Answer Key Index: Intermediate Plus
September 22, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
NCQPKV LKY
JKNMIC
ICMKT
@VNBBNV >F
[CI] >
[CI] 6
>
;
[CI] 1
4
[CI] [C I] =
>>
[CI] ;
>;
[CI] 7
>9
[CI] 0
66
tdk tdirm ahcmitihcnj tdk supkrjntivk tdk pnssivk rkphrtkm spkkad tdk tdk prkskct prkskct pkrgkat pkrgkat ahcticuhus sibpjk tdk pnst pkrgkat n chc-mkcic` rkjntivk ajnusk
Ig I’I’m m dnm n adhiak, I whujm dnvk adhskc n jkss rnicy pjnak. tdk wkttkst aity ic tdk ahuctry I wns thjm By stntbntk wnrckm bk it wns tdk wkttkst aity ic tdk ahuctry! I’vk I’vk fkkc fkkc jivic` th I’m ckvkr trnvkjjkm wdiad is ic tdk chrtd hg Qpnic
AHBBHC KVVHVQ AHBBHC 6 > Pdnt bkncs tdis mhks tdis bknc8 6 Ig I’jj dnvk tibk, I’jj ahbk th tdk pnrty. 1 I jilk th mricl ahkk ic tdk bhrcic`./I jilk mriclic` ahkk ic
= ; 7 0 4 9 >?
tdk bhrcic`. Dk sthppkm th th pjnyic` ghhtfnjj fkanusk dk wns thh hjm. Pdkrk anc I anc fuy n jnpthp8 Ykstkrmny I’vk visitkm tdk buskub. I su``kstkm dkr th (tdnt) sdk nrrivk/ nrrivkm nrrivkm knrjy. Pdkrk nrk is yhur ju``n`ks8 I jistkc th busia kvkry mny. I’vk lchwc dkr sicak ghr tkc tkc yknrs.
> j g i k s t y j k s
WHANF[JNVY [CI] 4
6;
1N nmekativk 6 bujti-whrm vkrf 1 vkrf pdrnsk witd prkphsitihc > -ic` nmekativk su fix 7 ahbphucm chuc 0 prkx 4 imihb = ahjjhantihc ; sufi
_VHC[CAIN]IHC =F
Qnbk vhwkj shucm5 6, 1, ;, 7, 9
AHJJHAN]IHCQ ;N
dnvk5 n `hhm tibk, n mrknb mh5 kxkraisk, rksknrad bnlk5 nc khrt, n jivic` `h5 fy anr, hc n mikt
VK@IQ]KV 7
Ghrbnj5 6, =, ; (ghrbnj jkttkr, jkttkr, fusickss rkphrt) Icghrbnj5 >, 1, 7 (tkxts (tkxts hr chtks)
>.> AHGGKK MVICLKV8 WHANF[JNVY >N Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 Qu``kstkm shbkhckk wdh rk`ujnrjy `kts up knrjy fy adhiak > knrjy firm5 shbkhc tdk snbk tdic`/s rk`ujnrjy 6 stial th n rhutick5 mh tdk nativk jigkstyj jigkstyjk5 k5 n jigk gujj hg kxkr kxkraisk aisk ncm bhvkbkct< bhvkbkct< skmkctnry 1
jigkstyjk5 n jigk spkct bnicjy sittic` mhwc ncm cht kxkraisic` tdk fhmy = njtkrcntivk jigks jigkstyjk5 tyjk5 n jigk tdnt mhks mhks cht ahcghrb th chrbnj fkdnvihur ic shaikty jigkstyjk5 k5 n jigk spkct bhvic` tthh mikrkct pjnaks ; chbnmia jigkstyj 7 whrl jhc` dhurs5 spkcm n jht hg tibk whrlic`, k.`. knrjy bhrcic` uctij jntk nt ci`dt Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
>
6CM KMI]IHC
_J[Q IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q
NCQPKV LKY
VKNMIC@
B[J]IPHVM ]IPHVM WKVFQ WHANF[JNVY _J[Q B[J
6A `hnt-dkrmkr mkr wdh bnmk n mr mricl icl grhb ahkk fknc fkncss > Ldnjim wns n `hnt-dkr
0N N nativk
nkr chtiaic` dis `hnts fkahbic` bhrk kckr`ktia wdkc tdky ntk tdk fkncs. Fnfn Fumnc wns n >0td akctury trnvkjjkr wdh sbu``jkm skvkc ahkk fkncs th Icmin. misahvkrkm km ic Ktdihpin ic tdk 9td akctury NM< whrjm’s whrjm’s 6 Girsts5 ahkk misahvkr rst ahkk dhusk hpkckm ic Ahcstnctichpjk (chw anjjkm Istncfuj) ic >=0;< Arkbk _u wns tdk whrjm’s hjmkst ant< tdk rst tibk ahkk wns mrucl witd bijl wns wdkc n >0td akctury Grkcad mhathr prksarifkm bijl ncm ahkk ghr dis pntikcts< Qancmicnvincs nrk tdk cubfkr hck ahkk mriclkrs< Frnzij is tdk cubfkr hck ahkk prhmuakr. Qkahcms5 ahkk ahkk is tdk tdk whrjm’s skahcm bhst phpujnr mricl, nkr tkn< @rncmpn Vkx Njjkc wns tdk skahcm hjmkst ant< Wiktcnb is tdk whrjm’s skahcm jnr`kst ahkk prhmuakr. ncti-mkprkssnct, dkjp 1 It `ivks yhu kckr`y ncm anc nat ns nc ncti-mkprkssnct, furc gnt, ncm bny prhtkat pkhpjk grhb Njzdkibkr’s, _nrlicshc’s ncm mkbkctin.
@VNBBNV ]DK _NQQIWK< AN[QN AN[QN]IWK ]IWK DNWK 1N n) = f) > wns misahvkrkm, 6 dns fkkc sdhwc th dnvk, 1 dnm ckvkr fkghrk
fkkc mrucl, = dnm tdk fkncs pjnctkm ncm dnrvkstkm F > wdnt dnppkcs th
6 uclchwc 1 pnst
F skmkctnry
A chbnmia
F > hvkr 6 nkr 1 hvkr = mhwc ; h 0 icth 4 ghrwnrm th 9 (shbkhck) grhb A n) hvkr / nkr
7 up witd >? up witd
f) ghrwnrm th
WHANF[JNVY FNCL FNCL p>6? Bujti-whrm vkrfs w N > M 6 F 1 N = K ; A
F > lkkp th 6 put h 1 jhhl fnal = dncm fnal ; tnlk hc 7 tnlk up 0 put th`ktdkr 4 lkkp hc 9 jhhl ndknm >? dncm ic
>.6 JIGK IQ F[QY WHANF[JNVY WKVF + _VK_HQI]IHC >A > tnlk hc 6 bnlk tibk ghr 1 lkkp up witd = jkt (std) pijk up ; hvkrwdkjbkm fy 7 stru``jk witd 0 rnaic` nrhucm 4 dnvk ch ahctrhj hvkr 9 tnlk tibk hut
A
JIQ]KCIC@
njj truk
6N
M
]dk prh`rnbbk ghausks hc tdk prhfjkb hg pkhpjk gkkjic` thh fusy njj tdk tibk.
_nssivks5 Gnat 6 ‑ tdk mricl wns cnbkm nkr tdk pjnak< ahkk fkncs wkrk kxphrtkm. Gnat 1 ‑ ahkk wns prhdifitkm< it’s snim chw tdnt. Gnat = ‑ it wns sdhrtkckm. Gnat 4 ‑ ;?? fijjihc aups nrk mrucl . Gnat 9 ‑ahkk dns fkkc sdhwc Anusntivk dnvk5 Gnat > ‑ dk dnm tdkb turckm icth n mricl. JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL >.> p>?=‑>?; w JNC@[N@K
N > wns bixkm 6 dns fkkc kcehykm 1 is fkjikvkm = wkrk ictrhmuakm ; dns fkkc shjm 7 skct 0 wns shjm 4 bnmk 9 wns bnmk >? is bnmk F > Qdk dnm dkr dncmfn` sthjkc. adkalkm alkm fy tdk mhath mhathrr kvkry bhctd./Kv bhctd./Kvkry kry 6 I dnvk by fjhhm adk 1 = ; 7 0 4
bhctd I dnvkdisbydnir fjhhm Dk’s Dk’s dnvic` aut.adkalkm fy tdk mhathr. Pk’jj dn dnvk vk tdk wnjjs pnictkm. Dk dnm dis ch chsk sk frhlkc fy dis hpphckct. Qdk dnm n mr mrkss kss bnmk gghr hr tdk haansihc. haansihc. Pk dnm dib ghjjhwkm fy n privntk icvksti` icvksti`nthr. nthr. ]dky dnm tdkir rhh rhhgg rkpnirkm.
=N
cnijs F > wntad
F ahbpnrkm pnrkm tdkir suctncs hr ttnjlkm njlkm nfhut tdk > _rkvihusjy pkhpjk ahb
dhjimny.. Chwnmnys pkhpjk jhhl nt tdkir pdhck/ahbputkr ncm tnjl dhjimny nfhut dhw bncy kbnijs nrrivkm wdijk tdky wkrk nwny. 6 Naahrmic` th tdk prh`rnbbk wk ajnib th fk fusy fkanusk fusy-ckss is n pnrt hg hur stntus. It bnlks us gkkj ibphrtnct th fk fusy. A > ] 6 ] 1 G … skkc ns shbkhck wdh is jnzy (cht stupim) ; G cickty-dhur wkkls (cht sixty)
; > 6 1 =
dnm hur w wnsdic` nsdic` bnadick xkm wns `iv `ivkc kc n prizk wijj fk thjm dns fkkc sdhwc ; dnm by dknric` adkalk adkalkm m 7 nrk lchwc ghr thjm jm 0 dnm cht fkkc th frhlkc kc 4 dnm tdkir dhusk frhl
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
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@VNBBNV _VKQKC] ]KCQKQ5 QIB_JK WQ AHC]IC[H[Q, Q] Q]N]IWK N]IWK WKVFQ 1N
> tdk prkskct ahcticuhus usk uskm m ghr shbktdic` dnppkcic` nrhucm nrhucm chw (nt bhbkct) 6 prkskct sibpjk uskm ghr n dnfit (I hkc/usunjjy/njwnys …, kta.) stntks (wnct, jilk, jhvk, kta.) 1 prkskct sibpjk ghr stntks ahcticuhus icuhus uskm nkr whrms jilk njwnys / ahcticuhusjy = prkskct ahct ahcticuhusjy , kta. th mksarifk n rkpkntkm natihc tdnt bi`dt fk ncchyic` ahcticuhus cticuhus ghr n adnc`ic` situntihc situntihc ; prkskct ah 7 prkskct sibpjk ghr n gnat ahcticuhus icuhus ghr n pjncckm guturk natihc 0 prkskct ahct F n) 6
6 dhusk 1 rhhg = anr
>
f) 7 a) 1 m) > k) ; g) = `) 0
A
nrk cht JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL p>?=‑>?; _rkskct tkcsks w JNC@[N@K
N > nrk njwnys nslic` 6 dnvk 1 tdicl = spkcm ; mhc’t 7 `kt up 0 is 4 bnlk 9 jhhlic` >? adkal rknjisk >> ’b rkfuijmic` >6 pnict >1 cisd >= ahjjkat >; ’b puttic` F > sdk’s whrlic` 6 mhc’t rkbkbfkr 1 mkpkcms = nrk yhu stnyic`8 ; prkgkrs 7 I’b auttic` mhwc 0 is ibprhvic` 4 wk’rk trnvkjjic` 6
6CM KMI]IHC
_J[Q IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q
=F > try tryic` 6 I’b prkgkrric` prkgkr 1 jhhl jhhlic`, try nb tryic` mhc’t hc’t rknjisk, spkcm spkcm I’b spkcmic`, I’I’b b `hic` `h = I’b cht rknjisic` m mhc’t ’t rknjjy n`rkk, I’b tdicl tdiclic` ic` tdicl ; I’b cht rknjjy n`rkkic` mhc cmic` cmic` cm 7 adkal adkalic`, I’b ;F ryic` ` th `kt `kt up nt vk n. n.b b. > I’b tryic b rk rknj njjy jy fu fusy sy nt td tdkk bhbk bhbkct ct.. 6 I’I’b tryy cht th whrl whrl ic td tdkk kv kvkkcic` cic`ss. 1 I tr Fkghrkk I lchw lchw it, tw twhh d dhur hurss d dns ns misnpp misnppknr knrkm. km. = Fkghr Dk’’s njwn njwnys ys jh jhhl hlic ic` ` nt di diss pd pdhc hckk ; Dk
PVI]IC@
NC NV]IAJK< JKNVC ]H [QK _KVQ[NQIWK JNC@[N@K
Fkic` fhrkm bi`dt dkjp yhu th tdicl nfhut yhur jigk ncm tdic`s yhu whujm jilk th adnc`k. Fkic` fhrkm bi`dt icspirk yhu th mh shbktdic` arkntivk, kta. 6 ] 1 ] = G ; ]
K
[sic` pkrshcnj prhchucs5 Dnvk wk ghr`httkc …8 Pk tdicl hg fhrkmhb … (Ictrh) Vkgkrric` th rksknrad5 Vksknrad Vksknrad sdhws wk `kt n mhpnbick dit … (7) [sic` mkajnrntivk skctkcaks5 Hur sufahcsaihus bicm is usunjjy fkttkr nt shjvic` prhfjkbs … (6) [sic` rdkthrianj qukstihcs5 Is tdnt rknjjy suad n fnm tdic`8 (0)
>.1 PDN] PH[JM YH[ ]NLK8 WHANF[JNVY KWKVYMNY HFEKA]Q FNCL p>6? Kvkrymny Kvkrymny hfekats w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
>N > K 6 @ 1 N = A ; I 7 F 0 D 4 G 9 E >? M F > ausdihc 6 ji`dtkr 1 sdhk jnaks = sthhj ; nmnptkr 7 stnsd mrivk 0 kcvkjhpk 4 futthc 9 fkjt >? pju`
G[CA]IHC
MKQAVIFIC@ MKQAVIFI C@ KWKV KWKVYMN YMNY Y HFEKA]Q
6N
bkctihckm (tialkm)5 pnssphrt, jnpthp, dnrm mrivk, bhfijk pdhck, fjnclkt, ahkk pht, pkclcigk, ahhlic` pht, `uitnr, sijvkr ric`, mnm’s wntad cht bkctihckm5 thrad, adnr`kr, adnr`kr, ckaljnak F
]dky n`rkk nfhut njj tdk itkbs tdky bkctihc, kxakpt tdk ahkk pht. 1F > m 6 n
JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL >.1 p>?=‑>?; Mksarific` hfekats w JNC@[N@K
> jkntdkr, n 6 ckkm 1 icmispkcsnfjk/ksskctinj, usk = skctibkctnj ; `hhm 7 ksskctinj/icmispkcsnfjk 1 dknvy, usk
7N > ibprnatianj 6 tdicl 0 wntad 4 ksskctinj
MWM _VKWIKP >F Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5
@hhm5 it’s fknutiguj ‑ —tdk —tdk isjncm dns its fknuty ncm jivic` tdkrk anc fk rkwnrmic`’ Fnm5 it’s dnrm whrl jivic` tdkrk ‑ —n vkry thu`d jigkstyjk witd jhts hg hutmhhr whrl’
6 Ncswkrs5
_rhfjkbs witd phwkr suppjy ]dkrk’s eust hck sbnjj sdhp Kvkryhck dns th mh bhrk tdnc hck ehf Yhu’rk ishjntkm Yhu dnvk th mh kvkrytdic`5 —Ig wk wnct ncytdic` mhic` dkrk, wk dnvk th mh it ghr hurskjvks’. Yhu anccht jknvk knsijy5 —Ig n rkjntihcsdip wnsc’t whrlic` shbkwdkrk kjsk, yhu ahujm eust pnal tdk anr ncm `h ncm jknvk’. ]dk wictkrs nrk prhfnfjy ahjm5 —Ncm tdky’rk ykt th gnak tdkir rst wictkr hc Gnir Isjk’. 1F > ]dkrk’s ch kjkatriaity nt ci`dt ncm yhu anc fk aut h ghr mnys nt ncy
tibk hg tdk yknr. 6 Qdnuc Kvkry nfjk-fhmikm nmujticdn dns s thbijitnry mh skvkr skvkrnj nj ehfs. ncm Vnadkj wkrk tdk bijitnry. . ]dkir rkjntihcsdip is ckw ckw.. 1 ]dky dnm fkkc th`ktdkr ghr hcjy tdrkk bhctds wdkc tdky nppjikm th jivk hc tdk isjncm. ]rust ghr = Hcak, njbhst =?? pkhpjk jivkm dkrk. ]dk Cntihcnj ]rust Qahtjncm fhu`dt Gnir Isjk ic >9;=. uc >4 arhs ncm njj tdk isjncm’s isjncm’s ; ]dk phpujntihc is ;0. ]dky rruc ksskctinj skrviaks. dnjg wny fktwkkc tdk 7 It’s nt tdk thp hg tdk [citkm Lic`mhb, dnjgwny Qdktjncm Isjncms ncm tdk Hrlcky Isjncms. It is tdrkk bijks jhc` ncm hck ncm n dnjg bijks narhss, ncm it is Fritnic’s bhst rkbhtk icdnfitkm isjncm. =F phwkr/kjkatriaityy (uskm th tnjl nfhut fkic` ishjntkm) > fk witdhut phwkr/kjkatriait Gnir Isjk) 6 mhks skvkrnj ehfs (whrlic` ahcmitihcs hc Gnir situnti hc wdkc n adnc`k bust dnppkc 1 ic nc kxtrkbkjy mifiaujt situntihc
(tdk cubfkr hg pkhpjk hc Gnir Isjk) (Qknc ncm Vnadkj’s mkaisihc = tdky dnm th spkcm njj hg tdkir bhcky (Qknc bhvk th Gnir Isjk) stny pkrbnck pkrbnckctjy ctjy (Qknc ncm Vnadkj) ; th mhc’t ’t nadikvk buad (yhu dn dnvk vk th fk >??% 7 wknl natihcs tdnt mhc ahbbittkm th jigk hc tdk isjncm) bhbkcts cts (Qknc ncm Vnadkj’s rkjntihcsdip) 0 `hhm ncm fnm bhbk
; adhiak 7 surk
7N
Jivic` ic Ckw Yhrl ‑ sdk jilkm tdk bhcky, bhcky, tdk gnst pnak hg jigk, tdk —fuzz’ hg dkr whrl. Jivic` ic Kaunmhr ‑ sdk wns dknjtdikr, ntk fkttkr ghhm, mim bhrk kxkraisk, ncm ghucm tibk th rkjnx. Qdk jhvkm kxpkrikcaic` cnturk ncm tdk haknc, `hic` ghr wnjls ncm jhhlic` nt tdk stnrs. F
Qdk snys njj tdk Lky _drnsks kxakpt5 —it’s ibphrtnct th sjhw mhwc’ ncm —I buad prkgkr aity jigk’.
JKNVC J KNVC ]H VKQ_HCM ]H Q[@@KQ]IHCQ ;N > thh 6 n`rkk 1 tdic` = tdnt 4 limmic` 9 uskguj >? sny
>.= GNIV IQJK
spknlhutt kxpjnic tdk jigkstyjk yhu prkgkr spknlhu
1 ` = f ; g 7 a 0 k
=N > icmispkcsnfjk, ckkm 6 bnmk, skctibkctnj = ch, anc ; tdnt’s, pjny
>
MWM WIKP
0F
M > ]
NCQPKV LKY
0 cht rknjjy
prhs ncm ahcs kssny writkfnal n prhs writkfnal 4N
1 anc = surk ; ghr 7 tdic`
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It ictrhmuaks tdk thpia ncm `ivks nc kxnbpjk hg shbkhck wdh dns njrknmy kxpjhrkm tdis qukstihc. 1
6CM KMI]IHC
_J[Q IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q
>.; JHHLFNAL = skmkctnry
;N > fy 6 ghr
6N rst rst mrucl ic Adicn =,?? =,???? yknrs n`h. 6 ]kn wns
]kn jknv jknvks ks anc fk uskm th rk rknm nm tdk guturk. Bijl wns rst nmmkm th tkn ic tdk >0td akctury. HL HL
F skctkcak tkcak is tkn, cht pkhpjk, sh tdk pnssivk is 6 ]dk bnic thpia hg tdk skc
fkttkr dkrk. jknvks. ks. ]dk imkctit imkctityy hg tdk pkhpjk is cht 1 ]dk bnic thpia is tkn jknv ibphrtnct, sh tdk pnssivk is fkttkr dkrk. pkrshc hc is uclchwc, sh tdk pnssivk pnssivk is = ]dk bnic thpia is bijl. ]dk pkrs fkttkr dkrk. 1N > dnvk, aut 6 dnm, pnictkm 1 dnm, wnsdkm ; dnvk, adkalkm 7 dnvk, tkstkm
=N > spkcm 6 ’b mrivic` 1 whrl = mrivk ; ’b whrlic` 7 nrk tnlic` 0 is 4 nrk 9 mhc’t dnvk >? ’b mrivic` >> ’b jhhlic`
WKVF + _VK_HQI]IHC
]DK _NQQIWK< AN[QN AN[QN]IWK ]IWK DNWK
1 = ; 7
>
_VKQKC] ]KCQKQ
JIGKQ]YJK >N > nativk 6 knrjy firm 1 jhc` dhurs ; stial (th n) rhutick 7 chbnmia
NCQPKV LKY
1 up = witd ; nrhucm, up 7 hc
F Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5
Nt tdk bhbkct I’b hvkrwdkjbkm fy njj tdk rkvisihc I ckkm th mh ghr by kxnbs. It’s ibphrtnct ghr bk th try ncm bnlk tibk ghr pjnyic` tdk `uitnr.
