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 C`tk`egkcs n` ic  Hkhikc   Hkhikc    Cpcrn`tns Me`trcdkmmke`ns n` ic Hkhikc

-C`tk`egkcs n` ic Hkhikc2 MË]CX ZCXNDN] -Ic Ninmmký`/Zrndnstk`cmký` y ic @nmnskdcd  @nmnskdcd  dn u` Nqukikhrke Tneiýlkme2 HEH ^TIN[  -Ic Zrndnstk`cmký` (Mcivk`ksge) me`trc ni  ni  Ikhrn Cihndrçe (Crgk`kc`ksge)2 HEH ^TIN[   -Ni Nqukikhrke n` ics Demtrk`cs sehrn ic  ic  ]civcmký`2 MÃXIE] GCXS^NR -38 Zu`tes pcrc N`tn`dnr ies prk`mkpcins  prk`mkpcins  Zcmtes Hçhikmes2 GKAN _ICMF 

IC HKHIKC DKMN2 

3nrc c Tnscie`kmn`sns >283  

Nxcgk`cdie tede1 rntn`nd ie hun`e.

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C@TK@EGKC] N@ IC HKHIKC Ic Hkhikc  me`tkn`n u`c lrc` mc`tkdcd dn pcrcdebcs e c`tk`egkcs qun `e pednges rnseivnr. Ni Hkhikc me`tkn`n c`tk`egkc  prevkn`n dni lrknle ἊητΥ   c`tk-, (me`trc (me`trc),), y ηωιεψ  `eges , (iny iny)1)1 vkn`n c snr u` vemchie c`tk`egkc tërgk`e ngpincde me` ornmun`mkc n` iýlkmc pcrc dn`etcr ie qun ns u`c pcrcdebc e u`c cpcrn`tn  cpcrn`tn  me`trcdkmmký` sk` seiumký`. Dkmn ic N`mkmiepndkc K`tnr`cmke`ci ]tc`dcrd dn ic Hkhikc (K]HN K]HN)) qun u`c dn nscs c`tk`egkcs  dnsprn`dkdcs dn ic Hkhikc ns ni fnmfe dn, mýge Dkes pundn snr ikhrn , sk tedes ]us cmtes fc` skde dnmkr, dntnrgk`cdes dkspunstes tedcs ics mescs pcrc mýge qun tn`lc` suDkes  (ns dnmk prn-erdk`cdes prn-erdk`cdes ( ch cntnr`e , snrçc pundn nonmte n` ies tkngpes qunr,ins pnrtn`nmn` ),ydnsdn ic ntnr`kdcd. Etrc c`tk`egkc snr buste, sk u`es pemes fc` skde nsmelkdes y gumfes dnbcdes dn icde. Dn kluci oergc, u`c `unvc  pcrcdebc (nste ns, u`c cokrgcmký` k`vnresçgki e chsurdc, qun sn prnsn`tc me` cpcrkn`mkcs dn vnrdcdnrc ), csegc n` muc`te c, mýge pundn ni feghrn snr ikhrn, sk su mcrãmtnr gerci premndn dn ic lrcmkc sehnrc`c1 yc qun sk Dkes nsmeln c tedes e dnbc c tedes dn icde, Ëi `e fcrçc `cdc buste e lrcmkese (dn lrcmkc) csç mege ni feghrn tcgpeme tn`drçc `k`lò` vnstklke dn ikhnrtcd. 

Zcrc dcr rnspunstc c nstc prnsu`mký` dn nxkstn`mkc dn pcrcdebcs n` ic Hkhikc dnhnges rnonrkr`es  ci fnmfe dn qun nstcges trctc`de u` prehingc dnsdn des pic`es dkstk`tes. Fchicr dn ntnr`kdcd ntnr`kdcd   n` Dkes seie ns peskhin sk tegcges n` mun`tc ni me`mnpte tnrrn`ci dn tkngpe  ns n` tkngpe.. Ic ntnr`kdcd ntnr`kdcd ns u` sn`tkde ctngperci , , perqun `e pundn tn`nr megkn`ze `k ok`. ok`. Ni tkngpe , per ni me`trcrke, `e ns  ntnr`e sk`e ntnr`e  sk`e me` prk`mkpke y ok`. ok`. Zer etre icde, ni tkngpe tkngpe nstã  nstã iklcde ci nspcmke nspcmke dn  dn cmunrde c ic  oçskmc.. Ies csu`tes dn Dkes pundn` iicgcrsn gntcoçskmes , ies dni feghrn se` oçskmes oçskmc oçskmes.. Me` nste n` gn`tn, ic ikhnrtcd dn Dkes pundn snr vkstc mege u` csu`te dn nsmeln`mkc nsmeln`mkc.. Dkes  dnmkdký u` nvn`te y n` nsc n sc gndkdc fc nsmelkde nsmelkde (dnsdn  (dnsdn ic ntnr`kdcd) ntnr`kdcd) qun cile sumndknsn n` `unstrc fksterkc. ]u ikhrn dnmkský` `e dnmkský` `e pundn tegcrsn mege ic mcusc dn mcusc dn su mcrn`mkc dn ikhnrtcd  ikhnrtcd  pcrc kgpndkr qun iinlun c cme`tnmnr ie qun yc dnmrntý dnmrntý.. Dn ie me`trcrke nstcrçcges buzlc`de c Dkes dn cmunrde ci prk`mkpke dn k`mnrtkdughrn k`mnrtkdughrn22 sk ns ikhrn n`te`mns `e dnmrntc, sk dnmrntc n`te`mns `e ns ikhrn.

d kmn qun2 Rn`ý` ns me`emkde tcghkë` per u`c guy mëinhrn pcrcdebc, snlò` ic muci `es dkmn ni trcsicde dn u` ehbnte dnsdn ni pu`te C fcmkc ni pu`te H kgpikmc pcscr prkgnre per ni pu`te M1  pnre iinlcr c M prnsupe`n pcscr c`tns per D, y csç sumnskvcgn`tn y fcstc ni k`ok`kte. N` etres tërgk`es, sk dn C c H fcy u` gntre dn dkstc`mkc, ns `nmnscrke pcscr c`tns per ic gktcd (gndke gntre)1 iunle, pcrc iinlcr ci gndke gntre dnhe pcscr prkgnre per ic gktcd dn ic gktcd (u` mucrte dn gntre). Mege n`trn 3 y 8 fcy k`ok`ktcs gktcdns (e tcghkë` k`ok`ktes dnmkgcins), dnhe fcmnr k`ok`ktes rnmerrkdes c`tns dn iinlcr dn 3 c 8. @e ehstc`tn, n` ni gu`de prãmtkme ye dey u` scite dn u` gntre dn icrle y pcse dn C c H sk` `k`lò` k`me`vn`kn`tn. Nse sumndn me` muciquknr pcrcdebc , cile qun gcrcvkiic2 qun qun ic rczý` `e ielrc rnseivnr ie qun n`   u` pic`e iýlkme ns iýlkme ns kgpeskhin, c pnscr dn qun me` ic prclgãtkmc* dn ic cmmký` snc peskhin. Iinlcr c me`miukr qun Dkes `e nxkstn perqun u`c prepeskmký` iýlkmc gn csnlurc c gç qun fcy u`c c`tk`egkc n` ic gc`nrc mege me`mkhe c nsn Dkes , pundn snr sngnbc`tn c `nlcr qun ns peskhin iinlcr dn C c H , dn cmunrde c ic pcrcdebc dn Rn`ý`. @etc2 prclgctksge*2 skstngc okiesýokme, qun sýie cmnptc mege mrktnrke dn vnrdcd, ies nonmtes prãmtkmes dn u` me`emkgkn`te.  8

 

]k Dkes pesnn ikhnrtcd n` rnicmký` c u`c cmmký` (e dnmrnte) dnpn`dn dn qun tn`lc ni pednr dn nsmelnr cmtucr e ni pednr dn `e cmtucr. Ns dnmkr, Dkes tkn`n ni pednr dn dnmrntcr e `e dnmrntcr. Fcstc cferc tede pcrnmn `ergci1 sk` nghcrle,  sn pedrçc sestn`nr qun, mege Dkes nsmeln skngprn ie gnber, n` n ` vkrtud dn su schkdurçc y hn`nvein`mkc,   hn`nvein`mkc, sus dnmrntes se` `nmnscrkes y `e me`tk`ln`tns (nste ns, qun pundn sumndnr e `e sumndnr). Ni fnmfe dn qun ie dnmrntcde snc `nmnscrke ns u`c mcgksc dn ounrzc qun in rnstc ikhnrtcd dn cmmký`, yc qun `e pundn nsmelnr `e dnmrntcr `k rncikzcr u` dnmrnte dkstk`te, dcde qun skngprn nsmelnrã ie qun snc gnber pcrc su prepýskte, ëtkmc y gerci. N`te`mns, dn cmunrde c nstn rcze`cgkn`te, per ni fnmfe  dn qun Dkes skngprn nstã ehiklcde c fcmnr ie qun ns gercign`tn hun`e pcrc Ëi gksge, Dkes `e tkn`n ikhnrtcd dn fcmnr ni gci. Mrne qun ic okieseoçc me`ou`dn ni qun Dkes fclc ni gci me` ni qun Dkes pnqun, per nse dnhnges snpcrcr nstes des me`mnptes.

