AOTA Telesalud en Terapia Ocupacional
March 27, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Vehesghuf en tergpag moupgoamngh
Este fmoucentm prmpmroamng hg pmsaoaÿn gotugh fe hg Gsmoagoaÿn Estgfmunafense Estgfmunafense fe Vergpag Moupgoamngh (GMVG, pmr sus sakhgs en ankhás) omn respeotm gh usm fe tehesghuf pmr pgrte fe hms prmiesamnghes fe tergpag moupgoamngh.7 Este fmoucentm fesorabe eh usm fe tehesghuf fentrm fe hgs. çregs fes,prçotaog fe tergpag omcm se en hg anves an vestak takgo goaÿn aÿn exaste exa stente nte. Gfecç Gf ecçs, hgss ogh hg oghaia aiaogo ogoamn amnes esmoupgoamngh, fe hm hmss prm prmies iesamn amngh ghes esfasoutaÿ fe te tergp rgpag ag moupgoamngh, moupgoam ngh, hg átaog y hgs ouestamnes rekuhgtmrags rehgoamngfgs rehgoamngfgs omn eh usm fe hg tehesghuf omcm un cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams fentrm fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh se fesoraben. Prmiesamnghes Prmiesamng hes fe tergpag moupgoam moupgoamngh ngh smn hg gufaenoag prevastg pgrg este fmoucentm, gunque mtrgs persmngs anvmhuorgfgs en hg supervasaÿn, phgnaiaogoaÿn, entrekg, rekuhgoaÿn y pgkm fe servaoams fe tergpag moupgoamngh tgcbaán puefen enomntrgrhm ütah.
Feianaoamnes
Hgs teonmhmkãgs fe hg animrcgoaÿn y hgs teheomcunaogoamnes dgn acpuhsgfm eh fesgrrmhhm fe un cmfehm ecerkente fe hg prestgoaÿn fe gtenoaÿn cáfaog hhgcgfg tehesghuf, que gbgrog servaoams fe omcm gtenoaÿn cáfaog, fen,sghuf y efuogoaÿn pgrg sghuf. GMVG feiane hg tehesghuf hg gphaogoa gphaogoaÿn ÿnanimrcgoaÿn fe evghugoaÿ evghugoaÿn, omnsuhtg, prevenoaÿn prevenoaÿ n y hg _ervaoams tergpáutaoms prestgfms g trgvás fe hg teonmhmkãg fe hg animrcgoaÿn y hg omcunaogoaÿn (VAO: ver Gpánfaoe G) Hg teheredgbahatgoaÿn teheredgbahatgoaÿn perteneoe gh çcbatm cçs gcpham fe hg tehesghuf tehesghuf y es hg gphaogoaÿn fe hgss VAO esp hg espeo eoãia ãiaogc ogcent ente e pgr pgrg g pre prestg stgoaÿ oaÿn n fe se serva rvaoam oamss fe red redgba gbahahatgo tgoaÿ aÿn n y dgb dgbahahatg atgoaÿ oaÿn n (Raodcmnf et gh., 207;). _an ecbgrkm, eh tárcanm tehesghuf celmr representg eh ghognoe fe hms servaoams fe tergpag moupgoamngh (Ogsmn, 2072g) y es eh tárcanm prefmcangnte utahazgfm en pmhãtaog estgtgh y iefergh. Pmr estgs rgzmnes, tehesghuf es eh tárcanm reomcenfgfm pgrg tmfg tergpag moupgoamngh moupgoamngh servaoams prestgfms g trgvás fe hgs VAO. Usm fe tehesghuf en tergpag moupgoamngh
Eh mbletavm kenergh fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh es gpmygr g hgs persmngs en hg pgrtaoapgoaÿn en hg vafg cefagnte hg pgrtaoapgoaÿn en hg moupgoaÿn pgrg hg "dgbahatgoaÿn, redgbahatgoaÿn y prmcmoaÿn fe hg sghuf y eh baenestgr fe hms ohaentes" omn neoesafgfes rehgoamngfgs omn fasogpgoafgfes y nm fasogpgoafgfes –(GMVG, 2076b, p. _7). Este mbletavm se hmkrg g trgvás fe prmoesm fe tergpag moupgoamngh< evghugoaÿn, antervenoaÿn y prmcmoaÿn m cgntenacaentm fe resuhtgfms fe sghuf y pgrtaoapgoaÿn pgrg anfavafums, krupms y pmbhgoamnes. Hms servaoams fe tergpag moupgoamngh prmpmroamngfms pmr cefam fe tehesghuf puefen ser sanorÿnaoms, es feoar, prestgfms g trgvás fe teonmhmkãgs antergotavgs en taecpm regh, m gsãnormngs, utahazgnfm teonmhmkãgs fe ghcgoengcaentm y reenvãm. Hms prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpa ter gpag g mou moupgo pgoamn amngh gh pue puefe fen n us usgr gr hg teh tehesg esghuf huf omc omcm m un ceo ceogn gnasc ascm m pg pgrg rg prm prmpm pmroa roamng mngr r servaoams en un hukgr que estç iãsaogcente fastgnte feh ohaente, hm que percate que hms servaoams mourrgn fmnfe eh ohaente vave, trgbglg, gprenfe y luekg, sa esm es neoesgram m fesegfm. Hms prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh utahazgn hg tehesghuf omcm cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams pgrg, pmr elecphm, • Gyufgr g hms ohaentes g fesgrrmhhgr dgbahafgfes: dgbahafgfes: • Anomrpmrgr teonmhmkãg fe gsastenoag (GV) y táonaogs gfgptgtavgs:
• Cmfaiaogr gcbaentes fe trgbglm, dmkgr m esouehg: y • Oregr dçbatms y rutangs que prmcuevgn hg sghuf. Ghkunms beneiaoams beneiaoams fe un cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams fe tehesghuf anohuyen un cgymr gooesm goo esm g hm hmss ser servao vaoam ams, s, esp espeoa eoaghc ghcent ente e pg pgrg rg oha ohaen entes tes que va vaven ven en çre çregs gs re recmt cmtgs gs m fesgtenfafgs: gooesm celmrgfm g prmveefmres y espeoaghastgs espeoãiaoms que fe mtrm cmfm nm estgrãgn faspmnabhes pgrg hms ohaentes: prevenoaÿn fe fecmrgs anneoesgrags en reoabar gtenoaÿn: e anterogcbam (Ogsmn, 2072g, 2072b). fe experaenoag entre prmiesamnghes g trgvás fe omnsuhtgs recmtgs Hg tehesghuf puefe celmrgr eh acpgotm fe hg esogsez fe persmngh, supergr hms fesgiãms fe trgnspmrte y ser beneiaoamsm en satugoamnes fmnfe eh servaoam g hms ohaentes puefe ser celmr gtenfafm furgnte hgs dmrgs fe trgbglm nm trgfaoamnghes fe ghkunms cmfehms fe ouafgfms trgfaoamnghes. trgfaoamng hes. Gh ehacangr hgs bgrrergs pgrg gooefer g hg gtenoaÿn, anohuafms eh estakcg smoagh, hms vagles y bgrrergs smoameomnÿcaogs y hankøãstaogs, eh usm fe hg tehesghuf omcm cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams en eh çcbatm hgbmrgh hg tergpag omnfuoe g un celmr gooesm g hg gtenoaÿn (Kgrfner, Bunfy, & Few, 2079: Dantmn, _deiiaehf, _gnfers, & _mirmnmii, 207;: Hevy et gh., 2074). Hms resuhtgfms fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh ghognzgbhes g trgvás fe hg tehesghuf anohuyen hg igoahatgoaÿn igoahatgoaÿ n fe fesecpe÷m fesecpe÷m,, pgrtaoapgoaÿn en gotavafgfes fe hg vafg fagrag (GFH) y gotavafgf gotavafgfes es anstrucentghes fe hg vafg fagrag (AGFH), sghuf y baenestgr, omcpetenoag fe rmhes, baenestgr, oghafgf fe vafgfey servaoams lustaoag hgbmrgh (GMVG,2076b). tehesghuf taene pmtenoagh fe prestgoaÿn en tmfgs hgs çregs feHg prçotaog acpmrtgntes fentrmomcm fe hg cmfehm tergpag moupgoamngh. Fgfg hg vgragbahafgf fe hms igotmres feh ohaente, hgs fecgnfgs fe gotavafgf, hgs dgbahafgfes fe fesecpe÷m, eh fesecpe÷m pgtrmnes, omntextms y entmrnms, hg ognfafgturg y hg afmneafgf fe un cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams fe tehesghuf feben fetercangrse ogsm pmr ogsm utahazgnfm eh luaoam ohãnaom.