MKQAVIFIC@ HFEKA]Q 7N > fhttjk
6 ubfrkjjn 1 anbkrn = stnbp ; ckaljnak
= dnm, ajknckm
F Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5
Pdkc wns Pdkrk mim tdk yhujnst jnsttibk dnvkyhu yhurdnm dniryhur aut8dhusk pnictkm/anr wnsdkm8 Mh yhu jilk th dnvk yhur anr wnsdkm fy htdkrs hr mh yhu mh it yhurskjg8 Dnvk yhu dnm yhur kyks tkstkm rkakctjy8
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=
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
NCQPKV LKY
6.> @KCI[Q ICWKC]IHCQ
PVI]IC@
WHANF[JNVY NMEKA]IWKQ ]H MKQAVIFK
0F
ICWKC]IHCQ >F > chvkj, `rhucmfrknlic` 6 murnfjk 1 stibsy = gucatihcnj ; stkxifjk 7 stuccic` 0 phrtnfjk 4 kmifjk 9 uciquk >? fihmk`rnmnfjk >> ajip-hc
I jilk tdk gnat tdnt tdis is kmifjk ghr sd ‑ sh it’s it’s natunjjy fihmk`rnmnfjk. (six pnal ric`s)
JIQ]KCIC@ 6N
firmy sti`dt stibujnthr, kmifjk sphhcs, dhrsk scknlkrs, wntkr ghr ahkk mriclkrs 6 ] 1 G ‑ bnmk hg mhu`d 7]
= G ‑ ncy stnvhur yhu jilk
@VNBBNV ^[KQ]IHC GHVBQ< ICMIVKA] ^[KQ]IHCQ 1N > yhu lchw F n) 1
6 Pdh 1 it dnvk = tdksk nrk ; whujm yhu
f) ; a) > ncm = m) 6
A > icmirkat
6 phsitivk stntkbkcts 1 mhc’t usk
=N > Anc I nsl wdnt yhu lchw nfhut tdis mksi`c8 hu wnct th fuy tdis8 6 Pdy whujm yyhu mkvkjhpkm kjhpkm td tdis is imkn8 1 Pdh mkv fihmk`rnmnfjk8 k`rnmnfjk8 = Anc yhu tkjj bk ig tdis is fihm dnvk vk n pr prnatianj natianj usk8 ; Mhks it dn dis is n `hhm imkn8 7 Mh yhu tdicl ttdis
]I_
It dns n qukstihc bnrl. JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 6.> p>?7‑>?0 w JNC@[N@K
N > f) 6 a) 1 f) = n) ; a) 7 n) F tkjjjj bk wdnt ttibk ibk tdk sdhw is8 > Anc yhu tk Bnrahh put tdk ju``n`k8 6 Mh yhu lchw wdkrk Bnra yhu u dhw hjm yhu yhu nrk8 1 Anc I nsl yh hu’vk kvkr skkc hck hg tdksk fkgh fkghrk8 rk8 = Anc yhu tkjj bk ig yyhu’vk ; Anc I nsl wdnt yhu tdicl hg tdk imkn8 prhfjkb hfjkb is8 7 Mh yhu lchw wdnt tdk pr ;N
Qkk numih saript 6.1 ghr ncswkrs. [cit 6 Vkahrmic` 1
> 6 1 = ; 7
Cht icajumkm5 1 icgh nfhut sdippic` ‑ ajkvkr ajip = fnal`rhucm icgh ‑ ajkvkr ajip
]dksk nrk sphhcs8 ]dky’rk kmifjk8 Yhu whujm fuy hck hg tdksk8 Dk’s dkr gntdkr. Dk’s Irnci Irncinc. nc. It’s cick h’aajhal. jhal . Pk’rk jntk. Yhu’vk skkc it fkghrk8 Qdk jivks dkrk8 ]dksk nrk dkr tdic`s8
6
4N
Yks, tdk tkxts ghjjhw tdk nmviak ic tdk tips. F
A Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5
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N _VHM[A] MKQAVI_]IHC< JKNVC ]H PVI]K _KVQ[NQIWK AH_Y
Mim yhu lchw tdnt …8 2 ]ips >, 7 Qh, ig yhu wnct tdk pkrgkat … yhu ckkm … 2 ]ip 1 … is tdk whrjm’s rst 2 ]ip ; … kcdncak tdk tnstk ncm tdk nrhbn hg 2 ]ip = ]dk B]N Dnirajip is strkc`tdkckm witd … 2 ]ip 6 Qh ckxt tibk yhu’rk … 2 ]ip 7 A wnct nct tdk pkrgkat aup > Nrk yhu n ahkk kctdusinst8 Qh ig yhu w
hg ahkk sarkwmrivk r, n fhttjk hpkckr, n cnij 6 it’s murnfjk ncm it gknturks n sarkwmrivkr, jk, n trhjjky ahic ncm n skrrntkm lcigk, njj ahctnickm witdic tdk 7x6.= ab ajip. ic`< Qh ig yhu wnct tdk pkrgkat aup 1 yhu anc anrry it hc yhur lky rric`< hg ahkk ic tdk bhrcic`, yhu ckkm Nquikb, tdk whrjm’s rst mksi`ckr ahkk wntkr< th kcsurk yhu anc frkw tdk pkrgkat aup hg ahkk wdkckvkr yhu wnct it jhhls jilk n chrbnj chrbnj dnirajip = purikm tdkc fjkcmkm< it jhhls fkst st tnstk< kxt kxtkcsivk kcsivk rksknrad< prkaisk ; th `ivk it its vkry fk ghrbujn< trujy bujtigucatihcnj 7 … wdkckvkr yyhu hu wnct it< Ig yhu’r yhu’rkk cht icth ahkk ahkk,, yhu anc njsh usk Nquikb ghr tkn! Ckvkr dnvk n sarkwmrivkr wdkc yhu ckkm hck8 yhu anc anrry it hc yhur lkyric`, sh yhu ckvkr n`nic …
b n l k r s
M hu lchw tdnt > Mim yyhu 6 is spkainjjy mksi`ckm 1 Mksi`ckm fy = trujy uciquk ; Qh, ig yhu wnct th spkcm pkrgkat kat ghr yhu. 7 nrk pkrg
6.6 F[IJMKVQ WHANF[JNVY F[IJMIC@Q >N > N antdkmrnj F tkbpjk A gnathry M bhsquk K anstjk struaturk ruaturk witd pnrts tdnt turc nr nrhucm hucm ic = wicmbijj5 fuijmic` hr st
tdk wicm, uskm ghr prhmuaic` kjkatrianj phwkr hr arusdic` `rnic fnrc5 f nrc5 n jnr`k gnrb fuijmic` ghr sthric` arhps, hr ghr lkkpic` ncibnjs ic `rkkcdhusk5 `jnss fuijmic` uskm ghr `rhwic` pjncts `rkkcdhusk5 wnrkdhusk5 jnr`k fuijmic` ghr sthric` jnr`k qunctitiks hg `hhms wnrkdhusk5 anvk5 jnr`k cnturnj dhjk ic tdk simk hg n aji hr dijj, hr ucmkr tdk `rhucm sdkm5 sbnjj fuijmic`, hkc bnmk hg whhm, uskm kspkainjjy ghr sthric` tdic`s sdkjtkr5 fuijmic` hr nc nrkn witd n rhhg hvkr it tdnt prhtkats yhu sdkjtkr5 grhb tdk wkntdkr hr grhb mnc`kr F > antdkmrnj, bhsquk, tkbpjk 6 wnrkdhusk, sdkm sdkjtkr,, anstjk 1 fnrc, `rkkcdhusk = wicmbijj, gnathry ; sdkjtkr 7 anvk A > anstjk
6 wicmbijj 1 sdkm = sdkjtkr ; `rkkcdhusk
6N m ‑ wicmbijj, t ‑ anstjk, u ‑ bhsquk
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;
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_J[Q IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q
F > p ic aupfhnrm 6 c ic ahjubcs 1 l (rst) ic lchalkm = s ic isjncm ; u ic `unrm ncm t ic anstjk 7 w ic wdhjk lckk,, tdubf, swhrm, swhrm, snjbhc, Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 sdhujm, whujm, lckk
fhbf, lchw FNCL 6.6 p>6> w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
>N > adibcky 6 shjnr pnckj 1 nttia = rhhg ; akijic` 7 dnjjwny 0 fnskbkct 4 vkrncmn 9 fnjahcy >? `uttkr F > shjnr pnckj 6 adibcky (ckkm n rk th lkkp wnrb)< bnyfk `uttkr (ic ahuctriks wdkrk it rnics bhrk ic wictkr) 1 nttia, fnskbkct = `uttkr (bnyfk adibcky, bnyfk dnjjwny) ; vkrncmn, fnjahcy (bnyfk rhhg hc shbk fuijmic`s)
VKNMIC@ 1F
Picmbijj bnc5 > Pijjinb Lnblwnbfn fuijt n wicmbijj ghr dis vijjn`k ic Bnjnwi wdkc dk wns ghurtkkc yknrs hjm. 6 Dk snw n min`rnb ncm kxpjncntihc ic n jifrnry fhhl. 1 dis gnbijy ncm tdk vijjn`krs = rkayajkm bntkrinjs, k.`. n fiayajk grnbk, pjnstia pipks ; fuijt htdkr wicmbijjs ncm n wntkr pubp, nppknrkm hc ]W, writtkc n fhhl, `ivkc tnjls. Anvk mi``kr5 > Vn _nujkttk is n saujpthr wdh arkntks fknutiguj anvks 6 wns whrlic` ic n ehf mi``ic` wkjjs wdkc dk mkaimkm th whrl witd dis dncms 1 jhanj pkhpjk wdh ahbbissihc tdkb = ]dk anvks nrk cnturnj. Dk sdnpks tdkb usic` dncm-dkjm thhjs. ; ahbpjktkm bhrk tdnc n mhzkc anvks, dnm n mhaubkctnry bnmk nfhut dib. Jigk dnsc’t adnc`km buad.
NCQPKV LKY
0N ah-arknthr knthr,, misnsskbfjk, rkns rknsskbfjk skbfjk > bimci`dt, bisspkct, ah-ar rkjinfjk, busianj, cnturnj 6 ehyguj, gnbhus, adijmisd, bn`ianj, rkjinfjk, F bisucmkrstncm n) bis- , k.`. bisdknr, bisucmkrstncm f) rk-, k.`. rkvikw a) bim- , k.`. bim-bhrcic` m) mis-, k.`. misnpprhvk k) ah-, k.`. ah-whrlkr A
]ruk 4 > misdhckst 6 ah-pijht 7 mhnfjk 0 biseum`km
1 hri`icnj = rkfuijm ; bim-bhrcic` 4 bhuctnichus 9 ah-whrlkrs >? dkjpguj
FNCL >.> p> p>6> 6> Qufi Q ufixks w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
6 > misnstrhus 6 mrknmguj 1 suitnfjk = gnfujhus ; anpnfjk 7 ckrvhus 0 icvkstbkct 4 licmckss 9 nmbirntihc >? ghhjisd >> nbnzkbkct >6 skjsd
Q_KNLIC@ 9N > uskguj 6 bisucmkrstncm ; busianj 7 rkwritk
1 nmvkcturhus = mishr`nciskm
F
Qdkjtkr dkjpkr5 > Kjvis Qubbkrs is n fuijmkr hg sdkjtkrs/dhbks ghr tdk dhbkjkss. 6 Dk snw n dhbkjkss whbnc kvkry mny ncm mkaimkm th dkjp dkr. 1 tdk dhbkjkss = Dk fuys bntkrinjs ncm nsls ghr mhcntihcs hg whhm. ; Dk dns jnucadkm n gucmrnisic` anbpni`c, fuijt hvkr =? sdkjtkrs, ncm is mkvkjhpic` n bhfijk sdhwkr ucit. Dis jigk dns adnc`km fkanusk hg dis whrl fuijmic` ncm rnisic` bhcky ghr bncy sdkjtkrs.
> dncmbnmk hfekats 6 ehlks 1 ghhm = pnrtiks 7 sthriks
@VNBBNV _VKQKC] _KVGKA] _KVGKA] QIB_JK NCM
6N
AHC]IC[H[Q =N > dns fkahbk 6 dns fkkc `ivic` 1 dns fkkc arkntic` = dns ahbpjktkm ; dns fkkc fuijmic` 7 dnvk ahcstruatkm F natihcs55 >, =, 7. Hc`hic`, icahbpjktk icahbpjktk natihcs5 6, 1, ; > Ahbpjktkm natihcs 6 >, =, 7 1 6, 1, ; A > dnvk
6 fkkc 1 ahcticuhus = sibpjk ; sibpjk
w JNC@[N@K JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 6.6 p>?7‑>?0 N > kcehykm 6 fuijt 1 fkkc whrlic` = ahbpjktkm ; fkkc dimmkc 7 fkkc tryic` F > fkkc rnicic` 6 fkkc mhic` 1 wntadkm = sphlkc ; fkkc wnitic` 7 cisdkm 0 fkkc whrlic` 4 fkkc pjnccic` 9 writtkc >? rknm ;N > dnvk fkkc pjnccic` 6 dnvk rkakivkm 1 dnvk yhu skkc = dns fkkc writic` ; dnvkc’t lchwc 7 dnvk fkkc tryic` 0 dns fkkc pnictic` 4 dnvkc’t icajumkm 9 dnvk yhu fkkc mhic` >? dns fkkc whrlic`/dns whrlkm
WHANF[JNVY _J[Q PHVMF[IJMIC@5 _VKGITK _VKGITKQ Q 7
NCM Q[GGITKQ
thwkrs hg whhmkc fjhals, Jk`h anstjks ncm dhusks (kbpirks), (kbpirks), n mnb ic tdk strknb, frim`ks hg pnstn ncm `juk, n busianj icstrubkct hg whhm ncm ruffkr fncms
6
; busia
6.1 QH[CMQ JILK N _JNC! WHANF[JNVY _VHEKA]Q cncaic` 2 gucmic` (bhcky) ghr n prhekat gucmrnisic` 2 nativitiks th bnlk bhcky ghr n prhekat/adnrity `rncts 2 nc nbhuct hg bhcky `ivkc fy n `hvkrcbkct hr hr`ncisntihc ghr n pnrtiaujnr purphsk sphcshrs 2 pkhpjk hr hr`ncisntihcs tdnt pny ghr nc kvkct hr prhekat fum`kt 2 tdk nbhuct hg bhcky ckkmkm ghr n prhekat/kvkct vkcuks 2 pjnaks/jhantihcs wdkrk nc hr`nciskm kvkct anc tnlk pjnak pkrshcckj 2 pkhpjk kbpjhykm ic n ahbpncy kquipbkct 2 tdic`s tdnt nrk ckkmkm ghr n pnrtiaujnr purphsk jh`istias 2 tdk mktnijkm hr`ncisntihc hg n prhekat/kvkct/nativity prhekat/kvkct/nativity sadkmujk 2 n tibktnfjk/pjnc ghr n prhekat hr kvkct prhbhtihc 2 tdk pufjiaisic` hg nc kvkct hr n prhmuat pufjiaity 2 `ivic` hut bntkrinj hr icghrbntihc th nmvkrtisk shbktdic` F > Bhcky5 cncaic`, gucmrnisic`, `rncts, sphcshrs, fum`kt
Prittkc mhwc5 `rncts, fum`kt _khpjk hr hr`ncisntihcs5 sphcshrs 6 prhbhtihc, pufjiaity 1 pkrshcckj = kquipbkct ; vkcuks 7 sadkmujk 0 jh`istias A cncaic`, gucmrnisic`, `rncts, sphcshrs, fum`kt, prhbhtihc, pufjiaity, pkrshcckj, kquipbkct, vkcuks, sadkmujk, jh`istias
G[CA]IHC
E[M@IC@ NCM KWNJ[N]IC@ IMKNQ
1N
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7
6CM KMI]IHC
_J[Q IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q
F > th nppjy ghr tdk `rnct 6 rnic is ghrkanst hc ]dursmny, 1.?? is thh jntk ns it wijj `kt mnrl 1 N gnbhus nathr dns n`rkkm th stnr ic tdk jb. = nt tdk hjm pufjia sdkjtkr fy tdk rivkr ic tdk pnrl =N > tdicl 6 phtkctinj 1 shucms 0 ]dnt’s 4 bi`dt 9 tdnt
6
writkfnal writk fnal nc nrtiajk 4N
Yks. Fkanusk it’s nc ibphrtnct twkcty-rst-akctury slijj< it’s ckkmkm th ahpk witd tdk rnpimjy adnc`ic` whrjm< kbpjhykrs wijj fk jhhlic` ghr pkhpjk witd arkntivk imkns, wdh anc cm arkntivk shjutihcs th prhfjkbs.
= shucm ; chc-stnrtkr 7 whrl
F _hsitivk kxprkssihcs5 I tdicl it dns phtkctinj< ]dnt shucms `rknt<
tdnt’s n phssifijity< tdnt bi`dt whrl< I jilk tdk shucm hg tdnt Ck`ntivk kxprkssihcs5 tdnt’s n chc-stnrtkr< I’b cht surk tdnt’jj whrl. ;N > Mh yhu jilk tdk imkn8 6 ]dnt bi`dt whrl. 1 ]dnt jhhls/shucms `rknt! = I’b cht ahcvicakm nfhut tdnt. ; Ch wny.
w JNC@[N@K JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 6.1 p>?7 > 6 1 = ; 7
NCQPKV LKY
N5 Mh yhu jilk tdk imkn8 F5 I’b cht ahcvicakm nfhut it. N5 Dhw mhks tdnt shucm8 F5 ]dnt skkbs jilk n rknjjy `hhm imkn. N5 ]dnt’s n phssifijity. F5 I dnvk by mhufts nfhut tdnt. I tdicl it dns phtkctinj. N5 F5 It’s hut hg tdk qukstihc. N5 Pdnt mh yhu tdicl8 F5 I jilk tdk shucm hg it. N5 I’b cht surk it’jj whrl. F5 It’s n chc-stnrtkr.
JKNVC ]H @IWK _VNIQK 0N > Nbnzic`! 6 Gnctnstia! 1 Kxakjjkct! = Phcmkrguj! vkjjhus! 7 Frijjinct! 0 Nwkshbk! ; Bnr vkjjhus!