^`c mesc ns qun Dkes fcyc mrncde ni gci (fkze ci dkchie, ci gcie pcrc ni dçc gcie, mrnc ic iuz y   ics tk`knhics, fcmn ic cdvnrskdcd y n`vçc nspçrktus dn gn`tkrc c sus preontcs), pnre etrc mesc guy dkstk`tc ns qun Dkes pnqun e sn rnhnin me`trc Ëi gksge. Dkes n` su schkdurçc `e fcrã u`c iny n` ic qun sn ehiklun c tn`tcr y c snr tn`tcde, puns seie n` vkrtud dn ehndnmnr nsc iny pnmcrçc. Znre cò` n` nstn me`tnxte ic okieseoçc eivkdc qun sk Dkes pnmc per u` dnmrnte prepke, n` rncikdcd `e pnmc  per muc`te `e dnsehndnmn su gc`dcte. Nstn ns ni chsurde n` qun sn mcn me` nstes pn`scgkn`tes mcrlcdes dn c`tk`egkcs. Zer nse, ic supunstc ocitc dn ikhnrtcd dn Dkes n` muc`te c sus dnmrntes emupc u` nspcmke dn   rnictkvkdcd n` ies crlugn`tes, ie muci prnsupe`drçc u` tepes crlugn`tctkve dkonrn`tn pcrc mcdc  cmtkvkdcd c`tk`ýgkmc. Nste gn rnmunrdc ni rcze`cgkn`te serktns (qun ns ocicz) snlò` ni muci u`c  snrkn dn cme`tnmkgkn`tes me`mctn`cdes (nste ns, n`iczcdes), n` ni dksmurse gn me`dumn c me`miukr qun cquniie qun ns gcie ns rncign`tn hun`e hun`e.. serktns (lrknle2 ge`tý`)2 tedc pcrcdebc hcscdc n` ic vclundcd dn ies tërgk`es dni in`lucbn erdk`crke (µMu (µMuã`tes ã`tes mchniies ns `nmnscrke pnrdnr pcrc qun u` feghrn sn qundn mcive5). Ctrkhukdc c Nuhòikdns dn Gnlcrc, sn prnlu`tc2 "µmuã`tes lrc`es dn trkle se` `nmnscrkes pcrc me`stktukr u` ge`tý` (serktns)5"

Zer nbngpie2 ^` feghrn hnhn gumfcs mepcs dn ikmer y sn ngherrcmfc, pnre tkn`n qun mruzcr u`

rçe. K`tn`tc sn trepknzc1 ci trepnzcrme`emn sn leipnc  leipnc me`n`onrgnrc u`c pkndrc y sn fknrn. Ie rnmeln` y ie pcscr iinvc`in`tcgn`tn ci fespktci1y durc`tn ni trctcgkn`te  c u`c y sn n`cgerc`.  Ok`cign`tn sklun hnhkn`de n` dngcsçc perqun dnsmuhrký qun hnhnr ns hun`e, yc qun nse me`dumn c me`emnr ci cger dn su vkdc. Dnmkr qun perqun Dkes `e ns ikhrn `e nxkstn -yc qun `nmnscrkcgn`tn fc nsmelkde ni dnmrnte   `nmnscrke- ns mege csugkr qun ngherrcmfcrsn snc hun`e perqun pe rqun `es iinvc c me`emnr ci cger dn ic vkdc. Zer ni me`trcrke, sk Dkes `e nsmeln ni dnmrnte cdnmucde (perqun ns ikhrn dn nsmelnr u`e  gn`es hun`e) n`te`mns me`miukges qun `e ns suokmkn`tngn`tn schke, per ie tc`te `e ns Dkes e `e  nxkstn. Ns dnmkr, `unstrc prepeskmký` ik`lùçstkmc n`mcskiic me` pcichrcs ni fcmnr dn Dkes qukn` ns ni cuter dni in`lucbn. Me` ic in`luc y ic iýlkmc pednges me`miukr qun ni Dkes qun ns ni Ieles dnsdn ni prk`mkpke `e nxkstn. Nste tcghkë` gn rnmunrdc ic miãskmc pcrcdebc rnicmke`cdc me` ni pednr dn Dkes Dkes.. =

 

]k Dkes ns Tedepednrese, µpedrã fcmnr u`c pkndrc tc` pnscdc, tc` pnscdc, qun Ëi gksge `e ic  pundc invc`tcr5 ]k `e ic pundn invc`tcr `e ns Tedepednrese y sk ic invc`tc `e pundn fcmnric tc`   pnscdc, per ie muci tcgpeme ns Tedepednrese. Hkn`, pednges rnspe`dnr qun Dkes ns muctre vnmns Tedepednrese , puns2 3) pundn fcmnric1 8) pundn `e fcmnric1 =) pundn invc`tcric1 invc`tcric1 4) pundn `e invc`tcric invc`tcric.. Ic rnspunstc nstã n` ic in`luc perqun ic prepeskmký` tcghkë` nstã n` ic in`luc. Ni  fnmfe dn qun Dkes pundn `e invc`tcric ie fcmn tedepednrese cò` n` sus mcrn`mkcs, puns csç mege ni skielksge prep eskmke`ns, ic òitkgc dn ics mucins sn dndumn  `nmnscrkcgn`tn dn ics etrcs (crlugn`te qun me`stc dn trns prepeskmke`ns, des) prepunste ns u` csu`te dn in`lucbn, ic seiumký` `e tkn`n qun nsmc`dcikzcrsn dn ic in`luc sk`e n`me`trcr n` niic ic seiumký`.

_ncges quë `es dkmn ic Nsmrkturc n` muc`te ci fnmfe dn qun Dkes nsmeln c u`es pcrc vkdc ntnr`c y c etres pcrc me`dn`cmký` ntnr`c. ntnr`c. Dkes `e sn nsme`dn me` vnrlùn`zc perqun `e dnsnc qun sn nsmc`dcikmn` dn ie qun fcmn. Ci me`trcrke, dnscoçc ci feghrn ehbnter y in dkmn qun `cdc pundn fcmnr me`trc su dnmrnte, puns cò` nsc kgpetn`mkc pcrc mcghkcr ie dnmrntcde fc skde k`miukdc n` su dnmrnte ntnr`e n k`gutchin. N` rnicmký` c ic bustkmkc e k`bustkmkc me` qun cmtòc, tede dnpn`dn dni pcrãgntre pcrc buzlcr. ]k ni   rcsnre nsdnmicrcr ]u sc`tkdcd `cdkn pundn cinlcr `cdc c sunsc prepke ocver, n` ic dksmrkgk`cmký` fnmfc ci sc`tes c u`es n kgpures c etres, dnm dnmkský` kský` ns sk ]unstã veiu`tcd ikhrn y nokmcz. Ni feghrn nstã budkmkcign`tn megpregntkde me` Dkes Dkes , , pnre Dkes `e tkn`n c `cdkn c`tn qukn` rnspe`dnr per fchnr fnmfe ci gu`de dn u`c u etrc gc`nrc1 ëi fkze c Bcmeh y c Nscò dn ic gksgc gcsc dn hcrre1 c u`e cgý dnsdn ic ntnr`kdcd y c etre cherrnmký dnsdn ic ntnr`kdcd, c`tns dn qun fkmknsn` hkn` e gci. Ni qun `esetres vncges ic me`dn`cmký` dn Nscò mege u` fnmfe buste perqun n` ic fksterkc cmtuý kgpçcgn`tn `e rnsunivn ni prehingc gntcoçskme me`trc Dkes Dkes.. Znre ni Dkes `e rnmicgc `cdc c  su ocver, `k sn nxmusc n` ni fnmfe budkmkci. ]kgpingn`tn dnmicrc qun ni feghrn `e ns `cdkn pcrc citnrmcr me` Ëi , , y nxpe`n su dnrnmfe dn Ciocrnre pcrc fcmnr dn ic gksgc gcsc u` vcse pcrc fe`rc y etre pcrc dnsfe`rc dnsfe`rc.. N` etres Ic tërgk`es, Dkes `e rnspe`dn c`tn `cdkn perqun `e tkn`n bunz kluci e supnrker c`tn , qukn` fcmnrie. sn uoc`c n` husmcr n` ies fnmfes pnre   iýlkmc crlugn`tctkvc c`tk`egkcs tneiýlkmes , tneiýlkmes ic Hkhikc `e prnsn`tc pcrcdebcs `k gkstnrkes krrnseiutes. Ic Hkhikc dnmicrc ie qun Dkes fc rnvnicde dn ]ç gksge y n` nsc rnvnicmký` `e fcy `k u`c seic pcrcdebc pcrcdebc.. [c schnges qun c pnscr dn ie dkmfe  per Rn`ý` , qun tnýrkmc y gctngãtkmcgn`tn ns kgpeskhin iinlcr dni pu`te C c H , pnre n` ic prãmtkmc ns skgpingn`tn u` csu`te dn nmfcr c c`dcr. Ie gksge sumndn me` ic okieseoçc qun k`tn`tc n`mcskiicr c Dkes n` sus dnmrntes y ikhnrtcdns, n` sus cmtes ntnr`es bustes e k`bustes. N` ic prãmtkmc Dkes rnspe`dn qun ni feghrn `e ns `cdc y ns mege gn`es qun `cdc pcrc qun ie n`mcskiin me` ies crlugn`tes qun Ëi gksge in fc hrk`dcde, lrcmkcs c ic mcpcmkdcd dn in`lucbn eterlcdc c ic fugc`kdcd n` ic mrncmký` dni feghrn. Ni Ieles ntnr`e qun fc nxkstkde dnsdn ni prk`mkpke `e sn n`rndc me` ies skielksges (nste ns, u` crlugn`te qun me`stc dn trns prepeskmke`ns, ic òitkgcrndumkr dn ics mucins sn dndumn `nmnscrkcgn`tn dn ics etrcs  des ),  ), dn sus mrkcturcs rnhnidns qun prntn`dn` c prepeskmke`ns iýlkmcs  su k`nxkstn`mkc. 4

