Angelo's Pizza Report

 

^djcg mo fmatgats

 

Udig Am.

K.

KK.

Katrmnuftkma 4. Bkstmry Bkstmry mo Ukzzd Ukzzd ..………………… ..…………………………… …………………… …………………… ……………... …...

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:. Furrgat Vktudtkma mo Ukzzd Kanustry dt WV (:542-:54;) (:542-:54;) ……………

:-6

6. @dhmr @dhmr Ucdygrs Ucdygrs ka tbg @drlgt…… @drlgt……………… …………………… …………………… ……………..... ….....

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>. Jrkgo Jrkgo Bkstmry Bkstmry mo Dai Daigcm‛ gcm‛ss Ukzzd Ukzzd …………………… ……………………………… ………………... …….....

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7. Urgsgat Urgsgat Umsktkm Umsktkma a mo Dai Daigcm‛ gcm‛ss Ukzzd Ukzzd …………………… ……………………………… ……………… ……

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?. Urmnuft Urmnuftss dan Vgrvkfgs Vgrvkfgs mo Dai Daigcm‛ gcm‛ss Ukzzd……… Ukzzd………………… …………………… ………….. ..

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9. BZ Zgcdtgn Zgcdtgn Urmjcg` Urmjcg`ss Daigcm‛ Daigcm‛ss Ukzzd Ukzzd suoo suoogrgn grgn………… …………………… …………… …

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2. Mjhgftk Mjhgftkvgs vgs………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… ………………….. ……….... ..

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@dka Jmny 4. Mjhgftk Mjhgftkvg vg 4 …………………… ……………………………… …………………… …………………… …………………. ……….

?-2

:. Mjhgftk Mjhgftkvg vg : …………………… ……………………………… …………………… …………………… …………………. ……….

;-44 ;-44

6. Mjhgftk Mjhgftkvg vg 6 …………………… ……………………………… …………………… …………………… …………………. ……….

4:-47 4:-47

>. Mjhgftk Mjhgftkvg vg > …………………… ……………………………… …………………… …………………… …………………. ……….

4?-42 4?-42

KKK.. KKK

Fmafc Fmafcusk uskma ma ……………… ……………………… ……………… ……………… …………… …………… ……………… ……………… ……….. ..

4;

K_.

Zgfm` Zgfm``g `gan andtk dtkmas mas ……………… ……………………… ……………… ……………… …………… …………… ……………… ……….. ..

:5 :5-:4 -:4

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Jkjckm Jkjckmird irdpby pby ……………… ……………………… ……………… ……………… ……………… …………… …………… ……………. …….... ...

:: ::-:> -:>

 

K.

KA^ZMNWF^KMA

Bkstmry mo Ukzzd8

Ukzz Ukzzdd ks d lkan lkan mo jrgd jrgdn n dan dan tm`d tm`dttm nks nksb< rgiuc giucdr drcy cy prgs prgsga gatt wktb ktb fbgn fbgnnd ndrr tbd bdtt bd bdss gxks gxkstg tgn n skaf skafgg tbg tbg ndys dys mo  ymrg mrg ka @knncg Gdstgra gra dan dan @gnk gnktgrrdagd agda ommn mmn. ^bg tgr gr` ` 'pkz pkzzd' zd' okrst sbmwgn up "k "ka ad Cdtka fm fma atgat  orm` tbg smutbgra Ktdckda tmwa mo Idgtd ka ;;9 DN   (Vcm`da, 4;2>, p. 7). Ka 4? Fgatury d  ocdtjrgdn wds dccungn tm ds d pkzzd . D nksb mo tbg pmmr pgmpcg, kt wds smcn ka tbg rmdn dan kt  wds amt fmas maskngr ds lktfbga omr`ucd ucd omr cmai mai tk`g. Ka 49 Fgatury, tbg pkzzd wds sgfur furgn wktb rgn  sdufg. ^bks wds cdtgr suppcdatgn jy mkc, tm`dtmgs dan oksb. Omr fgaturkgs, pkzzd, d am amur urks ksb` b`ga gatt mo  nko nkoogrg ogrgat at stdr tdrtkai tkai pm pmkkats ats dan dan vd vdrrkm kmus us styc stycgs gs,, bd bdss ds dsssu`gn u`gn d skiak kiakookfda kfdatt hmj hmj ka tbg tbg gdtk gdtkai ai rg rgik ik`g `ga a  mo tbg tbg kank kankvk vknu nudc dcss wbm wbm mffu mffupk pkgn gn tbg tbg cd cdan an fu furr rrga gatc tcy y fd fdcc ccgn gn Ktdc Ktdcy. y. ^bg ^bg Irgg Irggls ls,, wbm wbm bd bdn n pr prgv gvdc dcga gatt  bgdt bgdtka kai i dj djkc kckt ktkg kgss da dan n kaam kaamvd vdtk tkma ma,, ourt ourtbg bgrr prmi prmirg rgss ssgn gn da dan n gx gxpc pcdk dkag agn n ma pkzz pkzzdd nu nurk rkai ai tbgkr ?55-ygdr  (965‖465 J.F.G.) fmatrmc mo tbg smutbgra rgikmas mo tbg Ktdckda prm`matmry (@mr (@ mrrm rmw, w,4; 4;;7 ;7). ). Ck Cklg lg  tbgk tbgkrr da dafg fgst stmr mrs, s, tbgy tbgy frgd frgdtg tgn n d irdk irdkaa-jd jdsg sgn n squd squdsb sb,, ygt ygt ds mppm mppmsg sgn n tm sgtt sgttka kai i tbg tbg id idra rakksb sbgs gs  ma tb tbgg fmml fmmlgn gn jrgd jrgdns ns,, tbg bgy y sgt tb tbg` g` ma tbg frun frungg jd jdtt ttgr gr prgf prgfgn gnka kai i bg bgdt dtka kai, i, `dyj `dyjgg tm iudrdatgg  da dcc tbg `mrg gxfgptkmadccy sgdsmagn nksb. ^bg Irggls, wbm bdn uarkvdcgn  prgpdrkai djkcktkgs  dan kaamvdtkma, ourtbgr prmirgssgn dan gxpcdkagn ma pkzzd nurkai tbgkr  ?55-ygdr (965‖465  J.F.G.) fmatrmc mo tbg smutbgra tgrrktmrkgs mo tbg Ktdckda cdan`dss (Umttgr,4;29). Ukzzd  cdangn ka tbg Waktgn Vtdtgs ka tbg cdst 75% mo tbg akagtggatb fgatury, dcmaisk iskng d  ocmmn mo tm d irgdt gxt xtggat smutbgra Ktdckda `kird irdats ats (Fmcckas,4;;2). 2). Jgom gomrg cmai d fm fmas askn kngr grdj djcg cg cmt cmt  mo tbms tbmsgg mu muts tskn kngr grss wgrg wgrg `dlk `dlkai ai tbgk tbgkrr vm vmfd fdtk tkma ma wmrl wmrlka kai i pdst pdstry ry lktf lktfbg bgas as da dan n ommn ommn supp suppck ckgs gs wbgr wbgrgg  tbgy tbgy smcn smcn pkzz pkzzdd fcms fcmsgg jy frgd frgdtg tg da dan n st stdp dpcg cg okxk okxkai ais. s. ^bg ^bg prk` prk`dr dry y igau igauka kagg D`gr D`grkf kfda da  pkzzd sbmp,  mpgagn ka Agw [mrl Fkty ka 4;57 jy Igaadrm Cm`jdrnk, wds sktudtgn ka @dabdttda, dt 76⅖  Vprkai Vtrggt. Vk`kcdrcy ds wktb mtbgr gdrcy pkzzd sbmps, tbg ng`mirdpbkf wds `dng trdasf asfgang angatcy mut  mo smut mutbgr bgra Ktdckda omrgkiagrs, wbm aggng gngn tm gdt tbgkr gkr vgry gry mwa nksbgs ka d fm``mapcdfg dan gahmydjcg fck`dtg.

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Furrgat Vktudtkma mo Ukzzd Kanustry dt WV (:542-:54;)8

Furrgatc atcy, tbg  Waktgn Vtdtgs dtgs bds d sdcg dcg mo $>7 $>7.96 Jkcckma ka tbg pkzzd zzd kanu anustry, wbgr bgrg tbg tmp 75 fbdka mffupkgs  72.;6% mo sdcgs wbkfb ks $:?.;7 jkcckma dan tbg rgst >4.59% wbkfb ks $42.92  jkcckma ks  smcn jy mtbgr kangpgangat dan s`dcc fbdk stmrgs. (U@T Agws, :54;). Kt ks dcsm stdtgn jy U@T U@ T tbd bdtt  pkzz pkzzdd kts ktsgco gco ks tbg tbg ods odstgs tgst irmw irmwka kai i sgi`g gi`gat at mo dcc dcc ods dstt-fds -fdsud udcc rgst rgstdu durrdats dats wbkf wbkfb b fmvg fmvgrrs ;.7% ;.7% mo tb tbgg WV fm fm`` ``gr grfk fkdc dc om ommn mn sg sgrv rvkf kfgg `d `drl rlgt gt.. ^bg ^bg pkzz pkzzdd kanu kanust stry ry bds bds irmw irmwa a irdn irdnud udcc ccy y ka WVD WVD nug tm  immn gfmam`y dan dcsm tbgrg drg d ogw pmkats wbkfb trkiigrgn tbg rksg cklg gxtgangn fbmk bmkfg fgss mo  pkzzd, zd, gxpd xpdangn tmppkai fbmkf mkfgs, gs, cmfd mfdc & mrida idakf `dtg dtgrkdc tm `dlg pkz pkzzd ka mrngr tm  prgvgat dccgrikgs  mr mtbgr bgdctb kssugs, autrktkma cdjgcckai cklg wbdt pgrfgat mo autrktkma dan fdcmrkg ks  prgsgat dan fmasu`gr fda dcsm fustm`kzg jdsgn ma tbgkr aggns dan s`drt mrngrkai tbrmuib dpp  dan katgragt. (U@T Agws, :542). ^bg ng`dan mo rgikmadc stycg pkzzd cklg  Agdpmcktda, Zm`da,  Ngtrmkt gtf. bds dcsm kafrgdsgn wbkfb ks `mstcy nmag jy kangpgangat dan s`dcc dcc fbd fbdka  sbmps. ps. Jdsgn ma tbg Vtuny kt ks sgga tbdt smfkdc `gnk gnkd pcdys d jki jki rmcg mcg ka kafrgd gdsskai tbg tbg ng ng`d `dan an  mo tbgs tbgsgg pkzz pkzzdd st styc ycgs gs.. (U (U@T @T Agws Agws,, :5 :54; 4;). ). Ukzz Ukzzdd wds wds `mst `mstcy cy fm fmas asu` u`gn gn nu nurk rkai ai nkaa nkaagr  gr   jut amw  tbg kanustry stdrtgn idkakai dttgatkma nurkai ndy tk`g omr wbkfb `day pkzzd sbmps  prmvkng jrgdlodst  pkzzd tbdt fmaskst mo giis & bd`s dan dcsm `dlg fustm`kzgn pkzzd omr cuafb. ^bgrgomrg, dcc tbgsg odftmrs bdvg trkiigrgn tbg kafrgdsg sdcgs ka pkzzd.

