Ansi c57.104-2008. en Español

Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

   MIEEE Potencia y Sociedad de Energía    T

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Patrocinado por el Comité de los transformadores

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Nueva York, NY 10016-5997, EE.UU. 2 de febrero de 2009

IEEE Std C57.104 ™ - 2008 (Revisión de IEEE Std C57.104-1991)

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IEEE Std C57.104 ™ - 2008 (Revisión de IEEE Std C57.104-1991)

Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

Patrocinador

Comité transformadores

del IEEE Potencia y Sociedad de Energía

Aprobada el 26 de de septiembre de 2008

Consejo de Normas IEEE-SA

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Resumen:S   e describen procedimientos detallados detallados para el análisis de

gas de los espacios de gas o aire de gas de recogida, así como gas disuelto en aceite. Los procedimientos comprenden: 1) la calibración y el uso de instrumentos de campo para detectar y estimar la cantidad de gases combustibles presentes en mantas de gas por encima del aceite, o en relés detectores de gas; 2) el uso de instrumentos fijos para detectar y determinar la cantidad de gases combustibles presentes en equipos de gas-cubierto; 3) la obtención de muestras de gas y el aceite del transformador para análisis de laboratorio; 4) métodos de laboratorio laboratorio para el análisis de la capa de gas y los gases extraídos del aceite; y 5) la interpretación de los resultados en términos de capacidad de servicio del transformador. La intención es proporcionar al operador la información útil relativa a la capacidad de servicio del equipo. Una extensa bibliografía sobre la evolución de gas, detección,

palabras clave:a   nálisis de gas, aceite, transformadores rellenos de aceite, transformadores

•

El Instituto de Ingenieros Eléctricos y Electrónicos, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, Nueva York, NY 10016-5997, EE.UU. Copyright © 2009 por el Instituto de Ingenieros Eléctricos y Electrónicos, Inc. Todos los derechos reservados. Publicado el 2 de febrero de 2009. Impreso en los Estados Unidos de América.

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Introducción Esta introducción no es parte de IEEE Std C57.104-2008, IEEE Guía para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores en baño de aceite.

IEEE Std C57.104-1991 fue retirado oficialmente por IEEE basada en la recomendación del Comité de los transformadores de la Sociedad IEEE Potencia y energía a finales de 2005. La intención de este documento se ha centrado en hacer pequeños cambios para hacer frente a algunos de los más presionando los problemas (tales como errores tipográficos de corrección, errores de hecho, y los valores listados en la Tabla 1 de la versión de la guía de 1991), y la publicación de esta guía para su uso por la industria.

Después de la publicación de este documento, el grupo de trabajo tiene previsto iniciar de inmediato el proceso de una nueva revisión de la guía para reflejar los avances adicionales en el conocimiento actual y las tendencias, e incorporar el material pertinente presentado durante un intento fallido anterior para revisar la guía.

Aviso a los usuarios

Leyes y regulaciones Los usuarios de estos documentos deben consultar a todas las leyes y regulaciones aplicables. El cumplimiento de las disposiciones de esta norma no implica el cumplimiento de todos los requisitos reglamentarios aplicables. Los ejecutores de la norma es responsable de observar o se refieran a los requisitos reglamentarios aplicables. IEEE no lo hace, por la publicación de sus normas, la intención de instar a la acción que no está en conformidad con las leyes aplicables, y estos documentos no se pueden interpretar como hacerlo.

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Los usuarios de los estándares IEEE deben ser conscientes de que estos documentos pueden ser sustituidas en cualquier momento mediante la emisión de nuevas ediciones o pueden ser modificados de vez en cuando a través de la emisión de enmiendas, correcciones, o erratas. Un documento oficial del IEEE en cualquier punto en el tiempo consiste en la edición actual del documento junto con las modificaciones, correcciones o erratas vigentes en ese momento. Con el fin de determinar si un documento dado es la edición actual y si se ha modificado mediante la emisión de enmiendas, correcciones, o erratas, visite el sitio Web en IEEE Standards Association

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Errata erratas,

Si alguna,

para esta y todas las demás normas se pueden consultar en

la siguiente URL:

http://standards.ieee.org/read http://standard s.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates ing/ieee/updates/errata/index.ht /errata/index.html ml .  Se anima a los usuarios a comprobar esta URL para erratas periódicamente. periódicamente.