6.; JHHLFNAL ICMIVKA] ^[KQ]IHCQ >N wdnt nt yhu’rk mhic` mhic` jntkr8 > Anc yhu tkjj bk wd 6 Anc I nsl yhu wdkrk yhu’rk `hic` nt tdk wkklkcm8 wdhh yhur gnvhuritk busiainc busiainc / nrtist / mksi`ckr is8 1 Anc yhu tkjj bk wd yhu’rk rk `hic` ghr yhur ckxt dhjimny dhjimny88 = Mh yhu dnvk ncy imkn wdkrk yhu’ yhur ur pjncs nrk ghr tdk ck ckxt xt yknr hr twh8 twh8 ; Mh yhu lchw wdnt yh wdkrk krk yhu wkct th th sadhhj8 7 Anc yhu tkjj bk wd hu ig yhu kcehy jknrcic` jnc`un`ks8 0 Anc I nsl yyhu
NMEKA]IWKQ ]H MKQAVIFK ICWKC]IHCQ 6 > stuccic` 6 murnfjk 1 `rhucmfrknlic` 7 ajip-hc 0 fihmk`rnmnfjk 4 kmifjk
= stibsy ; uciquk
F[IJMIC@Q 1N bhsquk, `rkkcdhusk, wicmbijj, fnrc, anvk, sdkm, anstjk, sdkjtkr sdkjtkr,,
tkbpjk, wnrkdhusk, gnathry, antdkmrnj
_VKQKC] _KVGKA] QIB_JK NCM AHC]IC[H[Q
6.= AVKN]IWI]Y MWM WIKP 6N
rknmic` fhhls, `hic` th buskubs / tdk tdkntrk, bnlic` shbktdic` ckw grhb shbktdic` hjm, pjnyic` `nbks witd adijmrkc, mhic` dhuskwhrl, xic` tdic`s nrhucm tdk dhusk, pjnyic` tdk `uitnr. F
Qnbnctdn5 arkntivk ic tdk litadkc, icvkctic` ckw rkaipks Gjnt bntk5 dncmy pkrshc, frijjinct nt xic` tdic`s nrhucm tdk dhusk Adris5 n jittjk fit arkntivk, nrtwhrl tkrrifjk fut jilks th rknm fhhls ns n arkntivk nat, kcehys `hic` th buskubs ncm jifrnriks _nuj5 pjnys tdk `uitnr, writks n gkw jyrias, npprkaintks nrt ncm mikrkct typks hg busia grhb nrhucm tdk whrjm _ntriain5 _jnys witd dkr shc ncm dns th bnlk up sthriks ncm bnlk ckw tdic`s hut hg hjm tdic`s Vusskjj5 nrtistia fut cht `hhm nt nrt A >m
=N > ’vk (dnvk) fkkc whrlic` 6 ’vk (dnvk) fkkc wnitic` 1 ’vk (dnvk) ajknckm = ’vk (dnvk) adnc`km ; ’vk (dnvk) fkkc jistkcic` 7 ’vk (dnvk) hrmkrkm 0 ’vk (dnvk) fkkc pnictic` 4 ’vk (dnvk) tnlkc
KWNJ[N]IC@ IMKNQ I MKNQ E[M@IC@ NCM KWNJ[N ;N > tdicl 6 shucm 1 surk 0 wny 4 whcmkrguj
= whrl ; mhufts 7 phssifijity
6 g 1 f = d ; i 7 n 0 e 4 k 9 a >? `
1 > @kck
6 Vhxncck 1 Qhpdik
= > busia 6 n rnppkr 7 tdkntrk
= Vhxncck ; Vhxncck 7 Qhpdik
1 yhuc` = mirkathrs ; pjny `nbks
; > @kck 6 _ntriain 1 _nuj = _nuj ; Vhxncck 7 Vhxncck 0 _ntriain 4 Vhxncck 9 Vhxncck >? Vhxncck
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IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
NCQPKV LKY
1.> Q[VGIC@ MVKNBQ
1
WHANF[JNVY NMWKVFQ ;N
VKNMIC@ >F Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 Qdk is n hck-nrbkm surgkr. Qdk wns n
ahbpktitivk surgkr wdh survivkm n sdnrl nttnal wdkc sdk wns >1 yknrs hjm. N sdnrl nttnalkm dkr wdijk sdk wns surc` ncm thhl n fitk hut hg tdk surhnrm ncm njsh dkr jk nrb. Njtdhu`d sdk jhst dkr nrb, sdk ahcticukm th surg ncm wic ahbpktitihcs. 6N
> Qdk bncn`ks th surg aahbpktitivkjy hbpktitivkjy witd eust hck nrb. ]dis is fhtd frnvk ncm pdysianjjy vkry mkbncmic`. Qdk mimc’t njjhw wdnt dnppkckm th dkr mkstrhy dkr mrknbs ghr tdk guturk. sdkk wns ki`dt. 6 Pdkc sd >;-ghht ;-ghht ti`kr sd sdnrl nrl wdijk surc`. Qdk 1 Qdk wns nttnalkm fy n > survivkm tdk nttnal fut jhst dkr jk nrb. = ]dk wntkr wns vkry anjb. hwnrms tdk sdhrk. sdhrk. ; Qdk stnykm anjb ncm trikm th pnmmjk tthwnrms dkjp p grhb dkr grikcms ncm njsh ibbkmintk bkmianj bkmianj 7 Qdk rkakivkm dkj trkntbkct. nclkm nbhc` tdk tthp hp ;? gkbnjk surgkr surgkrss ic tdk 0 Yks, sdk is rrnclkm whrjm. F > n du`k aducl 6 anbk hut hg tdk fjuk 1 dict hg mnc`kr = rnclkm ; cubkrhus 7 risic` stnr 0 jhst dkr jigk 4 trn`kmy strual 9 pnmmjk >? mnc`jic`
ucmhuftkmjy, typianjjy, adkkrgujjy, cknrjy, jitkrnjjy, mkspkrntkjy, nbnzic`jy, rknjistianjjy, frnvkjy A > mkspkrntkjy 6 frnvkjy 1 ucmhuftkmjy = typianjjy ; rknjistianjjy 7 jitkrnjjy 0 nbnzic`jy 4 adkkrgujjy 7F
typianjjy (1) Hhh frnvkjy (6) Hh rknjistianjjy (;) hhHhh ucmhuftkmjy (=) hHhh adkkrgujjy (1) Hhh nbnzic`jy (=) hHhh jitkrnjjy (1) Hhh mkspkrntkjy (1) Hhh
w WHANF[JNVY FNCL FNCL p>66 H_ICIHC NMWKVFQ N > M 6 K 1 N = G ; F 7 A F > nppnrkctjy 6 skrihusjy 1 hfvihusjy = mkcitkjy ; _krshcnjjy 7 Akrtnicjy
PVI]IC@
N FIH@VN_DY< JKNVC ]H [QK
JICLKVQ
@VNBBNV CNVVN]IWK ]KCQKQ 1N pnssivk),, fhrc (sdk > pnst sibpjk5 wns fittkc h (pnst sibpjk pnssivk)
wns fhrc), `rkw up, jhvkm, spkct, wns, kctkrkm, wns, ahbpktkm, wns, strual, wns nttnalkm, thhl, jhst, anbk, dnm, wkrk, snw, gkjt, mimc’t rknjisk, jhhlkm mhwc, snw, wns, bncn`km, stnrtkm, trikm, rkakivkm, survivkm, rkakivkm, jhhlkm, wkrk, mkaimkm, wnsc’t `hic` th, wns icspirkm (pnst sibpjk pnssivk) guturkk wns jhhlic` fri`dt, wn wnss surc`, I 6 pnst ahcticuhus5 tdk gutur wns (eust licm hg) rhjjic` njhc` … rkjnxic` … mnc`jic`, wns wiccic` 1 pnst pkrgkat5 wdnt dnm dnppkckm, dnm `hck F > pnst sibpjk
6 pnst ahcticuhus 1 pnst ahcticuhus = pnst
pkrgkat A Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5
> I gkjj h n jnmmkr. wnss jyic` hc by surhnr surhnrm m cht mhic` 6 ]dk suc wns sdicic`. / I wn ncytdic` buad. / It wns n dht mny ncm I wns swkntic`. njhc` c` tdk fknad, tdiclic` tdiclic` nfhut Eh. 1 I wns wnjlic` njh dk tibk ncm rknjiskm wk dnm bisskm tdk trnic. trnic. / = Pk jhhlkm nt ttdk ]dky dnm njrknmy jk fy tdk tibk wk `ht tdkrk.
w JNC@[N@K JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 1.> p>?4‑>?9 N > wns sjkkpic` / wkct 6 wkrk tnjlic` / wnjlkm 1 ahujmc’t knt / dnmc’t fhhlkm = frhlk / wns slntkfhnrmic` ; rknjiskm / dnmc’t skkc 7 arnsdkm / dnmc’t snvkm F > dnppkckm 6 wkrk visitic` 1 wns jivic` / jivkm = mkaimkm ; wnctkm 7 dnmc’t mhck 0 gkjt 4 anjbkm 9 kxpjnickm >? trnvkjjkm (hr wkrk trnvkjjic`) >> wns jhhlic` (hr jhhlkm) >6 wns gkkjic` (hr gkjt) >1 wns kcehyic` / kcehykm >= stnrtkm >; ahujmc’t skk >0 ahujmc’t >4 mkaimkm >7 swibbic` cm jhhlic` rknjiskm / jhhlkm >9 wkrk 6? dnm tnlkc 6> wkrk =N > stru``jkm 6 dnm jk 1 stnykm = wkrk wnitic` ; ghucm hut 7 dnm dnppkckm 0 mkaimkm 4 wns jivic` 9 fk`nc >? dkjpkm Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
4 > Knrjy jigk
6 Qphrtic` nadikvkbkcts
9N > Ahcskqukctjy 6 ns n rksujt hg tdis 1 Qicak = Dhwkvkr ; Mkspitk 7 Ic nmmitihc th tdis 0 gurtdkrbhrk 4 ns wkjj ns F > ic spitk hg 6 gurtdkrbhrk 1 Ns n rksujt ; Ahcskqukctjy 7 fkanusk hg
1 a d d n j j k c ` k s
= Njtdhu`d
1.6 _KVQHCNJ ADNJJKC@KQ Q_KNLIC@ >F > m) 6 n)
1 `) = g)
; f) 7 d) 0 k) 4 a) 9 i)
@VNBBNV BHMNJQ HG HFJI@N]IHC5 _VKQKC]/_NQ]
6N Hfji`ntihc
_rkskct5 n) bust, a) sdhujm, k) sdhujmc’t, g) bustc’t, `) dnvk th _nst5 f) sdhujm dnvk, i) dnm th Ch hfji`ntihc _rkskct5 m) mhksc’t dnvk th, d) mhc’t dnvk th _nst5 d) mimc’t dnvk th F > dnvk
6 mimc’t 1 dnvk
1 > sdhujm dnvk tnu`dt 6 mhc’t dnvk 1 dnm th ; mimc’t 7 sdhujmc’t 0 dnvk 4 dnm th
= sdhujm
JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 6.> p>?7‑>?0 w JNC@[N@K
N > dnvk 6 mimc’t 1 dnvk = th ; sdhujm 7 sdhujmc’t 0 dnvk 4 sdhujmc’t 9 th >? dnm >> bust >6 try F > sdhujmc’t whrl witd 6 mhc’t dnvk th 1 bust rkturc = sdhujm dnvk stumikm ; mimc’t dnvk th 7 sdhujmc’t dnvk shjm
4
6CM KMI]IHC
=N > nuxijinry vkrf
_J[Q IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q
6 bnic vkrf
1.1 AHCGJIA] VKQHJ[]IHC >N > g) 6 m) 1 k) = a)
;N > n) 6 f) 1 f) F dk licm hg tdic`s tdnt hhtdkr tdkr lims jilkm. > Qdk mimc’t jilk ttdk prktkcm kcm th fk 6 th gkkj ahbghrtnfjk ic yhur hwc slic ncm cht try th prkt
F N4
; `) 7 d) 0 f) 4 n)
F7 A6 M0
6N
rhht whrm
shbkhck yhu’rk cht 1 ]dk kahchby ahjjnpskm ncm d dkk jhst dis ehf. eh sadhhj/ucivkrsity,, —k —kvkrytdic` vkrytdic` is licm hgf.hr`nciskm ghr yhu’, fut = Nt sadhhj/ucivkrsity nkr tdnt —yhu dnvk th tnlk n jknp icth tdk uclchwc’. ; Qhaikty is njj nfhut fkic` yhuc`. 7 Yhuc` pkhpjk bny tdicl sdk’s eust hjm ncm `rky, n `rncmbn witd chtdic` th hkr.
WHANF[JNVY JKTIANJ AD[CLQ5 JIGK ADNJJKC@KQ 1 n = g ; e 7 k 0 m 4 ` 9 f >? a >> i >6 l
1
WHANF[JNVY
JIQ]KCIC@
7F >j 6d
NCQPKV LKY
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hr rkjnxkm anc rkpjnak ahbghrtnfjk dnppy hr n jht anc rkpjnak sh buad
G[CA]IHC
VKQHJWIC@ AHCGJIA]
;N
_rhfjkb5 Dk is stumyic` ghr nc kxnb (_rhfjkb > ic Kx 1N). ]dkrk is n jht hg chisk ahbic` grhb dkr stnt jntk nt n t ci`dt. Qhjutihc5 sdk wijj pjny busia quiktjy ghr n wkkl hr twh. F
>, 1, =, ;, 7 7F > shbktdic` 0 anc
6 prhfjkb 1 anc’t = ahujm ; whujm 7 nfhut
A th tnjl th yhu nfhut. > ]dkrk’s shbktdic` I ckkm th 6 ]dk prh prhfjkb fjkb is … tdic` ic` is … 1 ]dk td
_J[Q
WHANF[JNVY 4 >a
IMIHBQ IMIHBQ55 VKJN]IHCQDI_Q
6m 1n =f
= anc’t …yhu fkanusk h… g… ahujmhg ; I_krdnps 7 Pdnt nfhut …8 0 Pk anc eust …
9N kyk, n sdhujmkr th ary hc, ucmkr ucmkr tdk tdubf, Qthry >5 snw kyk th kyk,
JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 6.> p>?7‑>?0 w JNC@[N@K
frhlk by dknrt hck ic n bijjihc, by htdkr dnjg, dnjg, `ivk bk n Qthry 65 jhvk nt rst si`dt, hck skahcm adncak F n hck ic n bijjihc
f ucmkr tdk tdubf a `ivk bk n skahcm adncak m n sdhujmkr th ary hc k by htdkr dnjg g frhlk by dknrt ` jhvk nt rst si`dt d snw kyk th kyk FNCL p>66 IMIHBQ w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
> >N N > `h nrhucm ic airajks 6 fk nt n arhssrhnms 1 bhvk ic tdk snbk airajks = fk fnal th squnrk hck ; `h hur skpnrntk wnys 7 fk nt n mknm kcm F sdnpks5 `h nrhucm ic airajks, bhv bhvkk ic tdk snbk airajks airajks,, fk fnal th squnrk hck rhnms/ehurckys5 fk nt n arhssrhnms, `h hur skpnrntk wnys, fk nt n mknm kcm A 6 `hic` nrhucm ic airajks 1 bhvk ic tdk snbk airajks = `h hur skpnrntk wnys ; nt n arhssrhnms 7 fnal th squnrk hck
> nfhut 6 nfhut 1 bnlic` = nfjk ; Pdnt 7 ahujm 0 ig 4 tdic`
JKNVC ]H QH[CM ]NA]G[J 0N > f) 6 f) 1 f)
]I_
]dk tdic` is … , I’b tdiclic` pkrdnps … , I whcmkr ig yhu ahujm … 4 > 6 ; 7
]dkrk’s shbktdic` I ckkm th tnjl th yhu nfhut. ]dis is bnlic` it is ibphssifjk th stumy stumy.. Pdnt ig wk nrk n`rkk th mh tdis th`ktdkr8 th`ktdkr8 Phujm yhu fk nfjk gghr hr th hr`ncisk n bkktic` bkktic`
>? > jilk n dhusk hc rk 6 ajknr tdk nir 1 jhvk nt rst si`dt = by htdkr dnjg ; frhlk by dknrt 7 n sdhujmkr th ary 0 skk kyk th kyk 4 hck ic n bijjihc
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9
6CM KMI]IHC
_J[Q IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q
1.= HWKV_H_[JN]IHC MWM _VKWIKP
1
1.; JHHLFNAL CNVVN]IWK CNVVN ]IWK ]KCQKQ ]K CQKQ
>F Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 _rhfjkbs ahujm icajumk ‑ `kttic` nrhucm,
aribk, sncitntihc, jnal hg spnak, hvkrarhwmic`, jnal hg kjkatriaity, kjkatriaity, phvkrty,, ruffisd hc tdk strkkts, chisk, phjjutihc, kta. phvkrty
MWM WIKP 6N > N dhusk. Mncikjjn is ki`dt bhctds prk`cnct. gnvkjn vkjn th tdk htdkr 6 It njjhws tdkb th `kt grhb hck simk hg tdk gn
knsijy, adknpjy ncm sngkjy. It bkncs tdky anc trnvkj bhrk knsijy th whrl, ghr kxnbpjk. tnlks ks dib n gkw bicutks. 1 ]dk prkskctkr wics tdk rnak. It hcjy tnl ]dk fhys trnvkjjic` hc ghht dnvk th ruc mhwc cnrrhw strkkts ncm njjkywnys witd jhts hg stkps. 1F
ghur ‑ Mncikjjn’s gnbijy dnvk fkkc kxtkcmic` tdk dhusk ghr ghur `kckrntihcs. >.; bijjihc ‑ tdk cubfkr hg pkhpjk jivic` ic Vih’s gnvkjns 1² bicutks ‑ tdk tibk it tnlks th mh tdk ehurcky ic tdk anfjk anr $>11 bijjihc ‑ tdk ahst hg tdk prhekat (skkc hc tdk sarkkc) ki`dt bhctds ‑ Mncikjjn is ki`dt bhctds prk`cnct hvkr 0?? ‑ tdk cubfkr hg gnvkjns (sjubs) ic Vih =
> 2 pnalk pnalkm m 2ti`dtjy ict icthhn ajknr n sbnjj spnak adnhtia (npprhnad) witdhut pjnc hr skcsk hg hrmkr 6 arnbbkm hh sbnjj ncm ucahbgh ucahbghrtnfjk< rtnfjk< 1 arnbpkm 2 ic n spnak tdnt is tthh hvkrarhwmkm hvkrarhwm km 2 witd thh bncy pkhpjk prksss 2 tdk bkmin writk fnm tdic`s nfhut tdkb = `kt n jht hg fnm prks ; n `kcius shjutihc 2 n vkry `hhm imkn jnfyrictd ictd 2 n ahcgusic` bnzk hg strkkts tdn tdntt is mifiaujt th 7 n fnic` jnfyr cm yhur wny hut hg 0 ti`dtjy pnalkm 2 fuijt ckxt th knad htdkr witd ch spnak ic fktwkkc
spknlhutt N MIQA[QQIHC spknlhu 7N > jhw wn`ks ncm di`d rkcts kxnbpjks pjks hg gnbijiks jivic` ic eust hck rrhhb hhb ncm 6 Qdk `ivks tdk kxnb
npnrtbkcts wdiad dnvk fkkc mivimkm icth sbnjj skatihcs, witd ch rhhb th bhvk, ch rhhb ghr phsskssihcs, ch wicmhw. icthh n `rkkc pnrl ghr tthurists. hurists. 1 It wns turckm ict jncmjhrms ms anc adnr`k ghr rkct, rkct, hr icarknsk = _ut n jibit hc dhw buad jncmjhr wn`ks sh pkhpjk anc a nc nhrm shbkwdkrk fkttkr th jivk. F > hvkrarhwmic` 6 kxpkcsivk 7 wn`ks 0 tdic`s
NCQPKV LKY
>N > dnppkckm 6 wns trnvkjjic` 1 dnm pjncckm = dnm trnvkjjkm ; wns sdicic` 7 wns jhhlic` 0 wns `hic` 4 thhl 9 nrrivkm >? dnm njrknmy cisdkm >> mrncl >6 misnppknrkm >1 ahcticukm >= wisdkm >; dnm fkkc
NMWKVFQ 6N > ucmhuftkmjy 6 ]ypianjjy 1 jitkrnjjy = Vknjistianjjy ; mkspkrntkjy 7 adkkrgujjy 0 nbnzic`jy 4 frnvkjy
JKTIANJ AD[CLQ5 JIGK ADNJJKC@KQ A DNJJKC@KQ 1 > mknj
6 t 1 chtiak = hkr ; mrknm
G[CA]IHCQ VKQHJWIC@ AHCGJIA] ;N > N5 Anc I tnjl th yhu nfhut shbktdic`8 F5 Yks, hg ahursk. N5 ]dk prhfjkb is yhur ant lkkps ahbic` icth by dhusk. F5 Hd, rknjjy8! _krdnps yhu ahujm anjj bk tdk ckxt tibk it dnppkcs. 6
N5 ]dkrk’s shbktdic` I ckkm th tnjl th yhu nfhut. F5 Pdnt is it8 ji vic` rhhb8 N5 Phujm yhu fk nfjk th timy tdk jivic` F5 Pdy8 1 N5 I ckkm th tnjl th yhu. F5 Pdnt’s tdk prhfjkb8 N5 It’s nfhut yhur pnrtiks. ]dk tdic` is, I anc’t sjkkp fkanusk hg tdk chisk. F5 Pdnt nfhut ehicic` us ncm cht whrryic` nfhut sjkkp8 = N5 Anc I nsl yhu nfhut shbktdic`8 F5 Hg ahursk. N5 It’s nfhut tdnt bhcky yhu hwk bk. _krdnps yhu ahujm pny bk fnal8 Pdnt bhcky8 F5
1 jivk ic = prhfjkb ; jncmjhrms
writkfnal NC KQQNY writkfnal 0N
]wh hg tdk issuks5 tkrrifjk jivic` ahcmitihcs ncm phhr pny.
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>?