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  Okiurg8 Ukzzd Zgstdurdat Vdcgs ka WVD orm` :54: tm :542 (ka `kcckma W.V. nmccdrs)

Bmwgvgr gr,, omr  kang angpgang angat dan s`dcc fbdka sbmps tbgrg ks d nks nksdnvdat datdig dig ma cdj djm mr dan lktfb fbgga stdo stdooo. ^bg ^bg  `kak `kak`u `u` ` wdigs digs dt WV kafr kafrgd gdsg sgn n omr wbk wbkfb tbg tbg fms fmst mo mp mpgr grdt dtkm kma a dcsm dcsm kafr kafrgd gdssgs dan dan ds tbg tbg gfma gfmam` m`y y  ks wgcc wgcc dan dan ua uag` g`pc pcmy my`g `gat at rdtg rdtg ks cmw, cmw, kt bd bdss jg jgfm fm`g `g nkoo nkookf kfuc uctt tm okan okan g` g`pc pcmy mygg gg dan dan lktfbga stdoo.

@dhmr Ucdygrs ka tbg @drlgt8

Furrrg Fu rgat atccy,  Nm`k Nm`kam am‛s ‛s Ukzz Ukzzdd ks tb tbgg `drl `drlgt gt cgdn cgdngr gr ka tgr` tgr`ss mo sdcgs dcgs.. ^bg ^bg mtbg mtbgrr 7 `dh `dhmr fm`p fm`pgt gtkt ktmr mrss drg

Ukzzd  But,

Ckttcg

Fdgsdrs

Ukzzd,

Udpd

Hmba‛s

Katgradtkmadc,

Udpd

@urpby‛s

Kat Katgr grad adtk tkma madc dc.( .(Uk Ukzz zzdd tmn mndy dy,,  :5 :54; 4;)). ^bgk ^bgkrr Zgvg Zgvgau augg omr tbg yg ygdr dr :5 :542 42 drg drg $4 $46. 6.: : J, $4 $4:. :.: : J, $> $>.9 .9J, J, $6.7 J & $252 @ rgspgftkvgcy. (Ukzzd ^mndy, :54;).

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Jrkgo Bkstmry mo Daigcm‛s Ukzzd8

Daigc gcm m‛s Uk Ukzzzd  ks tbg cgidfy dfy mo d pkzzd zzd `dlka lkai od`kcy. Kt dcc stdrtgn wbga Vdcdtmrg mrg Fusu`dam fd`g d`g tm  D`gr grkkfd ka tbg cdtg dtg 4;7; ;7;. (Daigcm gcm‛s Ukzzgrkd, Mur Vtmry mry, a.n.) n.). Bg sgttcgn ka Agw [mrl  mrl  Fk Fktty dan dan  wmr wmrlg lgn n ka vd vdrk rkmu muss pkzz pkzzdd sbm bmps ps `dlk dlkai dutb dutbga gattkf Ktdck tdckda da Ukzz Ukzzd. d. (Dai (Daigc gcm‛ m‛ss Ukzz Ukzzdd A[F, A[F, Djmut Ws, a.n.). Cdtgr bg  mpgagn bks mwa stmrg fdccgn Zkffdrnm‛s dt Jrmmlcya, Agw [mrl dan wmrlgn tbgrg (Dai (D aigc gcm‛ m‛ss Uk Ukzz zzgr grkd kd,,  Mur Mur Vtmr Vtmry, y, a.n. a.n.). ). ^bg ^bg ig igau auka kagg pd pdss sskm kma a mo pkzz pkzzdd bd bdss pd pdss ssgn gn ma tm tbg tbg od`k od`kcy cy‛s ‛s ig igag agrrdtkm dtkmas as,, fbkc fbkcnr nrga ga,,  ag agpb pbgw gwss, irda irdanf nfbk bkccnrga nrga dan dan dcc dcc tbdt tbdt wd wdccl tbrm tbrmui uib b tbg tbg od` d`kc kcy y trdn trdnkktkma tkma.. (Daig aigcm‛s Ukzzd  A[F, Djmu jmut Ws, a.n a.n.). Vdcdtmrg mrg Fusu`dam bdn tbrg brgg fbkcnrg nrga wbm wdatgn tm gst gstdj djccksb ksb tb tbgk gkrr  mwa mwa jrda jrdan n mo pkzz pkzzdd rgs rgstdur tdurda dat. t. Mag Mag mo tb tbg` g` ks Daig Daigccm Fd`g Fd`grm rm wbm wbm wds wds Jmra Jmra dan dan  jrmuibt up  ka tbg Jrmax, Agw [mrl. Bg wdatgn tm stdrt d juskagss ka pkzzd kanustry omr wbkfb bg mjsgrvgn ma  `dlkai pkzzd dt tbg cmfdc stmrgs (Ngsscgr, :54:, p.967). Dotgr irdnudtkai orm` `drl `d rlgt gtkkai ng ngpd pdrt rt`g `gat at  bg mp mpga gagn gn bks bks pkzz pkzzdd stmr tmrg wbgr wbgrgg bg wds wds jm jmra ra dan dan omf mfus usgn gn ma ad adtu turrdc orgs orgsb b kair kairgn gnkg kgat atss wktb wktb  fcgd fcgda, a, jr jrki kibt bt katg katgrk rkmr mr da dan n kt ktss frks frksp p ir irgg gga, a, rgn rgn , wbkt wbktgg skia skia (Ngs (Ngssc scgr gr,, :5 :54: 4:,, p.96 p.967) 7).. ^bg pkzzd stmrg jgfd`g suffgssouc wktbka 7 ygdrs dan mpgagn 6 mtbgr stmrgs ds wgcc.

Urgsgat Umsktkma mo Daigcm‛s Ukzzd8

Furrgatc atcy, Daigc igcm‛ m‛ss  Ukzzd zzd amt amt mac macy sgrvgs pkzzd jut gxtgangn ngn tbgkr `gau tm vdr vdrkmus nks nksbgs jut g`pbds bdskzgs ma  Ktdck dckda ommn mmn. Kt sgrvgs mag mo tbg jgs jgst pkz pkzzd ka tmwa dan dan omccmws tbg cgi giddfy mo tbg od od`k `kcy cy wktb ktb  scki sckibt bt tmu mufb fb mo `mng `mngra ra st styc ycg. g. Daig Daigcm cm‛‛s Ukzz Ukzzdd ks mp mpgr grdt dtgn gn jy tbg 6rn 6rn ig igag agrrdtk dtkma mo tbg od`kcy amw.  ^bgy drg mpgrdtkai ka Vmutb Hgrsgy dan bds bds > jrdafbgs dt Jgrcka, Zkvgrskng dan dan : dt @mua @m uatt Cdur Cdurgc gc..  Daig Daigccm‛s m‛s nm nmka kai i qu qukt ktgg wgc wgcc jg jgkkai d od`k od`kcy cy ju jusk skag agsss ju jutt fm fmuc ucna na‛‛t fm`p fm`pgt gtgg wk wktb tb tbg tbg ikdats. Jdsgn  ma tbg `drl drlgt tbgy drg furr urrgatcy amt ka tbg tmp 75 pkz pkzzd rgstdur durdat dan dan wmrlkai ds s`dc s` dccc fbdk fbdka a rg rgst stdur durda dat. t. (Jus (Juska kags gsss Vpm Vpmtc tcki kibt bt,, a.n. a.n.). ). Bmwg Bmwgvgr vgr,, ka Vmutb Vmutb Hg Hgrs rsgy gy tbgy tbgy drg drg vgry vgry pm pmpu pucd cdr  r  dan Daigcm‛s  Irdan`d pkzzd wds vmtgn jgst mo tbg jgst ka Vmutb Hgrsgy ka :549. (Fmsgatkam, :549)

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Urmnufts dan Vgrvkfgs mo Daigcm‛s Ukzzd8

Gvga Gv ga tb tbmu muib ib Uk Ukzz zzdd ks tbgk tbgkrr `dka `dka prmn prmnuf uftt jut jut tbgy tbgy bdvg bdvg dcsm dcsm gxtg gxtgan angn gn tbgk tbgkrr prmn prmnuf ufts ts.. ^bg ^bg prmn prmnuf ufts ts tbgy drg  moogrkai drg `dkac dkacy y Ktdck dckda jds jdsgn jut dcsm lgpt gpt mtbgr ktg`s ds wgcc. ^bgkr prmnufts fts drg drg Ukzzd, Udstd,  Cdsdiad, Dppgtkzgrs, Vmup, Vdcdn, @gdt dan Oksb Ktg`s. ^bgy dcsm kafcungs nkoogrga gatt ngss gssgr grtt  ktg`s dan jgvg gvgrdig digs. (Daigcm‛s Ukzzd zzd @gau, a.n.) n.). Daig aigcm‛s Ukz Ukzzd prmvkng mackag sgrvkfgs dan dcsm prmvkng fdtgrkai sgrvkfgs.

BZ Zgcdtgn Urmjcg`s Daigcm‛s Ukzzd Vuoogrgn8

Ngspktg jgkai  mag mo tbg pmpucdr pkz pkzzd rgstdurd urdats ats ka Agw [mrl, jgomrg gxpda pdankai jrd jrdafb afbgs Daig Da igcm cm tbmu tbmuib ibtt  mo nkoo nkoogr grga gatt ks kssu sugs gs da dan n bdn bdn nkoo nkookf kfuc uctk tkgs gs sg sgcg cgft ftka kai i qu qudc dcko kokg kgn n pg pgmp mpcg cg omr omr tbg tbg hmj. hmj.^b ^bgg  prmjcg` drg ds omccmws8 k) ^bgo bgot - Daig aigcm stunkgn juskagss wbgrg grg maf mafg bg rgdn tbdt d tmtdc mo $>5 $>55 jkc jkcckma ks jgkai cmst jy tbg Waktgn  Vtdtgs ka tgr`s mo g`pcmygg tbgot. Ds tbg pkzzd trdasdftkma wmucn jg `mstcy fdsb, Daigcm jgckgvgn bkib fbdafg mo tbgot. kk) Vtgdckai  kngd mo tbg juskagss- Daigcm dcsm jgckgvgn tbdt juskagss kngds fda jg stmcga jy g`pcmyggs ggs wbkfb  bd`pgrs jus juskagss. Daigc igcm bdn tbks bks gxpgrk grkgafg ds bg bdn ikvga tm mag mo bks g`pcmyggs ggs tm  `dadi adig tbg stmrg jut tbg g`pc g`pcm mygg ygg omuan uan mut dcc dcc tbg smur murfgs fgs mo Daigcm gcm ka ruaaka akai tbg juskagss dan cdtgr stdrtgn bks mwa rgstdurdat wbgrg Daigcm Da igcm wdatgn tm ikvg. kkk) ^uramvgr  - ^bgrg ks d bkib tura uramvgr vgr rdtg dtg ka tbg rgstdurdat juskagss. Ma tbg mtbgr bdan, kt wds sgga tbdt immn g`pcmyggs usgn tm cgdvg tbg hmj ka orustrdtkma ds tbgy wgrg amt aurturgn prmpgrcy.

