Anatomy

Anatomy Quick and Essential Reviewer Moore/ Snell/ Kaplan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

BACK Exaggerated over-curvature of thoracic area of vertebral column Lateral deviation of vertebral column Major feature of cervical vertebrae Vertebra located at level of iliac crest Ligament that connects internal surface of laminae of vertebrae Ligament that checks hyperextension of vertebral column Ligament affected by whiplash injury Ligament which limits skull rotation Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in cervical area Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in lumbar area

11. 12.

Common direction of all superior articular facets of vertebrae Structure in contact with posterior surface of dens

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Most commonly herniated intervertebral disc Most common nerve compressed with herniated intervertebral disc Spinal nerve affected by protrusion of the disc between C5/6 Thoracic intercostal space located deep to triangle of auscultation Vertebral level of lumbar puncture Innervation of suboccipital muscles Roof of suboccipital triangle Floor of suboccipital triangle

21. 22. 23. 24.

Major vessel within suboccipital triangle Synonym for dorsal ramus of C2 Inferior extent of dura-arachnoid sac Inferior extent of spinal cord

Kyphosis Scoliosis Transverse foramina L4 Ligamentum flavum Anterior longitudinal Anterior longitudinal Alar Pedicle Pars interarticularis, Lamina Posterior Transverse ligament of atlas (part of cruciate) L4-5 L5 C6 sixth L4 Suboccipital nerve Semispinalis capitis Posterior arch of atlas; posterior atlanto-occipital membrane Vertebral artery Greater occipital nerve SV2 LV2

25.

Location of internal vertebral plexus

Epidural space

UPPER LIMB Most frequently fractured bone of body Most frequently dislocated carpal bone Most frequently fracture carpal bone Name of fracture of distal radius that produces “dinner fork” appearance Nerve injured with fracture of surgical neck of humerus Nerve injured with fracture of medial humeral epicondyle Nerve injured with fracture of shaft of humerus Nerve injured in wrist drop Muscle that is chief flexor and chief extensor at shoulder joint Muscles innervated by axillary nerve Muscle that initiates abduction of arm Most commonly torn tendon of rotator cuff

Clavicle Lunate Scaphoid Colleʼs fracture Axillary Ulnar Radial Radial Deltoid Deltoid and teres minor Supraspinatus Supraspinatus

26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.

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June 26- July 10, 2014

38. Two muscles that rotate scapula for full abduction of arm 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44.

Trapezius and serratus anterior Long head of biceps Biceps brachii Long thoracic nerve C5 and C6 C8 and T1 C6

Tendon that courses through shoulder joint Chief supinator muscle of hand Injury to what nerve causes winged scapula Spinal levels of axillary nerve Spinal levels to muscles of the hand Dermatome of thumb

45. Nerve to thenar compartment

Recurrent branch of 1

46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

Innervation of adductor pollicis Innervation to all interosseous muscles Region affected by upper trunk injury of brachial plexus Region affected by lower trunk injury of brachial plexus Nerve compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome Nerve affected by cubital tunnel syndrome

52. Paralysis of which muscles results in total “claw” hand

Median Ulnar (deep br.) Ulnar (deep br.) Shoulder Intrinsic hand muscles Median Ulnar Lumbricals

LOWER LIMB 53. Boundaries of femoral triangle 54. Structure immediately lateral to femoral sheath 55. Structure immediately medial to femoral artery in femoral sheath 56. Contents of femoral canal 57. Medial boundary of femoral ring 58. Structures that course throughout entire length of adductor canal 59. Structures that course through only portion of adductor canal

60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66.

Muscle that forms floor of popliteal fossa Muscle that is chief flexor at hip joint Muscle that prevents pelvis from tilting when walking Muscle that extends leg Muscle that unlocks knee joint Muscle affected with “foot slap” Chief invertors of foot

67. 68. 69. 70. 71.

