Análisis Multitemporal de Cambios de Cobertura Ocasionados Por La Minería

 

_KNWOVQNBHB KHANCKHL BO QHK HKRCKNC HFHB BOL A_QAC GHA_LRHB BO ANOKANHQ GCVOQRHLOQ ^ IOBNC HIFNOKRO Ahrrorh Prcgosnckhl Nkmoknoréh Gcrosthl

HKÈLNQNQ I_LRNROIPCVHL BO LCQ AHIFNCQ BO ACFOVR_VH CAHQNCKHBCQ PCV LH HARNWNBHB INKOVH H_VÉGOVH, IOBNHKRO LH _RNLNZHANÑK BO NIÈMOKOQ BOL QOKQCV LHKBQHR (8>=7-600>) BNQRVNRC BO D_OPOR_DO O NKHIFHVN

Rosns Phrh Cpthr hl Rétulc Prcgosnckhl bo Nkmoknorc Gcrosthl

Prosokthbc pcr:

Fhad. DOKV^ D_H^RH WNLAH Fhad. ^OQQOKNH HPHZH X_NQPO Hsoscr:

NKM. AHVLCQ O. KNORC VHICQ Nkstntuanñk accporhkto:

GOBOVHANCK KHRNWH BOL VNC IHBVO BO BNCQ ^ HGL_OKROQ Ihbro bo Bncs - Porú

Bnanoifro 6080

 

8 

 

PVOQOKRHANÑK  PVOQOKRHANÑK  Lh prosokto tosns tnoko pcr cfjotnvc frnkbhr nkgcrihanñk scfro lh bogcrosthanñk ok lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn, snrvh acic uk nkstruioktc y ghanlnto ok ol plhktohinoktc bo lh prcfloiètnah inkorh ok lh romnñk Ihbro bo Bncs. Protokbo frnkbhr nkgcrihanñk cftoknbh cftoknbh fhjc iîtcbcs y tîaknahs ack hlth proansnñk, prcaurhkbc cgroaor hl loatcr uk hfhknac bo ackaoptcs quo iobnhkto ol hkèlnsns arétnac, porinthk ukh iojcr aciproksnñk y hsé ackstrunr ostrhtomnhs iès hboauhbhs quo acktrnfuyhk h lh intnmhanñk bo lh bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbcs pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh y hmréaclh bo lh romnñk bo Ihbro bo Bncs. Lh nktokanñk nktokanñk bo osth nk nkvostnmh vostnmhanñk anñk os ovhluhr lh bogcrosthanñk bogcrostha nñk cahsnckhbcs pcr lh lh hatnvnbhb inkorh hurégorh hurégorh iobnhkto ol hkèlnsns hkèlnsns iultntoipcrhl bo nièmokos bol sokscr lhkbsht ok ol porncbc 8>=7 - 6080, ok lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn Nkhifhrn.. Ok prnior étoi, bobnah hl plhktohinoktc bol prcfloih, lninthanckos, hlahkaos y so botorinkhk lhs vhrnhflos quo so oiploh ok lh prosokto nkvostnmhan nkvostnmhanñk. ñk. Ok ol somukbc étoi, roacpnlh lcs ackaoptcs toñrnacs gukbhiokthlos quo sck phrto bol toih bo nkvostnmhanñk, acic sck lh tolobotoaanñk, lh bogcrosthanñk y bognknanckos ackaoptuhlos ackaoptuhl os quo so acksnborh phrh ol prosokto ostubnc. Ol toraor étoi, so cauph bo oxplnahr lh iotcbclcméh y lcs prnkanphlos phscs burhkto ol prcaosc bo cftokanñk bo lcs rosulthbcs. Lcs snmunoktos bcs étoi, ostèk bobnahbcs h oxpckor

lcs

rosulthbcs

cftoknbcs,

y

provnh

bnsausnñk

lhs

ackalusnckos

rospoatnvhiokto. Ol nkgcrio ackaluyo ack ukh fnflncmrhgéh quo acrrospckbo h lhs guoktos utnlnzhbhs phrh su olhfcrhanñk y os, h su voz, ukh crnokthanñk phrh qunokos bosook rohlnzhr nkvostnmhanñk ack rospoatc hl usc bo lh toakclcméh bo sokscrnhiokto roictc5 prcaoshinoktc prcaoshinokt c y hkèlnsns bo nièmokos shtoln s htolnthlos. thlos.

 

6 

 

HMVHBOANINOKRCQ

 H lh Rrnaoktokhrnh Rrnaoktokhrnh _knvorsnbhb Khanckhl bo Qhk Hktcknc Hfhb bol Ausac, pcr hacmorkcs ok su ahsh bo ostubncs y dhforkcs gcrihbc g crihbc acic prcgosnckhl prcgosnckhlos. os.  H lh Ghaulthb bo Anokanhs Gcrosthlos y Iobnc Hifnokto, Qobo bo lh _knvorsnbhb Khanckhl bo Qhk Hktcknc Hfhb bol Ausac y h lcs Bcaoktos, ok mrhtntub pcr dhforkcs niphrtnbc sus ackcaninoktcs y acksojcs burhkto kuostrh gcrihanñk prcgosnckhl h qunokos osthics otorkhiokto hmrhboanbcs. hmrhboanbcs.  H kuostrc hsoscr Nkm. Gcrosthl Ahrlcs Knotc Vhics, pcr su hsoscréh y hpcyc porihkokto burhkto lh ojoauanñk bol prosokto trhfhjc.  Hl Nkm. Gcrosthl Mhfrnol Hlhrañk Hmunrro, pcr ol hpcyc quo kcs dh frnkbhbc ok ol prcaoshinoktc bo lhs nièmokos shtolnthlos y sus sumorokanhs haorthbhs phrh lh ojoauanñk bol prosokto trhfhjc.  H lh Goborhanñk Khtnvh bol Vnc Ihbro bo Bncs y Hgluoktos pcr dhforkcs frnkbhbc ol hpcyc lcméstnac koaoshrnc phrh rohlnzhr lcs trhfhjcs bo ahipc y lcs hpcrtos ack lh nkgcrihanñk romnstrhbh scfro hktoaoboktos hktoaoboktos dnstñrnacs scfro lh hatnvnbhb inkorh.  H lcs pcflhbcros bo lhs Aciuknbhbos Aciuknbhbos khtnvhs5 khtnvhs5 Fhrrhkac Adnac, Ectsnifh y Hrhzhorn,, pcr dhforkcs frnkbhbc nkgcrihanñk bo prniorh ihkc scfro lh hatnvnbhb Hrhzhorn inkorh ok lhs aciuknbhbos aciuknbhbos khtnvhs. Bo lh insih ihkorh dhaoics oxtoksnvc kuostrc hmrhboaninoktc h tcbhs y ahbh ukh bo lhs porsckhs quo aclhfcrhrck ok lh rohlnzhanñk bol prosokto trhfhjc.

 

1 

 

NKBNAO 8. PLHKROHINOKRC BOL PVCFLOIH ......................................................................................> 8.8. BOQAVNPANÑK BO LH VOHLNBHB PVCFLOIÈRNAH ..........................................................> 8.6. GCVI_LHANÑK BOL PVCFLOIH .....................................................................................80 8.6.8. Prcfloih prnkanphl ............................................................................................................80 8.6.6. Prcfloihs soaukbhrncs ....................................................................................................80 8.1. CFJORNWCQ BO LH NKWOQRNMHANÑK ................................................................................80 8.1.8. Cfjotnvc mokorhl ...............................................................................................................80 8.1.6. Cfjotnvcs ospoaégnacs........................................................................................................80 8.2. J_QRNGNAHANÑK, LÉINROQ ^ HLAHKAOQ ..........................................................................88 8.2.8. Justngnahanñk ......................................................................................................................88 8.2.6. Lninthktos .........................................................................................................................88 8.2.1. Hlahkaos c èifntc ............................................................................................................88 8.?. DNPÑROQNQ ^ WHVNHFLOQ .................................................................................................86 8.?.8. Dnpñtosns...........................................................................................................................86 8.?.6. Whrnhflos ..........................................................................................................................86 6. IHVAC ROÑVNAC .................................................................................................................81 6.8. HKROAOBOKROQ BO LH HARNWNBHB INKOVH ....................................................... ........................... ......................................81 ..........81 6.8.8. Arckclcméh bo lh hatnvnbhb inkorh ....................................................................................81 6.6. FHQOQ ROÑVNAHQ .............................................................................................................8? 6.6.8. Ol sokscrnhiokto roictc ñ tolobotoaanñk.........................................................................8? 6.6.6. Ahrhatoréstnahs bol prcmrhih Lhkbsht ..............................................................................66 6.6.1. Rrhthinoktc bo nièmokos bo shtîlnto ...............................................................................6? 6.6.2. Lcs snstoihs bo nkgcrihanñk mocmrègnah ..........................................................................67 6.6.?. Ékbnao bngorokanhl bo vomothanñk kcrihlnzhbc (KBWN) .......................................................6= 6.6.7. Inkoréh ok Ihbro bo Bncs ................................................................................................64 6.6.=. Mokorhlnbhbos bol èroh bo ostubnc ...................................................................................14 6.1. BOGNKNANCKOQ ACKAOPR_HLOQ......................................................... ............................. ....................................................... ............................12 .12 6.1.8. Ackaoptcs bo bogcrosthanñk .............................................................................................12 6.1.6. Rhsh bo bogcrosthanñk ......................................................................................................1? 6.1.1. Alhsngnahanñk bo acforturhs fcsacsh ................................................................................1? 1. IHROVNHLOQ ^ IORCBCLCMÉH......................................................... ............................. ........................................................ .................................14 .....14 1.8. _FNAHANÑK BOL ÈVOH BO OQR_BNC ....................................................... ............................ ...................................................14 ........................14 1.6. IHROVNHLOQ, OX_NPCQ ^ QOVWNANCQ............................................................................28 1.6.8. Ahrtcmrhgéhbobnmnthl .............................................................................................................28 1.6.6. Nièmokos Qhtîlnto ........................................................................................................28 1.6.1. Oqunpcs ............................................................................................................................28 1.6.2. Qorvnancs ...........................................................................................................................28 1.1. IORCBCLCMÉH OIPLOHBH .............................................................................................26 1.1.8. Hackbnanckhinoktc bo lh ahrtcmrhgéh fhso........................................................................27 1.1.6. Hbqunsnanñk bo Nièmokos bo Qhtîlnto ...............................................................................27 1.1.1. Prcaoshinoktc bo nièmokos ............................................................................................2= 1.1.2. Zckhs bo oktrokhinoktc...................................................................................................2> 1.1.?. Botorinkhanñk bo lh loyokbh ............................................................................................2> 1.1.7. Nktorprothanñk vnsuhl bo lhs nièmokos ..............................................................................?0 1.1.=. Whlnbhanñk bo lh nktorprothanñk .........................................................................................?8 1.1.4. Hjusto y obnanñk bol ihph gnkhl bo bogcrosthanñk ......................................................... ............................. .................................?1 .....?1 1.1.>. Hkèlnsns ok snstoihs bo nkgcrihanñk mocmrègnah (QNM) .....................................................?1 1.2. Dhllhkbc lhs thshs bo bogcrosthanñk ....................................................................................?1

 

2 

 

2. VOQ_LRHBCQ ^ BNQA_QNCKOQ ..........................................................................................?2 2.8. VOQ_LRHBCQ ....................................................................................................................?2 2.8.8. Bogcrosthanñk ok lcs bnstrntcs Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn, høc 6080. .....................................?2 2.8.6. Bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh scfro ctrcs boroadcs bo usc ctcrmhbcs ok lh suporgnano ........?> 2.8.1. Bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhb inkoréh h knvol bo soatcros ..................................................78 2.8.2. Bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh ok èifntc bo ostubnc porncbc 8>=7-6080 ...............................=8 2.6. BNQA_QNCKOQ ....................................................................................................................=2 ?. VOACIOKBHANCKOQ .........................................................................=? ?.8.ACKAL_QNCKOQ ACKAL_QNCKOQ^ ................................................................................................................=? ?.6. VOACIOKBHANCKOQ .......................................................................................................=7 7. FNFLNCMVHGÉH ......................................................................................................................==

NKBNAO BO GNM_VHQ, MVHGNACQ ^ RHFLHQ Gnmurh K°08: Arcquns bo ufnahanñk bol Èroh bo ostubnc .............................................................14 Gnmurh K°06: Ihph bo lcs l cs bnstrntcs nkvcluarhbcs ok ol ostubnc y ufnahanñk bo lcs soatcros .......21 Gnmurh K°01: Acipcrthinoktc ospoatrhl bo lcs fhkbhs utnlnzhbhs .............................................2= Gnmurh K°02: Woatcrnzhanñk bo lhs nièmokos h trhvîs bol iîtcbc vnsuhl ...................................?0 Gnmurh K°0?: Ihph bo alhsngnahanñk bo acforturhs bol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo ............................?? Gnmurh K°07: Ihph bo alhsngnahanñk bo acforturhs bol bnstrntc bo Nkhifhrn ................................?4 Gnmurh K°0=: Ihph bo bogcrosthanñk b ogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh scfro ctrcs boroadcs bo uscs .......................70 Glujcmrhih K°08 Prcaobninoktc bo lh iotcbclcméh iotcbclcméh oiplohbh .................................................2? ........................ .........................2? Gctc K°08: Oktrovnsth h pcflhbcros bo prnihvorh Fhjh Fhjh ei 88= ................................................22 ............................ ....................22 Gctc K°06: Oktrovnsthkbc h pcflhbcros bo Kuovh Hroqunph ei 80? .........................................22 Mrègnac K°08: Ovcluanñk bo Pcflhanñk bo lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn ......................20 Mrègnac K°06: Pcraokthjo bo acforturhs bo lh zckngnahanñk bol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo hl 6080 ...?7 Mrègnac K°01: Pcraokthjo bo acforturhs bo lh zckngnahanñk bol bnstrntc bo Nkh Nkhifhrn ifhrn hl 6080 .......?> Mrègnac K°02: Pcraokthjo bo èrohs bogcrosthbhs pcr inkoréh scfro ctr ctrcs cs boroadcs bo b o uscs ....78 Mrègnac K°0?: Volhanñk bol tnoipc bo hatnvnbhb h atnvnbhb ack lh suporgnano bogcro bogcrosthbh sthbh ...........................76 ........................... 76 Mrègnac K°07: Quporgnano bo bogcrosthanñk soatcr Duopotudo Duopotudo (dh) ...........................................71 ............................ ...............71 Mrègnac K°0= Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr Jhyhvo ok lcs høcs 6004 hl 6080 .........................72 ......................... 72 Mrègnac K°04 Quporgnano bogcrosthbh bogcrosthbh soatcr zckh bo Hicrtnmuhinoktc.....................................7? Hicrtnmuhinoktc.................. ...................7? Mrègnac K°0>: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh Qoatcr Duhahihyc..................................................... ......................... .................................77 .....77 Mrègnac K°80: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh Qoatcr Ihzuac ................................................................7= Mrègnac K°88: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh - Ihlnkcsqun .....................................................................74 Mrègnac K°86: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr Bolth .....................................................................7> Mrègnac K°81: Quporgnanos y thshs bo bogcrosthanñk pcr soatcros ...............................................=0 Mrègnac K°82: Bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhb hmrcpoauhrnc y inkorc ok ol èroh bo ostubnc, porncbc 8>=7-6080 ..................................................................................................................................=8 Mrègnac K°8?: Bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh ok ol èroh bo ostubnc, soatcr bolth y hbyhaoktos, porncbc 8>=7-6080 .....................................................................................................................=6 Mrègnac K°87: Rhshs bo bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh ok ol èroh bo ostubnc, soatcr bolth y hbyhaoktos porncbc 8>=7 - 6080 ................................................................................................=1 Nihmok K°08: Nihmok lhkbsht 6080 y soatcros botorinkhbcs phrh ol ostubnc ...........................26 ........................... 26 Nihmok K°06: Nihmok bol lhkbsht ? bol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo, fhkbhs ?21 ..............................?2 Nihmok K°01: Nihmok bol lhkbsht ? bol bnstrntc bo Nkhifhrn, fhkbhs ?21 .................................?= Rhflh K°08: Whrnhflos o nkbnahbcros phrh ol ostubnc ..................................................................86 Rhflh K°06: Osthbc hatuhl bo lcs shtîlntos bo lh sorno Lhkbsht ..................................................66  

? 

 

Rhflh K°01: Fhkbhs ospoatrhlos y roscluanñk bol sokscr Rdoihtna Ihppor ..............................62 Rhflh K°02: Qoauokanh bo nktorvokanckos nktor vokanckos ok ukh zckh bo oxplcthanñk inkorh hurégorh hluvnhl .16 Rhflh K°0?: Pcflhanñk ok lcs bnstrntcs bol èifntc bo ostubnc .....................................................1> Rhflh K°07: Alhsngnahanñk mokorhl somúk lh GHC .......................................................................17 Rhflh K°0=: Alhsngnahanñk bo acforturhs hackbnanckhbc phrh ol ostubnc ....................................17 Rhflh K°04: Bnstrntcs y soatcros nkvcluarhbcs ok ol èifntc bo ostubnc. .....................................21 Rhflh K°0>: Lnsth bo nièmokos lhkbsht utnlnzhbhs phrh ol ostubnc .............................................27 Rhflh K°80: Loyokbh bo lh alhsngnahanñk y alhsos bo èrohs bogcrosthbhs ..................................2> Rhflh K°88: Ihtrnz bo orrcr bo lh ackacrbhkanh oktro alhsos .....................................................?8 Rhflh K°86: bo ackgnhfnlnbhb ihphbo.....................................................................?6 K°81: Pcraokthjo Knvol bo ackacrbhkanh ack olbolékbnao Ehpph .......................................................?6 Rhflh K°82: Whlcros bo lh guorzh bo ackacrbhkanh phrh ol l ékbnao bo Ehpph ............................?1 Rhflh K°8?: Pcraokthjo bo èrohs èroh s bo acforturhs bol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo. ...............................?? .......................... .....?? Rhflh K°87: Pcraokthjo bo èrohs bo acforturhs bol bnstrntc bo Nkhifhrn ...................................?4 Rhflh K°8=: Pcraokthjo bo èrohs èroh s bogcrosthbhs pcr inkoréh inkoré h scfro ctrcs boroadcs bo uscs.......70 Rhflh K°84: Vosuiok bo lhs èrohs bogcrosthbhs pcr soatcros, høc 6080 ................................78 Rhflh K°8>: Iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk hurégorh pcr soatcros .........................................................76 Rhflh K°60: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr Duopotudo ..............................................................71 Rhflh K°68: Prciobnc hkuhl hku hl bo bogcrosthanñk soatcr Duopotudo ..............................................71 .......................... ....................71 Rhflh K°66: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr Jhyhvo ....................................................................72 Rhflh K°61: Prciobnc hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk soatcr Jhyhvo ....................................................72 Rhflh K°62: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr zckh bo hicrtnmuhinoktc ........................................7? Rhflh K°6?: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr zckh bo hicrtnmuhinoktc ........................................7? Rhflh K°67: K°67: Quporgnano Bogcrosthbh Qoatcr Duhahihyc ....................................................... ........................... .................................77 .....77 Rhflh K°6=: K°6=: Rhsh prciobnc hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk bol Qoatcr Duhahihyc ..............................77 Rhflh K°64: K°64: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr Ihzuac ....................................................................7= ................................................ ....................7= Rhflh K°6>: K°6>: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh ‑ Ihlnkcsqun .......................................................................74 Rhflh K°10: K°10: Prciobnc hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk bogcrosthanñk - Ihlnkcsqun.......................................................74 Ihlnkcsqun........................................ ...............74 Rhflh K°18: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr Bolth ........................................................................7> Rhflh K°16: K°16: Prciobnc Prciobnc hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk soatcr so atcr Bolth ....................................................... ............................ ............................7> .7> Rhflh K°11: Vosuiok bo suporgnanos supor gnanos y thshs bo bogcrosthanñk pcr soatcros .............................=0 ............................ .=0 Rhflh K°12: Bogcrosthanñk pcr lh hatnvnbhb bo inkoréh ok ol èroh bo ostubnc ............................=8 Rhflh K°1?: Whrnhanñk hkuhl bo lh thsh bo ahifnc bo acforturh fcsacsh .................................=8 Rhflh K°17: Rhsh bo bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh ok ol èroh bo ostubnc, soatcr bolth y hbyhaoktos, porncbc 8>=7-6080 .................................................................................................=6

 

7 

 

VOQ_IOK  VOQ_IOK  Ol prosokto trhfhjc guo rohlnzhbc ok lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn bo lh Vomnñk bo Ihbro bo Bncs, plhktohbc h rhéz bo lcs prcfloihs scanhlos y hifnokthlos cahsnckhbcs pcr lh hatnvnbhb bo lh inkorh nkgcrihl ok lh romnñk, snokbc ukc bo sus ogoatcs bnroatcs, lh olninkhanñk bo lh acforturh fcsacsh cahsnckhbc pcr lh oxtrhaanñk hurégorh hluvnhl. Ol iîtcbc utnlnzhbc phrh ostnihr lh bogcrosthanñk os lh tolobotoaanñk y snstoihs bo nkgcrihanñk mocmrègnah, utnlnzhkbc lhs nièmokos lhkbsht, sokscros IQQ, RI y ORI, lh nktorprothanñk os ol iîtcbc bo nktorprothanñk vnsuhl, lh osahlh bo trhfhjc os bo ukc ok tronkth y ankac inl (8:1? 000), lh loyokbh phrh lh zckngnahanñk os osthfloanbh ok sons alhsos5 fcsquos, bogcrosthanñk pcr hmrnaulturh, bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhb inkorh, nksthlhanckos urfhkhs, auorpcs bo hmuh, y èrohs kc ovhluhbhs. Lh vhlnbhanñk so rohlnzh ack puktcs bo vorngnahanñk nk sntu, so hplnah ukh ihtrnz bo orrcr y ol ékbnao bo ehpph, ol mrhbc bo ackgnhkzh bol ihph os bo 42%. Lcs rosulthbcs cftoknbcs bo bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbcs pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh oktro lcs høcs 8>=7  ‑ 6080 so bnc ok ol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo (81,?28.77 dh), ok ol bnstrntc bo Nkhifhrn5 (2,>0=.81 dh). Ok auhktc h lh bogcrosthanñk h knvol bo soatcros, oxnsto ihycr bogcrosthanñk ok ol soatcr bo Duopotudo (86,4?=.02 dh), Duhahihyc (10>6.8? dh), ctrcs soatcros acic Bolth (4,607.0> dh). Boktrc bol èifntc bo ostubnc (Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn) oxnstok èrohs bogcrosthbhs pcr inkoréh ok boroadcs bo usc suporgnanhlos acic probncs hmréaclhs, aciuknbhbos khtnvhs, èrohs ctcrmhbhs ack gnkos bo rogcrosthanñk y ackaosnckos gcrosthlos, lh suporgnano bogcrosthbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh ok ol èifntc bo ostubnc y ctrcs soatcros hbyhaoktos hl èroh bo ostubnc dhsth ol høc 6080 os bo (6=,624.22 dh), ok lcs auhtrc últnics høcs (6002-6080) lh thsh bo bogcrosthanñk ok ol èroh bo ostubnc so nkaroiokth h 6162.=? dh/høc. Ok ackalusnñk, ok lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn lh lhs prnkanphlos ahushs quo cahsnckhk porbnbhs bo acforturh fcsacsh ok lcs últnics høcs so bh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh, ol nkaroioktc bo lh thsh bo bogcrosthanñk tnoko ukh rolhanñk rolhan ñk h lh nktrcbuaanñk bo lcs kuovcs iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk.

 

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HFQRVHAR Rdns stuby whs ackbuatob nk tdo bnstrnats cg Duopotudo hkb Nkhifhrn tdo Ihbro bo Bncs romnck, rhnsob tdo gcllcwnkm scanhl hkb okvnrckiokthl prcflois ahusob fy nkgcrihl inknkm hatnvnty nk tdo romnck, fonkm cko cg nts bnroat oggoats, olninkhtnck gcrost acvor ahusob fy hlluvnhl mclb inknkm. Rdo iotdcb usob tc ostnihto bogcrosthtnck ns roicto soksnkm hkb mocmrhpdna nkgcrihtnck systois, usnkm Lhkbsht nihmory, sokscrs IQQ, RI hkb ORI, tdo nktorprothtnck nktorprothtn ck ns tdo iotdcb cg vnsuhl nktorprothtn nktorprothtnck, ck, tdo sahlo cg wcre ns cko nk tdnrty-gnvo tdcushkb (8:1? 000), tdo lomokb gcr zcknkm ns osthflnsdob nk snx alhssos5 gcrosts, bogcrosthtnck gcr hmrnaulturo, inknkm bogcrosthtnck, urfhk ghanlntnos, whtor fcbnos, hkb hrohs kct ovhluhtob. Rdo vhlnbhtnck usos adoaepcnkts nk sntu, hpplnos hk orrcr ihtrnx hkb ehpph nkbox, tdo ackgnbokao ihp ns 42%. Rdo rosults cg bogcrosthtnck ahusob fy inknkm hatnvnty fotwook 8>=7 - 6080 whs nk tdo bnstrnat cg Duopotudo (81,?28.77 dh), nk tdo bnstrnat cg Nkhifhrn5 (2>0=.81 dh). Hs bogcrosthtnck soatcr lovol, tdoro ns mrohtor bogcrosthtnck Duopotudo soatcr (86,4?=.02 dh), Duhahihyc (10>6.8? dh), ctdor soatcrs suad hs Bolth (4607.0> dh). ]ntdnk tdo stuby hroh (Duopotudo hkb Nkhifhrn) oxnst nk hrohs bogcrostob fy inknkm surghao uso rnmdts hs ghris, khtnvo aciiukntnos, hrohs mrhktob gcr rogcrosthtnck hkb gcrost ackaossncks, tdo hroh bogcrostob fy inknkm hatnvntnos nk tdo hroh cg stuby hkb ctdor hrohs hbjhaokt tc tdo stuby hroh fy 6080 ns (6=,624.22 dh), nk tdo lhst gcur yohrs (6002-6080) tdo rhto cg bogcrosthtnck nk tdo stuby hroh ns nkarohsob tc 6162.=? dh / yohr. Nk ackalusnck, nk tdo bnstrnats cg Duopotudo hkb Nkhifhrn tdo ihjcr ukborlynkm ahusos cg gcrost acvor lcss nk roaokt yohrs ns mnvok fy inknkm hatnvnty, nkarohsnkm tdo rhto cg bogcrosthtnck dhs h rolhtnck tc tdo nktrcbuatnck cg kow oxtrhatnck iotdcbs .

 

4 

 

8. PLHKROHINOKRC BOL PVCFLOIH 8.8. BOQAVNPANÑK BO LH VOHLNBHB PVCFLOIÈRNAH Ok Ihbro bo Bncs, ok lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn lh bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbc pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh vnoko nkaroioktèkbcso cahsnckhbc nkaroioktèkbcso ok ol trhksaursc bol tnoipc, h ostc so suih ol usc bo kuovhs toakclcméhs quo so vnoko oiplohkbc ok lh oxtrhaanñk bol crc ack kuovcs iîtcbcs lc quo ackllovh h lh mokorhanñk bo ihycros niphatcs komhtnvcs ok ol èifntc oaclñmnac, scanhl, bomrhbhkbc lh glcrh y ghukh, ackthinkhanñk bol hmuh, mokorhkbc aèrahvhs, ota. Quihbc h ollc ol prcfloih bo husokanh bol acktrcl bo lhs hutcrnbhbos dhao pcsnflo quo lh ihycr phrto bo oxtrhatcros bo crc lc rohlnzhk nkgcrihliokto. (HQACVVH 6004) (X_NKRHKNLLH & IHM_NØH 6004). Qnk oifhrmc osth hatnvnbhb trho acksnmc ogoatcs aclhtorhlos, prnkanphliokto lcs niphatcs hifnokthlos y scanhlos ukc bo lcs mrhvos prcfloihs os lh bogcrosthanñk, pcr ctrc lhbc thifnîk ostèk lcs ackglnatcs bo usc ack ctrhs boroadcs bo usc (hmrnaultcros, ackaosnckhrncs), lcs ackglnatcs scanhlos (duolmhs, okgrokthinoktcs), ackaosnckhrncs), okgrokthinoktcs), aulturhlos (porbnbh bo lhs acstuifros crnmnkhrnhs) oktro ctrcs. Ostcs hsuktcs vnokok procauphkbc h lh aciuknbhb lcahl, khanckhl o nktorkhanckhl. (HVHKH & ADHKM 600?) (HVHKH 6001) (X_NKRHKNLLH & IHM_NØH 6004). Pcr ctrc lhbc lhs hutcrnbhbos kc auokthk ack guoktos bo nkgcrihanñk tîaknah ack lh proansnñk y ackgnhfnlnbhb koaoshrnh 8, scfro tcbc bo bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr inkoréh. Qnokbc koaoshrnc ackthr ack nkgcrihanñk ahrtcmrègnah bol osphanc y tnoipc bo lh caurrokanh bo lh bogcrosthanñk pcr lh hatnvnbhbos inkorhs oktro ctrhs, mokorhbcs ack prcaobninoktcs tîaknacs, ack ostnihanckos haorthbhs, oiplohkbc y bnvulmhkbc ol usc bo lhs kuovhs toakclcméhs acic ol oiploc bol sokscrnhiokto roictc hplnahbc hl ihkojc bo lcs roaurscs khturhlos, yh quo phrto bo osth toakclcméh ostè hl hlahkao bo tcbcs phrh su utnlnzhanñk ack lnfro bnspcknfnlnbhb snk acstc hlmukc, acic os ol ahsc bo lhs nièmokos shtolnthlos Lhkbsht6

  8

 Ol inknstrc Frhae Omm, ol 88 bo kcvnoifro bol 600> h trhvîs bol bnhrnc ol acioranc iokanckc h scfro lh bogcrosthanñk bo 8?0 inl

doatèrohs pcr inkoréh ok ol bophrthioktc bo Ihbro bo Bncs. 6  Bosbo gofrorc bol høc 600>, Lh KHQH bnspcko ol haaosc lnfro, snk acstc hlmukh ol usc bo lhs nièmokos shtolnthlos Lhkbsht phrh ol ihkojc bo lcs roaurscs khturhlos. 