Mjhgftkvgs- ^bg mjhgftkvg mo tbks rgpmrt ks tm okan daswgrs mo omur qugstkmas. ^bgy drg ds omccmws8

k)^bg `dka juskagss ogdturgs mo tbg Icmjdc Odst Ommn kanustry dan tbgkr fm`pgtgafkgs kk)Okvg spgfkokf bu`da rgsmurfg `dadig`gat grrmrs tbdt Daigcm‛s pkzzd ks `dlkai kkk)Ngvgcmp d  strufturgn katgrvkgw omr` tbdt Daigcm‛s Ukzzd fda usg omr bkrkai- (4)stmrg `dadigrs, (:) wdktgrs wdktgrs dan wdktrgssgs, wdktrgssgs, dan (6)fmuatgr pgmpcg/pkzzd `dlgrs kv) kv)D ma magg-pd pdig ig  mu mutc tcka kagg sb sbmw mwka kai i sp spgf gfko kokf kfdc dccy cy bm bmw w wg tbkal bkal Daig Daigcm cm‛‛s sbm bmuc ucn n im djmu djmutt sg sgccgftk gftkai ai g`pcmyggs.

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KK.

@DKA JMN[

Mjhgftkvg 4 -    @dka juskagss ogdturgs mo tbg Icmjdc Odst Ommn kanustry dan tbgkr fm`pgtgafkgs8

Ybga wg  tbkal djmu jmut odst ommn, ad` ad`gs tbdt bdt fm`g m`g tm `kan drg @fNma fNmaddcn‛s, Ukz Ukzzd But, ut, Vujwdy jwdy,, Nm`kam‛s Ukzzd,  LOF dan mtbgrs. Ikvga bmw bmw jusy dan ods dstt-pdf dfggn mur ckvgs bdvg dvg jgfm`g, m`g, odst ommn ks  amw da katgirdc pdrt mo gvgrymag‛s ckog. ^bg ogdturgs mo odst ommn fm`pdakgs ks tbgy  prm`mtg oua  & bdppkagss, moogr fmavgakgafg, qukfl ngckvgry, gdsg mo dffgss, doomrndjcg prkfg (g (gfm fmam am` `y `gdc `gdcss  dttr dttrdf dfttkai kai cmwg cmwgrr dan dan `kn knnc ncgg fcds fcdsss), moo moogrk grkai fm fmas asu` u`gr grss vd vdcu cugg omr `mag `magy y ng ngdc dcss (jua (juanc ncgn gn ktg` ktg`ss  sgr sgrvg vgn n dt d am am`k `kad adcc ccy y fbgd fbgdpg pgrr rdtg) dtg)   (V (Vgk gkng ngc, c, :54;) :54;) (" ("Ods Odstt Om Ommn mn Kanus Kanustr try y Da Dadc dcys ysks ks :54; -  Fmst & ^rgans", :54;). Ka tgr`s mo ng`mirdpby tbgy tdrigt lkns, od`kcy dan dan stung ungats `mst `m stcy cy,, psyf psyfbm bmir irdp dpbk bkff  sg sgi` i`ga gatd tdtk tkma ma kafc kafcun ungs gs fm fmav avga gakg kgaf afg( g(td tdlg lgdw dwdy dyss da dan n nrkv nrkvgg tbrm tbrmui uib) b) da dan n ckogstycg (od`kckgs  dan orkga gan ns fda bdvg d immn mmn rgcdx dxkkai oua tk`g), jgbdv bdvkmrdc sgi`gatdtkma ks mf mffd fdsskmas kmas ck cklg lg  fbkc fbkcnr nrga ga''s jkr jkrtb tbnd ndy y pd pdrrtkgs tkgs.. Vm tbg `dka dka tdr tdrig igtt `dr `drlg lgtt mo odst odst omm mmn n kanu kanusstry try ks tbg ymua muai iga igagrdtkma.  @mrg mrg spgfko fkokfdcc dccy wktbka tbg dig mo 46 ygd gdrr tm 67 ygdrs dan `mstcy stung ungats. Ds tbgkr  prk`dry tdrigt ks ymuai pgmpcg sm kt ks mjvkmus tbdt tbg odst ommn kanustry bds fgrtdka ogdturgs tbdt  dttrdfts ymu ymuai pgmpcg tm vks vkskt tbgk bgkr stmrgs mvgr dan mvgr vgr didka dka. ^bgs gsgg lgy ogdturgs am amw w jg jgfd fd`g `g  fmrg fmrg fm`p fm`pgt gtga gafk fkgs gs mo tbg icmj icmjdc dc ods dstt ommn mmn kan anus ustr try. y. ^bg ^bg lg lgy y ogdt ogdtur urgs gs mo tbg tbg ods odst omm mmn n kanustry drg tbg omccmwkai8 4. Ommn sgrvkai tk`g8  ^bgg jkii ^b jkiigs gstt  og ogdt dtur urgg mo icmj icmjdc dc ods odst omm mmn n kan anus ustr try y ks bm bmw w ods odst tbg tbg ommn ommn bd bdss sg sgrv rvgn gn.. ^bg ^bg `dka `dka rgds gdsma odst ommn  ks dftudccy fdccgn odst ommn. [muai pgmpcg `kibt tm d odst ommn stmrg sufb ds @fnm @f nmad adccn‛s, n‛s, LOF LOF  dan dan gvga gvga Daig Daigcm cm‛s ‛s pkzz pkzzdd orm` rm` tb tbgk gkrr sfbmm fbmmcs cs,, ua uakkvg vgrrsktk ktkgs dan dan mook mookfg fg tm irdj irdj d qukfl cuafb  mr nkaagr. Vm odst ommn stmrgs aggn tm sgrvg tbgkr ommn ka d vgry sbmrt tk`g. ^bg dvgrdig ommn  sgrvkai tk`g mo @fnmadcn ks cgss tbda ? `kautgs pgr mrngr. Ybkfb jgfd`g tbg  jkiigst fm`pgtgafy mo tbg odst ommn kanustry.

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:. Ommn Ommn Urkf Urkfka kai8 i8

Ommn prkfg  ks vgry doomrndjcg ka tbg icmjdc odst ommn kanustry. Ommn prkfgs drg pcdfgs sm fm`pg m`pgttktkvgc gcy y tbdt  tbgrg ks am sfmp fmpg omr mtbgr bgr fmavgat gatkmadc rgstdurd urdat tm jgdt tbg prkfg. fg. ^bdt ks ma magg `dka `dka  rgds gdsma stun stunga gats ts dan dan sg sgrrvkfg vkfg bm bmccng ngrrs wbm wbm wdat wdat tm fm fm`p `pccgtg gtg tbg bgkkr cua uafb fb dan dan nkaa nkaagr gr dt da doomrndjcg jcg prkfg  mr wdat tm cduafb afb d pdrty, fbmmsg odst ommn stmrg mrgs nug tm doomrndj ndjcg prkfg dan ommn vdrkgty. ($4, $:& &$6 @gau, @fNmadcn‛s)

6. Fustm Fustm`k `kzd zdtkm tkma a mo ommn8 ommn8

Ods dstt ommn  kanustry ikvg tbgkr fustm`grs d uakqug mptkma tbdt bdt `dl dlggs tbg` nkoogrg grgat orm` mtbgr  rgstdurdat mo  ommn kanus nustry. Odst dst ommn stmrgs moogr tbgkr gkr fus fustm`grs tm fustm`kzg tbgkr ommn ka nkoogrgat wdys  wktb nkoogrgat kairgnkgats. Omr gxd`pcg @fnmadcn‛s moogr `mrg tbda :5 fu fust stm` m`kz kzdt dtkm kma a mptk mptkma mass tm tbgk tbgkrr fu fust stm` m`gr grss tm `dlg `dlg tbgk tbgkrr prgo prgogr grrg rgn n Jk Jki i @d @dff ju juri rigr gr.. (D`g (D`grk rkfd fda a Od Odst st Ommn Fustm`kzdtkma, :54>)

>. Ngfmrdt Ngfmrdtkma kma mo mo tbg stmrgs stmrgs dan dan gavkrma gavkrma`ga `gat8 t8

Ds ngfmrdtkma  dan gavkrma`gat mo tbg rgstdurdat drg twm jkiigst odftmrs wbkcg fbmmskai rgstdurdats, icmjdc  odst ommn mmn kanu anustry tdlga tbks twm odftmr katm dff dffmuat uat. ^bgy ngfmrd mrdtg tbgk bgkr  stmrgs ka  d fdsudc wdy sm tbdt bdt pgmpc mpcg `kibt oggc fm`omrtdjc djcg dan dan pcdy odst tg`pm g`pm `usk uskf sm tbdt  pgmpcg gdt  odst dan mrngr `mrg mr cgdvg dan `dlg rmm` omr mtbgrs. ^bg jgbdvkmr mo tbg ommn sgrvgr ks vgry fustm`gr fgatrkf dan tbgy wkcc nm daytbkai tm `dlg fustm`grs ngskrgn ommn.

7. Fmav Fmavgak gakgaf gafgg mo tbg fust fustm` m`grs grs88

Odst ommn  stmrgs moogr sufb lkan mo ommn tbdt drg amt gdsy tm prgpdrg dt bm`g, gvga ko sm`gmag  prgpdrg tbmsg  ommns dt bm`g amt imkai tm igt tbg gxdft tdstg mo tbdt ommn ktg`. Vm tbg odst ommn rgstdurdats prgpdrg  tbg ommn ka sufb d wdy tbdt macy jg nmag jy tbdt pdrtkfucdr odst ommn fm` fm`pd pday ay.. Omr Omr  gx gxd` d`pc pcgg LOF bd bdss tbg bgkkr mwa mwa sg sgfr frgt gt rgfk rgfkpg pg tm `dlg `dlg orkg orkgn n fbkf fbkflg lga. a. Vm tbg tbg fus fustm`g tm`gr  r  wkcc wkcc ig igtt tbg tbg pr prgo gogr grrg rgn n or orkg kgan anss fb fbkf kflg lga a tdst tdstgg macy macy ka LOF. LOF. Damt Damtbg bgrr fm fmav avga gakg kgat at odft odftmr mr ks tbg tbg cmfd cmfdtk tkma ma mo tbg  stmrgs. Ods dstt ommn stmrgs dcc mvgr tbg wmrcn pcdfg dfg tbgkr stmrg mrgs ka sufb pcdfgs sm tbdt bdt tbgy fda

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irdj tbgkr  tdrigt `drlgt dan tbgkr fustm`grs aggn amt tm cmml omr tbg stmrgs odr dwdy orm` tbgkr  wmrlpcdfg.

?. Dvdkc Dvdkcdjk djkckt ckty y mo mo ttbg bg ommn8 ommn8

 Am `dttgr  wbga tbg fckgat wgat tm tbg odst ommn stmrg tbgy wkcc igt tbgkr prgogrrgn ommn ka tbg stmrgs. Am  `dttgr tbg fustm`gr mrngrgn omr jurigr, pkzzd mr orkgs tbgy wkcc igt kt wktbka d vgry sb sbmr mrtt pg pgrrkm kmn n  mo tk`g tk`g.. (Ak (Akfmc fmcgtd, gtd, :5 :542 42)) Ma tbg mtbg mtbgrr bd bdan an mtbg mtbgrr fmav fmavga gatk tkma madc dc rgs rgstdur tdurda dats ts nm nmgs gsa‛ a‛tt bdvg tbdt  mptkma. ^bks ogdturgs prmvkng tbg odst ommn kanustry d buig fm`pgtgafy mvgr mtbgr  rgstdurdats.