Chief evertors of foot Ligament that checks backward displacement of femur on tibia Ligament laxity with positive valgus maneuver Most commonly injured ankle ligament Ligament stretched with “flat foot”

72. Joints for movements of inversion and eversion

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Inguinal ligament, sartorius and adductor longus Femoral nerve Femoral vein Deep inguinal lymph nodes Lacunar ligament Femoral artery and vein Saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis, descending genicular vessels Popliteus Iliopsoas Gluteus medius Quadriceps femoris Popliteus Tibialis anterior Tibialis anterior and posterior Fibularis longus and brevis Anterior cruciate Medial collateral Anterior talofibular Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) Subtalar and transverse

June 26- July 10, 2014

73. 74. 75. 76.

Major artery to head of femur in adult Nerve affected with fracture of head and neck of fibula Tendon affected with avulsion fracture of 5th metatarsal Innervation of adductor magnus

77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87.

Nerve affected with tarsal tunnel syndrome Cutaneous innervation to medial side of foot Cutaneous innervation to lateral side of foot Cutaneous innervation of heel Cutaneous innervation to dorsal aspect of web between toes 1 and 2 Cutaneous innervation of most of dorsum of foot Major dermatome to big toe Dermatome to small toe Spinal level of patellar reflex Spinal level of Achilles reflex Locking of knee when walking suggests

88. Major injury triad with lateral impact to knee

Tarsal Medial femoral circumflex Common fibular Fibularis brevis Obturator, tibial portion of Sciatic Tibial Saphenous (L4) Sural (S1) Tibial Deep fibular Superficial fibular L4 S1 L4 S1 Meniscus injury Medial collateral, medial

2

110. Artery THORAX

89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105.

Dermatome around nipple Vertebral level at inferior angle of scapula Structure that lies immediately posterior to manubrium Rib related to oblique fissure of lung posteriorly Rib paralleled by horizontal fissure of right lung Inferior extent of lung at midclavicular line Inferior extent of pleura at midclavicular line Inferior extent of lung at midaxillary line Inferior extent of pleura at midaxillary line Inferior extent of lung posteriorly Inferior extent of pleura posteriorly Innervation of costal pleura Innervation of mediastinal pleura Site for auscultation of pulmonary valve Site for auscultation of aortic valve Site for auscultation of tricuspid valve Site for auscultation of mitral valve

106. Heart chamber with greatest sternocostal projection 107. Chamber that forms apex of heart 108. major chamber that forms base of heart 109. Heart chamber that contains moderator band James Belgira Tamayo

111.

112. 113.

114.

115.

116. 117.

118.

that

determines coronary dominance Usual origin of SA and AV nodal arteries Location of SA node Major vessel that drains the musculature of the heart Innervation of fibrous pericardium Most common cause of systolic ejection murmur Rib associated with sternal angle Vertebral level associated with sternal angle Location of ductus arteriosus

June 26- July 10, 2014

119. Nerve potentially injured with repair of patent ductus arteriosus

meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament

120. Veins that unite to form brachiocephalic T4

121. Veins that unite to form superior vena cava

TV7

122. Termination of azygos vein 123. 124. 125. 126. 127.

Thymus

Structures that lie to right and left of thoracic duct Spinal levels of greater splanchnic nerve Spinal levels of lesser splanchnic nerve Spinal levels of least splanchnic nerve Thoracic structures that can compress the esophagus

2nd 4th 6th rib 8th rib 8th rib 10th rib

128. Disease often associated with thymoma

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ABDOMEN 129. Remnant of umbilical vein

th th

rib

12 rib Intercostal nerve Phrenic nerve Left 2

nd

interspace

Right 2 3

nd

interspace

Xiphisternal joint th

Left 5 interspace, midclavicular line Right ventricle Left ventricle Left atrium Right ventricle Posterior interventricular Right coronary artery Cristae terminalis Coronary sinus Phrenic nerve Aortic stenosis Second rib Disc between TV4-5 Between left pulmonary artery and aorta

Left recurrent laryngeal Nerve Subclavian and internal Jugular Right and left Brachiocephalic Superior vena cava Azygos veins, aorta T5-9

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June 26- July 10, 2014

T10-11 T12 Left bronchus, aorta and Diaphragm Myasthenia gravis

Round ligament of liver

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June 26- July 10, 2014

130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141.

