ANSIA137_081908

ANSI A137.1-2008

American National Standard Specifications for Ceramic Tile

Secretariat Tile Council of North America, Incorporated Approved American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This publication presents voluntary standard specifications for ceramic tile. It lists and defines various types, sizes, physical properties, and grading procedures for ceramic tile, including mosaic tile, quarry tile, pressed floor tile, glazed wall tile, porcelain tile, trim units, and specialty tile. This standard provides quality criteria for buyers, specifiers, installers, manufacturers, and the public in general. It is intended for reference or inclusion in the ceramic tile section of project specifications and contracts.

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American National Standard Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretation should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.

Published by: Tile Council of North America, Incorporated 100 Clemson Research Boulevard Anderson, SC 29625

Copyright © 2008 Tile Council of North America Incorporated. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America.

100 Clemson Research Blvd. Anderson, SC 29625 Tel: 864-646-8453 ❒ Fax: 864-646-2821 Web Site: www.tileusa.com Product Email: [email protected] Lab Email: [email protected]

Batallón de San Patricio #109-308. Colonia Valle Oriente San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León. CP 66269 Tel: 52 (81) 8625-3306 ❒ Fax: 52 (81) 8625-3333 Sitio en Internet: www.tileusa.com y www.tcna.com.mx Correo electrónico del producto: [email protected]

Production Staff Eric Astrachan, Executive Director, Tile Council of North America Dan Brown, Cover Design, Visiontech Studios Bill Griese, Laboratory Engineer, Tile Council of North America D.J. Liefer, Marketing & Communications Specialist, Tile Council of North America Stephanie Samulski, Instructor, Ceramic Tile Education Foundation Kathy Snipes, Industry Relations, Tile Council of North America Shannon Woodmansee, Director of Membership & Public Relations, Tile Council of North America

NOTICE TO READER THIS PUBLICATION AND ALL OF THE INFORMATION IT CONTAINS ARE PROVIDED ‘AS IS’ WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. PUBLISHER HAS NOT PERFORMED ANY INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS IN CONNECTION WITH ANY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY OBLIGATION TO OBTAIN AND INCLUDE INFORMATION OTHER THAN THAT PRESENTED HEREIN RESULTING FROM THE ANSI ACCREDITED STANDARDS COMMITTEE A108 PROCESS. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL PUBLISHER BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON OR BUSINESS ENTITY FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, RESULTING, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FROM ANY USE OF, REFERENCE TO, OR RELIANCE UPON THIS PUBLICATION.

Foreword

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Foreword This voluntary standard lists and defines various types, sizes, physical properties and grading procedures for ceramic tile. It is intended as a guide to aid the general public, manufacturers, distributors, specifiers, architects, tile contractors, and other businesses and professionals in the tile industry. While the existence of the standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, including those who have accepted it, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing or using products, processes or procedures not conforming to this standard, producers of ceramic tile made in conformance with this standard are encouraged individually to indicate such conformance in advertising, promotion, and on tags and labels. These standards were processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) on Ceramic Tile A108. Committee approval of a standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. The A108 Committee had the following members at the time it approved these standards: Committee Members Organization Represented......................................................................................... Name of Representative American Hotel and Motel Association..............................................................................................Kevin Maher APA The Engineered Wood Association...........................................................................................Fulton Desler ARCOM, Inc................................................................................................................... Eugene “Buz” Groshong Artcraft Granite Marble and Tile.....................................................................................................James Woelfel Atlas Minerals and Chemicals........................................................................................................ Mario Navarro Bonsal American............................................................................................................................... Tom Cassutt Bostik, Inc............................................................................................................................................... Sue Isble Ceramic Tile and Stone Assoc. of Arizona.......................................................................................... Sam Hibbs Ceramic Tile and Stone Consultants............................................................................................. Donato Pompo Ceramic Tile Distributors Association.............................................................................................. Sam Widener Ceramic Tile Education Foundation................................................................................................... Dave Gobis Ceramic Tile Institute of America................................................................................................... Gray Lafortune Chicago Tile Institute...................................................................................................................... Larry Bourbon Construction Specifications Institute............................................................................................... Howard Pryor Crossville, Inc........................................................................................................................................ Tim Bolby Custom Building Products................................................................................................................ Dave deBear Dal-Tile International.......................................................................................................................... James Neel David Allen Company............................................................................................................................ Don Scott Forensic Tile Consultants.................................................................................................................. Greg Mowat Great Lakes Ceramic Tile Council.................................................................................................. Gerald Chioini Gypsum Association.......................................................................................................................Robert Wessel Huntington Tile.................................................................................................................................David Adams Interceramic.................................................................................................................... Fernando Lozano Assad International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers................................................................ John Mason James Hardie Building Products..................................................................................................... Chad Diercks Marble Institute of America......................................................................................................Chuck Muelbauher Materials and Methods Standards Association....................................................................................Steve Fine Metropolitan Ceramics/Ironrock, Inc..............................................................................................Roy Gorton, Jr. Michael Byrne Associates.............................................................................................................. Michael Byrne National Association of Home Builders....................................................................................................Jeff Inks National Tile Contractors Association................................................................................................. Bart Bettiga Oceanside Glasstile Company........................................................................................................ Scott Fleming Portland Cement Association............................................................................................................ Jamie Farny Professional Consultants International, LLC.............................................................................Richard Goldberg Radiant Panel Association................................................................................................................... Dan Chiles Schluter Systems............................................................................................................................ Peter Nielsen Summitville Tiles, Inc................................................................................................................................Joe Dutt TCA Team, LLC..................................................................................................................... Stephanie Samulski TCNA Underlayment Committee................................................................................................. Leigh Hightower Terrazzo Tile and Marble Association of Canada.......................................................................... Dale Kempster Tile and Stone Council of Northern California..................................................................................John Wagner iv

Foreword

Committee Members continued Organization Represented......................................................................................... Name of Representative Tile Contractors Association of America............................................................................................Chris Walker Tile Council of North America, Inc.........................................................................................................Bill Griese United Brotherhood of Carpenters.....................................................................................................Steve Fuller US TAG to ISO TC-189 WG3.............................................................................................................Greg Schad Western States Ceramic Tile Contractors Association.................................................................... William Steed Wood Construction and Engineering Consultant.............................................................................Frank Woeste The Tile Council of North America wishes to acknowledge the contributions of the ad hoc A137.1 revision committee: Terry Adams, Noah Chitty, Silver Cornia, Jim Fox, Keith Doegg, Roy Gorton, Jr., Svend Hovmand, Felipe Matan, Craig Miller, James Neel, David Reader, Guy Renkert, Eduardo Rios, and Tom Sawyer, and the many others who also contributed to the development of the draft version submitted to ANSI ASC-A108 for its consideration.

Foreword

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Standards The following standards are referred to in the body of this standard by ASTM designation only and by reference are incorporated in this American National Standard. Dates following ASTM designation indicate date of publication or latest revision. Dates in parentheses indicate date on which standard was reaffirmed. Current edition of these standards should be utilized at all times.

Standard Designation

Title

ASTM C370-88 (1999)

Standard Test Method for Moisture Expansion of Fired Whiteware Products

ASTM C372-94 (2001)

Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porcelain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Fired Ceramic Whiteware Products by the Dilatometer Method

ASTM C373-88 (1999)

Standard Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity, and Apparent Specific Gravity of Fired Whiteware Products

ASTM C424-93 (1999)

Standard Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glaze Whitewares by Autoclave Treatment

ASTM C482-02

Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement

ASTM C484-99 (2003)

Standard Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile

ASTM C485-83 (2003)

Standard Test Method for Measuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile

ASTM C499-78 (2003)

Standard Test Method for Facial Dimensions and Thickness of Flat, Rectangular Ceramic Wall and Floor Tile

ASTM C502-04

Standard Test Method for Wedging of Flat, Rectangular Ceramic Wall and Floor Tile

ASTM C609-90 (2000)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Small Color Differences Between Ceramic Wall or Floor Tile

ASTM C648-04

Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile

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Foreword

Standard Designation

Title

ASTM C650-04

Standard Test Method for Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances

ASTM C1026-87 (2002)

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Freeze-Thaw Cycling

ASTM C1027-99 (2004)

Standard Test Method for Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile

ASTM C1028-06

Standard Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by the Horizontal Dynamometer PullMeter Method

ASTM C1243-93 (2003)

Standard Test Method for Relative Resistance to Deep Abrasive Wear of Unglazed Ceramic Tile by Rotating Disc

ASTM C1378-04

Standard Test Method for Determination of Resistance to Staining

Foreword

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Table of Contents Foreword �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� iv Committee Members��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� iv Standards�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� vi 1.0 Purpose �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 2.0 Scope ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 3.0 Definition of Terms��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 4.0 Tile Classification����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 4.1 Class����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 5.0 Procedures for Sampling and Testing and Basis for Acceptance���������������������������������������������������������������������5 5.1 Lot Size������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 5.1.1 Lot Size Units������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 5.2 Sample Size�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 5.3 Sampling Plan��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 5.4 General Procedure�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 5.5 Basis for Acceptance����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 6.0 Ceramic Tile (Field and Trim)���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 6.1 Allowable Properties by Tile Type ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 6.2 Field Tile���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������14 6.3 Trim Units ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 7.0 Specialty Tile��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 7.1 Freeze-Thaw Cycling�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 7.2 Moisture Expansion����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 7.3 Linear Thermal Expansion������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 7.4 Visible Abrasion Resistance���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 7.5 Static Coefficient of Friction����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 7.6 Performance of Specialty Tile ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 8.0 Grade Marking and Certification���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 8.1 Grade Marking Distinguishes Various Qualities and Attributes of Ceramic Tiles ������������������������������������������18 8.2 Definition of Grades ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 8.3 Labeling Procedures �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 8.4 Authorized Use�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 8.5 Certification����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 viii