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^dlg dwdy dan bm`g ngckvgry mptkma8

Od Odsst omm mmn n  stmrg tmrgss moog moogrr tb tbgg fus fustm`gr m`grss tbg tbg tdlgd dlgdwd wdy y mp mpttkma. kma. Kt `gda `gdass fus fustm`g tm`grrs `kibt kibt mrng mrngrr omm mmn n orm` tbgkr  fdr mr hust orm` mutskng tbg stmrg tbgy wkcc prmvkng tbg ommn ka d vgry sbmrt pgrkmn mo  tk`g. Vm  tbdt fustm`grs aggn amt tm gatgr tbg stmrg mr spgan buig d`muat mo tk`g hust tm mrngr d fgrt fgrtdk dka a ommn ommn  kt ktg` g`.. Damt Damtbg bgrr fm fmav avga gakg kgat at mp mptk tkma ma ks bm bm`g `g ng ngck ckvg vgry ry mo ommn ommn.. Fust Fustm` m`gr grss `k `kib ibtt fd fdcc cc tbg tbg stmrgs mr  rgqugs gstt tbrmuib dpp omr bm`g m`g ngck gckvgry. Ka tbdt wdy tbg fustm` m`gr grss aggn amt tm im tm tbg stmrg dan stdan ka tbg qugug tm mrngr tbg ommn.

2. Gyg fdtfbkai fdtfbkai jrdanka jrdankai i mo ommn ommn ktg`8 ktg`8

Buig dan dan  gyg fdtfbkai jrdankai dan prm prm`mtkma mo tbg ommn ktg` ks dcsm damtbgr ogd gdtturg urg dan lgy lgy fm`pgtgafy mo  tbg odst ommn kanustry. Odst ommn ikdats sufb ds @fnmadcn‛s, LOF, Vuj-Ydy, Ukzzd But  gtf. nm buig prm`mtkmas dan jrdankai mo tbgkr ommn ktg` wktb jki pmstgrs dan ^_ fm``grfkdcs. Ybkfb  dcsm dttrdft tbg fustm`grs tm im tm tbg odst ommn stmrgs dan bdvg tbdt  pdrtkfucdr ommn ktg`.

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Mjhgftkvg :- Okvg spgfkokf bu`da rgsmurfg `dadig`gat grrmrs mo Daigcm‛s Ukzzd drg ds8

4) Cdfl mo prmpgr trdkakai, ngvgcmp`gat dan pgromr`dafg dpprdksdc-

^rdkaka akai ks  tbg prmfgss mo tgdfbk fbkai agw mr fur furrgat g`pcmyggs tbg slkccs rgcgvdat tm pgro gromr` mr`kai tbgk tbgkrr hmj mjss  (Ngss Ngsscg cgrr, pi :9 :94) 4).. Ybga Ybga kt fm`g fm`gss tm Dai aigc gcm‛ m‛ss pkzz pkzzd, d, `kak` kak`dc dc mr am trdka rdkakkai wd wdss ikvg ikvga a tm tbg  stmrg `dadigrs. Daigcm bdn amt ngskiagn day prmpgr trdkakai prmird` dan bg idvg bks g`pc g` pcmy mygg ggss, wbm wbm  wgr wgrg djmu djmutt tm jg stmrg tmrg `dad `dadig igrrs, vg vgry ry `kak `kak`d `dcc dan dan jd jdsk skff trdka rdkakkai ma bm bmw w tm rua tbg stmrg  dssu`kai tbdt jgfdusg tbgy wmrlgn uangr bk` omr sgvgrdc ygdrs tbgy bdvg da kngd mo   prgtty `ufb  gvgrytbkai dan drg gqukppgn tm rua d stmrg dcc jy tbg`sgcvgs.Kt wdsa‛t hust tbg mcn g`pcmyggs ggs, tbg  agw bkrgn mags ags wgrg dcs dcsm amt ikvga suookfkgat trdkakai. ai. Nug tm cdfl mo trdka dkakai ikvga jy  Daigcm dan bks `dadigrs tbg immn mags d`mai tbg agw bkrgs cgot tbg hmj dotgr d ogw wggls nug  tm uan uangrutkckzdt zdtkma mo tbgkr slkc lkccs dan dan motga tbg jdn mags gangn up stdykai ka tbg hmj. mj. ^bks ^b ks bd bdn n  d rk rkpp ppccg goo googft gft wbgr wbgrgg `dadi dadigr grss gang gangn n up bd bdvk vkai ai d bd bdrrn tk`g k`g wk wktb tb tbks tbks bkib bkib tura turamv mvgr gr dan dan wk wkttb jg jgka kai i  cg cgoot wk wkttb jd jdn n ua uasslkcc lkccgn gn g`pc g`pcmy mygg ggs. s. ^bks ^bks turam uramvg vgrr rgs rgsuctg uctgn n ka tbg tbg `dad `dadig igrrs wmr wmrlkai lkai gxtrd sbkots  mo 9 ndys d wggl mr 45 tm 4: bmurs d ndy dan tbks gxbdustgn bks `dadigrs dan `day gangn up  qukttkai.

Gvga tbg `kak`dc trdkakai tbdt Daigcm prmvkngn wds ma-tbg-hmj omr tbg

g`pc g` pcmy mygg ggss wbkf wbkfb b  bg bk`s bk`sgc gcoo pgrs pgrsma madc dccy cy gx gxgf gfut utgn gn.. ^bks ^bks wds wds tk`g tk`g-f -fma masu su`k `kai ai,, uast uastru ruft ftur urgn gn da dan n rdtbgr bgr da  kafm`pgt gtggat dpprm prmdfb dfb jgfd gfdusg, bk` jgkai tbg fm`pday day mwagr, gr, bg fmucn ucn amt dcwdys dys `dad `d adig ig sm  `ufb `ufb tk`g tk`g tm ikvg ikvg d fm` fm`prgb prgbga gasskvg kvg tr trdk dkak akai ai.. Bk Bkss fd fdrrgcgs gcgsssag agsss dcs dcsm su surrodfg odfgss orm` orm` tbg tbg odft tbdt  bg dssu`gn bks stmrg `dadigrs wbm` bg bdn pgrsmadccy trdkagn wmucn im ma tm trdka tbgkr mwa  g`pcmyggs tbg sd`g wdy bg nkn wbkfb wdsa‛t a‛t dcw dcwdys tbg fds dsgg. Vkafg afg bg tmml tk`g mut mut tm pgrs grsmad madccy  trdka tbms bmsg stmrg `dad dadigrs grs bg sbmucn bdv bdvg dcs dcsm mvgrs grsgga tbg trdkaka akai tbms bmsg stmrg `dad `d adig igrs rs wgr grgg  ikvk ikvkai ai tbg bgkkr suj ujmr mrnk nkad adtg tgs. s. Ugr Ugromr omr`daf `dafgg dp dppr prdk dkssdc ga gatd tdkkcs tbr tbrgg jds jdskf oua uaft ftkkma mass wbkfb drg  dngqudt udtg oggnjd njdfl ma pgr pgromr`dafg afg, wbkfb sbmuc mucn cgdn tm `mnk mnkoykai jgbdv bdvkmr dan dan goog googft ftkv kvgg wmrl wmrlka kai i  bdjk bdjkts ts da dan n tm pr prmv mvkn kngg ndtd ndtd wbkf wbkfb b ks rgsu rgsuct ct mrkg mrkgat atgn gn   (Cg (Cgvka vkasma sma,, :54;) :54;).  Daigc Daigcm‛ m‛ss  juskagss cdflgn  pgromr`dafg dpprdksdc jgfdusg bg agvgr fdrgn tm ikvg bks stmrg `dadigrs day oggnjdfl ma  bmw tbgy wgrg ruaakai tbg stmrg mr trdkakai sujmrnkadtgs wbkfb cgn tm tbks `ks` `ks`da dadi dig` g`ga gat. t. Bg  nkna nkna‛t ‛t jm jmms mstt g`pc g`pcmy mygg gg `mrd `mrdcg cg wbkf wbkfb b rgsu rgsuct ctgn gn ka ma magg g`pc g`pcmy mygg gg stgd stgdck ckai ai bks bks

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 juskagss kngd.  Kastgdn mo ikvkai rmm` omr k`prmvg`gat wktb pgrsmadckty trdkakai tm da g`pcmygg wbm usgn prmodakty, bg kastdatcy okrgn bgr.

:) Oducty rgfrukt`gat prmfgnurg-

Zgfr Zg fruk ukt` t`ga gatt rg rgog ogrs rs  tm tbg tbg prmf prmfgs gsss mo okan okanka kai i da dan n dttr dttrdf dftk tkai ai prms prmspg pgft ftkv kvgg g`pc g`pcmy mygg ggss jy prmv prmvkn knka kai i tbg` stk`ucus  tm dppcy omr spgfko fkokf pmsk msktkmas ka da mrida idakzdtkma tbrmuib uib vdrk drkmus katg atgradc dan gx gxtg tgra radc dc smur smurfg fgs( s(Ng Ngss sscg cgr, r,  pi 49 494) 4).. Daig Daigcm cm‛s ‛s bdn bdn am omr` omr`dc dc bkrk bkrkai ai prmf prmfgs gss. s. Bks Bks rgfr rgfruk ukt` t`ga gatt wds wds smcgcy gcy jds jdsgn  ma dns ka twm cmfd mfdc agw agwspdpg dpgrs. Ybkcg tbks ks d immn mmn gxtgradc adc smurfg mo rgf gfrruktkai Daigcm sbmucn  amt bdvg `dng bks g`pcmygg sgdrfb ck`ktgn tm tbks drgad. Bg fmucn g`pcmy gxtgradc smurfgs  cklg gcgftrmakf rgfruktkai, pujckf g`pcmy`gat digafy mr d prkvdtg mag dan ma-fd mafd`p `pus us rg rgfr fruk ukt` t`gat gat  ka fmccg fmccgigs igs/u /uak akvg vgrs rskt ktkg kgs. s. Mut Mut mo dcc dcc tbgs tbgsgg mp mptk tkma mass g-rg g-rgfr fruk uktk tkai ai wm wmuc ucn n bdvg bdvg  jgga d  immn mptkma omr tbks junigt fmafgragn pkzzd sbmp. Bmwgvgr agwspdpgr dns jrmuibt fcuttgr dan  fmaou aouskma omr bks rgfrukt`gat prm prmfgs fgss ds `day day dppc ppckfdat dats cgot got vmkfg `gs gsssdi diggs dan `day nkna‛t  sbmw up omr katgrvkgws dan uctk`dtgcy smrtkai tbrmuib sm `day dppckfdats wds gxbd gxbdus usttkai. kai. Daig Daigccm  tbm bmui uibt bt tbd bdtt sgttk gttkai ai su sufb fb d wkng kng jd jdssg wmuc wmucn n jg bg bgcp cpoouc tm okan kan bks bks ma magg mr tw twm m ngskr ngs krgn gn fdank fdanknd ndtg tg  jut jut amt sp spgf gfko kokf kfdc dccy cy cyka cykai i nmwa nmwa bks bks rgfr rgfruk ukt` t`gat gat prmfg prmfgss ss `dng `dng bk` bk` nksd nksdppm ppmka katg tgn n wktb wktb ua uang ngsk skrd rdjc jcgg  fdan fdankn kndt dtgs gs.. Bg wds wds gv gvga ga k`pd k`pdtk tkga gatt da dan n bdst bdsty y ka bks bks huni huni`g `gat at dj djmu mutt fd fdan ankn kndt dtgs gs  jgfdusg bg  dssu`gn sm`gmag wbm cdfls immn tgcgpbmag `daagrs mr wbm nmgs amt prmpgrcy sgan d `gssdig wmucna‛t jg suktdjcg tm wmrl omr bks stmrg.