 

> 

 

8.6. GCVI_LHANÑK BOL PVCFLOIH 8.6.8. Prcfloih prnkanphl ³Auèl os lh suporgnano bogcrosthbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh ok lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn, ok ol porncbc 8>=7  ‑  6080, ok lh romnñk bo Ihbro bo Bncs3 8.6.6. Promukths soaukbhrncs h. ³Auèlos sck lhs hatnvnbhbos quo cahsnckhk porbnbh bo acforturh fcsacsh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh ok lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn3 f. ³Ok quî tnpcs bo boroadcs bo usc ctcrmhbcs ok lh suporgnano bol suolc so cahsnckhrck ahifncs bo acforturh cahsnckhbc cahsnckhbcss pcr hatn hatnvnbhb vnbhb inkorh ok ok ol èifntc bo ostubnc3

a. ³Auèl os lh thsh bo bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh y hatnvnbhbos hmrhrnhs hmrhrnhs h knvol bo soatcros ok lhs últnihs auhtrc bîahbhs3  b. Auèl os lh vhrnhanñk dnstñrnah bo lh thsh bo bogcrosthanñk ok lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn, boktrc bol porncbc 8>=7 - 60803   8.1. CFJORNWCQ BO LH NKWOQRNMHANÑK 8.1.8. Cfjotnvc mokorhl Botorinkhr auhktnthtnvhiokto lcs ahifncs bo acforturh fcsacsh cahsnckhbh pcr lh inkoréh hurégorh iobnhkto ol hkèlnsns iultntoipcrhl bo nièmokos shtolnthlos bo lcs sokscros Lhkbsht ok lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn, ok ol porncbc 8>=7 ‑ 6080. 8.1.6. Cfjotnvcs ospoaégnacs h. Nboktngnahr y botorinkhr lhs suporgnanos bo hatnvnbhbos quo cahsnckhk lh porbnbh bo acforturh fcsacsh ok lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn. f. Nboktngnahr y auhktngnahr lh bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh ok boroadcs bo usc ctcrmhbcs ok lh suporgnano bol suolc. a. Nboktngnahr ol porncbc bo ahifncs bo iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk h knvol bo soatcros y botorinkhr thshs bo bogcrosthanñk bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbcs cahsnckhbcs pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh ok lcs soatcros ihs nktorvoknbcs pcr lcs oxtrhatcros inkorcs. inkorcs.   b. Botorinkhr lhs thshs bo bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh y hatnvnbhbos hmrhrnhs bo lcs últnics auhtrc a uhtrc bîahbhs.  bîahbhs. 

 

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8.2. J_QRNGNAHANÑK, LÉINROQ ^ HLAHKAOQ 8.2.8. Justngnahanñk Cgroaor uk bcauioktc quo snrvh acic scpcrto tîaknac h lh olhfcrhanñk bo prcpuosths bo prcyoatcs, kcrihs lomhlos y bcauioktcs bo mostnñk phrh ol hprcvoadhinoktc bo roaurscs khturhlos rokcvhflos y kc rokcvhflos, phrh ukh acrroath tcih bo boansnckos bo lhs oktnbhbos acipotoktos ok ol ickntcroc bo lh bogcrosthanñk ok lh romnñk bo Ihbro bo Bncs. Frnkbhr Nkgcrihanñk anoktégnah scfro lh bogcrosthanñk bomrhbhanñk, bhbc quo lh prosokto nkvostnmhanñk nkvostnmhanñk kcs porinto porinto hkhlnz hkhlnzhr hr

ol prcaosc b bo o bogcrosth bogcrosthanñk anñk pcr llh h

hatnvnbhb inkorh burhkto lhs últnihs auhtrc bîahbhs. Mokorhkbc ukh dorrhin dorrhinokth okth phrh ol hkèlnsns bol prcaosc bo oxphksnñk bo lh hatnvnbhb oackñinah mokorhbh pcr lh oxtrhaanñk bol crc y lh ovcluanñk bo lcs iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk oiplohbcs burhkto lcs últnics høcs, quo puobh sorvnr acic hpcyc h sustokthr bnroatnvhs y boansnckos pclétnahs phrh ol hprcvoadhinoktc bo osto roaursc inkorhl. Bngukbnr ol usc bo tîaknahs y lh kuovh mokorhanñk bo toakclcméhs quo porintok rohlnzhr ol ickntcroc y hkèlnsns iultntoipcrhl bol prcaosc bo lh bogcrosthanñk  bogcrosthanñk   8.2.6. Lninthktos Ol prnkanphl cfstèaulc os lh ghlth bo accporhanñk bo lcs lumhroøcs, yh quo ostcs kc prcvook lh nkgcrihanñk h porsckhs bobnahbhs h lh nkvostnmhanñk bofnbc h quo sck ihycrnthrnhiokto oxtrhatcros nlomhlos o nkgcrihlos, nipnbnokbc lh pcsnfnlnbhb bo oiplohr okauosths, gcriulhrncs, llokhbc bo gnadhs oktro ctrcs. Porintnîkbckcs sclhiokto roacpnlhr nkgcrihanñk ack tîaknahs bo cfsorvhanñk ostruaturhbh y oktrovnsths kc ostruaturhbh h lcs lumhroøcs. Oxnstok h su voz ctrhs lninthktos acic lh osthkbhrnzhanñk bo iîtcbcs bo iuostrocs hplnahbcs ok ostubncs bo ahifncs bo usc utnlnzhkbc nièmokos shtolnthlos. 8.2.1. Hlahkaos c èifntc Ol prosokto ostubnc bo hkèlnsns os h knvol bnstrnthl, rohlnzhbcs ok lcs bnstrntcs, bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn, quo ostèk ufnahbcs ok lh prcvnkanh bo Ihku y Rhifcphth rospoatnvhiokto. Hsé insic, so roacmo nkgcrihanñk bol soatcr inkorc bokcinkhbc “Bolth’, bofnbc h quo ok osto soatcr oxnsto lh prosokanh bo bogcrosthanñk bo ihmkntub

 

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acksnborhflo pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh ufnahbh ok ol bnstrntc bo Ihbro bo Bncs. Lh nkvostnmhanñk ostè crnokthbh h roacpnlhr lcs hktoaoboktos bo bogcrosthanñk ack nkgcrihanñk roicth o nk sntu, bo lhs últnihs auhtrc bîahbhs (8>=7 hl 6080)

8.?. DNPÑROQNQ ^ WHVNHFLOQ 8.?.8. Dnpñtosns h. Dnpñtosns hfscluth hfscluth   Ol hkèlnsns iultntoipcrhl ack nièmokos shtolnthlos lhksbsht porinto botorinkhr auhktnthtnvhiokto lh bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh h knvol bnstrnthl. f. Dnpñtosns kulh kulh   Ol hkèlnsns iultntoipcrhl ack nièmokos shtolnthlos lhksbsht kc porinto botorinkhr auhktnthtnvhiokto lh bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh. 8.?.6. Whrnhflos Bhbc quo lh vhrnhflo bo ahktnbhb porsckhs, oxtrhatcros inkorcs, kc so acksnborh bofnbc h quo os iuy nkosthflo lh ufnahanñk gnjh bo ollcs, yh quo ostcs ostèk ok acksthkto bosplhzhinoktc bosplhzhinoktc bo uk soatcr h ctrc, ctrc , ok thl soktnbc so acksnborh lhs vhrnhflos quo so iokanckh ok lh snmunokto thflh:

Rhflh K°08: Whrnhflos o nkbnahbcros phrh ol ostubnc Rnpc bo vhrnhflo Whrnhflo nkbopokbnokto:

Whrnhflo bopokbnokto:

 

Whrnhflos Nièmokos shtolnthlos

 

Hatnvnbhb inkorh

 

Ahifncs bo acforturh

 

Bogcrosthanñk

           

Nkbnahbcros Kúiorc bo pnx pnxolos olos (tnpc bo acforturhs) Iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk Rnoipc bo oxtrhaanñk (høc) Kúiorc bo acforturhs Bogcrosthanñk (dh) Rhsh bo bogcrosthanñk (dh/høc)

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

 

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6. IHVAC ROÑVNAC  6.8. HKROAOBOKROQ BO LH HARNWNBHB INKOVH Ol prcfloih bo lh inkoréh ok lcs torrntcrncs bo lcs puoflcs nkbémokhs ok ol bophrthioktc bophrthiokt c bo Ihbro bo Bncs os bo lhrmh bhth, bosbo lh bîahbh bol 10 acinokz acinokzh h uk nktoksc îxcbc bo fusahbcros bo crc bo Ausac h lhs tnorrhs quo cauphfhk lcs nkbémokhs ok lcs récs Nkhifhrn, Hltc Ihku, Aclcrhbc, Pnobrhs, Ihbro bo Bncs y ctrcs hgluoktos. Osto prcaosc inmrhtcrnc acnkanbo ack lh bokcinkhbh “gnofro bol crc’ quo so oxtokbnñ pcr Ihbro bo Bncs bosbo 8>10 h 8>?0. Prcfhfloiokto bofnbc h lh nkanpnokto gcrihanñk bol Osthbc Vopuflnahkc y h su husokanh ostruaturhl ok osth èroh bo lh  Hihzckéh, lcs fusahbcros bo crc thktc acic ctrcs oxplcrhbcros oxplcrhbcros y acioranhkto acioranhktoss pokshfhk quo îsth orh ukh “torrh kullnus’ c tnorrh bo khbno, pcr lc quo so soktéhk

ghaulthbcs h oxplcthr lcs roaurscs khturhlos snk lninthanñk hlmukh. Osc guo lc quo gnkhliokto dnanorck, ihrahkbc ack sus hatnvnbhbos oxtrhatnvhs ol guturc kc sñlc bo lh romnñk bo Ihbro bo Bncs snkc nkalusc ol bo lcs puoflcs nkbémokhs quo lh dhfnthfhk. (Iccro 8>>1)

6.8.8. Arckclcméh bo lh hatnvnbhb inkorh Ok lh bîahbh bol =0 lh oxplcthanñk hurégorh vclvnñ h sor nktoksh ok lcs torrntcrncs bo Ihbro bo Bncs, hlahkzhkbc lh prcbuaanñk ol 10% bo lc quo so oxtrhéh ok ol Porú. Hkto osto phkcrhih ol Osthbc prcicvnñ lh inkoréh ghanlnthkbc lh inmrhanñk bosacktrclhbh bo pcflhanñk hkbnkh ahrhatornzhbh pcr ol Osthbc acic iès hpth quo lh nkbémokh hihzñknah phrh lh inkoréh ok Ihbro bo Bncs. Lh nkvhsnñk bo torrntcrncs nkbémokhs guo ukh acksoauokanh ahsn lñmnah bo osth hatntub kothiokto oackcinansth bol Osthbc poruhkc. H poshr bo ollc, ol Osthbc acktnkuñ prncrnzhkbc lh inkoréh pcr okanih bo lhs pcflhanckos hgoathbhs. Ol grhahsc ok lh fúsquobh bol potrñloc burhkto lh bîahbh bol >0 llovñ h quo lcs últnics mcfnorkcs aoktrhrhk su pclétnah oackñinah ok lh inkoréh, mhrhktnzèkbclo hl soatcr iobnbhs oxtrhcrbnkhrnhs phrh su nkvorsnñk. Acic acksoauokanh, ok lh hatuhlnbhb ol Porú os ol prnior prcbuatcr bo crc ok Qubhiîrnah ack iès bo 8?0 tckolhbhs pcr høc. Ok ol bophrthioktc bo Ihbro bo Bncs, lhs èrohs quo dhk snbc nboktngnahbhs ack pctokanhl hurégorc so okauoktrhk ok lcs récs Ihbro bo Bncs, Nkhifhrn, Ihlnkcwsen, Dohtd, Rhifcphth, Aclcrhbc, Lhs Pnobrhs y Lcs Hinmcs, quo acnkanbok ack lcs torrntcrncs tntulhbcs bo lhs Aciuknbhbos Khtnvhs Ectsnifh,  Hrhzhorn bo Wnllh Qhktnhmc, Fhrrhkac Adnac, Puortc Luz, Qhk Jcsî bol Ehroko,  

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Qdnrnkmhyca, Fcah bol Nkhifhrn, Rros Nslhs, Qhk Jhanktc, Ol Pnlhr. Qo ostnih quo lh prcbuaanñk inkorh ok tnorrhs tntulhbhs bo aciuknbhbos khtnvhs suporh ol 80% bo lh prcbuaanñk hkuhl bol bophrthioktc. Bnoz (80) bo lhs vonktnsnoto (6=) Aciuknbhbos Khtnvhs bo Ihbro bo Bncs ostèk hgoathbhs pcr lh inkoréh. Bo lhs 8>2,810 doatèrohs bo tnorrh roackcanbh y tntulhbh h su ghvcr, so dhk ctcrmhbc h ackaosnckhrncs inkorcs kcnkbémokhs uk tcthl bo 11,?4> doatèrohs. Ok ol auhbrc bol hkoxc N so iuostrh ol tcthl bo ackaosnckos inkorhs ok tnorrhs tntulhbhs bo lhs aciuknbhbos khtnvhs bo Ihbro bo Bncs. (MHVANH, 6001) Osth acyukturh dh suinbc ok lh pcfrozh h vhrncs hmrnaultcros dcy ackvortnbcs ok inkorcs. Îstcs, h su voz, nkvhbok lcs torrntcrncs nkbémokhs ok fusah bol crc ahushkbc nktorinkhflos ackglnatcs ack nkbémokhs, ospoanhliokto ok lhs aciuknbhbos Fhrrhkac Adnac, Qhk Jcsî bol Ehroko, Hrhzhnro bo Wnllh Qhktnhmc, Rros Nslhs y Fcah bol Nkhifhrn.. (MHVANH, 6001) Nkhifhrn Bosbo su arohanñk ok 8>46, lh crmhknzhanñk nkbémokh bo Ihbro bo Bncs, GOKHIHB, dh plhktohbc ukh sorno bo haanckos phrh bhr scluanñk h osto prcfloih. Ok ol høc 6000, h nksnstokanh bo lh crmhknzhanñk nkbémokh, ol Inknstornc bo Okorméh y Inkhs h trhvîs bo lh Bnroaanñk Mokorhl bo In koréh, crbokñ quo so rohlnzhrh ukh “Nkspoaanñk ospoanhl bo somurnbhb y iobnc hifnokto scfro oxplcthanckos hurégorhs ok tnorrhs bo lhs aciuknbhbos khtnvhs bo Fhrrhkac Adnac y Rros Nslhs’. Ok kcvnoifro bol 6000 lh

oiprosh okahrmhbh bo lh nkspoaanñk inkorh oktromñ hl Inknstornc bo Okorméh y Inkhs ol nkgcrio quo bothllh lh oxnstokanh bo inkorcs lomhlos o nlomhlos boshrrcllhkbc hatnvnbhbos inkorhs ok iès bo ?,000 doatèrohs bol torrntcrnc bo osths aciuknbhbos, ackthinkhkbc mrhvoiokto lhs guoktos bo hmuh bo acksuic duihkc y bo prcvnsnñk bo posahbc bo lhmcs y quofrhbhs, hsé acic bo oxtrhaanñk nlomhl bo ihborh bo osths aciuknbhbos. (GOKHIHB, 6000)  Hatuhliokto so bosackcao lh oxtoksnñk y acipcrthinoktc acipcrthinoktc bo lhs èrohs bogcrosthbhs pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh hurégorh ok tcbh lh romnñk bo Ihbro bo Bncs. Qomúk uk ostubnc rohlnzhbc pcr ol Nkstntutc bo Nkvostnmhanckos bo lh Hihzckéh Poruhkh, NNHP, ok ol høc 6006 ukhs =4?8 doatèrohs guorck bogcrosthbhs pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh, y ok ol høc 600?, ukhs 80?4? doatèrohs (NNHP, 6007).

 

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6.6. FHQOQ ROÑVNAHQ 6.6.8. Ol sokscrnhiokto roictc ñ tolobotoaanñk Lh tolobotoaanñk tolobotoaanñk os ukh tîaknah bo hbqunsnanñk hbqunsnanñk bo bhtcs bo lh suporgnano torrostro iobnhkto cfsorvhanñk roicth (roicto soksnkm), os boanr, h bnsthkanh, snk uk ackthatc ihtornhl oktro ol cfjotc cfsorvhbc (suporgnano torrostro c ihrnkh y htiñsgorh) y ol cfsorvhbcr (sokscr), fhshbh gukbhiokthliokto ok ol hkèlnsns y trhthinoktc bo lhs nièmokos cftoknbhs bosbo hvnckos y shtîlntos hrtngnanhlos, prophrhbcs phrh ollc ack bnvorscs sokscros ok gukanñk bol cfjotnvc. (Aduvnoac 8>>0) Lhs aèihrhs gctcmrègnahs gctcmrègnahs nksthlhbhs ok hvnckos so oipozhrck h utnlnz utnlnzhr hr h gnkhlos bo lh bîahbh bo 8>10 ack ol gnk bo gctcmrhgnhr romulhriokto lh suporgnano torrostro phrh, pcr ojoiplc, lovhkthr ihphs, romnstrhr lcs ahifncs ok lcs uscs bol suolc, plhkngnahr anubhbos u cfsorvhr cporhanckos inlnthros Lh tolobotoaanñk oktckaos so fhshfh ok lh gctcmrhgéh hîroh tcihbh bosbo uk hvnñk, tîaknah ackcanbh acic gctcnktorprothanñk. ( Aduvnoac, Aduvnoac, 8>>0)  8>>0)   Hatuhliokto, mrhanhs mrhanhs h lhs kuovhs toakclcméhs y lh nkgcriètnah, os bo vvnthl nthl nipcrthkanh ol boshrrcllc bo lh tolobotoaanñk osphanhl, bokcinkhbh hsé pcrquo lcs sokscros so nksthlhk ok plhthgcrihs osphanhlos, lc quo aciúkiokto bokcinkhics shtîlntos hrtngnanhlos. Lh bngorokanh gukbhiokthl oktro tolobotoaanñk osphanhl y gctcnktorprothanñk os quo lh prniorh so fhsh ok cfsorvhanckos auhktnthtnvhs y porinto ostnihr vhrnhflos thktc auhlnthtnvhs acic auhktnthtnvhs5 lh gctcnktorprothan gc tcnktorprothanñk ñk os, snk oifhrmc, ukh tîaknah auhlnthtnvh, hukquo sn so osahkoh ukh gctcmrhgéh hîroh vortnahl, so cftnoko ukh nihmok quo puobo trhthrso ack lhs insihs tîaknahs bnmnthlos quo so utnlnzhk ok tolobotoaanñk osphanhl,, snokbc ol prcaosc iès loktc y ok cahsnckos iokcs proansc. osphanhl proansc. (Aduvnoac, 8>>0)  8>>0)  h) Acipckoktos bo lh tolobotoaanñk osphanhl _k snstoih bo tolobotoaan tolobotoaanñk ñk osphanhl nkaluyo lcs oloioktcs snmunoktos: Guokto bo okorméh. okorméh.   Ok uk prcaosc bo tolobotoaanñk tnoko lumhr ukh nktorhaanñk okormîtnah oktro lh Rnorrh y ol sokscr. Lh guokto bo okorméh os ol crnmok bo lh rhbnhanñk oloatrcihmkîtnah quo botoath ol sokscr, fnok lh rhbnhbh pcr lcs cfjotcs, fnok lh roglojhbh pcr lh suporgnano torrostro. Ok osto últnic ahsc, lh guokto bo

 

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rhbnhanñk rhbnhan ñk puobo sor thktc ol Qcl (bh lumhr h lh tolobotoaanñk phsnvh) acic ol prcpnc sokscr (tolobotoaanñk hatnvh). Aufnorth torrostro. torrostro. Voanfo lh rhbnhanñk y lh roglojh c lh ointo, bo hauorbc h sus ahrhatoréstnahs. Qnstoih sokscr . Ostè ackstntunbc pcr ol sokscr prcpnhiokto bnadc y lh plhthgcrih ok lh quo so nksthlh. Ahpth lh okorméh prcaobokto bo lh aufnorth torrostro, lh acbngnah y porinto su llomhbh hl snstoih roaoptcr. Qnstoih roaoptcr . Voanfo lh nkgcrihanñk, lh mrhfh ok gcrihtc hboauhbc y lh bnstrnfuyo bnstrnfuy o h lcs nktoroshbcs. Nktîrproto.. Rrhksgcrih lcs bhtcs ok nkgcrihanñk toiètnah crnokthbh h lh gnkhlnbhb Nktîrproto bol ostubnc, yh soh bo gcrih vnsuhl c bo gcrih bnmnthl, puos oxnstok bnvorscs prcmrhihs bo trhthinoktc bo nièmokos. _suhrnc gnkhl gnkhl.. Hkhlnzh lh nihmok quo so bornvh bol prcaosc bosarntc y cftnoko ackalusnckos scfro lc quo ok ollh hphroao. Lcs anoktégnacs quo trhfhjhk ok tolobotoaanñk utnlnzhk groauoktoiokto crbokhbcros c aciputhbcrhs phrh iojcrhr lh ahlnbhb bo lhs nièmokos y acktrnfunr h lh hutcihtnzhanñk bo lh roacmnbh bo nkgcrihanñk, trhthinoktc bo bhtcs y ackgoaanñk bo ihphs. Acic ojoiplc bo uk snstoih bo tolobotoaanñk rosulth iuy prèatnac ol séinl ack lh vnsnñk duihkh. Lh luz sclhr (guokto bo okorméh) ointo su rhbnhanñk, quo so roglojh ok lh suporgnano bo lcs cfjotcs (aufnorth torrostro). Ol cjc duihkc roanfo lh okorméh roglojhbh (snstoih sokscr) y trhksinto lh soøhl hl aorofrc (snstoih roaoptcr), quo os ahphz bo gcrihr nièmokos. Ol nkbnvnbuc quo cfsorvh os nktîrproto y usuhrnc gnkhl. Qnk oifhrmc, ol ojoiplc hktorncr so lninth h lh rhbnhanñk quo bokcinkhics vnsnflo, pcr sor lh úknah poraoptnflo pcr ol cjc duihkc, lh auhl porinto quo lcs cfjotcs so vohk bo lcs aclcros quo nboktngnahics, acic caurro ack lh gctcmrhgéh hîroh h aclcr. Lh ihycréh bo lcs sokscros roictcs romnstrhk lh okorméh oloatrcihmkîtnah rhbnhbh c roglojhbh pcr lcs cfjotcs. Lh gcrih iès ghinlnhr bo okorméh oloatrcihmkîtnah os lh luz, auhkbc lh poléaulh bo ukh aèihrh so oxpcko h lh luz, ostè romnstrhkbc lh okorméh oloatrcihmkîtnah vnsnflo. Porc oxnstok snstoihs bo tolobotoaanñk quo so fhshk ok ol romnstrc bo okorméh oloatrcihmkîtnah nkvnsnflo, acic rhycs nkgrhrrcjcs c inarcckbhs. (Pnknllh, (Pnknll h, 8>>?)  8>>?)  f) Gcrihs bo okorméh oiplohbh Lh hbqunsnanñk bo nkgcrihanñk h bnsthkanh niplnah lh oxnstoka oxnstokanh nh bo uk glujc bo nkgcrihanñk oktro ol cfjotc cfsorvhbc y ol sokscr. Ol pcrthbcr bo osth nkgcrihanñk os

 

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lh rhbnhanñk oloatrcihmkîtnah, quo puobo sor ointnbh pcr ol cfjotc c prcaobor bo ctrc auorpc y dhfor snbc roglojhbh pcr osto. Rcbcs lcs auorpcs (plhkoths, soros vnvcs, cfjotcs) ointok rhbnhanñk oloatrcihmkîtnah, hukquo su ahktnbhb y tnpc bopokbo gukbhiokthliokto bo su toiporhturh. Ol prnkanphl oinscr bo okorméh ok ol snstoih sclhr os ol Qcl auyh rhbnhanñk, roglojhbh pcr lh Rnorrh y lcs cfjotcs sntuhbcs ok ollh, os lh iès aciúk ok tolobotoaanñk y lh quo kcs porinto vor lcs cfjotcs quo kcs rcbohk. Rhifnîk ol prcpnc sokscr puobo nkacrpcrhr uk oinscr bo rhbnhanñk auyc roglojc ok lh suporgnano suporgnan o torrostro os ahpthbc pcr îl pcstorncr pcstorncriokto. iokto. Lh tolobotoaan tolobotoaanñk ñk osphanhl porinto poranfnr ctrhs gcrihs bo okorméh ok uk ospoatrc iuadc iès hiplnc bo okorméh kc vnsnflo (rhycs ultrhvncloth, rhycs nkgrhrrcjcs c inarcckbhs), bosbo ukh porspoatnvh vortnahl y phkcrèinah. (Aduvnoac, 8>>0)  8>>0)  a) Ospoatrc oloatrcihmkîtnac Ol ospoatrc oloatrcihmkîtnac os ukh osahlh ok lh quo puobo sntuhrso auhlqunor ckbh bo okorméh. Ok bnadh osahlh so roprosokth lh groauokanh, hsé acic lh lckmntub bo ckbh bo lh rhbnhanñk oloatrcihmkîtnah, snokbc hifhs nkvorshiokto prcpcranckhlos, os boanr, h ihycr groauokanh iokcr lckmntub bo ckbh. Ok osth osahlh puobok bognknrso nktorvhlcs boktrc bo lcs auhlos lhs ckbhs oloatrcihmkîtnahs so acipcrthk bo gcrih sninlhr. Bnadcs nktorvhlcs so bokcinkhk fhkbhs c ahkhlos ospoatrhl ospoatrhlos os..  Lhs fhkbhs iès oiplohbhs ok tolobotoaan tolobotoaanñk ñk sck: Ospoatrc vnsnflo  vnsnflo  (0,2 h 0,= ¿i). Acnkanbo ack lhs lckmntubos bo ckbh bckbo os ièxnih lh rhbnhanñk sclhr. Quolok bnstnkmunrso tros fhkbhs gukbhiokthlos: hzul (0,2 h 0,? ¿i), vorbo (0,? h 0,7 ¿i) y rcjc (0,7 h 0,= ¿i), somúk lcs aclcros quo kuostrcs cjcs poranfok hl roanfnr ukh rhbnhanñk oloatrcihmkîtnah bo ahbh ukh bo oshs lckmntubos bo ckbh. Nkgrhrrcjc prñxnic prñxnic   (0,= h 8,1 ¿i). Rhifnîk llhihbc nkgrhrrcjc roglojhbc c gctcmrègnac, pcrquo phrto bo îl puobo botoathrso iobnhkto poléaulhs bcthbhs bo oiulsnckos ospoanhlos. Os bo mrhk utnlnbhb phrh bnsarninkhr ihshs vomothlos y ackaoktrhanckos ackaoktrhan ckos bo duiobhb. Nkgrhrrcjc iobnc iobnc (8,1  (8,1 h 4 ¿i). Ok osth fhkbh so oktroiozalhk lcs prcaoscs bo rogloxnñk bo luz sclhr y lcs bo oinsnñk prcpnh bo lh suporgnano torrostro. Os útnl phrh lh ostnihanñk bo duiobhb ok lh vomothanñk y botoaanñk bo gcacs bo hlth toiporhturh.

 

8= 8=  

 

Nkgrhrrcjc lojhkc c tîrinac (4 tîrinac  (4 h 82 ¿i). Nkaluyo lh oinsnñk prcpnh bo lh suporgnano torrostro, pcr lc quo os útnl phrh botoathr ol ahlcr quo ointok lhs aufnorths torrostros, c sus ahifncs bo toiporhturh. Inarcckbhs (h Inarcckbhs  (h phrtnr bo 8ii). _k rhbhr os uk sokscr hatnvc bo inarcckbhs. Osth fhkbh bo okorméh os fhsthkto trhksphrokto h lh aufnorth kufcsh. Qo dh utnlnzhbc phrh ackgoaanckhr ihphs bo lh suporgnano bo Wokus, quo ostè tcthliokto caulth pcr kufos iuy bokshs, phrh khvomhanñk caoèknah, phrh botoathr ahrhatoréstnahs moclñmnahs o, nkalusc, phrh ahlaulhr ol acktoknbc bo duiobhb bol suolc. Lh tolobotoaanñk osphanhl utnlnzh sokscros iultnospoatrhlos, quo porintok roprosokthr lh Rnorrh bosbo bngoroktos lckmntubos bo ckbh. Qck aèihrhs bo fhrrnbc quo kc utnlnzhk poléaulhs, snkc botoatcros oloatrñknacs quo romnstrhk rhbnhanckos oloatrcihmkîtnahs. Lcs sokscros nkgrhrrcjcs nkgrhrrcjcs y bo inarcckbhs romnstrhk okorméh oloatrcihmkîtnah nkvnsnflo. Ol ahlcr bo lcs cfjotcs puobo iobnrso pcr lh okorméh nkgrhrrcjh quo nrrhbnhk. Lcs sokscros nkgrhrrcjcs arohk nièmokos quo iuostrhk lhs vhrnhanckos bo toiporhturh ok ukh zckh. Lcs anoktégnacs oiplohk nièmokos nkgrhrrcjhs phrh botorinkhr lhs ackbnanckos bo vomothanñk, ostubnhr lcs ahifncs bo toiporhturh ok lh suporgnano bol hmuh, lcahlnzhr bhøcs ok ahkhlnzhanckos suftorrèkohs y romnstrhr botorinkhbcs haanboktos mocmrègnacs suporgnanhlos suporgnanhlos y suftorrèkocs. (Aduvnoac suftorrèkocs. (Aduvnoac 8>>0) b) Rnpcs bo roscluanckos bo nièmokos bo shtîlnto Lh shlnbh bo rhbnhanñk (ointnbh c roglojhbh) bo lh suporgnano torrostro os uk gokñiokc acktnkuc ok auhtrc bnioksnckos: osphanc, osphanc, tnoipc, lckmntub bo ckbh y rhbnhkanh rhbnhkanh (tcthl bo okorméh rhbnhbh pcr uknbhb bo èroh y pcr èkmulc sñlnbc bo iobnbh). Lh dhfnlnbhb phrh bnsarninkhr nkgcrihanñk bo bothllo quo tnoko uk sokscr so roacmo ok gukanñk bo oshs auhtrc a uhtrc prcpnobhbo prcpnobhbos: s: Voscluanñk osphanhl osphanhl.. Os ol thihøc bol péxol c uknbhb bo lckmntub iès poquoøh quo nboktngnah ol sokscr, os boanr, lh bnioksnñk bol cfjotc nkbopokbnokto iès poquoøc quo pcbrè hphroaor ok lh nihmok. Ok hlmukcs ahscs so oiploh uk ackaoptc rolhanckhbc ack ol péxol, snk sor lc insic: NGCW (ahipc nksthktèkoc bo vnsnñk), quo os lh soaanñk hkmulhr, bhbh ok rhbnhkos, cfsorvhbh ok uk icioktc botorinkhbc. _kh hlth roscluanñk osphanhl os bo mrhk utnlnbhb auhkbc ol bothllo osphanhl os aruanhl ok ol ostubnc hl quo so bostnkh, acic os ol ahsc bo lhs oxplcthanckos oxplcthan ckos inkorhs.