 

ME@ IC HKHIKC  HKHIKC  Mrkste rnoknrn ni mcse dn des mkudcdns, Merczç` y Hntfsckdc (GctU332831 IumU3:23=), dkmkn`de qun sk n` niics sn fuhknsn` fnmfe ies gkiclres qun sn fc` fnmfe n` Bnruscië` gumfes sn fchrçc`  crrnpn`tkde. ]k` nghcrle, schnges qun `e fkze `k`lò` gkiclre n` nscs mkudcdns, per ie tc`te `e sn crrnpk`tknre`. Nstn crlugn`te prnsupe`n qun Dkes `e qukse fcmnr tcins gkiclres, pnre `e  `nmnscrkcgn`tn qun `e pude. µNstc ikhnrtcd dn Dkes n` epnrcmký` (fcmnr (fcmnr e `e fcmnr) fcmnr) ie fcmn  gercign`tn gn`es dkl`e5  

µNi nbnrmkmke dn su chseiutc e su mcpcmkdcd fcmnr ie qun ns sehnrc`çc hn`nvein`mkc gercign`tn merrnmte, dn cmunrde c ]u ikgktc prepkcsuëtkmc5 ë tkmc5 Zcrc dcr rnspunstc c nstcspcrc k`qukntudns tn`nges qun pcrtkr dni fnmfe dn qun sk Dkes sn ikgktc n` fcmnr gkiclres qun k`veiumrn` crrnpn`tkgkn`te, `e ns perqun su ikgktcmký` kgpikqun gn`es pednr `k gn`es gercikdcd, sk`e per ni nbnrmkmke nxpiçmkte dn u` pic` e dnmrnte ntnr`e tcghkë` schke y hn`ëveie pcrc me` sus ninlkdes.. ninlkdes Bnsumrkste erý ci Zcdrn y in dkbe qun suspn`dknrc ic mepc qun fchrçc dn hnhnr, sk nste ounrn   peskhin, pnre ic rnspunstc dni Zcdrn oun me`tk`ucr me` ni pic`. Dn nstc cmmký` sn dnrkvc qun2 Dkes es `e tn`çc etrc peskhkikdcd (per ie tc`te nstchc sk` ic ikhnrtcd dn suspn`dnr su pic`)1 3) Dk 8) Dk Dkes es cmtuý cmtuý per me`snmun`mkc dn su gercikdcd, puns ni ehbntkve ok`ci nrc gestrcr su cger n` ic rndn`mký` (u` vcier gerci supnrker)1 =) Dkes oun ikhrn pcrc pcrc nbnrmnr su gercikdcd gercikdcd supnrker, pnre nsc nsc ninmmký` `e prnsupe`n qun `e ounsn ikhrn dn `e tegcric. tegcric. Ni csu`te cmã nstrkhc n` qun Dkes ns u` snr chseiutcgn`tn krrnspe`schin. Dkes `e rnspe`dn c`tn  `cdkn perqun `e tkn`n kluci `k supnrker y ic rnspe`schkikdcd ie ns skngprn orn`tn c u` n`tn qun   dngc`dc ni mugpikgkn`te dn u` gc`dcte e me`dumtc. µSukë` oun su me`snbnre5 µSukë` ns ni qun in dkmn, npc, quë fcmns5 Ic nvkdn`mkc hçhikmc `es dngunstrc qun tede ie qun emurrn n` ni gu`de sumndn hcbe ni n i  dntnrgk`cde me`snbe y me`emkgkn`te c`tkmkpcde dn Dkes. Dkes. Ie qun Dkes schn qun vc c emurrkr ie   schn n` vkrtud dn qun ie dnmrntý e pic`kokmý. IC NVZIKMCMKE@ TXCDKMKE@CI  TXCDKMKE@CI  Trcdkmke`cign`tn sn fc prntn`dkde dnon`dnr c Dkes per cquniie qun ni feghrn `cturci me`skdnrc k`buste n` Ëi Ëi.. Dn ic gksgc oergc sn fc prntn`dkde dnsik`dcr c Dkes dn ic nxkstn`mkc dni pnmcde y cò` dn ]ctc`ãs ]ctc`ãs.. Nstn dnsik`dn dnbc u` nspcmke pcrc sespnmfcr qun fuhe u` nrrer n` ni Mrncder , , per ie muci ic okieseoçc sn prnlu`tc quë tc` pednrese e tc` eg`ksmkn`tn pundn snr u` Dkes qun n`  iulcr dn fcmnr nstn gu`de dnhký fchnr fnmfe etre gnber. Me`trcrke c ic nxpeskmký` tneiýlkmc trcdkmke`ci, Dkes `e cinlc qun `e snc ni cuter dni pnmcde pnmcde11  tcgpeme sn dkstc`mkc dn ics mcuscs dn ies nvn`tes hun`es e gcies qun tkn`n` iulcr n` ]u u`kvnrse. Dkes `e tkn`n qun nsme`dnrsn n` ics mcuscs snmu`dcrkcs, sk`e qun gãs hkn` csugn su pcrtkmkpcmký` n` ies fnmfes gcies. Ic Hkhikc `es rnictc qun `e cme`tnmn `cdc gcie n` n ` ic mkudcd sk` qun Bnfevã ie fcyc fnmfe (Cgýs (Cgýs =2?)1 =2?)1 tcghkë` `es dkmn qun `cdkn pundn rnskstkr c ]u veiu`tcd (Xegc`es (Xegc`es ;23;) ;23;) per ie muci schnges qun ni feghrn `e ns ikhrn. ikhrn. >

 

Dkes `e `es fc dnbcde nstes csu`tes mege gkstnrke nsme`dkde, e mege pcrcdebc krrnseiuhin1 gãs   hkn` fc scikde scikde c ic pcinstrc me` su rnvnicmký` dkmkë`de`es qun seicgn`tn seicgn`tn Ëi ns Dkes y `cdc fcy  sngnbc`tn c Ëi , , qun c`u`mkc ie per vn`kr dnsdn ni prk`mkpke, y dnsdn c`tklue ie qun cu` `e nrc  fnmfe1 qun dkmn qun ]u me`snbe pnrgc`nmnrã pcrc skngprn y qun fcrã ie qun Ëi quknrc (Kscçcs (Kscçcs 4?2  ;-33).). ;-33 Ni Dkes dn ic Hkhikc sklun sk` dnbcr `cdc ci gkstnrke1 csnlurc qun Ëi oergc ic iuz y mrnc ics  tk`knhics, fcmn ic pcz y mrnc ni gci ( oergc`s  oergc`s iumng nt mrnc`s tn`nhrcs ocmk ocmkn`s n`s pcmng nt mrnc`s gciug nle Degk`us ocmkn`s eg`kc fcnm) -Kscçcs -Kscçcs 4>2?. 4>2?. Ëi ns u` Dkes dnscokc`tn y `e sn k`gutc c`tn sus mrkcturcs muc`de ie gci pe`n` me` ni crlugn`te dn qun ni gci ns u` gkstnrke, e dn qun ni dkchie ns etre gkstnrke. @k ni gci `k ni gcikl`e se` nrrerns dkvk`es1 tcgpeme surlknre` pcrc tegcr per serprnsc ci Mrncder dn tede muc`te nxkstn. Ic Nsmrkturc `e emuitc ni fnmfe dn qun Dkes ns qukn` fc mrncde tede muc`te fcy y Dkes gksge csugn n` oergc dkrnmtc sus fnmfes. Znre nste `e fcmn c Dkes u` ]nr pcrcdýbkme, gãs hkn` ns u` snr guy mrkstcik`e sk` `k`lu`c me`trcdkmmký` e me`ouský`. me `ouský`. Tede ie fc fnmfe Dkes pcrc su lierkc, mege sn dnsprn`dn dni prepýskte pre pýskte dn fchnr oergcde c  y etre pcrc ic lierkc dn su krc y bustkmkc. Bcmeh y c Nscò Nscò11 u`e pcrc ic lierkc dn su cger cger y bustkmkc. Zer nse ni  fnmfe   scigkstc dnbý su tnstkge`ke per nsmrkte2 [ `unstre Dkes nstã n` ies mknies2 Tede ie qun qukse fc fnmfe (]cige 33>2=). 33>2=). Ni nvn`te dn ic scivcmký` dni feghrn nstã redncde dn u`c snrkn me`tk`uc dn pnmcdes per pcrtn dn qukn`ns mrumkokmcre` c Bnsòs Bnsòs.. Tedes nses cmtes ounre` prnpcrcdes dn   c`tngc`e per ni Zcdrn , yc qun ies preontkzý dnsdn sklies ctrãs. Ni fnmfe gksge dn qun Mrkste  nstuvknsn prnpcrcde dnsdn c`tns dn ic ou`dcmký` dni gu`de (ns dnmkr, dnsdn c`tns dn qun Cdã`  nxkstknrc e pnmcrc), fcmn supe`nr y csugkr qun ni pnmcde dn Cdã` nrc k`nvktchin per muc`te nsc  nrc ic veiu`tcd dni Mrncder. Mrncder. Dkes `e sn gc`nbc me` pic`ns H , sk`e qun sus dnmrntes se` chseiutes , per ie tc`te `e sn dc ni iube dn dnbcr `cdc c ic dnrkvc yc qun tede ie fc pic`kokmcde mege u` ]nr schke. Ns mknrte qun c gumfes dn ies gercderns dn ic tknrrc, nse `e ins lustc y `e ins pcrnmn buste, pnre dn ic gksgc gc`nrc pcrtkmkpc` dni gci me` mknrte clrcde. Zer nse snócic ic Hkhikc qun tedes ies gercderns dn ic tknrrc per `cdc se` me`tcdes  me`tcdes (`e tkn`n` `k`lu`c rnputcmký`, mege dkmn ic _uilctc Ictk`c), n` Dc`kni 42=>. 42=>. Dkes `es prnsn`tc gumfcs dn sus ocmntcs, pnre `k`lu`c c`tk`egkc e me`trcdkmmký` n` ]ç gksge. gksge.

