Answers

NEW TRENDS IN ENDODONTIC

Q1-) WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF N : TI ROTATY INSTRUMENTATION ?

the increase in flexibility and elasticity, an increase in cutting efficiency, faster canal preparation -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q2-) WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF N : TI FILE FRACTURE ?

cyclic fatigue \is similar to taking a piece of wire and bending it up and down until it breaks ( , torsional stress radius of curvature, angle of curvature, and instrument size. speed of the instrument ,excessive pressure Q3-) WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF ROOT CANAL IRRIGATION?

facilitate removal of microorganisms, prevent packing of the hard and soft tissue in the apical root canal, dissolve either organic or inorganic tissue in the root canal, keep the environment wet FOR _ OBTURATION _: A) WHY WE DO IT ? B) WHAT ARE THE MATERIAL USED ? C) HOW THE TECHNIQUS ? a-Prevents

percolation and microleakage of periradicular exudate into the root canal space. �Prevents re-infection through good sealing of the apical foramina. �Creates a favorable biologic environment for the process of tissue healing to take place B - PASTES (sealer cements) e.g AH26 , Tubliseal - SEMISOLID MATERIALS e.g gutta-percha - SOLID MATERIALS e.g silver points

c-lateral compaction ,vertical compaction ,continuous wave compaction technique ,thermoplastic injection technique, carrierbased gutta-purcha Q5-) WHAT ARE THE PRECAUTION DURING ROOT CANAL IRRIGATION?

Bend the Needle 45° Move the needle up and down Holding the suction very close to the irrigated canal don’t use Excess pressure FOR _ APEX LOCATORS _: A) WHAT ARE THE TYPES ? B) THE CONSIDRATION DURING USE ? C) THE CAUSES OF WRONG READING ?

A- first,second ,third ,fourth generations b- Canals can be “wet”, pulp chamber MUST be dry! • As much pulp tissue as possible should be removed from canals • Temporary fillings, large amalgams, crowns may have negative affect • Use an appropriate file size • Canal has to be patent c- anatomical variations that make apical constriction, large coronal filling ,ssclerosed canal ,inflammatory resorption. Q7-) WHAT ARE THE PHYSICAL CHARCHTERSTICS OF N : TI FILES ?

Stiff, , resilient, and show shape memory, superelasticity, sharp cutting tip Q8-) WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF ENDODONTIC FAILURES?

Errors in diagnosis and treatment. Coronal leakage.

Lack of knowledge. Inadequate debridement. Operative errors. Obturation errors. Vertical root fracture

Done by :abdulelah al rshedan Best of luck