 

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Voscluanñk ospoatrhl ospoatrhl.. Nkbnah ol kúiorc y hkadurh bo lhs fhkbhs ospoatrhlos ok lhs quo ol sokscr puobo ahpthr rhbnhanñk oloatrcihmkîtnah. Os nipcrthkto ok ol ahsc bo lh ostnihanñk bo acsoadhs, puos porinto bnsarninkhr bngoroktos aultnvcs c rokbninoktcs bo lcs insics. Ok prnkanpnc auhkth iès fhkbhs nkaluyh uk sokscr, iojcr, yh quo ahbh fhkbh ackstntuyo ukh vhrnhflo phrh ahrhatornzhr lh suporgnano ahpthbh5 thifnîk os ghvcrhflo quo osths fhkbhs sohk ostroadhs phrh quo huiokto su pcbor bnsarninkhkto, puos sn lhs fhkbhs sck iuy hkadhs, vhk h roacmor vhlcros prciobnhbcs quo caulthrèk oloioktcs bo bngorokanhanñk. Vosulth iuadc iès nkgcrihtnvc ackthr ack 1 fhkbhs (rcjc, vorbo y hzul) ok ol vnsnflo quo ack ukh sclh fhkbh (gctcmrhgéh ok flhkac y komrc). Ol kúiorc bo fhkbhs y su lcahlnzhanñk ok ol ospoatrc vh h bopokbor bo lcs cfjotnvcs quo so protokbhk aufrnr ack lh puosth ok gukanckhin gukanckhinoktc oktc bol sokscr. Voscluanñk rhbnciîtrnah rhbnciîtrnah.. Dhao rogorokanh h lh soksnfnlnbhb bol sokscr, h su ahphanbhb phrh botoathr vhrnhanckos ok lh ihmkntub bo iobnbh bo okorméh ack lh quo trhfhjh, os boanr, hl kúiorc bo nktorvhlcs bo nktoksnbhb quo puobok ahpthrso. Quolo oxproshrso iobnhkto ol kúiorc bo fnts koaoshrncs quo so proanshk phrh hlihaokhr ahbh péxol. Pcr ojoiplc, Lhkbsht-RI utnlnzh 4 fnts, lc quo bh 6?7 knvolos bo okorméh (KB, Knvolos Bnmnthlos) quo puobok sor ahpthbcs. Auhktc ihycr soh lh proansnñk rhbnciîtrnah ihycr kúiorc bo bothllos pcbrèk ahpthrso ok lh nihmok. Voscluanñk toipcrhl. toipcrhl.   Nkbnah ol nktorvhlc bo tnoipc oktro ahbh nihmok cftoknbh pcr lh plhthgcrih, os boanr, lh porncbnanbhb ack lh quo ol sokscr hbqunoro nièmokos bo lh insih pcranñk bo lh suporgnano torrostro. Hbqunoro vnthl nipcrthkanh ok lcs shtîlntos iotocrclñmnacs. Os bo iobnh dcrh acic ièxnic ok ol ahsc bo lcs shtîlntos mocsékarckcs y vhrnhflo ok ol ahsc bo lcs shtîlntos dolncsékarckcs. Acic roanoktoiokto so dhk boshrrcllhbc shtîlntos bo iuy hlth roscluanñk osphanhl ack sokscros crnokthflos (lh zckh bo lh quo ahpthk nièmokos os rolhtnvhiokto nkbopokbnokto bo lh pcsnanñk quo caupo ol shtîlnto), lh roscluanñk toipcrhl phsh h sor hlmc iès gloxnflo. o) Rnpcs bo sokscros roictcs _kh alhsngnahanñk fèsnah bo lcs sokscros bngorokanh bngorokanh oktro sokscros hatnvcs (mokorhk su prcpnh rhbnhanñk y lh roanfok rofcthbh) y sokscros phsnvcs (roanfok rhbnhanñk ointnbh c roglojhbh pcr lh Rnorrh).  Rnorrh).  (Aduvnoac 8>>0). Oktro lcs sokscros phsnvcs bosthahk: lcs  

8> 8>  

 

gctcmrègnacs (aèihrhs gctcmrègnahs nksthlhbhs ok plhthgcrihs hîrohs), lcs oxplcrhbcros c rhbnñiotrcs bo fhrrnbc (sokscros ñptnac-oloatrñknacs quo ‛fhrrok– u csanlhk ok bnroaanñk porpokbnaulhr h lh trhyoatcrnh bol shtîlnto5 sck lcs iès dhfntuhlos ok tolobotoaanñk), lcs oxplcrhbcros bo oipujo (sokscros ñptnac-oloatrñknacs quo, h bngorokanh bo lcs oxplcrhbcros bo fhrrnbc, kc csanlhk ok bnroaanñk porpokbnaulhr h lh trhyoatcrnh snkc quo snmuok lh trhyoatcrnh bol shtîlnto), lhs aèihrhs bo véboc (iojcrhk lh roscluanñk bo lcs hktorncriokto iokanckhbcs yh quo hipléhk lh soøhl roanfnbh) y lcs rhbnñiotrcs bo inarcckbhs (sokscr ñptnac-oloatrñknac quo cporh ok rhkmcs bol ospoatrc vnsnflo bo lckmntubos bo ckbh lhrmhs, ovnthkbc hsé lcs prcfloihs bornvhbcs bo lhs ackbnanckos hticsgîrnahs y bo nluinkhanñk). nluinkhanñk). Lcs ospoatrñiotrcs bo nihmok nihmok   ackstntuyok ukh kuovh mokorhanñk bo nkstruioktcs auyh insnñk os cftokor nièmokos ok uk mrhk kúiorc bo fhkbhs ospoatrhlos (oktro 72 y 680 fhkbhs h nktorvhlcs bo 80-60 i) cftoknokbc uk ospoatrc ahsn acktnkuc bo rhbnhanñk. Pcr lc quo so rognoro h lcs sokscros hatnvcs, hatuhliokto so bnspcko bol rhbhr y ol lébhr (fhshbc ok toakclcméh lèsor). Ol rhbhr os uk rhbnñiotrc bo inarcckbhs bo khturhlozh hatnvh, os boanr, quo h bngorokanh bol bosarntc ok ol puktc hktorncr, so okahrmh bo ointnr lh soøhl phrh luomc nktorprothr lh rospuosth5 trhfhjh ok ukh fhkbh aciprokbnbh oktro 8 ii y 8 i5 bofnbc h su ahphanbhb phrh trhfhjhr hkto auhlqunor ackbnanñk hticsgîrnah, su usc so dh oxtokbnbc iuadc, ospoanhliokto ok zckhs ack acforturh kufcsh porsnstokto. Ol lébhr os uk sokscr sninlhr hl hktorncr, porc quo ointo pulscs bo luz pclhrnzhbh bo lckmntubos lckmnt ubos bo ckbh iuadc iès poquoøhs, ok lh grhkjh bol ospoatrc acrrospckbnokto acrrospckbnokto hl ultrhvncloth y hl nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc. Ok gukanñk bo lh crnokthanñk ack lh quo ol sokscr ahpth lhs nièmokos so bnstnkmuo oktro: sokscros bo crnokthanñk vortnahl, dhfntuhl ok shtîlntos bo roscluanñk osphanhl fhjh (IOROCQHR) c iobnh (LHKBQHR)5 bo crnokthanñk cflnauh, tépnah bol rhbhr5 y bo crnokthanñk icbngnahflo, quo hphroao ok lcs sokscros bo hlth roscluanñk (h phrtnr bol QPCR-NDW) y ok lcs quo so bnspcko pcr okahrmc lh crnokthanñk, lc quo porinto ihktokor ukhs olovhbhs roscluanckos osphanhl y toipcrhl (tnoipc bo rovnsnth)5 kc cfsthkto, su nkackvoknokto os quo os bngéanl okacktrhr nièmokos h pcstorncrn, yh quo sclc so tcihk hquollhs nièmokos quo so dhk okahrmhbc provnhiokto. (Aduvnoac, 8>>0)

 

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g)

Rnpcs bo plhthgcrihs bo tolobotoaanñk osphanhl

Lcs shtîlntos dhk rosulthbc sor iuy útnlos phrh ol boshrrcll boshrrcllc c bo snstoihs bo tolobotoaanñk. Lh Hmokanh Osphanhl Ourcpoh (OQH), lh Khanckhl Horckhutnas hkb Qphao  Hbinknstrhtnck  Hbinkn strhtnck (KHQH) bo Osthbcs _knbcs y lhs crmhknzhanckos crmhknzhanckos osphanhl osphanhlos os bo ctrcs phésos, acic Nkbnh (NQVC), Jhpñk (JHTH, hktnmuh KHQBH), Adnkh (AHQA) y Vusnh (NEN) dhk lhkzhbc shtîlntos bo cfsorvhanñk torrostro, thktc mocsékarckcs c mocosthanckhrncs acic dolncsékarckcs. Ostcs snstoihs bo tolobotoaanñk so oiplohk bo gcrih dhfntuhl phrh ol roackcaninoktc, lh ackgoaanñk bo ihphs y lh cfsorvhanñk bo lcs roaurscs y ol iobnc hifnokto bo lh Rnorrh. Rhifnîk so dhk oiplohbc phrh oxplcrhr ctrcs plhkoths. Lcs shtîlntos osthbcuknboksos LHKBQHR dhk prcpcranckhbc ukh okcrio ahktnbhb bo nkgcrihanñk scfro lh Rnorrh y so dhk ackvortnbc ok ol prcyoatc iès gruatégorc bo tolobotoaanñk, hlahkzhkbc, sclc dhsth 8>40, ukh acforturh bo 16 inllckos bo ei 6 y uk tcthl bo >7?.000 nièmokos hbqunrnbhs, ack uk thihøc bo péxol bo 0,76 doatèrohs. Ol prniorc, ol Lhkbsht-8, Lhkbsht-8, so  so lhkzñ ok 8>=65 ol Lhkbsht-= , ok 8>>>. Ol Lhkbsht-?  prcbuao   prcbuao nièmokos bo ahsn tcbh lh suporgnano torrostro ukh voz v oz ahbh 87 béhs. Lcs shtîlntos grhkaosos QPCR (Qystäio Prcfhtcnro b„Cfsorvhtnck bo lh Rorro) dhk snbc boshrrcllhbcs pcr ol Aoktrc Khanckhl bo Ostubncs Osphanhlos (AKOQ) grhkaîs, ok aclhfcrhanñk ack Fîlmnah y Quoanh. Qck yh ankac lcs lhkzhbcs y tros ostèk ok lh hatuhlnbhb hatuhlnbh b ok ñrfnth. Hlmukcs ghanlnthk nièmokos quo iuostrhk cfjotcs bo thk sclc 800 i6 bo suporgnano. Oxnstok kuiorcscs shtîlntos iotocrclñm iotocrclñmnacs, nacs, acic lh sorno ourcpoh Iotocsht, Iotocsht ,  quo oiplohk snstoihs bo tolobotoaanñk phrh prcbuanr nièmokos quo so utnlnzhk ok lh probnaanñk iotocrclñmnah Lcs sokscros roictcs bo ostcs shtîlntos puobok somunr ol icvninoktc bo lcs bngoroktos tnpcs bo kufos y romnstrhr lcs ahifncs bo toiporhturh ok lh htiñsgorh, ol acktoknbc bo vhpcr bo hmuh ok ol hnro, lh proanpnthanñk hauiulhbh, lh volcanbhb bo lcs vnoktcs c lh toiporhturh bol ihr. Ctrcs shtîlntos bo cfsorvhanñk iotocrclñmnah sck MCOQ (OO__), MIQ (Jhpñk), NKQHR (Nkbnh), IOROCV (Vusnh), KCHH (OO__) c GOKM^_K (Adnkh). Rhifnîk so llovhk h ahfc prcmrhihs bo cfsorvhanñk ack oqunpcs rhbhr: QOHQHR, QNV, OVQ, JOVQ-8, VHBHVQHR c lh insnñk QVRI bo lh KHQH, quo ostè ahrtcmrhgnhkbc lh suporgnano torrostro ok su tcthlnbhb. Ctrcs shtîlntos sck: OKWNQHR, ICQ, HIHZCKHQ, NVQ y BIQP.

 

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6.6.6. Ahrhatoréstnahs bol prcmrhih Lhkbsht Ol snstoih proaurscr bo Lhkbsht phrh roacloaanñk bo nkgcrihanñk snstoiètnah y mlcfhl guo aclcahbc ok ñrfnth pcr _.Q.H ok julnc bo 8>=6. Crnmnkhliokto so bokcinkñ OVRQ, Ohrtd Voscuraos Roadkclcmy Qhtollnto, porc ok 8>=? guo kcifrhbc acic Lhkbsht. Lh ackaopanñk quo hknihfh su gukanckhinoktc osthfh okihrahbh boktrc bo lh pclétnah Bo “anolcs  hfnortcs’,  ok lh porspoatnvh bo quo tcbcs lcs phésos y usuhrncs boféhk tokor lh pcsnfnlnbhb bo haaobor h lcs fokognancs bo lh oxplcrhanñk osphanhl. Pcstorncriokto bhbh lh hacmnbh bo lcs prcbuatcs Lhkbsht, so boihkbhrck ctrcs knvolos bo nkgcrihanñk iès ospoanhlnzhbh, quo so nkacrpcrhrck ok lhs sufsnmunoktos mokorhanckos bo LHKBQHR IOROCQHR, KCHH, MCOQ, KNIF_Q, ota. Lcs prniorcs bo lh sorno pcrthfhk vhrncs bnspcsntnvcs phrh lh botoaanñk bo lh suporgnano bo lh tnorrh. Ol prnkanphl y iès nipcrthkto os ol IQQ, Iultnospoatrhl Qahkkor, somunbc pcr ol Voturk Fohi Wnbnack VFW, sninlhr h ukh aèihrh bo tolovnsnñk. Ol IQQ cporñ ack îxntc ok lcs Lhkbsht 8, 6 y 1 ok lhs bîahbhs bo lcs =0 y lcs 40, prcpcranckhkbc nièmokos bo 84? Ei pcr lhbc y aufrnokbc 2 fhkbhs bo nkgcrihanñk, bcs ok ol vnsnflo y ctrhs bcs ok ol nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc. Ol snstoih Lhkbsht ahpth nkgcrihanñk oktro lcs 48° bo lhtntub kcrto y 48° lhtntub sur, iobnhkto ukh rob bo 87 osthanckos lhs quo okvéhk lh nkgcrihanñk hl Qphao Nihmnknm²s Nihmo Bhth Prcaossnkm Ghanlnty ufnahbc ok Lhkdhi, Ihrylhkb. Lcs Lhkbsht 2 y ?, guorck aclcahbcs ok ukh ñrfnth dolncsnkarñknah bo =00 ei bo hlturh, ack uk porncbc bo 87 béhs, snk oifhrmc, ghllhs tîaknahs ok ol Lhkbsht 2 lc shahrck bo cporhanñk acrtc tnoipc bospuîs bo dhfor snbc puostc ok ñrfnth. Hl Lhkbsht ? lhkzhbc ok 8>42 so lo ostniñ ukh vnbh útnl dhsth 8>4> porc, lninthanckos prosupuosthrnhs, hiplnhrck osto lhpsc y os pcsnflo, h lh goadh, cftokor nièmokos bo osto shtîlnto. Ol sokscr iès nipcrthkto bo osth sorno hboiès bol IQQ, os ol RI, Rdoihtna Ihppor, quo nkvcluarh ihycr roscluanñk osphanhl y ospoatrhl quo ol IQQ. Lcs sokscros Lhkbsht so bosarnfok h acktnkuhanñk ok lh thflh K° 06: Rhflh K°06: Osthbc hatuhl bo lcs shtîlntos bo lh sorno Lhkbsht Qhtîlnto Lhkbsht 8 Lhkbsht 6 Lhkbsht 1 Lhkbsht 2 Lhkbsht ? Lhkbsht =

Lhkzhinoktc 61/0=/8>=6 66/08/8>=? 0?/01/8>=4 87/0=/8>46 08/01/8>42 87/02/8>>>

Cporhanñk 07/08/8>=4 6?/06/8>46 18/01/8>>1 82/86/8>>1 Qorvnanc Qorvnanc

Qokscros IQQ y VFW IQQ y VFW IQQ y VFW RI y IQQ RI y IQQ ORI

Guokto: Khsh, 8>>>

 

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h) Qokscr iultnospoatrhl (IQQ)  (IQQ)  Lcs prniorcs shtîlntos bo lh sorno Lhkbsht nkacrpcrhrck uk osaèkor iultnospoatrhl, quo orh uk bnspcsntnvc bo fhrrnbc ioaèknac quo tcihfh bhtcs bo lh suporgnano bo lh tnorrh ok auhtrc fhkbhs ospoatrhlos sniultèkohiokto, osto fhrrnbc so cftnoko pcr iobnc bo uk ospojc csanlhkto plhkc quo rhstroh ok soktnbc Osto - Costo porpokbnaulhr hl icvninoktc bol shtîlnto. Ol acipckokto lckmntubnkhl osth bhbc pcr lh prcpnh trhyoatcrnh bol shtîlnto. Lh okorméh ahpthbh os roglojhbh h uk mrupc bo botoatcros quo prcbuaok uk vclthjo bo hauorbc ack lh ahktnbhb bo okorméh roanfnbh5 lh bnioksnñk bol pnxol os bo ?7 x => i (0.76 dh)5 llh h osaokh tcthl quo ahpth ol shtîlnto shtîlnto tnoko ukh bnioksnñk bo 84? x 84? ei. Osto sokscr bnspcko bo nièmokos bosbo 8>=1. Lhs fhkbhs nkalunbhs ok osto shtîlnto porintok botoathr roaurscs débrnacs, vomothlos y inkorcs hsé acic thifnîk hspoatcs hktrñpnacs, acic èrohs urfhkhs y véhs bo aciuknahanñk y phrèiotrcs scfro lh hatnvnbhb bo lhs plhkths. Lh rutnkh bo acloaanñk bo nkgcrihanñk bol IQQ ok lcs Lhkbsht 2 y ? torinkñ ok 8>>6. (Hrhkmc 6006) f) Qnstoih Voturk Fohi Wnbnack  Wnbnack  Osth guo ukh pcborcsh aèihrh bo tolovnsnñk ahphz bo tcihr ukh nihmok nksthktèkoh bo lh tnorrh. Ok lh sorno Lhkbsht so utnlnzhrck ut nlnzhrck nknanhliokto bcs tnpcs bo aèihrhs, b bo o tnpc oloatrc-ñptnac quo prcbuaok nièmokos ack thihøc bo pnxol bo ukc 40 T 40 i. Ok ol Lhkbsht 1 so nkacrpcrhk bcs aèihrhs bo tolovnsnñk bo ihkorh quo ahpthfhk pnxolos bo thihøc 20 T 20 i. Qnk oifhrmc kuiorcscs ghllcs tîaknacs los dhk rosthbc utnlnbhb y ok lh hatuhlnbhb, hl nmuhl quo ol IQQ kc so okauoktrhk cporhtnvcs. a) Qokscr Rdoihtna Ihppor (RI)  (RI)  Osto sokscr dh snbc nkalunbc ok lcs últnics shtîlntos bo lh sorno Lhkbsht y snmkngnah uk kcthflo huioktc ok lh ahlnbhb bo lhs nièmokos quo prcpcranckh. Lhs ahrhatoréstnahs bol RI guorck ospoanhliokto soloaanckhbhs phrh ihxninzhr lh botoaanñk y somuninoktc bo lhs bngoroktos acforturhs bo lh suporgnano torrostro. Ol RI os uk sokscr oloatrc-ñptnac sninlhr hl IQQ porc h lh voz bo ahrhatoréstnahs ospoatrhlos iès bothllhbhs. Nkaluyo snoto fhkbhs ospoatrhlos (tros ok lh romnñk vnsnflo, tros ok nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc y ukh ok ol tîrinac). Lh fhkbh 8 prcpcranckh nkgcrihanñk scfro èrohs aufnorths bo hmuh, fhtniotréh h lc lhrmc bo lcs fcrbos acstorcs, thifnîk so ush phrh lh bngorokanhanñk bo suolcs y vomothanñk y lh bnstnkanñk bo anortcs tnpcs gcrosthlos. Lh fhkbh fhkbh 6 bol RI ahpth lh rogloathkanh bol aclcr vorbo, scfro tc tcbc bc ok èrohs ack vomothanñk boksh. Lh fhkbh 1 botoath lh hfscranñk bo okorméh pcr phrto bo lh alcrcgnlh bo lhs plhkths. Lh fhkbh 2 ahpth lcs ièxnics bo rogloathkanh bo lh vomothanñk  

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ok lh zckh bol nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc y hpcrth h lh bngorokanhanñk bo lh nktorghao tnorrh hmuh. Lhs bcs fhkbhs acrrospckbnoktos hl nnkgrhrrcjc kgrhrrcjc iobnc, fhkbhs ? y =, so ushk ok ostubncs phrh bngorokanhr ol suolc bo lh vomothanñk y bnsarninkhr oktro rcahs y tnpcs inkorhlos. Lh fhkbh torihl, bol nkgrhrrcjc tîrinac c fhkbh 7 bol RI so ush phrh lh nboktngnahanñk bo prcaoscs dnbrctorihlos. Ol Lhkbsht 2 y ? RI prosokthk ukh roscluanñk osphanhl bo 10i x 10i (>00 i 6) ok lhs fhkbhs 8, 6, 1, 2, ? y =. Lh fhkbh 7 prosokth ukh roscluanñk bo 860i x 860i (thflh K° 01). Rhflh K°01: Fhkbhs ospoatrhlos y roscluanñk bol sokscr Rdoihtna Ihppor Fhkbh K°

Hiplntub bo fhkbh (¿i)

8 6 1 2 ? 7 =

0.2? - 0.?6 0.?6 - 0.70 0.71 - 0.7> 0.=7 - 0.>0 8.?? - 8.=? 80.20 - 86.?0 6.04 - 6.1?

Guokto: Khsh, 8>>>

Vospuosth ospoatrhl Hzul-vorbo Worbo Vcjc Nr ‑ Aorahkc Nr ‑ Iobnc Nr ‑ Rorihl Nr ‑ Iobnc

Voscluanñk (i) 10 10 10 10 10 860 10

Ol lhkzhinoktc bol Lhkbsht 7 grhahsñ bofnbc ukh sorno bo ghllhs ok tcihr lh ñrfnth acrrospckbnokto quo lc bo bojhrck jhrck snk cporhanñk, acks acksoauoktoiokto oauoktoiokto lcs Lhkbsht 2 y ? porihkoanorck ok cporhanñk ack 87 høcs bo sorvnanc, h poshr bo osthr bnsoøhbcs phrh cporhr ? c 7 høcs. Ol Lhkbsht = guo puostc ok ñrfnth ok hfrnl bo 8>>> y so okauoktrh ok sorvnanc. (KHQH1, 8>>>) b) Qokscr Rdoihtna Ihppor rhbnciotor rhbnciotor (RI +) +)   Ol Lhkbsht = tnoko lh ahphanbhb phrh rohlnzhr somuninoktc bo prcaoscs h osahlh bothllhbh bothll hbh y bo osahlh mlcfhl sniulthkoh, acic sck lcs prcaoscs bo lcs analcs hkuhlos bo aroaninoktc bo lh vomothanñk, bogcrosthanñk, bomrhbhanñk bo suolcs hmréaclhs, hauiulhanñk hauiulhan ñk bo knovo, ota. Ol Lhkbhs = guo lhkzhbc ol 8? bo hfrnl bo 8>>> bosbo ]ostork Rost Vhkmo ht Whkbokfurm Hnr Gcrao Fhso, llovhkbc ol sokscr Okdhkaob Rdoihtna Ihppor Plus, (ORI+) boshrrcllhbc pcr Vhytdock Qhkth Fhrfhrh Voicto Qoksnkm nk Qhkth Fhrfhrh, 1

 KHQH, snmlhs bo Khtnckhl Horckhutnas hkb Qphao Hbinknstrhtnck, crmhknzhanñk bol mcfnorkc bo Osthbcs _knbcs

gukbhbh ok 8>?4 ack lh insnñk bo nkvostnmhr, plhkngnahr y bnrnmnr tcbhs lhs hatnvnbhbos horckèutnahs y osphanhlos bol phés, oxaoptuhkbc lhs quo tuvnorhk gnkos inlnthros ok soktnbc ostrnatc. 

 

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Ahlngcrknh Ahlngcrkn h y tnoko uk tnoipc t noipc bo rovnsnth bo 87 béhs, h ukh ñrfnth bo =0? Ei. bo hlturh bo lh tnorrh. Ol RI+ os uk nkstruioktc bnsoøhbc ack cadc fhkbhs (iultnospoatrhl sahkknkm rhbnciotor) ahphz bo prcvoor ukh hlth roscluanñk osphanhl, ol RI + romnstrh rhbnhanñk ok ol vnsnflo, nkgrhrcjc aorahkc, lckmntub bo ckbh acrth, o nkgrhrrcjc torihl. Lh roscluanñk kcinkhl os bo 8? iotrcs ok lh fhkbh phkarciètnah y 10 iotrcs ok lhs sons fhkbhs bol vnsnflo, nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc y lckmntubos acrths y, 70 iotrcs ok ol nkgrhrrcjc torihl, ol Lhkbhs ]crlb-]nbo-Vogorokao Qystoi (]VQ), ahthlcmc bol iukbc, acktnoko ?=.=42 osaokhs, ahbh ukh bo 841 enlñiotrcs bo hkadc pcr 8=0 enlñiotrcs bo lhrmc. Ahbh nihmok so hlihaokh ok 1.4 Mnmhfnts bo bhtcs. 6.6.1. Rrhthinoktc bo nièmokos bo shtîlnto _kh voz lcs sokscros osphanhlos osphanhlos dhk aciplothbc ol prcaosc bo roacmnbh bo nkgcrihanñk, y osth dh snbc okvnhbh hl snstoih roaoptcr, bofo sor prcaoshbh y bnspuosth ok gcrihtcs lomnflos phrh lcs usuhrncs gnkhlos. Ol trhthinoktc bo lh nkgcrihanñk puobo hfcrbhrso hfcrbhrso bosbo bcs okgcquos: vnsuhl y bnmnthl. h) Rrhthinoktc vnsuhl.-  vnsuhl.-  Lcs vhlcros quo kcs bovuolvok lcs sokscros bnmnthlos sck trhksgcrihbcs h nktoksnbhbos bo luz, mokorèkbcso hsé prcbuatcs ahsn gctcmrègnacs, susaoptnflos bo nktorprothanñk vnsuhl. Os aciúkiokto utnlnzhbc ok lh olhfcrhanñk bo ahrtcmrhgéh moclñmnah, ihphs bo vomothan v omothanñk ñk y icrgclcméh urfhkh (plhkcs). f) Rrhthinoktc bnmnthl.- Mrhanhs hl okcrio boshrrcllc bo bnsanplnkhs acic lh nkmoknoréh nkgcriètnah y lhs toloaciuknahanckos, dhk snbc pcsnflos iojcrhs iuy nipcrthktos, thktc bosbo ol puktc bo vnsth auhktnthtnvc acic auhlnthtnvc, h lh dcrh bo prcaoshr lh nkgcrihanñk shtolnthl. Osto tnpc bo trhthinoktc hprcvoadh lh ackvorsnñk hkhlñmnah-bnmnthl rohlnzhbh ok ol shtîlnto phrh, iobnhkto ol usc bo dorrhinokths bo scgtwhro scgtwhro   y dhrbwhro dhrbwhro,, hutcihtnzhr y hmnlnzhr lhs throhs bo nktorprothanñk bo lhs nièmokos. Iobnhkto osths tîaknahs, ahbh ukc bo lcs péxolos quo acipckok lhs nièmokos sck trhthbcs bo gcrih nkbopokbnokto, bo icbc quo, h ahbh ukc y ok gukanñk bo lh vhrnhflo quo so ostî utnlnzhkbc, ol scgtwhro scgtwhro   oiplohbc lo hsnmkh uk vhlcr bo Knvol Bnmnthl ackarotc. Ol Knvol Bnmnthl (KB) os ol vhlcr kuiîrnac quo roglojh ol vhlcr rhbnhbc pcr ol cfjotc ok ol icioktc bo sor tcihbh lh nihmok. Bnadc vhlcr kuiîrnac quobh hlihaokhbc ok ahbh péxol. Ol iîtcbc bo trhthinoktc bnmnthl rosulth iès gnhflo y hpcrth iès pcsnfnlnbhbos bo

 

6? 6?  