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8.6 Pre-Certification����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 9.0 Applicable Evaluation Procedures �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 9.1 Procedure for Determining Structural Defects in Field Tile and Trim Units ���������������������������������������������������19 9.2 Procedure for Evaluating Ceramic Tile for Facial Defects������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 9.3 Test Method for Color Difference (Shading) of Monochromatic (Aesthetic Class V0) Glazed Ceramic Field Tile �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������20 9.4 Evaluation of Shade Value of Ceramic Tiles (Aesthetic Classes V1 to V4)����������������������������������������������������20 9.5 Test Method for Mounting Variations �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������21 Tables Table 1: Class and Corresponding Water Absorption (wa) Ranges�����������������������������������������������������������������������5 Table 2: 2.5% AQL Inspection Level 2 Normal Sampling Plan�������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 Table 3: Aesthetic Classes�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 Table 4: Test Classification�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 Table 5: Index of Specification Tables��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 Table 6: Mosaic Tile������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9 Table 7: Quarry Tile����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������10 Table 8: Pressed Floor Tile�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������11 Table 9: Glazed Wall Tile��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 Table 10: Porcelain Tile����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13 Table 11: Deep Abrasion���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 Table 12: Visible Abrasion Classification��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 Table 13: Chemical Resistance Classification������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16 Table 14: Stain Resistance Classification�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16 Table 15: Determining Number of Grout Joints for Measurement – Example������������������������������������������������������22 Figures Figure 1: Mosaic Surface 1x1 Trim....................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 2: Mosaic Surface 2x2 Trim....................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 3: Mosaic Conventional 1x1 Trim.............................................................................................................. 23 Figure 4: Mosaic Conventional 2x2 Trim.............................................................................................................. 23 Figure 5: Mosaic Pool Edge Trim......................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 6: Mosaic Surface 1x1 Flat Top Base........................................................................................................ 23 Figure 7: Mosaic Surface 1x1 Round Top Base, Option 1.................................................................................... 24 Figure 8: Mosaic Surface 1x1 Round Top Base, Option 2.................................................................................... 24 Table of Contents

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Figure 9: Mosaic Surface 1x1 Round Top Base, Option 3.................................................................................... 24 Figure 10: Mosaic Surface 2x2 Flat Top Base, Option 1...................................................................................... 24 Figure 11: Mosaic Surface 2x2 Flat Top Base, Option 2...................................................................................... 24 Figure 12: Mosaic Surface 2x2 Round Top Base................................................................................................. 24 Figure 13: Quarry 4x8 Bullnose............................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 14: Quarry 6x6 Bullnose............................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 15: Quarry 6x8 Round Top Base............................................................................................................... 25 Figure 16: Quarry 4x8 Round Top Base............................................................................................................... 25 Figure 17: Quarry 6x6 Round Top Base............................................................................................................... 25 Figure 18: Quarry 6x6 Flat Top Base.................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 19: Quarry 6x8 Flat Top Base.................................................................................................................... 26 Figure 20: Pressed Floor/Porcelain 8x8 Trim, Option 1....................................................................................... 26 Figure 21: Pressed Floor/Porcelain 8x8 Trim, Option 2....................................................................................... 26 Figure 22: Pressed Floor/Porcelain 8x8 Trim, Option 3....................................................................................... 26 Figure 23: Pressed Floor/Porcelain 12x12 Trim................................................................................................... 26 Figure 24: Pressed Floor/Porcelain 6x8 Round Top Base.................................................................................... 27 Figure 25: Glazed Wall 4x4 Surface Trim............................................................................................................. 27 Figure 26: Glazed Wall 6x8 Surface Trim............................................................................................................. 27 Figure 27: Glazed Wall 4x4 Surface Bullnose...................................................................................................... 27 Figure 28: Glazed Wall 6x6 Surface Bullnose...................................................................................................... 27 Figure 29: Glazed Wall 2x6 Surface Bullnose...................................................................................................... 28 Figure 30: Glazed Wall 2x4 Surface Bullnose...................................................................................................... 28 Figure 31: Glazed Wall 4x6 Surface Bullnose...................................................................................................... 28 Figure 32: Glazed Wall 6x4 Surface Bullnose...................................................................................................... 28 Figure 33: Glazed Wall 4x4 Base......................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 34: Glazed Wall 4x4 Sanitary Base............................................................................................................28 Figure 35: Glazed Wall 4x6 Sanitary Base............................................................................................................28 Figure 36: Glazed Wall 6x6 Sanitary Base............................................................................................................28 Figure 37: Glazed Wall Counter Rail (Sink Rail)...................................................................................................29 Figure 38: Glazed Wall 4x4 Conventional Trim.....................................................................................................29 Figure 39: Glazed Wall 6x6 Conventional Trim.....................................................................................................29 Figure 40: Glazed Wall 4x6 Conventional Trim.....................................................................................................29 Figure 41: Glazed Wall 6x4 Conventional Trim.....................................................................................................30 Figure 42: Glazed Wall 2x6 Conventional Bullnose..............................................................................................30 x

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Figure 43: Glazed Wall 4x4 Conventional Bullnose..............................................................................................30 Figure 44: Glazed Wall 6x6 Conventional Bullnose..............................................................................................30 Figure 45: Glazed Wall 2x6 Conventional Base....................................................................................................30 Figure 46: Glazed Wall 6x6 Conventional Base, Option 1....................................................................................31 Figure 47: Glazed Wall 6x6 Conventional Base, Option 2....................................................................................31 Figure 48: Glazed Wall 4x6 Conventional Base....................................................................................................31 Figure 49: Glazed Wall Quarter Round Trim.........................................................................................................31 Figure 50: Glazed Wall Double Return Trim..........................................................................................................31 Figure 51: Master Grade Certificate......................................................................................................................32 Figure 52: Letter of Compliance Certificate...........................................................................................................33

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American National Standard Specifications for Ceramic Tile ANSI A137.1 – 2008 [Revised] 1.0 Purpose These specifications serve as a reference standard for buyers and specifiers of Standard Grade and Second Grade ceramic tile, Decorative Tile, and Specialty Tile. These specifications are also a guide to producers in maintaining quality control of the manufacture of such ceramic tile. 2.0 Scope These Specifications describe the normally available sizes and shapes of ceramic tile: the physical properties of Standard Grade and Second Grade Ceramic Tile, Decorative Tile and Specialty Tile; the basis for acceptance and methods of testing prior to installation; the marking and certification of ceramic tile; and the definitions of terms employed in these specifications. 3.0 Definition of Terms Aesthetic Class: A value assigned by the producer to a tile series (V0, V1, V2, V3, or V4). The letter ‘V’ indicates “variation,” with the numbers quantifying the degree of variation of overall color and/or texture. The color can vary in intensity, brightness, hue, and saturation, or by pattern variation. This value is intended to give an indication of what a consumer can visually expect for a specific product. See Table 3. Basis for Acceptance: The method of determining whether a lot of ceramic tile is acceptable under these specifications. Caliber Range: An acceptable size range for tiles to be used in the same installation. Calibrated Tile: Tiles that have been sorted to meet a manufacturer’s stated caliber range. Ceramic Mosaic Tile: Tile, usually ¼ inch (6.35 mm) to 3/8 inch thick (9.53 mm), and having a facial area of less than 9 inch2 (228.6 mm2). Such tiles are typically mounted in sheets or strips with other mosaic tiles. Ceramic Tile: See definition for Tile. Commercial: Flooring areas that are subjected to considerable traffic and abrasive soil. Some examples of these would be: entrances, workrooms, inns, exhibition halls, and salesrooms. Decorative Tile: A tile that is suitable for decorative use where the aesthetic value may outweigh one or more physical properties including, but not limited to: breaking strength, chemical resistance, or crazing resistance. Such a tile is generally used for interior decorative wall applications. Edge-bonded Tile: See definition for Pre-grouted Tile. Facial Defect: The portion of the facial surface of the tile which is readily observed to be nonconforming and which will detract from the appearance or serviceability of the installed tile. Examples of such defects include, but are not limited to: pinholes, contaminants, chips, cracks, scratches, and glaze application errors. Field Tile: A general term for the tile used in the majority of an installation. Floor Tile: A manufacturer specified ceramic tile primarily for use on floors, but also suitable for use on walls and countertops, and having a facial area of 9 inch2 or more. Floor-Wall Coordinating Tile: Wall tile designed to the same basic visual characteristics as corresponding floor tile, intended for use in the same installation. Gloss: Reflectivity of the tile surface.

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Glazed Tile: Tile with a fused impervious facial finish composed of ceramic materials, fused to the body of the tile. There are two basic types of glazed tile: Fully Glazed Tile: Ceramic tile where the facial surface is fully covered with glaze. Partially Glazed Tile: Ceramic tile where the facial surface is partially covered with glaze. Glazed Wall Tile: A glazed tile with a body that is suitable for interior use and which is usually non-vitreous, and is not required nor expected to withstand excessive impact or be subjected to freezing and thawing conditions. Ground Edge Tile: Tile that has had each of its four sides mechanically finished to provide a uniform, square edge. Heavy Commercial: A flooring area that is subjected to heavy traffic with very abrasive soil. An example of this would be the floor of a manufacturing facility. Heavy Residential: See Light Commercial. Honed Tile: Tile that have had the surface mechanically altered to a uniform, matte finish. Impervious Tile: Tile with water absorption of 0.5% or less (Class P1, E1, or O1). Light Commercial: Non-industrial flooring areas that are subject to normal footwear traffic with occasional amounts of abrasive soil. Some examples of these would be: halls, kitchens, and corridors. Light Residential: Residential flooring areas subject to soft-soled footwear or normal footwear traffic without heavy dirt. Some examples would be: interior rooms such as bathrooms and bedrooms without exterior access. Loading: Putting material into a die prior to pressing. This can be done multiple times for a single piece of tile. Single, double, and triple loaded products are possible. Module Size: The actual tile dimension plus the manufacturer’s recommended joint width. The module dimension is measured from center to center of the joints. Modular Tile: See System Modularity. Mounted Tile: Tile assembled into units, sheets, or strips by suitable material to facilitate handling and installation. Tile may be face-mounted, back-mounted, or edge-mounted. NOTE: Tile manufacturers must specify whether back-mounted or edge-mounted tile assemblies are suitable for installation in swimming pools, on exteriors and/or in wet areas. Back-mounted tile with paper on the back side shall not be installed in wet areas. Back (or edge) -mounted tile assemblies may have perforated paper, fiber mesh, resin, or other suitable material applied to the back and/or edges of each tile which becomes an integral part of the tile installation. Back-mounted and edge-mounted tile assemblies shall have a sufficient exposure of tile and joints surrounding each tile to comply with bond strength requirements. Face-mounted tile assemblies may have paper or other suitable material bonded to the face of all tiles in a sheet or strip. Natural Clay Tile: A ceramic mosaic tile or a floor tile made by either the pressed, extrusion or the plastic method, from clays that produce a dense body having a distinctive slightly textured appearance. Natural Tile: Tile that is not sized nor sorted mechanically, as referred to in Table 8. Nominal Size: This is the approximate facial size or thickness of tile, expressed in inches or fractions of an inch (or in centimeters or millimeters) for general reference. Non-ceramic Tile: Tile, decorative tile, or trim units composed of material(s) other than ceramic. Some examples would be cement, resin, or metallic tiles. Units such as these may be used in conjunction with ceramic tile, but are not subject to this specification. 2