interpretaciones interpretaciones actuales se pueden consultar en la siguiente dirección URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html  .

patentes

Se llama la atención a la posibilidad de que la aplicación de esta guía puede requerir el uso de la materia cubierta por derechos de patente. Por la publicación de esta guía, no posición se toma con respecto a la existencia o validez de los derechos de patentes en relación con la misma. El IEEE no es responsable de identificar demandas de patente para la que se puede requerir una licencia, para la realización de investigaciones sobre la validez jurídica o el alcance de las reivindicaciones de patentes o determinar si cualquiera de los términos de licencia o condiciones previstas en relación con la presentación de una carta de garantía, si ninguna, o en cualesquiera acuerdos de licencia son razonables o no discriminatoria. Los usuarios de esta guía se advierte expresamente que la determinación de la validez de los derechos de patente, y el riesgo de lesión de sus derechos, es enteramente su propia responsabilidad.

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Participantes En el momento de esta guía se presentó a la Junta de normas IEEE-SA, para su aprobación, el Grupo de Trabajo Guía DGA tenía los siguientes miembros: Richard Ladroga,  Silla  Susan McNelly, Secretario 

Claude Beauchemin Oscar Bello Paul Boman Bill Chiu

C. Clair Claiborne Jerry Corkran John William Crouse Darovny

Jim Dukarm James Gardner James Graham Bill Griesacker Joseph Kelly Lindgren Stan James McIver Kent Miller Dan Perco

Donald Thomas Platts Prevost Timoteo Raymond Hyeong Sim Brian David Sparling Wallach Barry Ward Jim Zhang

Los siguientes miembros del comité de votación individuales votaron en esta guía. Balloters hayan votado para su aprobación, desaprobación o abstención. William J. Ackerman Steven Alexanderson

I. Antweiler Stan Arnot Carlo Arpino Ali Al Awazi Barry Beaster Stephen Beattie Robert Beavers WJ (Bill) Bergman Wallace Carpeta Thomas Obispo Thomas Blackburn Thomas Blair Steven Brockschink Chris Brooks Kent Brown Carl Bush James Caso Donald Cash Juan Castellanos Bill Chiu

Saurabh Ghosh James Graham Randall Groves Kenneth Robert Hanus Hartgrove Gary Heuston de Scott Hietpas David Horvath James Huddleston Francisco Huguet

R. Jackson, James Jones, Lars Juhlin Robert Keefe Joseph Kelly Gael Kennedy, Joseph L. Koepfinger Neil Kranich David W. Krause Jim Kulchisky säumen Kundu John Lackey Richard Ladroga Chung-Yiu Lam Stephen Lambert Debra Longtin William Lowe

Raymond Nicholas Joe Nims Robert Olen J. Christopher Patton Pétrola Donald Platts Alvaro Portillo Bertrand Poulin Gustav Preininger Thomas Prevost Iulian Profir Jeffrey Ray Johannes Rickmann Michael Roberts Charles Rogers John Rossetti Thomas Rozek Dinesh Pranathy Sankarakurup Daniel Sauer Bartien Sayogo Devki Sharma Hyeong Sim James E. Smith Steve Snyder John Spare Brian Sparling

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Cuando el Consejo de Normas IEEE-SA aprobó esta guía, el 26 de septiembre de 2008, que tenía los siguientes miembros: Robert M. Grow, Silla Thomas Prevost, Vicepresidente 

Steve M. Mills,  Ex Presidente 

Judith Gorman,  Secretario

Victor Victor Richard Berman Blasio Blasio Andy Drozd Mark Epstein Alexander Gelman William Goldbach Arnie Greenspan Ken Hanus

Jim Hughes Richard Hulett  joven Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger * John Kulick David J. Ley Glenn Parsons

* miembro Emérito

También se incluyen los siguientes enlaces Consejo de Normas IEEE-SA sin derecho a voto:

Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representante  Michael Janezic, Representante del NIST 

Lisa Perry IEEE Standards Project Editor Matthew J. Ceglia Normas IEEE Administrador de Programas, Desarrollo lo del Programa Técnico

Ron Petersen Chuck Powers Narayanan Ramachandran Jon Walter Rosdahl Anne-Marie Sahazizian Malcolm Howard Thaden Wolfman Don Wright

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Contenido Contenido

1. Información Información general ............................................... .................................................. .................................................. . 1