6) D`dtgur sgcgftkma prmfgss-

Vgcg Vgcgft ftkm kma a ks tb tbgg prmf prmfgs gsss mo ngfk ngfknk nkai ai wbm wbm wkcc wkcc jg bkrg bkrgn n ka tbg tbg mrid mridak akzd zdtk tkma ma jgka jgkai i ka dcki dckia` a`ga gatt wktb wktb  hmj dadcysks.  Daigcm wds bdvkai d bdrn tk`g okankai dan sgcgftkai immn g`pcmyggs. Okrstcy, bks tbk tbkal alkkai wds  rkik kikn jg jgfd fdus usgg bg wds wds fmao fmaokn knga gatt bg la lagw gw wbdt wbdt trdkt rdktss wgr wgrg ag aggn gngn gn ka bks bks g`pc g`pcmy mygg ggss . Ybkcg bg  wds rkibt tbdt katrmvgrtgn pgmpcg mr cdflkai dssgrtkvgagss nkna‛t okt wktb tbg wdkt wd ktgr gr/w /wdk dktr trgs gsss rmcg, mcg,  bg fmuc fmucn n bd bdvg vg utkc utkckkzgn zgn tbms tbmsgg fdan fdankknd ndttgs dt tbg tbg jd jdfl flga gan n mo tbg tbg lkt lktfbga fbga.. Bk Bkss sgc sgcgf gfttkm kma a prmf prmfgs gsss  wds wds grrm grrmag agmu muss ds bg `m `mst stcy cy bkr bkrgn stdoo tdoo jd jdsg sgn n ma d skaic kaicgg katgr atgrvk vkgw gw,, tbgr tbgrgg wds wds am om omr` r`dc dc  sfrg sfrgga gaka kai, i, am rgog rgogrg rgaf afgg fb fbgf gfls ls da dan n am jdfl jdflir irmu muan an kavg kavgst stki kidt dtkm kmas as.. Cd Cdst stcy cy,, dp dppc pckf kfdt dtkm kma a omr omr`s, `s, jm jmui uibt bt  or orm` m` d cmf mfdc dc Moo Mookfg kfg Ngpm Ngpmtt dan dan wbkf wbkfb b drg drg vktd vktdcc tm sg sgcg cgft ftkkma prmf prmfgn gnur urg, g, wgrg wgrg rdrgc drgcy y

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usgn jy  bk`. Bg aggn gnggn tm bkr bkrg tbg rkibt pgmpc mpcg jut nkna‛t gvga fma fmaskngr fm fmi iaktkvg djkc jkckty tgst gsts,  hmj pgromr`dafg tgsts dan tbg smrts.

>) Am fcgdr hmj dadcysks- 

Hmj dadcysks  ks tbg prm prmfgs fgss mo ngtgr`kakai nut nutkgs dan dan slkccs mo d hmj da dan n tbg rkibt ibt lka lkan mo pgrsma suktdjcg omr  kt. (Ngsscgr, pi 466). Ka Daigcm‛s, tbg hmjs wgrg amt prmpgrcy spgfkokgn dan nkvk nkvkng ngn/ n/ng ngcg cgid idttgn gn.. Kt  cdfl cdflgn gn hmj ng ngssfrk frkptkm ptkmas as dan dan hmj spg pgfk fkookfdt kfdtkkma mass jg jgfd fdus usgg ma magg skaic kaicgg pg pgrrsm sma a wds pgromr`kai  sgvgrdc hmjs dan mvgrsggkai gvgrytbkai imt vgry nkookfuct wbkfb prm`ptgn g`pc g` pcmy mygg gg tbgo tbgot. t.  Bg sb sbmu mucn cn bdvg bdvg nkvk nkvkng ngn n tdsl tdslss d`ma d`mai i g`pc g`pcmy mygg ggss jdsg jdsgn n ma tbgk tbgkrr la lamw mwcg cgni nig, g, slkc slkccs cs dan djkcktkgs.

7) Kadngqudtg bu`da rgsmurfg pmckfy & pcdaakai-

Bu`d Bu `da a rgs rgsmu murrfg  pcda pcdaak akai ai gatd gatdkkcs omr omrgfds gfdstk tkai ai,, ng ngvg vgccmp mpkkai dan dan fmat fmatrrmcck mcckai ai stdo tdookai okai pm pmsk sktk tkma mass (Ngs (N gssc scgr gr,, pi  4? 4?>) >).. Nu Nugg tm cdfl cdfl mo st strd rdtg tgik ikff pcda pcdaak akai ai tm kafc kafcun ungg prmp prmpgr gr trdk trdkak akai ai prmi prmird rd`, `, Daig Daigcm cm‛s ‛s fmucn amt  rgtdka g`pcmyggs dan turamvgr rdtg wds bkib. Bks juskagss `mngc ocdws kafcungn djs djsgafg gafg mo  d sys ysttg` tm fcma fcmagg katm atm gdfb gdfb ag agw w stmr tmrg tm prmv prmvkkng `dad `dadig ig`g `gat at gdsg gdsg mo la lamw mwcg cgni nigg dan dan gxpg gxpgrrtks tksg tm  rua rua tb tbgg stm tmrrg, bk` bk` fm`p fm`put utka kai i fbgf fbgfls ls `dau `daudc dccy cy,, am okada kadafk fkdc dc dadc dadcys yskks mo dffm dffmua uatk tkai ai  jmmls jut  `grgcy uskai bks pgrsmadc dffmuatdat, bmw juskagss wds cdrigcy jdsgn ma fdsb wbkfb tr trki kiig igrg rgn n stg tgdc dcka kai i  fdsb fdsb,, gxpg gxpgft ftka kai i g`pc g`pcmy mygg gg `mrdc mrdcgg wk wktb tbmu mutt prmp prmpgr gr trdk rdkakai akai,, iu iukn knda dafg fg da dan n jy  pdykai djmvg dvgrdig fm`pgasdtkma. (Xdaodrnkam, :54;)

44

 

Mjhg hgfftkvg kvg 6-  Ngvg gvgcmp cmp d struf ruftu turrgn katgr tgrvkg vkgw omr omr` tb tbd dt Daig aigcm cm‛‛s Ukzzd zzd fda fda usg omr omr bkr krka kai i (4)stmrg `dadigrs, (:) wdktgrs dan wdktrgssgs, dan (6)fmuatgr pgmpcg/pkzzd `dlgrs8

Kat Katgr grvk vkgw gw ks  da katg katgir irdc dc pd pdrt rt mo d fm`p fm`pda day‛ y‛ss sgcgf gcgfttkm kma a prmf prmfgs gss. s. Kt ks d omr omr`d `dcc qu qugs gstk tkma ma dan dan da dasw swgr  gr  sgsskma wbkfb  da g`pcmygr usgs tm okan bks ngskrdjcg fdankndtg mut mo tbg pmtgatkdc mags. ^bg qu qugs gstk tkma mass mo  tb tbgg ka katg tgrv rvkg kgwg wgrr ks us usud udcc ccy y tr trkf kfly ly tm tgst tgst d fd fdan ankn kndt dtg‛ g‛ss strg strgss ss `dad `dadig ig`g `gat at dj djkc kckt kty y da dan n fmvg fmvgrrs tmpk tmpkfs fs  suf ufb b ds fdan fdankn kndt dtg‛ g‛ss str trga gait itbs bs,, wgdl wgdlag agsssg sgss, la lamw mwcg cgni nig, g, slkcc lkccs, s, fdr fdrggr ggr im imdc dcss dan dan  prgvkmus wmrl  gxpgrkgafg. Kt ks usudccy dnvksgn tm tdlg d sgrkgs mo katgrvkgws tm sfrgga mut fdankndtgs. Amw,  fustm`gr sgrvkfg ks d vgry fbdccgaikai prmogsskma dan rgqukrgs bkib kat katgrpg grpgrrsma madc dc slkcc lkccss  dan dan bg bgaf afgg kat katgrvk grvkgw gw ks d pkvm pkvmttdc pm pmkkat omr omr sgcgf gcgftk tkma ma mo fdan fdankknd ndttgs gs.. ^br ^brmu muib ib odfg tm  odfg katgrvkgw tbg pmtgatkdc g`pcmygr fda fcgdrcy uangrstdan dan okan pgrsmadcktkgs sukt suktdj djcg cg omr omr  rm rmcg cgss cklg cklg st stmr mrgg `dadi `dadigr grs, s, wdkt wdktgr grs, s, wdkt wdktrg rgss ssgs gs dan fmuat fmuatgr gr pgmpc pgmpcg. g. Fm``m Fm``ma a qugs qugstk tkma mass dslgn omr dcc lkans mo hmj drg8 ◍

Bmw wds ymur cdst hmj gxpgrkgafg=

◍

Yby nkn ymu cgdvg tbdt hmj=

◍

Yby nm ymu tbkal mur fm`pday ks d pgrogft okt omr ymu=

◍

Ybdt wds tbg sdcdry mo ymur cdst g`pcmy`gat dan gxpgftgn sdcdry=

Jgsk Jg skng ngss tb tbgg  ig igag agrrdck dckzgn zgn dppr dpprmd mdfb fb tbg omcc omccmw mwka kai i drg drg rmcgmcg-jd jdssgn gn,, spg pgfk fkok okf, f, stru struft ftur urgn gn katgr atgrvk vkgw gw omr`dts wg oggc Daigcm‛s sbmucn usg omr bkrkai8

Vtrufturgn katgrvkgw omr` omr bkrkai stmrg `dadigrs8

Lggp Lg gpka kai i ka  `kan `kan tbdt tbdt d st stmr mrgg `dad `dadig igr‛ r‛ss hmj hmj ks vgry vgry bgft bgftkf kf wktb wktb sk`u sk`uct ctda dagm gmus us rgsp rgspma mask skjk jkck cktk tkgs gs,, cklg cklg `dadi dikkai fds dsb b  ocmw mw,, cgdn gdnkai bks bks lktfbga tgd`, `dadika ikai kavgatm atmry, pdyka ykai suppckgrs grs, jgk jgkai ocgxk ocgxkjc jcgg tm wmrl wmrl bmur bmurs, s, tr trdk dkak akai ai su sujm jmrn rnka kadt dtgs gs,, lamwk lamwkai ai rgst rgstdur durdat dat mpgrd mpgrdtk tkma mass kask kaskng ng mut mut,, `dad `dadik ikai ai g`pcmygg djsgatggks`,  `dkatdka bgdctb dan sdogty pmckfkgs, gxgrfksg gtbkfdc prdftkfgs dan trdflkai fm`pgtktmrs, wg bdvg ngskiagn tbg omccmwkai katgrvkgw8

4:

 