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Non-vitreous Tile: Tile with water absorption of more than 7.0%, but not more than 20% (Class P4, E4, or O4). Paver Tile: A general term for floor tile. Physical Properties of Ceramic Tile: Those properties as measured by the ASTM or ANSI tests referred to herein. Copies of the ASTM test procedures may be obtained from: ASTM International 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 (610) 832-9500 www.astm.org When no standard test is available from ASTM, the test procedure required is included within this specification. Polished Tile: A ceramic tile that has had the surface mechanically finished to provide a flat, smooth, reflective surface over more than 90% of the surface area. Porcelain Tile: A ceramic tile that has a water absorption of 0.5% or less that is generally made by the pressed or extruded method. Does not include materials with very little or no crystallinity, such as glass tile (Class P1, E1, or O1). Precision Tile: See Rectified Tile. Pre-grouted Tile: A surfacing unit consisting of an assembly of ceramic tiles bonded together at their edges by a material, generally elastomeric, which seals the joints completely. Such material (grout) may fill the joint completely or partially and may cover all, a portion, or none of the back surfaces of the tiles in the sheets. The perimeter of these factory pre-grouted sheets may include the entire or part of the joint between the sheets or none at all. The term “edge-bonded tile” is sometimes used to designate a particular type of pre-grouted tile sheets having the front and back surfaces completely exposed. Pressed Ceramic Tile: Tiles manufactured by having the body formed by pressing. Pressed Floor Tile: Floor tile (see definition) manufactured by having the body of the tile formed by pressing. Punch Texture: The texture of the die used to form a ceramic tile using the pressed method. Flat: Uniform, smooth surface. Textured: Raised or depressed features present on the surface. Quarry Tile: Glazed or unglazed tile, made by the extrusion process from natural clay or shale. Rectified Tile: A tile that has had all edges mechanically finished to achieve a more precise facial dimension. Residential: Non-commercial floor areas that are subject to soft-soled footwear or normal footwear traffic with small amounts of abrasive soil. Some examples of these would be: living or dining rooms. Sampling: The method of obtaining tile for testing from an agreed-upon lot. Self-spacing Tile: Tile with lugs or spacers on the sides which automatically space the tile for grout joints. Semi-polished Tile: A textured tile that has 1% to 90% of the surface mechanically finished to a gloss sheen. Semi-vitreous Tile: Tile with water absorption of more than 3.0%, but not more than 7.0% (Class P3, E3, or O3). Shade or Shade Value: A manufacturer designation (normally a number(s) or letter(s)) printed on the box or label that signifies that particular box of tile is visually suitable for use with other boxes having an identical shade value. This property can be influenced by glaze application, punch texture, firing conditions, gloss level, and lighting conditions.

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Slip-resistant Tile: Tile usually having greater slip-resistant characteristics due to an abrasive admixture, abrasive particles in the surface, grooves or patterns in the surface, or a glaze specifically designed for increased coefficient of friction. Specialty Tile: Tile, either glazed or unglazed, made to meet or have special physical design or appearance characteristics such as size, thickness, shade, color, or decoration; keys or lugs on backs or sides; pre-grouted assemblies or sheets; special resistance to staining, frost, alkalis, acids, thermal shock, and/or physical impact; or high coefficient of friction. Standard Shade Tile: At least one tile, per shade, kept by the producer, and is considered to be the benchmark for a specific tile color and shade combination. Depending on the aesthetic value, more than one tile may be needed to adequately represent a particular color (See Table 3). Surface Texture: The pattern left by the punch or mold used to form a tile body. Structural Defects: Cracks or laminations in the body of the tile that detract from the appearance and/or the structural soundness of the tile installation. System Modularity: Tiles of various nominal dimensions are sized so that they may be installed together in patterns with a common specified joint width. Testing of Ceramic Tile: The act of determining whether ceramic tile are acceptable; see Physical Properties of Ceramic Tile. Tile: A ceramic surfacing unit, usually relatively thin in relation to facial area, having either a glazed or unglazed face and fired above red heat in the course of manufacture to a temperature sufficiently high to produce specific physical properties and characteristics. Tile Assemblies: See definition for Mounted Tile. Tile Edge: The tile edge has the following classifications: Beveled: An edge that has multiple angles. Cushioned: A rounded edge. Ground: Mechanically finished. Rustic: Edges that have been intentionally given the characteristics of chipped or scalloped features. Square: A 90 degree angle. Tone: See Shade Value. Trim Units: Units of various shapes consisting of such items as bases, caps, corners, moldings, angles, etc., necessary to achieve an installation of the desired sanitary and/or architectural design. Common trim unit shapes and designations are provided in Figures 1-50. Unglazed Tile: A tile having no glaze present, deriving color and texture from the materials of which the body is made and/or processes performed on the surface of the tile such as polishing, honing, or staining. Vitreous Tile: Tile with water absorption of more than 0.5%, but not more than 3.0% (Class P2, E2, or O2). Wall Tile: A glazed or unglazed tile with a body that is suitable for interior wall use and which is usually nonvitreous (Class P4) for improved adhesion to vertical surfaces. Unless noted otherwise, these tiles will have attached spacing lugs. These tiles are also not required or expected to withstand excessive impact, abrasion, or be subjected to freeze/thaw cycling.

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4.0 Tile Classification 4.1 Class Class based on water absorption and forming method is given in Table 1. Table 1: Class and Corresponding Water Absorption (wa) Ranges Forming Method

Impervious (Porcelain) wa < 0.5%

Vitreous 0.5% < wa < 3.0%

Semi-Vitreous 3.0% < wa < 7.0%

Non-Vitreous 7.0% < wa < 20.0%

Pressed

P1

P2

P3

P4

Extruded

E1

E2

E3

E4

Other

O1

O2

O3

O4

5.0 Procedures for Sampling and Testing and Basis for Acceptance 5.1 Lot Size The lot size shall be that specified by the seller of the ceramic tile. In event the seller does not specify the lot size, the lot size shall be a single shipment of tile to the installation. 5.1.1 Lot Size Units The unit of measure can vary based on the size, type, and quantity of tiles in a shipment. For example, the basic lot size unit may be an individual piece of tile, square foot of product, or a full sheet of mosaics. The manufacturer/seller shall specify the lot size basic unit definition prior to sampling. In the event the manufacturer seller does not define the lot size unit, the default shall be a single piece of tile. 5.2 Sample Size The number of samples (in lot size units) pulled from the lot. 5.3 Sampling Plan The sampling plan is based on acceptance numbers as indicated in ANSI/ASQ Z1.4-2003 (Normal Sampling Plan, Level 2). An example of the standard sampling plan is provided as Table 2. For example, AQL 2.5% for a sample size of 80 pieces means accept the lot if five or less fail; reject the lot if six or more fail. Table 2 Acceptance Numbers - Acceptance numbers (Ac) for sample size for use in determining acceptance of ceramic tile and ceramic tile trim units. Based on 2.5% AQL (ANSI/ASQ Z1.4-2003). Table 2: 2.5% AQL Inspection Level 2 Normal Sampling Plan Number of Defective Units Lot Size Units

Sample Size

Accept Lot (Ac)

Reject Lot

2 to 8

2

0

1

9 to 15

3

0

1

16 to 25

5

0

1

26 to 50

8

0

1

51 to 90

13

1

2

91 to 150

20

1

2

151 to 280

32

2

3

281 to 500

50

3

4

501 to 1,200

80

5

6

1,201 to 3,200

125

7

8

3,201 to 10,000

200

10

11

10,001 to 35,000

315

14

15

35,001 to 150,000

500

21

22

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5.4 General Procedure 5.4.1 Facial and Structural Defects 5.4.1.1 The tiles in the sample shall be examined for facial and structural defects before performing any other testing. Note that if one tile has several defects, it is counted as one defective tile. 5.4.1.2 For mosaic sheets, a sub sample is examined. (See section 5.4.3.2.) 5.4.1.3 For individual mosaic pieces, the face side shall be examined for facial defects and structural defects. 5.4.2 Aesthetic Classification and Shade Variations 5.4.2.1 Aesthetic Classification. Tiles may vary in color, texture, or appearance according to the manufacturer’s design for that particular tile series or product line. The following aesthetic class designations have been provided in Table 3, so that the manufacturer may communicate the aesthetic characteristics of a particular tile product. Table 3: Aesthetic Classes

V0 = Very Uniform Appearance

Pieces of the same shade value are very uniform and smooth in texture. They can be measured for small color differences and are in compliance with the color uniformity requirements of Tables 6—10.

V1 = Uniform Appearance

Differences among pieces from the same production run are minimal.

V2 = Slight Variation

Clearly distinguishable differences in texture and/or pattern within similar colors.

V3 = Moderate Variation

While the colors and/or texture present on a single piece of tile will be indicative of the colors and/or texture to be expected on the other tiles, the amount of colors and/ or texture on each piece may vary significantly. It is recommended that the range be viewed before selection.