 

oxplcthanñk bo lh nkgcrihanñk5 snk oifhrmc, roqunoro ukh ihycr nkvorsnñk oackñinah quo ol hkhlñmnac. Dhy bcs alhsos bo nièmokos: lhs WNQ y lhs NV. • _kh nihmok vnsnflo (WNQ) os hquollh quo tcih uk shtîlnto o k ol llhihbc ahkhl c fhkbh vnsnflo. Ok osto ahkhl, ol shtîlnto ‛vo– lh Rnorrh acic ukh porsckh lh voréh sn

ostuvnorh boktrc bol shtîlnto inrhkbc pcr lh vokthknllh: so ahpthk lcs cfjotcs bopokbnokbc bo añic roglojhk lh luz sclhr, os boanr, bo su ahphanbhb phrh roglojhr lcs rhycs sclhros. Osto os uk nkackvoknokto, puos os nipcsnflo tokor nièmokos bol porncbc kcaturkc5 lcs ahkhlos bo tolovnsnñk ok sus nkgcrihtnvcs iotocrclñmnacs kc suolok ushr osths nièmokos. • _kh nihmok nkgrhrrcjh (NV) os lh quo uk shtîlnto  tcih ok ol llhihbc ahkhl c fhkbh

nkgrhrrcjh. Acic tcbcs lcs auorpcs ostèk h ukh botorinkhbh toiporhturh, ointok rhbnhanñk tîrinah, hukquo ol cjc duihkc, soksnflo h lh luz vnsnflo c ‛flhkah–, kc

puobh vorlh. Ok osto ahkhl, ol shtîlnto botoath oscs gcacs tîrinacs y os ahphz bo mokorhr ihphs tîrinacs bo lhs suporgnanos oinscrhs torrostros quo ostî oxplcrhkbc y pcsohk ukh toiporhturh bo frnllc. Hl sor nkbopokbnokto quo lcs cfjotcs y ostruaturhs ostîk nluinkhbhs pcr ol Qcl, dhy nkgcrihanñk ok ol ahkhl NV burhkto lhs 62 dcrhs bol béh y pcr ollc lcs ahkhlos bo tolovnsnñk suolok ushr osths nièmokos ok sus nkgcrihtnvcs. Hukquo lhs nièmokos NV so suolok roprosokthr ok ukh osahlh bo mrnsos, so dhk tcihbc ostcs ackvokncs: h ihycr toiporhturh bo oinsnñk, tckhlnbhb iès csaurh. Os ackvoknokto dhaor ol hkèlnsns bo lh nihmok NV cfsorvhkbc su dciñlcmh WNQ burhkto ol béh. 6.6.2. Lcs snstoihs bo nkgcrihanñk mocmrègnah Lcs Qnstoihs bo Nkgcrihanñk Nkgcrihanñk Mocmrègnah (QNM), nktorvnokok ok lhs últnihs ghsos bo lhs quo acipckok uk prcaosc bo tolobotoaanñk, iès ackarothiokto ok lc quo hktorncriokto hktorncriokt o so bognkéh acic lcs oloioktcs nktîrproto y usuhrnc gnkhl. Bcthrèk hl nktîrproto bo ukh dorrhinokth quo lo porintnrè acrromnr, fhsèkbcso ok bhtcs bh tcs mocmrègnacs oxnstoktos, lhs nièmokos shtolnthlos, mhrhktnzhkbc ukcs iéknics bo ahlnbhb sugnanoktos phrh sor nktorprothbhs. Porc os ol usuhrnc gnkhl ol quo iès y iojcr phrtnbc vh h shahr bo lcs QNM, puos lo cgroaok ahphanbhb bo hlihaokhinoktc y prcaoshbc bo lh nkgcrihanñk, hsé acic iultntub bo dorrhinokths bo hkèlnsns o nktomrhanñk bo bnvorshs vhrnhflos cftoknbhs h phrtnr bo oscs insics bhtcs, aorrhkbc

 

67 67  

 

hsé uk prcaosc quo so nknanhfh ack lh tcih bo lhs nièmokos, y quo vh h porintnr h anoktégnacs y tîaknacs bo bnvorshs bnsanplnkhs prcgosnckhlos y bo nkvostnmhanñk hprcvoadhr osths tîaknahs phrh pckorlhs hl sorvnanc bo lh scanobhb y bo lh anokanh. Acic ojoiplc sokanllc y osquoiètnac os iuy oxplnahtnvc ol ahsc bo lh oxplcthanñk bo bhtcs prcaoboktos bo uk prcaosc bo tolobotoaanñk, y su hplnahanñk phrh lh ovhluhanñk y provokanñk bo ahtèstrcgos khturhlos, pcr ojoiplc, lhs nkukbhanckos prcvcahbhs pcr lluvnhs tcrrokanhlos. Ol tîaknac, mrhanhs h lh tolobotoaanñk, roacpnlh ukh sorno bo nièmokos quo, ukh voz acrromnbhs y hlihaokhbhs iobnhkto dorrhinokths QNM, puobo oxplcthr cftoknokbc hsé vhrnhflos bo vnthl nipcrthkanh phrh lh ovhluhanñk y provokanñk bo hvoknbhs. Qck iultntub lhs vhrnhflos quo ol tîaknac puobo oxtrhor y hkhlnzhr iobnhkto uk QNM5 ukhs bo gcrih bnroath, acic sck lcs ahubhlos bo hvoknbh, lhs volcanbhbos bol hmuh ok bnstnktcs puktcs, lhs bnioksnckos bo lh ihkadh bo nkukbhanñk y lhs hgoaanckos prcbuanbhs5 y ctrhs bo gcrih nkbnroath, acic lh ovhluhanñk bo lcs niphatcs oackñinacs quo osths prcbuaok c lcs rnosmcs quo botorinkhbhs hatnvnbhbos duihkhs tnokok phrh ol iobnc hifnokto y ol sor duihkc. Porc ol usuhrnc gnkhl kc tnoko quo sor snoipro uk tîaknac ospoanhlnsth5 uk ostubnhkto bo fhadnllorhtc c ukh porsckh auhlqunorh bosbo ahsh so puobo ackvortnr ok usuhrnc bo tolobotoaanñk h trhvîs bo dorrhinokths QNM quo ostèk ok Nktorkot. Dhy pèmnkhs wof quo ackstntuyok uk QNM ok sé insihs, lc quo ok torinkclcméh bo Nktorkot so llhihk sorvnbcros bo ihphs. Bnadcs sorvnbcros tnokok acic guokto bo bhtcs bnvorscs shtîlntos, quo mrhanhs h lcs QNM pckok h bnspcsnanñk bol usuhrnc bo Nktorkot nkgcrihanñk ahrtcmrègnah vhlncsh o nktoroshkto. Lcs QNM sck, pcr thktc, lcs snstoihs quo, pcr su khturhlozh, iojcr porintok oxplcthr lcs bhtcs quo lh tolobotoaanñk hpcrth. 6.6.?. Ékbnao bngorokanhl bo vomothanñk kcrihlnzhbc (KBWN) Ol Ékbnao bngorokanhl bo vomothanñk kcrihlnzhbc, kcrihlnzhbc, thifnîk ackcanbc acic KBWN pcr sus snmlhs ok nkmlîs, ok nkmlîs, os  os uk ékbnao ushbc phrh ostnihr lh ahktnbhb, ahlnbhb y boshrrcll boshrrcllc c bo lh vomothanñk ok fhso h lh iobnanñk, pcr iobnc bo sokscros roictcs nksthlhbcs aciúkiokto bosbo ukh plhthgcrih osphanhl, bo lh nktoksnbhb bo lh rhbnhanñk lh  rhbnhanñk bo anorths fhkbhs bol  bol  ospoatrc oloatrcihmkîtnac oloatrcihmkîtnac quo lh vomothanñk ointo c roglojh. (Pobrobrcs ot hl 6002) (Worbnk ot hl 6001) Lhs plhkths hfscrfok rhbnhanñk sclhr ok lh romnñk ospoatrhl bo  bo   rhbnhanñk gctcsnktîtnah hatnvh,   lh auhl os ushbh acic guokto bo okorméh ok ol prcaosc bo gctcséktosns. hatnvh, gctcséktosns.   Lhs aîlulhs vomothlos dhk ovcluanckhbc phrh bnsporshr lh rhbnhanñk sclhr ok lh romnñk ospoatrhl bol nkgrhrrcjc bol nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc, lh auhl llovh hprcxnihbhiokto lh inthb bol tcthl bo lh okorméh sclhr, bofnbc sclhr, bofnbc h quo ol knvol bo okorméh pcr  gctñk   gctñk ok oso bcinknc (bo  (bo  lckmntub

 

6= 6=  

 

bo ckbh ihycr h lcs =00 =00 ki)  ki) kc  kc os sugnanokto phrh snktotnzhr lhs lhs iclîaulhs  iclîaulhs crmèknahs:  crmèknahs:  ukh guorto hfscranñk ok osto puktc sñlc ahushréh ok uk scfroahlokthinoktc bo lh plhkth quo bhøhréh lcs tojnbcs. Pcr lc thktc, lh vomothanñk hphroao rolhtnvhiokto rolhtnvhiokto csaurh ok lh romnñk bo rhbnhanñk gctcsnktîtnah hatnvh y rolhtnvhiokto frnllhkto ok ol nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc (Mhtos, 8>40) Ok acktrhsto, lhs kufos y lh knovo tnokbok h sor fhsthkto frnllhktos ok ol rcjc hsé acic thifnîk ok ctrhs lckmntubos bo ckbh vnsnflos, y fhsthkto csaurh ok ol nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc. Bofnbc h quo lcs prniorcs nkstruioktcs ushbcs phrh lh cfsorvhanñk torrostro, thlos acic ol Qhtîlnto bo Roakclcméh bo Voaurscs Rorrostros (Ohrtd-Voscuraos Roadkclcmy Qhtollnto, Qhtollnto , OVRQ) boshrrcllhbc pcr lh  Hbinknstrhan  Hbinknstrhanñk ñk Khanckhl bo Horckèutnah y bol Osphanc bo lcs Os Osthbcs thbcs _knbcs (KHQH) (KHQH) y  y ol Vhbnñiotrc  Hvhkzhbc bo Iuy Hlth Voscluanñk ( Hbvhkaob  Hbvhkaob Wory Dnmd Vosclutnck Vhbnciotor ,  HWDVV) bo lh Hbinknstrhanñk lh Hbinknstrhanñk Khanckhl Caoèknah y Hticsgîrnah bo lcs Osthbcs _knbcs (KCHH),, hbqunréhk bhtcs ok ol rcjc o nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc, guo khturhl dhaor usc bo lhs (KCHH) ihrahbhs bngorokanhs ok lh rogloxnñk vomothl phrh botorinkhr su bnstrnfuanñk osphanhl ok lhs nièmokos shtolnthlos. Qomúk Vcuso ot hl.  hl.  8>=2, Ol ékbnao bngorokanhl bo vomothanñk kcrihlnzhbc, KBWN, so ahlaulh h phrtnr bo osths iobnbhs nkbnvnbuhlos bo lh snmunokto oauhanñk:

Ok bckbo lhs vhrnhflos VCJC o NV Aorahkc ostèk bognknbcs pcr lhs iobnbhs bo rogloxnñk ospoatrhl hbqunrnbhs ok lhs romnckos bol rcjc o nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc, rospoatnvhiokto. Osths rogloxnckos ospoatrhlos sck ok sé acanoktos bo lh rhbnhanñk roglojhbh scfro lh rhbnhanñk oktrhkto ok ahbh fhkbh ospoatrhl nkbnvnbuhl5 pcr thktc, îstcs tcihk vhlcros oktro uk rhkmc bo 0,0 h 8,0. Ol ékbnao bngorokanhl bo vomothanñk kcrihlnzhbc, KBWN, vhréh acic acksoauokanh oktro -8,0 y +8,0. Lh nkvostnmhanñk llovhbh h ahfc bospuîs prcfñ quo ol ékbnao bngorokanhl bo vomothanñk kcrihlnzhbc, KBWN, ostè bnroathiokto rolhanckhbc ack lh ahphanbhb gctcsnktîtnah y, pcr thktc, ack lh hfscranñk bo okorméh pcr lh acforturh hrfñroh. (Qhllors, 8>4?) 6.6.7. Inkoréh ok Ihbro bo Bncs Lh inkoréh os ukh hiplnh mhih bo hatnvnbhbos inkorhs ack bnvorshs ahrhatoréstnahs (Icsquorh, 6007), soøhlh quo sus hatnvnbhbo hatnvnbhboss puobok sor alhsngnahbhs ok:

  Lh h hatnvnbhb atnvnbhb bo sufsnstokanh os ol hprcvoadhinoktc bo lc lcss roaursc roaurscss iès

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gèanlos ok gcrih prèatnah, ihkuhl, ushkbc tîaknahs oloiokthlos,

 

64 64  

 

roprosokth pcr lc mokorhl ukh hatnvnbhb osthanckhl y aciploiokthrnh h ctrhs oackciéhs fhshbhs ok ol trhfhjc ghinlnhr.   Lh inkoréh hrtoshkhl os ukh hatnvnbhb crmhknzhbh crmhknzhbh,, p porihkokto orihkokto ack alhrh



vcahanñk bo gcrihlnzhanñk y boshrrcllc prcbuatnvc, oxplcth ol roaursc bo gèanl

hprcvoadhinoktc

ack

oloioktcs

soin-ioahknzhbcs

y

lh

acktrhthanñk bo uk poquoøc kúiorc bo trhfhjhbcros.   Lh inkoréh bo poquoøh osahlh os u ukh kh hatnvnbh hatnvnbhb b lomh lomhlnzhbh, lnzhbh, io ioahknzhbh ahknzhbh y



mostnckhbh oiproshrnhliokto, ack mrhbc bo ackcaninoktc bo prèatnahs inkorhs y rospckshfnlnbhbos scanhlos y hifnokthlos. Lh gcrihlnzhanñk os gukbhiokthliokto uk prcaosc quo tnoko bngoroktos othphs. Qus othphs sck bo bosaufrninoktc, crmhknzhanñk, lomhlnzhanñk y trhksgcrihanñk. Ok thl soktnbc, tcbhs lhs uknbhbos IHPO phshk pcr uk prcaosc bo gcrihlnzhanñk quo kc sñlc niplnah lomhlnbhb kcrihtnvh snkc thifnîk crmhknzhanñk y boshrrcllc toakclñmnac. Qus bnioksnckos puobok sor ahrhatornzhbhs acic bo gnkhkanhinoktc c arîbntc bo haaosc, lomnslhanñk, lomnsl hanñk, gcrthloaninoktc nkstntuanckhl, mostnñk hifnokthl, gcrthloaninoktc bo lh mostnñk lcahl phrtnanphtnvh, phrtnanphtnvh, mokorhanñk y haaosc h lh nkgcrihanñk y ackbnanckos bo trhfhjc. h) Iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk Inkorh  H acktnkuhanñk acktnkuhanñk so bosarnfo frovoiokto frovoiokto lcs lcs bnstnktcs iîtcbcs bo bo cporhanñk:   Nkmoknc.- Aciúkiokto prhatnahbc ok zckh bo pnoboickto. Qo boshrrcllh



burhkto tcbc ol høc aorah bo lcs récs y quofrhbhs5 y ok lh îpcah bo lluvnhs, ok lhs phrtos hlths y suporgnanhlos bo lhs “torrhzhs aclmhbhs’. Qo

utnlnzhk pnacs y lhiphs phrh hlniokthr ol ihtornhl hluvnhl h ukh haoqunh ackstrunbh ihkuhliokto pcr bckbo so dhao phshr uk glujc bo hmuh (bo ukh quofrhbh, réc c pczh hrtngnanhl) quo ackbuao ol ihtornhl h ukh ahkhloth bo roauporhanñk. (Èlvhroz ot. hl , 6088)    Ahrrotnllh.-  Acksnsto ok ol hrihbc bo ukh tclvh nkalnkhbh scfro uk



ahfhlloto bo ihborh y uk “trnhkmulc’ bo phlcs quo l c scpcrth y iobnhkto

ol auhl ol inkorc romulh lh nkalnkhanñk bo lh tclvh. Qcfro lh tclvh os aclcahbh plèstnac, y okanih, ukh hlgcifrh quo tnoko pcr gukanñk htrhphr lhs phrtéaulhs gnkhs y poshbhs. Ok lh phrto iès hlth bo lh tclvh os aclcahbh ukh zhrhkbh (mokorhliokto os ukh plhkadh iotèlnah

 

6> 6>  

 

ackgoaanckhbh h phrtnr bo uk anlnkbrc ack porgcrhanckos bo 8 h 8,? pulmhbhs) phrh sophrhr ol ihtornhl mruosc. (Hrhkh, 6001).     Ahkhloth.- Ok ol iîtcbc bo lh ahkhloth, h bngorokanh bo lh ahrrotnllh, ol



ihtornhl kc os bosahrmhbc bnroathiokto ok lh zhrhkbh snkc ok uk ahkhl hfnortc scfro ol torrokc bckbo so fcifoh ol hmuh h gnk bo hrrhstrhr ol lcbc dhsth lh zhrhkbh y tclvh. Osto iîtcbc os hplnahbc thktc ok plhyhs acic ok ickto. (Èlvhroz ot. hl , 6088)    Hrrhstro.-  Hplnahbc mokorhliokto m okorhliokto ok zckhs bo pnoboickto. Qo ogoatúhk



progoroktoiokto ok lhs phrtos hlths bo lcs hahktnlhbcs bo lhs torrhzhs aclmhbhs. Osto iîtcbc acksnsto ok lh nksthlhanñk bo ukh fcifh gnjh iobnhkto lh auhl so fcifoh hmuh h prosnñk acktrh ol thlub bo lh rnvorh bol réc c quofrhbh, ol auhl so vh orcsnckhkbc pcac h pcac. Ol lcbc bnsaurro pcr mrhvobhb ack lh hyubh bo uk ahkhl dhanh lh zhrhkbh y tclvh lhs quo sck sninlhros h lhs oiplohbhs ok ol iîtcbc bo ahrrotnllh. (Èlvhroz ot. hl , 6088)    Brhmh c brhmh dnbrèulnah.- Hrtoghatcs dnbrèulnah.-  Hrtoghatcs mrhkbos quo cporhk ok ol loadc bol réc



ack ukh ihkmuorh bo suaanñk bo 4 h 87 pulmhbhs bo bnèiotrc. Qck bo haorc khvhl ack vnvnokbh nkacrpcrhbh ok ol somukbc pnsc. Auokthk ack trnèkmulc dnbrèulnac phrh lovhkthr lh ihkmuorh bo suaanñk. Rnokok bo 80 h ?0 iotrcs bo lhrmc pcr ukcs 7 iotrcs bo hkadc. Kc auokthk ack prcpulsnñk prcpnh y koaosnthk bo roiclahbcr phrh bosplhzhrso bo uk lumhr h ctrc.  (Èlvhroz ot. hl ,

6088)    Fhlsh mrnkmc.- Os ukh uknbhb iñvnl quo puobo cporhr burhkto tcbc ol høc, y



puobo suaanckhr ihtornhl bnroathiokto bol loadc bol réc, bo lhs plhyhs nkukbhflos o nkalusc bo lcs hahktnlhbcs. Osth fhlsh aciprokbo ukh plhthgcrih bo ihborh scfro bcs ahkchs y ok lh phrto suporncr uk toadc prcvnstc bo ukh zhrhkbh y ahkhloth phrh lhvhbc bol ihtornhl hluvnhl, hukquo mokorhliokto ok îpcah bo ostnhjo, so hrih ukh tclvh ok lh plhyh bo lcs récs. Ok lh plhthgcrih so okauoktrh lh fcifh bo suaanñk (84 h 60, nkalusc >0 DP), ihkmuorh i hkmuorh bo suaanñk, suaanñk, tufcs bo PWA, ol acifustnflo, ctrcs haaoscrncs y uk lumhr bosahksc bo lcs cporhrncs. Ok ol oxtroic bo lh ihkmuorh bo suaanñk dhy uk hrihzñk bo iothl

 

10 10  

 

quo ghanlnth su hkalhjo, y uk phlc quo porinto crnokthr ol puktc bo hkalhjo, quo so ackcao acic “mrnkmc’. (Èlvhroz

ot. hl , 6088) 

  Rrhah.- Os ukh uknbhb iñvnl quo puobo suaanckhr ihtornhl bnroathiokto bol



loadc bol réc, bo lhs plhyhs nkukbhflos o nkalusc bo lcs hahktnlhbcs. Lh fhlsh aciprokbo ukh plhthgcrih bo ihborh scfro bcs ahkchs thifnîk bo ihborh, y ok lh phrto suporncr, uk toadc prcvnstc bo ukh zhrhkbh y ahkhloth phrh lhvhbc bol ihtornhl hluvnhl, ol ihtornhl suaanckhbc shlo h trhvîs bol tufc bo PWA aclcahbc ok ukh tclvh nksthlhbh mokorhliokto ok lh plhyh. Ol ihtornhl mruosc os bopcsnthbc ok lh plhyh y ol ihtornhl gnkc luomc bo bnsaurrnr h lc lhrmc bo lh ahkhloth so bnrnmo kuovhiokto hl ahuao bol réc. Lh trhah os bo ihborh, ackstrunbh bo gcrih hrtoshkhl y ok iuadcs ahscs bo ihkorh toipcrhl.  

(Èlvhroz ot. hl , 6088)    Ahrhkadorh.- Rrhfhjh pcr suaanñk bol ihtornhl bofhjc bol knvol groètnac h trhvîs

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bo ihkmuorhs (2’ ‑  7’) quo sck icvnbhs bo uk puktc h ctrc pcr uk fuzc. Qo

utnlnzhk fcifhs, quo pcr lc mokorhl, sck h bnosol. Ol ihtornhl suaanckhbc phsh h ukh tclvh ufnahbh ok tnorrh, bnspuostc bo ukh zhrhkbh y ukh ahkhloth prcvnsth bo ukh hlgcifrh ok lh quo so bopcsnth lh hroknllh hurégorh. Qo hplnah ok lh llhkurh hihzñknah, scfro tcbc ok lcs fcsquos, h voaos ok lcs ahuaos bo lcs récs c plhyhs. (Èlvhroz ot. hl , 6088) 

  Aduphborh.- Rrhfhjh ok lcs loadcs bol réc y ok tnorrh boktrc bol fcsquo.

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Bnspckok bo ihkmuorh bo suaanñk bo 4, 80 y 86 pulmhbhs bo bnèiotrc phrh oxtrhor ol ihtornhl y auyh cporhanñk roqunoro bo ukh fcifh bo sñlnbcs y ictcr (6? ‑ >0 DP). Lh hroknllh hurégorh os roauporhbh bol ihtornhl suaanckhbc ok ukh tclvh ok lh crnllh. (Èlvhroz ot. hl , 6088) 

  Qduto  ‑  Ahrmhbcr grckthl.- Ogoatúh lcs trhfhjcs bo hrrhkquo, ahrmuéc y

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trhkspcrto bo ihtornhl hl iñbulc c “sduto’5 hsé acic bo lh lnipnozh bo

lhs ahkadhs. Ol vclquoto gukbhiokthliokto so okahrmh bol trhkspcrto bol ihtornhl hl “sduto’. Lh tclvh ostè prcvnsth bo ukh ahkhloth bo ihborh

aufnorth bo ukh hlgcifrh ok lh quo so bopcsnth lh hroknllh hurégorh. (Èlvhroz ot. hl , 6088)

 

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f) Qoauokanh bo nktorvokanckos y iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk Ok soatcros acic Duopotudo, oxnstok soauokanhs ok ol oiploc bo lcs iîtcbcs utnlnzhbcs phrh lh oxtrhaanñk bol ihtornhl hurégorc toknokbc ukh soauokanh bo nktorvokanckos ok ukh zckh bo oxplcthanñk inkorh hurégorh hluvnhl, snokbc lh prniorh nktorvokanñk nktorvokan ñk lhs ahrrotnllh, luomc fhlsh, hrrhstro y aduto, prcgukbnzhkbc ol èroh somúk ol tnpc bo oqunpcs utnlnzhbcs phrh lh oxtrhaanñk bo crc. (NKVOKH 6002) 6002)   Rhflh K°02: Qoauokanh bo nktorvokanckos ok ukh zckh bo oxplcthanñk inkorh hurégorh hluvnhl Prniorh nktorvokanñk

Qomukbh nktorvokanñk

Roraorh nktorvokanñk

Ahrrotnllh

Fhlsh (hiplnhanñk prcgukbnzhanñk bol èroh) Ahrrotnllh

y

 Hrrhstro (hiplnhanñk y prcgukbnzhanñk bol èroh) Aduphborh (hiplnhanñk y prcgukbnzhanñk bol èroh) Qduto (hiplnhanñk prcgukbnzhanñk bol èroh)

y

Ahrrotnllh

Oxnsto bopcsnanñk bo sobnioktc kuovc luomc bo lluvnhs.

Ahrrotnllh (rophsc ok lhs èrohs bo

Lh roauporhanñk bol rophsc os iuy nkgorncr h

hauiulhanñk ahsahjc) Fhlsh, Qduto.

lhs nktorvokanckos prniorhs

bo

Qduto (hiplnhanñk y prcgukbnzhanñk bol èroh) Ahrrotnllh (rophsc ok lhs èrohs bo oxtrhaanñk y bo hauiulhanñk bo ahsahjc)

Ahrrotnllh (rophsc ok lhs èrohs bo oxtrhaanñk y bo hauiulhanñk bo ahsahjc) Fhlsh

Aduphborh

Qduto

Qduto (hiplnhanñk prcgukbnzhanñk bol èroh)

y

Qduto (hiplnhanñk prcgukbnzhanñk bol èroh)

y

Aciokthrncs

Lh roauporhanñk bol rophsc os iuy nkgorncr h lhs prniorhs nktorvokanckos Lh roauporhanñk bol rophsc os iuy nkgorncr h lhs prniorhs nktorvokanckos

Ahrrotnllh (rophsc ok lhs èrohs bo oxtrhaanñk y bo hauiulhanñk ahsahjc) Ahrrotnllh (rophsc ok lhs èrohs bo oxtrhaanñk y bo hauiulhanñk bo ahsahjc)

Ahrrotnllh (rophsc ok lhs èrohs bo oxtrhaanñk y bo hauiulhanñk bo ahsahjc)

Guokto: NKVOKH 6002

a) Niphatcs bo lh hatnvnbhb inkorh _k okcrio niphatc bo lh inkoréh hurégorh ok Ihbro bo Bncs os ol ojoranbc pcr lhs brhmhs, pcrquo oxtrhok ol crc roicvnokbc okcrios ahktnbhbos bo ihtornhl bo lhs

 

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rnforhs y bol gckbc bo lcs récs, h acktnkuhanñk so iokanckhk lcs niphatcs. Qomúk  Èlvhroz  Èlvh roz ot. Hl , 6088.   Niphatcs ok lcs oacsnstoihs.- Lhs oacsnstoihs.- Lhs brhmhs quo cporhk ok lcs ahuaos bo lcs

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récs ojoraok uk mrhk niphatc scfro lcs oacsnstoihs, thktc bo acrtc acic bo lhrmc plhzc, pcr vhrnhs ahushs: ackthinkhk sornhiokto ol hmuh hl roicvor okcrios ahktnbhbos bo sobnioktcs5 hltorhk mrhvoiokto ol loadc y lhs rnforhs bo lcs récs (nkaluyokbc lh vomothanñk rnforoøh), prcvcahkbc ihycros nkukbhanckos5 hl roicvor y hauiulhr mrhvh y ghkmc bo gcrih nrromulhr, hltorhk lhs ahrhatoréstnahs lnikclñmnahs bol hmuh y bostruyok lcs dèfnthts bo iuadcs crmhknsics hauètnacs.   Ackthinkhanñk.Ackthinkhanñk.-   Lcs suolcs hihzñknacs tnokok ok gcrih khturhl uk hltc

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acktoknbc bo ioraurnc y ctrcs iothlos poshbcs. Lhs hmuhs suporgnanhlos èanbhs, quo sck probcinkhktos ok lh Hihzckéh fhjh, thifnîk puobok hauiulhr ahktnbhbos snmkngnahtnvhs bo ioraurnc. Lh roicanñk bo inlos bo tckolhbhs bnhrnhs bo osto tnpc bo sobnioktcs rnacs ok iothlos poshbcs (nkaluyokbc ol ioraurnc) y ctrhs sufsthkanhs tñxnahs hauiulhbcs ok ol loadc y rnforhs pcr inlokncs, acktrnfuyo h ackthinkhr lcs auorpcs bo hmuh hihzñknacs o niplnah uk hltc rnosmc phrh lh pcflhanñk y phrh ol hifnokto5 h ostc dhy quo høhbnr ol ioraurnc utnlnzhbc phrh hihlmhihr ol crc. récs.-  Lhs brhmhs prcbu   Hltorhanñk bol ahuao lcs récs.-  prcbuaok aok ukh hltorhanñk hltorhanñk bol ahuao ahuao

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bo lcs récs y quo tnoko t noko niphatcs brhiètnacs brhiètnacs thktc ok lh bnkèinah o dnbrclcméh dnbrclcméh bo lcs récs acic ok lhs aciuknbhbos fnñtnahs hscanhbhs. hscanhbhs.   Niphatcs fnclñmnacs.- Ok zckhs bckbo oxnsto brhmhbc acksthkto ol aroan-

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inoktc bo lcs poaos os sornhiokto hgoathbc, pcrquo lh oxaosnvh turfnboz bnsinkuyo lh bnspcknfnlnbhb bo cxémokc y hlnioktc, y thifnîk lh rosnstokanh h okgoriobhbos, pcrquo lcs poaos rohaanckhk h lh oxaosnvh ahrmh bo sñlnbcs ok suspoksnñk prcbuanokbc iuaus, y îsto htrho dckmcs y fhatornhs. Lh oxaosnvh ahrmh bo sobnioktcs thifnîk puobo bhøhr lhs frhkqunhs bo lcs poaos pcr hfrhsnñk (dnporplhsnh) y puobok icrnr pcr hsgnxnh.

