Anti Theft Motorcycle Alarm Report
Short Description
As mentioned earlier in the introduction, the purpose of this project is to conduct a research on the importance alarm s...
Description
1
ANTI-THEFT MOTORCYCLE ALARM
NAME
:
MOHD SYAHIRAN BIN ALIAS
MATRIX NO.
:
D011110048
SUPERVISOR
:
PN. NUR HIDAYAH BINTI RAHIM
2
“I hereby declare that I have read through this report entitle Anti-theft motorcycle alarm and found that it has comply the partial fulfillment for awarding the Diploma of Electrical Engineering”
Signature
: …………………………………………..
Supervisor’s Name
: Madam Nor Hidayah Binti Rahim
Date
: …………………………………………..
3
ANTI-THEFT MOTORCYCLE ALARM
MOHD SYAHIRAN BIN ALIAS
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Electrical Engineering UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
2014
4
I declare that this report entitle “title of the project” is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. The report has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree.
Signature
: ...........................................................
Name
: Mohd Syahiran Bin Alias
Date
: ...........................................................
i
DEDICATION
This project is dedicates to my supervisor Mdm. Nor Hidayah Bte Rahim, my parents Mr. Alias Bin Pondot and Mdm. Rosiah Bte Idrus, my family, and all lecturer and all my fellow friends for helping me directly or indirectly in this project.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor, Mdm. Nor Hidayah Bt. Rahim for the permission and acknowledgement to undergo Projek Diploma for one (1) semester and had given valuable information, support and guidance to me.
I would like to dedicate my special thanks to my family for supporting me and make me more confident to complete this project and report. To my entire friend, thank you for all the comment and information to give me a lot of ideas to complete this project and report.
My appreciation is to a network of people who have helped me in this project and report but do not wish their names to be mentioned. Thank you anyway.
iii
ABSTRACT
An anti-theft system is any device or method used to prevent or deter the unauthorized appropriation of items considered valuable. Nowadays, there are many cases about the motorcycle theft happens in Malaysia. From the Royal Malaysia Police department motorcycle theft cases increased each year. In 2010, a total of 1475 reported cases involving theft of cars, motorcycles, vans and trucks while in 2011, a total of 2,086 cases were registered. Therefore in this project it proposed to design anti-theft motorcycle alarm which is a system that can prevent a motorcycle from being stolen. Alarm systems that have in the market nowadays are very sensitive and make many false alarms. Also, the current system, use a vibrate sensor or shock sensor as a main sensor. The false alarm will increase because if anyone touches the motorcycle, the alarm will trigger easily even though they do not have any senses of stealing. So, by doing this project, the motorcycle anti-theft system will reduce the false alarm as main objective. To do so, first is a research about the alarm system for motorcycle was done. The main component in the alarm circuit and sensor that will be used to achieve the objective was studied. After that, the circuit was constructed and the testing was done to make sure the system is running well. The Proteus software was used to simulate the circuit to see can the circuit functioning well. In this project, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design is used to develop the circuit. In this motorcycle anti-theft system, the main sensor used is mercury tilt sensor. This system will trigger when the mercury touch their two lids and the buzzer will ON. The mercury tilt sensor will place on the motorcycle center stand. Then, the alarm will just trigger when the stand is lift up. From this method, it will reduce the false alarm.