V4 = Substantial Variation

Random color and/or texture differences from tile to tile, so that one tile may have totally different colors and/or texture from that on other tiles. Thus, the final installation will be unique. It is recommended that the range be viewed before selection.

5.4.2.2 For aesthetic Classes V0, V1, and V2, there should be minimal visible box-to-box variation present between boxes labeled with identical shade values. 5.4.2.3 Tiles with a V3 or V4 aesthetic class may exhibit box-to-box variations. However, these products shall have a continuous natural blend. 5.4.3 Examination for Facial and Structural Defects (Sections 9.1 and 9.2); Destructive and NonDestructive Testing (Table 4) 5.4.3.1 Sample Selection. For each test, pieces are selected according to Table 2 (unless more are required by the testing procedure), and the acceptance shall be determined as specified. 5.4.3.2 Mounted Mosaic Tiles. Mosaic sheets shall be sampled according to Section 5.4.1.3. When a lot size unit is not specified, a single sheet shall be used to represent a single unit. Additionally, a sub-sample shall be selected from each sheet of the sample. Using the number of mosaics in the sheet as the total number of lot size units, the sub-sample shall be the sample size from Table 2 that corresponds to the appropriate lot size 6

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unit. The sheets are then accepted or rejected as whole sheets, based on the number of defective tile in the sub-sample of the sheet, using the acceptance number for the sub-sample from Table 2. 5.4.3.2.1 Example: A lot size of 2,000 square feet of 1 foot x 2 foot sheets of 2 inch x 2 inch tiles contains 1,000 sheets of mosaics or 1,000 lot size units. Based on Table 2, a sample size of 80 sheets should be selected, at random, for evaluation. Each of these sheets contains 72 mosaics. Based on Table 2, a sub-sample of 13 mosaics would be selected, at random, for evaluation. The acceptance number, from Table 2, for this sub-sample size (13 mosaics) is one. Therefore, one or fewer defective tiles will permit acceptance of the sheet, while two or more defective tiles will cause the sheet to be rejected. For the 80 sheets sampled from the 2,000 square foot lot, the acceptance number, from Table 2, for this sample size (80 sheets) is five. Therefore, five or fewer defective sheets will permit acceptance of the lot, while six or more defective sheets will cause the entire lot to be rejected. 5.4.3.3 All Tiles, Excluding Mounted Mosaics. The entire sample of tile shall be examined. Table 4: Test Classification Destructive

Non-Destructive

Property

Method

Property

Method

Bond Strength

ASTM C482

Coefficient of Friction

ASTM C1028

Breaking Strength

ASTM C648

Color Uniformity

ASTM C609 and Section 9.3

Chemical Resistance

ASTM C650

Facial Dimensions

ASTM C499

Crazing Resistance

ASTM C424

Mounting

Section 9.5

Deep Abrasion

ASTM C1243

Evaluation of Shade Value

Section 9.4

Stain Resistance

ASTM C1378

Thickness

ASTM C499

Visual Abrasion Resistance

ASTM C1027

Evaluation for Facial and Structural Defects

Sections 9.1 and 9.2

Thermal Shock Resistance

ASTM C484

Warpage

ASTM C485

Moisture Expansion

ASTM C370

Wedging

ASTM C502

Thermal Expansion

ASTM C372

Water Absorption

ASTM C373

Resistance to Freeze/Thaw Cycling

ASTM C1026

5.5 Basis for Acceptance A decision of whether or not to accept the sample is made by the aid of Table 2. 5.5.1 Facial and Structural Defects The number of facially and structurally defective tile in the sample is the sum of those facially defective and those structurally defective. However, if one tile has several defects, it is counted as one defective tile. See sections 9.1 and 9.2 for test methodology. 5.5.1.1 Example: For a lot size of 501 to 1,200 tiles (where a unit is a single tile): The sample size = 80 tiles and five or fewer defective tiles permits acceptance of the lot, and six or more defective tiles causes rejection of the lot. (For mounted mosaics, see section 5.4.3.2.) 5.5.2 Destructive and Non-Destructive Tests (see Table 4) The acceptance number for a tile sample shall conform to Table 2. Acceptance criteria apply separately for each characteristic under test, and acceptance shall be determined as specified in the applicable table Tables 6—10) that describes the test method and requirement. A137.1

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5.5.3 Test Methods The test methods to be used for determining specifications are presented in Table 4. 6.0 Ceramic Tile (Field and Trim) 6.1 Allowable Properties by Tile Type These are presented in Tables 6—10. Table 5: Index of Specification Tables

8

Tile Type

Table Number

Mosaic

6

Quarry

7

Pressed Floor

8

Glazed Wall

9

Porcelain

10

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Table 6: Mosaic Tile Mosaic Tile Specification

Mosaic Tile Trim

Property

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

Nominal Size (ASTM C499)

-10.00%

10.00%

-10.00%

10.00%

Caliber Range (Variation from average facial dimension of sample, tested per ASTM C499)

-5.00%

5.00%

-5.00%

5.00%

Warpage Edge (ASTM C485)

-1.00%

1.00%

-1.50%

1.50%

Warpage Diagonal (ASTM C485)

-0.75%

0.75%

N/A

N/A

Wedging (ASTM C502)

-2.00%

2.00%

-3.00%

3.00%

Mounting/Crooked Tiles (Section 9.5)

Individual joint range 50 psi

Water Absorption (ASTM C373)

As class

As class

As class

As class

Color Uniformity (ASTM C609 and Section 9.3)

N/A

3.0 Judds

N/A

3.0 Judds

Crazing Resistance1 (ASTM C424)

Pass

Pass

Thermal Shock1 (ASTM C484)

Pass

N/A

N/A

Chemical Resistance (ASTM C650)

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

SCOF (ASTM C1028)

As Reported

As Reported

N/A

N/A

Stain Resistance (ASTM C1378)

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

N/A

N/A

As Reported

As Reported

2

Breaking Strength (ASTM C648) Resistance to Freeze/Thaw Cycling4 (ASTM C1026)

> 50 psi

Average > 250 lbf. Individual > 225 lbf. As Reported

As Reported

Glazed Tile Only Class V0 Tile Only 3 May not apply to textured surfaces or tiles with uneven back patterns 4 When installation subject to freeze/thaw conditions 1

2

FOR REQUIREMENTS ON WORKMANSHIP, CUTTING, FITTING, AND GROUT JOINT SIZE, REFER TO ANSI A108.02 SECTION 4.3

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Table 7: Quarry Tile Quarry Tile Specification

Quarry Tile Trim

Property

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

Nominal Size (ASTM C499)

-2.00%

2.00%

-2.00%

2.00%

Caliber Range (Variation from average facial dimension of sample, tested per ASTM C499)

-0.75% or -0.09 in 0.75% or 0.09 in -0.75% or -0.09 in (-2.3 mm)1 (2.3 mm)1 (-2.3 mm)1

0.75% or 0.09 in (2.3 mm) 1

Warpage Edge (ASTM C485)

-1.50% or -0.18 in 1.50% or 0.18 in -1.50% or -0.18 in (-4.6 mm)1 (4.6 mm)1 (-4.6 mm)1

1.50% or 0.18 in (4.6 mm)1

Warpage Diagonal (ASTM C485) Wedging (ASTM C502)

-1.00% or -0.17 in 1.00% or 0.17 in (-4.3 mm)1 (4.3 mm)1

N/A

-1.00% or -0.12 in 1.00% or 0.12 in -1.00% or -0.12 in (-3.1 mm)1 (3.1 mm)1 (-3.1 mm)1

N/A 1.00% or 0.12 in (3.1 mm)1

Mounting (Section 9.5)

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Thickness4 (ASTM C499)

N/A

Range: 0.050 in (1.27 mm)

N/A

Range: 0.050 in (1.27 mm)

Visible Abrasion Resistance2 (ASTM C1027)

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

See Table 11

N/A

N/A

Deep Abrasion (ASTM C1243) Bond Strength (ASTM C482)

> 50 psi

Water Absorption (ASTM C373)

As class

5.00%

As class

5.00%

Color Uniformity3 (ASTM C609 and Section 9.3)

N/A

V0 - 3.0 Judds

N/A

V0 - 3.0 Judds

Crazing Resistance2 (ASTM C424)

Pass

Pass

Thermal Shock2 (ASTM C484)

Pass

N/A

N/A

Chemical Resistance (ASTM C650)

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

SCOF (ASTM C1028)

As Reported

As Reported

N/A

N/A

Stain Resistance (ASTM C1378)

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

N/A

N/A

As Reported

As Reported

Breaking Strength (ASTM C648) Resistance to Freeze/Thaw Cycling5 (ASTM C1026)

> 50 psi

Average > 250 lbf. Individual > 225 lbf. As Reported

As Reported

Whichever is less Glazed Tile Only 3 Class V0 Tile Only 4 May not apply to textured surfaces or tiles with uneven back patterns 5 When installation subject to freeze/thaw conditions 1

2

FOR REQUIREMENTS ON WORKMANSHIP, CUTTING, FITTING, AND GROUT JOINT SIZE, REFER TO ANSI A108.02 SECTION 4.3

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Table 8: Pressed Floor Tile Pressed Floor Tile Specification (does not include porcelain)

Pressed Floor Tile Trim

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

-4.00%

4.00%

-4.00%

4.00%

Caliber Range (Variation from average facial dimension of sample, tested per ASTM C499)

-0.75% or -0.09 in (-2.3 mm)1

0.75% or 0.09 in (2.3 mm)1

-1.00% or -0.12 in (-3.1 mm)1

1.00% or 0.12 in (3.1 mm)1

Warpage Edge (ASTM C485)

-1.00% or -0.12 in (-3.1 mm)1

1.00% or 0.12 in (3.1 mm)1

-1.50% or -0.18 in (-4.6 mm)1

1.50% or 0.18 in (4.6 mm)1

Warpage Diagonal (ASTM C485)

-0.75% or -0.13 in (-3.3 mm)1

0.75% or 0.13 in (3.3 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Wedging (ASTM C502)