1.1 Alcance ................................................ .................................................. ................................................. 1 1.2 Limitaciones ................................................ .................................................. ......................................... 2 2 Referencias normativas.................... normativas............................... ....................... ............... ... ...................... .................................. ....................... ................ ..... ...................... .................................. ............ 2

3. Definiciones, acrónimos y abreviaturas .......................................... .................................................. 3 ...... 3.1 Definiciones ....................... ................................... ........................ .............. ....................... ................................... ........................ ............... ... ....................... ................................... .................. ...... 3 3.2 Los acrónimos y abreviaturas ......................... ...................................... ..................... ........ ................................. .............................................. ................. .... ............... 3

4. Teoría general .............................................. .............................................. ................................... .................................................. ............... ............................................ ............................................ 3 4.1 Descomposición celulósico ............................................... .................................................. .................... 3 4.2 descomposición del aceite ........................... ......................................... .................... ...... ............................ .......................................... ...................... ........ ............................... ............................... 3

4.3 Aplicación a equipos .............................................. .................................................. .................... 4 4.4 El establecimiento de datos de referencia ............................................ ................................................ .................................................. .................................................. .................... 5 4.5 El reconocimiento de un gaseamiento prioridades operativas-Establecimiento operativas-Establecimiento de problemas ........................... ............. ... ...... 5

5. Interpretación de análisis de gases ............................................ .................................................. .................................................. ........................ 5

5.1 fallos térmicos .............................. .............................................. .................. .............................. .............................................. .................... .... .............................. ..................................... ....... 5 5.2 eléctricas fallos de bajo descargas intensidad ............................ ....................................... ............... .... ............................. ........................................ ................ ..... 6 5.3 eléctricas fallos de alta intensidad de arco ........................................... .................................................. 6 .. 6. procedimientos de funcionamiento sugeridos que utilizan la detección y análisis de gases combustibles ....................... 6

6.1 Generalidades ................................................ ................................................ .................................................. .................................................. .............................................. .............................................. 6 6.2 Determinación de las tasas de generación de gas combustible ............................................ ............................................ .................................... ........................................ .... 8

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9. Métodos de laboratorio para el análisis de la capa de gas y los gases extraídos del aceite ....................... ........................... 19 9.1 Generalidades ................................................ ................................................ .................................................. .................................................. ............................................ ............................................ 19

9.2 Determinación de gas disuelto total ............................................ ............................................ .................................................. .................................................. ... 19 9.3 Determinación de los gases disueltos individuales ............................................ ......................................... 19 9.4 Determinación de los gases individuales presentes en la capa de gas ................................ ........................................ ........ .................... .................... 19

Anexo A Bibliografía (informativo) ............................................ .................................................. ............. 20

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Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

AVISO IMPORTANTE: Esta norma no pretende garantizar la seguridad, la seguridad, la salud o la protección del medio ambiente en todas las circunstancias. Los ejecutores de la norma son responsables de determinar la seguridad adecuada, la seguridad, las prácticas ambientales y de salud o los requisitos reglamentarios.

Este documento IEEE se pone a disposición para su uso con sujeción a los avisos importantes y avisos legales. Estos avisos y renuncias aparecen en todas las publicaciones que contienen este documento y pueden encontrarse bajo el título “Aviso Importante” o “Avisos importantes y renuncia de responsabilidades relativas a los documentos de IEEE.” También pueden obtenerse a petición del IEEE o consultarse en  en  http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html   http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html  .

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

re) Diversas técnicas de diagnóstico, t ales como gases principales, relaciones Dornenberg, y relaciones de Rogers mi)

Instrumentos para detectar y determinar la cantidad de gases combustibles presentes

F) Una bibliografía de literatura relacionada

1.2 Limitaciones Se han establecido muchas técnicas para la detección y la medición de gases. Sin embargo, hay que reconocer que el análisis de estos gases y la interpretación de su significado es, en este momento, no es una ciencia sino un arte sujetos a la variabilidad. Su presencia y la cantidad dependen de las variables de equipo tales como el tipo, la ubicación, y la temperatura de la avería; solubilidad y el grado de saturación de los diferentes gases en aceite; el tipo de sistema de conservación de aceite; el tipo y la velocidad de circulación de aceite; el tipo de material en contacto con la culpa; y, finalmente, las variables asociadas con la toma de muestras y los propios procedimientos de medición. Debido a la variabilidad de los valores límite de gases aceptables y la importancia de varios gases y las t asas de generación, un consenso es difícil de obtener. El principal obstáculo en el desarrollo de la interpretación de falla como una ciencia exacta es la falta de correlación positiva de los gases de identificación de error con defectos observados en los transformadores reales. El resultado de varias pruebas ASTM redondas Robins indica que los procedimientos analíticos para el análisis de gas son difíciles, tienen una pobre precisión, y pueden ser muy impreciso, especialmente entre los laboratorios. Un análisis repetidos confirmar un diagnóstico debe hacerse antes de tomar cualquier acción mayor.