iv
ABSTRAK
Sistem anti-kecurian adalah sebarang peranti atau kaedah yang digunakan untuk mencegah atau menghalang kecurian daripada berlaku. Pada masa kini, terdapat banyak keskes tentang kecurian motosikal yang berlaku di Malaysia. Oleh itu dalam projek ini, telah dicadangkan untuk mereka bentuk satu sistem anti-kecurian penggera motosikal yang merupakan sistem yang boleh menghalang motosikal daripada dicuri dengan mudah. Sistem penggera yang ada dalam pasaran sekarang ini sangat sensitive. Selain itu, sistem penggera motorsikal semasa menggunakan sensor getaran atau sensor kejutan sebagai sensor utama. Penggera palsu akan meningkat kerana jika sesiapa menyentuh motosikal, penggera akan aktif dengan mudah walaupun mereka tidak mempunyai apa-apa niat mencuri. Jadi, dengan melakukan projek ini, sistem anti-kecurian motosikal akan mengurangkan penggera palsu sebagai objektif utama. Untuk berbuat demikian, pertama sekali, kajian tentang sistem penggera untuk motosikal telah dilakukan. Komponen utama dalam litar penggera dan sensor yang akan digunakan untuk mencapai objektif telah dikaji. Selepas itu, litar itu dibina dan ujian telah dilakukan untuk memastikan sistem ini berjalan dengan baik. Perisian Proteus telah digunakan untuk mensimulasikan litar untuk melihat adakah litar tersebut boleh berfungsi dengan baik. Dalam projek ini “Printed Circuit Board (PCB)” telah digunakan untuk membina litar. Dalam sistem anti-kecurian motosikal ini, sensor utama adalah merkuri kecondongan sensor. Sistem ini akan berfungsi apabila merkuri menyentuh dua kaki sensor itu dan menyebabkan penggera berbunyi. Sensor merkuri itu akan ditempatkan pada dua kaki berdiri motosikal, Kemudian, penggera hanya akan berbunyi apabila dua kaki berdiri motosikal dialihkan daripada kedudukan asal. Dari kaedah yang dijalankan ini, ia akan dapat mengurangkan penggera palsu.
v TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER
1
2
TITLE
PAGE
DEDICATION
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ii
ABSTRACT
iii
ABSTRAK
iv
TABLE OF CONTENT
v
LIST OF TABLE
viii
LIST OF FIGURE
ix
LIST OF APPENDIX
x
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
Project Background
1
1.2
Objectives
1
1.3
Problem Statement
2
1.4
Project Scope
2
PROJECT BACKGROUND
3
2.0
Overview
3
2.1
Literature review about alarm system
3
2.1.1
Anti-theft system
3
Previous system or technique
5
2.2.1
5
2.2
2.3
Shock Alarm Circuit
Types of component used
6
2.3.1
Mercury Tilt Switch
6
2.3.2
Transistor BC557
8
2.3.3
Relay 5V
9
2.3.4
Buzzer
11
vi 3
METHODOLOGY
12
3.0
Overview
12
3.1
Flowchart of project methodology
13
3.2
Design circuit
14
3.2.1
15
Component function in the circuit
3.3
Circuit operation
16
3.4
Simulation of circuit design
18
3.4.1
Troubleshooting and test the circuit using project board
3.5
Printed Circuit Board (PCB Design) 3.5.1
19 20
How design the circuit into the Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
20
3.5.1.1 Procedure to design the circuit into the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). 3.5.2
How to make the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design circuit
3.6
25
Installing the component at PCB board (Soldering)
4
21
27
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
28
4.0
Overview
28
4.1
Result for simulation using Proteus
29
4.1.1
4.1.2
Output voltage and current for the simulation
29
Waveform of the simulation
30
4.2
Hardware result
32
4.3
Discussion
34
vii
5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
35
5.0
Overview
35
5.1
Conclusion
35
5.2
Recommendation
36
REFERENCES
37
APPENDIX
38
viii LIST OF TABLE
TABLE
TITLE
PAGE
3.1
Component used in the circuit
14
ix LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Shock Alarm circuit diagram
5
2.2
Mercury tilt switch
6
2.3
Operation of mercury tilt switch
7
2.4
Transistor BC557
8
2.5
Basic circuit of PNP transistor (emitter)
8
2.6
Relay 5V
9
2.7
How a relay works
10
2.8
Buzzer
11
3.1
Flowchart of methodology process
13
3.2
Anti-theft motorcycle alarm circuit diagram
14
3.3
Circuit operation for anti-theft alarm circuit
16
3.4
Simulation using Proteus software
18
3.5
Troubleshooting the circuit
19
3.6
Soldering the component on PCB
27
4.1
Anti-theft motorcycle alarm in OFF mode.
29
4.2
Anti-theft motorcycle alarm in ON mode.
29
4.3
Waveform of the simulation in OFF mode.
30
4.4
Waveform of the simulation in ON mode.
31
4.5
The PCB circuit before attached at the hardware
32
4.6
The complete hardware of Anti-theft motorcycle alarm.