-1.00% or -0.12 in (-3.1 mm)1

1.00% or 0.12 in (3.1 mm)1

-1.50% or -0.18 in (-4.6 mm)1

1.50% or 0.18 in (4.6 mm)1

Natural

Property Nominal Size (ASTM C499)

-3.00%

3.00%

-3.00%

3.00%

-0.50% or -0.08 in (-2.0 mm)1

0.50% or 0.08 in (2.0 mm)1

-0.75% or -0.09 in (-2.3 mm)1

0.75% or 0.09 in (2.3 mm)1

Warpage Edge (ASTM C485)

-0.75% or -0.08 in (-2.0 mm)1

0.75% or 0.08 in (2.0 mm)1

-1.00% or -0.12 in (-3.1 mm)1

1.00% or 0.12 in (3.1 mm)1

Warpage Diagonal (ASTM C485)

-0.50% or -0.08 in (-2.0 mm)1

0.50% or 0.08 in (2.0 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Wedging (ASTM C502)

-0.50% or -0.08 in (-2.0 mm)1

0.50% or 0.08 in (2.0 mm)1

-1.00% or -0.16 in (-3.1 mm)1

1.00% or 0.16 in (3.1 mm)1

Calibrated

Nominal Size (ASTM C499) Caliber Range (Variation from average facial dimension of sample, tested per ASTM C499)

-3.00%

2.00%

N/A

N/A

-0.25% or -0.03 in (-0.8 mm)1

0.25% or 0.03 in (0.8 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Warpage Edge (ASTM C485)

-0.40% or -0.05 in (-1.3 mm)1

0.40% or 0.05 in (1.3 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Warpage Diagonal (ASTM C485)

-0.40% or -0.07 in (-1.8 mm)1

0.40% or 0.07 in (1.8 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Wedging (ASTM C502)

-0.25% or -0.03 in (-0.8 mm)1

0.25% or 0.03 in (0.8 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Thickness4 (ASTM C499)

N/A

Range: 0.040 in (1.02 mm)

N/A

Range: 0.040 in (1.02 mm)

Visible Abrasion Resistance2 (ASTM C1027)

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

See Table 11

N/A

N/A

Rectified

Nominal Size (ASTM C499) Caliber Range (Variation from average facial dimension of sample, tested per ASTM C499)

Deep Abrasion (ASTM C1243) All pressed floor tile

Bond Strength (ASTM C482)

> 50 psi

Water Absorption (ASTM C373)

As class5

As class5

As class5

As class5

Color Uniformity3 (ASTM C609 and Section 9.3)

N/A

V0 - 3 Judds

N/A

V0 - 3 Judds

Crazing Resistance (ASTM C424)

Pass

Pass

Thermal Shock2 (ASTM C484)

Pass

N/A

N/A

Chemical Resistance (ASTM C650)

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

SCOF (ASTM C1028)

As Reported

As Reported

N/A

N/A

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

N/A

N/A

As Reported

As Reported

2

Stain Resistance (ASTM C1378) Breaking Strength (ASTM C648) Resistance to Freeze/Thaw Cycling (ASTM C1026)

> 50 psi

Average > 250 lbf./Individual > 225 lbf. 6

As Reported

As Reported

Whichever is less Glazed Tile Only 3 Class V0 Tile Only 4 May not apply to textured surfaces or tiles with uneven back patterns 5 Does not include type P1 - See Porcelain Table 10 6 When installation subject to freeze/thaw conditions 1

2

FOR REQUIREMENTS ON WORKMANSHIP, CUTTING, FITTING, AND GROUT JOINT SIZE, REFER TO ANSI A108.02 SECTION 4.3

A137.1

11

Table 9: Glazed Wall Tile Glazed Wall Tile Specification5

Glazed Wall Tile Trim

Calibrated Rectified

Property

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

Nominal Size (ASTM C499)

-2.00%

2.00%

-2.00%

2.00%

Caliber Range (Variation from average facial dimension of sample, tested per ASTM C499)

-0.30% or -0.04 in (-1.0 mm)1

0.30% or 0.04 in (1.0 mm)1

-0.40% or -0.05 in (-1.3 mm)1

0.40% or 0.05 in (1.3 mm)1

Warpage Edge (ASTM C485)

-0.30% or -0.04 in (-1.0 mm)1

0.40% or 0.05 in (1.3 mm)1

-0.30% or -0.04 in (-1.0 mm)1

0.40% or 0.05 in (1.3 mm)1

Warpage Diagonal (ASTM C485)

-0.30% or -0.05 in (-1.3 mm)1

0.40% or 0.07 in (1.8 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Wedging (ASTM C502)

-0.40% or -0.05 in (-1.3 mm)1

0.40% or 0.05 in (1.3 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Nominal Size (ASTM C499)

-2.00%

2.00%

N/A

N/A

Caliber Range (Variation from average facial dimension of sample, tested per ASTM C499)

-0.25% or -0.03 in (-0.8 mm)1

0.25% or 0.03 in (0.8 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Warpage Edge (ASTM C485)

-0.30% or -0.04 in (-1.0 mm)1

0.40% or 0.05 in (1.3 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Warpage Diagonal (ASTM C485)

-0.30% or -0.05 in (-1.3 mm)1

0.40% or 0.07 in (1.8 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Wedging (ASTM C502)

-0.25% or -0.03 in (-0.8 mm)1

0.25% or 0.03 in (0.8 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Mounting (Section 9.5)

Pass

Pass

N/A

N/A

Thickness (ASTM C499)

N/A

Range: 0.031 in (0.79 mm)

N/A

Range: 0.031 in (0.79 mm)

Bond Strength (ASTM C482)

> 50 psi

Water Absorption (ASTM C373)

P4

P4

P4

P4

Color Uniformity (ASTM C609 and Section 9.3)

N/A

V0 - 3 Judds

N/A

V0 - 3 Judds

Crazing Resistance (ASTM C424)

Pass

3

All glazed wall tile

2

> 50 psi

Pass

Thermal Shock (ASTM C484)

Pass

N/A

N/A

Chemical Resistance (ASTM C650)

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

Stain Resistance (ASTM C1378)

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

Breaking Strength (ASTM C648) Resistance to Freeze/Thaw Cycling4 (ASTM C1026)

Average > 125 lbf./Individual > 100 lbf. As Reported

As Reported

N/A

N/A

As Reported

As Reported

Whichever is less Class V0 Tile Only 3 May not apply to textured surfaces or tiles with uneven back patterns 4 When installation subject to freeze/thaw conditions 5 These specifications do not include pressed floor tile, porcelain tile, quarry tile, nor mosaics, when used on walls 1

2

FOR REQUIREMENTS ON WORKMANSHIP, CUTTING, FITTING, AND GROUT JOINT SIZE, REFER TO ANSI A108.02 SECTION 4.3

12

A137.1

Table 10: Porcelain Tile Porcelain Tile Specification

Porcelain Trim

Calibrated

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

-3.00%

3.00%

-3.00%

3.00%

Caliber Range (Variation from average facial dimension of sample, tested per ASTM C499)

-0.50% or -0.08 in (-2.0 mm)1

0.50% or 0.08 in (2.0 mm)1

-0.75% or -0.09 in (-2.3 mm)1

0.75% or 0.09 in (2.3 mm)1

Warpage Edge (ASTM C485)

-0.75% or -0.09 in (-2.3 mm)1

0.75% or 0.09 in (2.3 mm)1

-1.00% or -0.12 in (-3.1 mm)1

1.00% or 0.12 in (3.1 mm)1

Warpage Diagonal (ASTM C485)

-0.50% or -0.08 in (-2.0 mm)1

0.50% or 0.08 in (2.0 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Wedging (ASTM C502)

-0.50% or -0.08 in (-2.0 mm)1

0.50% or 0.08 in (2.0 mm)1

-1.00% or -0.12 in (-3.1 mm)1

1.00% or 0.12 in (3.1 mm)1

Nominal Size (ASTM C499)

-3.00%

2.00%

N/A

N/A

Caliber Range (Variation from average facial dimension of sample, tested per ASTM C499)

-0.25% or -0.03 in (-0.8 mm)1

0.25% or 0.03 in (0.8 mm)1

N/A

N/A

-0.40% or -0.05 in (-1.3 mm)+ or -1.8 mm++

0.40% or 0.05 in (1.3 mm)+ or 1.8 mm++

N/A

N/A

Warpage Edge (ASTM C485) Warpage Diagonal (ASTM C485)

-0.40% or -0.07 in (-1.8 mm)1

0.40% or 0.07 in (1.8 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Wedging (ASTM C502)

-0.25% or -0.03 in (-0.8 mm)1

0.25% or 0.03 in (0.8 mm)1

N/A

N/A

Thickness4 (ASTM C499)

N/A

Range: 0.040 in (1.02 mm)

N/A

Range: 0.040 in (1.02 mm)

Visible Abrasion Resistance2 (ASTM C1027)

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

Rectified

Property Nominal Size (ASTM C499)

Deep Abrasion (ASTM C1243)

See Table 11

See Table 11

All porcelain tile

Bond Strength (ASTM C482)

> 50 psi

Water Absorption (ASTM C373)

0.00%

0.50%

N/A

N/A

Color Uniformity (ASTM C609 and Section 9.3)

N/A

V0 - 3 Judds

N/A

V0 - 3 Judds

Crazing Resistance2 (ASTM C424)

Pass

3

> 50 psi

Pass

2

Thermal Shock (ASTM C484)

Pass

Chemical Resistance (ASTM C650)

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

SCOF (ASTM C1028)

As Reported

As Reported

N/A

N/A

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

As Reported

N/A

N/A

As Reported

As Reported

Stain Resistance (ASTM C1378) Breaking Strength (ASTM C648)

N/A

Average > 250 lbf./Individual > 225 lbf.

