Analysis of Lebenslust
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Chloe Peterson ANALYSIS Lebenslust Franz Schubert GENERAL INFORMATION
Lebenslust is a lively choral piece written for SATB and piano accompaniment
by Franz Schubert. The text embodies a positive message that happiness can be found in the company of others.
This piece was composed in during the artistic, literary, and intellectual
movement of Romanticism. The ideals of Romanticism were in opposition to Classicalism’s emphasis on restraint and formality. Romantics focused on the expression of emotions through the arts. Music was intended to provide a transcendent experience for the listener. Different ranges of emotions were explored such as fear and apprehension, which created a different aesthetic experience. Romantics valued beauty and nature, and these
Franz Schubert (1797-‐1828) composed over 600 secular vocal works,
primarily Lieder, seven finished symphonies with an unfinished 8th and 9th, as well as numerous chamber and piano pieces. He was the son of a schoolmaster, who gave him basic violin technique lessons when he was a little boy. His brother, Ignaz gave him beginner piano lessons as well. In 1804, he caught the attention of Antonio Salieri who was interested in his vocal talent modeled in the Imperial Court Chapel
Choir. Schubert began composing music during his time with the Stadtkonvikt orchestra in 1808. He continued writing which was funded by a group of friends known as the Schubertiades. Schubert’s output of music is astonishing considering he lived for only 31 short years. His music has been described to have “tuneful lyricism”, usually with strong piano accompaniments. Schubert is known for his ability to seamlessly change keys, often to far away key areas.
Schubert was given a text by Johann Karl Unger to set to music. Lebenslust
was the product of this collaboration, commissioned by the Schubertiades. The piece is like a country dance, and the feel of the piece communicated its joyful message. TEXT
The secular text for Lebenslust comes from a poem by Johann Karl Unger. In
1818, the poet/composer wrote the text for Schubert to set to music. The poem’s text is full of life and happiness. Its message is to anyone that feels pleasure in life will never be alone, and the company of others will bring happiness to one’s life. Lebenslust
Wer Lebenslust fühlet, der bleibt nicht allein,
Allein sein ist öde, wer kann sich da freu’n?
Im traulichen Kreise, beim herzlichen Kuβ?
Beisammen zu leben, ist Seelengenuβ!
Love of Life
Those who experience life’s joy do not remain alone.
To be alone is so dull;
Who can possibly enjoy that?
In an intimate circle of friends, with a heart-‐felt kiss,
To live together is the soul’s delight!
FORM
Lebenslust appears to be in ABA’. The piano accompaniment plays a large part in this piece, and it also contributes to the contrasting phrases as well. Schubert marks different phrases by changing the accompaniment. Also, the phrases in this piece are quite short, so it will be important to teach it in little snippets.
A (1-‐14) (1-‐4)
(5-‐8)
(9-‐14)
B (14-‐18) A’ (18-‐38) (18-‐22)
(23-‐28)
(28-‐34)
(35-‐38)
RHYTHM
The same rhythmic motives occur throughout the course of this piece.
Schubert consistently writes a dotted-‐8th followed by 16th, 8th note pattern which is then followed by three eighth notes. This figure appears mainly in both A sections in all of the voice parts. The meter is 6/8, and there is definite feel in two throughout the piece. It might be tricky to teach the dotted quarter note tied to and eighth note followed by two eighth notes. However, if I teach the choir to subdivide by eighth notes, I think it will assist in making them more successful with rhythm. The rhythm creates a dance-‐like and lively feel which helps bring out the meaning of the text.
MELODY
The light and buoyant melody stays primarily with the sopranos throughout
this piece. There are variations of the main melody which occurs at measures (5-‐8). In the A’ section, the melody appears slightly different in (30-‐34), however, the rhythmic motives stay the same. The melody in the B section is much different. It is much more legato with longer note values, and the rhythmic motives are not as jagged as the dotted eighth, sixteenth, eighth note pattern in the main melody. The main melody is primarily in a major key, however, in the transition to the B section, it begins to transition into the minor key.