33
x LIST OF APPENDICES
TITLE
PAGE
Mercury tilt switch Datasheet
38
Transistor BC557 Datasheet
39-46
Diode 1N4148 Datasheet
47
Relay 5V Datasheet
48
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Project Background
Nowadays so many cases about motorcycle being stolen occurred. There are many kind of motorcycle alarm system that available in the market. Most of the alarm system use a vibrate sensor or shock sensor as a main sensor. When using this both sensor the alarm system become too sensitive because if anyone touches the motorcycle, the alarm will trigger easily even though they do not have any senses of stealing. By doing this project that using mercury tilt switch as the main sensor, it will trigger the alarm when the motorcycle is lifted off its center-stand. Of course this kind of alarm unable to catch the thief 100% but it prevents the motorcycle from being stolen easily. This project will control the false alarm because it is not only about vibrate or just touch the motorcycle, but it will trigger when the lid at mercury switch is contacted by the mercury. This project, cover the application of mercury sensor, relay and transistor.
2 1.2
Objectives
The objectives of this project are: i. To design the anti-theft motorcycle alarm circuit. ii. To simulate the circuit operation using Proteus software. iii. To develop the prototype for the anti-theft motorcycle alarm.
1.3
Problem Statement
Nowadays, there are many cases about the motorcycle theft happens in Malaysia. From the Royal Malaysia Police department motorcycle theft cases increased each year. In 2010, a total of 1475 reported cases involving theft of cars, motorcycles, vans and trucks while in 2011, a total of 2,086 cases were registered. However, the first seven months of 2012, a total of 832 cases have already been reported. [1] Negligence and carelessness identified as the main causes of many of the cases of loss of motorcycle. Therefore in this project, it is proposed to developed and constructed anti-theft motorcycle alarm to prevent this problem.
1.4
Project scope
Components such are mercury tilt switch, buzzer, relay, and transistor will be used to develop the motorcycle anti-theft system. For the first step, the theory about this system should be research. When all the components are ready, we will combine it in one circuit. The alarm should be able to generate loud sound and trigger when the motorcycle is try to be stolen.
3
CHAPTER 2
PROJECT BACKGROUND
2.0
Overview
In this chapter, there are some of point that will be review which is literature review about alarm system, previous system and technique and type of component used.
2.1
Literature review about alarm system
2.1.1 Anti-theft system
An anti-theft system is any device or method used to prevent or deter the unauthorized appropriation of items considered valuable. Theft is one of the most common and oldest criminal behaviors. From the invention of the first lock and key to the introduction of RFID tags and biometric identification, anti-theft systems have evolved to match the introduction of new inventions to society and the resulting theft of them by others.
Under normal circumstances, theft is prevented simply through the application and social acceptance of property law. Ownership is often indicated by means of visual marking (license plates, name tags). When clear owner identification is not possible and when there is a lack of social observance, people may be inclined to take possession of items to their own benefit at the expense of the original owner. Motive and opportunity are two enabling factors for theft. Given that motives for theft are varied and complex and are generally speaking not
4 within the control of the victim, most methods of theft prevention rely on reducing opportunities for theft. [2]
Items may require an anti-theft system for a variety of reasons, which may occur in combination depending on the type of item and its use:
a. The item is expensive and/or has sentimental value (prestigious car, family heirloom, birthday gift, war medals, coin collection) b. The item is difficult/impossible to replace if lost (produced in low numbers, antiques, and unique works of art) c. The item is easy to steal (retail/supermarket products, office stationery, no security tags (TJ) d. The item may be left unattended in an unsafe environment (laptops in a library, cars in a car park) e. Inappropriate use of the item may cause considerable damage or may enable further unauthorized acts (theft of car keys, stolen building access keys, identity theft) f. The item is desirable to others (jewelry, mobile phones, rare collectibles, auto parts, industrial designs)
5 2.2
Previous system or technique
This section will represent the previous project or system that already developed which is shock alarm circuit.
2.2.1 Shock Alarm Circuit
The Figure 2.1 is a shock sensitive alarm circuit that has many applications from home to automobiles. The main application of this circuit is to use it as an anti-theft alarm in automobiles. A piezoelectric sensor is used as the shock sensor which has to mount on the door or at body which you have to protect.