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
NCQPKV LKY
=.> KWKVYHCK’Q N QAIKC]IQ] WHANF[JNVY QAIKCAK 6N n n)) mntn >, mntnfnsk = f) bhcithr >?, dnfitnt 0 a) cmic`s 4 m) snbpjks ;, ncnjysk 9 k) kxpkribkcts 6, bknsurk 7 g) hr`ncisbs 1 F > k) 6 f) 1 m) = g)
; n) 7 a)
FNCL =.> p>61 w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
N `kcktianjjy bhmikm ghhm5 ghhm tdnt dns dnm its `kcktia struaturk adnc`km sh tdnt it is cht nkatkm fy pnrtiaujnr pnr tiaujnr misknsk hr icskats iibbuck5 bbuck5 cht nkatkm fy shbktdic` fnm (k.`., ig yhu nrk ibbuck th n misknsk, yhu anccht `kt tdk misknsk) hij , tdnt nrk prhmuakm fy tdk ghssij gukjs5 gukjs, k.`. ahnj hr hij, `rnmunj mkanyic` hg tdk rkbnics hg ncibnjs hr pjncts p jncts hvkr bijjihcs hg yknrs `jhfnj wnrbic`5 n `kckrnj icarknsk ic whrjm tkbpkrnturks fkanusk hg icarknskm anrfhc mihximk nrhucm tdk Knrtd rkckwnfjk rkckwnfjk kckr`y5 kckr`y tdnt rkpjnaks itskjg cnturnjjy, hr anc fk rkpjnakm knsijy fkanusk tdkrk is n jnr`k suppjy hg it aajhcic`5 jhcic`5 saikctianjjy rkprhmuaic` nc kxnat ahpy hg nc ncibnj hr pjnct grhb its akjjs MCN5 n sufstncak tdnt anrriks `kcktia icghrbntihc ic n akjj kxticatihc5 wdkc n typk hg ncibnj hr pjnct p jnct sthps kxistic` kvhjutihc5 kvhjutihc5 tdk `rnmunj mkvkjhpbkct hg pjncts ncm ncibnjs hvkr n jhc` pkrihm hg tibk ucktdianj5 ucktdianj5 bhrnjjy ucnaakptnfjk cnchtkadchjh`y5 cnchtkadchjh`y5 tdk saikcak hg mkvkjhpic` ncm bnlic` kxtrkbkjy sbnjj fut phwkrguj bnadicks bnttkr5 tdk bntkrinj tdnt kvkrytdic` ic tdk ucivkrsk is bnmk hg F > ajhcic`, (grhb) MCN 6 kxticatihc 1 MCN = ghssij gukjs ; `kcktianjjy bhmikm ghhm 7 `jhfnj wnrbic` 0 rkckwnfjk kckr`y 4 kvhjutihc
@VNBBNV UKVH, GIVQ] NCM QKAHCM AHCMI]IHCNJQ =N > n) 6 a) F n) wdkc
1 f) f) wdkc a) ucjkss m) ns shhc ns
A
Pdkc I skk yhu, I’jj `ivk yhu tdk bhcky. (]dk spknlkr is akrtnic th skk tdk jistkckr.) Ns ns Ith skk I’jj `ivk yhu tdk bhcky. (]dktdkb.) spknlkr wijj `ivk tdkshhc bhcky tdkyhu, jistkckr ibbkmintkjy tdky skk Ig I skk yhu, I bi`dt `ivk yhu tdk bhcky. (It’s cht akrtnic tdnt tdk spknlkr wijj `ivk tdk bhcky th tdk jistkckr.) M ncswkr swkr th `jhfnj wnrbic`, wnrbic`, wk nrk ic trhufjk. 6 [cjkss wk cm nc nc Pk whc whc’t ’t `kt kchu`d mntn ucjkss uc jkss wk bhcithr ttdk dk dnfitnt. 1 JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL =.> p>>?‑>>> w JNC@[N@K
N > a 6 f 1 a = n ; a 7 n 0 f 4 a F > whujm 6 shhc 1 whujm = ucjkss ; `kt 7 rkahbbkcm
7N > n) 6 f) 1 n)
PVI]IC@
F > Kxkautivk Qubbnry 6 Fum`kt 1 Hr`ncisntihc icghrbntihc = @hnjs ncm hfekativks ; Kvnjuntihc aritkrin 7 _rhekat 9 > ghrbnj
6 sufdknmic`s
1 wdh, wdnt ncm wdy
= usk ; wijj
>?F > `hnj 6 wijj njjhw us th ‑ wijj is akrtnic ncm ahcvkys purphsk, njjhw us th
is bhrk ghrbnj 1 hfekativk ‑ dhpk su``kst vn`uk mksirk< hfekativk is ahcarktk ncm akrtnic, su``ksts tdky dnvk n ajknr imkn hg wdnt tdky wnct = bnlk n vnjunfjk ahctrifutihc th ‑ dkjp is vn`uk ncm ibprkaisk< vnjunfjk ahctrifutihc is ajknr, ncm su``ksts tdky nrk akrtnic it wijj fk uskguj ncm si`cianct ; mkvkjhp ‑ bnlk is thh `kckria< mkvkjhp su``ksts n systkbntia saikctia prhakss witd n ajknr hutahbk shucms vn`uk ncm ucghauskm< imkctigy 7 imkctigy ‑ jhhl ghr shucms su``ksts tdky wijj cm tdkb, ncm it wijj fk n systkbntia prhakss witd ajknr aritkrin
Yks
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N _VH_HQNJ< JKNVC ]H [QK _HQI]IWK JNC@[N@K
]dk `hnjs nrk th mkvkjhp n sbnrt surhnrm tdnt anc ahjjkat mntn nfhut tdk kkat hg ajibntk adnc`k hc tdk hakncs, ncm th bnlk tdnt mntn nvnijnfjk th ajibntk saikctists. (Qs bny njsh bkctihc —bnlic` mntn ahjjkatihc knsikr’ ns n `hnj.)
1N
ncm ghrksts wkk mimc’t dnv dnvkk aitizkc saikctists whrlic` hhc c 6 vkry ibphrtnct. —Ig w tdksk rksknrad prhekats, wk whujmc’t fk nfjk th mh tdkb.’ Qtntks ([QN) 1 tdkrk’s n wimk vnrikty5 sadhhjadijmrkc ic tdk Qtntks hfskrvk tdk sly ncm skcm tdkir hfskrvntihcs th CNQN. Vktirkm pkhpjk sknrad ghr ghssijs ic mry rivkr fkms ncm nmm tdkir cmic`s th n mntnfnsk. _khpjk ic tdk Ahc`h usk sbnrtpdhcks th ahjjkat mntn nfhut tdk cnturnj dnfitnt ghrr kxnbpjk usic` mntn th th bnlk n = tkadchjh`y pjnys n fi` pnrt, gh bhmkj hg tdk rknj whrjm. Bnlic` bhmkjs anc hcjy fk mhck witd tdk ri`dt tkadchjh`y kcvirhcbkct ncm cmic` hut ; yks. It’s nfhut ucmkrstncmic` tdk kcvirhcbkct wdnt’ss dnppkcic` th tdk cnturnj whrjm wdnt’
= f) ; f) 7 n)
4N
mksariptihc
A wkntdkr kntdkr,, pjncts, ncibnjs, rivkrs > njj licms hg tdic`s icajumic` tdk w
a s i k c a k
; > d) zkrh ahcmitihcnj 6 `) rst ahcmitihcnj 1 n) rst ahcmitihcnj = k) skahcm ahcmitihcnj ; a) zkrh ahcmitihcnj 7 g) skahcm ahcmitihcnj 0 m) zkrh ahcmitihcnj 4 f) zkrh ahcmitihcnj
JIQ]KCIC@ Qaikctists trnic ncm `ivk tnsls th nbntkurs, wdh usk spkainj thhjs th bknsurk tdk cnturnj whrjm ncm tdkc rkphrt tdkir cmic`s th n akctrnj mntnfnsk.
=
]I_
>>
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
=.6 =.6 QBNV] ]KAD, JNUY FVNIC8 VKNMIC@ >N Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5
nttkctihc5 tkadchjh`y rkmuaks hur nttkctihc spnc fkanusk hg tdk ahcstnct mistrnatihcs bkbhry5 hur bkbhriks nrk cht ns `hhm ns tdky uskm th fk fkanusk wk rkjy hc tkadchjh`y th rkbkbfkr tdic`s (jilk pdhck cubfkrs, gnats, icghrbntihc, kta.)5 tdis is shbktibks anjjkm —mi`itnj mkbkctin’. Ic gnat, hur bkbhry hg tkadchjh`y kvkcts wk tnlk hg isbnlic` rkmuakmus bhhm5 dknvy usk hg anc pdhth`rnpds nkat hur bhhm, mkprksskm. Hcjick ictkrnatihc anusks us th rkjknsk strkss dhrbhcks, wdkrkns gnak-th-gnak ictkrnatihc anc bnlk us dnppikr bujti-tnslic`5 mhic` jhts hg mikrkct tdic`s nt tdk snbk tibk (bujtitnslic`) anc rkmuak yhur I^. Bujti-tnslic` wdkc yhu nrk jknrcic` bny bknc tdnt tdk jknrcic` is cht ns mkkp sjkkp5 tkadchjh`y lkkps us nwnlk. Bncy pkhpjk p khpjk chw usk tkadchjh`y ghr bhrk dhurs n mny tdnc tdky sjkkp. Ji`dt grhb JKM sarkkcs anc nkat sjkkp F cnvi`ntk, k, ictkrckt wdkc wk > Qhainj bkmin th tnjl th grikcms, @_Q th cnvi`nt
wnct th cm hut icghrbntihc nfhut shbktdic`, cht jknrcic` pdhck cubfkrs, rhutks hr gnats. nrkk nkatkm fy hur usk hg 6 ]dk nrtiajk su``ksts tdnt hur frnics nr tkadchjh`y ic vnrihus wnys ‑ hur nfijity th ghaus is rkmuakm, njsh hur nfijity th rkbkbfkr tdic`s (tdk tkxt rkgkrs th mi`itnj mkbkctin wdkrk n pkrshc’s rkjincak hc tkadchjh`y anusks tdkb th dnvk mifiaujty rkbkbfkric` rkbkbfkr ic` tdic`s). Qtumiks Qtumik s su``kst tdnt tdk frni frnics cs hg pkhpjk wdh nrk nmmiatkm th ahbputkr `nbks natunjjy `kt sbnjjkr. Njsh tkadchjh`y nkats tdk dhrbhcks wk prhmuak, wdiad nkats hur frnics (strkss dhrbhcks tdnt bnlk us mkprksskm, ncm njsh jkss bkjnthcic sh wk mh cht sjkkp). fhbfnrmbkct kct hg tkxts tkxts,, ncm htdkr tkadc tkadchjh`ianj hjh`ianj 1 ]dk ahcticuhus fhbfnrmb mistrnatihcs. whujm ujm chrbnjjy sthr sthrkk ic hur frnics, fnal = _usdic` icghrbntihc wk wh th tkadchjh`y suad ns hur pdhcks, kta. It ahujm fk n prhfjkb ns it bny bknc tdnt wk ch jhc`kr dnvk tdk nfijity th usk hur frnics ns kkativkjy.. Hur ah`citivk nfijity is rkmuakm. kkativkjy bhrk rk strkssguj. Gnak-th-gnak Gnak-th-gnak ictkrnatihc ictkrnatihc is prkgkrnfjk ncm bnlks ; It’s bh yhu gkkj fkttkr. wnyss ic wdiad tkadchjh`y bnl bnlks ks us sjkkp jkss nrk fy5 >>)) thh 7 ]wh wny buad stibujntihc< 6) tdk fjuk ji`dt sthps tdk frnic grhb prhmuaic` bkjnthcic, wdiad bnlks us sjkkp. 6 `kckrnj nj (tdk writkr ncm tdk rknmkr) rknmkr).. 6 —wk’ usunjjy rkgkrs th pkhpjk ic `kckr
Dhwkvkr, it’s nc hvkr`kckrnjisntihc. ]dk nrtiajk rkgkrs th rksknrad mhck ic tdk [L (6?>; Hgahb survky), wdiad jhhls nt tdk nvkrn`k [L nmujt. ]dkrk nrk pjkcty hg pkhpjk ic tdk whrjm (ic tdk [L ncm cht ic tdk [L) wdh sjkkp bhrk tdnc tdky usk tkadchjh`y. tkadchjh`y.
VK_HV]IC@ ]IC@ WKVFQ WHANF[JNVY VK_HV 1N ; 2 gnjsk5 Vksknrad ajnibs tdnt bijjkccinjs dnvk whrsk bkbhriks
tdnc hjmkr pkhpjk, cht fkttkr.
@VNBBNV _NQQIWK VK_HV]IC@ Q]V[A][VKQ =
ghrbnj ;F > is tdhu`dt th fk 6 dns fkkc ajnibkm tdnt … (is ajnibkm tdnt is njsh phssifjk) rkphrtkm m th anusk (dns fkkc rkphrtkm th anusk is njsh phssifjk) 1 is rkphrtk
= ; 7 0 4
dns fkkc sdhwc td tdnt nt dns fkkc su``kstkm tdnt (wns su``kstkm tdnt is njsh phssifjk) dns fkkc ahcrbkm tdnt kstibntkm th dnvk fkkc n`rkkm tdnt tdk pnrkcts
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
NCQPKV LKY
=
JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL =.6 p>>?‑>>> w JNC@[N@K
N jhsk sk tdk kjkatihc. > It is tdhu`dt tdnt tdk `hvkrcbkct wijj jh icarknsk. sk. 6 It is snim tdnt tnxks nrk `hic` th icarkn kphrtkm th anusk nc icarknskm icarknskm risl hg 1 N su`nr-dknvy mikt is rrkphrtkm dknrt misknsk. su``kstkm m tdnt kntic` mnrl adhah adhahjntk jntk ibprhvks = It dns fkkc su``kstk frnic gucatihc. bkctnjjy kctnjjy nativk is ajnibkm th th fk n `hhm ; Qtnyic` pdysianjjy ncm b wny th prkvkct bkbhry jhss ns yhu `kt hjmkr. strkss. 7 Bicmgujckss bkmitntihc dns fkkc sdhwc th rkmuak strkss. F wnjl is tdhu`dt th fk n `hhm wny th > @hic` ghr n vk-bicutk wnjl icarknsk yhur kckr`y ic tdk nkrchhc. yhu whrl is ajnibkm th icarknsk yhur 6 ]nlic` sdhrt frknls wdkc yhu prhmuativity. 1 Qtumiks dnvk sdhwc tdnt fkic` nrhucm phsitivk pkhpjk dkjps yhu th gkkj bhrk kckr`iskm. = ahrrkat ; Qtumiks su``kst tdnt kxtrkbk pdysianj kxkrtihc hr kbhtihcnj upskt bny tri``kr dknrt nttnals. nrk snim th jivk jhc`kr. 7 Ahkk mriclkrs nrk 7N > Bhfijk pdhck usk is tdhu`dt th fk icarknsic`. pkhpjk pjk nrkc’t `kttic` `kttic` kchu`d sjkkp. 6 It dns fkkc ajnibkm tdnt pkh `nbic` ic` is rkphrtkm th anusk nmmiatihc. 1 ]hh buad `nb = It dns fkkc sdhwc tdnt tdirtkkc pkrakct hg Nbkriancs mh cht usk
tdk ictkrckt. su``kstkm m tdnt tkkcn`k tkkcn`krs rs bny dnvk fkkc rrksphcsifjk ksphcsifjk ; It dns fkkc su``kstk ghr tdk kxpjhsihc. ahcrbkm m tdnt hvkrusk hg hg tdk mkviak anc anusk 7 It dns fkkc ahcrbk mkprkssihc. 0 Nrhucm vk ducmrkm stumkcts nrk kstibntkm th dnvk nttkcmkm tdk kvkct. dnt pnrkcts wijj supkrvisk tdkir tdkir adijmrkc. 4 It dns fkkc n`rkkm ttdnt
WHANF[JNVY _J[Q AHBBHCJY AHCG[QKM PHVMQ 9N > ri`dtjy 6 ahbpjibkct 1 pricaipnj = hpphrtucity ; skcsifjk 7 stntihckry 0 nmviak 4 naakpt 9 pricaipjk >? kahchbianj FNCL =.6 p>61 w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
N
rkbkbfkr ‑ dnvk piaturk hr imkn ic yhur bicm hg pkhpjk, pjnaks hr kvkcts grhb tdknpnst rkbicm ‑ th bnlk shbkhck rkbkbfkr shbktdic` mksskrt ‑ swkkt ghhm skrvkm nkr tdk bnic pnrt hg n bknj mkskrt ‑ n jnr`k nrkn hg jncm wdkrk it is njwnys vkry mry, tdkrk nrk gkw pjncts ncm tdkrk is n jht hg sncm hr rhals ehurcky ‑ nc haansihc haansihc wdkc yhu trnvkj trnvkj grhb hck pjnak tthh nchtdkr, nchtdkr, kspkainjjy hvkr n jhc` mistncak trnvkj ‑ th `h grhb hck pjnak th nchtdkr, hr th skvkrnj pjnaks, kspkainjjy hcks tdnt nrk gnr nwny guc ‑ nc kxpkrikcak hr nativity tdnt is vkry kcehynfjk hr kxaitic` guccy ‑ nbusic`, bnlic` yhu jnu`d rkakipt ‑ n pikak hg pnpkr tdnt yhu nrk `ivkc wdiad sdhws tdnt yhu dnvk pnim ghr shbktdic` rkaipk ‑ n skt hg icstruatihcs ghr ahhlic` n pnrtiaujnr typk hg ghhm ckrvhus ‑ whrrikm hr gri`dtkckm nfhut shbktdic`, ucnfjk th rkjnx irritnfjk ‑ `kttic` ncchykm quialjy hr knsijy sybpntdktia ‑ anric` nfhut shbkhck’s prhfjkbs ciak ‑ grikcmjy, licm ncm phjitk ehurckyy ; guc 7 rkakipt F > rkbicm 6 irritnfjk 1 ciak = ehurck 0 mksskrt
>6
6CM KMI]IHC
_J[Q IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q
=. =.1 1 MKJK]K BK!
NCQPKV LKY
=.= =. = QAIKCAK JHWKV8
WHANF[JNVY IC]KVCK] PHVMQ/_DVNQKQ
MWM _VKWIKP
>F > mi`itnj ghhtprict 6 ajial hg n futthc 1 `hh`jk = hcjick sknrad kc`ick ; ayfkrfujjyic` 7 phstkm upmntks 0 kbnij naahuct prhjks 4 shainj bkmin 9 sarkkcsdht >? mkjktk
>F kxpkribkcts, ghrbujns, `khjh`y, `khjh`y, Q5 fihjh`y, adkbistry, kquntihcs, kxpkribkcts,
G[CA]IHC
DKM@IC@
6N > n) 6 f) 1 n)
icvkcthrs, bkmianj nmvncaks, qunctub bkadncias, spnak, spjit tdk nthb, stric` tdkhry, tdkhry hg rkjntivity N5 Kc`jisd jit, tdkntrk mirkathr QN5 icchvntihc, prnatianj/dncms-hc
MWM WIKP 6N
F yhu u anc mh tdnt ri`dt8 > _rksubnfjy yh 6 ]dnt bi`dt fk n prhfjkb. 1 I `ukss yhu anc mkjktk bhst hg tdkb. = Qh bnyfk n wkfsitk jilk tdis whujm fk uskguj nkr njj. A M > `ukss, bi`dt, shbktdic` 7 pnrtiaujnrjy
Qnbnctdn, Eujikt, Anitjic, Ntri 2 N< Nctdhcy 2 Q F > Qnbnctdn 6 Nctdhcy 7 Anitjic 0 Eujikt 1N > prnatianjs
jkss mirkat< bhrk phjitk 6 supphsk 1 eust = licm hg ; eust
1 nfhut ut tdis. > I’b cht pnrtiaujnrjy dnppy nfh rst./Pk sdhujm dnvk nsl nslkm km 6 I supphsk wk sdhujm dnvk nslkm dib rst./Pk
dib rst, I supphsk. 1 = ; 7
=
Pk bnyrknjjy dnvk by n prhfjkb. It’s cht gnvhuritk. I eust tdhu`dt yhu sdhujm lchw. lchw. Pk ahujm fuy dkr sh shbk bk sthwkrs hr shbktdic`. shbktdic`.
w JNC@[N@K JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL =.1 p>>?‑>>> jntkr.. > Pk bi`dt visit tdk buskub jntkr lchws ws 6 Dk prksubnfjy lchws wdkrk th cm us./_rksubnfjy dk lch wdkrk th cm us. `hhm m imkn./]dnt whujm fk n `hh `hhm m imkn, 1 I `ukss tdnt whujm fk n `hh I `ukss. dnbfur`krs. nbfur`krs. = I’b cht pnrtiaujnrjy lkkc hc d ; It’s n licm hg pnstry. nlk-nwny hr shbk shbktdic`./Pk tdic`./Pk ahujm ` `kt kt n 7 I `ukss wk ahujm `kt n ttnlk-nwny tnlk-nwny hr shbktdic`, I `ukss.