Evghugoaÿn utahazgnfm hgs VAO< teheevghugoaÿn
Hgs VAO dgn gcphagfm hgs pmsabahafgfes fe reghazgr evghugoamnes. Hms estufams dgn fesoratm eh usm fe hg tehesghuf en çregs que premoupgn g hg tergpag moupgoamngh, omcm hg evghugoaÿn y hms servaoams fe omnsuhtg pgrg eh orabgfm omknatavm (Gbfmhgda et gh., 2076: _tahhermvg, Haffhe, Kustgissmn, Hgcmnt y _ahburn, 2079), mrtmpefag evghugoaÿn (cgnm) ([mrbmys, Brgssanktmn, [grf y Omrnwehh, 207;), evghugoaÿ evghugoaÿn n fe haniefecg (KghagnmOgstahhm (KghagnmOgstahhm et gh., 207?), presorapoaÿn fe sahhg fe ruefgs (_odean, _odceher, Dmhc, _gptmnm y Braenzg, 2070: _odean et gh gh., ., 20 2077) 77),, ev evghu ghugoa goaÿn ÿn feh dmkgr dmkgr (Dm (Dmiic iicgn gn & Ru Russe ssehhhh,, 200 2004: 4: Na Naxx & Om Omcgn cgns, s, 207 207;), ;), presorapoaÿn fe equapms gfgptgtavms y cmfaiaogoaÿn feh dmkgr (_gnimrf et gh., 2001) y evghugoaÿn erkmnÿcaog (Bgjer & Lgombs, 2072). Eh rgzmngcaentm ohãnaom kuãg hg seheooaÿn y gphaogoaÿn fe hgs VAO gprmpagfgs neoesgrags pgrg evghugr g hms ohaentes moupg mou pgoam oamnes nes,, igo igotmr tmres es feh oha ohaent ente, e, dg dgbah bahaf afgfe gfess y pgt pgtrmn rmnes es fe fes fesecp ecpe÷m e÷m,, omn omntex textms tms y entmrnms. Hms tergpeutgs moupgoamnghes feben omnsafergr hg iagbahafgf y hg vghafez fe hgs derrgcaentgss fe evghugoaÿ derrgcaentg evghugoaÿn n espeoãiaogs ougnfm se gfcanastrgn fe imrcg recmtg. Hms anve anvestak stakgfmr gfmres es dgn anve anvestakg stakgfm fm hg iagb iagbahaf ahafgf gf fe hgs evgh evghugoa ugoamnes mnes utah utahazgf azgfgs gs pmr hms prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh. y fesoubrã que hgs sakuaentes evghugoamnes smn omniagbhess ougnfm se gfcanastrgn fe imrcg recmtg g trgvás fe tehesghuf< omniagbhe • Hg Evghugoaÿn Omknatavg fe Cmntregh (Gbfmhgda et gh., 2076: _tahhermvg et gh., 2079)
• Eh exgcen fe estgfm cana-centgh (Oaecans, Dmhhmwgy, Ommn, CoOhmsjy-Grcstrmnk, & Can, 2001: CoEgodern,Jarj, Cmrkgn, Ormsshey y Denry, 2076) • Hg pruebg fe ghognoe iunoamngh y hg esoghg eurmpeg fe gooafente oerebrmvgsouhgr oerebrmvgsouhgr (Pghsbm, Fgwsmn, _gvgrf, Kmhfstean y Deuser, 200;) • Hg evghugoaÿn fe Jmdhcgn fe hgs dgbahafgfes pgrg vavar y hg cefafg fe fesecpe÷m moupgoamngh ogngfaense (Freyer, Freyer, _dgw y [aatcgn, 2007) • Hg pruebg Vacef Up gnf Km (Dwgnk et gh., 2079) • Hg IAC, eh fangcÿcetrm Lgcgr, eh cefafmr Panod fe Prestmn, hg pruebg fe ohgvalg fe nueve mraiaoams y hg esoghg fe oghaiaogoaÿn fe hg eniercefgf fe Pgrjansmn unaiaogfg (Dmiicgnn, Russehh, Vdmcpsmn, Yanoent y Nehsmn, 2004) • Hg derrgcaentg fe evghugoaÿn erkmnÿcaog pgrg hg grtratas (Bgojcgn, Yahhgke y Hgogahhe, 2004).