  Bostruaanñk bo lcs dèfnthts hauètnacs.-  hauètnacs.-  Ol nkaroioktc bo sñlnbcs ok

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suspoksnñk ok ol hmuh pcr lh haanñk bo lhs brhmhs robuao lh trhksphrokanh bol hmuh y lh pokotrhanñk bo lh luz sclhr, bnsinkuyokbc lh thsh bo gctcséktosns ok ol

 

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gntcplhkatck y bo lhs plhkths suiormnbhs, quo sck lh fhso bo lh ahbokh trñgnah, y hsé so robuao lh prcbuatnvnbhb prnihrnh prnihrnh bo lcs oacsnstoihs hauètn hauètnacs. acs.     Hltorhanñk bo oacsnstoihs nkukbhflos.- Ol nkukbhflos.- Ol nkaroioktc bo lh sobniokthanñk

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ok lhs rnforhs bo lcs récs bofnbc h lh oxaosnvh ahrmh bo sobnioktcs hgoath komhtnvhiokto lcs fcsquos nkukbhflos, lcs phkthkcs y ctrcs duiobhlos5 ospoanhliokto susaoptnflos sck lcs hmuhjhlos c phkthkcs bcinkhbcs pcr lh phliorh hmuhjo (Ihurntnh gloxucsh), quo iuorok auhkbc dhy oxaosnvh hauiulhanñk hauiulhan ñk bo lnic thphkbc lcs kouihtñgcrcs ok sus rhéaos.

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rnforoøh.-  Lh hltorhanñk y ack groauokanh   Bostruaanñk bo lh vomothanñk rnforoøh.-  bostruaanñk tcthl bo lh vomothanñk bo lhs crnllhs bo lcs récs pcr ol brhmhbc olninkh lh acforturh y scifrh phrh lcs poaos, dhanokbc h lcs poaos iès susaoptnflos h probhbcros, o nkaroiokth lh toiporhturh bol hmuh, lc quo robuao lh ahktnbhb bo cxémokc bnsuoltc bnspcknflo bnspcknflo phrh lh ghukh y lh glcrh hauètnahs.

6.1. BOGNKNANCKOQ ACKAOPR_HLOQ 6.1.8. Ackaoptcs bo bogcrosthanñk Qomúk ol Prcmrhih bo lhs Khanckos _knbhs phrh ol Iobnc Hifnokto (PK_IH) lh bogcrosthanñk os bosickthr tcthl c phranhliokto lhs gcrihanckos hrfñrohs phrh bobnahr ol osphanc rosulthkto h gnkos hmréaclhs, mhkhborc c bo ctrc tnpc. Osth ackaopanñk kc tnoko ok auokth kn lh pîrbnbh bo suporgnano hrfclhbh pcr bosickto phranhl, kn ol oktroshahbc soloatnvc bo ihborhs, kn auhlqunor ctrh gcrih bo bomrhbhanñk. Lh bogcrosthanñk os ol prcaosc pcr ol auhl lh tnorrh pnorbo sus fcsquos ok ihkcs bo lcs dcifros. _kh bognknanñk cporhtnvh bo bogcrosthanñk5 os lh botoaanñk bol ahifnc bo lhs pcraokthjos bo WG, WKG y Q ok ukh insih èroh mocmrègnah h trhvîs bol tnoipc. Ol hkèlnsns bo iúltnplos nièmokos porinto lh botoaanñk bo pîrbnbh bo lh acforturh fcsacsh (bogcrosthanñk), huioktc (aroaninoktc soaukbhrnc) c bomrhbhanñk (èrohs bo porturfhanñk porturfhan ñk gcrosthl). (Ahrkomno, 600>) Qomúk lh GHC, osto tîrinkc so rognoro hl ahifnc ok ol usc bo lh tnorrh quo dh trhébc acksnmc ol oxtorinknc bo lh aufnorth bo acph, quo so dh robuanbc h iokcs bol 80 pcr anoktc. Lcs ahifncs boktrc bo lh alhso gcrosthl (pcr ojoiplc bo fcsquo aorrhbc h  

12 12  

 

fcsquo hfnortc) quo hgoathk komhtnvhiokto ol rcbhl c sntnc y, ok ospoanhl, bnsinkuyok lh ahphanbhb bo prcbuaanñk, so bokcinkhk bokcinkhk bomrhbhanñk gcrosthl. Qomúk lh loy gcrosthl vnmokto (6=104), so acksnborhk prcaoscs bo bogcrosthanñk h hquollcs crnmnkhbcs ok auhlqunor gcrihanñk fcsacsh c hrfustnvh khturhl c plhkthbh, oktro ctrcs, pcr lhs snmunoktos ahushs5 Vczc y quoih bo fcsquos phrh ackvorsnñk nlomhl h ctrcs uscs kc scstoknflos, Rhlh nlomhl phrh oxtrhaanñk bo ihborh, loøh y prcbuaanñk bo ahrfñk, scfrooxplcthanñk gcrosthl ack rospoatc h lh ahphanbhb porinsnflo porinsn flo bo prcbuaanñk bol fcsquo o nkaokbncs nkaokbncs gcrosthlos. Qomúk Voètomun 8>>7, Lh bogcrosthanñk os lh olninkhanñk bo tcbh c ahsn tcbh lh aufnorth hrfñroh, bofnbc h lhs bngoroktos hatnvnbhbos hktrñpnahs quo so rohlnzhk bnroathiokto scfro ollh c bol suolc quo lh sustokth. sus tokth. Ol ackaoptc bo bogcrosthanñk acksnborhbc phrh ol prosokto ostubnc os bo hauorbc hl ackaoptc bognknbc pcr Voètomun 8>>7. Bckbo iokanckh quo lh bogcrosthanñk os lh olninkhanñk bo tcbh c ahsn tcbh lh aufnorth hrfñroh, bofnbc h lhs bngoroktos hatnvnbhbos hktrñpnahs5 Qnk oifhrmc oxnstok ctrcs ackaoptcs a ckaoptcs bo bogcrosthanñk quo so iokanckhrck hktorncriokto hktorncriokt o quo kc bognkok acdoroktoi acdoroktoiokto okto ol tnpc bo bogcrosthanñk quo oxnsto ok ol èifntc bo ostubnc bo lh prosokto nkvostnmhanñk. 6.1.6. Rhsh bo bogcrosthanñk Qomúk lh GHC 6008, os ol prciobnc bo hvhkao bo lh bogcrosthanñk hkuhl, nkbnah auhktc so bogcrosth hl høc ok ol lhpsc bo tnoipc y so cftnoko iobnhkto lh snmunokto gñriulh: Rb 9

(t6  ‑ t8) k

Bckbo::  Bckbo Rb:: Rhsh bo bogcrosthanñk  Rb bogcrosthanñk  t8 t8:: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh høc nknanhl t6 t6:: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh høc gnkhl k: Kúiorc bo høcs bol porécbc ok t8 y t6  t6   6.1.1. Alhsngnahanñk bo acforturhs fcsacsh Phrh lh alhsngnahanñk bo lh aufnorth ok lh tnorrh so hbhpthrh ol osquoih jorèrqunac bo lh alhsngnahanñk mokorhl somúk lh GHC, Lh alhsngnahanñk mokorhl so bognko ok ol snmunokto auhbrc:  

1? 1?  

 

Rhflh K°07: Alhsngnahanñk mokorhl somúk lh GHC Alhso bo acforturh Quporgnano tcthl

Bognknanñk  Bognknanñk  Quporgnano tcthl (bol phés) nkalunbh lh suporgnano aufnorth pcr auorpcs bo hmuhs nktorncros, porc oxaluyokbc lhs hmuhs torrntcrnhlos ihr hboktrc.

Fcsquo

Rnorrh bo acph (csuporncr su mrhbchoqunvhlokto bo osposurh) iès bol 80 pcr anoktc ack bol ukh èrohaufnorth y ukh suporgnano 0,? doatèrohs (dh). Lcs bo èrfclos boforéhk hlahkzhr ukh hlturh iéknih bo ? iotrcs (i) h su ihburoz nk sntu. Puobo acksnstnr yh soh ok gcrihanckos gcrosthlos aorrhbhs, bckbo èrfclos bo bnvorscs thihøcs y sctcfcsquo aufrok mrhk phrto bol torrokc5 c gcrihanckos gcrosthlos hfnorths, ack ukh aufnorth bo vomothanñk acktnkuh bckbo lh aufnorth bo acph scfrophsh s cfrophsh ol 80 pcr anoktc. Ctrhs tnorrhs Osths hfhrahk yh soh tnorrhs bckbo lh aufnorth bo acph (c su mrhbc bo osposurh fcsacshs oqunvhlokto) tnoko oktro ? y 80 pcr anoktc bo èrfclos ahphaos bo hlahkzhr ukh hlturh bo ? i h su ihburoz nk sntu5 c tnorrhs ack ukh aufnorth bo acph bo iès bol 80 pcr anoktc (c su mrhbc bo osposurh oqunvhlokto) ok lh quo lcs èrfclos kc sck ahphaos bo hlahkzhr ukh hlturh bo ? i h su ihburoz nk sntu (pcr oj. Èrfclos okhkcs c hadnahbcs)5 c hquollhs bckbo lh aufnorth hrfustnvh hfhrah iès bol 80 pcr anoktc. Ctrhs tnorrhs Rnorrhs kc alhsngnahbhs acic gcrosthlos u ctrhs tnorrhs fcsacshs ospoangnahbhs iès hrrnfh. Nkaluyo tnorrhs hmréaclhs, prhborhs khturhlos y hrtngnanhlos, tnorrhs niprcbuatnvhs, phstnzhlos, tnorrhs fhlbéhs y èrohs urfhkhs.  Hmuhs Quporgnano cauphbh pcr récs, lhmcs y oifhlsos nipcrthktos. nktorncros

Phrh lh prosokto nkvostnmhanñk so hackbnanckh bo hauorbc h lh koaosnbhb bo lcs rosulthbcs bol prosokto ostubnc, alhsngnaèkbcso bo gcrih snmunokto thl acic so iuostrh ok lh snmunokto thflh: Rhflh K°0=: Alhsngnahanñk bo acforturhs hackbnanckhbc phrh ol ostubnc  ostubnc  Alhso bo acforturh

Bognknanñk  Bognknanñk 

Quporgnano tcthl

Quporgnano tcthl bol èroh bo ostubnc, nkalunbh lh suporgnano aufnorth pcr auorpcs bo hmuhs nktorncros.

Fcsquo

Rnorrh ack ukh aufnorth bo pcr fcsquos prnihrncs, bognknbc acic oacsnstoih fcsacsc ack vomothanñk crnmnkhl, ahrhatornzhbc pcr lh hfukbhkanh bo èrfclos ihburcs bo ospoanos bol bcsol suporncr c bcinkhkto, quo dh ovcluanckhbc bo ihkorh khturhl y quo dh snbc pcac porturfhbc pcr hatnvnbhbos duihkhs c ahushs khturhlos.

rohs bogcrosthbcs

Bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhb inkorh, inkorh, Quolcs snk vomothanñk y bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh, y auorpcs bo hmuh mokorhbcs pcr lh hatnvnbhb duihkh. Bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhb hmréaclh, hmréaclh, tnorrhs bckbo oxnstok hatnvnbhbos hmrhrnhs thlos acic lh mhkhboréh, hmrnaulturh, fcsquos soaukbhrncs s oaukbhrncs oktro ctrcs.

Auorpcs bo hmuh

Bogcrosthanñk pcr nksthlhanckos bo nkgrhostruaturh urfhkh, nkgrhostruaturh urfhkh, thlos acic èrohs urfhkhs y ctrhs nksthlhanckos Quporgnano cauphbh pcr ospojcs ospojcs bo hmuh bo lcs réc récss y lhmcs.

rohs kc ovhluhbcs

Qck lhs hîrohs kc ovhluhbhs pcr ghlth bo nkgcrihanñk ok lh nihmok shtolnthl bofnbc h oxnstokanh bo kuovos y/c ctrhs porturfhanckos ok lh nihmok.

 

17 17  

 

Qo acksnborhrck alhsos bo bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhb inkorh y hmréaclh, bofnbc h quo so fusah botorinkhr ol èroh bogcrosthbc pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh.  H acktnkuhanñk acktnkuhanñk so bosarn bosarnfok fok lcs arntorncs y phrèiotrcs bo nktorprothanñk nktorprothanñk oiplohbc oiplohbcss phrh bnsarninkhr ahbh alhso bo èrohs bogcrosthbhs:   Fcsquos   (F).- Qo nkaluyok lcs fcsquos ok sus bngoroktos hscanhanckos bo

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vomothanñk, hmuhjhlos, fcsquo ack phah, ota. ^h sohk fcsquos prnihrncs y/ñ fcsquos nktorvoknbcs pcr oxtrhatcros bo ihborh. BH).   È  Èrohs rohs bogcros bogcr os th thbcs bcs pcr hm hmrnrnau aulturh lturh  (BH ).- Qo acksnborñ nktorprothr osth

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uknbhb inxth nktomrhkbc phraolhs hmréaclhs iuy grhaanckhbhs y poquoøhs hl nktorncr bol fcsquo soaukbhrnc jcvok y hbultc, aultnvcs hmréaclhs, toipcrhlos y porihkoktos.  

   È  Èrohs rohs bogcros bogcr osth thbhs bhs pcr inkoréh inkor éh  (BI).- Ok osth alhso so nkaluyok lhs zckhs hgoathbhs pcr borruifos y/c boslnzhinoktcs bo tnorrhs, èrohs boskubhs c ack vomothanñk fhjh ok romokorhanñk khturhl ok zckhs trhfhjhbhs pcr inkoréh, zckhs ack hglcrhinoktcs rcacscs, zckhs bo rolhvos inkorcs. Rhifnîk so acksnborhk lhs acadhs oxnstoktos mokorhbhs h acksoauokanh bo lh oxtrhaanñk inkorh.

  Auorpcs bo hmuh  (V).- Qo nkaluyok h lcs récs, lhmcs, quofrhbhs oktro ctrcs

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auorpcs bo hmuh khturhlos, so oxaluyo auorpcs bo hmuhs mokorhbcs h rhéz bo hatnvnbhbos duihkhs acic acadhs mokorhbhs h acksoauokanh bo lh oxtrhaanñk inkorh.    È  Èrohs rohs ac ackk nnks ks th thlh lhan anckos ckos bo nkgr n kgrhos hostrua truaturh turh (N).- Qo nkaluyok ok osth alhso h

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hquollhs zckhs cauphbhs pcr nkgrhostruaturhs urfhkhs5 aoktrcs pcflhbcs, horcpuortcs, ota.    È  Èrohs rohs kc ovhluhbhs ovhluhbhs   (K).- Qo acksnborh ol èroh kc ovhluhbh h ghlth bo

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nkgcrihanñk bo lhs nièmokos bofnbc h porturfhanckos, acic lh oxnstokanh bo kufos ok lhs nièmokos y èrohs bckbo lh nihmok shtolnthl kc aufréh pcr aciplotc.

 

1= 1=  

 

1. IHROVNHLOQ ^ IORCBCLCMÉH 1.8. _FNAHANÑK BOL ÈVOH BO OQR_BNC Lh ufnahanñk bol èroh bo ostubnc, aciprokbo bcs bnstrntcs iès hgoathbcs pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh, bnstrntc bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn, Prcvnkanh bo Ihku y Rhifcphth bol bophrthioktc bo Ihbro bo Bncs. Mocmrègnahiokto, Mocmrègnahiokto, ol èroh bo ostubnc so okauoktrh hl sur bol Porú, lcahlnzhbc oktro lhs accrbokhbhs 86°17' y 81°66' lckmntub costo, y 7>°64'y =8° 0' lhtntub sur bo lh prcyoaanñk mocmrègnah, pclétnahiokto ostè ufnahbh ok lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn, prcvnkanh bo Ihku y Rhifcphth bophrthioktc bophrthioktc bo Ihbro bo Bncs. Gnmurh K°08: Arcquns bo ufnahanñk bol Èroh bo ostubnc

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Mokorhlnbhbos bol èroh bo ostubnc Ol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo os arohbh ack lh loy 6=64?0> bo goadh 0> juknc bol 6000, auokth ack uk èroh bo 8,2=4.26 ei¶, tnoko ukh boksnbhb pcflhanckhl bo ?.? porsckhs pcr ei¶. Ol bnstrntc bo Nkhifhrn os arohbh ack lh loy 8=4667 bo goadh 67 bnanoifro bol 8>86, auokth ack uk èroh bo 2,6?7.26 ei¶, tnoko ukh boksnbhb pcflhanckhl bo 8.8? porsckhs pcr ei¶.

 

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Hspoatcs fncgésnacs Alnih.  Alnih .- Ok ol èroh bo ostubnc so okauoktrh ok uk alnih dúiobc ok su mrhk

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ihycréh, oxnstnokbc uk èroh poquoøh bol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo quo tnoko alnih por dúiobc. Ack hltntub bo 6,?00 y 700 iski, proanpnthanckos olovhbhs y toiporhturh prciobnc prciobnc bo 66° A. (ZOO, 600>)   Oaclcméh.Oaclcméh.-   Prosokth vhrnhs zckhs bo vnbh thlos acic fcsquo iuy dúiobc



suftrcpnahl, fcsquo pluvnhl suftrcpnahl, fcsquo pluvnhl soinshturhbc suftrcpnahl,, fcsquo suftrcpnahl fcs quo iuy dúiobc suftrcpnahl trhksnanckhl. trhksnanckhl. (CKOV 8>==) l,   Rnpcs bo fcsquo.fcsquo.- Auokth hiplnh vhrnobhb bo tnpcs bo vomothanñk, fcsquos



soinahbuangclncs ack hrfclos bnsporscs ok ickthøhs fhjhs, fcsquos soinahbuangclncs bokscs ok aclnkhs, fcsquos soinahbuangclncs bokscs ok plhknanos, aciplojc bo fcsquo bo soinphkthkcscs y soinahbuangclncs, aciuknbhbos bokshs bo fhifúos c phahlos bokscs ok aclnkhs thktc plhknanos y ok plhknanos nkukbhflos. Aciuknbhbos inxths bo fhifúos hscanhbcs ack hrfclos bnsporscs ok aclnkhs, aciuknbhbos phkthkcshs y/c hmuhjhlos, hsé acic aciuknbhboss suaosnckhlos bo crnllhs bo rnc (ZOO, 600>). aciuknbhbo Hspoatcs scancoackñinacs   Ol prcaosc bo cauphanñk duihkh, tcbc ol osphanc mocmrègnac



hatuhliokto aciprokbnbc ok lh Vomnñk Ihbro bo Bncs, dhsth gnkos bol snmlc TNT, guo torrntcrnc cauphbc úknahiokto pcr sus puoflcs nkbémokhs.  H gnkos bol snmlc TNT, ol humo bo lh oxplcthanñk bol ahuadc, quo ok Ihbro bo Bncs suaobo iès thrbéhiokto quo ok Lcrotc y _ahyhln, llovñ hl gnk bo bnadh hutckciéh rolhtnvh (Iccro 8>4?).  8>4?).    Lh pcflhanñk ok lcs bnstrntcs quo so okauoktrhk ok ol èifntc bo ostubnc, auokth



ack ukh ahktnbhb bo pcflhanñk quo so bothllh ok lh snmunokto thflh:

Rhflh K°0?: Pcflhanñk ok lcs bnstrntcs bol èifntc bo ostubnc PVCWNKANH  /BNQRVNRC Nkhifhrn Duopotudo

8>>4

8>>>

=.641 7.408

=.72= =.007

Aroaninoktc >4->>% ? 1

6000

6008

=.>>7 =.667

4.166 =.2?=

Aroaninoktc 00-08% 2,8 1,6

600?

600=

>.?2? 4.1=>

4,014 7,>=4

Guokto: NKON, 600=

 

1> 1>  

 

Mrègnac K°08: Ovcluanñk bo Pcflhanñk bo lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn

Guokto: NKON, 600=

Prnkanphlos hatnvnbhbos oackñinahs.   Gcrosthl.- Lh hatnvnbhb gcrosthl, ok gcrih nlomhl, snk tokor porinsc gcrosthl, yh



quo cftokor ol porinsc gcrosthl phrh lh aciuknbhb os bngnaultcsc pcr lcs trèintos y roqunsntcs bnspuostcs pcr Loy, ok osto soktnbc lh aciuknbhb h poshr quo so bobnahk h bnadh hatnvnbhb kc so bobnahk h lh rogcrosthanñk.   Vogcrosthanñk.- Oxnstok mrhkbos oxtoksnckos bo èrohs ackaosnckhbhs phrh



gnkos bo rogcrosthanñk, snk oifhrmc kc so cftoknbc îxntc ok osto cfjotnvc yh quo so vnoko oxtrhyokbc ihborh y crc ok osths èrohs.   Hmréaclh.- Qo prhatnahk lh hmrnaulturh trhbnanckhl phrh hutcacksuic y phrh



scfrovnvokanh, bckbo ol rcao y lh quoih os uk snstoih bo adharhs ok bngoroktos osthbcs bo roprcbuaanñk, ack hscanhan hs canhanñk ñk bo aultnvcs.   Acioranc.- Ackjukthiokto ack lh hatnvnbhb inkorh, ol acioranc y ol trhkspcrto



vhk bo lh ihkc i hkc ack osth hatnvnbhb bo lh oxtrhaanñk hurégorh.

  Inkoréh.- Lh oxplcthanñk bol ihtornhl hurégorc hluvnhl aciprokbo ol ackjuktc bo



cporhanckos quo porinto ol hrrhkquo, ahrmuéc y oxtrhaanñk bo lh hroknllh acktoknokbc crc. 

  Aciuknbhbos khtnvhs.- Boktrc bol èroh bo ostubnc so okauoktrhk ufnahbhs



lhs aciuknbhbos khtnvhs bo ectsnifh, Hrhzhorn, Fhrrhkac adnac y Qdnrnkmhyca. Qnk oifhrmc lhs aciuknbhbos nkiorshs ok lcs ackglnatcs rolhanckhbcs h lh hatnvnbhb inkorh, prnkanphliokto lh aciuknbhb khtnvh bo Fhrrhkac adnac y Ectsnifh. 

 

20 20  

 

1.6. IHROVNHLOQ, OX_NPCQ ^ QOVWNANCQ Lcs ihtornhlos quo so utnlnzhrck phrh lh olhfcrhanñk bol Ihph bo bogcrosthanñk ok lh zckh bo ostubnc sck lcs snmunoktos: 1.6.8. Ahrtcmrhgéh bnmnthl Lh ahrtcmrhgéh bnmnthl utnlnzhbh acic hpcyc h lh olhfcrhanñk bol Ihph bo Bogcrosth Bogcrosthanñk anñk pcr inkoréh, os lh quo so prosokth h acktnkuhanñk:   Ahrths khanckhlos khanckhlos bnmnthlos: bnmnthlos: dnbrcmr dnbrcmrhgéh, hgéh, aurvhs bo knvol, knvol, acths, ota. osahlh 8:



800000 (ahrths 67u, 67v, 67x, 67y, 6=u, 6=v, 6=x)   Ihph Gcrosthl, osahlh 8: 6?0 000, INKHK



  Ihph gcrosthl 8/6?0000, Aoktrcs pcflhbcs, ota. Iharc Zckngnahanñk Oaclñmnah,



mcfnorkc romnckhl bo Ihbro bo Bncs.

1.6.6. Nièmokos bo Qhtîlnto Phrh ol prosokth ostubnc so oiploh nièmokos bo shtîlnto bo fhso bo bhtcs bol Nkstntutc Khanckhl bo Nkvostnmhanñk Osphanhl bo Frhsnl (NKPO)2, Nkvostnmhanñk Moclñmnah bo lcs Osthbcs _knbcs (MLCWNQ)?. Qo utnlnzh lhs nièmokos bo shtîlnto bol sokscr Lhkbsht tcihbhs oktro lcs høcs 8>=7 y 6080. 6080 . 1.6.1. Oqunpcs Lcs oqunpcs utnlnzhbcs phrh lh olhfcrhanñk bol ihph bo bogcrosthanñk, hsé acic phrh ol trhfhjc bo ahipc phrh lh vhlnbhanñk sck5  

Aciputhbcrh osthanckhrnh osthanckhrnh y pcrtètnl

 

Niproscrh H2 y Plcttor H8

 

MPQ khvomhbcros khvomhbcros Mhrink, Ihp 70sax

 

Aèihrh gctcmrègnah gctcmrègnah bnmnthl, Phkhsckna luinx

 

Ictcanaloth adhahrorh

1.6.2. Qorvnancs  

Qorvnancs bo nktorkot

 

Qorvnancs bo trhkspcrto trhkspcrto torr torrostro ostro y gluvnhl

2

 Ol Nkstntutc Khanckhl bo Nkvostnmhanñk Osphanhl bo Frhsnl (NKPO), wof: dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV  Nkvostnmhanñk Moclñmnah bo lcs Osthbcs _knbcs (MLCWNQ) wof: dttp://mlcvns.usms.mcv

?

 

28

28   28

 

1.1. BOQAVNPANÑK BO LH IORCBCLCMÉH OIPLOHBH Lh iotcbclcméh utnlnzhbh ok su osokanh os lh tolobotoaanñk, oiplohkbc lh nkgcrihanñk bo romnstrcs bo bhtcs ahpturhbcs ack sokscros roictcs (nihmok shtolnthl), Lh loyokbh phrh ol ihph, so rohlnzh somúk h lh iotcbclcméh bo alhsngnahanñk bo lh GHC, hackbnanckhbc hackbnan ckhbc h lh zckh y hl cfjotnvc bol ostubnc. Ol prcaoshinoktc bo lhs nièmokos bo shtîlnto so rohlnzh utnlnzhkbc ol prcmrhih QPVNKM ?.6, phrh lh nktorprothanñk bo lhs nièmokos so utnlnzh ol prcmrhih HraMNQ >.6, lh trhksgorokanh bo lhs duollhs y accrbokhbhs bo lcs puktcs bo iuostroc tcihbcs ok ahipc ack lcs MPQ so utnlnzñ ol prcmrhih Cznoxplcror 1.>?, Ack ol gnk cftokor rosulthbcs h knvol bo soatcros, so botorinkñ ok gukanñk h5 zckhs ack ihycr bogcrosthanñk,, haaosnfnlnbhb y ufnahanñk pclétnah, botorinkèkbcso lcs soatcros thl acic bogcrosthanñk so iuostrh h acktnkuhanñk: acktnkuhanñk:

Nihmok K°08: Nihmok lhkbsht 6080 y soatcros botorinkhbcs phrh ol ostubnc

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

 

26   26

 

Gnmurh K°06: Ihph bo lcs bnstrntcs nkvcluarhbcs ok ol ostubnc y ufnahanñk bo lcs soatcros

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Rhflh K°04: Bnstrntcs y soatcros nkvcluarhbcs ok ol èifntc bo ostubnc. Bnstrntc bo Duopotudo Duopotudo Bolth Fhrrhkac Adnac ctrcs soatcros

Bnstrntc bo Nkhifhrn Ihzuec Jhyhvo Duhahihyc Vnc Ihlnkcsen Zckh bo hicrtnmuhinoktc

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Phrh lh roacpnlhanñk bo nkgcrihanñk bol tnoipc bo hatnvnbhb inkorh, iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk y ahktnbhb bo ihqunkhs, so oiploh oktrovnsths h lcs pcflhbcros bo lhs zckhs inkorhs.

 

21   21

 

Gctc K°08: Oktrovnsth Oktrovnsth h pcflhbcros bo prni prnihvorh hvorh Fhjh ei 88= 

Guokto: Bhtcs bo ahipc Gctc K°06: Oktrovnsthkbc h pcflhbcros bo Kuovh Hroqunph ei 80? 80 ? 

Guokto: Bhtcs bo ahipc 

 H acktnkuhanñk acktnkuhanñk rosuinics lcs prnkanphlos prnkanphlos prcaoscs y bhtcs phrh lh olhfcrhanñk bol ihph bo bogcrosthanñk pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh ok ol snmunokto glujcmrhih:

 

22   22

 

Glujcmrhih K°08: Prcaobninoktcs bo lh iotcbclcméh oiplohbh Hackbnanckhinoktc bo lh ahrtcmrhgéh mokorhl y boroadcs bo usc Boihrahanñk pclétnah, dnbrcmrhgéh, ahrrotorhs, aurvhs bo knvol, probncs, ackaosnckos, ackaosnck os, HKP, tétulcs inkorcs, aciuknbhbos khtnvhs, ota.

Cporhanckos QNM  QNM  (Quporpcsnanñk, uknñk, (Quporpcsnanñk, nktorsoaanñk, nktorsoaan ñk, gusnñk, g usnñk, aèlaulcs bo èroh)

Hbqunsnanñk bo nièmokos sokscr Lhkbsht Pnxol 10x10i, rhbnciotréh 4 fnts  fnts   Prcaoshinoktc bo Nièmokos bo Lhkbsht   Lhkbsht (Acrroaanñk mociîtrnah, acipcsnanñk bo fhkbhs, rohlaos, ota.) Zckhs bo oktrokhinoktc (Worngnahanñk nk sntu, oktrovnsths) Botorinkhanñk bo lh loyokbh fcsquos (F) bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh (BI) bogcrosthanñk pcr hmrnaulturh (BH)

Iîtcbc lh GHC, hackbnanckhbc h lh zckh

auorpcsos bourfhkcs hmuh (V)(_) nksthlhanck nksthlhanckos (_ ) èrohs kc ovhluhbcs (K) Ékbnao bo vomothanñk (KBWN) Bognknanckos _knbhb iéknih ahrtcmrègnah 0.?dh

Nktorprothanñk vnsuhl bo lhs nièmokos Acifnkhanckos ?21, =26

Osahlh bo trhfhjc ok phkthllh5 8/1?000 

Arntorncs y Oloioktcs bo Nktorprothanñk (aclcr, Nktorprothanñk  (aclcr, oktcrkc osphanhl, gcrih, toxturh) Bnsarninkhanñk bo èrohs Bnsarninkhanñk bogcrosths pcr hatnvnbhb inkorh   Worngnahanñk ack nièmokos bo hlth roscluanñk  Worngnahanñk ok ahipc bo lcs puktcs bo iuostroc   Oktrovnsths h inkorcs   Bnsoøc bo iuostroc ostrhtngnahbc hl hlohtcrnc  Ihtrnz bo orrcr   Ackgnhfnlnbhb Ackgnhfnlnbhb bol ihph   Ékbnao bo ehpph





Whlnbhanñk bo lh nktorprothanñk





 



Hjusto bol ihph bo bogcrosthanñk (acrroaanckos) Hkèlnsns QNM (Quporpcsnanñk, nktorsoaanñk, (Quporpcsnanñk, nktorsoaanñk, aèlaulcs bo èroh, soloaanñk pcr htrnfutcs y ufnahanñk) Rhsh bo bogcrosthanñk

 

2?   2?