Esta guía está pensada para proporcionar orientación sobre los métodos y procedimientos específicos que pueden ayudar al operador transformador transformador en la decisión sobre el estado y el funcionamiento continuado de un transformador que presenta la formación de gas combustible. Sin embargo, los operadores deben ser advertidos de que, aunque las razones físicas de la formación de gas tienen una base técnica firme, la interpretación de los datos en cuanto a la causa específica o causas no es una ciencia exacta, pero es el resultado de la evidencia empírica de la que gobierna para la interpretación se han derivado. Por lo

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

ASTM D 3305, Práctica estándar para la toma de muestras de gas pequeño volumen en un transformador. ASTM D 3612, Método de prueba estándar para el análisis de gases disueltos en el aceite aislante eléctrico por cromatografía de gases.

3. Definiciones, acrónimos y abreviaturas A los efectos de esta guía, se aplican los siguientes términos y definiciones.El Diccionario de autoridad de estándares IEEE Términos S   e debe hacer referencia a términos no definidos en esta cláusula.

3.1 Definiciones 3.1 principales gases:L   os gases generados en transformadores rellenos de aceite que pueden usarse para la determinación cualitativa de los tipos de fallos, con

base en el cual los gases son típicas o predominante a diversas temperaturas. 3,2 descarga parcial:U   na descarga eléctrica que sirve de puente sólo parcialmente el aislamiento entre los conductores, y que puede o no puede

ocurrir adyacente a un conductor.

3.2 Los acrónimos y abreviaturas

TCG

TDCG total de gas

combustible

gas combustible total disuelto

4. Teoría general

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

Estos procesos son dependientes de la presencia de hidrocarburos individuales, sobre la distribución de energía y la temperatura en la zona de la avería, y en el tiempo durante el cual se hace hincapié térmicamente o eléctricamente el aceite. Estas reacciones se producen estequiométricamente; Por lo tanto, las degradaciones específicas de los conjuntos de hidrocarburos aceite del transformador y las condiciones de fallo no se pueden predecir de forma fiable a partir de consideraciones cinéticas químicas. Un enfoque alternativo es suponer que todos los hidrocarburos en el aceite se descomponen en los mismos productos y que cada producto está en equilibrio con todos los demás. modelos termodinámicos permiten el cálculo de la presión parcial de cada producto gaseoso como una función de la temperatura, utilizando las constantes de equilibrio conocidos para las reacciones de descomposición pertinentes. Un ejemplo de los resultados de este enfoque se muestra en la Figura 1 debido a Halstead. La cantidad de hidrógeno formado es relativamente alta y insensible a la temperatura; formación de acetileno se convierte apreciable sólo a temperaturas acercan a 1000 ° C.

CH 4 5

   )    l   a    i   c   r   a   p   n    ó    i   s   e   r   p    (    G    O    L   n    ó    i   c

H 2

3    2

   O    C    I    J     É    M    O    V    E    U    N

1

-1

-3

do 2  H  6

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

problemas dieléctricos, dieléctricos, o una combinación de éstos. En el equipo eléctrico, estas anomalías son llamados “fallos”. Descarga térmica, parcial y fallos de arco se describen en 5.1, 5.2, y 5.3. Los fallos internos en el aceite producen los su bprod bproductos uctos de hidróg hidrógeno eno gaseoso (H  2), m   etano (CH 4), a  cetileno (C  2  H  2), e  tileno (C  2  H  4), y  etano (C  2  H  6).   Cuando celulosa está involucrado, los defectos producen metano (CH  4), h  idrógeno (H  2),   monóxido de carbono (CO) y dióxido de carbono (CO  2). C   ada uno de estos tipos de fallos produce ciertos gases que son generalmente generalmente combustible. El total de todos los gases combustibles combustibles puede indicar la existencia de una cualquiera, o una combinación, de los fallos de descarga térmicas, eléctricas, o parciales. Ciertas combinaciones combinaciones de cada uno de l os gases separados determinados por cromatografía son únicas para diferentes temperaturas temperaturas de fallo. Además, las proporciones de ciertos gases clave se han encontrado para sugerir tipos de fallos. Interpretación de los gases individuales individuales puede llegar a ser difícil cuando hay más de un fallo, o cuando un tipo de fallo progresa a otro tipo, tal como un problema eléctrico en desarrollo a partir de un uno térmica.