En ghkunms ogsms, un gsastente en persmng, omcm un ouafgfmrfeu evghugoaÿn mtrm prmiesamngh fe cefafgs hg sghuf, puefe ser utahazgfm pgrg trgnscatar cefafgs fe derrgcaentgs u mtrgs (pmr elecphm, gcbaentghes, sahhgs fe ruefgs y gsaentms) gh tergpeutg recmtm furgnte eh prmoes prm oesm m fe evg evghu hugoa goaÿn. ÿn. Ou Ougn gnfm fm se uta utahahazg zg un cmf cmfeh ehm m fe teh tehesg esghu huf f pgr pgrg g reg reghahazgr zgr un ung g evghugoaÿn, hms tergpeutgs moupgoamnghes feben omnsafergr Hgs neoesafgfes fe gtenoaÿn cáfaog feh ohaente, hg preierenoag feh ohaente, eh gooesm g hg teonmhmkãg y hg ogpgoafgf fe cefar hms resuhtgfms. Hms prmiesamnghes feben oucphar omn tmfgs hgs heyes y requasatms fe fereo fe reodms dms fe gut gutmr mr gh gfc gfcana anastr strgr gr ev evghu ghugoa goamn mnes es (GM (GMVG, VG,207 2075g 5g). ). _a hm hmss cg cgter teragh aghes es fe evghugoaÿn m eh prmtmomhm fe gfcanastrgoaÿn requaeren cmfaiaogoamnes ougnfm se usgn g trgvás fe tehesghuf, estm febe fmoucentgrse y tenerse en ouentg en hg oghaiaogoaÿn e anter an terpre pretgo tgoaÿn aÿn fe hg evg evghu hugoa goaÿn ÿn.. Cae Caentr ntrgs gs que GMV GMVG G gp gpmyg myg hg rek rekuhg uhgoaÿ oaÿn n est estgtg gtghh fe hg prmiesaÿn y gpmyg eh pgpeh fe hgs luntgs rekuhgfmrgs estgtghes (LUR) gh rekuhgr hg prçotaog fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh, oaertms requasatms acpuestms pmr eh estgfm anfavafugh rekuhgoamnes tghes omcm que un prmiesamngh está iãsaogcente ubaogfm en eh cascm estgfm que eh ohaente pgrg pg rg usg usgrr hg teh tehesg esghu huf f Veo Veodn dnmhm mhmka kaes es na naekg ekg eh goo gooesm esm g ser serva vaoam oamss y esp espeoa eoagha ghastg stgss nm faspmnabhes pgrg eh ohaente. Feh cascm cmfm, un requasatm que Eh prmiesamngh febe ver pracerm g un ohaente en persmng gntes fe reoabar hms servaoams g trgvás fe tehesghuf nm es gprmpagfm y febe ser fetercangfm pmr eh prmiesamngh bgsgfm en eh rgzmngcaentm ohãnaom y eh luaoam átaom (Ogsmn, 2076). Este requasatm naekg eh gooesm g servaoams y espeoaghastg espeoaghastgss nm faspmnabh faspmnabhes es pgrg eh ohaente y naekg hms beneiaoams fe un cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams fe tehesghuf. Ougnfm hg tehesghuf se utahazg smbre hg bgse fe un rgzmngcaentm ohãnaom sÿhafm y un luaoam átaom, hg evafenoag fecuestrg que hms ohaentes puefen ser trgtgfms eiaogzcente san hg neoesafgf fe ser vastms en persmng pmr eh prmiesamngh recmtm (Bgjer & Lgombs, 2072: Dwgnk et gh., 2079: [mrbmys et gh., 207;). Eh tergpeutg moupgoamngh puefe fetercangr que se requaere ung evghugoaÿn en persmng m un enimque fe evghugoaÿn dãbrafm (es feoar, ghkunms gspeotms fe hg evghugoaÿn se gfcanastrgn g trgvás fe tehesghuf y mtrms gspeotms en
persmng) pgrg ghkunms ohaentes. Pmrque feh omnmoacaentm y hg teonmhmkãg en evmhuoaÿn rehgoamngfms omn hg tehesghuf, hms tergpeutgs moupgoamnghes feben revasgr eh Hgs ühtacgs anvestakgoamnes se cgntaenen gotughazgfgs smbre eh usm gprmpagfm fe hgs VAO pgrg reghazgr evghugoamnes. Antervenoaÿn utahazgnfm hgs VAO< teheantervenoaÿn
_e puefe utahazgr cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams feredgbahatgoaÿn. tehesghuf pgrgHms prmpmroamngr antervenoamnes fe un ngturghezg preventavg, dgbahatgfmrg m fe igotmres g omnsafergrr gh phgnaiaogr y prmpmroamngr antervenoamne omnsaferg antervenoamness entrekgfgs omn VAO anohuyen • Faspmnabahafgf fe teonmhmkãg y mpoamnes pgrg eh prmiesamngh fe tergpag moupgoamngh y eh ohaente: • Hg sekurafgf sekurafgf,, eieotavafgf y oghafgf fe hgs antervenoamnes prmpmroamn prmpmroamngfgs gfgs exohusavgcente g trgvás fe tehesghuf m un cmfehm dãbrafm: • Hg eheooaÿn feh ohaente fe reoabar antervenoamnes pmr cefam fe tehesghuf: • Hms resuhtgfms fesegfms feh ohaente, anohuafg su peroepoaÿn fe hms servaoams prestgfms: • reecbmhsm: y • Oucphacaentm fe hgs heyes, rekuhgoamnes y pmhãtaogs ieferghes y estgtghes, anohuafms hms requasatms fe haoenoag (GMVG, 207;g: Raodcmnf et gh., 207;) .Omnsuhtg usgnfm hgs VAO< Veheomnsuhtg Veheomnsuhtg es ung omnsuhtg vartugh que anohuye eh Veheomnsuhtg • Prmveefmr y ohaente recmtms, omn eh ouafgfmr, sekün omrrespmnfg: • Prmveefmr recmtm y prmveefmr hmogh (pmr elecphm, tergpeutg, venfefmr fe equapm cáfaom furgferm, prmtesastg, cáfaom) omn eh ohaente y eh ouafgfmr, sekün omrrespmnfg: omrrespmnfg: m • Prmveefmr recmtm y prmveefmr hmogh san eh ohaente presente. Hg teheomnsuhtg utahazg hgs VAO pgrg mbtener animrcgoaÿn m omnselms cáfaoms y fe sghuf. Hg teheomnsuhtg teheomnsuh tg dg safm smhãg supergr hg esogsez fe vgrams prmiesamngh prmiesamnghes es fe redgbaha redgbahatgoaÿn tgoaÿn en hms Estgfms Unafms. Pmr elecphm, un tergpeutg moupgoamngh puefe evghugr fe imrcg recmtg y reom reomce cenf nfgr gr glus gluste tess g hg pr prÿt ÿtes esas as fe un oh ohae aent nte. e. fasp faspms msatatav avm m que que utah utahaz azg g smitw smitwgr gre e fe omcputgfmrg omn ogpgoafgf fe vafemomnierenoag y gooesm recmtm g un cáfaom hmogh pgntghhg fe hg omcputgfmrg g pesgr fe hg fastgnoag iãsaog entre eh ohãnaom expertm y eh ohaente ([deh ([d ehgn gn & [gk [gkne ner,2 r,207 077). 