Ni qun ci feghrn `e in lustn ]u mmegkdc egkdc `e kgpikmc qun `e sn ic megc1 pundn fchicr gci dn ic  prunhc. gksgc pnre perqun fchic sn prnsugn qun ic prunhc. ***

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TNGC N]ZNMKCI2 IC NINMMKÝ@ /ZXNDN]TK@CMKÝ@ [ IC @NMN]KDCD DN ^@ NS^KIKHXKE TNEIÝLKME  Ic ninmmký` ns u`c demtrk`c gcrcvkiiesc. ]k` ] k` nghcrle, ¡`e ns u` iicgcde ci ocverktksge, sk`e u` iicgcde c snr u` mc`ci, u`c fnrrcgkn`tc e u` gndke pcrc ic rndn`mký` dn etres! N` ni C`tklue Tnstcgn`te ni Tnstcgn`te  ni tërgk`e sn usc prk`mkpcign`tn pcrc ni snrvkmke1 snrvkmke1 n` ni @unve Tnstcgn`te sn Tnstcgn`te sn usc prk`mkpcign`tn pcrc ic scivcmký` qun scivcmký` qun sn gc`koknstc n` snrvkmke snrvkmke..

Ic Hkhikc `u`mc rnme`mkikc ic me`trcdkmmký` cpcrn`tn n`trn ic sehnrc`çc dn Dkes y ni ikhrn cihndrçe dn ic fugc`kdcd, ¡sk`e qun prnsn`tc ics des! des!   ^` hun` nbngpie dn ic tn`ský` hçhikmc snrçc hçhikmc snrçc Xegc`es ; qun ; qun trctc dn ic ninmmký` sehnrc`c dn Dkes y Xegc`es 3: qun trctc dn ic rnspunstc `nmnscrkc dni feghrn (mo. 3:233, 3=). Ic micvn micvn pcrc  pcrc nstc tn`ský` tneiýlkmc sn tneiýlkmc sn pundn n`me`trcr n` Nonskes 324. 324. Bnsòs ns ni feghrn ninlkde dn Dkes y tedes nstã` petn`mkcign`tn ninlkdes n` ëi (Acri Hcrtf). Bnsòs ns ni « sç ± dn Dkes pcrc ic `nmnskdcd dn ic fugc`kdcd mcçdc (Acri Hcrtf). Nonskes 324 tcghkë` 324 tcghkë` cyudc c cmicrcr ni tngc ci cokrgcr qun ic gntc dn gntc dn ic prndnstk`cmký` `e prndnstk`cmký` `e ns ni mknie , sk`e ic sc`tkdcd (skgkiktud sc`tkdcd (skgkiktud c Mrkste). C gn`ude `es vnges ctrcçdes c ies hn`nokmkes dni nvc`lnike n ¡kl`ercges ics rnspe`schkikdcdns! ¡Ni iicgcde (ic ninmmký`) dn Dkes ns tc`te pcrc ni tkngpe mege tkngpe mege pcrc ic ntnr`kdcd! ntnr`kdcd! Ics demtrk`cs tkn`n` rnicmký` me` etrcs vnrdcdns, y `e se` vnrdcdns ò`kmcs, sk` rnicmký` cilu`c.. ^`c hun`c c`cielçc snrçc ic dn u`c me`stnicmký` n` me`trcpeskmký` c u`c nstrniic ò`kmc. cilu`c Dkes prnsn`tc ic vnrdcd n` lë`nres iktnrcrkes erkn`tcins, `e emmkdn`tcins.

@e dnhnges nikgk`cr ic tn`ský` mcuscdc per pcrns dkciëmtkmes (pcrcdýbkmes) dn vnrdcdns demtrk`cins.

3. Ic prndnstk`cmký` prndnstk`cmký` me`trc ni ikhrn cihndrçe fugc`e 8. Ic snlurkdcd dn ies mrnyn`tns mrnyn`tns me`trc ic ic `nmnskdcd dn ic pnrsnvnrc`mkc pnrsnvnrc`mkc =. Ni pnmcde erklk`ci erklk`ci me`trc ni pnmcde veiktkve e veiu`tcrke veiu`tcrke 4. Ic kgpnmchkikdcd (pnronmmke`ksge) (pnronmmke`ksge) me`trc `e prcmtkmcr prcmtkmcr ni pnmcde >. Ic bustkokmcmký` y ic sc`tkokmcmký` sc`tkokmcmký` k`kmkcins k`stc`tã`ncs k`stc`tã`ncs me`trc ic sc`tkokmcmký` sc`tkokmcmký` prelrnskvc ?. Ic ikhnrtcd mrkstkc`c mrkstkc`c me`trc ic rnspe`schkikdcd mrkstkc`c mrkstkc`c ). Cquç nstchc k`miukdc u`c mcdn`c dn cme`tnmkgkn`tes ntnr`es (mo. Xegc`es 628;-=:). Nstn tërgk`e nstchc vk`muicde me` ic prndnstk`cmký`. prndnstk`cmký`. ]k` nghcrle, fcy qun dnmkr qun ni  `e ns ic hcsn dn ic ninmmký` perqun me`emkgkn`te prnvke dn prnvke dn Dkes Dkes `e ninmmký` perqun sn csç ounrc, n`te`mns ic  nstcrçc hcscdc n` ic rnspunstc outurc o uturc dn ic fugc`kdcd mcçdc, qun snrçc ni dn dnsngpnóe sngpnóe ninmmký` nstcrçc ninmmký` fugc`e. Nstn tërgk`e tcghkë` sn n`mun`trc n` Fnmfes 8?2>1 3 Zndre 328, 8: y 8 Zndre =2323, =1 ;2?), dnhn snr rnstcurcdc rnstcurcdc.. M. «me`oergns c ic kgcln` dn su Fkbe± Fkbe±  ” Ic gntc ok`ci dn Dkes Dkes ns  ns ic rnstcurcmký` dn ic kgcln` pnrdkdc n` ic mcçdc.  pcrc tn`nr ic kgcln` dn Mrkste (mo. Nonskes mcçdc. Ies mrnyn`tns se` prndnstk`cdes prndnstk`cdes pcrc 324). KK. Xegc`es ;  cmnrmc dn ic sehnrc`çc dn Dkes (ic C. Xegc`es ; ns ; ns etre dn ies pcscbns ounrtns dni @T @T cmnrmc Dkes (ic etrc ns Nonskes 32=-34), n` tc`te qun ni mcpçtuie 3: dnmicrc ni ikhrn cihndrçe dn cihndrçe dn ies fugc`es micrc y rnpntkdcgn`tn (mo. «tedes± v. 41 «tede cquni± vv. 33, 3=1 «tedes± v. 38 Qdes vnmnsW). Zchie `u`mc Zchie  `u`mc trctc dn rnme`mkikcr nstc tn`ský` tneiýlkmc. tneiýlkmc. ¡Cghcs se` mknrtcs!  mknrtcs!  Ic gcyerçc dn demtrk`cs hçhikmcs sn prnsn`tc` n` pcrns pcrcdýbkmes e dkciëmtkmes dkciëmtkmes.. Ic gcyerçc dn skstngcs dn tneielçc se` tneielçc se` vnrdcdns iýlkmcs c gndkcs. gndkcs. Ni clustk`kc`ksge clustk`kc`ksge y  y ni mcivk`ksge mcivk`ksge me`trc  me`trc ni sngkpniclkc`ksge sngkpniclkc`ksge y  y crgk`kc`ksge crgk`kc`ksge tkn`n`  tkn`n` ningn`tes dn vnrdcd  y nrrer vnrdcd y nrrer.. Ic tn`ský` hçhikmc n`trn hçhikmc n`trn ics demtrk`cs ns demtrk`cs ns prnonrkhin c u` skstngc tneiýlkme, rcmke`ci y delgãtkme , qun sn hcsc n` tnxtes dn ic Hkhikc Hkhikc ounrc  ounrc dn me`tnxte y qun gntn ic Hkhikc Hkhikc c  c ic ounrzc n` u` gcrme dn k`tnrprntcmký` prnme`mnhkde. H. Nstc gksgc vnrdcd (qun sn n`mun`trc n` Xegc`es ;28=) sn nxprnsc n` Xegc`es 628;-=: y n` Nonskes 324, 33. Nstn 33. Nstn mcpçtuie ns ic nxprnský` gãs ounrtn dn ic sehnrc`çc dn Dkes n` Dkes n` ni @T @T.. @e pundn fchnr dksputc n` qun Dkes  nstã tetcign`tn c mcrle dn ic mrncmký` y Dkes nstã mrncmký` y dn ic rndn`mký`. rndn`mký`. @u`mc fcy qun chic`dcr `k ctn`ucr nstc vnrdcd. ]k` nghcrle, tkn`n qun nqukikhrcrsn me` ic dnmkský` dn Dkes Dkes dni  dni pcmte pcmte mege  mege u` gndke dn rnicmke`crsn me` ic mrncmký` fugc`c , fnmfc c su kgcln`. @e fcy dudc dn qun snc mknrte qun cilu`es pcmtes  dni CT , mege Lë`nsks 3>, se` pcmtes dni k`me`dkmke`cins y k`me`dkmke`cins  y qun `e sn rnicmke`c` me` tedc ic rnspunstc fugc`c , pnre etres pcmtes pcmtes se`  se`  y dnpn`dn` dn ic rnspunstc fugc`c (p. me`dkmke`cins y me`dkmke`cins fugc`c (p. nb., Ndë`, @eë, Geksës, Dcvkd). Dkes Dkes   tkn`n u` pic`  dn rndn`mký`  pcrc su mrncmký`  fc pic` dn rndn`mký` pcrc mrncmký`11 `k`lò` fugc`e pundn conmtcr nstn pic` pic`.. Dkes Dkes fc dnmkdkde pnrgktkr qun ics pnrse`cs pcrtkmkpn`  n` sus pic`ns pcrtkmkpn` n` pic`ns.. Nstc epertu`kdcd dn pcrtkmkpcmký` ns u`c tn`ský` tneiýlkmc n`trn tneiýlkmc n`trn ic sehnrc`çc  sehnrc`çc dn Dkes (Xegc`es Dkes (Xegc`es ;) y ni ikhrn cihndrçe fugc`e  fugc`e  (Xegc`es 3:). @e ns cprepkcde sninmmke`cr u` ë`ocsks hçhikme n kl`ercr etre. Fcy tn`ský` tn`ský` n`trn  n`trn demtrk`cs perqun ic ln`tn erkn`tci prnsn`tc ic vnrdcd n` pcrns dkciëmtkmes e dkciëmtkmes e iin`es dn tn`ský`. tn`ský`. Ics demtrk`cs dnhn` gc`tn`nrsn n` rnicmký` me` etrcs demtrk`cs. Ic vnrdcd tkn`n u` gesckme dn vnrdcdns. KKK. Nonskes 3 C. Ic ninmmký` ns u`c demtrk`c gcrcvkiiesc.  gcrcvkiiesc. ]k` nghcrle, `e ns u` iicgcde ci ocverktksge, ¡sk`e u`tërgk`e iicgcdesnc uschc snr u`prk`mkpcign`tn mc`ci, u`c fnrrcgkn`tc e gndke  dn ies dngãs! ic snrndn`mký` dn rndn`mký` CT   ni pcrc snrvkmke snrvkmke1 1 n` pcrc ni @T @T sn usc prk`mkpcign`tn pcrcN` ni CT scivcmký` , qun rnsuitc n` snrvkmke snrvkmke.. ;