Here the IC1 LM 3558 is wired as an inverting Schmitt Trigger. The POT R1 sets the threshold voltage of the circuit.R1 is used as a feedback resistor. When not activated the output from the piezo sensor will be low and so do the output of the IC. When the piezo sensor is activated its output voltage goes high and triggers the Schmitt trigger. This results the beeping of the buzzer. The buzzer remains beeping for some time even if the vibration is removed, this is because the increase in the inverting input has little effect when the IC is triggered and the state cannot be easily reversed. [3]
Figure 2.1: Shock Alarm circuit diagram [3]
6 2.3
Type of component used
2.3.1 Mercury tilt switch
Figure 2.2: Mercury tilt switch Tilt switches contain a conductive liquid and when tilted this bridges the contacts inside, closing the switch. They can be used as a sensor to detect the position of an object. Some tilt switches contain mercury which is poisonous. A mercury switch (also known as a mercury tilt switch) is a switch whose purpose is to allow or interrupt the flow of electric current in an electrical circuit in a manner that is dependent on the switch's physical position or alignment relative to the direction of the "pull" of earth's gravity, or other inertia. Mercury switches consist of one or more sets of electrical contacts in a sealed glass envelope which contains a bead of mercury. The envelope may also contain air, an inert gas, or a vacuum. Gravity is constantly pulling the drop of mercury to the lowest point in the envelope. When the switch is tilted in the appropriate direction, the mercury touches a set of contacts, thus completing the electrical circuit through those contacts. Tilting the switch the opposite direction causes the mercury to move away from that set of contacts, thus breaking that circuit. The switch may contain multiple sets of contacts, closing different sets at different angles allowing, for example, Single-Pole, Double-Throw (SPDT) operation. [4]
7
Figure 2.3: Operation of mercury tilt switch
8 2.3.2 Transistor BC557
Figure 2.4: Transistor BC557 [5] Transistors are widely used electronic components that perform the function of a switch or an amplifier. The properties of the transistor allow it to be used as a rectifier, allow current to flow in only one direction. When the P side is made positive by an applied field, the barrier height is lowered and most of the electrons from the N side flow to the P side and most of the holes flow to the N side. The transistor is said to be forward biased in this case. When the applied field makes the P side negative, the barrier height is increased and only a leakage current can flow through the transistor. The transistor is said to be reverse biased in this case. A transistor can also function as an amplifier. When a small input current is applied to the base-emitter of a PNP transistor, it gets amplified and a larger current results in the collector-emitter circuit. A typical application of a transistor as a vital electronic component is in a radio wherein weak radio signals from an antenna are amplified into stronger signals identifiable by human ear by a transistor. [5]
Figure 2.5: Basic circuit of PNP transistor (emitter) [5]
9 2.3.3 Relay 5V
Figure 2.6: Relay 5V A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations. A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire wrapped around a soft iron core, an iron yoke which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and one or more sets of contacts (there are two in the relay pictured). The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to one or more sets of moving contacts. It is held in place by a spring so that when the relay is de-energized there is an air gap in the magnetic circuit. In this condition, one of the two sets of contacts in the relay pictured is closed, and the other set is open. Other relays may have more or fewer sets of contacts depending on their function. The relay in the picture also has a wire connecting the armature to the yoke. This ensures continuity of the circuit between the moving contacts on the
10 armature, and the circuit track on the printed circuit board (PCB) via the yoke, which is soldered to the PCB. [6]
Figure 2.7: How a relay works [7] When an electric current is passed through the coil it generates a magnetic field that activates the armature and the consequent movement of the movable contact either makes or breaks (depending upon construction) a connection with a fixed contact. If the set of contacts was closed when the relay was de-energized, then the movement opens the contacts and breaks the connection, and vice versa if the contacts were open. When the current to the coil is switched off, the armature is returned by a force, approximately half as strong as the magnetic force, to its relaxed position. Usually this force is provided by a spring, but gravity is also used commonly in industrial motor starters. Most relays are manufactured to operate quickly. In a low-voltage application this reduces noise; in a high voltage or current application it reduces arcing.
When the coil is energized with direct current, a diode is often placed across the coil to dissipate the energy from the collapsing magnetic field at deactivation, which would otherwise generate a voltage spike dangerous to semiconductor circuit components. Some automotive relays include a diode inside the relay case. Alternatively, a contact protection network consisting of a capacitor and resistor in series may absorb the surge. If the coil is designed to be energized with alternating current (AC), a small copper "shading ring" can be crimped to
11 the end of the solenoid, creating a small out-of-phase current which increases the minimum pull on the armature during the AC cycle.