7). Fe Fehh cas cascm cm cmf cmfm, m, _od _odea ean, n, _od _odceh ceher, er, Bra Braen enzg, zg, _g _gptm ptmnm nm y Pgrcgntm (2004) fecmstrgrmn resuhtgfms pmsatavms. gsmoagfm omn hg teheomnsuhtg entre un espeoaghastg en gsaentms recmtms y un tergpeutg hmogh pgrg evghugr presorapoamnes pgrg sahhgs fe ruefgs. Gfecçs, hg teheomnsuhtg puefe usgrse pgrg reghazgr evghugoamnes fe sekurafgf en eh dmkgr y cmfaiaogoamnes en eh dmkgr (Rmcerm, Hee, _acao, Hevy y _gnimrf, 207;), servaoams fe prevenoaÿn y baenestgr (Pgrcgntm, Prgcgng, Qu,Igarcgn y Faoagnnm, 2075), omnsuhtg erkmnÿcaog (Bgjer y Lgombs, 2072), omnsuhtg prevag g hg gfcasaÿn pgrg pgoaentes smcetafms g reecphgzm tmtgh fe ogferg y rmfahhg tmtgh tmtgh (Dm (Dmiic iicgn gn y Ru Russe ssehhhh,, 200 2004), 4), y pgr pgrg g igo igoahahatg atgrr kru krupms pms fe gpm gpmym ym pgr pgrg g persm persmng ngss omn gieooamnes orÿnaogs (Hguojner y Dutodansmn, 2079). En eh çreg fe pefagtrãg, Hg te tehe heom omns nsuh uhtg tg se dg utah utahaz azgf gfm m pg pgrg rg trgt trgtgr gr g na÷m na÷mss omn omn trgs trgstm tmrn rnms ms omcp omcphe helm lmss fe hg ghacentgoaÿn pefaçtraog (Ohgwsmn et gh.,2004), igoahatgr hg ommrfangoaÿn y eh omntrmh cmtmr en na÷ms omn pgrçhasas oerebrgh (Reaienberk et gh., 207;), gpmygr servaoams esomhgres pgrg na÷ms
omn neoesafgfes cáfaogs omcphelgs (Omrcgoj et gh., 2079) y branfgr entrengcaentm bgsgfm en hg moupgoaÿn pgrg ouafgfmres fe na÷ms peque÷ms omn gutascm (Hatthe, Pmpe, [ghhasod y Funn,2074) Cmnatmrem usgnfm hgs VAO< Vehecmnatmrazgoaÿn Hg tehecmnatmrazgoaÿn, tehecmnatmrazgoaÿn, m cmnatmrazgoa cmnatmrazgoaÿn ÿn recmtg fe pgoaentes (RPC), se usg omcüncente en eh cmfehm cáfaom pgrg eniercefgfes orÿnaogs. cgnelm fe eniercefgfes e acphaog hg trgnscasaÿn fe hms vatghes fe fgtms un ohaente (pmr (pmr elecphm, presaÿn grteragh, ireouenoag ogrfãgog, navehes fesaknms mxãkenm) y mtrms fe sghuf elecphm, navehes fe gzüogr en hg sgnkre, pesm, renfacaentm fe GFH, eventms fe ogãfg) pgrg revasaÿn pmr un ohãnaom pgrg gsekurgr un cmnatmrem cçs mpmrtunm. Este tapm fe cmnatmrem puefe prevenar orasas fe sghuf, usm feh fepgrtgcentm fe ecerkenoags y dmspatghazgoaÿn y puefe prmcmver hg sghuf y eh ba baene enestg stgr. r. Hm Hmss prm prmies iesam amngh nghes es fe hg ter tergpa gpag g mou moupgo pgoamn amngh gh pue puefe fen n trg trgbgl bglgr gr en equap equapms ms anterprm ante rprmiesam iesamnghe nghess utah utahazgn azgnfm fm tehec tehecmnat mnatmraz mrazgoaÿ goaÿn n pgrg enie eniercef rcefgfes gfes orÿn orÿnaogs aogs,, cgne cgnelm lm fe eniercefgfes, eniercefgf es, pmr elecphm. Hms prgotaogntes puefen usgr hgs VAO pgrg cmnatmregr eh ohaente • Gfdesaÿn g un prmkrgcg fe antervenoaÿn (Pgnerm (Pgnermna na et gh., 2076), • GFH (Kmjghp y Ohgrje, 207?), • Ogcbams omknatavms (_tahhermvg et gh., 2079), y • Raeskm fe ogãfg (Dmrtmn, 2004: Ngfatz, 2001). _e estç exgcangnfm hg eiaogoag hms sastecgs fe cmnatmrem fe fe sensmres y en eh dmkgr omn gfuhtms cgymres pgrgfe gyufg g reoupergr hg ogpgoafgf reghazgrpmrtçtahes GFH fe cgnerg eieotavg y sekurg fespuás fe ung irgoturg fe ogferg (Pmh et gh., 207;). Hg tehecmnatmrazgoaÿn puefe ser ung derrgcaen derrgcaentg tg que percatg g hms prmiesamngh prmiesamnghes es fe tergpag moupgoamn moupgoamngh gh gyufgr g hms ohaentes g hmkrgr resuhtgfms fesegfms. Gfecçs, hg tehecmnatmrazgoaÿn puefe branfgr g hms prmies prm iesamn amnghe ghess fe tergp tergpag ag mou moupgo pgoamn amngh gh an animr imrcgo cgoaÿ aÿn n e animr animrcg cgoaÿ oaÿn n smb smbre re prm prmbhe bhecgs cgs y premoupgoamnes omn respeotm gh fesecpe÷m en hms entmrnms ngturghes fe hms ohaentes. Omnsafergoamnes pgrg hg tergpag moupgoamngh en tehesghuf Oghaiaogoamnes fe hms prmiesamnghes y omnsafergoamnes átaogs Es respmnsgbahafgf prmiesamngh y átaog fe hms prmiesamnghes fe tergpag moupgoamngh prmpmroamngr servaoams. smhm fentrm feh naveh fe omcpetenoag y ghognoe fe hg prçotaog fe ogfg prmiesamngh. Eh Oÿfakm fe Vergpag Moupgoamngh fe Hg átaog (GMVG, 2075g 2075g)) est estgbh gbheoe eoe pra pranoa noapa pams ms qu que e ku kuãgn ãgn hg prç prçota otaog og fe ter tergpa gpag g mou moupg pgoam oamng nghh sek sekurg urg y omcpetente y esm febe gphaogrse ougnfm se branfgn servaoams fe tergpag moupgoamngh g trgvás fe un cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams fe tehesghuf. Hms prmiesamnghes feben omnsuhtgr hms pranoapams rehevgntes feh Oÿfakm y oucphar omn eh estgfm y requasatms rekuhgtmrams ieferghes. Eh Pra Pranoa noapa pam m 7G fe fehh Oÿfak Oÿfakm m est estgbh gbheoe eoe que "eh persm persmngh ngh fe ter tergpa gpag g mou moupg pgoam oamngh ngh feber feberç ç prmpmroamngr ung evghugoaÿn gfeougfg y un phgn fe antervenoaÿn pgrg reoeptmres fe servaoams fe tergpag moupgoamngh espeoãiaoms pgrg pgrg sus neo neoesa esafgf fgfes es –(G –(GMVG MVG,20 ,2075 75g, g, p. 2) Est Este e req requa uasat satm m reiue reiuerzg rzg hg acp acpmrt mrtgn gnoag oag fe omnsafergr ouafgfmsgcente sa hg evghugoaÿn m hg antervenoaÿn g trgvás fe un cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams fe tehesghuf sgtasigrç celmr hgs neoesafgfes feh ohaente y es hm cçs cátmfm gprmpagfm pgrg prmpmroamngr servaoams fgfg hg satugoaÿn feh ohaente. Eh rgzmngcaentm ohãnaom y átaom kuãg hg seheooaÿn y gphaogoaÿn fe hg teonmhmkãg fe tehesghuf gfeougfg neoesgram pgrg evghugr y sgtasigoer hgs neoesafgfes feh ohaente. Hms prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh feben omnsafergr sa Eh usm fe hg teonmhmkãg y hg prestgoaÿn fe