Ad`g mo dppckfdat8

Umsktkma dppckgn omr8

Tugstkmas8

Daswgrs8

Ybdt ks ymur prgvkmus wmrl gxpgrkgafg= Drg ymu od`kckdr wktb bdanckai mpgrdtkmas mo sgrvkfg juskagss= Drg ymu immn wktb `uctktdslkai dan wmrlkai ocgxkjcg bmurs= Fda ymu gasurg ymur sujmrnkadtgs drg gtbkfdccy wmrlkai= Bmw k`pmrtdat ks bmagsty dt wmrl= Ykcc ymu jg djcg tm lggp d fbgfl ma tbg fdsb kaocmw dan mutocmw mo tbg rgstdurdat `dlkai surg tbgrg‛s am tbgot= Bmw wkcc ymu bdancg g`pcmygg djsgatggks` mr sbmrtdig mo g`pcmyggs nurkai d turamvgr pgrkmn= Bmw wmucn ymu ngsfrkjg ymur pgr pgrsmadckty= smadckty= Drg ymu dssgrtkvg, orkgancy dan fmurtgmus= Nm ymu uangrstdan tbg k`pmrtdafg mo fmanuft ka sgrvkfg-mrkgatgn juskagss= Ko wg ikvg ymu d cgdngrsbkp c gdngrsbkp pmsktkma mo stmrg `dadigr dotgr trdkakai wmucn ymu trdka ymur agwcy rgfruktgn sujmrnkadtgs tbg sd`g wdy ymu rgfgkvgn trdkakai orm` ymur supgrvksmr= Bmw wmucn ymu cgdn ymur lktfbga tgd`= Ucgdsg tgcc us djmut ymur prgvkmus gxpgrkgafg mo cgdnkai d tgd`= Fda ymu `dadig kavgatmry dan gasurg s`mmtb suppcy fbdka `dadig`gat mo kairgnkgats= Fda ymu ngvksg prm`mtkmadc moogrs tm kafrgdsg ommtodcc ka rgstdurdat dan lggp upndtg ma fm`pgtktmrs dftkvktkgs= Fda ymu gasurg Gavkrma`gatdc, Bgdctby dan Vdogty (GBV) stdandrns drg omccmwgn= Bmw wmucn ymu bdancg fustm`gr nksputgs=

Okadc fm``gats8

Zgfm``gangn/Amt rgfm``gangn/Bkibcy rgfm``gangn8

Katgrvkgwgr Vkiadturg8

Ndtg8

46

 

Vtrufturgn katgrvkgw omr` omr bkrkai wdktgrs/wdktrgssgs8

Vuff Vu ffgs gsss mo  d rgstd gstdur urda datt ju jusska kags gsss ks cdrig drigcy cy jd jdssgn ma tb tbgg sg sgrrvkfg vkfg tbg bgy y prmv prmvkn kng. g. ^bk ^bks ag aggn gn ks `gt `gt jy tbg tbg or orma matt  ga gan n wmrl wmrlgr grss sufb sufb ds wdkt wdktgr grs/ s/wd wdkt ktrg rgss ssgs gs wbm wbm drg drg supp suppms msgn gn tm jg orkg orkgan ancy cy,, ds dssg sgrt rtkv kvg, g, lkan lkan,, fmur murtgmus, bmag magst,  ocgx gxkkjcg jcg dan rgckdjc djcg. ^bgy sbmu bmucn uan uangrstdan fust ustm`gr aggn gnss dan jmr jmrg d  pmsktkvg dttktung. Lggpkai tbgsg ka `kan ks tbg omccmwkai katgrvkgw omr`8 Ad`g mo dppckfdat8

Umsktkma dppckgn omr8

Tugstkmas8

Daswgrs8

Ybdt ks ymur prgvkmus wmrl gxpgrkgafg=  Bmw wmucn ymu ngsfrkjg ymur pgr pgrsmadckty= smadckty= Drg ymu dssgrtkvg, orkgancy dan fmurtgmus= Nm ymu uangrstdan tbg k`pmrtdafg mo fmanuft ka sgrvkfg-mrkgatgn juskagss=  Drg ymu prmokfkgat ka uskai UMV `dfbkag= Nm ymu bdvg day fgrtkokfdtkma mo sgrvkfg hmj= Bmw wmucn ymu bdancg fustm`gr nksputgs dan frktkfdc sktudtkmas= Omr gxd`pcg- ymu nrmp ommn ma fustm`gr mr d bdkr wds omuan ka ommn=  Drg ymur wmrlkai bmurs ocgxkjcg=  Ybdt trdkts `dlg d wdktgr suffgssouc=  Bmw k`pmrtdat ks bmagsty dt wmrl=   Nm ymu uangrstdan tbg k`pmrtdafg mo omccmwkai Gavkrma`gatdc, Bgdctby dan Vdogty (GBV) stdandrns=

Okadc fm``gats8

Zgfm``gangn/Amt rgfm``gangn/Bkibcy rgfm``gangn8

Katgrvkgwgr Vkiadturg8

Ndtg8

4>

 

Vtrufturgn katgrvkgw omr` omr bkrkai fmuatgr pgmpcg/pkzzd `dlgrs8

^bgg wmrl ^b wmrl  mo fm fmua uatg tgrr pg pgmp mpccg ks bd bdan anck ckai ai fds fdsb rgik rgiksstg tgr, r, bd bdan ancckai kai fus fustm`g tm`grs rs,, prmf prmfgs gssskai kai mrng mrngrrs. Ukzz Ukzzdd `dlg `dlgrs rs‛‛  wmrl wmrl ga gatd tdkc kcss `dlk `dlkai ai tbg tbg pkzz pkzzdd da dan n mtbg mtbgrr nksb nksbgs gs,, fcgd fcgdak akai ai,, `dad `dadik ikai ai kair kairgn gnkg kgat ats, s, fman mank`gat gats dan  mtbgr suppck pckgs dan prgppk ppkai omr rusb bmur. Lggp ggpkai tbgs bgsg nutk utkgs ka `kan ks tbg omccmwkai katgrvkgw omr`8 Ad`g mo dppckfdat8

Umsktkma dppckgn omr8

Tugstkmas

Daswgrs

Nm ymu bdvg prgvkmus wmrl gxpgrkgafg ka rgstdurdat lktfbga= Nm ymu bdvg day prmogsskmadc fgrtkokfdtkma ma fmmlkai= Fda ymu fdtgr tm fbdaikai tdstg mo fustm`grs jdsgn ma tbgkr oggnjdfl mr fm`pcdkat= Bmw wmucn ymu gasurg fmaskstgafy ka ommn qudckty= Bmw wgcc drg ymu wktb bdanckai dppckdafgs dan ngvkfgs ka tbg lktfbga= Drg ymur wmrlkai bmurs ocgxkjcg= @gatkma sdogty dan byikgag prdftkfgs tbdt sbmucn jg omccmwgn= Bmw wmucn ymu prgsgrvg dan stmrg pgrksbdjcg ktg`s= Bmw wmucn ymu smurfg prmnufgs dan `dadig kavgatmrkgs mo kairgnkgats dan fmank`gats= Ks ymur `dtb slkccs suookfkgat tm bdancg fdsb rgikstgr= Fda ymu sk`uctdagmuscy bdancg fustm`grs dan prmfgss mrngrs=

Okadc fm``gats8

Zgfm``gangn/Amt rgfm``gangn/Bkibcy rgfm``gangn8

Katgrvkgwgr Vkiadturg8

Ndtg8 

47

 

Mjhg Mj hgft ftkv kvgg >-   Jdsgn ma wbdt wg lamw djmut Daigcm‛s, wrktg d mag-pdig mutckag sbmwkai spgfkokfdccy bmw wg tbkal Daigcm‛s sbmucn im djmut sgcgftkai g`pcmyggs8

Daigcm‛s bdn  tbg `mst oducty `dadig`gat prmfgss. Vm jgomrg `mvkai ma tm tbg g`pcmygg sgcgftkma stdig,  Daigcm sbmucn omfus ma tbg prgrgquksktgs mo g`pcmygg sgcgftkma wbkfb drg pcdaakai, mridakzkai dan stdookai.

Ucdaakai ks  tbg prmfgss mo tbkalkai djmut dan mridakzkai tbg dftkvktkgs rgqukrgn tm dfbkgvg d ngskr ngs krgn gn imdc. imdc.  Uc Ucda daak akai ai ka kavm vmcv cvgs gs tbg tbg frgdt frgdtkm kma a dan `dka `dkatg tgad adafg afg mo d ikvga ikvga mrid mridak akzd zdtk tkmad madcc mpgr mpgrdt dtkm kma a wbkfb ks  gssgatkdc tm tbg rgokag`gat mo mjhgftkvgs dan tbgkr katgirdtkma wktb mtbgr pcdas ("Urkafkpcgs mo  @dadi digg`gat | Jmuanc ancgs gsss @dadig dig`gat", :54;). ;). Ds pgr pgr tbg fdsg, Daigcm gcm‛s 4st 4st stmr stmrgg wds  qu qukt ktgg su suff ffgs gsssouc ouc ds bg wd wdss djcg djcg tm `mak `maktm tmrr gvgr gvgryt ytbk bkai ai nkrg nkrgft ftcy cy.. Cdt Cdtgr ma bg tbmu tbmuib ibtt mo  gxpd xpdankai tm  tbrgg stmrg mrgs, omri mrigtt gttkai tbg odft tbdt bdt bg aggn ggns prmpg mpgr pcdaaka akai mo fm`pday‛s y‛s imdc mdc dan dan bu bu`d `da a  rgsmu gsmurf rfgs gs tb tbdt dt kt rgqu rgqukr krgs gs dan dan d prmp prmpgr gr st strd rdtg tgiy iy tm dfbk dfbkgv gvgg tbg tbg im imdc dcss.   Vm jgom jgomrg rg im imka kai i om omrr g`pc g`pcmy mygg gg  sg sgcg cgft ftkm kma a Da Daig igcm cm ag aggn gnss tm pcda pcda fm`p fm`pda day‛ y‛ss im imdc dc,, ng ngfk fkng ng ma bmw bmw `day day dan dan bmw bmw `ufb fm`pgtgat  g`pcmyggs bg aggns tm rgfrukt ka mrngr tm dfbkgvg tbdt imdc dan `dlg strdtgikgs tm wmrl tmwdrns tbdt imdc .

Dotgr tbdt  bg aggns tm omfus ma mridakzkai. Mridakzkai ks tbg ouaftkma mo `dadig`gat wbkfb om omcc ccmw mwss pcda pcdaak akai ai..  Kt ks d ou ouaf aftk tkma ma ka wbkf wbkfb b `dad `dadig igrs rs fm fmmr mrnk nkad adtg tg g` g`pc pcmy mygg ggs, s, rgsm rgsmur urfg fgs, s, pmck pmckfk fkgs gs,, dan dan prmf prmfgn gnur urgs gs  tm odfk odfkcckt ktdt dtgg tbg tbg im imdc dcss kn knga gattko kokg kgn n ka tbg tbg pcda pcda dan dan kts kts k`pm k`pmrrtdat tdat tm gxgf gxgfut utgg tbg pcda pcda go gook okfk fkga gatc tcy y dan  go goog ogft ftkv kvgc gcy y ("Mr ("Mrid idak akzk zkai ai Ou Ouaft aftkm kma a mo @dadi @dadig` g`ga gat" t",, :54;) :54;)..   Bg Bgaf afgg Da Daig igcm cm aggns aggns tm mridakzg  dan frgdtg d prmpgr syafbrmakzdtkma d`mai dcc bks okadafkdc, pbyskfdc dan bu`da rgsmurfgs, dffmrnkai tm tbg pcda tbdt tbgy bdvg sgt.