Dermatome to umbilical area Dermatome to suprapubic area Vertebral level associated with origin of celiac artery Vertebral level associated with origin of SMA Vertebral level associated with origin renal arteries Vertebral level associated with origin of gonadal arteries Vertebral level associated with origin of IMA Vertebral level of umbilicus Vertebral level of aortic bifurcation Vertebral level for formation of IVC Spinal levels to muscles of anterior abdominal wall Structure that forms superficial inguinal ring

142. 143. 144. 145.

Structure that forms deep inguinal ring Structure that form floor of inguinal canal Bony attachments of inguinal ligament Structures that form conjoint tendon

146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154.

Abdominal layer continuous with external spermatic fascia Abdominal continuous with cremasteric fascia Abdominal layer continuous with internal spermatic fascia Structure that lies between protrusion sites of direct and indirect hernias Type of hernia that enters deep inguinal ring Most common type of hernia Most common side for indirect inguinal hernia Type of hernia that protrudes through Hesselbachʼs triangle Boundaries of Hesselbachʼs triangle

155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161.

Type of hernia that traverses both deep and superficial rings Fluid in processus vaginalis Communication between greater and lesser sacs Superior border of epiploic foramen Inferior border of epiploic foramen Posteiror border of epiploic foramen Ligament that contains portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct

162. 163. 164. 165. 166.

Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid in left paracolic gutter Structuer that limits spread of ascitic fluid within infracolic compartment Superior extent of right paracolic gutter Most inferior portion of peritoneal cavity Structures supplied by celiac artery

167. Branches of celiac artery 168. Blood supply to stomach

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T10 L1 T12 L1 L2 L2 L3 Disc L3-4 L5 L5 T7 – L1 Aponeurosis of external Oblique Trasnversalis fasica Inguinal ligament ASIS and pubic tubercle Internal oblique and transversus abdominis External oblique Internal oblique Transversalis fascia Inferior epigastric artery Indirect inguinal Indirect inguinal Right Direct inguinal Inguinal ligament, rectus abdominis, inferior epigastric artery and vein Indirect inguinal Hydrocele Epiploic foramen Caudate lobe of liver Part one of duodenum IVC Hepatoduodenal (lesser omentum) Phrenicocolic ligament Root of mesentary Hepatorenal recess Rectouterine pouch Stomach, duodenum, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas Left gastric, common hepatic and splenic

June 26- July 10, 2014

Right and left gastroepiploics, right, left and short gastric Pancreas, spleen, left kidney and suprarenal gland, diaphragm Cystic and common Hepatic

169. Major structures of bed of stomach

170. Ducts that join to form common bile duct 171. Structure that separates right and left lobes of liver

Falciform ligament 4

172. Origin of cystic artery 173. Ribs directly related to spleen 174. Organs related to spleen 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183.

Artery to small intestine Organs supplied by both celiac and SMA Organs supplied by both SMA and IMA Vessel located posterior to head of pancreas Vessel located posterior to neck of pancreas Veins that unite to form portal vein Clinically importatnt organs for portacaval anastomoses Two structures that lies posterior to SMA near its origin Three distinguishing features of the large intestine

184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195.