A solid-state relay uses a thyristor or other solid-state switching device, activated by the control signal, to switch the controlled load, instead of a solenoid. An optocoupler (a lightemitting diode (LED) coupled with a photo transistor) can be used to isolate control and controlled circuits. [7]
2.3.4 Buzzer
Figure 2.8: Buzzer Buzzer is one of a transducer, which converts electrical energy to sound. This transducer used for this project as an indicator for alarm system.
12
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.0
Overview
This chapter will explain details on the project methodology and the project implementation to complete the project. This chapter consists of flowchart of project methodology, design circuit, circuit operation, simulation of design circuit and PCB design.
3.1
Flowchart of project methodology
The flowchart as in Figure 3.1 shows the step that followed for this project to be complete. The first step is gather all the information needed and do some literatures review about the system. After that, the simulation is being done to ensure that the design circuit can function well. Next is constructing the circuit into project board to do a testing and make a comparison with the simulation. After the testing at project board is being well, the circuit is constructing using PCB design. Lastly, the circuit is attached at the hardware.
13
Start
Construct hardware
Research about alarm and sensor use in the circuit
Simulated the circuit using No
Proteus software Is the hardware okay? No Is the simulation functioning?
Yes
Yes
Project completed
Construct the circuit
End No
Is the circuit functioning?
Yes
Figure 3.1: Flowchart of methodology process
14 3.2
Design circuit
At this stage research and study about all motorcycle alarm available in the market will be done. The components part that used to design the circuit will be decided. The figure 3.2 shows an Anti-theft motorcycle alarm circuit diagram that has been developed and Table 3.1 show the component used in the circuit.
Figure 3.2: Anti-theft motorcycle alarm circuit diagram
Table 3.1: Component used in the circuit Component used Mercury tilt switch Fuse 2 Amp Key switch Resistor 1k Ohm Resistor 4M7 Diode 1N4148 Transistor BC557 Capacitor 100uF Relay 5V Buzzer Battery 12V
No. of unit 2 unit 1 unit 1 unit 2 unit 1 unit 3 unit 2 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit
15
3.2.1 Component function in the circuit
a) Mercury tilt switch -
Act as a main sensor in this circuit. It will trigger when the lid at mercury switch is contacted by the mercury
b) Fuse 2Ampere -
Protect the wiring in this circuit.
c) Key switch -
Switch that can be activated only by a key. In this circuit, the key is used to ON/OFF the alarm.
d) Resistor -
To limit the current as the circuit needed.
e) Diode 1N4148 -
Permits the flow of current in one of the directions while the flow of high resistance is from another direction. Hence in it flow of current is in one way only and block the other way for the current flow.
f) Transistor BC557 -
Act as a switch to trigger the relay.
g) Capacitor 100µF -
Stores a charge in the circuit.
h) Relay 5V -
Act as a switch to trigger the buzzer.
i) Buzzer -
Transducer which creates sound in reaction of the electrical auditory signal given in the input.
j) Battery 12V -
As voltage supply for the circuit.
16 3.3
Circuit operation
Start
Motorcycle alarm in OFF mode, buzzer off
Did the mercury tilt switch trigger? . Yes Motorcycle alarm in ON mode, buzzer ON
End
Figure 3.3: Circuit operation for anti-theft alarm circuit
No
17
For the circuit operation when the circuit is receive the supply from battery, but if the mercury tilt switch not trigger the alarm system will not turn on because the current cannot flow through the circuit. But when the mercury tilt switch is trigger, the current will flow to the transistor GATE (G) terminal and trigger the transistor. When the transistor trigger, relay is energized to generate the buzzer and the alarm system will turn on.
18 3.4
Simulation of circuit design
Simulation is the imitation of the operation of real-world process or system over time. Simulation can be used to show the eventual real effects of alternative conditions and courses of action. It is also used when the real system cannot be engaged, because it may not be accessible or it may be dangerous or unacceptable to engage or it is being designed but not yet build or it may simply not exist. To make a simulation for the circuit design, the Proteus software is used to see if the circuit can function well. Using Proteus software the circuit design is apply at schematic capture (ISIS) to see how the circuit works and to see if there is any error with the circuit design. If the circuit can be operates well, after that the circuit is tested at project board. Figure 3.4 show the simulation of the circuit using Proteus software.
Figure 3.4: Simulation using Proteus software
19 3.4.1 Troubleshooting and test the circuit using project board
Figure 3.5: Troubleshooting the circuit After the circuit has been simulate using Proteus software and the circuit has no error and functioning well, the circuit is tested at project board. Troubleshooting using project board is made to see and confirm that the circuit can be operated at real hardware. Figure 3.5 show the circuit is troubleshooting at project board.