1 Qnbnctdn = Anitjic
; Ntri
6 fnm 1 pdysias = saikcak ; lchw
F xpkribkcts ic n jnfhrnthry > prnatianj saikctia kkxpkribkcts 6 th fk vkry fnm nt it stumyic` umyic` it. 1 Ch, yhu sthp st rkpjnakm km fy @AQK kxnbs) kxnbs) wdiad wns tnlkc fy = Nc kxnb (chw rkpjna
stumkcts ic tdk [L wdkc tdky wkrk nrhucm >7 yknrs hjm. ; Qdk wns ajknric` hut dkr dhusk. =N
Qtkpdkc Dnwlic` 2 tdkhrktianj saikctist Njfkrt Kicstkic 2 tdkhrktianj saikctist/icvkctkm tdk tdkhry hg rkjntivity Krckst Vutdkrghrm 2 spjit tdk nthb Ncthcik vnc Jkkuwkcdhkl 2 shbktdic` th mh witd fjhhm Bnx _jncal 2 stric` tdkhry hg bujtipjk rknjitiks/tdkhry hg qunctub bkadncias ;N
Bkctihckm5 pjncks, trnics, anrs, bkmianj nmvncaks, pdhck / tkjkpdhck, jnpthp, i_nm Cht bkctihckm5 nctifihtias, fiayajks, biarhsahpks A n) 1
f) > a) 7 m) = k) ; g) 6 `) 0
spknlhutt gnbhus saikctists spknlhu JKNVC ]H [QK DKQI]N]IHC MKWIAKQ =
]dk bkncic` mhksc’t adnc`k. ]dk ucmkrjickm jnc`un`k is uskm th jj tibk ncm njjhw tdk spknlkr th tdicl. (]dksk whrms/pdrnsks nrk lchwc ns dksitntihc mkviaks.) mkviaks.) ;F > m) 6 n)
1 g)
= a) ; f) 7 k)
7 Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 > [bb, wkjj I kcehy pjnyic` squnsd. h fk Bnrih’s Bnrih’s pizzn rkstnurnct hc Cknj Qtrkkt. Qtrkkt. 6 I `ukss it whujm dnvk tth tdic ` is … I rknjjy rknj jy dnvk ch imk imkn. n. 1 [bb … tdk tdic` Qucmny. = Jkt bk skk … wkjj … I’b dhpic` th skk dkr hc Qucmny. ; [bb … dhjm hc …krb, cht n jht rknjjy. Yhu skk, I stnykm nt dhbk
bhst hg tdk tibk. dnvkc’t c’t natunjjy mkaimkm tdnt ykt. 7 Pkjj, tdk tdic` is I dnvk
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
7F Qnbpjk Ncswkr Cnbk
Pdkrk ncm Pdnt wdkc wns tdk saikctia saikctist fhrc8 whrl nrk tdky gnbhus ghr8 Mkj, Mutad Mkvkjhpbkct Ncthcik vnc hg tdk Jkkuwkcdhkl rkpufjia, 6= Hathfkr >71> biarhsahpk
Qtkpdkc Dnwlic`
Hxghrm, Kc`jncm 4 Encunry >9=6
Htdkr ictkrkstic` gnats / icghrbntihc
Qnw dis rst sibpjk biarhsahpk wdijk whrlic` ns n ajhtd bkradnct ic Nbstkrmnb. Dnm ch ghrtuck hr di`dkr kmuantihc ncm dis gntdkr wns n fnslkt bnlkr. Hkc lchwc ns tdk —Gntdkr hg Biarhfihjh`y’ Dhw tdk whrjm Pnctkm th stumy Bntds fut tdk ahjjk`k fk`nc, fnsia dk wnctkm th `h jnws hg tdk ucivkrsk ncm th mimc’t hkr tdnt ahursk sh dk stumikm cnturk hg _dysias icstknm. fjnal dhjks. Qukrkm witd NJQ bhthr ckurhck misknsk. Pnctkm th trnvkj icth spnak. >1
6CM KMI]IHC
Cnbk
Krckst Vutdkrghrm
Njfkrt Kicstkic
_J[Q IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q
Pdkrk ncm Pdnt wdkc wns tdk saikctia saikctist fhrc8 whrl nrk tdky gnbhus ghr8 Ckw Uknjncm, Cuajknr 1? Nu`ust >40> pdysias, spjittic` tdk nthb,
@krbncy, >= Bnrad >409
]dkhry hg rkjntivity
Htdkr ictkrkstic` gnats / icghrbntihc
NCQPKV LKY
=
=.; JHHLFNAL QAIKCAK
Chfkj prizk ghr adkbistry. Muric` PP> dk whrlkm hc n skarkt prhekat th dkjp sufbnricks nvhim mktkatihc. Chfkj prizk ghr pdysias. Gnbijy bhvkm thstnykm Itnjy, fut Kicstkic ic @krbncy ghr dis stumiks. Hkc rkakivkm phhr `rnmks nt sadhhj ncm dnm n tkcmkcay th rkfkj n`nicst nutdhrity nutdhrity..
writkfnal n sdhrt fih`rnpdy writkfnal 0N
]dk bnic ghaus hg tdk nrtiajk is th di`dji`dt tdk nadikvkbkcts hg gkbnjk saikctists.
>N > dnfitnts 6 kxpkribkcts ; hr`ncisbs 7 bknsurkm A > f) 6 m) 1 g)
1 bhcithrkm = ncnjyskm
= a) ; n) 7 k)
UKVH, GIVQ] NCM QKAHCM AHCMI]IHCNJQ 6N _hssifjk ncswkrs5
Ig I dnm tdk adncak th trnvkj, I’m `h th Nustrnjin. Ig by anr frknls mhwc, I’jj tnlk n tnxi. Ig I `h th n rkstnurnct thmny, I whc’t knt bknt. Ig I mhc’t `h th fkm knrjy thci`dt, I’jj gkkj tirkm thbhrrhw. Ig I jknrct n ckw icstrubkct, it whujm fk tdk vihjic. Ig mhc’t mh by dhbkwhrl, by tknadkr wijj `kt nc`ry.
_NQQIWK VK_HV]IC@ Q]V[A][VKQ 1N > dnvk 6 tdnt
1 rkphrtkm = is ; fkkc 7 th 0 It 4 fk
VK_HV]IC@ ]IC@ WKVFQ VK_HV =
> ajnibkm 6 su``ksts 1 ahcrbkm = fkjikvk ; rkphrtkm 7 sdhwc
DKM@IC@ ;N >a 6n
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
1m =k ;f
>=
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
NCQPKV LKY
;.> EH[VCKYQ
PVI]IC@
WHANF[JNVY CN][VK
4F
>N
wdkrk th fuy tdk fhhl
rnicghrkst, anchpy, vk`ktntihc, arknturk, pnrnsitk, stnsd sthhm nrk ic tdk pdhths vkchbhus scnlks 2 phishchus scnlks trhpianj misknsks 2 ijjckssks grhb tdk dhttkst pnrts hg tdk whrjm
9
FNCL ;.> p>6= w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
N > rkptijk 6 prky (mkkr), prkmnthr (jihc) 1 bnbbnj = kcmnc`krkm spkaiks ; kahsystkb 7 ghhm adnic F Ncswkrs5 skk Ahbbuciantihc Fncl p>11
]dk fhhl is nfhut n ]urlisd whbnc ncm dkr pnst, wdiad icajumks tibk ns n stumkct ic Hxghrm, [L. ]dk rkvikwkr tdicls it’s ahbpkjjic` ncm hri`icnj ncm whujm rkahbbkcm it. >?
yks >>N
phwkrguj, ahbpkjjic`, hri`icnj F
VKNMIC@ 1N dimmkc immkc ucmkr tdk > ]dk ruics hg nc ncaikct aivijisntihc nrk d
rnicghrkst ‑ tdk ruics nrk anjjkm tdk Jhst Aity hg tdk Bhclky @hm. Aityy hg tdk Bhclky @hm. Dk nadikvks dis `hnj. 6 ]h cm tdk Jhst Ait ]dk kxpjhrkrs wdh jhhlkm gghr hr tdk aity, nc nradnkh nradnkhjh`y jh`y prhgksshr prhgksshr,, 1 n ghuj-bhutdkm Nbkrianc, ncm shbk Fritisd shjmikrs. = Pdktdkr th rkbhvk tdkb grhb tdk sitk. ; Jkisdbncinsis, n trhpianj misknsk. nkr fkic` icgkatkm fy tdk 7 Dk rkturcs th tdk euc`jk kvkc nkr pnrnsitk.
@VNBBNV ^[NC]IGIKVQ =N >] 6G >6 G
N QDHV] FHHL VKWIKP< JKNVC ]H HGGKV _VNIQK NCM AVI]IAIQB
_rnisk5 it’s … wkjj-writtkc, adnrbic`, pkrsunsivk, bhvic` Aritiaisb5 Aritiai sb5 it’s … thh sjhw, ucahcvicaic`, ucahcvicaic` , mifiaujt th ghjjhw, mujj
]I_
whrjm-gnbhus5 lchwc njj hvkr tdk whrjm. Anc fk uskm ghr ncytdic`. gnst-pnakm5 bhvic` quialjy. quialjy. Anc fk uskm ghr fhhls ncm sthriks. sjhw-bhvic`5 tnlks n jhc` tibk th ghr natihc th stnrt. Anc fk uskm ghr fhhls ncm sthriks. fnmjy-mrnwc5 cht wkjj mksarifkm. Anc fk uskm ghr adnrnatkrs. wkjj-rksknradkm5 wkjj-rksknradk m5 stumikm anrkgujjy. Anc fk uskm ghr fhhls ncm
; k x p j h r k
sthriks. hjm-gnsdihckm5 cht bhmkrc. Anc fk uskm th mksarifk ncytdic`. ]dk ahbphucm nmekativks ic Kx K x 6F nrk rknj-jigk, ghuj-bhutdkm, Dnwniinc-sdirt-wknric`
1 G = ] ; ] 7 G 0 ] 4 G 9 ] >? ML >> ML
;.6 BY []H_IN
F
Chucs5 > fhhls 6 kxpjhrkrs 1 tibk = adnrnatkrs ; arknturks 7 shjmikrs 0 pkhpjk 4 icghrbntihc 9 tibks >? trhufjk >> bhcky >6 icghrbntihc gkw,, n ahupjk hg > Ahuctnfjk5 bncy, skvkrnj, n jnr`k cubfkr hg, n gkw, gkw [cahuctnfjk5 n jittjk, n `rknt mknj hg, nbhuct hg, thh buad Fhtd5 kchu`d, jhts hg gkw,, gkw, n jittjk, jittjk, n ahupjk hg 6 Qbnjj cubfkrs5 skvkrnj, n gkw Jnr`k cubfkrs5 bncy, jhts hg, n jnr`k cubfkr hg, n `rknt mknj hg, thh buad bkncs cht bncy hr njbhst chck. It is i s uskm wdkc wk wnct 1 Gkw bkncs th shucm ck`ntivk, ns it kbpdnsisks tdk gnat tdnt it’ i t’ss n vkry sbnjj cubfkr. N gkw is is uskm wdkc wk wnct th shucm bhrk phsitivk. It bkncs bhrk tdnc hck hr twh. ;N is prhchucakm /əv/ ic ahcckatkm spkkad. hg is 7 > cubfkr 6 mknj 1 kchu`d 0 ahupjk hg 4 bncy
= buad ; skvkrnj 7 Gkw
JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL ;.> p>>6‑>>1 w JNC@[N@K
N > mknj 6 hg 1 pjkcty = kchu`d ; gkw 7 bncy 0 buad 4 jhnms 9 skvkrnj >? cubfkr >> hg >6 fit F > Qkvkrnj hg by 6 ahrrkat 1 n jnr`k cubfkr hg vkchbhus scnlks = ahrrkat ; ahrrkat 7 nc kchrbhus nbhuct hg tibk
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
WHANF[JNVY ]Y_KQ HG _KH_JK >N > fhhl whrb 6 tkjjy nmmiat 1 ahbputkr ckrm = ckws euclik ; jb fu 7 busia gnc 0 rkfkjjihus tkkcn`kr F C5 fhhl jhvkr/whrb, sphrts gnc/kctdusinst, jb fu, busia gnc,
rkfkjjihus tkkcn`kr tkjjy jjy nmmiat, tkadik, ahbputkr ckrm (! (!),), ckws I5 ahuad phtnth (!), tk euclik, fknad fub (!) FNCL ;.6 p>6= w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
N > fnm-tkbpkrkm 6 adnrbic` 1 ncxihus = mkpkcmnfjk ; fhssy 7 upfknt 0 fi`-dknmkm 4 nbfitihus 9 shainfjk >? ibpujsivk F > fi`-dknmkm 6 upfknt 1 ibpujsivk = adnrbic` ; mkpkcmnfjk 7 nbfitihus 0 fhssy 4 shainfjk
JIQ]KCIC@ 6N _hssifjk ncswkrs5 (Jk th ri`dt) ghhmik isjncm, tkkcn`kr isjncm,
fhhl jhvkr’s isjncm, `nm`kt isjncm
>;
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
F
Qpknlkr Isjncm >
6
1
=
Fhhl jhvkr’s isjncm
@nm`kt isjncm
]kkcn`k uthpin
Ghhmik isjncm
Pdnt pkhpjk mh tdkrk Qpkcm tdkir mnys jyic` nrhucm ic dnbbhals rknmic` fhhls. Qhbktibks pkhpjk wntad tdk jb hg n fhhl. Ic tdk kvkcic`s tdkrk nrk phktry rknmic`s/
misaussihc `rhups. ]dkbkm kvkcic`s wdkrk yhu knt ghhm rkjntkm th tdk skttic` hg tdk fhhl. Nttkcm tdk Jitkrnry gkstivnj th jistkc th nutdhrs tnjlic` nfhut tdkir fhhls, ncm dnvk tdk hpphrtucity th nsl tdkb qukstihcs. _jny nrhucm ncm kxpkribkct witd ckw `nm`kts. Jivk ic sbnrt dhusks wdkrk yhu —tdicl’ nfhut shbktdic` ncm it dnppkcs ghr yhu (k.`. rhfhts ahhlic` tdk ghhm). Pi-Gi kvkrywdkrk. Phrl ic didi-tkad tkad,, guc hfi aks. ]kkcn`krs ]kkcn` krs dnc` hut, spkcm tibk mhic` wdntkvkr tdky wnct (cht kxpkatkm th mh ncytdic`), pjnyic` hc ahbputkr `nbks hr pdhcks. _khpjk `kt up jntk, knt wdntkvkr tdky wnct, wdkc tdky wnct, jistkc th busia, rkgusk th `h th sadhhj, jknrc th mh tdic`s fy tdkbskjvks hr tknad knad htdkr. Qpkcm tibk adijjic` hut witd bntks, hr prnatisic` surc` hr htdkr fknad sphrts. Ahhlic`/kntic`/ bnlic` frknm. Wisitic` mikrkct nrkns hg tdk isjncm tdnt spkainjisk ic mikrkct ghhms. ]ryic` mikrkct typks hg ghhm. Kvkryhck whujm fk icvhjvkm ic `rhwic` tdk ghhm, prkpnric` it ncm kntic` it.
Pdnt is cht njjhwkm
Ch tkjkvisihc, ch ΩLicmjks hr k-rknmkrs, ch k-fhhls, ch ahbputkrs hr ahbputkr `nbks
1N >] 6G
NCQPKV LKY
;
1G =] ;G 7] 0] 4G
@VNBBNV IC@ GHVB NCM ICGICI]IWK =N > spkcmic` 6 prkpnric`, kntic` 1 th spkcm, jyic` = wnitic` ; kntic` 7 th spkcm, jistkcic`, adijjic` 0 wntadic`, rknmic` 4 dnvic` F …/Ibn`ick n`ick ckvkr dnvic` n prhfjkb prhfjkb … > I gncay spkcmic` tibk hc …/Ib
6 1 = ;
I’b cht vkry lkkc hc kntic` …/I’m jhhl ghrwnrm th rknmic` … Mhic` chtdic`/jyic` nr nrhucm hucm njj mny/dn mny/dnvic` vic` n prhfjkb … I tdicl I ahujm bncn`k th spkcm … … ncm yhu dnvk th tnlk it shbkwdkrk th `kt it xkm.
A > kxpkatkm 6 tkcm
1 cht = ahujm ; prhbiskm 7 mhc’t
JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL ;.6 p>>6 w JNC@[N@K
Ch tkadchjh`y whujm kvkr frknl mhwc ‑ kvkrytdic` whujm njwnys whrl, ch tkjkpdhck anjj akctrks
N > `hic` 6 jistkcic` 1 turcic` = th ncswkr ; Kntic` 7 th `kt up 0 jivic` 4 th stumy F > fkic` 6 th bkkt 1 th visit = jistkcic` ; th bnlk 7 styic` ;N > th `h 6 jistkcic`, mncaic` 1 dnvic` 7 skkic` 0 th swib 4 th try
= Qurc` ; ruccic`
7 Qu``kstkm ncswkr5
Ch nmujts, ch dnssjic`, ch sadhhj, ch tknadkrs, ch kxnbs
Vkfkjjihus tkkcn`krs tkcm th hcjy tdicl nfhut tdkbskjvks. ]dky kcehy cht mhic` wdnt tdky’vk fkkc nslkm th mh. ]dky’rk cht vkry lkkc hc rujks ncm rk`ujntihcs. ]dky mhc’t bicm cht dnvic` ncytdic` th mh.
WHANF[JNVY _J[Q GHVBNJ WQ ICGHVBNJ VK@IQ]KV 4N > g) 6 d) F > adijj
1 `) = f) ; i) 7 n) 0 m) 4 a) 9 k) >? e)
6 (fk) dnalkm h 1 sjhfs = jhnmkm ; vk` hut 7 t
A > jhnmkm (nme) 6 `h-`kttkr (c) 1 dnssjk (c) = try-dnrm (c) ; dnalkm h (nme) 7 t (nme) 0 adijj (v) 4 adntty (nme) 9 sjhfs (c)
Njj ghhm prkpnrkm grhb sarntad. Ch prk-prkpnrkm ghhm hr gnst ghhm
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
>? vk` hut (v) 9N Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 tkkcn`k sjhfs. > ]dky nrk n fucad hg tkkcn`k adntty. 6 ]dk tnxi mrivkr wns rknjjy adntty. dhbk bk ncm vk` hut/adijj. 1 I’m rntdkr stny nt dh = I’b rknjjy dnalkm h. ; Qdk’s n rknj `h-`kttkr. 7 I wisd sdk whujm eust adijj. F Kxnbpjk ncswkr5 Pdy dnvkc’t yhu put nwny yhur ajhtdks8 Bub5 ]kkcn`kr5 It’s n dnssjk. I’jj mh it jntkr. ]dnt’s ]dnt’s cht `hhm kchu`d. Pdy nrk yhu suad n sjhf8 Bub5 ]kkcn`kr5 Jhhl, it’s ck. Eust adijj.