Resistance to Freeze/Thaw Cycling (ASTM C1026)

5

As Reported

As Reported

Whichever is less Whichever is less, for tiles up to 24” x 24” ++ Applies to tiles larger than 24” x 24” 2 Glazed Tile Only 3 Class V0 Tile Only 4 May not apply to textured surfaces or tiles with uneven back patterns 5 When installation subject to freeze/thaw conditions 1

+

FOR REQUIREMENTS ON WORKMANSHIP, CUTTING, FITTING, AND GROUT JOINT SIZE, REFER TO ANSI A108.02 SECTION 4.3

A137.1

13

6.2 Field Tile 6.2.1 Nominal Sizes and Shapes Field tile are manufactured in many shapes and sizes. Consult manufacturer for actual dimensions. Any of these may be ordered as Standard Grade. 6.2.2 Non-Destructive Testing Characteristics of ceramic tile shall conform to the following requirements when tested according to Table 4. 6.2.2.1 Characteristics determined by non-destructive testing of ceramic tile shall conform to requirements when tested according to the appropriate table for that specific tile type. An index of these tables is given as Table 5. 6.2.2.1.1 Visual Evaluation. The sample shall be within tolerance for structural defects when examined according to 9.1 and within tolerance for facial defects when examined according to 9.2 for Standard Grade (8.2.1) and as described in 8.2.2 for Second Grade. The tolerances of defects shall be as described in sections 5.5 and 5.5.1. 6.2.2.1.2 Edges may be square, cushioned, ground, beveled, or rustic. 6.2.2.1.3 Face. The face of the tile may be textured or smooth. 6.2.2.1.4 Back. The back of the tile may be plain or have some type of raised or depressed pattern. 6.2.2.1.5 Thickness. The range of individual major thickness measurements shall fall within the specification listed in the appropriate table for that specific tile type. (May not apply to textured surfaces or tiles with an uneven back pattern.) 6.2.2.1.6 Facial Dimensions. The average facial dimension of each tile in the sample, when compared to the average facial dimension of all samples measured, shall fall within the specifications listed for nominal size and caliber range in the appropriate table for that specific tile type. 6.2.2.1.7 Warpage. The warpage of each tile in the sample shall conform to the value listed in the appropriate table for that specific tile type. 6.2.2.1.8 Wedging. The wedging of each tile in the sample shall conform to the value listed in the appropriate table for that specific tile type. 6.2.2.1.9 Static Coefficient of Friction. When static coefficient of friction (SCOF) data are required for a specific project, testing shall conform to ASTM C1028. However, because area of use and maintenance by the owner of installed tile directly affect coefficient of friction, the SCOF of the manufactured product shall be as agreed upon by manufacturer and purchaser. Water (especially standing water), oil, grease, etc., create slippery conditions. Floor applications with exposure to these elements require extra caution in product selection. 6.2.2.1.10 Mounting. The method for measuring mounting variation is provided in Section 9.5. The tile shall be uniformly mounted and in patterns specified. Joints between tile shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications. For all mounted mosaics, the range of an individual grout joint shall be no more than 30% of the average joint width for the sheet. For sheets containing mosaics of the same color, the individual average joint widths shall also be within +/– 25% of the average joint width for the sheet. Sheets shall be accepted or rejected (for grout joint variations) based on the number of grout joints in the sheet. EXAMPLE: A 1 foot x 2 foot sheet of 2 inch x 2 inch square mosaic tile has 126 grout joints. The acceptance number, from Table 2, for such a sample size is seven. No more than seven joints out of the 126 should be outside of the above criteria. NOTE: Tile manufacturers must specify whether back-mounted and edge-mounted tile assemblies are suitable for installation in swimming pools, on exteriors, and/or in wet areas. Back-mounted tile with paper on the back side shall not be installed in wet areas. 6.2.2.1.11 Abrasive Body Content. (Only when specified.) The body of the tile shall have a content of 7.5 +/- 0.5% by weight of abrasive grains. Abrasive grains shall be silicon carbide, aluminum oxide (fused 14

A137.1

alumina), or other rustproof abrasive of comparable hardness. All abrasive grains shall pass a Tyler 14-mesh (U.S. equivalent: 16 mesh), and at least 95% shall be retained on a Tyler 65-mesh screen (U.S. equivalent: 70mesh). 6.2.3 Destructive Testing Characteristics of ceramic tile shall conform to the following requirements when tested in accordance with Table 4. 6.2.3.1 Water Absorption. When tested per ASTM C373, the tile in the sample shall conform to their specific type as listed in Table 1. 6.2.3.2 Bond Strength. When tested per ASTM C482, the average bond strength of the tile in the sample shall conform to the value listed in the appropriate table for that specific tile type. 6.2.3.3 Breaking Strength. When tested per ASTM C648, the average breaking strength shall conform to the values listed in the appropriate table for that specific tile type. The minimum breaking strength for tiles in the sample shall conform to the value listed in the appropriate table for that specific tile type. 6.2.3.4 Deep Abrasion. This value applies only to unglazed tile. Requirements are presented in Table 11 (tested per ASTM C1243). Table 11: Deep Abrasion Class

Maximum Value (loss in mm3)

P1, E1, O1

175

P2

225

E2, O2

275

P3

345

E3, O3

393

E4, O4

2365

P4

no requirement

6.2.3.5 Visible Abrasion Resistance. This value applies only to glazed floor, glazed quarry, glazed mosaic, or glazed porcelain tiles. Classes are defined in Table 12 (tested per ASTM C1027). Table 12: Visible Abrasion Classification Class

Maximum Recommended Use

O

Not recommended for floors

I

Light Residential

II

Residential

III

Heavy Residential or Light Commercial

IV

Commercial

V

Heavy Commercial

6.2.3.5.1 Visible Abrasion Classifications. The following definitions shall be construed as a general guideline relating to the amount and type of traffic expected in a given class under typical conditions. Final selection for all applications should take into account expected traffic, conditions, and maintenance. Final selection should also consider whether there is exposure to water (especially standing water), oil, grease, etc., which create slippery conditions. Floor applications with exposure to these elements require extra caution in product selection. 6.2.3.5.1.1 Class O. Tile in this class should not be exposed to wear/traffic or aggressive maintenance practices and is generally used on walls.

A137.1

15

6.2.3.5.1.2 Class I. Tile in this class may withstand soft-soled foot traffic provided that dirt and/or other abrasives are not present on the wear surface. Class I tile should not be used in areas with direct access to the outside or large amounts of foot traffic. 6.2.3.5.1.3 Class II. Tile in this class may withstand soft-soled and some normal foot traffic provided the dirt and/or other abrasives are kept to a minimum. Class II tile should not be used in areas with direct access to the outside, large amounts of foot traffic, or areas exposed to abnormal footwear. 6.2.3.5.1.4 Class III. Tile in this class may withstand normal footwear and regular traffic with some dirt and/or other abrasives present in limited quantities. Tile in this class may be used in light commercial installations with limited foot traffic and with no direct access to the outside. Examples of such areas may include residential kitchens and hallways with limited traffic from the outside. 6.2.3.5.1.5 Class IV. Tile in this class may withstand heavier amounts of traffic with greater amounts of dirt and/ or other abrasives present. Examples of such areas may include commercial kitchens and areas with regular traffic from the outside. 6.2.3.5.1.6 Class V. Tiles in this class may withstand constant foot traffic with larger amounts of dirt and/or other abrasives. Examples of such areas may include airports, malls, and other commercial walkways subject to high volumes of foot traffic and constant traffic from the outside. 6.2.3.6 Crazing Resistance. When tested as described in ASTM C424 using 150 psi steam pressure for one cycle, the tile shall show no evidence of crazing. Tiles shall pass one cycle of steam pressure at 150 psi and shall show no evidence of crazing. 6.2.3.7 Thermal Shock. When tested as described in ASTM C484, the glaze shall show no failure and the body shall show no evidence of disintegration. 6.2.3.8 Chemical Resistance classifications shall conform to Table 13 (tested per ASTM C650). The number of chemical agents the tile fails to pass shall be used for classification purposes. Table 13: Chemical Resistance Classification Chemical Resistance Class

Maximum Number of Affected Samples

A

0

B

1

C

2

D

3

E

4 or More

6.2.3.9 Stain Resistance classifications shall conform to Table 14 (tested per ASTM C1378). The test used shall conform to Table 4. The number of staining agents the tile fails to pass shall be used for classification purposes. Any clean up techniques present in the test method may be utilized prior to determining the number of failures. Table 14: Stain Resistance Classification