 

Ic Hkhikc `u`mc Hkhikc `u`mc rnme`mkikc ic cpcrn`tn me`trcdkmmký` n`trn ic sehnrc`çc dn Dkes y Dkes y ni ikhrn cihndrçe dn ic fugc`kdcd , fugc`kdcd , ¡sk`e qun cokrgc cghes! ^` hun` nbngpie dn ic tn`ský` hçhikmc  hçhikmc  snrçc Xegc`es ;, cmnrmc dn ic ninmmký` sehnrc`c y sehnrc`c y Xegc`es 3: sehrn ic rnspunstc `nmnscrkc dn ic fugc`kdcd (mo. fugc`kdcd (mo. 3:233, 3=). Ic micvn pcrc nstc tn`ský` tneiýlkmc pedrçc tneiýlkmc pedrçc n`me`trcrsn n` Nonskes 324. Bnsòs Bnsòs ns  ns ni feghrn  dn Dkes  y tedes se` petn`mkcign`tn ninmtes  n` Ëi  (Acri Hcrtf). Bnsòs  ns ni «sç ± dn Dkes ninlkde dn ninlkde Dkes y ninmtes n` Ëi (Acri Bnsòs ns Dkes   pcrc ic `nmnskdcd dn ic fugc`kdcd mcçdc (Acri mcçdc (Acri Hcrtf). Nonskes 324 tcghkë` cyudc c micrkokmcr ni csu`te ci cokrgcr qun ic gntc dn ic prndnstk`cmký` `e prndnstk`cmký` `e ns seicgn`tn ni mknie , sk`e ic sc`tkdcd  sc`tkdcd  (sngnbc`zc c Mrkste). ¡Ornmun`tngn`tn sn `es ctrcn c ies hn`nokmkes dni  y sn kl`erc` ics rnspe`schkikdcdns! hn`nokmkes dni nvc`lnike nvc`lnike y rnspe`schkikdcdns! ¡Ni iicgcde iicgcde ( (ninmmký` ninmmký`)) dn Dkes Dkes tkn`n  tkn`n qun vnr me` ni tkngpe , csç mege me` ic ntnr`kdcd! ntnr`kdcd!  c etrcs vnrdcdns , `e mege vnrdcdns k`dkvkducins , Ics demtrk`cs sn demtrk`cs sn erklk`c` me` rnicmký` rnicmký` c dnsiklcdcs. ^`c hun`c c`cielçc snrçc u`c me`stnicmký` me`trc u`c nstrniic seic. Dkes Dkes prnsn`tc  prnsn`tc ic vnrdcd me` vnrdcd me` lë`nres erkn`tcin erkn`tcinss , `e emmkdn`tcins emmkdn`tcins.. @e dnhnges rntkrcr ic tn`ský`  tn`ský`  emcske`cdc per ies pcrns dkciëmtkmes (pcrcdýbkmes)  mege dkciëmtkmes (pcrcdýbkmes) dn vnrdcdns demtrk`cins ( demtrk`cins (Dkes Dkes mege trcsmn`dn`tn me`trc trcsmn`dn`tn  me`trc Dkes Dkes mege  mege k`gc`n`tn k`gc`n`tn11 snlurkdcd snlurkdcd me`trc  me`trc pnrsnvnrc`mkc pnrsnvnrc`mkc11 Bnsòs Bnsòs mege  mege kluci ci Zcdrn  me`trc Bnsòs  mege suherdk`cde ci Zcdrn Zcdrn me`trc Bnsòs mege Zcdrn11 ikhnrtcd mrkstkc`c me`trc mrkstkc`c me`trc rnspe`schkikdcd mrkstkc`c fcmkc mrkstkc`c  fcmkc u` semke dni pcmte , ntm.). Ni me`mnpte tneiýlkme dn «pcmte «pcmte± ± u`ndn skngprn tegc icdni k`kmkctkvc y. ic crrnpn`tkgkn`te sehnrc`çc dn Dkes (qun Dkes nstchinmn ni pic`) me` u`c rnspunstc y  (qun on k`kmkci y me`tk`uc feghrn. feghrn ¡Tn`lc mukdcde me` trctcr dn cpeycr u` icde dn ic pcrcdebc me` pcrcdebc me` tnxtes hçhikmes ounrc dn me`tnxte , y dnsprnmkcr ni etre! Tn`lc mukdcde dn cokrgcr seicgn`tn su demtrk`c ocverktc e ocverktc e skstngc dn tneielçc. tneielçc. H. «`es nsmelký± n` Nonskes 324  324 ns u` CEXK]TE GNDKE K@DKMCTK_E qun fcmn ë`ocsks n` ni ]^BNTE. Nste sn n`oemc n` ic ninmmký` dni ninmmký` dni Zcdrn Zcdrn c`tns  c`tns dni tkngpe tkngpe.. Ic ninmmký` ninmmký` dn  dn Dkes Dkes `e  `e dnhn n`tn`dnrsn n` ni sn`tkde ksiãgkme dni dntnrgk`ksge , `k n` ni sn`tkde uitrcmcivk`kstc  dn cilu`es uitrcmcivk`kstc dn me`trc etres, sk`e n` ni sn`tkde dn pcmte pcmte.. Dkes Dkes pregntký  pregntký rndkgkr c ic fugc`kdcd mcçdc (mo. mcçdc (mo. Lë`nsks =23>). Dkes Dkes iicgý  iicgý y niklký niklký c  c Chrcfcg Chrcfcg pcrc  pcrc ninlkr ninlkr c  c tedes ies fugc`es (mo. fugc`es (mo. Lë`nsks 382=1 Ëxede  gksgen`niklký  c tedcs  (mo. ics pnrse`cs  n` Mrkste   Dkes gksge niklký c on Mrkste. Dkes  Dkes skngprn3;2>-?). tegc icDkes k`kmkctkvc Buc` ?244,qun ?>).nbnrmnrçc` Nstn tnxteicyon n` Xegc`es ; .se` hcsns ic scivcmký` (mo. scivcmký`  hçhikmcs pcrc ic demtrk`c dn ic prndnstk`cmký` qun prndnstk`cmký` qun n`octkzc` Clustç` Clustç` y  y Mcivk`e Mcivk`e..  niklký c ies mrnyn`tns `e seicgn`tn pcrc scivcmký` Dkes niklký Dkes scivcmký` ( (bustkokmcmký` bustkokmcmký`),), sk`e tcghkë` pcrc  (mo. Meiesn`sns 3238). Nste pedrçc rnicmke`crsn me`2 sc`tkokmcmký` (mo. sc`tkokmcmký` (3) `unstrc peskmký` peskmký` n`  n` Mrkste Mrkste (mo.  (mo. 8 Merk`tkes >283) e (8) ni dnsne dn Dkes Dkes dn  dn rnpredumkr su mcrãmtnr n` mcrãmtnr n` sus fkbes fkbes (mo.  (mo. 823:1 Xegc`es 6286-8;1 Lãictcs 423;). ¡Ic veiu`tcd dn Dkes pcrc  ns tc`te ni mknie cilò` Dkes pcrc sus fkbes fkbes ns mknie cilò` dçc mege ic sngnbc`zc c Mrkste cferc! Mrkste cferc!   «N` Ëi± ns u` me`mnpte micvn dn Nonskes 324. Ics hn`dkmke`ns , ic lrcmkc  y scivcmký`  dni Zcdrn lrcmkc y scivcmký` dni Zcdrn   oiuyn` c trcvës dn Mrkste Mrkste (mo.  (mo. Buc` 342?). Ehsnrvn ic rnpntkmký` dn nstc oergc lrcgctkmci (IEMCTK_E dn N]ONXC) n` ni v. =, «n` Mrkste±1 v. 4, «n` ëi±1 v. 2=41 Buc` 328=1 8 Tnscie`kmn`sns 823=)1 c su kgcln` (mo. kgcln` (mo. Lë`nsks 328?81 3 Tnscie`kmn`sns =23=1 >28=). Ic veiu`tcd k`citnrchin dn Dkes  pcrc mcdc mrkstkc`e `e seicgn`tn ns ni mknie dnspuës, Dkes pcrc mknie dnspuës, sk`e ic (mo.Dkes c Xegc`es 628;-=:1 pnrdkde me` Lãictcs  me` 423;1ni3 prepýskte Zndre 328).dnIes sngnbc`zc c Mrkste cferc Mrkste cferc dn mrnyn`tns dnhn` mrnyn`tns dnhn` rnoinbcr ics mcrcmtnrçstkmcs Dkes  c u` gu`de pnrdkde nvc`lniksge. nvc`lniksge . Lrcgctkmcign`tn, ic orcsn «n` cger± dn nstn vnrsçmuie pedrçc kr, yc snc, n` ni v. 4 e n` ni >. ]k` nghcrle, muc`de nstc orcsn sn usc n` etrcs pcrtns n` Nonskes, skngprn sn rnoknrn ci cger fugc`e fcmkc Dkes (mo. =23, 3?). M. N` Nonskes 32>, ic orcsn «fchkë`de`es prndnstk`cde± ns u` cerkste cmtkve. ZCXTKMKZKE CEXK]TE CMTK_E. Nstn tërgk`e sn megpe`n dn «c`tns± y «dkstk`lukr±. ]n rnoknrn ci pic` rndn`ter prndntnrgk`cde prndntnrgk`cde dn Dkes (mo. Dkes (mo. Iumcs 882881 Fnmfes 828=1 42861 3:;-3>?4) me`emkdes iunle mege ’mcivk`kstcs‗ Mcivk`e (tnýiele sestkn`n` ies sklukn`tns pu`tes2 Ic ehrc dn ic scivcmký` ns ò`kmc dn Dkes Dkes n`  n` de`dn ni feghrn `e  bunlc `k`lò` pcpni dnhkde c su `cturcinzc tetcign`tn mcçdc qun in kgpeskhkiktc k`miuse ni crrnpn`tkgkn`te.. ((Xegc`es crrnpn`tkgkn`te Xegc`es =23:  =23: ’@e fcy u` seie buste, `k skquknrc u`e1 `e fcy `cdkn qun n`tkn`dc, `cdkn qun husqun c Dkes‗). Mrkste Mrkste ns  ns n`vkcde per Dkes Dkes c  c gerkr seicgn`tn per sus ninlkdes y sk u` feghrn sn crrnpkn`tn  y tkn`n on , ns seicgn`tn perqun fc skde lukcde per ni crrnpkn`tn y  ie fchçc ninlkde  dnsdn ic ntnr`kdcd. Nspçrktu ]c`te , micre k`dkmke dn qun Dkes Dkes ie ninlkde dnsdn ntnr`kdcd. ]nlò` ic nsmunic dn pn`scgkn`te mcivk`kstc, pn`scgkn`te mcivk`kstc, Dkes Dkes ns  ns sehnrc`e ci ninlkr ninlkr c  c qukn` vc c scivcr scivcr y  y ni feghrn ns ò`kmcgn`tn ni hn`nokmkcrke dn tc` lrc`dn rnlcie dn cger qun dn oergc k`gnrnmkdc ie fc rnmkhkde. Dn u`c oergc guy g uy micrc ie fc nxprnscde su ou`dcder Mcivk`e Mcivk`e qukn`  qukn` ns mktcde tcghkë` per ni tnýiele Gynr Zncrigc`. ’Dkes Dkes fc  fc prndnstk`cde c cilu`es pcrc snr scives, y c etres pcrcicqun sn pknrdc`. Ic prndnstk`cmký` dnmkdkde sunrtn qun merrnr{ mcdc u`e‗. 8  ns ni dnmrnte ntnr`e dn Dkes , per ni muci fc ]n pundn vnr puns qun n` ni mcse dni mcivk`ksge mcivk`ksge ni  ni prk`mkpci me`treicder y rnspe`schin dn ic  e me`dn`cmký`  dn mcdc snr fugc`e ns ni gksge Dkes scivcmký` e scivcmký` me`dn`cmký` dn Dkes.. 3.= Xnoinxke`ns sehrn ics des Nsmunics Dnsdn ni surlkgkn`te dn ics des nsmunics dn pn`scgkn`te n` pn`scgkn`te n` ter`e c ic scivcmký` , surlknre` pnrse`cs qun gci k`tnrprntcre` sus k`tnrprntcre` sus n`snóc`zcs y ics iinvcre` c nxtrnges demtrk`cign`tn  ies mucins sn me`emknre` mege ies ’fypnr crgk`kc`es , n fypnr mcivk`kstcs‗. pniklreses ies pniklreses Nstes lrupes, e ics pnrse`cs qun mcikokmcrçc` mege pcrtn dn nstes lrupes cokrgchc`2  Gynr Zncrigc`, Tneielçc Hçhikmc y ]kstngãtkmc (Gkcgk2 Ndkterkci _kdc, 3;;8), p.3;4  Gynr Zncrigc`, Tneielçc Hçhikmc y ]kstngãtkmc (Gkcgk2 Ndkterkci _kdc, 3;;8), p.3;8

3 8

34

 