servaoams g trgvás fe tehesghuf kgrgntazgrç hg prestgoaÿn fe servaoams sekurg, eieotavg y gfeougfg. Febafm g hg ngturghezg ãntacg fe ghkunms servaoams fe tergpag moupgoamngh (pmr elecphm, antervenoamnes rehgoamngfgs omn vestarse, bg÷grse, ar gh bg÷m), se febe dgoer ung omnsafergoaÿn espeoagh pgrg evatgr hg expmsaoaÿn fe Eh ohaente gnte hg oçcgrg en un estgfm fe fesn snuf ufm m m om omcp cprm rmce cetatafm fm.. Fa Fara raka kars rse e g hm hmss igot igotmr mres es feh feh oh ohae aent nte e y hgs hgs dgba dgbahahafg fgfe fess fe renfacaentm en un omntextm faierente, ver gh ohaente moupgfm en hg moupgoaÿn caentrgs usg rmpg glustgfg rmpg m trgle fe bg÷m, y omniagr en eh animrce feh ouafgfmr puefe ser ung mpoaÿn vagbhe pgrg gbmrfgr eh(GMVG, çreg fe2075g, premoupgoaÿn hms estçnfgres fe omnfuotg 207;g). caentrgs feiaenfe hms pranoapams átaoms y Gfecçs, hms "Pranoapa "Pranoapams ms pgrg hg prestgoaÿn fe servaoams fe teheredgba teheredgbahatgoaÿn" hatgoaÿn" fe hg Gsmoagoaÿn Gceraogng fe Vehecefaoa Vehecefaoang ng fesorabe acpmrtgntes pranoapam pranoapamss gfcanastrgtavm gfcanastrgtavms, s, ohãnaoms, táonaoms y átaoms gsmoagfms omn eh usm fe hg tehesghuf (Raodcmnf et gh., 207;). Hms prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh puefen usgr vgrams enimques efuogtavms. pgrg kgngr omcpetenoag en eh usm fe hgs VAO pgrg branfgr servaoams fe tergpag moupgoamngh. Puefen kgngr experaenoag omn tehesghuf y VAO omcm pgrte fe hg efuogoaÿn bçsaog (Nmrcg B.6.75: Omnse Om nselm lm fe Gorefa Gorefatgo tgoaÿn aÿn pg pgrg rg hg Efu Efuogo ogoaÿ aÿn n en Ver Vergpa gpag g Mou Moupgo pgoam amngh ngh,, 2074) 2074) m puefe puefen n pgrtaoapgr en mpmrtunafgfes fe efuogoaÿn omntanug omcm ohãnaoms pgrg gf gfqu quar arar ar omnm omnmoa oaca caen entm tm fe es este te cm cmfe fehm hm fe pres prestg tgoa oaÿn ÿn fe serv servao aoam ams. s. El Elec ecph phms ms fe omnsafergoamnes átaogs rehgoamngfgs omn hg tehesghuf. se fesoraben en eh Gpánfaoe O. Hms prmiesamnghes feben tener un omnmoacaentm prçotaom feh dgrfwgre, smitwgre y mtrms eh ehece ecentm ntmss en feogsm hg teo teonmh mkãg ãg queprmbhecgs estçn es tçn uta utahahazgn zgnfm fm y ten tener er 207;). persm persmng ngh h fe smp smpmrt mrte e táo táona naom om faspmnabhe fenmhmk que surlgn (Raodcmnfet gh., Feben usgr evafenoag, tutmrãg y efuogoaÿn omntanug pgrg cgntener y celmrgr su omcpetenoag rehgoamngfg omn eh usm fe tehesghuf fentrm fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh. _upervasaÿn utahazgnfm teonmhmkãgs fe tehesghuf
Heyes estgtghes fe haoenoagturg, pgutgs espeoãiaogs fe hg anstatuoaÿn omn respeotm g hg su supe perv rvas asaÿ aÿn n fe estu estufa fagn gnte tess fe terg tergpa pag g moup moupgo goam amng nghh y pers persmn mngh gh,, hgs hgs Pg Pgut utgs gs pgrg pgrg hg supervasaÿn, hms rmhes y hgs respmnsgbahafgfes furgnte hg entrekg fe ecphems _e feben sekuar hms _ervaoams fe tergpag (GMVG, 2076g) y eh Oÿfakm fe átaog fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh (GMVG, 2075g), anfepenfaentecente feh cátmfm fe supervasaÿn. Hg tehesghuf puefe usgrse caentrgs se oucphgn esgs pgutgs pgrg gpmygr g estufagntes y prmiesamnghes que trgbglgn en çregs gashgfgs m rurghes (Berngrf & Kmmfcgn, 207?: Cahher, Cahher, Burtmn, _prgnk y Gfgcs, 200?: Naodmhsmn, Bgssdgc, Odgpcgn y Iraojer, 2076: Rmusc Rm uscgna gnaere ere y Re Renir nirmm-Cao Caode deh,h, 207 2079). 9). Hms Hms igo igotmr tmres es que que puefe puefen n gie gieotg otgrr eh cmf cmfeh ehm m fe supervasaÿn y hg ireouenoag fe supervasaÿn anohuyen hg omcphelafgf fe hgs neoesafgfes feh ohaente, eh nücerm y hg faversafgf fe hms ohaentes, hgs dgbahafgfes feh tergpeutg moupgoamn moupgoamngh gh y eh gsastente fe tergpag moupgoamngh, tapm fe entmrnm fe prçotaog, requasatms feh entmrnm fe prçotaog y mtrms requasatms rekhgcen rekhgcentgrams tgrams (GMVG, 2076g). Omnsafergoamnes Omnsafergoamne s hekghes y rekuhgtmrags
Hms prmiesamnghes prmiesamnghes fe tergpag moupgoamn moupgoamngh gh feben oucphar omn hgs heyes estgtghes fe haoenoag y hg tergpag moupgoamngh rehgoamngfg rehgoamngfg rekuhgoamnes smbre eh usm fe un cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams fe tehesghuf fentrm fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh (GMVG, 2075g, 207;g). GMVG gpmyg hg rekuhgoaÿn estgtgh fe hg prmiesaÿn y gpmyg eh pgpeh fe hgs LUR en hg rekuhgoaÿn Hg prçotaog fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh. Fgfg hg gfmpoaÿn anomnsastente y hg ightg fe unaimrcafgf feh henkugle henkugle omn respeotm gh usm fe tehesghu tehe sghuf f fent fentrm rm fe terg tergpag pag moup moupgoam goamngh ngh (GMV (GMVG, G, 207; 207;b), b), he omrre omrrespmn spmnfe fe gh prmie prmiesamn samngh gh
veraiaogr hms estgtutms, rekhgcentms y pmhãtaogs fe un estgfm gntes fe omcenzgr g prgotaogr eh usm fe un cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams fe tehesghuf (Ogsmn, 2076). Pmr hm kenergh, hg animrcgoaÿn se puefe enomntrgr en hms satams web fe hms _RB, que g cenufm anohuyen enhgoes g estgtutms rehevgntes, rekuhgoamnes y feohgrgoamnes fe pmhãtaog. Hms _RB feben ser omntgotgfms fareotgcente en gusenoag fe mraentgoaÿn pmr esoratm pgrg fetercangr hg omnvenaenoag fe utahazgr hg tehesghuf pgrg hg prestgoaÿn fe servaoams fe tergpag moupg mou pgoam oamngh ngh fe fentr ntrm m fe sus lu luras rasfa faooa ooamne mness Gf Gfecç ecçs, s, se feben feben omn omnsuh suhtgr tgr hgs hgs pmh pmhãta ãtaogs ogs y fareotraoes fe hmsg hg pgkgfmres. Hms prmiesamnghes que pgrtaoapgn feben omnsuhtgr luntg fe haoenoags fe tergpag moupgoamngh en en hg prçotaog anterestgtgh su estg estgfm fm,, gsã gsã om omcm cm en eh estg estgfm fm fm fmnf nfe e se enou enouen entr trg g eh oh ohae aent nte e pgrg pgrg mbte mbtene nerr cç cçss gohgrgoamnes smbre hgs pmhãtaogs rehgoamngfgs omn hg tehesghuf gntes fe prestgr servaoams. _a baen un ceognascm imrcgh fe pmrtgbahafgf fe haoenoag (es feoar, haoenoag omcpgotm) es Vmfgvãg nm exasten, ghkunms estgfms taenen exenoamnes en hgs heyes fe haoenoag