Termination of left gonadal vein Termination of right gonadal vein Location of initial pain of appendicitis Motor innervation of diaphragm Sensory innervation of diaphragm Spinal levels of phrenic nerve Vertebral level that inferior vena cava traverses diaphragm Vertebral level that esophagus traverses diaphragm Structures that traverse diaphragm with esophagus Vertebral level that aorta traverses diaphragm Structure that traverses diaphragm with aorta Structure that traverses diaphragm through crura

Right hepatic artery Ribs 9-11 Stomach, colon, left kidney, tail of pancreas SMA Duodenum, pancreas Transverse colon IVC Portal vein Splenic and SMV Esophagus, rectum, liver Left renal vein, duodenum Tenia coli, haustra, epiploic appendages Left renal vein Inferior vena cava Umbilical region Phrenic Phrenic + intercostal C3-5 T8 T10 Vagal trunks T12 Thoracic duct Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves

PELVIS AND PERINEUM 196. Structure that separates pelvis and perineum 197. Two major components of pelvic diaphragm 198. Two major components of levator ani 199. Two muscles which close lateral pelvic wall 200. Means by which obturator internus exits pelvis

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Pelvic diaphragm Levator ani + coccygeus Pubococcygeus and Iliococcygeus Obturator internus and Piriformis Lesser sciatic foramen

June 26- July 10, 2014

201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206.

Means by which piriformis exits pelvis Innervation of detrusor Remnants of umbilical arteries Chief artery to rectal mucosa Most common type of pelvic inlet in females Two remnants of gubernaculum in females

207. Ligament that contains ovarian vessels 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216.

Lymph nodes for ovary and testes Normal position of uterus Chief uterine support Ligament that contains uterine vessels Structure potentially injured with hysterectomy Relation of ureter to uterine artery Structure that separates deep and superficial perineal spaces Bony landmarks between anal and UG triangles Lateral wall of ischioanal fossa

Greater sciatic foramen Pelvic splanchnics (S2-4) Medial umbilical ligaments Superior rectal Gynecoid Ovarian and round Ligament Suspensory ligament of Ovary Lumbar Anterverted, anteflexed Pubococcygeus Lateral cervical Ureter Inferior and posterior Perineal membrane Ischial tuberosities Fascia of obturator Internus

5

217. Structure that forms the pudendal canal 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225.

Structure that separates internal and external hemorrhoids Lymph nodes for area superior to pectinate line of anal canal Lymph nodes for area inferior to pectinate line of anal canal Major structure of deep perineal space Lymph nodes for glans penis Muscle which compresses the bulb of penis Muscle which compresses the crus of penis Muscles which meet at the perineal body

226. 227. 228. 229. 230.

HEAD AND NECK Vertebral level of hyoid bone Vertebral level of thyroid cartilage Vertebral level of cricoid cartilage Muscles that are innervated by CN XI Structures that course between anterior and middle scalene

231. Innervation of omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid 232. Innervation of digastric 233. Innervation of carotid sinus and carotid body 234. Major structures to pass through pharyngeal wall superior to superior constrictor 235. Nerves of pharyngeal plexus

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Fascia of obturator Internus Pectinate line Internal iliac, IM Superficial inguinal Sphincter urethrae Deep inguinal Bulbospongiosus Ischiocavernosus Superficial and deep perineal, bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, pubococcygeus CV3 CV4,5 CV6 Trapezius, SCM Brachial plexus, subclavian artery Ansa cervicalis Anterior belly = CN V Posterior belly = CN VII CN IX, CN X Auditory tube, levator veli Palatini

June 26- July 10, 2014

236. Only muscle innervated by CN IX 237. Structures that pierce thyrohyoid membrane 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260.

Only muscle to abduct vocal cords Innervation of cricothyroid Innervation of laryngeal muscles exclusive of cricothyroid Muscle that increases tension on vocal cords Sensory nerve to larynx superior to vocal cords Sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords Site of aspirated lodged fishbone Afferent – efferent limbs of gag reflex Afferent – efferent limbs of cough reflex Nerve injury that causes hoarseness following thyroid surgery Chief structures that traverse internal acoustic meatus Foramen where CN VII exits skull Major arterial supply to calvaria and supratentorial dura Major cutaneous nerve of face Major artery to internal structures of head Spinal levels of sympathetic fibers to head Autonomic ganglia for CN III Sensory ganglia for CN VII Autonomic ganglia for CN VII Autonomic ganglia for CN IX Muscle attached to disc of TMJ Muscle that retracts mandible Major nerve to TMJ (pain)