Zer u` icde (n` ni mcse dn ies fypnr crgk`kc`kstcs) crgk`kc`kstcs) ci pe`nr u` suge ë`ocsks n` ni ikhrn cihndrçe dni feghrn , feghrn , iinlc` c ic me`miuský` dn qun Dkes Dkes `e  `e nikln c qukn`ns vc c scivcr y `u`mc ie fcmn, sk`e qun ns ni feghrn ni ò`kme n` dnmkdkr qukn` ns scive y qukn` `e ie ns, fcmkn`de dn nstc oergc c u` icde ic sehnrc`çc dkvk`c. dkvk`c. Nstcs pnrse`cs prndkmc` ni nvc`lnike y iunle cokrgc` qun muciquknrc, per ni skgpin fnmfe dn rnpntkr me` su hemc u`c ercmký`, e per fcmnr u`c preonský` dn on, fc cimc`zcde ic scivcmký`. Zer etre icde (n` ni mcse dn ies fypnr mcivk`kstcs) mcivk`kstcs) qukn`ns ci pe`nr u` suge ë`ocsks n` ic sehnrc`çc dkvk`c , iinlc` c ic me`miuský` dn qun Dkes Dkes cgc  cgc c ies ninlkdes y ninlkdes y edkc c ies  , fcmkn`de c u` icde dn dn Bnsumrkste nstc oergc. muciquknr tkpe dn rnprehcdes rnspe`schkikdcd fugc`c dn  n` Nstcs pnrse`cs prndkmc` ni nvc`lnike sk` fcmnr ic ehrc crrnpn`tkgkn`te crrnpn`tkgkn `te y on on n` Bnsumrkste. `k`lò` tkpe dn iicgcde ci crrnpn`tkgkn`te crrnpn`tkgkn`te y  y c ic on , dnhkde c qun ns Dkes Dkes qukn`  qukn` scivc. ]k hkn` ns mknrte fcstc nstn pu`te, `e sn pundn `nlcr qun cilu`c dn ics des nsmunics dn pn`scgkn`te snc pn`scgkn`te  snc c`tk-hçhikmc , sç sn pedrçc csnlurcr qun ies nxtrnges dn nxtrnges dn mcdc u`c dn nstcs nsmunics se` megpintcgn`tn me`dn`chins, puns per gndke dn ic iýlkmc fugc`c fc` fugc`c fc` iinlcde c me`miuske`ns qun ic Hkhikc  bcgãs prepe`n y qun `e sýie ctn`tc` me`trc ic `cturcinzc gksgc dn Hkhikc bcgãs Dkes , , sk`e tcghkë` me`trc ic vnrdcd rnvnicdc n` Dkes rnvnicdc n` su Zcichrc Zcichrc.. Fchkn`de nstudkcde dn gc`nrc hrnvn cilu`cs dn ics vnrdcdns qun dnokn`dn mcdc u`c dn ics nsmunics dn pn`scgkn`te cmnrmc pn`scgkn`te cmnrmc dn ic scivcmký` , c me`tk`ucmký` sn nstudkcrã` tcghkë` dn gc`nrc cilu`es pcscbns sehrn m ucins mucins mcdccmnrmc u`c dndnniics sn n`mun`trc csç pednrhrnvn dnsmuhrkr ie qun nxpikmc ic ies Hkhikc gksgc Hkhikc  gksgc ic scivcmký`. scivcmký` . ou`dcgn`tcdc y 8. N]T^DKE DN ZC]CBN] XNICMKE@CDE] ME@ IC ]CI_CMKÝ@ Dn gc`nrc hrnvn pnre hçhikmc , sn nstudkcrã` cilu`es dn ies pcscbns micvn pcrc micvn pcrc mcdc u`c dn ics nsmunics dn pn`scgkn`te c`tnrkergn`tn pn`scgkn`te c`tnrkergn`tn nxpunstcs, pcrc qun dn nstc oergc sn pundc iinlcr c u`c me`miuský` hcscdc n` ic Hkhikc  cmnrmc dn ic vnrdcd dn ic scivcmký`. Hkhikc cmnrmc scivcmký`. 8.3 ]ehnrc`çc Dkvk`c Ni prkgnr pu`te qun sn tkn`n qun me`skdnrcr ns ic lrc` vnrdcd qun ic Hkhikc Hkhikc `es  `es n`snóc cmnrmc dn Dkes  y u`e dn sus ctrkhutes ou`dcgn`tcins, ni muci ns su sehnrc`çc Dkes y sehnrc`çc.. Ni preontc Dc`kni n` ni C`tklue Tnstcgn`te `es dc u`c micrc nxpikmcmký` cmnrmc dn ic sehnrc`çc dn Dkes2 ’Dkes fcmn ie qun quknrn me` ies pednrns mninstkcins y me` ies punhies dn ic tknrrc. @e fcy qukn` sn epe`lc c su pednr `k qukn` in pkdc mun`tcs dn sus cmtes ‗ ( (Dc`kni Dc`kni >2=>). >2=>). _nrsçmuies mege ni mktcde c`tnrkergn`tn pe`n` ci dnsmuhknrte u`c dn ics lrc`dns vnrdcdns qun Dkes fc rnvnicde n` su Zcichrc1 Ëi ns sehnrc`e n` tede, Ëi ns sehnrc`e skngprn, y n` su sehnrc`c veiu`tcd pundn dnmkdkr muciquknr mesc qun me`skdnrn merrnmtc, k`miuse sk ni snr fugc`e `e ie iinlc c me`skdnrcr csç. Ni tnýiele Lnrcid @yn`fuks  @yn`fuks cuter dni ikhre ’Ni Dkes qun Cdercges‗ dnmicrc ie sklukn`tn2 ’Dkes `e rnspe`dn `k in rk`dn mun`tcs c `cdkn1 Ëi ie pic`nc y nbnmutc tede snlò` su ikhrn me`snbe, sk` me`suitcr `k pndkr pnrgkse, y sk` dcr nxpikmcmke`ns‗=. Dkes pcrc snr Dkes, tkn`n qun snr sehnrc`e n` tede, nste k`miuyn ic scivcmký` dn mcdc pnrse`c. pnrse`c. Cu` y muc`de nste pcrnzmc k`buste, rncign`tn `e ie ns, puns Dkes `e in dnhn ic scivcmký` c `cdkn y sk sn ic quknrn eornmnr c cilukn` ns skgpingn`tn perqun Ëi csç ie fc dnmkdkde.  Lnrcid @yn`fuks, Ni Dkes qun Cdercges (Gkcgk2 Ndkterkci ^`kikt, 3;;;), p.>3

=

3>

 

µSuë puns dn u` feghrn qun quknrc cimc`zcr ic scivcmký`5 Nstc prnlu`tc `es chrn ic punrtc pcrc trctcr ni sklukn`tn pu`te. 8.8 K`mcpcmkdcd Tetci Fugc`c Ic snlu`dc vnrdcd qun sn dnhn me`skdnrcr ns ic qun ni cpýstei Zchie  dngunstrc, nstc ns ic dni Zchie dngunstrc, vnrdcdnre nstcde dn mcdc snr fugc`e2 gunrte n` sus pnmcdes. ’N` etre tkngpe ustndns nstchc` gunrtes n` sus trc`slrnske`ns y pnmcdes ‗ ( (Nonskes Nonskes 823). 823). Ni snr fugc`e nstã gunrte, `e nstã gerkhu`de e n`onrge, sk`e rncign`tn gunrte n` sus pnmcdes. Ni pcster Bef` GcmCrtfur, Br. nxprnsc nstc vnrdcd n` sus pcichrcs2 ’µMýge pundn u`c pnrse`c qun nst{ gunrtc n` dniktes y

pnmcdes, mnlcdc per ]ctc`ãs , k`mcpcz dn n`tn`dnr ics mescs dn Dkes y me`tk`ucgn`tn iin`c me` tede ie gcie, nbnrmnr dn pre`te u`c on scivcderc5 ¡Gãs oãmki snrçc qun u` mcdãvnr sciknrc dn ic tughc mcgk`c`de!4 ]klukn`de nstn pn`scgkn`te, pednges cokrgcr qun mcdc snr fugc`e per nstcr gunrte n` sus dniktes y pnmcdes, sn vn megpintcgn`tn kgpeskhkiktcde dn fcmnr cile qun clrcdn c Dkes, tci mege ie cokrgc ni preontc Kscçcs ’Tedes seges mege ln`tn kgpurc1 tedes `unstres cmtes dn bustkmkc se` mege trcpes dn k`gu`dkmkc‗ ( (Kscçcs Kscçcs ?42?). ?42?). Dn nstc oergc, ni tn`nr crrnpn`tkgkn`te crrnpn`tkgkn`te dn  dn pnmcdes ns megpintcgn`tn kgpeskhin c gn`es qun Dkes  ie pnrgktc y ni fnmfe dn rnspe`dnr Dkes ie cokrgctkvcgn`tn ci gn`scbn dni nvc`lnike tcghkë` sn vunivn kgpeskhin, mege ie cokrgc Zchie Zchie ci  ci nsmrkhkr ’Ni dkes dn nstn gu`de (sklie) fc mnlcde ic gn`tn dn nstes k`mrëduies, pcrc qun `e vnc` ic iuz dni  lierkese nvc`lnike dn Mrkste ‗ ( (88 Merk`tkes 424).  pundc 424). @e fcy u`c tc` seic pnrse`c qun sk` Mrkste Mrkste pundc epe`nrsn c ]ctc`ãs , per ie tc`te, sk Dkes Dkes `e  `e ie pnrgktn, `cdkn pundn rnspe`dnr cokrgctkvcgn`tn ci gn`scbn dni nvc`lnike nvc`lnike.. N` nstn pu`te vcin fcmnr u`c cmicrcmký` cm icrcmký` ou`dcgn`tci qun fc mcuscde me`trevnrskc per gumfes cóes y tkn`n qun vnr me` rnspnmte ci ’ikhrn cihndrçe‗ y ic mcpcmkdcd k``ctc dni feghrn dn nsmelnr crrnpn`tkrsn y pe`nr su on on n`  n` Mrkste Mrkste.. Ic cmicrcmký` qun sn dnhn fcmnr merrnspe`dn me` ie sklukn`tn2 Fcy qun fcmnr u`c dkonrn`mkc n`trn ics orcsns ’ikhrn cihndrçe‗ y ’ikhrn veiu`tcd‗. Hçhikmcgn`tn sn pundn cokrgcr qun ni snr fugc`e tkn`n ’ikhrn cihndrçe‗, pnre ëstn nst{ subnte c ic veiu`tcd dni snr fugc`e, ic muci `e ns n s ikhrn puns nstã subntc ci yule dn nsmicvktud dni pnmcde. pnmcde. Dn nstc oergc, ni pnmcder pundn  muciquknr mesc qun su `cturcinzc dn pnmcde in pnmcder pundn nsmelnr nsmelnr muciquknr pnmcde in pnrgktc, ns >

dnmkr, ’tkn`n ikhrn cihndrçe sýie dn`tre dn ies içgktns dn su `cturcinzc‗ . Ic me`miuský` c ic qun pednges iinlcr pedrçc snr mktcdc csç2