pgrg hg prçotaog tecpmrgh y pgrg hg omnsuhtg. Exaste un ceognascm pgrg hg pmrtgbahafgf pmrtgbahafgf fe hg haoenoag g trgvás fe ung rekhg iefergh (Fepgrtgcentm fe Gsuntms fe Yetergnms fe EE. UU., 2074) pgrg prmiesamnghes que prestgn servaoams g vetergnms. Hms prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh feben oucphar omn hg Hey fe Respmnsgbahafgf y Pmrtg Pm rtgba bahaf hafgf gf fe fehh _e _ekur kurm m fe _g _ghuf huf (D (DAPG APGG, G, 71 7119: 19: Pub Pub.. H. 706‟7 706‟717 17)) rek rekuhg uhgoam oamnes nes pgrg pgrg cgntener hg sekurafgf, pravgoafgf y omniafenoaghafgf fe tmfms hms rekastrms e antergooamnes. Kgrgntãgs gfaoamnghes anderentes gh usm fe hg teonmhmkãg pgrg branfgr tergpag tergpa g mou moupgo pgoamn amngh gh hms serva servaoam oamss fe feben ben omn omnsaf saferg ergrse rse pgr pgrg g kgr kgrgn gntaz tazgr gr hg pravgo pravgoaf afgf gf y sekura sek urafgf fgf fe hg an animr imrcgo cgoaÿ aÿn n omn omniaf iafeno enoagh agh (Pe (Peter tersm smn n & [g [gtzh tzhgi, gi, 2075: 2075: [gt [gtzhg zhgi, i, \dm \dmu, u, Feghceafg y Dgrtcgn, 207;). Hms prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh feben omnsuhtgr omn eh miaoagh fe pravgoafgf m eh gsesmr hekgh fe su estgbheoacaentm fe prçotaog m anstghgoaÿn m om omns nsuh uhtg tgrr om omn n un pr prmi mies esam amng nghh an anfe fepe penf nfae aent nte. e. gses gsesmr mrãg ãg hekg hekghh sa estç estçn n en prço prçotataog og anfepenfaente u mtrg satugoaÿn fe ecphem m omntrgtgoaÿn pgrg gsekurgr que hms servaoams que branfgn g trgvás fe tehesghuf smn omnsastentes omn eh prmtmomhm y hgs rekuhgoamnes fe DAPGG. Iangnoagcaentm y reecbmhsm
Hg pmsaoaÿn fe GMVG es que hms servaoams fe tergpag moupgoamngh prmpmroamngfms g trgvás fe tehesghuf feben vghmrgrse, reomnmoerse y reecbmhsgrse fe hg cascg cgnerg que hms servaoams fe tergpag moupgoamngh branfgfms en persmng. En este Pmr esoratm, Cefaogre nm enuce enucerg rg g hms prm prmies iesam amngh nghes es fe ter tergpa gpag g mou moupgo pgoamn amngh gh omc omcm m prm prmvee veefmr fmres es ehe eheka kabhe bhess fe servaoams prestgfms g trgvás fe tehesghuf (Oentrms fe _ervaoams fe Cefaogre y Cefaogaf, 2079). _an ecbgrkm, GMVG gpmyg eh anohusaÿn fe prmiesamnghes fe tergpag moupgoamn moupgoamngh gh en hg hastg fe prmveefmres fe tehesghuf gprmbgfms pmr Cefaogre. hms Eh Fepgrtgcentm fe Feiensg fe hms EE. UU. Q hg Gfcanastrgoaÿn fe _ghuf fe Yetergnms utahazgn hg tehesghuf pgrg prmpmroamngr prmpmroamn gr servaoams fe tergpag, gsã omcm mtrms prmkrgcgs fe tehesghuf (Fepgrtgcentm fe Gsuntms fe Yetergnms Yetergnms fe EE. UU UU.,., san ieodg). Exasten mpmrtunafgfes fe reecbmhsm g trgvás fe ghkunms prmkrgcgs estgtghes fe Cefaogaf: hgs omcpg÷ãgs fe sekurms: fastratms esomhgres: y pgkm pravgfm omn anfavafums, gkenoags y mrkgnazgoamnes. mrkgnazgo amnes. _e reomcaenf reomcaenfg g que Hms prmiesamnghes fe tergpag moupgoamngh se omcunaogn omn su gkenoag estgtgh fe Cefaogaf u mtrms teroerms pgkgfmres pgrg fetercangr hgs pgutgs pgrg eh reecbmhsm fe hms servaoams prestgfms g trgvás fe tehesghuf. Gh igoturgr hms servaoams fe tergpag moupgoamngh prmpmroamngfms prmpmroamngfms pmr cefam fe tehesghuf tehesghuf,, es pmsabhe que se requaergn prmiesamnghes pgrg fastankuar eh cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams, g veoes fesakngfm omn un cmfaiaogfmr (Ogsmn y Brgnnmn, 2077:
Ra Raod odcm cmnf nf et gh., gh., 20 207; 7;). ). _a _an n ec ecbg bgrk rkm, m, an anfe fepe penf nfae aent ntec ecen ente te fe sa hms hms serv servao aoam amss smn smn reec reecbm bmhs hsgf gfms ms m sa eh pr prmi mies esam amng nghh estç estç re resp spmn mnsg sgbh bhe e fe omcp omcphe hetg tgrr hg fmou fmouce cent ntgo goaÿ aÿn n rehgoamngfg omn hg igoturgoaÿn, hg ngturghezg fe hg prestgoaÿn feh servaoam omcm reghazgfm g trgvás fe tehesghuf febe fmoucentgrse fmoucentgrse.. Resucen
Vehedeghtd es un cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams que utahazg teonmhmkãg fe animrcgoaÿn y omcunaogoaÿn omcunaogo aÿn prmiesamngh. pgrg entrekgrGMVG servaoams rehgoamngfms omn hg sghuf ougnfm eh ohaente estç g ung fastgnoag feh giarcg que hms prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh puefen usgr hgs VAO sãnormngs y gsãnormngs pgrg prmpmroamn prmpmroamngr gr evghugoamnes, omnsuhtgs, servaoam serv aoamss preve preventav ntavms ms y terg tergpáut páutaoms aoms pgrg ohaente ohaentess que estçn iãsaogce iãsaogcente nte fast fastgnte gntess feh prmiesamngh. Hms prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh que utahazgn hg tehesghuf omcm cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams feben oucphar omn tmfms hms estçnfgres y Hms requasatms pgrg hg prçotaog, anohuafm eh Oÿfakm fe Átaog fe hg Vergpag Moupgoamngh (GMVG, 2075g), cgntaenen eh Estçnfgres fe prçotaog pgrg tergpag moupgoamngh (GMVG, 20 2075 75b) b),, y ou oucp cphaharr om omn n hg hgss re reku kuhg hgoa oamn mnes es iefe ieferg rghe hess y estg estgtg tghe hess pgrg pgrg gsek gsekur urgr gr sus sus omcpetenoags omcm prmiesamnghes y eh baenestgr fe sus ohaentes. Hms prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh feben omnsafergr ouafgfmsgcente sa hg evghugoaÿn m antervenoaÿn g trgvás fe tehesghuf sgtasigrç celmr hgs neoesafgfes feh ohaente y prmpmroamngrç eh cátmfm cçs gprmpagfm pgrg prmpmroamngr servaoams fgfg hg satugoaÿn feh ohaente y hg ogpgoafgf y omcpetenoag feh prmiesamngh. Eh rgzmngcaentm ohãnaom y átaom kuãg hg seheooaÿn y gphaogoaÿn feh usm gprmpagfm fe tehesghuf pgrg evghugr y sgtasigoer hgs neoesafgfes feh ohaente.