16

Stain Resistance Class

Maximum Number of Samples that Retain a Stain

A

0

B

1

C

2

D

3

E

4 or More

A137.1

6.3 Trim Units 6.3.1 Sizes and Shapes of trim units generally available are shown in Figures 1 to 50. Other sizes and shapes of trim units may be available from individual manufacturers. 6.3.2 Non-Destructive Testing Characteristics of ceramic tile shall conform to the following requirements when tested according to Table 4. 6.3.2.1 Characteristics determined by non-destructive testing of ceramic tile shall conform to requirements when tested according to the appropriate table for that specific tile type. An index of these tables is given in Table 5. 6.3.2.1.1 Visual Evaluation. The sample shall be within tolerance for structural defects when examined according to 9.1.1 and within tolerance for facial defects when examined according to 8.2.1 for Standard Grade and as described in 8.2.2 for Second Grade. The tolerances of defects shall be as described in 5.5.2. 6.3.2.1.2 Edges. The edges may be square, cushioned, ground, or beveled. 6.3.2.1.3 Face. The face of the tile may be textured or smooth. 6.3.2.1.4 Back. The backs of the tile may be plain or have some type of raised or depressed pattern. 6.3.2.1.5 Thickness. The range of individual major thickness measurements shall fall within the specification listed in the appropriate table for that specific tile type. (May not apply to textured surfaces or tiles with an uneven back pattern.) Thickness is applicable only to flat portions of trim units and shall be measured at a distance of ½ inch from the edges or ½ inch from the line of tangency between flat and curved surfaces. 6.3.2.1.6 Facial Dimensions. The average facial dimension of each tile in the sample, when compared to the average facial dimension of all samples measured, shall fall within the specifications listed for nominal size and caliber range in the appropriate table for that specific tile type. Facial dimensions are applicable only to sides that are perpendicular to the curved edges. 6.3.2.1.7 Warpage. The warpage of each tile in the sample shall conform to the value listed in the appropriate table for that specific tile type. Edge warpage is applicable only to the flat portions of the face 3/8 inch from the edges or ½ inch from the line of tangency between flat and curved surfaces. Diagonal warpage is not applicable to trim units. 6.3.2.1.8 Wedging. The wedging of each tile in the sample shall conform to the value listed in the appropriate table for that specific tile type. Only wedging of sides perpendicular to the curved side is applicable. 6.3.3 Destructive testing characteristics of ceramic tile trim units shall conform to the following requirements when tested according to Table 4. 6.3.3.1 Water Absorption. The tile in the sample shall conform to their specific type as listed in Table 1. 6.3.3.2 Bond Strength. The average bond strength of the tile in the sample shall conform to the value listed in the appropriate table for that specific tile type. Remove curved portions of trim unit and test flat portion only. 6.3.3.3 Visible Abrasion Resistance. This value applies only to glazed floor, glazed quarry, glazed mosaic, or glazed porcelain floor trim. Values are defined in Table 12. This test is applicable on trim units only if there is enough flat, glazed surface area to conduct the test. 6.3.3.4 Crazing Resistance. When tested as described in ASTM C424 using 150 psi steam pressure for one cycle, the trim shall show no evidence of crazing. 6.3.3.5 Chemical Resistance. Classifications shall conform to Table 13. This test is valid only if there is enough smooth, flat surface to conduct the test. The test used shall conform to Table 4. The number of chemical agents the tile fails to pass shall be used for classification purposes. 6.3.3.6 Stain Resistance. Classifications shall conform to Table 14. This test is valid only if there is enough smooth, flat surface to conduct the test. The test used shall conform to Table 4. The number of staining agents the tile fails to pass shall be used for classification purposes. Any clean up techniques present in the test method may be utilized prior to determining the number of failures. A137.1

17

7.0 Specialty Tile This is a class of ceramic tile as defined in Section 3.0 of these specifications and contains tile not properly classified in Tables 6—10. These tiles are produced, graded, and packed to the manufacturer’s specifications for specific and/or aesthetic uses. When requested by purchaser before shipment, a Master Grade Certificate may be issued certifying compliance with published specifications of the manufacturer or compliance with properties mutually agreed upon by manufacturer and owner or his designated representative. Compliance shall be determined following the procedure in Section 5.0 employing whatever possible test methods referred to in these specifications. Additional test methods for Specialty Tile that is utilitarian (for example: industrial floor tile, exterior tile, and tunnel tile) shall be in accordance with applicable paragraphs 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5. Specialty Tile that is primarily decorative may require no certification by the manufacturer. 7.1 Freeze-Thaw Cycling Test as described in ASTM C1026. 7.2 Moisture Expansion Test as described in ASTM C370. 7.3 Linear Thermal Expansion Test as described in ASTM C372. 7.4 Visible Abrasion Resistance Test as described in ASTM C1027. 7.5 Static Coefficient of Friction Test as described in ASTM C1028. 7.6 Performance of Specialty Tile It is dependent on and related to area of use, method of installation, and proper maintenance by the owner after installation. 8.0 Grade Marking and Certification 8.1 Grade Marking Distinguishes Various Qualities and Attributes of Ceramic Tiles It is used to designate first quality/grade (Standard Grade) and second quality (Second Grade) products. Products claiming to meet the ANSI A137.1 established criteria should indicate this on their packaging (in English) and have sufficient documentation to verify that the products do, in fact, meet the minimum standards as set forth in this document. 8.2 Definition of Grades 8.2.1 Standard Grade (First Grade) Tiles that meet the requirements of all specifications set forth in this document. 8.2.2 Second Grade Tiles that meet the requirements of all specifications set forth in this document with the exception of evaluation for facial defects. Evaluation for facial defects for Second Grade tile will be performed from a distance of 10 feet instead of 3 feet. 8.3 Labeling Procedures 8.3.1 Glazed Wall Tile, Mosaic Tile, Quarry Tile, Pressed Floor Tile, Porcelain Tile, and Specialty Tile All tile required to be in conformity to this standard shall be shipped in sealed packages with the claim of grade and type of tile (Glazed Wall Tile, Mosaic Tile, Quarry Tile, Pressed Floor Tile, Porcelain Tile, and Specialty Tile) imprinted on the package or on a label permanently attached to the package located on the same panel or side as the product identification label. The printed information shall be at least 1/8 inch tall and shall state: “This tile complies with recommended standard specifications for ceramic tile ANSI A137.1.” The claim of “SECONDS” shall be made in a minimum 1/8 inch tall and bold print located on the same panel or side as the product identification label for products meeting the “seconds” quality but not meeting the Standard Grade criteria. This claim must be made legible and easily read by a person with 20/20 to 20/40 vision from a distance of three feet. 18

A137.1

8.3.2 Name and Address The name and address of the tile producer will be printed above the claim of grade. It shall be imprinted on the package or on the same label as the claim of grade. This information shall be made in a minimum 1/8 inch tall print and must be legible and easily read by a person with 20/20 to 20/40 vision from a distance of three feet. 8.3.3 Country of Origin The country of origin of the manufacturing facility will be printed above the claim of grade. It shall be imprinted on the package or on the same label as the claim of grade. This information shall be made in a minimum 1/8 inch tall print and must be easily read and legible to a person with 20/20 to 20/40 vision from a distance of three feet. 8.4 Authorized Use Grade claims used in this manner may be used by the manufacturer of ceramic tile provided that the material is graded in compliance with this standard. 8.5 Certification Certification of each shipment of tile shall be in accordance with the Master Grade Certificate as shown in Figure 51. A Master Grade Certificate is issued by the tile manufacturer to the tile contractor only upon the tile contractor’s request, before shipment is made, and is used for certifying a particular shipment. These certificates shall give adequate information to identify the specific shipment for which they apply. 8.6 Pre-Certification Pre-certification of each shipment of tile shall be in accordance with the Letter of Compliance Certificate as shown in Figure 52. A Letter of Compliance Certificate is issued by the tile manufacturer to the tile contractor only upon the tile contractor’s request, and is used for certifying a particular shipment will be manufactured according to these specifications. These certificates shall give adequate information to identify the specific product for which they apply. 9.0 Applicable Evaluation Procedures 9.1 Procedure for Determining Structural Defects in Field Tile and Trim Units 9.1.1 Field Tile Stack eight pieces of field tile face to back. Turn the stack with one edge up on a table, and straighten the stack so that no tile protrudes vertically or horizontally from the stack. At a viewing distance approximately 2 feet from the tile, inspect the upright edges of the stack for cracks running in the direction of the length or thickness of the edges. Remove any tile showing one or more of such defects. Turn the stack 90 degrees and repeat the evaluation. Continue rotating the stack until all four edges have been evaluated. Cracks emanating from the back and progressing in the direction of the face shall not be considered defects if they do not exceed in length one-third of the thickness of the tile. Also, small cracks parallel to both tile faces, less than 1/8 inch in length for ceramic mosaic tile and less than ½ inch for all other tile, are permissible. Defects on the backs of ceramic tile are permitted if they do not affect the appearance or permanence of the installed surface. Repeat this procedure until all tile in the sample have been examined. 9.1.2 Trim Units Follow the same procedure for trim units. Two opposite edges of trim units can be evaluated while on the table in the same manner as field tile. The edge which forms a radius and its opposite edge must be evaluated by moving the stack from the table and holding it firmly at a distance of about 2 feet from the eyes. 9.1.3 Recording Keep a record of the number of pieces which have to be removed because of defects. Chips on the back of the tile shall not be considered defects unless they extend to the face of the tile. 9.2 Procedure for Evaluating Ceramic Tile for Facial Defects 9.2.1 Viewing Board Size: At least 36 inches (914 mm) high x 48 inches (1219 mm) long.

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9.2.2 Viewing Board Color: Light Grey: L* = 65.35, a* = -0.45, b* = 1.19, or a grey within a ΔE ≤ 2.0 of this target. 9.2.3 Viewing Board Support: Any sturdy framework which will hold the viewing board angled 70 +/- 10 degrees from the horizontal, while supporting the tile with the top edge of the tile array not above the level of the evaluator’s eyes. 9.2.4 The Array: Set the tiles sampled (per section 5.0) in an array. 9.2.5 Light Source: The center of the light source shall be positioned 8–9 feet (2.44 to 2.74 meters) above the floor and 2–3 feet (0.61 to 0.91 meters) from the front edge of the viewing board. 9.2.6 Lamp: A white fluorescent lamp providing enough illumination for 250 to 300 foot candles on the tile without glare. Example: A fixture consisting of 4 GE T8Wsp41 48-inch tubes will provide sufficient light for a length, along the viewing board, of about 5 feet (1.5 meters). 9.2.7 Evaluator’s Position: Draw a line ¼ inch wide on the floor at a distance of 36 inches (914 mm) from a vertical plane through the bottom edge of the viewing board. Evaluator is to stand erect without leaning and having his feet positioned behind the line, but as close to the line as practical, and centered left to right in front of this board while viewing the tile array. 9.2.8 Vision of Evaluator: Not color blind and 20/20 to 20/40 or corrected to 20/20 to 20/40. 9.2.9 Viewing Time: 60 seconds per tile array or 6 seconds per square foot of tile array. 9.2.10 Helper: Helper should set up the tile array, and wipe the tiles from top toward the bottom of array with a clean non-linting cloth just before evaluator views the tile array. Any tile chipped in setting up the array should be marked and not counted as a defect during evaluation. 9.2.11 Viewing Procedure: Evaluator positions himself as described above. Helper gives start signal and a stop signal to the evaluator corresponding to the viewing time. Evaluator calls out “mark” for each visual defect observed on the tile array during the observation period, and the helper keeps count of the “marks”. 9.3 Test Method for Color Difference (Shading) of Monochromatic (Aesthetic Class V0) Glazed Ceramic Field Tile 9.3.1 The test is applicable only to glazed ceramic field tile (or trim tile with adequate flat surface for measuring), which have an aesthetic Class of V0 as stated by the manufacturer. 9.3.2 Select tile according to the sampling plan in Section 5.0. Measure these according to ASTM C609. Record the results in three columns, one each for the L*, a*, and b* values, and determine the maximum and minimum value in each column. 9.3.3 Calculate the maximum values of each column, and use these values for a theoretical tile called MAX. 9.3.4 Calculate the minimum values of each column, and use these values for a theoretical tile called MIN. 9.3.5 Use the formula given in ASTM C609 to calculate the color difference between MAX and MIN. This will be the color difference for the lot. 9.4 Evaluation of Shade Value of Ceramic Tiles (Aesthetic Classes V1 to V4) This procedure allows a producer to visually evaluate a tile sample for shade value. 9.4.1 Viewing Board Criteria 9.4.1.1 Viewing Board Size: At least 36 inches (914 mm) high x 48 inches (1219 mm) long. 9.4.1.2 Viewing Board Color: Light Grey: L* = 65.35, a* = -0.45, b* = 1.19, or a grey within a ΔE ≤ 2.0 of this target.