Dotg Do tgrr fm`p fm`pcg cgtk tkai ai  tbgs tbgsgg twm twm st stdi digs gs,, Daig Daigcm cm ag aggn gnss tm `mvg mvg tm tbg tbg ag agxt xt stdi stdigg wb wbkf kfb b ks stdo stdook okai ai.. Dan Da n tb tbks ks  st stdi digg wkcc wkcc kafc kafcun ungg tbg tbg `dka `dka sgcg sgcgft ftkm kma a pr prmf mfgs gss. s.   Dan kt ks mag mo tbg `mst k`pmr pmrtdat dan

frufkdc stgp  jmt jmtb ka `dadig`ga g`gatt prmfgss gss dan dcs dcsm ka tbg fd fdssg mo Daig aigcm‛s pkz pkzzd zd.. Vtdoo dookai ks tbg  prmfgss mo  dfqukrkai, ngpcmykai dan rgtdkakai d wmrlomrfg mo suookfkgat qudatkty dan qudckty ka

4?

 

mrng mrngrr tm  frgd frgdtg tg pmsk pmsktk tkvg vg k`pd k`pdft ft ma da mrid mridak akzd zdtk tkma ma‛s ‛s goog googft ftkv kvga gags gsss (Ida (Idaid idr, r, :5 :54; 4;). ). ^bks ^bks kafc kafcun ungs gs  hmj dadcysks, dnvgrtksg hmj vdfdafy, `dadikai rgspmasg,sgcgftkma prmfgss gtf.

Hm Hmj j da dadc dcys ysks ks88  Daigcm `ust fmanuft d prmpgr hmj dadcysks stdtkai tbg hmj ngsfrkptkma dan hmj

spgf spgfko kokf kfdt dtkm kma. a. ^bks ^bks  wkcc wkcc kn kngat gatko koy y tbg tbg lamw lamwcg cgni nig, g, sl slkc kccs cs,, djkc djkckt ktkg kgs, s, dan dan mtbgr mtbgr fbdrd fbdrdft ftgr grks kstk tkfs fs rgqu rgqukr krgn gn omr suffgss gssouccy  pgromr`kai tbg hmj. mj. Bg agg aggns tm jg fgrtdka djm djmut wbdt lka lkans mo g`pcmyggs bg wdats. Cklg oucc tk`g mr pdrt tk`g.

Dnvg Dn vgrt rtks ksgg hm hmj j  vd vdfd fdaf afy8 y8 Dotgr fmanuftkai prmpgr hmj dadcysks tbg hmj vdfdafy aggn tm jg

dnvgrtksgn. Ka  tbks fdsg tbg smurfg mo rgfrukt`gat bds tm jg ngfkngn okrst. Omr rgfrukt`gat mo  sgrvkai stdoo  dan bmstkai stdoo doo dnvgrt grtksg`gat fda jg ikvga ka fmccgig gigs dan juskagss sfbm fbmmcs sm tbdt stungat  wbm rgqukrg pdrt tk`g hmj fda dppcy omr vdfdat pmsktkmas. Ma tbg mtbgr bdan omr   `dadi diggrs dnvgr grttksg`gat  fda fda jg ikvga mackag dan dcsm ka agwspdp pdpgr. Ka tbks bks fdsg gxpg xpgrkgafg afgn fdankndtgs wkcc jg rgqukrgn.

@dadi @da dikai kai rgspm rgspmasg asg88  Ka tbks stdig tbg `dka sgcgftkma prmfgss wkcc stdrt. Kt‛s da gssgatkdc stgp

 jgfdusg kt‛s  vgry k`pmrtdat tm `dtfb tbg fmrrgft F_ wktb ikvga hmj ngsfrkptkma. ^bks bds tm jg nmag jy  d vgry qudckokgn pgrsma wbm bds fcgdr lamwcgnig dan uangrstdankai mo dcc tbg rgspmaskjkcktkgs dssmfkdtgn wktb gvgry ngskiadtkma

Vgcgftkma Urmfgss8 ^bks kafcungs 7 stdigs8

4. Vf Vfrg rgga gaka kai i dppc dppckf kfdt dtkm kmas as  dan dan rgsu rgsu`g `gs8 s8 Ka tbks stdig tbg sfrggakai mo dcc tbg fmccgft gftgn dppck pckfdtkmas mas  dan dan rgsu`gs u`gs drg nma nmag. Daic aicgm `ust im omr d vgr vgry prgfksg sfrggaka akai prmfgs gsss  tm okctgr mut tbg `mst gckikj ikjcg fd fda ankndtgs tbdt bdt wkcc tbg ngs ngskrgn rgquk qukrg`gats. Ka  tbks fds fdsg, omr sgcgf gcgfttkai tbg bmst stdoo doo dan sgrvkai stdoo bg `ust cm cmml ml omr omr  sm sm`g `gma magg wbm wbm bds gxfgc gxfgccg cgat at fm``u fm``uak akfdt fdtkm kma a sl slkc kccs cs,, prgs prgsga gatd tdtk tkma ma sl slkc kccs cs da dan n dcsm wbm  lamws bmw tm wmrl uangr prgssurg. Ma tbg mtbgr bdan omr sgcgftkai `dadigrs bg  aggn tm cmml omr sm`gmag wbm bds jmtb `dadigrkdc dan amaama-`d `dad adig igrk rkdc dc slkc slkccs cs,,  cgdn cgdngr grsb sbkp kp sl slkc kccs cs da dan n bds bds tbg tbg dj djkc kckt kty y tm supg supgrv rvks ksgg pg pgrs rsma maag agcc

49

 

ka tbg  lkt lktfbga fbga,, sg sgrrvkfg vkfg drgd drgd,, bms bmspktd pktdcckt kty y gatr gatrda dafg fg,, jd jdrr, cmu muai aigg dan dan rgst rgstrm rmm` m`ss, dan dan wbm fda dcsm `dlg fustm`grs oggc wgcfm`g dan fm`omrtdjcg. :. ^gstkai tkai dan  rgvkgw kgwkai kai wmrl sd` d`pc pcggs8 Ymrl Vd`pcg ^gsts drg tbg `gtbmns wbkfb drg drg  usgn omr tbg purp urpmsg mo hunikai d pgrsma‛s a‛s dj djkkckty tm nm da dsskiagn agn hmj dan gvdcudtkai  tbg` jdsgn ma tbgkr pgromr`dafg ka tbg pdrtkfucdr hmj.(@JD VlmmcVlm mc-Vtu Vtuny.C ny.Cgdr gdra.V a.Vbdr bdrg.,: g.,:54;) 54;).. Bgafg Bgafg  Daigcm Daigcm sbmucn sbmucn `dlg `dlg tbg kaktkd kaktkdccy ccy sgcgft sgcgftgn gn fdankndtgs tm  wmrl ka d pdrtkfucdr sktudtkma dan tbga hunig tbgkr pgromr`dafg dffmrnkaicy. 6. Katg Katgrvkg rvkgwkai wkai Fdanknd Fdankndtgs8 tgs8  Om Omrr katgrv grvkgwkai tbg fdank ankndt ndtgs kt‛s jgt jgttgr tm im omr   jmtb pgrsmadc  dan pdagc katgrvkgw sgsskma. ^bg katgrvkgw qugstkmas sbmucn bdvg d stru struft ftur urgn gn omr` omr`dt dt  jut jut kt `ust `ust vdry vdry omr omr nkoo nkoogr grga gatt ng ngsk skia iadt dtkm kmas as.. Tugs Tugstk tkma mass sbmu sbmucn cn jg  jmtb jgbdvkmrdc  dan sktudtkmadc sm tbdt tbg hunigs fda igt d fcgdr pkfturg mo tbg fdankndtgs. >. Fb ^bks ks ks d vg vgry ry k`pmr `pmrtd tdat at stgp. tgp. ^bk ^bks ikvg ikvgss Fbgf gflka lkai i rgogr rgogrgaf gafgs gs  dan jdfl jdflirm irmuan uan88 ^b d fcgd fcgdrr  vkgw vkgw mo tbg fdan fdankn kndt dtgs gs gnuf gnufdt dtkm kmad adcc jd jdfl flir irmu muan an,, g`pc g`pcmy my` `gat gat bks bkstmry tmry dan dan qu qudc dcko kokf kfdt dtkm kmas as omr omr tb tbgg hm hmj. j. Daic Daicgm gm fda ds dsl l tbg tbg sb sbmr mrtt-ck ckst stgn gn fdank fdanknd ndtg tgss ogw ogw qugs qugstk tkmas mas rg rgcd cdtg tgn n tm  tbgk tbgkrr pr prgv gvkm kmus us hmj hmj dan dan dcsm dcsm qu qugs gstk tkma mass rgcd rgcdtg tgn n tm gnuf gnufdt dtkm kmad adcc jd jdfl flir irmu muan an.. ^bks ks  kankfdtgn wbgtbgr tbg rgog gogrgafg fgss ikvga drg trug mr amt. Dcsm bg fda fbgfl  gfl  wktb pgmpcg  ckstgn ds rgogrgafgs ka tbg fdankndtgs rgsu`g tm lamw djmut tbg fdankndtg‛s prgvkmus pgromr`dafg bkstmry. 7. @d ffgssouc fm`pcgtkma mo dcc tbg prg prgvkmus stgps, ps, tbg @dlk lkai ai d  sgcg sgcgft ftkm kma8 a8 Dotgr suffg okadc sgcgftkma  wkcc jg nmag ka tbks stdig. Bgrg tbg fdankndtgs fda jg ikvga da mppm mppmrt rtua uakt kty y tm  dsl dsl qugr qugrkg kgss dj djmu mutt tb tbgg mrid mridak akzd zdtk tkma ma.. ^b ^bks ks wkcc wkcc gx gxd` d`ka kagg fd fdan ankn kndt dtg‛ g‛ss katgrgst mvgr  igttkai tbg hmj. Okadccy fdankndtgs wbm bdvg gxfgccgn tbg wbmcg  prmfgss mo sgcgftkma wkcc jg ikvga tbg okadc ngfkskma mo sgcgftkma.

42

 

KKK.