Ni pnmcder nstã me`tn`te pnmc`de y n` su ikhrn cihndrçe, skngprn nsmelnrã ni pnmcde puns su veiu`tcd `e nstã ikhrn sk`e subntc c ]ctc`ãs qukn` ns su dunóe. µSuë n`te`mns dn ics me`tk`ucs k`vktcmke`ns qun `es fcmn ic Hkhikc  c crrnpn`tkr`es  y pe`nr Hkhikc c crrnpn`tkr`es y `unstrc on n` on n` Bnsòs Bnsòs55 Nstc prnlu`tc dnbc ni tnrrn`e che`cde pcrc ni sklukn`tn pu`te c trctcr. 8.= Xnspe`schkikdcd Fugc`c @e sn pundn `nlcr qun ic Hkhikc Hkhikc me`stc`tngn`tn  me`stc`tngn`tn fcmn k`vktcmke`ns mege ic sklukn`tn ’Zer tc`te,  pcrc qun snc` herrcdes sus su s pnmcdes, crrnpkë`tc`sn y vuëivc`sn vuë ivc`sn c Dkes‗ (Fnmfes =23;), =23;), e ics gksgcs pcichrcs dn Bnsòs Bnsòs  ’Ni rnk`e dn ies mknies nstã mnrmc. ¡Crrnpkë`tc`sn y mrnc` ics hun`cs `unvcs! ‗ (Gcrmes 323>).). 323>  Bef` GcmCrtfur Br., ]cives sk` iulcr c Dudcs (Hcrmnie`c2 Ndkterkci Mikn, 3;;4), p.?= > Xelnr I. ]gciik`l, ¡]k Bnsòs! ^`c K`tredummký` c ics Demtrk`cs dn ic Lrcmkc (Hcrmnie`c2 Ndkterkci Mikn, 3;;4), p.=6 4

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Dn vnrsçmuies mege ies gn`mke`cdes c`tnrkergn`tn sn conrrc` ies crgk`kc`es y crgk`kc`es y cokrgc` qun, sk ci feghrn sn in dc ic epmký` dn crrnpn`tkrsn ns perqun pundn fcmnrie. Zcrc trctcr nstn pu`te, `unvcgn`tn sn mktc ci preonser ]gciik`l  puns dc u` crlugn`te ]gciik`l puns me`tu`dn`tn2 ’Ns kiýlkme supe`nr qun u` gc`dcgkn`te pcrc fcmnr u`c mesc, megprunhc ic mcpcmkdcd pcrc fcmnric. Dkes gc`dý c Ksrcni c qun lucrdcrc su Iny. µCmcse nse ns nvkdn`mkc dn qun ni feghrn pundn lucrdcr ic iny5 Micre qun `e… Niic oun dcdc, n` rncikdcd, pcrc rnvnicr ie qun ni feghrn @E pundn fcmnr… Dkes `es gc`dc c fcmnr ie buste ò`kmcgn`tn perqu n Ëi ns buste, ?

`e me`miuský` perqun seges   Ic qun mcpcmns‗ sn pundn. scmcr ns ic sklukn`tn2 Ns mknrte qun me`stc`tngn`tn sn k`vktc ci snr fugc`e c crrnpn`tkrsn crrnpn`tkrsn y  y dnpesktcr su on n` Mrkste pcrc Mrkste pcrc cimc`zcr ic scivcmký` , sk` nghcrle, nste `e ns gunstrc dn qun ni snr fugc`e tn`lc ic mcpcmkdcd dn  sk` qun Dkes  sn ie mcpcmkdcd dn crrnpn`tkrsn crrnpn`tkrsn sk` Dkes sn me`mndc, dn fnmfe ns u` crlugn`te gãs qun cpeyc ic sehnrc`çc dn Dkes y Dkes y qun iinvc ci snr fugc`e c u` sn`tkde dn lrctktud tc` preou`de mege me ge `u`mc c`tns fuhknrc nxpnrkgn`tcde. Trctcdes ies pu`tes c`tnrkerns, y nstudkcde cilu`es dn ies tc`tes pcscbns hçhikmes qun nxkstn` y qun hrk`dc` cpeye c u`c u etrc dn ics nsmunics dn pn`scgkn`te me` pn`scgkn`te me` rnspnmte c ic scivcmký` , sn pundn dnmkr qun ni ou`dcgn`te nstã punste pcrc pcscr c nxpikmcr ie qun dnhn snr ni nqukikhrke n` ics demtrk`cs sehrn ic scivcmký`. scivcmký`.

=. NI NS^KIKHXKE N@cIC] DEMTXK@C] IC ]CI_CMKÝ@ Fcy qun cmicrcr c`tns dn megn`zcr fchicr dn nstn tngc ]EHXN ie sklukn`tn2 Me` nqukikhrke n` ics demtrk`cs sehrn ic scivcmký` `e scivcmký` `e sn k`tn`tc dnmkr qun ics des demtrk`cs sn fc` gnzmicde u`koergngn`tn pcrc fcmnr dn niics u`c seic. Tcgpeme sn quknrn dnm dnmkr kr qun cghcs se` hçhikmcs y per ie tc`te ic sugc dn cghcs oergc` u`c `unvc demtrk`c n` ic muci u`c fc megpingn`tcde ics dnokmkn`mkcs dn ic etrc. Ie qun sk sn quknrn dnmkr me` nqukikhrke n` ics demtrk`cs sehrn ic scivcmký` , ns qun2 Dkes ns sehnrc`e n` muc`te c ic ninmmký` dn qukn`ns snrã` scives y qukn`ns `e, pnre ci gksge tkngpe, ni feghrn ns rnspe`schin per ic dnmkský` qun tegc dn crrnpn`tkrsn dn sus pnmcdes y dnpesktcr su on n` ni scmrkokmke dn Mrkste n` ic mruz pcrc scivcrsn.   Nstn nqukikhrke nqukikhrke qun  qun cpcrn`tc snr me`trcrke c ic iýlkmc fugc`c ns fugc`c ns hçhikme hçhikme y  y per ie tc`te trctcrnges gãs cmnrmc dn mcdc u`e dn nstes pu`tes c me`tk`ucmký`. =.3 Nqukikhrke sehrn Ic ]civcmký`  ns megpintcgn`tn sehnrc`e  n` muc`te c ic scivcmký` y  cokrgcr qun Dkes ns Dkes sehnrc`e n` scivcmký` y per ie tc`te ns hçhikme hçhikme cokrgcr Dkes scivc c qukn` Ëi nikln, muc`de Ëi ie nikln, hcbe ics mkrmu`stc`mkcs qun Ëi nikln , sk` qun dnhc rn`dkrin nxpikmcmke`ns cmnrmc dn su cmmke`cr c `cdkn y sk` qun qunpc ic gãs rngetc peskhkikdcd dn qun nstc oergc dn cmtucr dn Dkes snc k`bustc. Dkes pcrc snr Dkes dnhn snr  y ic ninmmký` n` sehnrc`e y sehnrc`e ninmmký` n` muc`te c qukn` sn scivcrã y qukn` `e snrã scivcde `e sn nsmcpc c su sehnrc`çc.. Ic Hkhikc prnsn`tc suokmkn`tn nvkdn`mkc pcrc rnspcidcr nstc vnrdcd, pnre vcin sehnrc`çc skgpingn`tn gn`mke`cr cilu`es vnrsçmuies qun cpeyc` nstc vnrdcd2

 Xelnr I. ]gciik`l, ¡]k Bnsòs! ^`c K`tredummký` c ics Demtrk`cs dn ic Lrcmkc (Hcrmnie`c2 Ndkterk Ndkterkci ci Mikn, 3;;4), p.>=

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Dkes dnsdn ies tkngpes dni C`tklue Tnstcgn`te fc ninlkde sehnrc`cgn`tn c cilu`es pcrc dngestrcrins su cger, tci mege sn nxprnsc n` ni Zn`tctnume2 ’ Ci ]nóer tu Dkes in pnrtn`nmn` ies mknies y ie gãs cite dn ies mknies, ic tknrrc y tede ie qun fcy n` niic. ]k` nghcrle, ëi sn n`mcrkóý me` tus c`tnpcscdes y ies cgý1 y c tk, qun nrns su dnsmn`dn`mkc, tn niklký dn n`trn tedes ies punhies, mege ie vnges fey‗ ( (Dnutnre`egke Dnutnre`egke 3:234-3>). 3:234-3>).  tcghkë` ns sehnrc`e  n` muc`te c qukn` dngestrcrin su cger cge r y c qukn` in dngestrcrã su Dkes tcghkë` Dkes sehnrc`e n` dnsprnmke, tci mege ie nxprnsc ni preontc Gcicquçcs2 ’µ@e nrc Nscò fnrgc`e dn Bcmeh5 ]k` nghcrle, cgë c Bcmeh pnre cherrnmç* c Nscò ‗ ( (Gcicquçcs Gcicquçcs 328-=). 328-=). (_cilc cmicrcr qun ies fnrgc`es Bcmeh Bcmeh y  y cò` `e fchçc` `cmkde muc`de Dkes yc qun fchçcDkes dnmkdkde ie qun khc c sn`tkr mcdc qukn`). Nscò Nstes , vnrsçmuies cu`qun pcrnzmc` prnsn`tcr  ns k`buste ci cherrnmnr  c per u` snr fugc`e Dkes ns cherrnmnr c dnsdn c`tns qun fcyc `cmkde, rncign`tn `e ie fcmn`. Muc`de vnges ics vkdcs qun mcdc u`e dn ies fnrgc`es vkvký y ics dnmkske`ns qun veiu`tcrkcgn`tn tegcre`, ic prnlu`tc qun mcdc inmter dnhnrçc fcmnrsn `e ns µy per quë Dkes  `e cgc c Nscò Dkes `e Nscò55 Gãs hkn` dnhnrçc prnlu`tcrsn µmýge ns peskhin qun Dkes Dkes fcyc  fcyc dnmkdkde cgcr c Bcmeh Bcmeh55 Tcghkë` pednges gn`mke`cr ni cger tc` nspnmkci qun skn`tn per su Klinskc ’Ins nsmrkhe c tedes ustndns, ies cgcdes dn Dkes qun nstã` n` Xegc ‗  (Xegc`es 32