = 0. desid = 3.0 cdivs = 6 ldivs = 4 issiz = 6 gsfac = 1. 1 numsub = 30 ores = 5 mailit = 1

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! no. of circum. repeating sections ! no. of repeating sections modeled ! 1=no symmetry, 2=symmetry ! wall thickness (inch) ! crimped inner diameter of stent (mm) g expanded p inner diameter of stent ((mm)) ! design ! line divisions on circum .boundary lines ! line divisions on long. boundary lines ! smart sizing parameter ! global element sizing factor ! starting number of substeps in each LS ! frequency of writing results ! e-mail results files: 0=no, 1=yes

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Automated Geometry Generation

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3-D ANSYS model developed through extrusion and coordinate transformation automatically in APDL. APDL Cylindrical 3D Mesh with target g surface

2D Geometry From Parametric a a et c Model ode

Flat 3D Mesh

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3-D Stent Expansion

3D Expansion Analysis Results Copyright© 2002 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

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Automated Postprocessing

! Animation Generation & Automated Postprocessing ! i2dan = 1 i3dan = 0 ! p=1 flstep llstep = 3 mrep = 1 nskip = 1 smin = 0. smax = 0.35 contfact = 1.0 cdist = 0.75 forl = 1 ilgd = 1 iball = 1 ijpg = 3 idb3 = 0

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! 0=no 2d animation, 1=create 2d animation ! 0=no 3d animation, 1=create 3d animation ! first load step p to animate ! last load step to animate ! no. of rows of stent to animate ! results step increment to animate ! min. plastic strain on contour ! max. plastic strain on contour ! contour multiplication factor ! contour viewing distance ! 0=fit to initial state, state 1=fit to final state ! 0=legend off, 1=legend on ! 0=balloon off, 1=balloon on ! 0=none, 1=geom jpeg, 2=final jpeg, 3=both !0 0=no db db, 1=geom 1 db db, 2=final 2 fi l db, db 3=both 3 b th

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Results for a Simple Stent Geometry

Deployed Device Copyright© 2002 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

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