 

Lh iotcbclcméh quo so prosokth ok gcrih rosuinbc ok ol glujc mrhih hktorncr quo so bothllh h acktnkuhanñk: 1.1.8. Hackbnanckhinoktc bo lh ahrtcmrhgéh fhso Lh ahrtcmrhgéh fhso guo rovnshbh ack ol prcmrhih HraMNQ >.6, fhjc ol snstoih bo accrbokhbhs plhkhs, ack lh Prcyoaanñk _knvorshl Rrhksvorshl Iorahtcr (_RI), rogornbh h lh zckh 8>. Qo olhfcrh ol roacrto bo lhs dcjhs bo lh Ahrth Khanckhl ok bnmnthl, lh osahlh bo trhfhjc ok phkthllh os h 8/1? 000, hsé acic lh nkgcrihanñk fhso snmunoktos5 rob dnbrcmrègnah, aurvhs bo knvol, rob vnhl, aoktrcs pcflhbcs oktro ctrcs. Acic trhfhjc aciploiokthrnc, ack lhs nièmokos shtolnthlos so rohlnzñ lh acrroaanñk y hatuhlnzhanñk hatuhlnz hanñk bo lcs aurscs bo lcs récs prnkanphlos quofrhbhs y lhmcs. 1.1.6. Hbqunsnanñk bo Nièmokos bo Qhtîlnto  Qhtîlnto   Lh hbqunsnanñk bo lhs nièmokos lhkbsht sck bo bosahrmhbcs bol sntnc bo Nktorkot bol NKPO7, MLCWNQ=  sorvnbcros quo hlihaokhk y bnstrnfuyok ok gcrih mrhtunth nièmokos shtolnthlos ok arubc, snk provnc prcaoshinoktc, so soloaanckhk rohlnzhkbc lh vorngnahanñk bo ahlnbhb bo lhs nièmokos, bogoatcs acic bnstcrsnckos bo tnpc rhbnciîtrnac (lékohs ghlthktos), bnstrnfuanñk osphanhl bo kufos scfrotcbc ok ol èroh bo nktorîs phrh ol ostubnc, oktro ctrcs. Lhs nièmokos soloaanckhbhs so iuostrhk h acktnkuhanñk: Rhflh K°0>: Lnsth bo nièmokos lhkbsht utnlnzhbhs phrh ol ostubnc K° Qokscr 8 Lhkbsht IQQ 6 Lhkbsht IQQ 1 Lhkbsht RI 2 ? 7 = 4 > 80 88 86

Phtd-Vcw 6-7> 6-7> 1-7>

Goadh 86/80/8>=7 86/0>/8>40 87/04/8>4=

Guokto dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/AB dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV QV dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/AB dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV QV dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/AB dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV QV

1-7> 1-7> 1-7> 1-7> 1-7> 1-7> 1-7> 1-7> 1-7>

81/07/8>>1 61/0?/6000 82/04/6002 87/0?/6007 6?/04/6004 64/04/600> 86/07/6080 87/0>/6080 01/88/6080

dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/AB dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV QV dttp://mlaghpp.uinhas.uib.obu dttp://mlcvns.usms.mcv/ dttp://mlcvns.usms.mcv/ dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/AB dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV QV dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/AB dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV QV dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/AB dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV QV dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/AB dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV QV dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/AB dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV QV

Lhkbsht RI Lhkbsht ORI Lhkbsht RI Lhkbsht RI Lhkbsht RI Lhkbsht RI Lhkbsht RI Lhkbsht RI Lhkbsht RI

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

7

 Ol Nkstntutc Khanckhl bo Nkvostnmhanñk Osphanhl bo Frhsnl (NKPO), wof: dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV  Nkvostnmhanñk Moclñmnah bo lcs Osthbcs _knbcs (MLCWNQ) wof: dttp://mlcvns.usms.mcv

=

 

27   27

 

1.1.1. Prcaoshinoktc bo nièmokos Phrh lh olhfcrhanñk bol ihph bo bogcrosthanñk so utnlnzhrck 86 nièmokos bo shtîlnto bo lcs sokscros Lhkbsht 6 (IQQ), Lhkbsht 1 (IQQ), Lhkbsht ? (RI) y Lhkbsht = (ORI). Ol lnsthbc bo tcbhs lhs nièmokos bo shtîlnto utnlnzhbhs so puobo cfsorvhr ok lh thflh hktorncr, ol prcaoshinoktc bnmnthl bo osths nièmokos so rohlnzñ utnlnzhkbc lcs prcmrhihs OKWN 2.6 y OVBHQ Nihmnko >.8. Lhs prnkanphlos acrroaanckos rohlnzhbhs ok ol prcaoshinoktc bo nièmokos shtolnthlos lhkbsht so rosuio h acktnkuhanñk: acktnkuhanñk: h) Acrroaanñk Mociîtrnah.- Lh acrroaanñk mociîtrnah os ol prcaosc bo trhksgcrihr nièmokos phrh olninkhr bnstcrsnckos mociîtrnahs nkbosohflos. Phrh ollc so acloathk puktcs bo acktrcl tcihrcs ok ahipc, ahrth khanckhl ok bnmnthl y lh ukh nihmok MocAcvor 4. Ol kúiorc bo puktcs bo acktrcl tcihbcs vh bosbo 6? dhsth ?0, ok lhs nièmokos utnlnzhbhs. f) Acipcsnanñk bo fhkbhs.- Acipcsnanñk ok hradnvcs bo tros fhkbhs: so rohlnzhrck bcs acipcsnanckos bo fhkbh ok VMF phrh ahbh nihmok, lh acifnkhanñk H: fhkbh ? (nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc) ok rcjc, fhkbh 2 (nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc) ok vorbo y fhkbh 1 (rcjc) ok hzul5 y lh acifnkhanñk ac ifnkhanñk F: fhkbh ? ok rcjc, fhkbh 2 ok vorbo y lh Acipckokto Prnkanphl ok hzul. Gnmurh K°01: Acipcrthinoktc ospoatrhl bo lcs fhkbhs utnlnzhbhs  utnlnzhbhs  

Guokto: Khsh, 8>>>

 

4

 Lh nihmok MocAcvor os ukh nihmok crtcroatngnahbc utnlnzhbc phrh mocrogorokanh mocrogorokanhrr bo nihmok h nihmok, ostè ok gcrihtc MocRNGG, prcaoshbc ok lh KHQH, bnspcknflos ok lh wof5  wof5  www.mocacvor.aci www.mocacvor.aci  (vor ahrhatoréstnahs ok hkoxcs)

 

2=   2=

 

Fhkbh 8

Fhkbh 6

Fhkbh 1

Fhkbh 2

Fhkbh ?

Fhkbh 7

Fhkbh =

Acifnkh ?21

a) Vohlao bo fhkbhs.fhkbhs.- so  so trhfhjhrck lhs nièmokos iobnhkto uk rohlao lnkohl y luomc uk rohlao oauhlnzhbc gcahlnzhbc pcr vokthkhs, ack ol cfjotnvc bo bnstrnfunr ukngcrioiokto lcs knvolos bo mrns, ok fusah bo uk iojcrhinoktc ok ol acktrhsto bo lh nihmok, os boanr huiokthr lh bngorokanh oktro lcs rhsmcs bo ukh osaokh y hpcyo iès h lh nktorprothanñk vnsuhl.  

24   24

 

b) Aèlaulc bo lcs ékbnaos bo vomothanñk (KBWN).- Qo ahlaulh ol ékbnao bo vomothanñk kcrihlnzhbc kcrihlnzhbc phrh ufnahr lhs èrohs bckbo kc oxnstos vomothanñk hlmukh bnsarninkhkbc bnsarnin khkbc bo osth os th ihkorh lhs èrohs bogcrosthbhs pcr lh hatnvnbhbos inkorhs y hmrcpoauhrnhs, rohlnzhbc ack ol prcmrhih NL]NQ (Rdo Nktomrhtob Lhkb hkb ]htor Nkgcrihtnck Qystoi) vorsnñk 1.=. KBWN 9 A2-A1 / A2+A1 A2 A1

9 lh fhkbh 2 (nkgrhrrcjc aorahkc bo kuostrh nihmok crnmnkhl) 9 lh fhkbh 1 (rcjc vnsnflo bo kuostrh nihmok crnmnkhl)

1.1.2. Zckhs bo oktrokhinoktc Provnhiokto so soloaanckhrck iuostrhs iès roshlthktos bo lh nihmok hatuhl (6080), bckbo oxnsth pcac ackcaninoktc nk sntu, osths zckhs bo oktrokhinoktc sck cfsorvhbhs h gnk bo rohlnzhr ol roackcaninoktc prolninkhr bo lh acforturh nk sntu y lc cfsorvhbc ok lh nihmok shtolnthl ok lhs acifnkhanckos bo fhkbhs hplnahbhs, hl insic tnoipc so rohlnzhk rohlnz hk lh hplnahanñk bo oktrovnsths h lcs pcflhbcros bo lh zckh. 1.1.?. Botorinkhanñk bo lh loyokbh Ok lh botorinkhanñk bo alhsos bo èrohs bogcrosthbhs so acksnborh bcs alhsos bo èrohs bogcrosthbhs, lcs cahsnckhbcs pcr hmrnaulturh y cahsnckhbcs pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh, lh loyokbh phrh lh alhsngnahanñk so rohlnzh ok fhso h lh alhsngnahanñk somúk lh GHC hackbnanckhbc h lh rohlnbhb bo lh zckh, quo guorck bognknbhs phrh ol ihpoc ol pcboics cfsorvhr ok ol snmunokto thflh. Rhflh K°80: Loyokbh bo lh alhsngnahanñk y alhsos bo èrohs bogcrosthbhs Alhso Fcsquos (fcsquos prnihrncs, hmuhjhlos, ota.) Bogcrosthbcs pcr lh hatnvnbhb hmréaclh (phstcs, fcsquo soaukbhrnc) Bogcrosthbcs pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh Auorpcs bo hmuh (récs, lhmcs, ota.) Nksthlhanckos bo nkgrhostruaturh  Èrohs kc ovhluhbhs

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

 

Añbnmc F BH BI V N K

2>   2>

 

1.1.7. Nktorprothanñk vnsuhl bo lhs nièmokos Qo oiploh ol iîtcbc bo nktorprothanñk vnsuhl, snmunokbc lcs prnkanpncs quo snmunoro lh prcpuosth pcr Wéatcr Fhrrokh y Ahrlcs Whrmhs >  (6001). bckbo sumnoro quo phrh lh nktorprothanñk bo lh bogcrosthanñk, tokor ok auokth quo zckhs bo solvh trcpnahl, lh bogcrosthanñk ostè nkgluokanhbh prnkanphliokto pcr lhs ahrrotorhs, quo dhaok pcsnflo lhs hatnvnbhbos hktrñpnahs, hsé acic ok lhs nkiobnhanckos bo lcs aoktrcs pcflhbcs ackoathbcs c kc pcr ahrrotorhs y lcs aoktrcs pcflhbcs ackoathbcs pcr ol trhkspcrto gluvnhl. Qo botorinkñ lh osahlh bo trhfhjc ok phkthllh 8/1? 000, ol thihøc iéknic ahrtcmrègnac os bo 0.? doatèroh. Qomúk lh hgnrihanñk bo Mhraéh ot hl 8>>>5 Lcs Lcs arntorncs bo nktorprothanñk ok solvh fhjh so utnlnzh ok ol snmunokto crbok jorhrmnac5 aclcr, oktcrkc osphanhl,, gcrih, tckc, toxturh. Bckbo so voatcrnzhrck lhs uknbhbos bo bogcrosthan osphanhl bogcrosthanñk ñk ok lh acifnkhanñk bo fhkbhs ?21, toknokbc ok acksnborhanñk lcs arntorncs y phtrckos bognknbcs bognkn bcs thl acic so iuostrh h acktnkuhanñk:  acktnkuhanñk:  Gnmurh K°02: Woatcrnzhanñk bo lhs nièmokos h trhvîs bol iîtcbc vnsuhl

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Lh bnsarninkhanñk bo lh bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr hatnvnbhbos inkorhs y hmrcpoauhrnhs hmrcpoauhrn hs so rohlnzh ok gukanñk h bcs phtrckos ospoaégnacs bol oktcrkc osphanhl: Boktrc bo lhs èrohs bogcrosthbhs pcr hatnvnbhb inkorh snoipro oxnstok auorpcs bo hmuh hrtngnanhlos quo guorck mokorhbcs hl oxtrhor ol ihtornhl hurégorc. Ok ol prcaosc bo hvhkao bo bogcrosthanñk, lh hatnvnbhb inkorh tnoko gcrih robckbohbh, inoktrhs quo lh bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhbos hmréaclhs os bo gcrih auhbrhbh.

> Fhrrokh & Whrmhs, 6001.

Iotcbclcméh bo Nktorprothanñk y Ihpngnahanñk bo Fcsquos Qoaukbhrncs y Èrohs nktorvoknbhs, utnlnzhkbc nièmokos Lhkbsht, ack gnkos bo Nkvokthrnc bo Guoktos Gu oktos bo Oinsnñk bo Mhsos bo Ogoatc Nkvorkhborc. Lnih, Porú 

 

?0   ?0

 

1.1.=. Whlnbhanñk bo lh nktorprothanñk Lh vhlnbhanñk bo lh nktorprothanñk bo lhs nièmokos, so rohlnzh ok bcs othphs: Lh vorngnahanñk ack nièmokos bo hlth roscluanñk, so rohlnzh lh vorngnahanñk y acrroaanñk ack nièmokos bo hlth roscluanñk (DVA - Dnmd Vosclutnck Ahiorh) Aèihrh Phkarciètnah bo Hlth Voscluanñk. Lh aèihrh DVA cporh ok ukh úknah fhkbh ospoatrhl, quo aufro ol vnsnflo y phrto bol nkgrhrrcjc prñxnic. Ostè prosokto sclhiokto ok ol AFOVQ-6F. Prcbuao nièmokos bo ukh grhkjh bo 6= ei bo hkadc ack ukh roscluanñk bo 6,= iotrcs, quo porintnro lh cfsorvhanñk ack mrhk bothllo bo lcs cfjotcs bo lh suporgnano. Lh vhlnbhanñk bo ahipc, so rohlnzh romnstrhkbc mocmrègnahiokto ack snstoihs bo pcsnanckhinoktc mlcfhl (MPQ), hsé acic bo oktrovnsths h pcflhbcros bo lh zckh, bhbc quo lhs oktrovnsths puobok auiplnr y sorvnr bo nkstruioktc oxplcrhtcrnc phrh hyubhr h nboktngnahr vhrnhflos y rolhanckos (Eorlnkmor 8>>=). Phrh ol prosokto ostubnc so acksnborc ?? puktcs bnstrnfunbcs ok lhs ankac alhsos bo acforturh bhkbc ihycr ahktnbhb bo puktcs bo iuostroc h lhs acforturhs bo bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh (BI) y bogcrosthanñk pcr Hmrnaulturh (BH), Ostc bofnbc h quo oxnsto ihycros prcfhfnlnbhbos bo orrcr oktro lhs iokanckhbhs alhsos bo acforturh, Ihtrnz bo orrcr   Ack ol prcpñsntc bo iobnr lh ackgnhfnlnbhb bol ihph y ol knvol bo ackacrbhkanh, so olhfcrh ukh ihtrnz bo orrcr ack lcs bhtcs cftoknbcs ok lh ghso bo vorngnahanñk, so ackstruyo ukh ihtrnz auhbrhbh, Lhs gnlhs acrrospckbok h lhs alhsos rogorokanhlos (vorbhb bo ahipc) inoktrhs quo lhs acluikhs acrrospckbok h lhs alhsos bol ihph. Ok osth ihtrnz, lh bnhmckhl oxprosh ol kúiorc bo puktcs bo vorngnahanñk ok bckbo ackauorbhk hifhs guoktos (ihph y ahipc). Rhflh K°88: Ihtrnz bo orrcr bo lh ackacrbhkanh oktro alhsos HANOVRCQ Alhso ihph Fcsquos (F) Bogcrosthanñk pcr hmrnaulturh (BH) Bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh (BI) Auorpcs bo hmuh (V) Nksthlhanckos bo nkgrhostruaturh (N) Kc ovhluhbc (K) Rcthl xha u

r r cr o ci s k

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

 

F 88

Alhso ahipc BH BI V 8 8

6

80

8

6

87 6

81

81

60

.

.

.

.

.

.

81

Orrcr bo Cinsnñk 8?.14 42.76

81

=7.>6

61.04

84 =

44.4> =8.21

88.88 64.?=

2

2

800.00

-

2

??

_

K

?

?

.

.

-

-

Rcthl Oxhatntub

?8   ?8

 

Ackgnhfnlnbhb bol ihph (Gi) Phrh botorinkhr lh ackgnhfnlnbhb ackgnhfnlnbhb bol ihph so oiploñ lh gñriulh snmunokto:

Bckbo:  Bckbo:  Gi  Os lh ackgnhfnlnbhb ackgnhfnlnbhb bol ihph ∘Tn Os lh suihtcrnh bo lcs hanortcs c hauorbc cfsorvhbc  ∘∘ Tnn Os ol tcthl bo lcs puktcs iuostrohbcs  iuostrohbcs  Cftoknokbc acic rosulthbc rosulthbc lcs snmunoktos bhtcs quo so iuostrh ok lh thflh snmunokto5 s nmunokto5 Rhflh K°86: Pcraokthjo bo ackgnhfnlnbhb bol ihph Bosarnpanñk Rcthl bo puktcs iuostrohbcs Acnkanbokanhs: Proansnñk y/c ackgnhfnlnbhb (%) Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Whlcr ?? 27 0.42

Ékbnao bo Ehpph (e)  H phrtnr bo lh ihtrnz bo ackgusnñk puobo ahlaulhr ol ékbnao Ehpph (e ), ), quo inbo lh bngorokanh oktro lh ackacrbhkanh ihph-rohlnbhb cfsorvhbh y lh quo ahfréh osporhr sniploiokto pcr hzhr, Lh gñriulh h oiplohr os:   T 

 K  e  

6

nn

 K  

   T n   T n

  T 

n

 

 T  n

Bckbo: Tnn  nkbnah ol hauorbc cfsorvhbc y +  T+n  (prcbuatc bo ihrmnkhlos) lh ackacrbhkanh osporhbh. Ol vhlcr cftoknbc roprosokth ol pcraokthjo ok quo lh alhsngnahanñk os iojcr quo lh osporhbh pcr hzhr, cftoknokbc rosulthbcs quo so iuostrh ok lh snmunokto thflh. Rhflh K°81: Knvol bo ackacrbhkanh ack ol ékbnao bo Ehpph Ékbnao ehpph Orrcr ostèkbhr 0.=41 0.077 Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Nktorvhlc bo ackgnhkzh - >?% 0.7? - 0.>8

Guorzh bo lh ackacrbhkanh Fuokh

Qn ol vhlcr cftoknbc guorh 0.=41, bnréhics quo lh alhsngnahanñk bol ihph os =4 % iojcr quo lh osporhbh.

 

?6   ?6

 

Lcs vhlcros bo lh guorzh bo ackacrbhkanh ackacrbhkanh so acksnborhk ok ankac alhsos, lcs knvolos bo ackacrbhkanh ackacrbhk anh phrh ol prosokto ostubnc so bothllh ok lh snmunokto thflh: Rhflh K°82: Whlcros bo lh guorzh bo ackacrbhkanh phrh ol l ékbnao bo Ehpph K° 8 6 1 2 ? Guokto: Hltihk, 8>>8 

Knvol bo ackacrbhkanh

Whlcr bol ékbnao Ehpph

Pcfro Bîfnl Icborhbh Fuokh Iuy fuokh

< 0.6 0.6 - 0.2 0.2 - 0.7 0.7 - 0.4 ;0.4

1.1.4. Hjusto y obnanñk bol ihph gnkhl bo bogcrosthanñk Qo rohlnzñ ol hjusto y rovnsnñk bo lh nktorprothanñk bo lhs èrohs bogcrosthbhs, ok fhso hl trhfhjc bo ahipc y h lcs phtrckos quo pubnorck cfsorvhrso ok ol torrokc, roatngnahkbc lcs léintos y lcs añbnmcs bo lhs alhsos bo lhs èrohs bogcrosthbhs, cftoknokbc gnkhliokto ol Ihph bo Bogcrosthanñk bo lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn. 1.1.>. Hkèlnsns ok snstoihs bo nkgcrihanñk mocmrègnah (QNM) Ol hkèlnsns y lcs prcaobninoktcs utnlnzhbcs ok scgtwhro bo Qnstoihs bo Nkgcrihanñk Mocmrègnah (QNM), lcs tnpcs bo utnlnbhbos iès aciukos quo so boshrrcllhrck iobnhkto ol scgtwhro HraMNQ sck lcs snmunoktos:   Acksulths sniplos ahlaulc bo prcpnobhbos osphanhlos5 vhlcros bo htrnfutcs



osphanhlos (èrohs, poréiotrcs, lckmntubos, accrbokhbhs bo aoktrcnbos, ota.) bo gnmurhs soloaanckhbhs. soloaanckhbhs.   Cporhanckos oktro ahphs ahphs y sup suporpcsnanñk orpcsnanñk roalhsngnahanñk5 gusnckhr (iormo), lninthr h ukh gnmurh (alnp), uknñk osphanhl (sphtnhl jcnk), nktorsoaanñk, uknñk.



1.2. Dhllhkbc lhs thshs bo bogcrosthanñk Pcstorncr hl hkèlnsns bo lcs rosulthbcs so ostnih lh thsh bogcrosthanñk bol èroh bo ostubnc, somúk lh GHC, bckbo so ostnih lh ahktnbhb bo èroh bogcrosthbh hl høc ok ol lhpsc bo uk botorinkhbc tnoipc, so iuostrh h acktnkuhan acktnkuhanñk ñk lh gñriulh:

 

?1   ?1

 

2. VOQ_LRHBCQ ^ BNQA_QNCKOQ 2.8. VOQ_LRHBCQ 2.8.8. Bogcrosthanñk ok lcs bnstrntcs Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn, høc 6080. h. Bogcrosthanñk bol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo Osto bnstrntc prosokth ihycr ihycr oxtoksnñk bo supor suporgnano gnano bo bogcrosthanñk bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbcs cahsnckhbcs pcr lhs hatnvnbhbos inkorhs, ol auhl so iuostrhk bo aclcr guasnh ok lh acifnkhanñk bo lh fhkbh ?21 quo so iuostrh ok lh nihmok snmunokto:

Nihmok K°06: Nihmok bol lhkbsht ? bol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo, fhkbhs ?21

Guokto: NKPO 01/88/6080

 

?2   ?2

 

Gnmurh K°0?: Ihph bo alhsngnahanñk bo acforturhs bol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Ok osto ihph (gnmurh (gnmurh K°0?), bospuîs bospuîs bo dhfor hkhlnzhbc hkhlnzhbc y alhsngn alhsngnahbc ahbc ol tnpc bo acforturhs, so puobo vnsuhlnzhr lh ufnahanñk bo lhs suporgnanos bogcrosthbhs pcr lhs hatnvnbhbos inkorhs, lhs auhlos ostèk ufnahbhs hbyhaoktos h lcs récs y quofrhbhs. Lh ihycr suporgnano bogcrosthbh so bofo h lh inkoréh. Qnk oifhrmc, thifnîk oxnsto bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr hatnvnbhbos hmrcpoauhrnhs. Qo bothllhk h acktnkuhanñk ok lh thflh snmunokto s nmunokto lhs bngoroktos suporgnanos bogcrosthbhs: Rhflh K°8?: Pcraokthjo bo èrohs bo acforturhs bol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo. Alhso bo acforturh Fcsquos Auorpcs bo hmuh Bogcrosthanñk hmrcpoauhrncs Bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh Nksthlhanckos urfhkcs  Èrohs kc ovhluhbcs Rcthl Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

roh (dh) 810,2=6.44 8,=20.>= 8,>=6.72 81,?28.77 881.4? 82=,426.00

Pcraokthjo (%) 44.6? 8.84 8.11 >.87 0.04 800.00

 

 

Mrègnac K°06: Pcraokthjo bo acforturhs bo lh zckngnahanñk bol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo hl 6080

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Qomúk kuostrc hkèlnsns cfsorvhbc ok ol mrègnac K°06, pcboics hgnrihr quo lh bogcrosthanñk ok ol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo, os cahsnckhbh prnkanphliokto pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh, snokbc ol > %, ack rospoatc hl èroh tcthl bol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo.

??   ??

 

 

f. f.  Bogcrosthanñk bol bnstrntc Nkhifhrn Osto bnstrntc prosokth ukh thsh bo bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh, iokcr (18?.8? dh/høc) quo ol bnstrntc bo duopotudo (?46.84 dh/høc). Osto tnpc bo bogcrosthanñk so dh nkaroiokthbc snmkngnahtnvhiokto ok lcs últnics tros høcs. H acktnkuhanñk so iuostrh ukh nihmok lhksbsht ok lh acifnkhanñk bo llh h fhkbh ?21 y ok rospoatnvc ihph bo alhsngnahanñk alhsngn ahanñk bo acforturhs:

Nihmok K°01: Nihmok bol lhkbsht ? bol bnstrntc bo Nkhifhrn, fhkbhs ?21

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

?7   ?7

 

?=   ?=

 

Gnmurh K°07: Ihph bo alhsngnahanñk bo acforturhs bol bnstrntc bo Nkhifhrn

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Ok lh gnmurh K°07, so iuostrh quo lh lh ihycr suporgnano suporgnano bogcrosthbh os cahsnckhbh cahsnckhbh pcr hatnvnbhbos hmrcpoauhrnhs, hmrcpoauhrnhs, snokbc ok iokcr pcraokthjo (8.8?%) lh bogcrosthanñk pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh. (Wor snmunokto thflh) thflh) Rhflh K°87: Pcraokthjo bo èrohs bo acforturhs bol bnstrntc bo Nkhifhrn   Alhso bo acforturh Fcsquos Auorpcs bo hmuh Bogcrosthanñk hmrcpoauhrnh hmrcpoauhrnh Bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh Nksthlhanckos urfhkcs  Èrohs kc ovhluhbcs ovhluhbcs Rcthl mokorhl

Èroh (dh) 1>0,?48.87 80,1=2.40 8>,==1.>6 2,>0=.81 22.>> 26?,746.00 26?,746 .00

Pcraokthjo (%) >8.=? 6.22 2.7? 8.8? 0.08 800.00

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Ol èroh tcthl bol bnstrntc bo Nkhifhrn os bo 26?,746.00 dhs. Lh bogcrosthanñk pcr lh hatnvnbhb hmréaclh 8>,==1.>6 acrrospckb acrrospckbo o hl ?% bol bol èroh tcthl aciphrhbc aack ck ol 8 % bo lh bogcrosthanñk caurrnbh pcr hatnvnbhbos hatnvnbhbos inkorhs. Ol èroh tcthl bo bogcrosthan bogcrosthanñk ñk pcr bnvorshs hatnvnbhbos acrrospckbo acrrospckbo hl 7% bol tcthl:

 

 

Mrègnac K°01: Pcraokthjo bo acforturhs bo lh zckngnahanñk bol bnstrntc bo Nkhifhrn hl 6080

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Qomúk hl mrègnac K°01, pcboics hgnrihr quo lh bogcrosthanñk ok ol bnstrntc bo Nkhifhrn, os cahsnckhbc prnkanphliokto pcr lhs hatnvnbhbos hmrcpoauhrn hmrcpoauhrnhs hs (?%).

2.8.6. Bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh scfro ctrcs boroadcs bo usc ctcrmhbcs ok lh suporgnano Boktrc bol èroh bo ostubnc so dhk ctcrmhbc bngoroktos boroadcs bo usc bo suolc: ackaosnckos bo rogcrosthanñk, aciuknbhbos khtnvhs, probncs hmréaclhs y ackaosnckos gcrosthlos. Ok ahbh ukh bo osths èrohs caurrnorck bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhbos inkorhs lhs auhlos so iuostrhk h acktnkuhanñk ok ol snmunokto ihph (suporgnanos bo aclcr rcjc).  rcjc). 

?4   ?4

 

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Gnmurh K°0=: Ihph bo bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh scfro ctrcs boroadcs bo uscs

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Qomúk h lh thflh K°8= Lh ihycr suporgnano bogcrosthbh pcr inkoréh h caurrnbc ok probncs hmréaclhs (11%) y ackaosnckos bo rogcrosthanñk (16 %). vor snmunokto thflh.

Rhflh K°8=: Pcraokthjo bo èrohs bogcrosthbhs pcr inkoréh scfro ctrcs boroadcs bo uscs

Boroadc bo usc Aciuknbhbos Khtnvhs Ackaosnckos bo rogcrosthanñk Ackaosnckos gcrosthlos Probncs hmréaclhs Rcthl mokorhl Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Èroh (dh) 8,2?4.71 6,677.26 8,02>.?1 6,17?.11 =,81>.>0

Pcraokthjo (%) 60.21 18.=2 82.=0 11.81 800.00

 

70 70  

 

Mrègnac K°02: Pcraokthjo bo èrohs bogcrosthbhs pcr inkoréh scfro ctrcs boroadcs bo uscs

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Qomúk ol mrègnac K°025 Lh ihycr suporgnano bogcrosthbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh so okauoktrh ok probncs hmréaclhs, snokbc 6,17?.11 quo roprosokth ol 11% y ackaosnckos bo rogcrosthanñk ack 6,677.26 doatèrohs quo roprosokth ol 16 %, somunbc pcr aciuknbhboss khtnvhs y ackaosnckos gcrosthl aciuknbhbo gcrosthlos. os.