Los intentos de asignar mayor importancia al gas que justificada por la variabilidad natural de la generación y medición de los eventos mismos pueden conducir a graves errores de interpretación. Sin embargo, a pesar de esto, estos mecanismos de generación de gas y son la única base existente para las normas y procedimientos analíticos desarrollados en esta guía. De hecho, se sabe que algunos transformadores seguirán funcionando durante muchos años a pesar de las tasas superiores a la media de generación de gas.

4.4 El establecimiento de datos de referencia

El establecimiento de un punto de referencia para la concentración de gas en transformadores nuevos o reparados y después de esto con un programa de seguimiento de rutina es un elemento clave en la aplicación de esta guía. Vigilancia de la salud (de servicio) de un transformador se debe hacer de forma rutinaria y se puede iniciar en cualquier momento, no es sólo para las nuevas unidades.

En general, se recomienda un muestreo diario o semanal después del inicio, seguido por intervalos de un mes o más. intervalos de muestreo de rutina pueden variar dependiendo de los requisitos de aplicación y sistema individual. Por ejemplo, algunos servicios públicos muestra generador elevador (GSU) de los

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

etano, y luego etileno. En el extremo superior de la gama de fallo térmico, el aumento de cantidades de hidrógeno y de etileno y los rastros de acetileno (C 2  H  2)  puede ser producido. En contraste con la descomposición térmica del aceite, la descomposición térmica de la celulosa y otros aislamiento sólido produce monóxido de carbono (CO), dióxido de carbono (CO 2), y  vapor de agua a temperaturas mucho más bajas que para la descomposición de aceite y a tasas exponencialmente proporcional a la temperatura. Debido a que el papel comienza a degradarse a temperaturas más bajas que el aceite, sus subproductos gaseosos se encuentran a temperaturas de funcionamiento normales en el transformador. Un transformador GSU, por ejemplo, que funciona en o cerca de su valor de placa será normalmente generar varios cientos de microlitros / litro (ppm) de CO y varios miles de microlitros / litro (ppm) de CO  2 sin puntos calientes excesivos. La relación de CO 2 / C   O veces se usa como un indicador de la descomposición térmica de celulosa. Esta relación es normalmente más de siete. Para el CO 2 / r  elación de CO, los valores respectivos de CO  2 y  CO debe exceder de 5,000 l / L (ppm) y 500 l / L (ppm) con el fin de mejorar el factor de seguridad, es decir, las proporciones son sensibles a valores mínimos. A medida que la magnitud de los aumentos de CO, la proporción de CO 2 / C   O disminuye. Esto puede indicar una anomalía que es degradante aislamiento celulósico.

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

• La medición directa de la cantidad de gas combustible disuelto en el Monitores- aceite (gas-en-aceite ver 7.2.3). 7.2.3). • La separación cromatográfica y análisis para los componentes individuales en una mezcla de gases extraídos de una muestra del aceite del transformador o una muestra del espacio de gas del transformador (véase la cláusul a 9). Un procedimiento procedimiento de funcionamiento utilizando utilizando los datos de los gases de las fuentes anteriormente mencionadas se va a desarrollar inmediatamente después de la detección inicial de gases combustibles. La Figura 2 es un diagrama de flujo que traza el proce so sugerido de la detección inicial de gas combustible a la evaluación final del estado del transformador.