HARMONY
Harmonically, this piece is very tonal. However, Schubert incorporates
seamless modulations into different key areas in the B section. The piece begins in D major, and it begins to transition to d minor in measure 12. Schubert stays in d minor for only a few measures. The cadence at measure 18 is an E major chord which functions as the dominant, and that tells me that Schubert has modulated to A major for only two measures or so. In measure 18, Schubert is back in D major, and the piece stays in a clear D major until the end.
At the beginning of the piece, Schubert has a lot of the voicings in unision.
Sopranos and basses share a lot of the same pitches, and so do sopranos and tenors. As the section begins to transition to d minor, Schubert creates tension by having the altos and basses singing in dissonance through measures 7-‐11. Aurally, it is very evident that something interesting is going to happen harmonically in these measures.
TIMBRE
Aurally, Lebenslust is a very bright piece. It is in the key of D major, which
tends to have a very bright sound. I think the timbre fits the mood of the piece. It is supposed to be very joyful and full of life, and the brightness makes that mood very apparent. Also, the piece is supposed to be dance-‐like, and I think the brightness contributes to that feel as well.
EXPRESSION
There are a lot of dynamic markings in this piece. There are hairpin
crescendos and decrescendos when the melody line goes up and down in pitch. I am not sure if these dynamics were what Schubert wrote or if they are the editor’s decisions. However, I think the dynamics create a lot of contrast in the piece. For example, when the melody line is repeated twice in a row in the first 8 bars, there is a subito piano marking. This creates contrast from the first time the choir sings this melody. Also, there are ritards marked at the end of the A and B sections. These must be to help create a sense that a new section or idea is coming.
The tempo is fairly quick, and I think that definitely contributes to the light,
dance-‐like feel of the piece. I think articulations will be important in this piece. The beginning and end of the piece needs to be very light and buoyant while the B section needs to be more legato and lyrical. That section has a particular “pulling” sensation that I hear, and I think difference in articulation paired with dynamic contrast will help the choir create contrast between sections.
The piece has a strong two feel, and beats one and four are very important.
The choir needs to know this information to sing the phrasing properly.
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
There is a definite contrast between sections in this piece. The B section is
much different in regard to harmony, rhythm, and articulation. Schubert unifies the piece by bringing back the same rhythmic motive at measure 19, which appears at the very beginning of the piece. Even though the melody is not exactly the same in the A and A’ sections, it is still evident that the melodies are connected. It is a possibility that Schubert did not use the exact same melody at the end of the piece because the text is different there. Also, I think the piece feels unified because of Schubert’s ability to seamlessly change keys. However, his harmonic choices and the happy aura of the piece keep it interesting for the listener because they are somewhat unexpected.
TEACHING THE PIECE
It will be important for me to begin the piece by teaching the rhythm. I think
the dance-‐like feel of the piece will be important to convey to students, and a great way to set that up is to teach the rhythm. Also, I think conducting in two might be a challenge for me, especially because I like to beat out the beats. However, I think it will be good for me because I will be forced to keep my gesture high, small, and light. Teaching the modulations might be kind of tricky. I think it will be difficult for the choir to hear them right away, so I need to make sure I teach them in a key that makes sense aurally.
OUTCOMES/STRATEGIES
Skill: Students will perform with rhythmic vitality.
Students will be asked to ch-‐ch the main rhythmic motives of the piece. They will be encouraged to keep the dotted rhythms light with a slight separation to contribute to the style of the piece. Students will also be asked to subdivide such rhythms. The rhythms will be performed with energy with proper articulations. To assist with lightness, I will have the choir do a bouncy kinesthetic with their hands when we rehearse the main rhythmic motive.
Knowledge: Students will analyze the concept of dissonance as an expressive device.
Students will be asked to identify dissonances between parts leading up to the B section. After they are identified, students will be talk within their sections about how the dissonances contribute to the expression of these particular measures of music. (This will be a TPS-‐Think Pair Share Activity). After the sections discuss, they will do a sharing whip as a whole class to discuss what they talked about within their sections.
Affective: Students will express their feelings about the poem and how it pertains to their own life experiences.
As a class, we will discuss the meaning of the poem by Johann Karl Unger. I will ask students to talk about how they feel about the meaning of the poem. Have they had
any experiences that the presence of another person impacted their life in a positive way? Do you need other people in your life to be happy? I will ask students to share life experiences or particular instances/situations that speak to this question.
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