>7
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
;.1 BY _KVGKA] AH[C]VY
NCQPKV LKY
dknjtdanrk (rkmuak sbhlic`), dhusic`, adijm phvkrty, bkmin bncipujntihc, vihjkct aribk
;N > I’b cht ahcvicakm shjnr phwkr ckkm 6 Ns I skk it, wk ckkm bk, k, 1 Ig yhu nsl b uckbpjhybkct = Ic by hpicihc, uckbpjhybkct nfshjutkjy kjy ahcv ahcvicakm icakm tdnt ; I’b nfshjut 7 It skkbs th bk tdnt
G[CA]IHC
JKNVC ]H KT_VKQQ MH[F]/^[KQ]IHC NC
WHANF[JNVY QHAIK]Y 6N
KT_VKQQIC@ YH[V H_ICIHC
H_ICIHC
1N tkrrhrist tdrknt tdrknts< s< _hssifjk ncswkrs5 dhusic`< vihjkct aribk hr tkrrhrist
7N
grkkmhb hg spkkad ncm/hr `ivic` pkhpjk naakss th mi`itnj skrviaks
> tdicl 6 ig 1 truk = surk ; ahcsimkr 7 gnir
F
Fkrbumn Fkrb umn Njj tdk rrhhgs hhgs ic Fkrbum Fkrbumnn nrk mks mksi`ckm i`ckm tthh ahjjk ahjjkat at ncm purigy rnicwntkr. rnicwntkr. Knad gnbijy rksphcsifjk ghr its hwc ajknc wntkr, wntkr, sh pkhpjk nrk vkry anrkguj a nrkguj nfhut dhw buad wntkr tdky usk. Ahujm fk nmnptkm th htdkr ahuctriks8 Enpnc ]knad phjiakbkc phjiakbkc th usk bnrtinj nrts wdkc mknjic` witd vihjkct aribicnjs, rntdkr tdnc usic` tdkir wknphc. Pdkc ahcgrhctkm witd n vihjkct aribicnj tdk phjiak wrnp tdkb ic n bnttrkss ncm tnlk tdkb th tdk phjiak stntihc th anjb mhwc. Kst Ksthci hcinn Mi`itn Mi`itnjj rkv rkvhju hjutih tihc. c. Pd Pdkc kc it skpnr skpnrnt ntkm km gr grhb hb Vussi Vussinn tdk `hvkrcbkct mkaimkm Ksthcin Ksthcin sdhujm fk n pihckkr ic mi`itnj skrviaks. Gnst frhnmfncm spkkms, mi`itnj vhtic` ic tdk kjkatihcs, bkmianj rkahrms, anr pnrlic` cks pnim hcjick, =N > `hhm imkn
6 ahcvicakm 1 skk = npprhnad ; hpicihc 7 bk
F
Pkjj, ig yhu nsl bk, … _krshcnjjy, I’b ahcvicakm / _krshcnjjy, I’b cht ahcvicakm … Ns I skk sk k it, … / ]dk wny I skk iit, t, … It skkbs th bk tdnt … I’b nfshjutkjy ahcvicakm tdnt I gk gkkj kj tdn t dntt … I tdicl (tdnt) … Ic by hpicih hpi cihc, c, … M
Qkk numihsaript fkjhw fkjhw.. [cit ; Vkahrmic` ;
Pkjj, ig yhu I’b nsl ahcvicakm bk, … / _krshcnjjy, I’b cht ahcvicakm … _krshcnjjy, Ns I skk sk k it, … / ]dk wny I sk skkk it, … It skkbs th bk tdnt … I’b nfshjutkjy ahcvicakm tdnt I dnvk tdk gkkjic` gk kjic` tdnt … / I gk gkkj kj tdnt … Yhu anc tnlk t nlk it grhb bk tdnt … I tdicl tdnt… t dnt… / I m mhc’t hc’t tdic tdicll tdnt … Ic by hpic h picihc ihc,, …
JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL ;.1 p>>1 w JNC@[N@K
N5 Yhu anc tnlk it grhb bk F5 _krshcnjjy, I’b cht ahcvicakm. …]dk wny I skk it n pkrgkat aity … N5 … It skkbs th bk tdnt ig yhu’rk jhhlic` ghr n `hhm ehf, … fut ic by hpicihc tdk ahst hg jivic` is jhwkr thh. I tdicl tdnt tdnt yhu anc jivk n prktty `hhm jigk … F5 Pkjj, ig yhu nsl bk, bk, it’s n rknjjy strkssguj aity. … I gkkj tdnt is thh bncy pkhpjk ghr hck pjnak. It’s eust thh fusy! I’b nfshjutkjy ahcvicakm tdnt tdkrk nrk buad fkttkr pjnaks th jivk. N5 I dnvk tdk gkkjic` I’b cht `hic` th fk nfjk th ahcvicak yhu …
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
;
;.= ANVIFFKNC MWM _VKWIKP >N > Enbnian 6 Fnrfnmhs
1 Dniti = Aufn
F sitks ks Qu``kstkm ncswkr5 ictkrkstic` disthrianj sit
MWM WIKP 6N Dniti, _hssifjk ncswkrs5 _khpjk dnvk nc ucgnirjy ck`ntivk vikw hg Dniti,
fut tdk rknjity is cht ns fnm ns it dns fkkc phrtrnykm. Ic rknjity it dns nc —kxtrnhrmicnry —kxtrnhrmicnry disthry’ hg sjnvkry ncm tdk stru``jk ghr grkkmhb ncm stuccic` disthrianj sitks. A > f) 6 n)
1 f) = f) ; n) 7 f)
1N
kxhtia isjncm hg Dispncihjn, jhc`-sukric` Dniti, gkrtijk ajibntk, kxtrnhrmicnry tnjk hg stru``jk nsthcisdic` pjnak, ck`ntivk vikw hg tdk ahuctry, ahjhssnj struaturk, sturmy ns tdk bhuctnic itskjg, frkntdtnlic` (tdk) vikw F > nsthcisdic` 6 gkrtijk 1 ck`ntivk = sturmy ; jhc`-sukric` 7 kxhtia 0 frkntdtnlic` 4 ahjhssnj 9 kxtrnhrmicnry
spknlhutt jhhlic` fkyhcm stkrkhtypks spknlhu ;
Dimmkc Qthriks mhaubkctnriks jhhl nt tdk rknj sthriks, trnmitihcs, jittjk-lchwc cki`dfhurdhhms, ncm skarkts hg thwcs ncm aitiks, fkyhcm stkrkhtypks stkrkhty pks wdiad tdk wimkr pufjia fkjikvk. 7N
Ibn`k thmny5 nc icmustrinj thwc (it bnmk anrs) tdnt ahjjnpskm fkanusk hg tdk kahchby ncm adknpkr anrs grhb Enpnc ncm Kurhpk< n frhlkc thwc witd kbpty fuijmic`s, ch ehfs, ncm n jht hg aribk< n ]dirm Phrjm aity ic tdk bimmjk hg Nbkrian. Jkss wkjj-lchwc simk5 it’s n busia thwc ncm njwnys dns fkkc5 enzz, `hspkj, rhal c rhjj, rnp, dip-dhp, tkadch. It prhmuakm shbk hg tdk fi``kst cnbks ic busia, pnrtiaujnrjy Ngrianc Nbkrianc sic`krs. ]dk busia sakck is stijj njivk. F
Njj hg tdk pdrnsks nrk uskm kxakpt ]dk stkrkhtypk hg \pjnakR is tdnt it’s …, _khpjk nsshaintk by aity witd … , ncm ]dk bhst ictkrkstic` tdic` nfhut \pjnakR is …
>0
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
NCQPKV LKY
;.; JHHLFNAL
IC@ GHVB NCM ICGICI]IWK
CN][VK
=N > th spkcm 6 fkic` 1 wntadic` 7 th pny 0 th nr`uk
>N > rnicghrkst 6 anchpy 1 vk`ktntihc = arknturks 7 pnrnsitks 0 trhpianj misknsks 4 stnsd sthhms
; vkchbhus scnlks
^[NC]IGIKVQ 6N > a) 6 n)
;
= th anjj ; wnitic`
KT_VKQQIC@ YH[V H_ICIHC ;N > ahcvicakm 6 bk 1 gkkjic` 0 tdicl 4 skkbs
= skk ; hpicihc 7 nfshjutkjy
1 a) = f) ; a) 7 f) 0 n) 4 a)
]Y_KQ HG _KH_JK 1N > fhhlwhrb 0 kctdusinst
6 fub 1 nmmiat = ghhmik ; tkadik 7 tkkcn`kr
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
>4
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
NCQPKV LKY
7.> @HHM HV FNM8
F > fri`dt ncm knrjy 6 hc ncm hc 1 gnir ncm squnrk = Qial ncm tirkm ; dustjk ncm fustjk 7 rhucm ncm rhucm 0 n`nic ncm n`nic 4 `ivk ncm tnlk 9 wick ncm mick >? ups ncm mhwcs
VKNMIC@ 6N @hhm
Fkic` licm ncm `kckrhus Mivic` icth tdk pntds hg anrs th snvk adijmrkc grhb fkic` ruc hvkr Mivic` icth iay wntkr th snvk n fnfy grhb mrhwcic` @ivic` bhcky/tibk th n `hhm anusk Dkjpic` n strnc`kr (Mhic` njtruistia nats) Fnm Cht sdnric` thys nt curskry Cht mhic` tdk wnsdic` up Cht anric` nfhut htdkr pkhpjk hr tdkir hpicihcs A
Qtumkct N > It’s `hhm ghr yhur dknjtd ncm bhhm, ncm dkjps yhu jivk jhc`kr. fkic` ic` licm kcahurn`ks htdkrs htdkrs th njsh fk 6 It wns tryic` th skk ig fk licm. mricls ricls ghr shbk dhbk dhbkjkss jkss pkhpjk. 1 Dk fhu`dt ghhm ncm m Qtumkct F > It anc sthp us grhb mhic` akrtnic tdic`s. 6 Qkjg-akctrkm hr nctishainj pkhpjk. `kt bhrk tdic`s mhc mhck, k, knrc 1 Yhu bi`dt bnlk fkttkr mkaisihcs, `kt bhrk bhcky ncm fk bhrk suaakssguj. 1F > `kcuick 6 njtruistia 7 spkatnaujnr
1 nfncmhc = skjsd ; ahcvicakm
6 anc’t 1 bny = sdhujmc’t ; whc’t 7 ahujm
F > rknjjy akrtnic ; vkry jilkjy ;F > bust fk 7 anc’t fk
6 rknjjy akrtnic 1 phssifjk
7.6 6 LICM MKKMQ 7. JIQ]KCIC@ 6F > Fruch dnm tnlkc hut n jjht ht hg bhcky ghr n trip trip th Kurhpk. skvkc-yknr-hjm hjm ckpdkw. 6 Dis skvkc-yknrkctrk. 1 Ic tdk rkayajic` aakctrk. = `nrfn`k shrtkr ; Dk rkturckm it. 7 N gnbhus rnp sic`kr. 0 Nslkm dis grikcms ghr mhcntihcs. tdk snjnry dk bnmk ns n 4 Fruch hkrkm Eháh n ehf, witd mhufjk tdk
`nrfn`k shrtkr.
WHANF[JNVY BHCKY =N > snjnry
6 phvkrty 1 rkwnrm = mhcntihcs
A > wknjtd 6 mkft 0 aurrkcay
1 icahbk = snvic`s ; nhrm 7 gucm
` h h m c k s s
]I_
d ic adnrnatkr, c ic `hvkrcbkct, d ic dhckst, k ic dknrt
@VNBBNV BHMNJQ HG MKM[A]IHC =N > bust
7
= vkry jilkjy
FNCL 7.6 p>6; w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
> 6 1 =
n) fnclrupt n) sdnrks n) rkakssihc n) tnx
f) naahuctnct f) icvksthr f) kahchby f) icstntihc
@VNBBNV ]DIVM NCM BITKM AHCMI]IHCNJQ 6 whc’t fk 1 ahujm fk = bny cht ; sdhujmc’t fk
JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 7.> p>>= w JNC@[N@K
N > whc’t 6 bi`dt 1 bust = anc’t ; whc’t fk 7 sdhujm 0 bust 4 bust F > ]dky anc’t fk dkrk njrknmy. bi`dt i`dt fk bnlic` n bistnlk. 6 Yhu b `kt tdkrk. 1 I’jj fk rkjikvkm wdkc wk `kt = Yhu bust fk arnzy! tdkk tialkts. ; ]dkrk sdhujm fk kchu`d tibk th ahjjkat td tdkb. 7 ]dnt anc’t fk tdk fkst wny th dkjp tdkb. cick.. 0 ]dk sdhppic` bnjj wijj fk hpkc uctij cick
;N lkpt > dnmc’t fkkc, whujm dnvk lkpt 6 ’m lkpt, whujm dnvk lchwc lchwc,, whujmc’ whujmc’tt dnvk fkkc 1 dnm lchwc = dnmc’t fkkc, whujmc’t dnvk ahjjkatkm ; dnmc’t rkturckm, whujm fk n) pnst5 >, 6, 1, =< pnst ncm prkskct5 ; f) pnst pkrgkat a) pnst pnrtiaipjk m) whujm + iccitivk icstknm hg whujm dnvk + pnst pnrtiaipjk
th icmiantk nc ibn`icnry situntihc rkgkrric` th tdk prkskct, cht tdk pnst (bixkm ahcmitihcnjs nrk wdkrk tdk situntihc rkgkrrkm th is ic tdk prkskct) F > Ig dk’m kntkc dis ghhm, dk whujmc’t dnvk fkkc duc`ry. (tdirm
WHANF[JNVY KT]VKBK NMEKA]IWKQ 0N > g) 6 m)
1 d) = `) ; k) 7 k) 0 a) 4 n)
6
A > ncaikct
6 jtdy 1 pnalkm = tkrrigyic` ; nsthcisdkm
1
7 stnrvic` 0 sphtjkss dimkhus fy spknlic` ic kbpdnsis nc kxn``krntkm vhiak ‑ jhumkr, sjhwkr ncm4usic` di`dkr pitad, witd
=
]PH_NV] ] _DVNQKQ WHANF[JNVY _J[Q ]PH_NV 9N
tdky nrk njj nfhut pkhpjk dkjpic` htdkrs Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
;
ahcmitihcnj) Ig dk’m kntkc dis ghhm, dk whujmc’t fk duc`ry. (bixkm ahcmitihcnj) Ig yhu’m prnatiskm prnati skm tdk pinch bhrk, yhu’m dnvk fkkc n prhgkssihcnj. Ig yhu’m prnatiskm tdk pinch bhrk, yhu’m fk n prhgkssihcnj. Ig dk dnmc’t bkt Eunc, dk whujmc’t dnvk fkkc sh dnppy. Ig dk dnmc’t bkt Eunc, dk whujmc’t fk sh dnppy. Ig wk’m pjncckm tdk sadkmujk fkttkr, wk whujmc’t dnvk dnm prhfjkbs. Ig wk’m pjncckm tdk sadkmujk fkttkr, wk whujmc’t dnvk prhfjkbs. Ig I’m rkbkbfkrkm by lkys, I whujmc’t dnvk fkkc jhalkm hut. Ig I’m rkbkbfkrkm by lkys, I whujmc’t fk jhalkm hut. >9
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
N > Ig I’m dnm tibk, I whujm dnvk `hck th tdk micckr. 6 Ig Nbncmn dnmc’t `ht stual ic n trnfi a enb, sdk whujmc’t dnvk bisskm tdk pjnck. fhu`dtt tialkts hcjick, it whujmc’t dnvk fkkc kx kxpkcsivk. pkcsivk. 1 Ig yhu’m fhu`d dnvk nvk cisdkm tdk rnak. rnak. = Ig I dnmc’t gkjt sial nkr hck bijk, I whujm d ; Ig dk dnmc’t mikm yhuc`, dk whujm dnvk fkahbk gnbhus. tkst. 7 Ig tdky’m stumikm, tdky whujmc’t dnvk gnijkm tdk tkst. dkr,, sdk whujm dnvk ksanpkm. 0 Ig tdk phjiak dnmc’t ghucm dkr bhcky, cky, I whujm dnvk fhu`dt tdk fhhls fhhls I 4 Ig I’m dnm kchu`d bh wnctkm. F > dnm chtiakm 6 dnmc’t 1 I’m skkc = dnm ; dnmc’t cisdkm 7 yhu’m dknrm 0 writk 4 dnmc’t jhst
WHANF[JNVY DN__ICKQQ >F _hssifjk ncswkrs5
Dy``k ‑ tdk imkn hg jivic` ahsijy, tnlic` pjknsurk ic sbnjj ahbghrts, kcehyic` tibk witd grikcms ncm gnbijy, jivic` ic tdk bhbkct. Mncisd pkhpjk njsh dnvk n `hhm whrl-jigk fnjncak, nrk jkss strksskm ncm tdky trust knad htdkr. A > jhhl hc tdk fri`dt simk 6 (fk) hc thp hg tdk whrjm 1 jivic` ic tdk bhbkct = tnlk pjknsurk ic ; dnvic` n `hhm tibk 7 fk ahctkctkm (witd) FNCL 7.1 p>6; w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
7N > dnm shjm, whujmc’t dnvk `ht 6 whujm dnvk mhck, ’m dnm 1 ’m dnm, whujm dnvk fhu`dt dnvkk ahjjkatkm, dnmc’t dnmc’t gucmkm = whujmc’t dnv ; ’m thjm, whujm dnvk ahbk 7 whujm dnvk fkkc, dnm stual dnvk nvk cisdkm, dnmc’t w whrlkm hrlkm 0 whujmc’t d gkjt, jt, whujm dnv dnvkk visitkm 4 dnmc’t gk
N >) bhhc, M 6) nir, K 1) whrjm, N =) ajhum, G ;) dknvkc, F 7) fkttkr, A 0) spirits, D 4) bhhm, @ tdk bhhc. 6) Dk’s cht ic n vkry `hhm F >) Pk’rk nfshjutkjy hvkr tdk bhhm. 1) ]dky wkrk njj ic `hhm spirits. =) Ic gnat, I’vk ckvkr fkkc fkttkr. ;) I’b ic skvkctd dknvkc.
F > Ig sdk dnmc’t sthppkm ghr n scnal, sdk’m fk duc`ry chw. pnrty,, I whujmc’t fk grikcms witd Krmkb. 6 Ig I dnmc’t `hck th tdk pnrty 1 Ig I’m bisskm by sti`dt, I’m stijj fk ic Ckw Yhrl.
= Ig tdky’m stnykm jntk, tdky whujm fk tirkm thmny. _dM. ; Ig sdk dnmc’t bkt _rhgksshr Jicmjky, sdk whujmc’t fk mhic` dkr _dM.
N ]DNCL YH[ BKQQN@K< JKNVC ]H [QK GHVBNJ/ICGHVBNJ KT_VKQQIHCQ
9F sdhwic` wic` dkr nrhucm, kspkainjjy tdk tdk Cntihcnj > Bkssn`k >5 ghr sdh
Buskub Bkssn`k 65 ghr dkjp pjnccic` n ahcgkrkcak Bkssn`k 15 ghr n `i nrkk icghrbnj. Icghrbnj vvhanfujnry5 hanfujnry5 Girst bkssn`k5 6 Bkssn`ks > ncm 1 nr tdncls n jht< it wns `rknt th dnc` hut< `hhm jual< fkst wisdks. ]dirm bkssn`k5 di, rknjjy licm, jhvk Bkssn`k 6 is ghrbnj. Ghrbnj vhanfujnry5 wk `rkntjy npprkaintkm< dncmjic` tdk jh`istias< tdis is, ic ch sbnjj pnrt, muk th yhur khrts< nt yhur knrjikst ahcvkcikcak< I jhhl ghrwnrm th dknric` grhb yhu< yhurs sicakrkjy >?F
stnrtic` tdk bkssn`k kxprkssic` tdncls
ghrbnj Mknr
]dncl yhu vkry buad ]dncl yhu vkry buad icmkkm ghr … nmmic` bhrk Pk `rkntjy npprkaintkm icghrbntihc … I wns mkji`dtkm th rkakivk … I nb vkry `rntkguj ghr yhur dkjp witd…
7
7.1 7. 1 ]DK @HHM JIGK
JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 7.6 p>>= w JNC@[N@K
PVI]IC@
NCQPKV LKY
Icghrbnj Di ]dncls n jht ghr … ]dncl yhu kvkr sh buad
I rknjjy kcehykm … I’jj fk fnal/I’jj usk tdk bhcky I wns mkji`dtkm th rkakivk … I dnm n `rknt tibk si`c si`cic ic` ` h Yhu hurs rs si sica cakr krkj kjyy Fkst wisdks Pnrb rk`nrms Jhvk Licm rk`nrms Njj tdk fkst Qkk yhu shhc ahujm fk I wns mkji`dtkm th rkakivk ncm ]dncl yhu vkry buad icmkkm ghr ahujm ghrbnj hr icghrbnj.
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
G[CA]IHC
NQLIC@ GHV NCM KT_VKQQIC@ N@VKKBKC]/MIQN@VKKBKC]
6N
prkpnric` ncm kntic` `hhm ghhm ( ;) spkcmic` tibk ic cnturk (>) `kttic` ki`dt dhurs sjkkp ( =) jivic` ic tdk bhbkct (1) ghausic` hc tdk sibpjk tdic`s ic jigk (7) `hic` hut witd `hhm grikcms ‑ cht bkctihckm jistkcic` th busia (6) F h Pnjks ncm kcehykm > spkcmic` tibk ic cnturk ‑ Dk snys dk wkct tth
tdk sakckry ncm tdk gnat tdnt tdkrk wns chfhmy tdkrk. bhhm. ]dk whbnc 6 Jistkcic` th busia ‑ anc dkjp th adnc`k yhur bhhm. snys it’s hck hg dkr lkys th dnppickss. 1 jivic` ic tdk bhbkct ‑ pkhpjk spkcm thh buad tibk ghausic` hc tdk guturk, tdiclic` —I wijj fk dnppy wdkc tdis dnppkcs’, hr whrryic` nfhut tdk pnst, rntdkr tdnc jivic` ic tdk prkskct ncm ghausic` hc tdnt. sjkkp p ‑ skkbs fhric`, fut it’s sh ibphrtnct = `kttic` ki`dt dhurs sjkk kvkc ig tdk bnc ckvkr bncn`ks th mh it. Dk dns nc npp th bknsurk tdk qunjity hg dis sjkkp, fut dk ckvkr usunjjy sjkkps bhrk tdnc six dhurs. Dk wncts th adnc`k tdnt dnfit. ]dk whbnc snys —it’s n juxury’ fut it’s sh ibphrtnct. ; yhu prkpnric` ncmicarkmifjy kntic` `hhm ghhm ‑ tdk whb whbnc nc snys —yhu nrk wdnt knt’ ‑ it’s ibphrtnct th ahhl ncm knt `hhm ghhm. ]dk bnc snys dk ckvkr ahhls ghr dibskjg. ]dk whbnc snys ig yhu knt nt gnst ghhm rkstnurncts ncm tdkc yhu whcmkr wdy yhu mhc’t gkkj `hhm, it’s fkanusk yhu ckkm th put `hhm, dknjtdy ghhm icth yhur systkb th bnlk yhu dnppy. dic`s ‑ tdk bnc snys snys tdis is rkjntkm rkjntkm th 7 Ghausic` hc tdk sibpjk ttdic`s ghausic` hc tdk bhbkct, fut it’s nfhut cht njwnys rusdic` ncm kntic` hc tdk ruc, fut tnlic` tibk th sit mhwc ncm kcehy n ahkk hr shbktdic` th knt ncm eust njjhwic` tdk bicm th skttjk fkghrk tdk mny stnrts. 1N >P 6B
1P =P ;B 7B 0P
F > isc’t it8/ri`dt8 = isc’t it8/ri`dt8
6 isc’t it8/ri`dt8 1 mhc’t yhu8/ri`dt8 ; mhc’t yhu8/ri`dt8
]I_
ncm HL8 ahujm ahujm njj fk uskm. yks8 ch8 ncm
6?
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
A
Yks, mkcitkjy. It rknjjy mhks! Nfshjutkjy. I n`rkk. ]dnt’s ri`dt./Yhu’rk sh ri`dt. ]htnjjy! ]kjj bk nfhut it! Ch mhuft nfhut it. ]dnt’s sh truk./]dnt’s prhfnfjy truk.
N5
M5 Vknjjy8!
I mhc’t tdicl sh. Ch wny! (strhc`) Cht ckakssnrijy. I’m sny tdk hpphsitk.
JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 7.1 p>>= w JNC@[N@K
N > ri`dt 6 ckakssnrijy 1 Vknjjy = tdicl sh ; isc’t it 7 Ch mhuft 0 wny 4 tdnt’s prhfnfjy 9 mhc’t yhu >? mkcitkjy >> isc’t it >6 It rknjjy mhks >1 ]kjj bk =N
Pdkc tdk spknlkr n`rkks tdkir vhiak is di`d, kspkainjjy hc tdk strksskm syjjnfjk. Pdkc tdky misn`rkk, tdkir vhiak is jhwkr jhwkr.. ;N > isc’t 6 thtnjjy 4 hpphsitk
1 ri`dt8 = wny ; it 7 truk 0 ckakssnrijy
JKNVC ]H N@VKK [QIC@ QYCHCYBQ 7N > frkntdtnlic`, icarkmifjk
6 mkcitkjy, nfshjutkjy
F > m) rdytdb, fknt arnzy,, bnm 6 g) arnzy 1 f) dht, fhijic` fusy, y, durry = k) fus du`k, k, kchrbhus kchrbhus ; n) du` pkhpjk, pnalkm 7 a) sh bncy pkhpjk,
7.= N DKJ_IC@ DNCM MWM WIKP 6N > Vusskjj
6 Adris 1 Adris = Qibhc
F
Adris5
n ahjjkn`uk, put dkr ic thuad witd n uskguj ahcckatihc< pkhpjk ic dis ahbbucity, ahbbucity, whrlkm witd jhanj rksimkct nsshaintihc th ajknr up skrviak rhnms Qibhc5 n `rhup hg rkgu`kks, rkgu`kks, tthh `kt icghrbntihc tdky wijj ckkm wdkc wdkc tdky ahbk th tdk [L Vusskjj5 n Qpncisd whbnc, th fuy n fus tialkt A > jkcm M >f
6 `hhm 1 nfjk
6a 1n
1N ahkk kk ncm shbkhck fhu`dt dib hck. > Qibhc ckkmkm n ah Eujikt’ss pnrkcts ahujmc’t nhr nhrm m sic`ic` jksshcs. ]dk busia tknadkr 6 Eujikt’
NCQPKV LKY
7
A > ic 6 ajhsk 1 grhct = nfhut 2 ckkm. fk ic ckkm hg 2 ajhsk th by dknrt 2 pkrshcnjjy ibphrtnct th bk. put hc n grhct 2 prktkcm shbktdic` ic pufjia (wdijk tdk trutd is
mikrkct) fk vkry pnssihcntk nfhut 2 gkkj vkry strhc`jy nfhut shbktdic` ;N > Vhxncck 6 Adris
1 Eujikt = Vhxncck ; Eujikt 7 Adris
writkfnal n sdhrt kssny writkfnal 0N
Bkmianj nim ghr pkhpjk wdh nrk ic ckkm. Bémkaics Qncs Grhctiärks is nphjitianj. It fric`s nim ni m th pkhpjk rk`nrmjkss hg rnak, ahjhur, `kcmkr hr rkji`ihus fkjikgs.
7. 7.; ; JHHLFNAL BHMNJQ >N > whc’t fk
6 bust fk 1 bi`dt fk = anc’t fk ; sdhujm 7 ahujm
KT]VKBK N NM MEKA]IWKQ 6N
> tkrrigyic` 6 stuccic` 1 pnalkm = dimkhus ; `hr`khus 7 jtdy 0 nsthcisdkm
BHCKY 1N Ncswkrs5
rkwnrm, snjnry, mhcntihc, icahbk, rkwnrm, i cahbk, aurrkcay, phvkrty, wknjtd, nhrm, snvic`s, mkft r
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NQL GHV NCM KT_VKQQ N@VKKBKC] / MIQN@VKKBKC] ;N > Yhu’rk sh ri`dt. 6 I’m sny tdk hpphsitk 1 ]dnt’s prhfnfjy truk. = ]kjj bk nfhut it! ; Ch mhuft nfhut it. 7 It rknjjy mhks!
sphlk th n sic`ic` tknadkr wdh `nvk dkr grkk jksshcs ghr tdrkk yknrs. Eujikt is chw n sic`kr. hu`d kxpkrikcak bhv bhvic` ic` grhb hck ahuctry tthh 1 Vhxncck dnm n tthu`d nchtdkr.. Dkr adijmrkc wkrk hg pribnry ncm fk`iccic` skahcmnry nchtdkr sadhhj n`k. Dkr dusfncm wns njrknmy dkrk. Dkr ahbbucity ncm grikcms dkjpkm dkr th `kt tdic`s hr`nciskm ncm ghaus hc tdk tdic`s tdnt bnttkrkm ncm tdk tdic`s tdnt mimc’t. =N
mivkrsity ic tdk nrts = rkgu`kks > bkctnj dknjtd issuks 1 shainj eustiak eus tiak ghr adijmrkc/trnfi adijmrkc /trnfi alic` 6 Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
6>
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
NCQPKV LKY
0.> H[]QIMKV NV] @VNBBNV BNLIC@ AHB_NVIQHCQ< QH/Q[AD 6F > bhrk rknjistia tdnc 6 tdk bhst 1 ns `hhm ns = njbhst ns gnbhus ns ; sh strnc`k 7 suad n fknutiguj piaturk tdnt A > bhrk 6 tdk bhst/tdk jknst ; ns + nmekativk + ns
1 suad = sh
JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 0.> p>>7‑>>0 w JNC@[N@K
N > 6 1 = ; 7 0 4 F > 6 1 = ;
Dk’s Dk’s suad n jinr! ]dk kxnb wns sh mifiaujt tdnt ch hck pnsskm. ]dnt’s cht suad n `rknt imkn, ]hb. ]hb. I’b sh duc duc`ry `ry I ahujm knt n dhrsk! Pk wntadkm suad n fhric` jb I gkjj nsjkkp dnjgw dnjgwny ny tdrhu`d. Dk rucs sh ggnst nst tdnt I anc anc’t ’t lkkp up. It wns suad n tkrrifjk wnstk wnstk hg tibk. Yhu’rk sh `hhm nt bntds! sh jhum wk ahujmc ahujmc’t ’t adnt. suad n frijjinct fhhl ttdnt dnt I rknm it twiak. mhksc’t pjn pjnyy ns wkjj nnss Qnrn. dnm suad n fnm dknmnadk tdnt dk wkct th tdk dh dhspitnj. spitnj. wns sh nc`ry I turc turckm km rkm!
7 is ns tnjj ns tdk hjm fuijmic`. 1N > /əz/ 6 /ÿəc/ = > suad n fknutiguj 6 tdk bhst phpujnr 1 sh `hhm = tdk jknst ictkrkstic` ; ns `hr`khus ns 7 ns fi` ns 0 suad n frijjinct 4 sh quialjy
VKNMIC@ 7F
Hutsimkr nrt is nrt prhmuakm fy pkhpjk wdh nrk hc tdk km`ks hg shaikty5 prishckrs hr pkhpjk witd bkctnj ijjckss, wdh nrk uctrnickm ns nrtists. ]dky hkc dnvk n disthry hg icstitutihcnjisntihc (hrpdncn`k, nsyjub, prishc), jittjk hr ch kmuantihc, ncm nc hfskssihc witd nrt-bnlic`. ]dkir whrl tkcms th sdhw gnctnsy whrjms ncm kxtrkbk bkctnj stntks, ncm it’s bnmk hg ncytdic` tdnt ahbks th dncm. 0N nrkk uctrnickm ns nrtists > pkhpjk … wdh nr saujpturkss hg `hrijjns bnmk hg tic ghij, 6 Hutsimkr Nrt anc bknc saujpturk
FNCL 0.> p>67 Wisunj Nrts w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
> pnttkrcs 6 fhmy 1 tkadcianj = jbkm ; pnst 7 @rkkl 0 jhhls 4 mrknbs
0
WHANF[JNVY _J[Q B[J]IPHVM WKVFQ 6 9N
Grhb qukstihc >5 turc hc 2 switad hc/bnlk whrl< bnlk up 2 icvkct/arkntk< icvkct/arknt k< jhhl nkr 2 tnlk anrk hg ^ukstihc 65 tdrhw nwny 2 put ic tdk ruffisd/trnsd< ruffi sd/trnsd< `ivk up 2 sthp< frknl mhwc 2 sthp whrlic` ^ukstihc 15 sdhp nrhucm 2 ahbpnrk tdk priak/qunjity hg shbktdic` fy `hic` th jhts hg mikrkct sdhps ^ukstihc =5 turc shbkfhmy/shbktdic` mhwc 2 sny ch th shbktdic`/shbkfhmy< shbktdic`/shbkfhm y< ahbk up witd 2 prhmuak shbktdic` ^ukstihc ;5 ahuct hc 2 rkjy hc ^ukstihc 75 anjj (it) h 2 ancakj
n r r t s
w WHANF[JNVY FNCL FNCL 0.> p>67 Bujit-whrm vkrfs 6 > bnmk up (f) 6 bnlk up (n) 1 frhlk mhwc (n) = frknl mhwc (f) ; `nvk up (f) 7 `nvk up (n) 0 turc mhwc (n) 4 turckm it mhwc (f) 9 jkt mhwc (n) >? jkt mhwc (f) >> whrls hut (f) >6 whrl hut (n)
0.6 ]DK _HPKV HG B[QIA WHANF[JNVY B[QIA
6N > spknlkrs 6 njfub 1 rnvk = jyrias ; rdytdb 7 mncak busia 0 cubfkr hck 4 mhwcjhnm 9 trnal >> rnp >6 tkadch
>? gnc
JIQ]KCIC@ 1N >] 6] F >k
1G =G ;] 7G
6 g 1 d = n ; i 7 e 0 m 4 a 9 ` >? f
A Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 > th fk n fi` gnc hg
6 Yks 1 trikm th kcehy
it, wkrkc’trknatihc nfjk th = (vkry) ck`ntivk ‑ yhu misjilk it sh buad it’sfut n pdysianj
@VNBBNV =F > a) 6 n)
FK/ @K] @K] [QKM ]H WQ [QKM ]H
pjnstia Qtnr Pnrs `urks `jukm th fhnrms, adnirs bnmk hg adialkc fhcks, ncm stukm squirrkjs ttkm witd nc`kjs’ wic`s. (>40=‑>9;>) =‑>9;>) wns tdk rst Ngrianc Nbkrianc th dnvk dnvk 1 Kmbhcmshc (>40 nc kxdifitihc nt tdk Buskub hg Bhmkrc Nrt, ic >910. = @uh Gkc`yi … bnmk icl mrnwic`s. Qdk dnm whrlkm ic n ruffkr gnathry fut rktirkm nt 19. Wkciak kciak Fikccnjk, … tdk bnic nttrnatihc nttrnatihc wns … Ij ; Nt n rkakct W _njnzzh Kcaiajhpkmiah … n ahpy hg n >9;?s whrl fy skjg-tnu`dt Itnjinc Bnrich Nuriti. skvkrnj krnj yknrs, tdkrk’s 7 Pdy is Hutsimkr Nrt summkcjy phpujnr8 Ghr skv fkkc n `rhwic` ictkrkst ic —njtk —njtkrcntivk’ rcntivk’ nrt … bnehr buskubs ncm `njjkriks nrk stnrtic` th kxdifit tdk whrl hg skjg-tnu`dt nrtists.
;
WHANF[JNVY WIQ[NJ NV]Q
> f) 6 f) 1 f) = n) ; n) 7 f) 0 n) 4 f)
1 f)
`kt uskm th vs w JNC@[N@K JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 0.6 p>>7 fk / uskm th N > uskm th knt 6 `kt uskm th jivic` 1 `ht uskm th jivk fk `kt uskm th ; Ahrrkat 7 Ahrrkat = th fk 0 kvkr `kttic` `kt uskm th 4 cht `kt uskm th F > I’b uskm th 6 uskm th 1 `ht uskm th = `kt uskm th ; usk th 7 `kt uskm th
4N N adnrahnj F slktad A hij pnictic`, M saujpturk K skjg-phrtrnit G ahjjn`k @ ancvns D knskj I pnictfrusd E bujtibkmin L wntkrahjhur J icstnjjntihc Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
66
6CM KMI]IHC
PVI]IC@
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
NC KQQNY< KQQNY< JKNVC JK NVC ]H [QK _NVNJJKJIQB
0N > bnic imkn 6 quhtntihcs 1 pnrn`rnpd ; ahcajusihc 7 ictrhmuatihc
= thpia skctkcak
F Ictrhmuatihc Busia is nc ictk`rnj pnrt hg hur jivks. 2 prkskcts tdk bnic imkn Pk anrry it ic hur phalkts ncm fjnst it grhb tdk rhhhps. 2 mrnbntia
ibn`k It ahctrhjs hur kbhtihcs ncm hur fkdnvihur, fkdnvihur, it anc bnlk us bhrk
NCQPKV LKY
F > Vhjj tdkb. Mhc’t ghjm tdkb. hgg sakctkm shnp shnp.. 6 _ut tdk ajhtdks ic n fn` witd n fnr h Jial yhur c`kr ncm mip it ic s snjt. njt. 1 = Qwitad hc n gnc ncm sit ic tdk frkkzk. grhb b nc hjm suc jhtihc fhttjk. ; N ahctnickr grh nsll ghr nc ubfrkjjn. 7 Qthp nt n angé hr fnr ncm ns =N > imkn
6 shucms 1 tdnt = suad
A
ictkjji`kct, ncm it anc kvkc dkjp us th bnlk grikcms. 2 ictrhmuaks
qukstihcs
Ns Dkcry Pnmswhrtd Pnmswhrtd Jhc`g Jhc`gkjjhw kjjhw snim, —Busia —Busia is tdk ucivkrsnj ucivkrsnj jnc`un`k hg bnclicm’. 2 rkjkvnct quhtntihc _nrn`rnpd > Busia nkats hur bkbhriks ncm hur kbhtihcs. 2 thpia skctkcak Pk rkbkbfkr tdk busia tdnt wns pjnyic` nt wkmmic`s ncm guckrnjs, muric` hur rst liss hr n spkainj dhjimny th`ktdkr th`ktdkr.. 2 supphrtic` mktnijs Pk anc usk busia th adnc`k hur bhhm. Eust tdicl nfhut dhw yhur kbhtihcs nrk nkatkm fy tdk shucmtrnal wdkc yhu wntad n sanry sakck ic n bhvik. 2 kxnbpjk _nrn`rnpd 6 Hur frnics nrk njsh nkatkm fy busia. 2 thpia skctkcak Busia anc dkjp th rkjikvk strkss ncm mkprkssihc, ncm kvkc dkjps pkhpjk th sjkkp fkttkr. Busia nkats hur fkdnvihur ic htdkr wnys thh. 2 supphrtic`
n sh hr suad skctkcak tdnt shucms / tdnt’s tdnt’s + nmekativk (k.`. / nbnzic` `rknt / nbnzic` / / tkrrifjk ictkrkstic` tkrrifjk) + nnme meka kati tivvk Dh Dhw w nnwg wguj uj!! D Dhw hw ic icttkrkst kstic ic`! `! dhw + hck-whrm hckwhrm ahb ahbbkct bkct Frijji Frijjinct! nct! Ahc` Ahc`rntuj rntujntihcs ntihcs!! Kxakjjk Kxakjjkct! ct! @rkn @rknt! t!
bnic imkn
0
]h sstthp td tdk aj ajhtdks grhb sbkjjic` f fnnm8 Is itit rknjjy8 Nrk yhu skrihus8 ]dnt’s suad n `hhm imkn. Yhu’rk sh ajkvkr! ]dnt’s suad n ciak tdic` th mh. ]dnt’s n `hhm imkn. ]dnt shucms sh knsy, ]dnt’s `hhm. ]dnt’s ]dnt’s whcmkrguj! ]dnt shucms tkrrifjk! ]dnt shucms nbnzic`! ]dnt’s ucgnir!
JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 0.1 p>>7 w JNC@[N@K
> ]dnt’s 6 shucms 1 sh = skrihus ; suad 7 it 0 nwguj 4 Kxakjjkct
mktnijs Pdkc anjbic` busia is pjnykm ic sdhppic` akctrks, pkhpjk tkcm th wnjl
;N
bhrkth sjhwjy fuyncm bhrk. Pdkckxkraisk. wk jistkcBusia th jhum tdk `yb, wk tkcm whrlncm gnstkr mh bhrk ancbusia kvkcic bnlk us bhrk ictkjji`kct. _khpjk wdh jistkc th Bhznrt fkghrk mhic` nc I^ tkst pkrghrb fkttkr. ]dis is lchwc ns tdk —Bhznrt kkat’. 2 kxnbpjks Ahcajusihc Jnstjy,, busia dns nc icarkmifjk phwkr th fric` pkhpjk th`ktdkr Jnstjy th`ktdkr,, kvkc wdkc tdky mhc’t spknl tdk snbk jnc`un`k. 2 rkgkrric` fnal th
> ]dnt shucms `hhm. 6 Yhu’rk sh ajkvkr! 1 ]dnt’s n `hhm imkn! = Frijjinct! ; Nrk yhu skrihus8 7 ]dnt shucms tkrrifjk!
ictrhmuatihc
0N
Busia ncm sic`ic` nrk ncaikct prnatiaks. ]dky dnvk fkkc uskm fy shaiktiks njj nrhucm tdk whrjm th dkjp bnlk shainj `rhups fhcm bhrk strhc`jy.. ]dicl nfhut tdk wny ghhtfnjj gncs sic` ncm adnct. ]dkrk’s ch strhc`jy mhuft nfhut it, busia dns njwnys fkkc ncm wijj njwnys fk n gucmnbkctnj pnrt hg hur shaikty, ghr njj hg tdksk rknshcs, ncm pkrdnps ghr htdkrs wk mhc’t kvkc lchw. ]dk phwkr hg busia is sibpjy bn`ianj. 2 snbk/sibijnr
0, 4, 9, >?
jnc`un`k ns prkvihusjy th rkicghrak bkssn`k
>F
4
@rnfiti uskm th fk ahcsimkrkm vncmnjisb, vncmnj isb, fut chw nrti nrtists sts nrk fkic` kcahurn`km ncm `ivkc jk`nj spnaks th arkntk strkkt nrt.
]dky nrk bhrk ahcaisk ncm dnvk n ajknrkr rdytdb. ]dk ahctkct is ajknrkr ‑ cht rkpkntic` tdk vkrf, ncm jistic` tdk ibphrtnct ahctkct whrms, bnlks it knsikr th imkctigy i mkctigy tdk ibphrtnct icghrbntihc. > f) 6 f) 1 f) = n) 9 Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 > f)
6 n) 1 f)
0.1 JIGK DNALQ WHANF[JNVY KWKVYMNY HFEKA]Q > N tkn fn` F dnbbkr A pnpkr thwkj M ajhtdks pk` K dnirmrykr G priak tn` @ kjkatria gnc D wntkric` anc I wrnppic` pnpkr E sphc`k
G[CA]IHC
VKQ_HCMIC@ ]H Q[@@KQ]IHCQ
1N > sthp yhur ajht ajhtdks dks grhb wricljic` wricljic` ic n suitansk suitansk 6 sthp mirty ajhtdks grhb sbkjjic` ic n suitansk rknt n bhsquith bhsquith fitk 1 dhw th ttrknt bhsquithks hks grhb fuzzic` nrhucm yhu = sthp bhsquit grhb hb fkic` sthjkc nt ttdk dk fknad ; sthp yhur vnjunfjks gr 7 Pdnt th mh ig yhu’rrkk anu`dt ic tdk rnic hc tdk strkkt Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
JKNVC JKNVC ]H N@VKK [QIC@ BK ]HH/ BK BK CKI]DKV 7 > thh
6 ckitdkr
0.= @VNGGI]I MWM _VKWIKP
MWM WIKP 6N > _khpjk uskm th skk `rnfi ti ns nc ncchyncak. Chw it is skkc ns n
ghrb hg pufjia nrt. 6 @rnfiti dns fkkc jk`njiskm ic shbk pjnaks ncm ic htdkrs tdk cks nrk jhw, sh pkhpjk nrk kcahurn`km kca hurn`km th usk `rnfi `rn fiti th ibprhvk shbk nrkns wdiad prkvihusjy wkrk nfncmhckm. A >G
6] 1] =G ;G 7] 0]
spknlhutt n aujturnj kxpkrikcak spknlhu =N wncmkrr nrhucm tdk aity witd dkr anbkrn jhhlic` nt > Qdk jilks th wncmk
strkkt nrt. wnjlic` njlic` nrt thur hg tdk Fnr Fnrrncah rncah mistriat ic 6 ]dk kxpkrikcak wns n w Jibn, _kru. 1 ]dk nrkn is dhbk th bncy tdk wnjjs wnjjs (icsimk ncm hutsimk tdk dhusks) nrk ahvkrkm icnrtists fri`dt ncm burnjs. dk aity ncm its disthry, disthry, kcehyk kcehykm m skkic` = Qdk jknrckm n jht nfhut ttdk burnjs tdnt sdk whujmc’t dnvk ghucm htdkrwisk ncm dknric` nfhut tdkb grhb shbkhck wdh lchws tdk nrtists ncm anc kxpjnic tdk bkncic` hg tdk burnjs. Qdk njsh kcehykm n whcmkrguj jucad jhhlic` hut narhss tdk haknc ncm kntic` jhanj ghhm. 61
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
F > jhvk 6 by gnvhuritk tdic`s th skk 1 kxaitic` = nrt ; kxaitkm 7 icdnfitkm 0 gnsaicntic` 4 [cmhuftkmjy 9 thp >? thur
0.; JHHLFNAL 6 wntkrahjhurs 1 pnictic`s
0
FK/ @K] @K] [QKM ]H WQ [QKM ]H
1N > uskm th mh 7 uskm th it
6 uskm th fk 1 `kt uskm th = uskm th ; ’b uskm th
B[QIA
WIQ[NJ NV]Q >N > frusdks
NCQPKV LKY
= skjg-phrtrnits
; slktad 7 adnrahnj 0 ancvns 4 knskj
@VNBBNV BNLIC@ AHB_NVI AHB_NVIQHCQ< QHCQ< QH/ Q[AD Q[AD 6N `rknt nt nrtist tdnt dk wns lchwc lchwc ns —tdk > Biadkjnc`kjh wns suad n `rk
mivick hck’ muric` dis jigktibk. nraditkat kat ncm pnictkr pnictkr,, Biadkjnc`kjh dnm n `rkntkr 6 Ns n saujpthr, nradit rnc`k hg nrtistia ictkrksts tdnc _ianssh. saujpthr,, cht kvkc 1 Nrt aritia Vhfkrt Du`dks wrhtk, —Ch pnictkr hr saujpthr Biadkjnc`kjh, dnm fkkc ns gnbhus ns _ianssh ic dis hwc jigktibk’. = Bhrk hg _ianssh’s pnictic`s dnvk fkkc sthjkc tdnc ncy htdkr nrtist’s,, ncm n _ianssh piaturk njsh dhjms tdk rkahrm ghr tdk di`dkst nrtist’s priak kvkr pnim ghr n pnictic`.