261. Specific nerves that elicit secretion from the parotid gland

CN IX, CN X, Sympathetics Stylopharyngeus Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery Posterior cricoarytenoid External laryngeal nerve Recurrent laryngeal Cricothyroid Internal laryngeal Recurrent laryngeal Piriform recess CN IX – CN X CN X – CN X Recurrent laryngeal CN VII and VIII Stylomastoid foramen Middle meningeal CN V Maxillary T1 – 2 Ciliary Geniculate PPG and submandibular Otic Lateral pterygoid Temporalis Auriculotemporal Tympanic branch of CN IX

6

262. Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetics to parotid 263. Structure that opens into superior meatus of nasal cavity 264. Structures that open into middle meatus of nasal cavity 265. Structures that opens into inferior meatus of nasal cavity 266. Major artery to nasal cavity 267. Most common site of nose bleed 268. Innervation of levator veli palatini 269. Muscle that opens auditory tube 270. Innervation of tensor veli palatini 271. Nerve that provides taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue 272. Site of cell bodies for nerve that carries taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue 273. Specific nerve that elicits secretion from submandibular gland 274. Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetic to submandibular James Belgira Tamayo

275. Nerve

276.

277.

injured when tonsilar pillars sag and uvula deviates Nerve potentially injured with tonsillectomy Muscle that protrudes tongue

278. Nerve 279.

injured when deviation of protruded tongue Specific nerve that stimulates tear production

June 26- July 10, 2014

280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288.

Sensory nerve to cornea Muscle that elevates and abducts eye Muscle that depresses and abducts eye Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil Innervation of external surface of tympanic membrane Innervation of internal surface of tympanic membrane MIXED TOPICS

289. Level where ascending aorta is continuous with arch of aorta 290. Level where arch of aorta is continuous with descending aorta 291. Effect of sympathetic nerves on lungs 292. Effect of parasympathetic nerves on lungs 293. Rationale for aspirated small objects to go to right primary bronchus

Auriculotemporal Posterior ethmoid sinus Frontal, maxillary, anterior and middle ethmoid Nasolacrimal duct Sphenopalatine Kiesselbachʼs plexus CN X Tensor veli palatini CN V3 Chorda tympani Geniculate ganglion Chorda tympani Lingual CN X CN IX Genioglossus

294. Needle location for therapeutic pleural tapping

Ipsilateral CN XII

295. Name given to portion of right ventricle prior to beginning of pulmonary trunk 296. Name given to orientation where uterus and vagina intersect at angle of 90 degrees 297. Name given to orientation where uterine body and cervix intersect at angle of 10-15 degrees 298. Ridge located between sinus venarum and right ventricle 299. Nerve at risk when performing thyroidectomy

Greater petrosal CN VII CN V1 (nasociliary) Inferior oblique Superior oblique Lateral horn, T1 - 2 Superior cervical ganglion Edinger-Westphal

Ciliary ganglion

300. Specific muscle that holds patella in place 301. 302. 303. 304. 305.

and lesser petrosal

First portion of quadriceps femoris to atrophy with injury to femoral nerve Last portion of quadriceps femoris to recover following injury Innervation to nail bed of middle finger Innervation to nail bed of ring finger Spinal nerve affected with herniated disc at L3/L4

Auriculotemporal, CN X CN IX TV4-5 TV4-5 Bronchodilation,

7

Vasoconstriction Bronchoconstriction, Vasodilation

Wider diameter, shorter and more vertical Superior to th

12 rib, posteriorly conus arteriosum or infundibulum Anteversion Anteflexion

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Cristae terminalis Both left and right

recurrent laryngeal nerves Vastus medialis Vastus medialis Vastus medialis Median nerve Ulnar and median L4

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June 26- July 10, 2014