20 3.5
Printed Circuit Board (PCB Design) After all the simulation and troubleshooting is done, the circuit will transform into
hardware form. In this project PCB Design is used developed the circuit.
3.5.1 How design the circuit into the Printed Circuit Board (PCB).
To construct the PCB design for the circuit, the ARES software is used. Ares software is software that used to transform the circuit design into PCB layout. From schematic capture (ISIS), the circuit is changed into PCB layout (ARES) to see the layout of circuit design in PCB form. [8]
For every component in Proteus software, there is a component with packaging tool and a few components not have it. Using packaging tool, user can see if the size and pin number of component that used in schematic design is same with the component that user buy for the circuit. If same, the process of PCB Design can be continuing. Component’s size in PCB Design must be same as the real one to make the components fitted on the circuit that will be printed.
The PCB design that has done will be printed on the glossy paper (photo paper) using laser printer. This is because laser printer ink is made up from plastic material, and the design we print will stick nicely at glossy paper. The procedure below show how to design the circuit into the Printed Circuit Board (PCB).
21 3.5.1.1
Procedure to design the circuit into the Printed Circuit Board (PCB).
Step 1. From schematic capture, changed it into PCB layout design.
Step 2. At PCB layout design, put the entire component into the screen.
22 Step 3. All components have been placed on the screen.
Step 4. In step 4(a) show the auto-router button to make the design easy to route. In step 4(b) show button (begin routing) to start the route process.
23 Step 5. This step shows that the circuit has been route. After that, we arrange the component.
Step 6. The component is completely arranged.
24 Step7. This step shows how to convert from PCB layout design into PDF file, to make easy to print the design. Firstly, go to Output, Export Graphics and choose Adobe PDF File button.
Step 8. The PCB design in PDF file and can be printed.
25 3.5.2
How to make the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design circuit
Step 1. Cut the PCB board followed the printed PCB design glossy paper.
Step 2. Iron the glossy paper at the PCB board.
Step 3. After ironing the glossy paper, the paper will stick at PCB Board. Soak the PCB board using warm water to make only the circuit design attach at the PCB Board.
26 Step 4. Etching process. Soaked the PCB Board in the Ferric Chloride acid to remove excess unused cooper at the PCB board.
Step 5. Drill the hole at the PCB Board to put the component used in the circuit, PCB design done.
27 3.6
Installing the component at PCB board (Soldering)
Before soldering the components, the connectivity of the PCB was checked using the multimeter to make sure that the circuit has no problem. After the PCB connection has been checked, the board is ready for installing the component. The components pin should be installed following. All component attach to the PCB board should be soldered after installing the components by using soldering iron and its lead.
Figure 3.6: Soldering the component on PCB
28
CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.0
Overview This chapter shows the results for the project. It included the results for simulation and
hardware test. For this section it consist two major sub-development of the project which is result for simulation of the circuit using the Proteus, and the result for the hardware prototype.
4.1
Result for simulation using Proteus This chapter will discuss about result for simulation using Proteus software for output
current and voltage and waveform of the simulation.
29 4.1.1 Output voltage and current for the simulation
Anti-theft motorcycle alarm in OFF mode.
Figure 4.1: Anti-theft motorcycle alarm in OFF mode. In figure 4.1 it show that, the key switch in normally-open state, and no current flow in the circuit, current flow = 0A. Mercury tilt switch also in normally-open state and transistor is not trigger. When the transistor not trigger, relay is not energized to generate the buzzer. This show at output voltage = 0V.
Anti-theft motorcycle alarm in ON mode.
Figure 4.2: Anti-theft motorcycle alarm in ON mode.
30
In figure 4.2, it shows that, the key switch in normally-closed state, and current flow in the circuit = 1.13A. Mercury tilt switch also in normally-closed state, it mean the sensor is trigger. When the sensor is trigger the transistor also trigger. When the transistor trigger, relay is energized to generate the buzzer. This show at output voltage = 11.9V.
4.1.2 Waveform of the simulation
Waveform of the simulation in OFF mode.
Figure 4.3: Waveform of the simulation in OFF mode.
In figure 4.3, it show that when the alarm is in the OFF mode, no current flow and the waveform show that no output waveform.