EJEMPLOS

Gas detectado en el relevo, espacio de gas o de petróleo

Conservador Paso 1 gas detectado

gas detectado

en aceite

Paso 2 Datos (l / L): H

El espacio de gas

en el espacio de gas

2  70 gas Total = 1,5%

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

6.2 Determinación de las tasas de generación de gas combustibles

Un volumen de gas determinado y distribución pueden ser generados en un periodo de tiempo largo por un fallo relativamente insignificante o en un período de tiempo muy corto por una falla más grave. Por lo tanto, una medición no indica la tasa de generación y puede indicar muy poco acerca de la gravedad del fallo. Una vez que se detecta una presencia de gas sospechoso, es importante estar seguro de si el fallo que ha generado el gas está activo. Una tasa de evolución mayor que 2,8 L (0,1 pies 3)  gas de combustible por día puede indicar la unidad tiene un fallo interno activo. Para el cálculo de la tasa de evolución, tomar la suma de las concentraciones [en l / L (ppm)] de todos los gases combustibles (todo pero CO 2,  O  2,  y N  2)  en la primera y segunda muestras y el uso de la ecuación (1) como sigue:

(

T

×-=

0

) T 

dónde

VSSR × 10

- 6

(1)

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

segundo  sol   sol es el coeficiente de solubilidad de Ostwald de especial gas

Gas

coeficiente de Ostwald

( B) (  25  25 ° DO)

H 2 una

0,0429

O 2

0,138

CO 2

0,900

do 2  H  2 una

0,938

do 2  H  4 una

1.35

norte 2

0.0745

CO una

0,102

do 2  H  6 una

1.99

CH 4 una

0,337

coeficientes NOTA-Ostwald son para un aceite con una densidad de 0,880 a STP. una Combustibles.

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

• Condición 2: T   DCG dentro de esta gama indica mayor que el nivel normal de gas combustible. Alguna gas combustible individual superior a los niveles especificados debe impulsar la investigación adicional. Proceder por la Figura 2, el paso 3. Se deben tomar medidas par  a establecer una tendencia (Figura 2, Paso 4). Fault (s) puede estar prese nte. Proceder Proceder a 6.5.1 o 6.5.2.

• Condición 3:  TDCG dentro de este rango indica un alto nivel de descomposición. cualquier individuo gas combustible superior a los niveles especificados debe impulsar la investigación adicional. Proceder por la Figura 2, el paso 3. La acción inmediata debe d ebe ser llevado a establecer una tendencia (Figura 2, Paso 4). Fallo (s) son probablemente p  resente. P roceder a 6.5.1 o 6.5.2.

• Condición 4:   TDCG superior a este valor indica descomposición excesiva. La operación continua podría resultar en una falla del transformador. Proceder inmediatamente y con precaución por la Figura 2, Etapa 3, y 6.5.1 o 6.5.2.

La Tabla 1 las concentraciones de gases -Dissolved

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

Los nuevos transformadores (un año o menos) por lo general contienen niveles de gases que caerían muy por debajo de la Condición 1 y no contienen niveles detectables de acetileno. Por lo tanto, el grado de preocupación en el ejemplo podría ser mucho más alto para un transformador de 1 mes de edad que un transformador de 20 años de edad.

Otra consideración es que el acetileno se puede generar a partir de tres diferentes condiciones de fallo incipientes,

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

6.5.2 Determinación del procedimiento de operación y de muestreo de intervalo de los niveles TDCG y la generación de las tarifas en el aceite

Cuando aumenta repentinos en el contenido de gas disuelto del aceite en transformadores que operan con éxito se producen y se sospecha un fallo interno, los procedimientos recomendados recomendados en la figura 2 debe ser utilizado. La Tabla 3 indica los inte rvalos recomendados recomendados iniciales de mues treo y los

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

6.7 Evaluación de la posible tipo de fallo mediante el análisis de los gases combustibles generados separadas

El uso de proporciones de gas para indicar un solo tipo de fallo posible es un proceso empírico basado en la experiencia de cada investigador individual en la correlación de los análisis de gas de muchas unidades con el tipo de fallo posteriormente asignado como la causa de la perturbación o

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IEEE Std C57.104-2008 Guía de IEEE para la Interpretación de los gases generados en los transformadores sumergidos

Paso 3 L  a determinación de validez del procedimiento de relación: Si al menos uno de los gases en cada relación de R1, R2, R3, o R4 excede el límite L1  , el procedimiento de relación es válida; de lo contrario, las proporciones no son significativas, y la unidad debe ser remuestreados e investigados por procedimientos alternativos.

Etapa 4 S   uponiendo que el análisis de la relación es válida, cada relación sucesiva se compara con los valores obtenidos

de la Tabla 5 en e n el orden R1, R2, R3, y R4.

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