Gpánfaoe G. Fesorapoaÿn kenergh fe hgs teonmhmkãgs fe tehesghuf Veonmhmkãgs sanorÿnaogs< vafemomnierenoag vafemomnierenoag
Hgs teonmhmkãgs sanorÿnaogs percaten eh anterogcbam fe animrcgoaÿn fe sghuf en taecpm regh (es feoar, en vavm) pmr cefam fe antergotavms gufam y vafem entre eh pgoaente m ohaente y un prmveefmr fe gtenoaÿn cáfaog ubaogfm en un satam fastgnte. Ygrams Dgy mpoamnes faspmnabhes pgrg pgrg eh smi smitwg twgre re fe vaf vafem emomn omnier ieren enoag oag omc omcpg pgtab tabhe he omn DAP DAPGG GG.. Iun Iunoam oamnes nes fe smi smitwg twgre re omcüncente utahazgfgs omn tehesghuf anohuyen omcpgrtar pgntghhg, gnmtgoaÿn en pgntghhg y odgt fe textm. Hgs ogrgoterãstaogs gfaoamnghes puefen anohuar omntrmh recmtm fe hg oçcgrg feh ohaente pgrg percatar que eh prmiesamngh fe tergpag moupgoamngh ogcbae hg oçcgrg çnkuhm m pgrg "goerogr" sekün seg neoesgram (omnsuhte hg Vgbhg G.7 pgrg mbtener ung fesorapoaÿn kenergh fe hgs VAO utahazgfgs en tehesghuf). Hgs ventglgs fe hgs VAO sanorÿnaogs anohuyen hg prmvasaÿn fe servaoams fentrm feh omntextm fmnfe hgs moupgoamne moupgoamness ngturghcente mourren (pmr elecphm, dmkgr, trgbglm, omcunafgf), requasatms cãnacms fe anirgestruoturg y cenmres omstms fe equapm y omneotavafgf omneotavafgf (pmr elecphm, phgn fe servaoam resafenoagh, phgn fe fgtms). Hgs fesventglgs puefen anohuar pravgoafgf, sekurafgf, y raeskms fe omniafenoaghafgf: ightg fe anirgestruoturg (pmr elecphm, gooesm hacatgfm g Anternet fe ghtg vehmoafgf / bgnfg gnodg: gnodm fe bgnfg angfeougfm pgrg hg omneotavafgf): kgstms reourrentes (pmr elecphm, phgn fe servaoam resafenoagh, phgn fe fgtms): smnafm fascanuafm m oghafgf fe acgken: y fesgiãms teonmhÿkaoms gsmoagfms omn hg experaenoag feh usugram iangh y experaenoag omn teonmhmkãg fe vafemomnierenoag vafemomnierenoag (Ogsmn, 2077: ver Vgbhg G.7).
Veonmhmkãgs gsanorÿnaogs
Gphaogoamnes fe tehesghuf que smn gsanorÿnaog Gphaogoamnes gsanorÿnaogs, s, omcüncen omcüncente te omnmoafgs omcm trgnscasaÿn fe fgt fgtms ms fe ghc ghcgoe goeng ngcae caentm ntm y ree reenvã nvãm, m, pue puefe fe anohu anohuar ar vaf vafem emoha ohaps, ps, acç acçken kenes es fak fakatg atghe hes, s, teonmhmk teon mhmkãgs ãgs vartu vartughes ghes y mtrg mtrgss imrc imrcgs gs fe omcu omcunaog naogoamn oamnes es eheo eheotrÿna trÿnaogs. ogs. Omn teonm teonmhmkã hmkãgs gs gsanorÿnaogs, eh prmveefmr y eh ohaente nm estçn omneotgfms gh cascm taecpm. Pmtenoagh Hgs gphaogoamnes fentrm fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh anohuyen evghugoamnes en eh dmkgr y reomc reo mcenf enfgoa goamne mness pg pgrg rg eh dmk dmkgr gr cmf cmfaia aiaogo ogoamn amnes es que se bgsgn bgsgn en fgtms fgtms krg krgbg bgfms fms feh entmr entmrnm nm feh dmk dmkgr: reo reomc mcen enfgo fgoam amnes nes pgrg pg rgsehgbgsgn ano anohus husaÿn aÿnfgtms fe rekastrgfms pra pranoa noapa pams ms erk erkmn ÿcaoms omsfey cmfaiaogoamnes fegr: hg estgoaÿn fe trgbglm que en fehmnÿca entmrnm trgbglm: y vasughazgoaÿn sekurg fe vafem e acçkenes fakatghes pgrg ianes fe evghugoaÿn e antervenoaÿn. Veonmhmkãgs que puefen ser sãnormngs m gsãnormngs Veonmhmkãgs fe Vehecmnatmrazgoaÿn
Hms prmiesamnghes prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh que branfgn servaoams g trgvás fe teonmhmkãgs fe teh tehes esghu ghuf f puefe puefen n gp gprmv rmveod eodgr gr fe fas faspms pmsata atavms vms fak fakatg atghe hess m cde cdeght ghtd d (sg (sghu huf f cÿ cÿvah vah). ). Est Estms ms anohuyen faspmsatavms pmrtçtahes (pmr elecphm, Gpphe [gtod, Iatbat) y faspmsatavms fmcástaoms (pmrr ele (pm elecph cphm, m, GCO De Degh ghtdo tdogre gre Om Omnsm nsmhe) he) qu que e per percat caten en g hms hms prm prmies iesam amngh nghes es fe ter tergpa gpag g moupgoamngh moupgoam ngh cmnatmregr y pmsteramrcen pmsteramrcente te prmpmroamngr servaoams en entmrnms vgragfms. Estgs te teon onmh mhmk mkãg ãgss pr prmp mpmr mroa oamn mngn gn an anim imrc rcgo goaÿ aÿn n qu que e pe perc rcatate e g hms hms prmi prmies esam amng nghe hess fe terg tergpa pag g moupgoamngh moupgoam ngh iuerg feh satam evghugr eh fesecpe÷m y cmfaiaogr hms servaoams y cefam gcbaente. Hgs teonmhmkãgs fe tehecmnatmrazgoaÿn tgcbaán percaten g hms prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh omcprenfer hgs moupgoamnes fe hg vafg regh y hms fesgiãms fe fesecpe÷m feh ohaente y phgnaiaogr antervenoamnes gprmpagfgs. Omcm resuhtgfm,hms prmiesamnghes puefen gfgptgr gfg ptgr hgs gfg gfgptgoa ptgoamnes mnes gcba gcbaentg entghes hes pgrg ohaente ohaentess omn haca hacatgoam tgoamnes nes iãsao iãsaogs gs m puef puefen en fesgrrmhhgr sastecgs fe se÷ghazgoaÿn bgsgfms en teonmhmkãg anfavafughazgfms pgrg ohaentes omn fasogpgoafgfes omknatavgs pgrg que puefgn vavar cçs anfepenf anfepenfaentecente. aentecente. Veonmhmkãgs fe sensmres