2.8.1. Bogcrosthanñk pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh h knvol bo soatcros y thshs bo bogcrosthanñk Lh bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh auhktngnahbh h knvol bo soatcros y ol tnoipc quo so vnoko v noko lhfcrhkb lhfcrhkbc c ok ahbh soatcr so iuostrh ok lh snmunokt s nmunokto o thflh: Rhflh K°84: Vosuiok bo lhs èrohs bogcrosthbhs pcr soatcros, høc 6080 Zckhs

Qoatcr

Duopotudo Jhyhvo Zckh bo  Èifntc hicrtnmuhinoktc bo ostubnc Duhahihyc Ihzuac Véc Ihlnkcsen Guorh bo Bolth èifntc Ctrcs soatcros

Rnoipc bo oxtrhaanñk ack kuovcs iîtcbcs (høc)80 

Èroh (dh)

Pcraokthjo (%)

8= 6

86,4?=.02 10?.11

2=.84 8.86

0.? 6 80 6 7

888.6= 1,0>6.8? 8,112.4? =24.8? 4,607.0> ?>1.?7

0.28 88.1? 2.>0 6.=? 10.86 6.84 800.00

Rcthl mokorhl

Rcthl

84,224.=>

4,=>>.7?

6=,624.22

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh 80

 Lh botorinkhanñk bo lcs høcs quo so vnokok utnlnzhkbc bo lcs iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk bo crc ok lcs bnvorscs

soatcros so rohlnzh ok gukanñk guk anñk lh nkgcrihanñk bo nihmok shtolnthl acrrcfcrhbc ack lhs oktrovnsths h lcs oxtrhatcros. 

 

78 78  

 

Mrègnac K°0?: Volhanñk bol tnoipc bo hatnvnbhb ack lh suporgnano bogcrosthbh

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Qomúk h lh thflh K°84, rosuinbc ok ol mrègnac K°0?5 kñtoso quo ok ol soatcr Bolth y Duhahihyc, Duhahihy c, snokbc i iokcr okcr ol tnoipc bo trhfhjc, lh bogcrosthanñk os ihycr.

Rhflh K°8>: Iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk hurégorh pcr soatcros Zckhs

Qoatcr

Duopotudo Jhyhvo Zckh bo  Èifntc bo hicrtnmuhinoktc ostubnc Duhahihyc Ihzuac Véc Ihlnkcsen Guorh bol èifntc bo ostubnc

Bolth

Ctrcs soatcros

Ahrmhbcr, hrrhstro Aduphborh, trhah

8= 6

K° bo ihqunkhrnh88  hprcxnihbc hl 84/01/6080 Nkbotorinkhbc 800

Aduphborh, trhah Ahrhkadorh, Rrhah Ahrmhbcr Aduphborh, trhah Aduphborh, Ahrhkadorh Ahrhkadorh, aduphborh, ahrmhbcr, trhah Rcthl mokorhl

0.? 6 80 6

100 800 Nkbotorinkhbc 600

7

Nkbotorinkhbc

Nkbotorinkhbc

Nkbotorinkhbc

Iîtcbc iès ushbc

Rnoipc bo oxtrhaanñk ack ol iîtcbc (høcs)

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Boktrc bo lcs soatcros iès nktorvoknbcs pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh, so okacktrñ ? iîtcbcs prnkanphlos bo oxtrhaanñk bo crc: aduphborhs, ahrhkadorhs, ahrmhbcr, trhahs, hrrhstro. (Wor gctcs ok hkoxcs)  H acktnkuhan acktnkuhanñk ñk bothllhics lh bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh ok lcs soatcros snmunoktos:

88

 Lh ahktnbhb bo ihqunkhrnh ostnihbh os h knvol rogorokanhl, ostc bofnbc h quo osto bhtc os ukh vhrnhflo iuy nkosthflo bngnaulthkbc lh auhktngnahanñk.

 

76 76  

 

h) Qoatcr Duopotudo Ol soatcr bo Duopotudo os ukc bo lcs soatcros bckbo

oxnstéhk nkbnancs

bo

bogcrosthanñk nktoksh cahsnckhbh cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh, bosbo ol høc 8>>1 bckbo yh so utnlnzhfhk ihqunkhrnh acic ahrmhbcros poquoøcs y vclquotos. Pcstorncr hl høc 6000 so oiplohrck ihqunkhrnhs ack ihycr ahphanbhb bo trhfhjc acic ahrmhbcros y rotrcoxahvhbcros. Qnk oifhrmc, ahfo proanshr quo lh oxtrhaanñk bo crc pcr aclckcs bhth bosbo lh bîahbh bo lcs 40 ok osahlhs iokcros. h acktnkuhanñk so iuostrh 6 nièmokos bo bngoroktos goadhs ok lhs auhlos so cfsorvh lh caurrokanh bo ahifncs bo acforturh nktoksnvh ok osto soatcr luomc bo hprcxnihbhiokto hprcxnihbhiokto bcs bîahbhs bo dhforso nknanhbc lh hatnvnbhb bo oxtrhaanñk bo crc (aclcr guasnh hbyhaokto h récs y quofrhbhs).

Rhflh K°60: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr Duopotudo Høc

Quporgnano bo bogcrosthanñk (dh)

8>>1

6,>70.01

6080

86,4?=.02

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Mrègnac K°07: Quporgnano bo bogcrosthanñk soatcr Duopotudo (dh) 864?=.02

860 800 40 70 20 60

2.?

0

 

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Bospuîs bol hkèlnsns bo lhs nièmokos shtolnthlos ok ol høc 8>>1 so okacktrñ quo lh bogcrosthanñk tcthl orh bo 6,>70.01 dh, aciphrhbc h lh bogcrosthanñk caurrnbh dhsth ol høc 6080 ack uk tcthl bo 86,4? 86,4?=.02 =.02 dh. Boicstrh Boicstrhkbc kbc uk mrhk nkaroioktc nkaroioktc ok lh thsh bo bogcrosthanñk pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh ok osto soatcr. Rhflh K°68: Prciobnc hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk soatcr Duopotudo  Duopotudo  

Porécbc   Porécbc 8>>1 - 6080

Quporgnano bogcrosthbc (dh)  (dh)  >,4>=.08

Rhsh hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk (dh/høc)  (dh/høc)  ?46.84

 

71 71  

 

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Qomúk ol hkèlnsns bo lhs nièmokos shtolnthlos, ok uk porncbc bo 8= høcs so iuostrhk ahifncs bo acforturh snmkngnahtnvh pcr inkoréh (>,4>=.08 dhs), snokbc lh thsh bo bogcrosthanñk, ?46.84 dh/høc ok osto soatcr.

f) Qoatcr bo Jhyhvo Ol rnc Jhyhvo os ukc bo lcs soatcros bckbo bckbo iès dh nkaroiokthbc nkaroiokthbc llh h bogcrosthanñ bogcrosthanñk k cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh ok lcs tros últnics høcs. Ok lh nihmok K°7, so puobo vnsuhlnzhr lhs èrohs bogcrosthbhs pcr inkoréh (èrohs ok aclcr guasnh), juktc h auorpcs bo hmuh hrtngnanhlos (èrohs bo aclcr hzul) mokorhbcs pcr osth hatnvnbhb bo oxtrhaanñk bo crc crc iobnhkto aduphborhs, trhahs y ahrhkadorhs. ahrhkadorhs. Rhflh K°66: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr Jhyhvo Høc

Quporgnano bo bogcrosthanñk (dh)

6?/0?/6004 01/88/6080

=?.=6 10?.11

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Mrègnac K°0=  K°0=  Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr Jhyhvo ok lcs høcs 6004 hl 6080

1?0

10?.11

100 6?0 600 8?0 =?.=6

800 ?0 0

6004

6080

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Qomúk hl mrègnac K°0=, so iuostrh ol nkaroiokto bo bogcrosthanñk ok hprcxnihbhiokto hprcxnihbh iokto 06 høcs. Rhflh K°61: K°61: Prciobnc hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk soatcr Jhyhvo  Jhyhvo   Porécbc   Porécbc 6004 - 6080 Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Quporgnano bogcrosthbc (dh)  (dh)  66>.78

Rhsh hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk (dh/høc)  (dh/høc)  882.48

 

 

72 72  

 

a) Qoatcr bo zckh bo hicrtnmuhinoktc Ok osto ostubnc ostubnc so acksnborñ ukh phrto phrto bo lh zckh bo h hicrtnmuhinoktc icrtnmuhinoktc o oktro ktro lcs enlñiotrcss 801 y 88? bol ihrmok bo nzqunorbh bo lh ahrrotorh nktorcaoè enlñiotrc nktorcaoèknah knah Puortc Ihlbckhbc - Ihzuec. Bofnbc h lh bogcrosthanñk caurrnbh pcr lhs hatnvnbhbos inkorhs nlomhlos nlomhl os h phrtnr bo juknc bol 6080. Qnmunoktos Qnmunoktos nièmokos ovhluhbh ovhluhbhs. s. Rhflh K°62: K°62: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr zckh bo hicrtnmuhinoktc Høc Juk. 6080 Kcv. 6088

Quporgnano bo bogcrosthanñk (dh) 2.?0 888.6=

Guokto: olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Mrègnac K°04 Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr zckh bo Hicrtnmuhinoktc

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Ol soatcr bo lh zckh bo hicrtnmuhinoktc, somúk lhs nièmokos icstrhbhs pcboics hproanhr lh bogcrosthanñk caurrnbh ok uk porncbc porncbc bo iobnc høc, snokbc ol tcthl bol èroh bogcrosthbh 888.6= doatèrohs. Rhflh K°6?: K°6?: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr zckh bo hicrtnmuhinoktc Porécbc Juk. 6080 ‑ Kcv. 6080 Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Quporgnano bogcrosthbc (dh) 807.==

Rhsh hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk (dh/høc) 681.?2

 

7? 7?  

 

b) Qoatcr Duhahihyc Duhahihyc   Osto soatcr os nktorvoknbh nktorvoknbh pcr lcs oxtrhatcros oxtrhatcros bo crc nkgcrihl bckbo bckbo dhk caurrn caurrnbc bc ahifncs bo acforturh bo ihkorh nktoksnvh bosbo ol høc 6004 cahsnckhbc pcr lh inkoréh utnlnzhkbc aduphborhs y ahrhkador ahrhkadorhs hs prnkanphliokto.

Rhflh K°67: K°67: Quporgnano Bogcrosthbh Qoatcr Duhahihyc  Duhahihyc  Høc

Quporgnano bo bogcrosthanñk (dh)

6004.? 6080

8,8>6.71 1,0>6.8?

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Mrègnac K°0>: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh Qoatcr Duhahihyc

Rhflh K°6=: K°6=: Rhsh prciobnc hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk bol Qoatcr Duhahihyc Porécbc 6004.? - 6080

Quporgnano bogcrosthbc (dh) 8,4>>.?6

Rhsh hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk (dh/høc) =?>.48

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Qomúk h lh thflh K°6=, so vnsuhlnzh lh ihmkntub bo lcs ahifncs bo acforturh ok ol soatcr bo Duhahihyc. Ol tcthl bo èrohs bogcrosthbh ok ol porncbc Juknc 6004 dhsth Kcvnoifro bol 6080 guo 8,4>>.?6, snokbc lh thsh bo bogcrosthanñk bogcrostha nñk hkuhl =?>.48 doatèrohs.

 

77 77  

 

o) Qoatcr Ihzuac Ok ol soatcr bo Ihzuac, caurrnorck ihycr bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh ok zckhs hbyhaoktos hl rnc bcs bo ihyc y lh aciuknbhb khtnvh Ectsnifh, prnkanphliokto cahsnckhbc pcr lh oxtrhaanñk bo crc ack ihqunkhrnhs acic ahrmhbcr, vclquotos y rotrc cahsnckhbc oxahvhbcrhs, h acktnkuhanñk so iuostrhk lhs snmunoktos nièmokos bo osto soatcr. Rhflh K°64: K°64: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr Ihzuac Høc

Quporgnano bo bogcrosthanñk (dh)

6000 6080

68=.74 8,112.4?

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Mrègnac K°80:  K°80: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh Qoatcr Ihzuac

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Rhflh K°10: K°10: Prciobnc hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk soatcr Ihzuac Porécbc   Porécbc 6000 - 6080

Quporgnano bogcrosthbc (dh)  (dh)  8,88=.8=

Rhsh hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk (dh/høc)  (dh/høc)  888.=6

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Ok ol Qoatcr bo Ihzuec pcboics bnstn bnstnkmunr kmunr alhrhiokto lh bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh, lh auhl dh snbc pcac hmrosnvc, dh toknbc uk hvhkao phulhtnkc y loktc yh quo ok 80 høcs so dh bogcrosthbc uk prciobnc bo 8,88=.8= doatèrohs. doatèrohs. Hsé insic so cfsorvh ukh thsh bo bogcrosthanñk rolhtnvhiokto fhjh (vor thflh)

 

7= 7=  

 

g) Qoatcr Véc Ihlnkcsqun Ihlnkcsqun   Ol soatcr bol Véc Ihlnkcsqun, os ukc bo lcs soatcros bckbo lh oxtrhaanñk inkorh hurégorh orh hrtoshkhl dhsth hktos bol høc 6004. H phrtnr bo osto høc høc so nktrcbuj nktrcbujc c lcs iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk iès hatuhlos (aduphborhs, trhahs y ahrhkadorhs). Rhflh K°6>: K°6>: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh  ‑ Ihlnkcsqun Høc

Quporgnano bo bogcrosthanñk (dh) 8>2.21 =24.8?

6004 6080 Guokto: olhfcrhanñk prcpnh, bnanoifro 6080

Mrègnac K°88:  K°88: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh - Ihlnkcsqun  Ihlnkcsqun  =24.8?

400 =00 700 ?00 200 100 8>2.21

600 800 0 6004

6080

 

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Ok ol mrègnac K°87 so cfsorvh ol nkaroioktc bo lh bogcrosthanñk ok ol soatcr bo ihlnkcsqun, oktro ol høc 6004 hl 6080, snokbc ol nkaroioktc ok osto porncbc, uk tcthl bo ??1.=1 doatèrohs doatèrohs y ack ukh thsh prciobnc prciobnc hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk bo 6=7.47 dh/høc. Rhl acic so iuostrh ok lh thflh snmunokto. Rhflh K°10: K°10: Prciobnc hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk - Ihlnkcsqun  Ihlnkcsqun   Porécbc   Porécbc 6004 - 6080 Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh |

Quporgnano bogcrosthbc (dh)  (dh)  ??1.=1

Rhsh hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk (dh/høc)  (dh/høc)  6=7.47

 

74 74  

 

m) Qoatcr Bolth Ok osto soatcr so cfsorvñ lh thsh iès hlth bo bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh nkgcrihl. H phrtnr bol høc 6002 so oipozhrck h utnlnzhr lcs iîtcbc bo oxtrhaanñk hatuhlos (aduphborhs, trhahs). Rhflh K°18: K°18: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr Bolth Høc Quporgnano bo bogcrosthanñk (dh) 6002 6080

8>0.26 4,607.0>

Guokto: olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Kñtoso ol nkaroioktc ihsnvc bo lcs ahifncs bo acforturh cahsnckhbc pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh h gnkhlos bol høc 6080 snokbc uk tcthl bo 4,607.0> doatèrohs bogcrosthbhs thl acic so iuostrh ok lh snmunokto s nmunokto thflh.

Mrègnac K°86: Quporgnano bogcrosthbh soatcr Bolth  Bolth 

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Acic puobo cfsorvhrso cfsorvhrso ok ol mrègnac mrègnac K°86 lh bogcrosthanñk so nkaroiokth nkaroiokth ok 4,08?.7= doatèrohs, toknokbc lh ihycr thsh bo bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh h knvol bo soatcros, snokbc su thsh prciobnc 8,11?.>? dh/høc thl acic so iuostrh ok lh snmunokto thflh. Rhflh K°16: K°16: Prciobnc hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk soatcr Bolth Porécbc   Porécbc 6002 - 6080 Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Quporgnano bogcrosthbc (dh)   (dh) 4,08?.7=

Rhsh hkuhl bo bogcrosthanñk (dh/høc)  (dh/høc)  8,11?.>?

 

7> 7>  

 

 H acktnkuhanñk so prosokth uk rosuiok bo thshs bo bogcrosthanñk bogcrosthanñk h knvol bo soatcros acksnborhbcss phrh ol prosokto nkgcrio: acksnborhbc Rhflh K°11: Vosuiok bo suporgnanos y thshs bo bogcrosthanñk pcr soatcros Èifntc

 Èifntc bo ostubnc Ctrcs èrohs

Qoatcr Duopotudo Jhyhvo Zckh bo hicrtnmuhinoktc Duhahihyc Duhahihy c Ihzuac Véc Ihlnkcsen Bolth Ctrcs soatcros

Porncbc Høc nknanhl -Høc gnkhl Juk 8>>1 -Kcv 6080 Hmc 6004 -Kcv 6080

Quporgnano bo Quporgnano bogcrosthbc bogcrosthbc høc gnkhl (dh) (dh) 6,>70.01 86,4?=.02 >,4>=.08 =?.=6 10?.11 66>.78

Quporgnano bo bogcrosthbc høc nknanhl (dh)

Rhsh hkuhl (dh/høc) ?46.84 882.48

Juk 6080 -Kcv 6080

2.?0

888.6=

807.==

681.?2 681.?2

Hmc 6004 -Kcv 6080 Ihy 6000 -Qot 6080 Hmc 6004 ‑Qot 6080 Hmc 6002 -Kcv 6080

8,8>6.71 68=.74 8>2.21 8>0.26

1,0>6.8? 8,112.4? =24.8? 4,607.0> ?>1.?7 6=,624.22

8,4>>.?6 8,88=.8= ??1.=1 4,08?.7=

=?>.48 888.=6 6=7.47 8,11?.>?

Rcthl

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Mrègnac K°81: Quporgnanos y thshs bo bogcrosthanñk pcr soatcros 

Ol soatcr Bolth tnoko lh ihycr thsh bo bogcrosthanñk snokbc 8,11?.>? doatèrohs pcr høc, bckbo so dh bogcrosthbc 4,607.0> doatèrohs ok uk porncbc bo 7 høcs, (6002  ‑  6080), somunbc pcr ol soatcr bo Duhahihyc ack ukh thsh bo =?>.48doathrohs pcr høc bckbo so dh bogcrosthbc 8,4>>.?6 doatèrohs ok tcthl bosbo ol 6004 hl 6080 ok uk porncbc bo 6 høcs y ol soatcr bo Duopotudo ack ukh thsh bo ?46.84 pcr høc snk oifrhmc h lh hatuhlnbhb tnoko >,4>=.08 doatèrohs ok tcthl ok uk porncbc bo 8= høcs (8>>1-6080).

 

=0 =0  

 

2.8.2. Bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh ok èifntc bo ostubnc porncbc 8>=7-6080 Oxnsto bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh y hmrcpoauhrn hmrcpoauhrnh, h, porncbc 8>=76080, lhs suporgnanos bogcrosthbhs hauiulhbhs so iuostrhk ok lh snmunokto thflh: Rhflh K°12: Bogcrosthanñk pcr lh hatnvnbhb bo inkoréh ok ol èroh bo ostubnc Høc

Fcsquo prnihrnc bol èroh bo ostubnc (dh)

8>=7 8>40 8>4= 8>>1 6000 6007 6080

??=,74? ??=,040 ??2,171 ??0,?>6 ?17,?1> ?18,6=1 ?60,1>7

Rnpc bo bogcrosthanñk Bogcrosthanñk (dh)

1,=61 2,164 =,02? 80,487 62,47> 10,817 28,081

Bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhbos hmrcpoauhrnhs (dh)

Bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhb inkorh (dh)

1,=61 2,164 7,1?8 =,4?7 84,886 60,>47 66,?72

7>2 6,>70 7,=?4 >,8?0 84,22>

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Rhflh K°1?: Whrnhanñk hkuhl bo lh thsh bo ahifnc bo lh acforturh fcsacsh Rhsh bo ahifnc hkuhl Porncbc (høcs)

8>=7-8>40 8>40-8>4= 8>4=-8>>1 8>>1-6000 6000-6007 6007-6080

K° Høcs

2 = 7 = 7 2

Whrnhanñk (dh/høc)

Whrnhanñk %

-144 -764 -6,004 -4=4 -6,=8>

-0.88 -0.17 -0.87 -0.?8

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Mrègnac K°82: Bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhb hmrcpoauhrnh y inkorc ok ol èroh bo ostubnc, porncbc 8>=7-6080

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

 

=8 =8  

 

Ok ol mrhgnac so cfsorvh quo lh lh thsh bo bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh os ihycr h phrtnr bol høc 600?, inoktrhs quo lh thsh bo bogcrosthanñk bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhbos hatnvnbhbos hmrcpoauhrnhs acinokzh h phrtnr bol høc 8>>1.

Rhflh K°17: Rhsh bo bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh ok ol èroh bo ostubnc, soatcr bolth y hbyhaoktos, porncbc 8>=7-6080 K° høcs bo Porncbc hatnvnbhb nktoksnvh 8>=7-8>40 2 8>40-8>4= = 8>4=-8>>1 7 8>>1-6000 = 6000-6002 2 6002-6004 2 6004-6080 6 Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh 

Bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhb inkorh (dh) 7>2.2= 6,67?.?7 1,=>=.7= 8,=88.77 >,8=7.0> >,706.>>

Rhsh bo Bogcrosthanñk hauiulhbh bogcrosthanñk (dh/høc) (dh) 0 7>2.2= 6>70.01 7=?=.=0 427>.17 8=72?.2? 6=624.22

>>.68 1==.?> ?26.?6 26=.>6 6,6>2.06 2,408.?0

Mrègnac K°8?: Bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh ok ol èroh bo ostubnc, soatcr bolth y hbyhaoktos, porncbc 8>=7-6080

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk prcpnh

Acic so puobo cfsorvhr ok ol Mrègnac K°8?5 lh bogcrosthanñk so dh nkaroiokthbc pcr lh hatnvnbhb hatnvnbhb inkorh h phrtnr phrtnr bol høc 6002 bofnbc h lh lh utnlnzhan utnlnzhanñk ñk bo iîtcbc iîtcbcss bo oxtrhaanñk ack ihycr ahphanbhb bo trhfhjc oiplohbc ok lcs últnics sons høcs, ostc bofnbc hl hlzh bo proanc bol iothl hurégorc.

 

 

Ok auhktc h lhs thshs bo bogcrosthanñk bol soatcr bolth so acksnborh h phrtnr bol høc bckbo so nkmroshk iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk hrtoshkhl hl usc bo ictcros ack ahphanbhb bo trhfhjc bo hltc rokbninoktc phrh lh roicanñk bo suolcs. Mrègnac K°87: Rhshs bo bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh ok ol èroh bo ostubnc, soatcr bolth y hbyhaoktos, porncbc 8>=7 - 6080  6080 

Guokto: Olhfcrhanñk Prcpnh

Acic so puobo cfsorvhr ok ol Mrègnac K°87, lh thsh tnokbo h nkaroiokthrso bo ihkorh oxpckokanhl ok osth últnih bîahbh, mokorhbc pcr ol oiploc bo iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk pcr suaanñk bo ihtornhl hurégorc ack aduphborhs ahrhkadorhs y trhahs, quo dhaok nipcsnflo nipcsnflo ol acktrcl pcr lhs hutcrnbhbos.

=6 =6  

 

=1 =1  

 

2.6. BNQA_QNCKOQ   Qomúk kuostrcs kuostrcs rosulthbcs dhsth ol høc 6080, lh bogcrosth bogcrosthanñk anñk cahsnckhbh cahsnckhbh pcr lh



hatnvnbhb inkorh ok ol bnstrntc bo Duopotudo os bo 81,?28.77 dh. Qnk oifhrmc, somúk Voahfhrrok ot hl. 6080. Ok su ostubnc bo auhktngnahanñk bo lh bogcrosthanñk ostnih ukh bogcrostha bogcrosthanñk nñk pcr inkoréh os os bo 87,>66.00 doatèrohs hl 6080, snokbc osto èroh bogcrosthbh ihycr quo lh cfsorvhbh ok kuostrc rosulthbc, bckbo pcsnfloiokto osth bngorokanh so bofh h quo ol ostubnc os rohlnzhbc pcr Voahfhrrok oiploh ol iîtcbc bo alhsngnahanñk bnmnthl, ol auhl lh bnsarninkhanñk bo bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh y lh bogcrosthanñk pcr hatnvnbhbos hmréaclhs sornh ol ghatcr prnkanphl phrh lh cftokanñk bo rosulthbcs snmkngnahtnvhiokto bngorokto hl prosokto ostubnc quo guo rohlnzhbc ack ol iîtcbc bo nktorprothan nktorprothanñk ñk vnsuhl.   Qcfro lcs ahifncs ahifncs bo pîrbnbh bo acforturh cahsnckhbh pcr lh inkoréh h knvol bo



soatcros, so botorinkhrck botorinkhrck ack haopthflo proan proansnñk, snñk, snk oifhrmc lcs lcs ahifncs bo mhkhkanh bo acforturh pcr romokorhanñk khturhl, kc so lcmrhrck auhktngnahr bofnbc hl usc bol iîtcbc bo nktorprothan nktorprothanñk ñk vnsuhl oiplohbc.   Qcfro lh vhrnhanñk vhrnhanñk bo lhs thshs bo bogcrosthan bogcrosthanñk ñk cahsnckhbh pcr lh lh hatnvnbhb



inkorh h trhvîs bol tnoipc, somúk so iuostrh ok ol mrhgnac K°8?, so nkaroiokth h phrtnr bol høc 600? dhsth ol prosokto (6080), osth nkaroioktc bo lhs thshs bo bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh muhrbh ukh rolhanñk ack lh ovcluanñk bo lcs iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk snokbc ok lcs últnics høcs lhs aduphborh aduphborhss y oqunpcs sninlhr sninlhros os thl acic so iuostrh ok ol mrhgnac iokanckhbc i okanckhbc..

 

=2 =2  

 

?. ACKAL_QNCKOQ ^ VOACIOKBHANCKOQ ?.8. ACKAL_QNCKOQ h. Ok lcs lcs bnstrntcs bo Duopotudo o Nkhifhrn, lh bogcros bogcrosthanñk thanñk cahsnckhbh burhkto burhkto lh últnih bîahbh sck crnmnkhbcs pcr lhs hatnvnbhbos bo oxtrhaanñk inkorh (84,224.=> dh) y hatnvnbhb hatnvnbhbos os hmrcpoauhrnhs hmrcpoauhrnhs (66,?72.00 dh). dh). Ok ol bnstrntc bnstrntc bo Duopotud Duopotudo o lh ihycr suporgnano bogcrosthbh os pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh (86,4?=.02 dh), zckhs quo so okauoktrhk bnstrnfunbhs ok lhs hbyhaoktos bo lhs quofrhbhs y récs. Ok auhktc h lcs ahifncs pcsntnvcs y/c mhkhkanhs bo acforturhs fcsacsh pcr romokorhanñk khturhl, kc guorck pcsnflos auhktngnahr ack iîtcbc vnsuhl. f. Oxnsto bogcrosthanñk bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh ok boroadc boroadcss ctcrmhbcs ok probn probncs cs hmréaclhs, somunbc pcr ackaosnckos bo rogcrosthanñk, aciuknbhbos khtnvhs y ackaosnckhrncs gcrosthlos. a. Lcs soatcros ack ihycro ihycross thshs bo bo bogcrosthanñk gcrosthanñk sck sck Duopotu Duopotudo do (86,4?=.02 (86,4?=.02 dh) Bolth (4,607.0> dh) y Duhahihyc (1,0>6.8? dh) bckbo lcs iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk acic aduphborh, ihqunkhrnhs poshbhs (ahrmhbcr, rotrc ahrmhbcr y vclquoto),

quo 

tnokok hlth ahphanbhb bo trhfhjc phrh lh roicanñk bo suolcs. s uolcs. b. Oxnsto uk nkaroioktc nkaroioktc bo lhs lhs thsh bogcrosthan bogcrosthanñk ñk pcr inkoréh h p phrtnr hrtnr bol 6002 dhsth lh hatuhlnbhb hatuhlnbhb (6080)

quo muhrbh ukh rolhanñk rolhanñk ack hphrnanñk hphrnanñk bol iîtcbc bo

oxtrhaanñk ack aduphborhs y oqunpcs sninlhros utnlnzhbc ok lcs últnics sons høcs, yh quo osths tnokok hlth ahphanbhb bo trhfhjc y uk acstc haaosnflo phrh lcs oxtrhatcros bo crc gcrihl o nkgcrihl.

o. Gnkhliokto pcboics hgnrihr quo os pcsnflo botorinkhr y auhktngnahr lcs ahifncs bo acforturh fcsacsh cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh h knvol bo bnstrnthl y soatcrnhl rohlnzhkbc hkèlnsns iultntoipcrhl ack nièmokos shtolnthlos lhkbsht, snk oifhrmc kc so lcmrñ auhktngnahr lcs ahifncs pcsntnvcs ñ mhkhkanhs bo acforturhs fcsacsh pcr romokorhanñk khturhl, bhbc quo kc guorck pcsnflos auhktngnahr ack ol iîtcbc bo nktorprothanñk vnsuhl oiplohbc ok ol prosokto ostubnc. Ok auhktc h lh haolorhanñk bo bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh pcr lh hatnvnbhb inkorh, os mokorhbh ok su osokanh pcr ol iîtcbc aduphborhs quo acksnsto ok suaanñk bo ihtornhl ack ictcros bo hlth ahphanbhb bo trhfhjc, pcrthflos y oackñinahiokto haaosnflos, dhanokbc quo ol acktrcl pcr phrto bo lhs hutcrnbhbos soh bngnaultcsc, lh inmrhanñk bo porsckhs h osth hatnvnbhb ok lcs últnics høcs, ol hlzh bol proanc bol crc, lh bnspcknfnlnbhb hl ihtornhl hurégorc y haaosnfnlnbhb hl roaursc inkorhl.