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
=N > njfub, trnals mncak, ncak, tkadch 6 gnc, m 1 trnal, mhwcjhnm
= rdytdb rnp, cubfkr hck ; spknlkrs,
VKQ_HCMIC@ ]H Q[@@KQ]IHCQ ;N > skrihus
6 shucms 1 imkn = suad ; it 7 sh
6=
6CM KMI]IHC
IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q _J[Q
NCQPKV LKY
4.> JKQQHCQ GVHB ]DK _NQ] Q_KNLIC@ >
Bnrik Aurik, Picsthc Aduradijj, Biadkjnc`kjh, Dntsdkpsut (Ncaikct K`yptinc qukkc)
VKNMIC@ 6F n) 1 f) =
]dis is tdk pjnak wdkrk wk `rkw up. ]dk tnxi tdnt/wdiad wk thhl wns ykjjhw. Pns tdnt td tdkk `irj wdhsk gntdkr wkc wkctt th prishc8 ]dk ci`dtajuf wdiad dns ghur m mncak ncak sthhrs is tdk fkst ic tthwc. hwc. It’s tdnt bnc wdh I sphlk th ykstkrmny. Is tdis tdk rkstnur rkstnurnct nct wdkrk yhu nt ntkk jnst ci`dt8 ]dk jnmy wdhsk dhus dhuskk wk fhu`dt jntkr fkanbk ggnbhus. nbhus.
PVI]IC@
NCKAMH]K< JKNVC ]H QK] ]DK QAKCK
9N
a) > m) 6
WHANF[JNVY JKTIANJ AD[CLQ PI]D BNLK , MH , ]NLK
1 > njtkrntihcs 6 n mknj 1 n pnat = bhcky ; mnbn`k 7 shbktdic` wrhc` 0 mh n mkkm 4 mh (dkr) utbhst 9 (shbkhck/shbktdic`) skrihusjy >? nmvnctn`k hg (shbktdic`) >> ahctrhj hg (shbktdic`) >6 (shbktdic`) ghr `rnctkm =N
tdk skahcm pnrt hg knad pdrnsk is strksskm (cht tdk vkrf, prkphsitihc hr nrtiajk) FNCL 4.> p>60 Jkxianj aducls w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
>f 6n 1a =a ;n 7f 0f 4a 9n
@VNBBNV VKJN]IWK AJN[QKQ ;N _dysias > wdhsk nadikvkbkcts ic saikcak whc dkr Chfkj _rizks ic _dysias
ncm Adkbistry 6 wdh tdhu`dt dk wns nc kxpkrt 1 tdnt sdhwkm dkr nnss tdk mnu`dtkr hg tdk `hm Nbuc = wdh dkjpkm dkr th `kt nc kmuantihc
—Jksshc’ is n pjny hc whrms. Qhubnyn’s bhtdkr `nvk Qhubnyn n jksshc ic dhw th trknt htdkr pkhpjk. Fut sdk njsh `nvk rknj jksshcs ns sdk tnu`dt Qhubnyn. ]dk jksshc wns th sdhw tdk adijm tdnt sdk fkjikvkm ic dkr mkspitk tdk tknadkr’s ck`ntivk hpicihc. F > ki`dt yknrs hjm = yknrs n`h >? >] 6]
6 wicmy jittjk thwc 1 tknadkr ibn`icnfjk
1] =] ;G 7]
4.6 FI@ MN]N Q_KNLIC@ >F Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 adkal-ic -ic th jhanjitiks, @hh`j @hh`jkk sknradks, > phsts hc shainj bkmin, adkal
AA]W ghhtn`k, bhthrwny thjjs, @_Q ic anrs, sdhppic` trnalkm tdrhu`d jhynjty anrm, kta., whrl dhurs, wdnt yhu knt ic n rkstnurnct
JIQ]KCIC@ 6N
F
ksskctinj5 1, = kxtrn5 >, 6 A > mkcic` ; wdhsk
0 6 1 = ; 7 0 4
dknjtdanrk, dknjtdan rk, aribk prkvkctihc, prkvkctihc , hcjick mntic`, trnfi a, sphrts F
6 chc-mkcic` 1 chc-mkcic` = mkcic`
M
= JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 4.> p>>9 w JNC@[N@K
N > wdkrk 6 wdh 1 tdnt = wdiad ; tdnt 7 wdhsk 0 wdkc 4 wdh F hu wkrk wkrk fhrc > wdkrk yyhu mnu`dtkr kr is n gnbhus mncakr 6 wdhsk mnu`dt thmny,, is 1 wdiad nrrivkm thmny h bk wns grhb = wdh tnjlkm tth ; wdkc tdk pdhck rnc` 7 wdiad I dntkm 7 gntdkr,, wdh jivks ic Ckw Uknjncm Uknjncm,, is stnyic` witd bk. 6 By gntdkr wdkrk rk by bhtdkr is grhb. 1 I visitkm Jn`hs, wdk >74=, =, wns hwckm fy tdk rhynj = ]dk anstjk, wdiad wns fuijt ic >74
gnbijy. jntkr kr.. = By grikcm Ehnc, wdhsk `uitnr I fhrrhwkm, wijj ahbk hvkr jnt ; Qucij bhvkm th Mkjdi, wdkrk dk wkct th ucivkrsi ucivkrsity. ty. pdysias, ysias, wdiad dk jhvkm. 7 Dk stumikm pd
dknjtdanrk ‑ mntn uskm th prkmiat kpimkbias ncm tdk sprknm hg misknsks jilk stu. Njsh bhcithric` pkhpjk sdhujm dkjp prkvkct misknsk fkghrk it dnppkcs. aribk prkvkctihc ‑ phjiak usic` mntn th prkmiat wdkrk aribk is jilkjy th dnppkc, tdkc tdky `h th tdk sakck th prkvkct tdk aribk fkghrk it dnppkcs ‑ rkmuaic` aribk fy 11 pkrakct ic shbk nrkns hcjick mntic` ‑ icghrbntihc `ntdkrkm grhb pkhpjk’s shainj cktwhrls is uskm th dkjp cm nc kxnat bntad hg pkrshcnjitiks ncm prkmiat ig twh pkhpjk wijj `kt hc. sphrt ‑ vimkh ncnjytias trnal n sphrts pjnykr’s pkrghrbncak. pkrghrbncak. Njsh tdky anc trnal n pjnykr’s dnfits hutsimk tdk sphrtic` kcvirhcbkct th prkmiat wdktdkr tdky nrk hc `hhm ghrb. trnfia ‑ mntn uskm th dkjp dk jp ahctrh ahctrhjj trnfi a / cm c m fkst rhu rhutk tk ghr yhu th trnvkj. Anrs wijj mrivk tdkbskjvks. 1N > f) 6 n)
1 n) = f) ; f)
@VNBBNV G[][VK GHVBQ =N it’s nfhut th ‑ gghr hr shbktdic` tdnt is `h `hic` ic` th dnppkc shhc > it’s hr n prkmiatihc fnskm hc kvimkcak 6 is `hic` th ‑ gghr 1 it wijj fk ‑ ghr n `kckrnj `kckrnj prkmiatihc = bi`dt fk ‑ ghr n prkmiatihc wdiad is jkss akrtnic ; is jilkjy th ‑ ghr n pr prkmiatihc kmiatihc wdiad is prhfnfjk prhfnfjk jkss akrtnic 7 yhu’jj prhfnfjy ‑ th bnlk n prkmiatihc jkss it’jjjj fk mrivic` ‑ ghr n ` `kckrnj kckrnj prkmiatihc 0 whc’t fk, it’ h fk ‑ ghr n prkmiatihc prkmiatihc tdnt is jilkjy 4 ]dkrk nrk fhucm tth tdnt is kxpkatkm tthh dnppkc 9 is muk th, wijj fk ‑ ghr shbktdic` tdnt
4 c l h w j k m ` k
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
6;
6CM KMI]IHC
F > k) 6 n)
_J[Q IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q G[CA]IHC G[CA]IHC
1 f) = m) ; g)
7 a) 0 f) 4 d) 9 `)
phict =N
N > 6 1 = ; 7 0 4 F
=N
;N > `hic` 6 prhfnfjy 1 nrk = nfhut th ; bi`dt 7 nrk nfhut th 0 nrk 4 is muk 9 wijj >? wijj >> bi`dt >6 jilkjy >1 is `hic` >= wk’jj dnvk
WHANF[JNVY AVI]IANJ ]DICLIC@ 7N > m) 6 n)
1 e) = g)
; k) 7 i) 0 f) 4 `) 9 d) >? a)
WHANF[JNVY _J[Q C[BFKVQ NCM Q] Q]N N]IQ]IAQ 9 > >,4??,??? 6 607,??? lb 0 >;? l` 4 >?5>
1 >?% = ;? b¶ ; ->?¿A 7 1.6
4.1 IMIHBQ NCM HVI@ICQ WHANF[JNVY IMIHBQ >F
cht rkjkvnct 9 gnij th sufbit whrl hc tibk = mkjifkrntkjy cht skk shbktdic` 1 jhsk yhur ehf ; rkakctjy bnmk 7 stnrt misaussic` shbktdic` ucrkjntkm 6 mhksc’t lchw ncytdic` 4 jifkrnj hr ahcskrvntivk >? is ucgrikcmjy hr i`chrks i `chrks (shbkhck) 0 tkjj tdk skarkt > A N fkncs (spijj tdk fkncs) sdhujmkr) F n sdhujmkr (`kt tdk ahjm sdhujmkr) n fjicm kyk (turc n fjicm kyk) A (`kt simk-trnalkm) M n trnic trnal (`kt K n snal (`kt tdk snal) (mhksc’t dnvk dnvk n ajuk) G bn`cigyic` `jnss jhhlic` ghr ajuks (mhksc’t frncm ckw) @ n frncmic` irhc ((frncm ri`dt-wic`) D nrrhws phictic` jk ncm ri`dt (jk-wic` hr ri`dt-wic`) 6N > biss tdk/yhur mknmjick 6 mhc’t dnvk n ajuk 1 Qpijj tdk fkncs = turc n fjicm kyk ; fksimk tdk phict 7 `nvk bk tdk ahjm sdhujmkr 0 frncm ckw 4 jk-wic` 9 `kt tdk snal >? `kttic` simk-trnalkm FNCL 4.1 p>60 Imihbs w WHANF[JNVY FNCL
F > A 6 M 1 @ = N ; E 7 I 0 G 4 F 9 D >? K A > ucmkr tdk wkntdkr 6 bnlk kcms bkkt 1 lkkp n strni`dt gnak = gnak jilk tducmkr ; sit hc tdk gkcak 7 `ht tdk snal 0 witd n picad hg snjt 4 gukj th tdk rk 9 kyk th kyk >? by dknm h
@[KQQIC@ NCM KQ]IBN]IC@
1N trnalkm, mhksc’t dn dnvk vk n ajuk, fksimk tdk _hssifjk ncswkrs5 `kt simk trnalkm,
w JNC@[N@K JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 4.6 p>>4 I’b wijj nfhut cht th vkry jilkjy prhfnfjy tthh trnvkj trnvkj I’b bi`dt muk Pk b bi`dt i`dt wijj prhfnfjy muk th wijj nrrivk wijj nrrivk fhucm nfhut th `kt `hic` wijj th > n) 6 f) 1 a) = a) ; n) 7 f) 0 a) 4 n) 9 f)
NCQPKV LKY
`kt tdk snal, frncm ckw, `ivk shbkhck tdk ahjm sdhujmkr, mhc’t dnvk n ajuk, fksimk tdk phict, jk-wic` ncm ri`dt-wic` F
`kt tdk snal5 Phrlkrs uskm th anrry tdkir thhjs ic n snal. Pdkc tdk ehf wns cisdkm, tdk fhss rkturckm tdkir snal. It bknct tdk kcm hg tdkir kbpjhybkct. frncm ckw5 N frncm wns n rk ic n gurcnak, uskm th bnlk tdic`s hut hg bktnj. Ig yhu sny shbktdic` is frncm ckw, it bkncs it’s grksdjy bnmk grhb tdk rk. `ivk shbkhck tdk ahjm sdhujmkr5 ]dk ahjm sdhujmkr wns tdk whrst pnrt hg tdk jnbf. Yhu’m `ivk it th pkhpjk yhu mimc’t jilk. ]dis bknct tdky whujm `h nwny ncm cht fhtdkr yhu ncybhrk. mhc’t dnvk n ajuk5 N ajuk wns n fnjj hg stric` ic hjm Kc`jisd. ]rnmitihcnjjy, ig yhu kctkrkm n anvk hr n bnzk, yhu’m rhjj hut tdk stric` sh tdnt ig yhu `ht jhst, yhu’m ghjjhw tdk stric` fnal th tdk kctrncak. fksimk tdk phict5 ahbks grhb nradkry. Ig yhur sdht is fksimk tdk phict, it bkncs tdnt yhu nibkm nt tdk tnr`kt ncm bisskm jk-wic` ncm ri`dt-wic`5 Lic` Jhuis tdk Qixtkkctd anjjkm n jnr`k `rhup hg phjitiaincs th`ktdkr. th`ktdkr. ]dk ahcskrvntivks snt hc dis ri`dt ncm tdk jifkrnjs hc dis jk. Ahcskrvntivks dnvk sicak fkkc mksarifkm ns fkic` ri`dt-wic` ncm jifkrnjs ns jk-wic`. ;N > _krdnps it’s shbktdic` jilk ibn`ickk it’s 6 I’m ibn`ic shbktdic` ktdic` th mh witd 1 Is it shb F
npprhxibntkjy ‑ bhrk hr jkss it bi`dt fk ‑ it ahujm fk I’b cht surk, fut I’m kstibntk ‑ nt n rhu`d `ukss, I’m sny tdkrk’s ch wny it’s ‑ it anc’t fk JNC@[N@KFNCL FNCL 4.1 p>>4 w JNC@[N@K
> jkss 6 mh 1 kstibntk = rhu`d ; ahujm 7 npprhxibntkjy 7N `ukss, ss, Im’ sny ki`dt. > Nt n rhu`d `uk bncy. 6 ]dkrk’s ch wny it’s tdnt bncy. 1 It ahujm fk. = It anc’t fk bhrk tdnc six. ahuctriks. s. ; I’b cht surk fut I’m kstibntk tkc ahuctrik ]dnt’s bhrk hr jkss tdk snbk ns bk. 7
JKNVC ]H @IWK QDHV] VKQ_HCQKQ ]H CKP ICGHVBN]IHC 0N n) 6, ;, 7
f) > a) = m) 1
4
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4
67
6CM KMI]IHC
_J[Q IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q
NCQPKV LKY
4.= GICMIC@ H[]
4.; JHHLFNAL
MWM WIKP
JKTIANJ AD[CLQ PI]D BNLK , MH , ]NLK
6 n) 1
>N > njtkrntihcs 6 skrihusjy 1 mknj 7 ahctrhj 0 `rnctkm 4 utbhst
f) 6 a) = m) >
1N > Yhu dnvk th jknrc th jtkr icghrbntihc sh yhu ucmkrstncm wdkrk it’s
ahbic` grhb. wnctt th eust `hh`jk shbktdic` ncm `h witd tdk rst 6 Yhu mhc’t wnc ncswkr tdnt yhu cm. 1 Cht kvkrytdic`. Qdk ssnys nys yhu dnvk th th fk vkry anrkguj ncm skjkat tdk icghrbntihc. kry ibphrtnct th rksknrad wdnt yhu’rk yhu’rk rknmic` ncm th misahvkr misahvkr = It’s vvkry ncy shuraks sh yhu anc ahbk th yhur hwc ahcajusihc. F > jtkr 6 shurak
1 picad
= yhur hwc
A hu put `ns, jiquim, kta. tdrhu`d tdrhu`d ic hrmkr th th > N jtkr is shbktdic` yyhu rkbhvk ucwnctkm pnrts ncm bnlk it usknfjk. Gijtkr icghrbntihc
bkncs rkbhvk whrms hr icghrbntihc yhu mhc’t trust ic hrmkr th cm tdk trutd. pjnakk tdnt yhu `kt shbktdic` shbktdic` grhb. 6 N shurak is tdk tdic`, pkrshc hr pjna N trustkm shurak shurak bkncs yhu trust wdkrk tdk icghrbntihc is ahbic` grhb sh yhu anc fkjikvk it is truk. 1 Yhu mh cht fkjikvk it ahbpjktkjy. = ]diclic` ghr yhurskjg. = >]
6G 1] =G
;N > bixkm 6 misakrcic` A n) 1
1 dknrt = naakss
f) = a) > m) 6
7N
= mnbn`k ; nmvnctn`k
VKJN]IWK AJN[QKQ 6N > wdh 6 tdk pjnaks wdkrk 1 wdhsk gntdkr = tdk bhbkct wdkc ; fkrriks tdnt 7 wdhsk fnslkt 0 wdh dnm skkc 4 tdk pjnak wdkrk
G[][VK GHVBQ 1 > 6 1 = ;
]dk tr trnic nic is muk th nrrivk nt >=.1?. I wns eust nfh nfhut ut th tkjkpdhck yhu. [cghrtuc [cghrtucntkjy, ntkjy, wk’rk cht jilkjy th skk tdkb n`nic shhc. I’m tnlk nc ubfrkjjn. It bi`dt th rnic jntkr. Pk mhc’t ckkm th fuy ncy ghhm. ]dky nrk fhucm th dnvk jhts njrknmy. ahcvicakm icakm wk’jj th fk cisdkm cisdkm fy jucadtibk. 7 I’b cht ahcv yknr.. Pk’rk `hic` th dnvk n 0 Pk dnvkc’t skkc knad htdkr ghr hvkr n yknr frijjinct tibk. 4 ]dky’jj prhfnfjy nrrivk eust fkghrk tdk stnrt.
AVI]IANJ ]DICLIC@ = > pjnusifjk 6 naaurntk 7 finskm 0 rknshcnfjk
1 rkjinfjk = wkjj-icghrbkm ; bisjknmic` 4 hpkc-bicmkm 9 stnwkm >? rntihcnj
fkjikvk ic pkhpjk 1 vnjuks 6 n jhvk hg disthry = n jhvk hg fhhls >
@[KQQIC@ NCM KQ]IBN]IC@
F wdkrkk yhu `ht kctk kctkrtnickm rtnickm ncm yhu `ht > Fhhls nrk n pjnak wdkr
;N ]dk phssifjk njtkrcntivks5 > It ahujm fk, It bi`dt fk 6 _krdnps it’s shbktdic` th mh witd, I’b cht surk fut I tdicl it’s 1 ]dkrk’s ch wny it’s, It anc’t fk
lchwjkm`k ncm yhu ghucm hut nfhut tdk whrjm. 6 Bnlic` bhcky. nchtdkr,, ncm ic yhurskjg yhurskjg.. 1 Ic pkhpjk, ic hck nchtdkr bhtdkr.. Dis `rncmgntdkr wns n disthrinc. Dis = Dis `rncmgntdkr ncm bhtdkr bhtdkr is nc nrt disthrinc. Qdk thhl dib th buskubs ncm `njjkriks njj tdk tibk wdkc dk wns `rhwic` up.
writkfnal n rksphcsk writkfnal 4N
ch
4
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