Hgs teonmhmkãgs fe sensmres feteotgn y respmnfen g hgs entrgfgs m estãcuhms fe un anfavafum m feh entmrnm iãsaom. Hgs teonmhmkãgs fe sensmres anohuyen ghkunms faspmsatavms fakatghes m fe sghuf (p. El., Faspmsatavms pmrtçtahes), sastecgs fe luekm, reghafgf vartugh (YR), reghafgf gucentgfg, gucentgfg, Anternet fe hgs omsgs y entmrnms gcbaentgh gcbaentghes es y persmnghes acpuhsg acpuhsgfms fms pmr sensmres. teonmhmkãgs guxahagres (pmr elecphm, Ghexg g trgvás fe Eodm y Eodm Fmt fe Gcgzmn, Dmce y Dmce Cana fe Kmmkhe). Gunque eh usm tãpaom fe hgs teonmhmkãg teonmhmkãgss fe sensmres nm omnstatuye un cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams fe tehesghuf, hms fgtms en vavm (sãnormnm) trgnscatafm g un prmiesamngh fe tergpag moupgoamngh recmtm m fgtms krgbgfms (gsãnormnm) utahazgfms utahazgfms pmr un prmiesamngh fe tergpag moupgoamngh pgrg cmnatmregr y glustgr eh oursm fe trgtgcaentm fe un ohaente omnstatuarãg Eh usm fe teonmhmkãgs fe sensmres fentrm fe un cmf cmfehm ehm fe pre prestg stgoaÿ oaÿn n fe ser servao vaoams ams fe teh tehesg esghu huf. f. Hms prm prmies iesamn amngh ghes es pue puefen fen usg usgr r teonmhmkãgs fe sensmres fentrm fe un cmfehm fe prestgoaÿn fe servaoams fe tehesghuf gh prmpmr prm pmroa oamng mngrr ant anterv erven enoam oamne nes, s, prm prmkrg krgcgs cgs fe el elero eroaoa aoams ms en eh dmk dmkgr gr m omn omnsuh suhtmr tmrãg ãg en hg oregoaÿn fe un "dmkgr antehakente" pgrg gucentgr hg anfepenfenoag y eh renfacaentm en faversms omntextms. Hg reghafgf vartugh kenerghcente se reiaere gh usm fe sacuhgoamnes antergotavgs oregfgs omn dgrfwgre y smitwgre fe omcputgfmrg pgrg presentgr g hms usugrams mpmrtunafgfes mpmrtunafg fes pgrg pgrtaoapgr en entmrnms que pgreoen y se saenten sacahgres gh cunfm regh mbletms y eventms. Hms prmiesamnghes fe hg tergpag moupgoamngh puefen usgr un cmfehm fe prestg pre stgoaÿ oaÿn n fe ser servao vaoams ams fe teh tehesg esghu huf f omn Veo Veonmh nmhmkã mkãgs gs fe reg reghahafgf fgf vartug vartughh gh reg reghaz hazgr gr
evghugoamnes y prmpmroamn evghugoamnes prmpmroamngr gr antervenoamnes. Vehesghuf omcbangfg omn Hg reghafgf vartugh se dg utahazgfm en hg redgbahatgoaÿn feh gooafente oerebrmvgsouhgr oerebrmvgsouhgr (Omrbettg, Acera y Kgtta, 2075: FeHuog et gh., 207;: Hgver et gh., 207;: Ygnbehhanken, Iahaus, Nyiieher y Ygn [eken, 207;), evghu evg hugoa goaÿn ÿn pgrg pgrg oha ohaent entes es omn he hesaÿ saÿn n oer oerebr ebrgh gh trg trguc ucçta çtaog og utahaz utahazgnf gnfm m entmr entmrnm nmss vartug vartughe hess (Hgcgrkue-Dgceh (Hgcgrkue-D gceh et gh., 2075: [rakdt et gh., 2079), ogpgoatgoa ogpgoatgoaÿn ÿn fe usugrams fe pmfer sahhg sahhgss fe rue ruefgs fgs (Nun (Nunne nerhe rhey, y, Kup Kuptg, tg, _neh _nehhh y Ja Jank, nk, 207;: 207;: _uka _ukatg tg et gh. gh.,, 207 2072), 2), y pgr pgrg g redgbahatgoaÿn fe ohaentes omn hg eniercefgf fe Pgrjansmn (Ghbamh-Párez et gh., 2074) y hesamnes hgsog cgnms Ngkdfy, Ngkdfy, 2074: Qed etfmgh.,_w 207;). _ast _a stec ecgs gsenfe ogpt ptur urg g (Dugnk, fe va vafe fem m fe bg bglm lm om omstm stmFu,(pmr (p&mrVmff, elec elecph phm, m, Na Nant nten enfm _wat atod od,, _m _mny ny Ph Phgy_ gy_tgta tgtamn mn CMY CMYE E y Ph Phgy_ gy_tgt tgtam amn n Hg Ph Phgtg gtgimr imrcg cg fe reg reghahafgf fgf vartug vartugh) h) nm se fesgr fesgrrmh rmhhÿ hÿ espeoãiao espe oãiaogcen gcente te pgrg hg redg redgbah bahatgoa atgoaÿn, ÿn, perm mireoe ung ghte ghterngta rngtavg vg içoa içoahh fe omni omniakur akurgr, gr, favertafg y cenms omstmsg g hms omstmsms sastecgs fe reghafgf vartugh. Gunque eh usm tãpaom fe hm hmss sas sastec tecgs gs fe lu luekm ekm nm omn omnsta statuy tuye e teh tehesg esghu huf, f, hms fgt fgtms ms en vav vavm m (sanor (sanorÿn ÿnaom aoms) s) se trgnscaten g ung tergpag moupgoamngh recmtg prmiesamngh m fgtms krgbgfms (gsãnormnms) utahazgfms pmr un prmiesamngh pgrg cmnatmregr y glustgr eh oursm fe un ohaente fe trgtgcaentm omnstatuarãg ung gphaogoaÿn fe tehesghuf fe hms faspmsatavms.
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