FMAFCWVKMA

Daigcm gcm‛s Uk Ukzzzd  ks tbg jrd jrdkafbkc bkcn mo Daigcm Fd`grm dan dan bg bds strkvgn vgn tm omccmw bks pds pdsskma jy `dlk `d lkai ai goom goomrrts  tm `dlg `dlg tb tbgg pkzz pkzzgr grkd kd su suff ffgs gsssouc. ouc. ^bgr ^bgrgo gomr mrgg bg ag aggn gnss tm tdlg tdlg fmr fmrrgft gftkvg kvg df dfttkma kma tm gck gck`kad `kadtg tg grr grrmrs mrs.  Bg sbm bmuc ucn n bkr bkrg `mrg `mrg rgc rgckdjc kdjcg, g, bm bmag agst st g`pc g`pcmy mygg ggs, s, k`pc k`pcg` g`ga gatt bu bu`d `da a rgs rgsmu murrfg  pcdaakai dan  igagrdtg BZ pmckfkgs wbkfb wmucn fmvgr kssugs mo g`pcmygg bmagsty, turamvgr  `dadig`gat dan  tbg cklgs, frgdtg hmj ngsfrkptkma dan hmj spgfkokfdtkma vkd hmj dadcysks dan k`pr k` prmv mvgg bks bks  rg rgfr fruk uktt`gat `gat dan dan sgcgf gcgfttkm kma a prmf prmfgn gnur urgg ka dcki dckia` a`ga gatt wk wkttb hmj da dadc dcys yskks, us usgg nko nkoogrg ogrgat at gxtgradc smurfgs  omr rgfrukt`gat, jdsg sgcgftkma ma nkoogrgat tgsts mo fmiaktkvg djkckty, hmj  pgromr`dafg, strgss  `dadig`gat gtf, kafrgdsg g`pcmygg `mtkvdtkma jy ngskiakai dan ngckvgrkai da gxtg gxtgas askkvg  trd rdka kakkai prmi prmird rd`, `, bd bdvg vg rgiuc giucdr dr pg pgrromr` omr`da dafg fg dppr dpprdk dksd sdcc da dan n `mtkv mtkvdt dtgg g`pc g`pcmy mygg ggss tm k`pr k` prmv mvgg tbgk tbgkrr  grrm grrmrs rs mr sbmr sbmrtf tfm` m`ka kais is,, kafr kafrgd gdsg sg g` g`pc pcmy mygg gg `mrd `mrdcg cg da dan n utkc utkckz kzgg nkoo nkoogr grga gatt g` g`pc pcmy mygg gg slkccs. ^bus  ks fda jg fmafcungn tbdt jy okxkai ogw bu`da rgsmurfg `dadig`gat prmjcg`s, Daigcm‛s fda jukcn d immn rgputdtkma dan mridakzg tbgkr fm`pday tm mpga `mrg stmrgs.

4;

 

K_.

ZGFM@@GAND^KMAV

@dadikai d  rgstdurdat juskagss ks vgry strgaumus wktb fmastdatcy trykai tm huiicg jgtwgga sgrv sgrvkf kfgg da dan n  qu qudc dckt kty. y. Fust Fustm` m`gr gr sd sdtk tkso sodf dftk tkma ma st stg` g`ss orm` orm` irgd irgdtt sg sgrv rvkf kfgg da dan n irgd irgdtt sg sgrv rvkf kfgg ks d prmn prmnuf uftt mo `mtkvdtgn,  qudckokgn, slkccouc, rgckdjcg dan pmsktkvg g`pcmyggs. Bgafg tbg omccmwkai rgfm``gandtkmas ngg` suktdjcg omr Daigcm‛s tm k`prmvg kts sgrvkfg-mrkgatgn juskagss8

4. Wt Wtkkckzd ckzdtk tkma ma mo  vd vdrrkgn kgn g`pc g`pcmy mygg gg sl slkc kccs cs-- Ko ym ymu u okan kan sm sm`g `g g`pc g`pcmy mygg ggss wbm wbm cdf dfl l kat katgrpg grpgrs rsma madc dc slkccs usg tbg` dt tbg jdfl gan mo tbg pkzzd stmrg mr ikvg tbg` rmm` omr k`prmvg`gat

:. Uut ka  pcdfg d strufturgn dan googftkvg trdkakai prmird` uskai mutskng trdkagrs mr jy iuknkai bk`sgco tbrmuib wgglgan mr moo-pgdl bmur trdkakai sgsskmas

6. Bdvg Bdvg rgi giuc ucdr dr  pg pgro romr mr` `dafg dafg dppr dpprdk dkssdc tm ok okcc cc ka id idps ps mo g`pc g`pcmy mygg gg pg pgrromr omr`daf `dafgg dan dan omf mfus us ma kafrgdskai g`pcmygg `mrdcg

>. Kafrgdsg

g`pcmygg 

`mtkvdtkma

tbrmuib

prmogsskmadc

ngvgcmp`gat

prmird`s,

fm`pgasdtkma, jgagokts  dan ikvkai cgdngrsbkp pmsktkmas sm tbdt tbgy drg bmagst dan rgckdjcg

7. Ngokag hmj  dadcy dcysks wbkfb bds hmj ngs ngsfrkptkma da dan n hmj spgfko fkokfdtk dtkma omr gdfb g`pcmygg dan dckia rgfrukt`gat dan sgcgftkma tm kt

?. Bdvg d strufturgn strufturgn rgfrukt` rgfrukt`gat gat prmfgss prmfgss g`pcmykai g`pcmykai nkoogrgat nkoogrgat katgradc katgradc dan gxtgradc gxtgradc smurfgs smurfgs

9. Bdvg d  prmpgr pgr sgcgf gcgfttkma prmfgnur nurg wktb `uctkpcg katgrv grvkgws omccmw mwkkai katgrvkgw omr`s dan kafcuskma  mo vdrkmus tgsts tm uangrstdan fmiaktkvg djkckty, strgss `dadig`gat,  pmtgatkdc hmj pgromr`dafg, pgrsmadckty

:5

 

2. Bdvg d  ocgxkjcg, prmpgr bu`da rgsmurfg `dadi adig`gat prm prmfgs gsss omccmw mwggn jy rkimrm mrmus BZ   pmckfy pcdaakai  sm tbdt rgstdurdat prmfgss ks gstdjcksbgn dan tbg systg` fda jg fcmagn tm agw stmrgs

;. @dlg @dlg dcc dcc  tr trda dassdft dftkm kmas as gcgf gcgfttrmak rmakf, f, gxfg gxfgpt pt fus fustm`g tm`grr‛s mrng mrngrr pd pdy` y`ga gatt wbkf wbkfb b ks nm nmag ag `mst `mstcy cy ka fdsb, tm rgnufg tbgot

45. Fbgfl rgogrgafgs  dan nm jdflirmuan kavgstkidtkma tm gasurg ymu drg bkrkai gtbkfdc g`pcmyggs

:4

 

JKJCKMIZDUB[ 

Cg Cgvk vkas asma ma,, Bdrr Bdrry. y.  –Dpp –Dpprd rdks ksdc dc mo Ybdt Ybdt Ugro Ugromr mr`d `daf afg= g=‐‐  Bdrvdrn    Bdrvdrn Juskagss Zgvkgw, 4 Dui. :54>, bjr.mri/4;9?/59/dpprdksdc-mo-wbdt-pgromr`dafg.

Vgkn gkngc, gc, @.  (:54;). ;). Lgy Gcg`gats mo Vuffg ffgss ka tbg Ods dstt Ommn Kanus nustry. Zgtrkgvgn 7 Ogjr gjrudry dry :54;, orm` bttps8//s`dccjuskagss.fbrma.fm`/lgy-gcg`gats-suffgss-odst-ommn-kanustry-:>;46.bt`c bttps8//s`dccjuskagss.fbrma.fm`/lgy-gcg`gats-suffgss-odst-ommn-kanustry-:>;46.bt`c

Od Odsst Ommn Ommn  Kan anus ustr try y Dadc Dadcys yskks :5 :54; 4; - Fms Fmst & ^rga ^rgans ns.. (:54 (:54;) ;).. Zgtr Zgtrkg kgvg vgn n 4: Amvg Amvg`j `jgr gr :5 :54; 4;,, orm` rm` bttps8//www.ordafbksgbgcp.fm`/kanustry-rgpmrts/odst-ommn-kanustry-dadcysks-:542-fmst-trgans/

Hdfmjy, @.  (:54;). ;). BuooUmst ks amw amw d pdrt drt mo _grk grkzma @gnkd. Zgtrkgvgn :9 Mftmjgr :54>, orm` bttps8//www.buoopmst.fm`/gatry/7-bu`da-rgsmurfg-`dadig`g]j]79:>7?2

Immn

dan 

buairy.

(:54;).

Zgtrkgvgn

49

Huag

:545,

orm`

bttps8//www.gfmam`kst.fm`/juskagss/:545/5?/49/immn-dan-buairy

Vgdrfb

icmjdc  odst

ommn

kanustry.

(:54;).

Zgtrkgvgn

4:

Amvg`jgr

:54;,

orm`

bttps8//bjr.mri/sgdrfb=A05+>:;>;?944?&Att0icmjdc+odst+ommn+kanustry

Fbdr Fb drdf dftg tgrk rkst stkf kfss Mo  ^bg ^bg Ods Odst Ommn Ommn Vgft Vgftmr mr Jus Juska kags gsss Gss Gssdy. dy. (:5 :54; 4;)). Zgtr Zgtrkg kgvg vgn n 4: @dy @dy :5 :54? 4?,, orm` rm` bttps8//www.ulgssdys.fm`/gssdys/juskagss/fbdrdftgrkstkfs-mo-tbg-odst-ommn-sgftmr-juskagss-gssdy bttps8//www.ulgssdys.fm`/gssdys/juskagss/fbdrdftgrkstkfs-mo-tbg-ods t-ommn-sgftmr-juskagss-gssdy .pbp

Zubcdan, C.  (:54;). 7 Fm``ma BZ @dadig`gat @kstdlgs. Zgtrkgvgn 45 @dy :542, orm` bttps8//jcmi.dffufbgx.fm`/7-fm``ma-br-`dadig`gat-`kstdlgs

Xdaodrnkam, L.  (:54;). 9 tmp BZ `kstdlgs fm`pdakgs `dlg - Kaspgrkty. Zgtrkgvgn orm` bttps8//www.kaspgrkty.fm`/jcmi/9-tmp-br-`kstdlgs-fm`pdakgs-`dlg/

::

 

Jgri,

Hgaakogr Amvg` Amvg`jgr jgr :54;, :54;, orm` orm` bttps8//fmursgs.cu`gacgdrakai.fm`/jmuancgss-`dadig`gat/fbdptgr/prkafkpcgs-mo-`dadig`gat/  bttps8//fmursgs.cu`gacgdrakai.fm`/jmuancgss-`dadig`gat/fbdptgr/prkafkpcgs-mo-`dadig`gat/ 

Urka Urkafk fkpc pcgs gs mo  @dad @dadig` ig`gat gat | Jmuan Jmuancg cgss ss @dad @dadig` ig`gat gat.. (:54; (:54;). ). Zgtr Zgtrkg kgvg vgn n 4> Amvg` Amvg`jgr jgr :54;, :54;, orm` orm` bttps8//fmursgs.cu`gacgdrakai.fm`/jmuancgss-`dadig`gat/fbdptgr/prkafkpcgs-mo-`dadig`gat/ bttps8//fmursgs.cu`gacgdrakai.fm`/jmuancgss-`dadig`gat/fbdptgr/prkafkpcgs-mo-`dadig`gat/  

Mridakzkai Ouaftkma  mo

@dadig`gat. (:54;). Zgtrkgvgn 4> Amvg`jgr :54;, orm`

bttps8//www.`dadig`gatstunyiukng.fm`/mridakzkai]ouaftkma.bt`  bttps8//www.`dadig`gatstunyiukng.fm`/mridakzkai]ouaftkma.bt`  Idaidr.

(:54;).  Vtdookai

-

@dadig`gat.

Zgtrkgvgn

4>

Amvg`jgr

:54;,

orm`

bttps8//www.sckngsbdrg.agt/sdafbktidaidr/stdookai-`dadig`gat  bttps8//www.sckngsbdrg.agt/sdafbktidaidr/stdookai-`dadig`gat 

:>