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9.4.1.3 Viewing Board Support: Any sturdy framework that will hold the viewing board angled 70 +/- 10 degrees from the horizontal, while supporting the tile with the top edge of the tile array not above the level of the evaluator’s eyes. 9.4.1.4 Light Source: The center of the light source shall have a vertical distance of 8–9 feet (2.44–2.74 meters) above the floor and a horizontal distance of 2–3 feet (0.61–0.91 meters) from the front edge of the viewing board. 9.4.1.5 Lamp: A white fluorescent lamp providing enough illumination for 250 to 300 foot candles on the tile without glare. Example: A fixture consisting of 4 GE T8Wsp41 48-inch tubes will provide sufficient light for a length, along the viewing board, of about 5 feet (1.5 meters). 9.4.2 Evaluator Criteria 9.4.2.1 Vision of Evaluator: Not color blind and 20/20 to 20/40 or corrected to 20/20 to 20/40. 9.4.3 Procedure for Visual Evaluation of Ceramic Tile 9.4.3.1 Place the standard shade tile(s) at eye level. If necessary, support it with sample tiles. It should be located near the center of the viewing area. 9.4.3.2 Place samples for evaluation on the board around the standard shade tile(s): a. This sample should be at least three boxes of a single shade value. b. Each box of tile should be placed on the board in a continuous subgroup. c. Each box of tile should take up an equal amount of space on the viewing board. d. If trim pieces are to be viewed with a standard shade field tile(s), place the trim units around the standard in the same manner as they would be installed. 9.4.3.3 The evaluator stands 1 meter away from the bottom edge of the viewing board for a viewing time of 6 seconds per 1 foot2 (0.3 meters2) of tile sampled. The evaluator may move parallel to the board to properly evaluate larger arrays, and the standard shade tile(s) may be moved throughout the array if necessary. 9.5 Test Method for Mounting Variations 9.5.1 This method is only valid for mosaic tiles with the following characteristics: • • • • •

Nominally square Nominal sizes of 1 inch x 1 inch to 3 inches x 3 inches With straight edges Not mixed in a pattern Fixed in sheets

9.5.2 Select sheets at random from the lot according to the sampling plan in Section 5.0. 9.5.3 Visually evaluate the grout joints.

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9.5.4 Select the visually ‘worst’ joints so that the number is at least the rejection number + 2. This is the minimum number of joints to measure. An example is provided below. Table 15: Determining Number of Grout Joints for Measurement – Example Mosaic Size

Sheet Size

# Joints in Sheet

Min. # of Defective Joints to Reject Sheet

# of ‘Worst’ Joints to Measure

1x1

1 ft. x 2 ft.

540

22

24

2x2

1 ft. x 2 ft.

126

8

10

3x3

1 ft. x 2 ft.

52

4

6

9.5.5 Mark the joints to be measured with a marker or felt pen. 9.5.6 Use appropriate calipers for the distance to be measured, accurate to 0.1 mm. 9.5.7 Place the sheet on a firm horizontal surface so that the face side is up. 9.5.8 Measure the left and right side (5 mm from each corner) of the marked joints. 9.5.9 The maximum side minus the minimum side is the range for that particular joint. 9.5.10 The average of both sides for a single joint is the average width for that joint. 9.5.11 The average of all of the average joint widths is the average joint width for the sheet.

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Figure 1: Mosaic Surface 1x1 Trim

Figure 3: Mosaic Conventional 1x1 Trim

Figure 5: Mosaic Pool Edge Trim

Figure 2: Mosaic Surface 2x2 Trim

Figure 4: Mosaic Conventional 2x2 Trim

Figure 6: Mosaic Surface 1x1 Flat Top Base

NOTE: Measurements given reflect general dimensions. Check with manufacturer for exact dimensions and availability.

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Figure 7: Mosaic Surface 1x1 Round Top Base, Option 1

Figure 8: Mosaic Surface 1x1 Round Top Base, Option 2

Figure 9: Mosaic Surface 1x1 Round Top Base, Option 3

Figure 10: Mosaic Surface 2x2 Flat Top Base, Option 1

Figure 11: Mosaic Surface 2x2 Flat Top Base, Option 2

Figure 12: Mosaic Surface 2x2 Round Top Base

NOTE: Measurements given reflect general dimensions. Check with manufacturer for exact dimensions and availability.

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Figure 13: Quarry 4x8 Bullnose

Figure 14: Quarry 6x6 Bullnose

Figure 15: Quarry 6x8 Round Top Base

Figure 16: Quarry 4x8 Round Top Base

Figure 17: Quarry 6x6 Round Top Base

Figure 18: Quarry 6x6 Flat Top Base

NOTE: Measurements given reflect general dimensions. Check with manufacturer for exact dimensions and availability.

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Figure 19: Quarry 6x8 Flat Top Base

Figure 20: Pressed Floor/Porcelain 8x8 Trim, Option 1

Figure 21: Pressed Floor/Porcelain 8x8 Trim, Option 2

Figure 22: Pressed Floor/Porcelain 8x8 Trim, Option 3

Figure 23: Pressed Floor/Porcelain 12x12 Trim

NOTE: Measurements given reflect general dimensions. Check with manufacturer for exact dimensions and availability.

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Figure 24: Pressed Floor/Porcelain 6x8 Round Top Base

Figure 25: Glazed Wall 4x4 Surface Trim

Figure 26: Glazed Wall 6x6 Surface Trim

Figure 27: Glazed Wall 4x4 Surface Bullnose

Figure 28: Glazed Wall 6x6 Surface Bullnose

NOTE: Measurements given reflect general dimensions. Check with manufacturer for exact dimensions and availability.

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Figure 29: Glazed Wall 2x6 Surface Bullnose

Figure 30: Glazed Wall 2x4 Surface Bullnose

Figure 31: Glazed Wall 4x6 Surface Bullnose

Figure 32: Glazed Wall 6x4 Surface Bullnose

Figure 33: Glazed Wall 4x4 Base

Figure 34: Glazed Wall 4x4 Sanitary Base

Figure 35: Glazed Wall 4x6 Sanitary Base

Figure 36: Glazed Wall 6x6 Sanitary Base

NOTE: Measurements given reflect general dimensions. Check with manufacturer for exact dimensions and availability.

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Figure 37: Glazed Wall Counter Rail (Sink Rail)

Figure 38: Glazed Wall 4x4 Conventional Trim

Figure 39: Glazed Wall 6x6 Conventional Trim

Figure 40: Glazed Wall 4x6 Conventional Trim

NOTE: Measurements given reflect general dimensions. Check with manufacturer for exact dimensions and availability.

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Figure 41: Glazed Wall 6x4 Conventional Trim

Figure 42: Glazed Wall 2x6 Conventional Bullnose

Figure 43: Glazed Wall 4x4 Conventional Bullnose

Figure 44: Glazed Wall 6x6 Conventional Bullnose

Figure 45: Glazed Wall 2x6 Conventional Base

NOTE: Measurements given reflect general dimensions. Check with manufacturer for exact dimensions and availability.

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Figure 46: Glazed Wall 6x6 Conventional Base, Option 1

Figure 47: Glazed Wall 6x6 Conventional Base, Option 2

Figure 48: Glazed Wall 4x6 Conventional Base

Figure 49: Glazed Wall Quarter Round Trim

Figure 50: Glazed Wall Double Return Trim

NOTE: Measurements given reflect general dimensions. Check with manufacturer for exact dimensions and availability.

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Figure 51: Master Grade Certificate

Manufacturer’s Name Manufacturer’s Address and Phone

MASTER GRADE CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the quality of the tiles packaged to order for the specific job listed below are of Standard Grade, and all such packages bear the Standard Grade mark in accordance with the practices of the ceramic tile industry. It is further certified that the tiles manufactured by ______________________ and marked Standard Grade are graded to equal or exceed the recommended Standard specifications for ceramic tile, ANSI A137.1-2008.

E L P

JOB NAME: ___________________________________________________________________________

M A S

LOCATION: ___________________________________________________________________________ SOLD TO: ____________________________________________________________________________ PURCHASE ORDER: ___________________________________________________________________ PURCHASE ORDER DATE: ______________________________________________________________ DATE SHIPPED: _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ MANUFACTURER’S AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE TILE CONTRACTOR’S CERTIFICATE THIS IS TO CERTIFY that the tiles designated on this certificate have been used for the tilework in ___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Date ______________________ Contractor’s Signature ________________________________________

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Figure 52: Letter of Compliance Certificate

LETTER OF COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the quality of the tiles that will be packaged to order for the specific job listed below will be of Standard Grade, and all such packages will bear the Standard Grade mark in accordance with the practices of the ceramic tile industry.

E L P

It is further certified that the tiles manufactured by ___________________________ and marked Standard Grade will be graded to equal or exceed the recommended standard specifications for ceramic tile, ANSI A137.1-2008.

M A S

JOB NAME: ___________________________________________________________________________ LOCATION: ___________________________________________________________________________ SOLD TO: _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ MANUFACTURER’S AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE

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