31 Waveform of the simulation in ON mode.
Figure 4.4: Waveform of the simulation in ON mode
In figure 4.4, it show that when the alarm is in the ON mode, current flow and the waveform show that the output waveform from 0V become 6V when the mercury tilt switch trigger.
32 4.2
Hardware result
Figure 4.5: The PCB circuit before attached at the hardware
The Figure 4.5 show that the completed PCB circuit before attached at the hardware.
33
Figure 4.6: The complete hardware of Anti-theft motorcycle alarm.
The Figure 4.6 shows that the complete hardware of Anti-theft motorcycle alarm. The LED is use as the indicator to show when the alarm is on the ON mode. Buzzer is attached at outside the box to make the alarm produce loud sound. The mercury switched also is attached at outside the box to easy the user know and saw the operation of mercury tilt switch.
34 4.3
Discussion
At the beginning of this project, the research about motorcycle alarm and component it used is made using relevance information from internet and book. The anti-theft motorcycle alarm system is agreed. The main purpose of this project is to prevent the motorcycle from being stolen easily and alert people around when the motorcycle is try to be stolen.
With the Proteus software the circuit design is simulated to see if the circuit can function well before the circuit is developed and assembly into the hardware. After the circuit has been simulate using Proteus software and the circuit has no error and functioning well, the circuit is tested at project board. Troubleshooting using project board is made to see and confirm that the circuit can be operated at real hardware. In this project PCB Design is used developed the circuit.
For the circuit operation when the circuit is receive the supply from battery, but if the mercury tilt switch not trigger the alarm system will not turn on because the current cannot flow through the circuit. But when the mercury tilt switch is trigger, the current will flow to the transistor GATE (G) terminal and trigger the transistor. When the transistor trigger, relay is energized to generate the buzzer and the alarm system will turn on.
35
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0
Overview
In this chapter, all results have been discussed and conclusion has been made for the whole project. All the conclusion and the recommendation for the future work will be highlighted.
5.1
Conclusion
At the end of this Project Diploma, the objectives of the project have been achieved. All the scopes already covered but still have many rooms to make the modification. While completing this Anti-Theft Motorcycle Alarm, many new things and experience gained.
The circuit of Anti-Theft Motorcycle Alarm has been successfully designed after a few researched about motorcycle alarm has been made. After the design of the circuit was completed, the circuit is simulating using Proteus, the simulation was successfully done and all the result and analysis has been discussed at Chapter 4. The simulation has been transferred to the hardware implementation using Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The prototype of AntiTheft Motorcycle Alarm has been successfully developed.
36 Anti-Theft Motorcycle Alarm is very useful for motorcycle owner. This alarm will prevent the motorcycle from being stolen easily. By using mercury tilt switch as the main sensor, it will trigger the alarm when the motorcycle is lifted off its center-stand. Of course this kind of alarm unable to catch the thief 100% but it prevents the motorcycle from being stolen easily.
By using this alarm system, the many cases about the motorcycle theft can be prevent and reduced.
5.2 Recommendation
As the recommendations for this project, the IC555 Timer can be added to make the alarm automatically reset after a few moment. This system also can be upgraded with using automatic immobilizer added to the anti-theft system. The automatic immobilizer is an electronic security device fitted to an automobile that prevents the engine from running unless the correct key (or other token) is present. This prevents the motorcycle from being "hotwired" after entry has been achieved. At the end of this project, hopefully this system will be achieving the objective of the project. This system can be commercialized as an Anti-theft system for motorcycle. This is because of the cost to developed it is low and it can be implemented in any type of motorcycle.
37 REFERENCES
[1] http://www.sinarharian.com.my/edisi/utara/kes-curi-kenderaan-meningkat/2012
[2] http://www.smartmotorist.com/auto-security-systems/anti-theft-devices.html
[3] http://www.circuitstoday.com/shock-alarm-circuit
[4] http://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/what-is-tilt-sensor
[5] http://www.radartutorial.eu/semiconductors/
[6] http://www.electronicsclub.info/relays.htm
[7] http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/relay1
[8] http://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/expert/pcb-layout-design-with-proteus
38 APPENDICES
Mercury tilt switch Datasheet
39 Transistor BC557 Datasheet
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47 Diode 1N4148 Datasheet
48 Relay 5V Datasheet
49
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