 

=? =?  

 

?.6. VOACIOKBHANCKOQ h. Ok auhktc lh botorinkhanñk botorinkhanñk o nnboktngnahan boktngnahanñk ñk bo hatnvnbhbos quo quo cahsnckhk pîrbn pîrbnbhs bhs bo acforturh fcsacsh so roacinokbh utnlnzhr ol iîtcbc dnfrnbc, ol iîtcbc bo nktorprothanñk nktorprothan ñk vnsuhl phrh bogcrosthanñk cahsnckhbh cahsnckhbh pcr inkoréh y ol i iîtcbc îtcbc bnmnthl phrh lcs ahifncs pcsntnvcs ñ mhkhkanhs bo acforturh fcsacsh pcr romokorhanñk khturhl. f. Ack rospoatc h lh bogcrosthanñk pcr inkoréh ok boroadcs ctcrmhbcs ok lh suporgnano, phrh pcstorncros ostubnc bofo ackthrso ack ahthstrc bo probncs hmréaclhs phrh cftokor rosulthbcs iès ackgnhflos. so roacinokbh bhr auiplninoktc hl hauorbc provnc y lh bofnbh gcrihlnzhanñk acrrospckbnokto bo lh hatnvnbhb inkorh ok ackaosnckos scfro ctrcs boroadcs bo usc ok lh suporgnano torrostro. a. Ok auhktc h lcs lcs soatcros inkorcs inkorcs nkgcrihl nkgcrihlos os acic lh zckh zckh bo hicrtn hicrtnmuhinoktc, muhinoktc, bolth, Duhahihyc oktro ctrcs, so roacinokbh lh robuaanñk y/c olninkhanñk bo lhs aduphborhs bo tcbc oxtrhatcr nkgcrihl inmrhkto, ackjukthiokto ack ukh ahiphøh bo prcicanñk bo hatnvnbhbos hltorkhs h lh inkoréh, hsé acic ok lcs soatcros iès prcfhflos h quo so ackvnorthk ok zckh inkorh. i nkorh. b. Ok auhktc hl nkaroioktc nkaroioktc bo lh bogcrosthanñk so roacin roacinokbh okbh mokorhr ioahknsics ioahknsics bo acktrcl phrh ol usc bo lcs ictcros oiplohbcs phrh oxtrhor crc (ahrhkadorh, aduphborh), lninthkbc lninthkbc y/c botorinkhkbc lh ahphanbhb bo trhfhjc (DP) bo hauorbc h lh osahlh bo inkoréh i nkoréh rohlnzhbc rohlnzhbc ok lhs ackaosnñk inkorh. o. Gnkhliokto, lh prcpuosth quo so sumnoro os lh niploiokthanñk bo uk snstoih bo

ickntcroc bo ahifncs bo acforturh cahsnckhbh pcr lhs hatnvnbhbos oxtrhatnvhs rokcvhflos y kc rokcvhflos, hrtnaulhkbc lhs oktnbhbos nkvcluarhbhs ok lh prcicanñk y gnsahlnzhanñk bol hprcvoadhinoktc bo lcs roaurscs khturhlos ack toakclcméhs bo sokscrnhiokto roictc, mokorhkbc ukh fhso bo bhtcs mocmrègnacs y hlghkuiîrnac bol hprcvoadhinoktc bo lcs roaurscs oxtrhatnvcs ok lh romnñk. nkaluyokbc h lh hatnvnbhb inkorh acic ukh bo lhs hatnvnbhbos oackñinahs bo Ihbro bo Bncs. Qo bofo niploiokthr lcs lnkohinoktcs lcmrhr uk hprcvoadhinoktc prcmrosnvc y su bnstrnfuanñk oqunthtnvh bo lcs fokognancs bo osth hatnvnbhb, hl insic tnoipc, prcicanckhr acrrobcros oackñinacs oackñinacs hltorkcs h lh hatnvnbhb inkorh.

 

=7 =7  

 

7. FNFLNCMVHGÉH 8) HLRIHK Bcumlhs M.  Prhatnahl sthtnstnas gcr iobnahl rosohrad. Kow ^cre: Adhpihk hkb Dhll, høc 8>>8. 6) HLWHVOZ, Jcsî Jcsî.. ot hl . “Inkoréh hurégorh ok Ihbro bo Bncs y Ackthinkhanñk ack Ioraurnc’, Nkgcrio prophrhbc pcr ol Nkstntutc bo Nkvostnmhanckos bo lh Hihzckéh

Poruhkh - NNHP y Ol Inknstornc bol Hifnokto. Jcsî Èlvhroz, Wéatcr Qctorc, Hktcknc Frhae Omm, Aîshr H. Npokzh Porhlth, Lnih - Porú, 6088 1) HVHKH, Ihrtnk y ADHKM ADHKM,, Juhk. Juhk.  Ovhluhanñk bo lcs phsnvcs hifnokthlos bo lh inkoréh bol rnc Ihlnkcwsen ok lh rosorvh khanckhl Rhifcphth y su zckh bo hicrtnmuhinoktc, nkgcrio bo acksultcréh prosokthbc pcr5 Ihrték Hrhkh y Juhk Adhkm, Puortc Ihlbckhbc, Julnc 600?. 2) HVHKH, Ihrtnk Ihrtnk.. Niphatc hifnokthl pcr inkoréh ok lhs zckhs bo hicrtnmuhino hicrtnmuhinoktc ktc bo lh rosorvh khanckhl Rhifcphth, Nkgcrio bo acksultcréh. Prophrhbc pcr: Ihrték  Hrhkh  Hrh kh Ahrb Ahrbñ ñ ok ol ihrac bol Mrupc Rîakn Rîaknac ac Khan Khanckhl, ckhl, Puort Puortc c Ihlbckh Ihlbckhbc bc 64 bo Qotnoifro bol 6001. ?) HVHKMC, I.  Alhsngnahanñk Kc Quporvnshbh bo Acforturhs Womothlos Qcfro Nièmokos Bnmnthlos Bo Qokscros Voictcs: "LHKBQHR  ‑  ORI". Osauolh bo Qnstoihs bo lh _knvorsnbhb Khanckhl ‑ Qobo Ioboll Iobollék ék Aclcifnh. 6006. 7) HQACVVH, Aoshr. Bnhmkñstnac Hifnokthl Nktomrhl bo Ihbro bo Bncs: uk okgcquo pokshkbc ok lhs porsckhs, olhfcrhbc pcr Aîshr G. Hsacrrh M. y Èkmolh P. Bèvnlh,  Hmcstc  Hmcs tc bo 6004. =) FHVVOKH FHVVOKH,, W. y WHVMHQ, A. Iotcbclcméh bo Nktorprothanñk y Ihpngnahanñk bo Fcsquos Qoaukbhrncs y Èrohs nktorvoknbhs, utnlnzhkbc nièmokos Lhkbsht, ack gnkos bo Nkvokthrnc bo Guoktos bo Oinsnñk bo Mhsos bo Ogoatc Nkvorkhborc. Nkvorkhborc. Lnih,  Lnih, Poru. 6= p. 6001. 4) AD_WNOAC, AD_WNOAC, Oinlnc. Gukbhioktcs bo Rolobotoaanñk Osphanhl. Cfrh bo mrhk nktorîs pcr su hplnahanñk h lcs phnshjos osphøcl osphøclos. os. Ihbrnb: Vnhlp, 8>>0. >) BNVOAANÑK VOMNCKHL BO INKOVÉH INKOVÉH,, hutcrnbhb romnckhl bo lhs hatnvnbhbos inkorhs, bcauioktc bo trhfhjc.  trhfhjc. 8>>> 80) GHC GHC.. Ahushs y Rokbokanhs bo lh Bogcrosthanñk ok Hiîrnah Lhtnkh.  Crmhknzhanñk bo lhs Khanckos _knbhs phrh lh Hmrnaulturh, Bcauioktc bo Rrhfhjc ?6. Prcmrhih bo Ovhluhanñk bo lcs Voaurscs Gcrosthlos. Bophrthioktc bo Icktos. Vcih, Nthlnh. >8 p.  p. 6008

 

== ==  

 

88) GOKHIHB GOKHIHB.. Nkgcrio Rîaknac scfro lh Prcpuosth phrh ol osthfloaninoktc bo lh Vosorvh Aciukhl Hihrhehorn. Goborhanñk Khtnvh bol Véc Ihbro bo Bncs y  Hgluoktos, Prosokthbc Prosokthbc h lh Bnroaanñk Quf Vomnckhl Vomnckhl Hmrnaulturh Hmrnaulturh Ihbro bo Bncs. 871 pèm. 8>>6 86) GOKHIHB.  GOKHIHB.  Vosoøh dnstñrnah bo GOKHIHB, Nkgcrio bo hatnvnbhb hkuhl, Puortc Ihlbckhbc, høc 6000. 81) MHVAÉH MHVAÉH Gorkhkboz,  Gorkhkboz, ot hl . “Ostubnc bo lh Ovcluanñk Ro ipcrhl bol Qoatcr AoktrcCrnokthl bo lh Auokah bol Qomurh’, Mhraéh Dorkèkboz, O.5 Hllokbo Hlvhroz, G.5

Qcrnhkc Ahrrnllc, Q.5 Gorkèkboz Mhraéh. Ok Vovnsth Nkmoknoréh Anvnl,. _knvorsnbhb Aciplutokso Aciplutok so bo Ihbrnb. Ihbrnb, Ihbrnb, >>-807 pèm. Julnc 8>>>. 82) MHVANH, MHVANH, Hlgrobc. Ihbro bo Bncs y su prcaosc bo cauphanñk duihkh y ackgnmurhanñk bol osphanc romnckhl, Mrupc nktorkhanckhl bo trhfhjc scfro hsuktcs nkbémokhs (N]MNH). 86=-821 pèm. Høc 6001. 8?) NNHP. NNHP. Ostrhtomnh Vomnckhl bo lh Bnvorsnbhb Fnclñmnah bo Ihbro bo Bncs. Prcyoatc “Bnvorsnbhb Fnclñmnah bo lh Hihzckéh Poruhkh’. Nkstntutc bo Nkvostnmhanckos bo lh

 Hihzckéh Poruhkh, Poruhkh, Ihbro bo Bn Bncs. cs. Kcvnoifro 6007. 87) NKON. Aoksc scancoackñinac. scancoackñinac. Nkstntutc khanckhl bo osthbéstnah o nkgcriètnah, bnspcknflo bnspcknfl o ok llh h Pèmnkh ]of: ]of:  www.nkon.mcf.po www.nkon.mcf.po,, 600= 8=) NKVOKH. Nkgcrio Rîaknac. Nkm. Luns Fcahkomrh. Véc Ihlnkcwsen. Bcauioktc bo trhfhjc, 6002. 84) EOVLNKMOV, G.  G.  Nkvostnmhanñk bol acipcrthinoktc. Iîxnac, B.G.: IaMrhw-Dnll.  IaMrhw-Dnll.  8>>=. 8>) LO^ 6=104 6=104,, Vomlhioktc bo lh Loy Gcrosthl y bo Ghukh Qnlvostro, Boarotc Quproic K° 082-6008-HM VOPÚFLNAH BOL POVÚ Inknstornc bo Hmrnaulturh, Høc 6001

 60) ICCVO, Rdcihs. Nkgcrio prolninkhr scfro ol niphatc bo lh inkoréh hurégorh ok lhs pcflhanckos nkbémokhs nkbémokhs bo Ihbro bo Bncs, Porú. 8>4?. 8>4?.   68) ICCVO, Rdcihs. Qntuhanñk bo lcs khtnvcs grokto h lh inkoréh hurégorh ok Ihbro bo Bncs. Ok: Qdupndun, Wcluoik WNNN, K° 64, høc 8>41.  8>41.  66) ICQX_OVH, ICQX_OVH, Aoshr.  Aoshr.  ot hl.  hl.  Ostubnc bnhmkñstnac bo lh hatnvnbhb inkorh hrtoshkhl ok Ihbro bo Bncs, Aoshr Icsquorh, Ihry Luz Adèvoz, Wéatcr Dumc Phadhs y Phclh Icsadollh, høc 600>. 61) ICQX_OVH ICQX_OVH,, Aoshr.  Aoshr.  Gcrihlnzhanñk bo lh inkoréh hrtoshkhl y ok poquoøh osahlh ok hiornah lhtnkh. AccporHaanñk, NNPI/NBVA. Lnih 6007. 62) KHQH KHQH Khtnckhl  Khtnckhl Horckhutnas hkb Qphao Hbinknstrhtnck, Hbinknstrhtnck, crmhknzhanñk bol mcfnorkc bo Osthbcs _knbcs gukbhbh ok 8>?4 ack lh insnñk bo nkvostnmhr, plhkngnahr y bnrnmnr tcbhs lhs hatnvnbhbos horckèutnahs y osphanhlos bol phés. Bnspcknflo ok lh wof5

 

=4 =4  

 

www.khsh.mcv 6?) CKOVK.  CKOVK.  Cgnankh Khanckhl bo Ovhluhanñk bo Voaurscs Khturhlos. CKOVK: cat. 8>== 67) PBA. Plhk PBA. Plhk bo Boshrrcllc Ackaorthbc 600= - 6068 - Mcfnorkc Vomnckhl Ihbro bo Bncs. 6=) POBVOVCQ POBVOVCQ,, Bnomc.  Bnomc.  ot hl. hl.  "Vopcrto boahbhl scfro fhlhkaoc débrnac phrh ol ihéz, somukbh boahbéh, Qoptnoifro 6002",  6002",  Qnstoih Ioschiornahkc bo Hlorth Roiprhkh phrh Qomurnbhb Hlniokthrnh, Bnomc Pobrorcs, Mlcrnh Lcrokh Hmunlhr, Mhfrnol Qokhy, Fcloték Kc. 82, Muhtoihlh, hmcstc 6002. 64) PNKNLLH, PNKNLLH, A. Oloioktcs bo lh tolobotoaanñk. Ihbrnb: Vh-Ih, 8>>?. Cfrh bo ahrèator mokorhl y bo nknanhanñk. 8>>?. 6>) PK_IH. PK_IH. Prcmrhih  Prcmrhih bo Khanckos _knbhs phrh ol Iobnc Hifnokto, PK_IH, (_KOP pcr sus snmlhs ok nkmlîs) Hutcrnbhb iukbnhl bol hifnokto, Guo arohbc ok Ostcaclic - 8>=6. 10) X_NKRHKNLLH X_NKRHKNLLH,, R y  IHM_NØH, IHM_NØH, E. Acksultcréh scfro “Ovhluhanñk prolninkhr bol niphatc scanhl bo lh inkoréh hurégorh hluvnhl ok lhs zckhs bo Duopotudo, Puenrn y Ahfoaorh bo Ihlnkcwsey, bo lh romnñk Ihbro bo Bncs ’. Olhfcrhbc pcr5 Rhiiy Xunkthknllh y Ehtdy Ihmunøh, PrcKhturhlozh y Icvninoktc Ol O l Pczc, hmcstc 6004. 18) VOHROM_N VOHROM_N,, Grhkansac. Ickntcroc Acktnkuc bo lcs Prcaoscs bo Bogcrosthanñk ok lh Hihzckéh Poruhkh. Rrhfhjc prcgosnckhl. Lnih ‑ Porú. 42 p. 8>>7. 16) VOAHFHVVOK. VOAHFHVVOK. ot hl.  hl.  Auhktngnahanñk bo lh Bogcrosthanñk bo Ihbro bo Bncs, uk hkèlnsns grokto hl niphatc bo lh inkoréh, Hscanhanñk phrh lh Nkvostnmhanñk y boshrrcllc nktomrhl - NBOV. Lnih Lnih 6080.  6080.  11) VC_QO VC_QO,, J. ]. ot hl. “Ickntcrnkm vomothtnck systois nk tdo Mroht Plhnks P lhnks wntd OVRQ’. Prca. Rdnrb Ohrtd Voscuraos Roadkclcmy Qhtollnto-8 Qyip., Mcbbhrb Qphao Glnmdt Aoktor, KHQH QP-1?8, Qanokao hkb Roadknahl Nkgcrihtnck Cggnao, KHQH, ]hsdnkmtck, B. A. VC_QO, J. ]. ot hl. DHHQ, hl. DHHQ, V.D., QADOLL, J.H., ^ BOOVNKM, B.]. 8>=2. 12) QOLLOVQ QOLLOVQ,, P. J.  J.  "Ahkcpy rogloathkao, pdctcsyktdosns, hkb trhkspnrhtnck", Nktorkhtnckhl Jcurkhl cg Voicto Qoksnkm , 7, 811?-81=6.  811?-81=6. 8>4? 1?) WOVBNK WOVBNK,, Jhios. "Ékbnao Jhios. "Ékbnao Bngorokanhl bo Womothanñk Kcrihlnzhbc (KBWN)",  (KBWN)",  GO]Q Vob bo Hlorth Roiprhkh Acktrh lh Nksomurnbhb Hlniokthrnh, Aoktrchiîrnah, Aoktrchiîrnah , _QMQ/OVCQ Bhth Aoktor, Worbnk Worbnk↘ Jhios, Bnomc Pobrorcs, Mhry Onlorts Onlorts.. 6001. 17) ZOO. ZOO.   “Zckngnahanñk Oackñinah Oaclñmnah bol b ophrthioktc bo Ihbro bo Bncs ’ Mcfnorkc Vomnckhl bo Ihbro bo Bncs, Nkgcrios bo Womothanñk, Dnbrclcméh, Quolcs, Alnih gcrosthl y scanc oackciéh. Høc 600>.

 

=> =>  

 

HKOTCQ Hkoxc 08: Volhanñk 08: Volhanñk y ahrhatoréstnahs bo nièmokos bo shtîlnto utnlnzhbhs Hkoxc 06: 06: Gnadh bo romnstrc bo puktcs bo vorngnahanñk Hkoxc 01: Phkol 01: Phkol gctcmrègnac bo lcs puktcs bo vorngnahanñk Hkoxc 02: Muéh 02: Muéh bo oktrovnsths bnrnmnbhs bnrnmnbhs h pcflhbcros Hkoxc 0?: Ihph 0?: Ihph bo bnstrnfuanñk bnstrnfuanñk bo lcs puktcs bo vorngnahanñk

 

40 40  

 

HKOTC 08 Volhanñk y ahrhatoréstnahs bo nièmokos bo shtîlnto utnlnzhbhs phrh olhfcrhr ol ihph bo bogcrosthanñk Kº Qokscr

Phtd- Goadh

Voscluanñk

Voscluanñk

Voscluanñk

Vcw

Osphanhl (i)

ospoatrhl

rhbnciîtrnah

Bnspcknflo

8

Lhkbsht IQQ

6-7> 86/80/8>=7 86/ 80/8>=7 Péxol 40x40 i

2 fhkbhs

0-6??

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6

Lhkbsht IQQ

6-7>

86/0>/8>400 Péxol 40x40 i 86/0>/8>4

2 fhkbhs

0-6??

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1

Lhkbsht RI

1-7>

87/04/8>4== Péxol 10x10 i 87/04/8>4

= fhkbhs

0-6??

dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV

2

Lhkbsht RI

1-7>

81/07/8>>11 Péxol 10x10 i 81/07/8>>

= fhkbhs

0-6??

dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV

?

Lhkbsht ORI

1-7>

61/0?/60000 Péxol 8?x8? i 61/0?/600

4 fhkbhs

0-6??

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7

Lhkbsht RI

1-7>

82/04/60022 Péxol 10x10 i 82/04/600

= fhkbhs

0-6??

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=

Lhkbsht RI

1-7>

87/0?/60077 Péxol 10x10 i 87/0?/600

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0-6??

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4

Lhkbsht RI

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6?/04/60044 Péxol 10x10 i 6?/04/600

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>

Lhkbsht RI

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64/04/600>> Péxol 10x10 i 64/04/600

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80 Lhkbsht RI

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86/07/60800 Péxol 10x10 i 86/07/608

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88 Lhkbsht RI

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87/0>/60800 Péxol 10x10 i 87/0>/608

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86 Lhkbsht RI

1-7>

01/88/60800 Péxol 10x10 i 01/88/608

= fhkbhs

0-6??

dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV

Ahrhatoréstnahs bo nihmok MocAcvor utnlnzhbc phrh acrroaanñk mocmrègnah bo lhs nièmokos lhkbsht Acipcsnanñk bo fhkbhs Qhtîlnto

A. 6000

VIQs (i)

Qokscr

Lhkbsht RI+

Wnsnflo (i)

Rorihl (i)

Phk (i)

Mrhbc bo orrcr

64.?, ?0

?=

82.6?

?0

Bosarnpanñk.-  Lh nihmok MocAcvor bol høc 6000 utnlnzhbc phrh lh mocrogorokanhanñk, os ukh nihmok

crtcroatngnahbc,, utnlnzhbcs phrh mocrogorokanhr bo nihmok h nihmok, ostè ok gcrihtc MocRNGG, ack prcyoaanñk crtcroatngnahbc _RI, ushkbc ol bhtui ]MQ-42, prcaoshbc ok lh KHQH, nièmokos bnspcknflos ok lh wof5 www.mocacvor.aci.  www.mocacvor.aci.  

Nihmok bo Qhtîlnto utnlnzhbc phrh rohlnzhr lh vhlnbhanñk bo lh nktorprothanñk bol Kº Nihmok

08 Lhkbsht RI

Phtd- Goadh

  ihph bo bogcrosthanñk Voscluanñk Voscluanñk Voscluanñk

Vcw

Osphanhl (i)

1-7>

01/88/6080 01/88/ 6080 Péxol 10x10 i

ospoatrhl

Bnspcknflo

rhbnciîtrnah

= fhkbhs

0-6??

dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV

Nihmokos bo Qhtîlnto bo hlth roscluanñk (DVA-Dnmd Vosclutnck Ahiorh) Aèihrh Phkarciètnah bo Hlth Voscluanñk. _shbhs phrh lh vorngnahanñk Kº

08 06 01 02 0? 07

Nihmok / goadh / Phtd-Vcw

AFOVQS6FSDVAS60040>61S848SOS882S? AFOVQS6FSDVAS600>028>S848SHS882S? AFOVQS6FSDVAS600=8068S848SAS882S2 AFOVQS6FSDVAS600=8068S848SAS882S? AFOVQS6FSDVAS60040464S848SBS882S2 AFOVQS6FSDVAS60040>61S848SOS882S2

Voscluanñk

Voscluanñk

Osphanhl (i)

ospoatrhl

Péxol 6.=x6.= i

8 fhkbh phkarciètnah

Bnspcknflo

dttp://www.bmn.nkpo.fr/ABQV

 

 

HKOTC 06: Vomnstrc bo puktcs bo vorngnahanñk Nb

GOADH

ACBNMC BO GCRC

ACBNMC OK IHPH

OQRO

KCVRO

HANOVRCQ

ACBNMC OK AHIPC

8 6 1 2

6088.06.6= 6088.06.6= 600>.88.61 600>.88.61

G008 G006 G001 G002

_ _ F BI

1?60?7 1?8>00 1?>772 1?4180

4??680? 4??82?8 4??84?> 4??1684

QN QN QN QN

_ _ F BI

IHZ_AC IHZ_AC A_IFVO ZCKH BOGCVOQRHBC

? 7 = 4 > 80 88 86 81 82 8? 87 8= 84 8> 60 68

6088.06.6= 6088.06.6= 6088.06.6= 6088.06.6= 6088.06.6= 6088.06.6= 6088.06.6= 600>.88.61 6088.06.6= 6088.06.6 = 600>.88.61 600>.0?.66 600>.0?.66 600>.0?.66 600>.0?.6 6 600>.0?.66 600>.0?.6 6 600>.0?.66 6080.06.61 6080.06.61 6080.06.6 1

G00? G007 G00= G004 G00> G080 G088 G086 G081 G082 G08? G087 G08= G084 G08> G060 G068

BH BI BI F BI V F F BI V V V BI BI F BH BI

1728=0 172744 17?6=> 17?>6= 17?6>7 172?67 17764> 178>82 1?10?6 17?214 140?02 1==>?8 140880 14822? 140812 12>>82 1?0268

4??0=>6 4??048= 4??821? 4?2>487 4??0?08 4??080> 4?2>?7= 4??867= 4??2740 4?2>84> 4??>=2> 4??=784 4?712=> 4?7672= 4?787=4 4??8>21 4??>6=7

QN QN QN KC QN QN QN QN QN QN QN QN QN QN QN QN QN

BH BI BI BI BI V F F BI V V V BI BI F BH BI

ACI_KNBHB KHRNWH ECRQNIFH AHIPHIOKRC INKOVC AD_RO OK LNRNMNC IHX_NKHVNH RVHFHJHKBC HVOH BOGCVOQRHBC PCV INKOVNH VNC IHLNKCQX_N FCQX_O PVNIHVNC, LNINRO BO ACKAOQNCK X_OFVHBH WOKHBC P_OKRO BCQ BO IH^C VNC MHCKH, LNINRO ACKAOQNÑK INKOVC OKRVHBH ACLLPH HARNWNBHB INKOVH, AD_PHBOVH HARNWNBHB INKOVH, AHVHKADOVHQ PHAHL PHQRNZHL HARNWNBHB INKOVH

66 61 62 6? 67 6= 64 6> 10 18 16 11 12 1? 17 1= 14

6080.06.61 6080.06.6 11 6080.06.61 6080.06.6 6080.06.61 6080.06.6 1 6080.06.8> 6080.06.8> 6080.06.8> 600>.04.68 600>.04.6? 600>.04.68 600>.04.67 600>.04.6? 600>.04.6= 600>.07.67 600>.04.60 600>.04.84 600>.04.6= 6080.80.06

G066 G061 G062 G06? G067 G06= G064 G06> G010 G018 G016 G011 G012 G01? G017 G01= G014

BI BI BH BH BH BH F F F BH BH BH BH F F BH _

12>2?0 12>?88 12 12>4?? >4?? 1?2876 14=1?= 1=6>77 20008> 1>2>=1 206=>4 1=8001 148161 147608 171>07 28427> 280210 142=22 111271

4??>628 4?706?? 4??7>=0 4?787=2 4?=76=0 4?=6628 4?=0277 4?=614= 4?=?2?> 4?=2?71 4?=22?7 4?46>?4 4?7>=08 4?=226= 4?=1>=4 4?=20?> 4?762>4

QN QN KC QN QN QN QN QN QN QN QN KC QN QN QN KC QN

BI BI BI BH BH BH F F F BH BH F BH F F F _

1> 20 28 26 21 22 2? 27 2= 24 2> ?0 ?8 ?6 ?1 ?2 ??

6080.80.01 6080.80.0 1 6080.80.01 6080.80.01 6080.80.01 6080.80.01 6080.80.0 1 6080.80.01 6080.80.0 1 6080.80.01 6080.80.0 1 6080.80.01 6080.80.0 1 6080.80.01 6080.80.0 1 6080.80.01 6080.80.0 1 6080.80.06 600>.0=.68 6080.80.02 6080.80.01 600>.0=.68 6088.01.84 6088.01.8 4 6088.01.84 6088.01.8 4

G01> G020 G028 G026 G021 G022 G02? G027 G02= G024 G02> G0?0 G0?8 G0?6 G0?1 G0?2 G0??

BI BH BI V V V BI BI BI BI _ F F BH F BI BI

114644 120=66 167=>7 167=>7 16=7?= 16>100 16?>>? 16?606 162278 16?=27 1186?4 112670 110687 164068 1170?? 16>>84 1>21>= 144=87

4?76486 4?78?17 4?=0710 4?72108 4?71441 4?7>081 4?748?1 4?7=>64 4?7?7=7 4?7101= 4?760?2 4?=1?61 4?=8044 4?71?07 4?=181= 4?=477= 4?=?217

KC QN QN QN KC KC QN QN QN QN QN QN QN QN QN QN QN

BH BH BH V BI BI BI BI BI BI _ F BH BH F BI BI

HARNWNHBHB INKOVH HARNWNHBHB INKOVH BOGCVOQRHBC PCV INKOVNH HVHZHNVO OKRVHBH H QHVH^HA_ VNC JH^HWO ^ AHVVOROVH NKROVCAOHKNAH ICKRO HLRC ICKRO HLRC ICKRO HLRC A_LRNWCQ PHAHL ACK AOAVCPNHQ ICKRO HLRC PHQRNZHL ICKRO HLRC ICKRO HLRC ICKRO HLRC, FHMNC _VFHKC INVHBCV H HVOH BOMVHBHBC PHQRNZHL, MHKHBOVNH DNRC ACKAOQNCK INKOVH VNC D_OPOD_O AOVAH - ADCX_O ZCKHQ BOGCVOQRHBCQ IHX_NKHVNHQ RVHFHJHKBC HARNWNHBHB INKOVH VOQNOKRO HARNWNHBHB INKOVH HKRNM_H HARNWNHBHB INKOVH HKRNM_H HARNWNHBHB INKOVH VOQNOKRO _VFHKC PHAHL ^ AOAVCPNHQ OQA_OLH FHVVHKAC ADNAC OKRVHBH H HVACNVNQ NKNANC BO ICKRO HLRC LHIHL OKRVHBH H ZCKH INKOVH

VOGOVOKANH

 

 

HKOTC 01 01:  P Phkol  ggctcmr ègnac  b bo llcs  p puktcs  b bo v vhlnbhanñk ((phr to  8 8) 

G008,  A Alhso _ _,  A Aoktr c  p pcflhbc  I Ihzuac  ‑  Alhso _ _,  A Aoktr c  p pcflhbc  I Ihzuac  ‑  6=/06/6088   6=/06/6088  G006,  A  ‑  6  ‑   6

G001,  A Alhso F F,  LLh  a auifr o   ‑   61/88/600>    ‑  6 61/88/600> 

G001,  A Alhso B BI,  B Bogcr osthanñk E Ectsnifh   ‑   ‑  

G00?,  A Alhso B BH,  E Ectsnifh  --  6 6=/06/6088   6=/06/6088 

G007,  A Alhso B BI,  B Bogcr osthanñk E Ectsnifh  -- 

G00=,  A Alhso B BI,  A Aduto o ok  r  r nc  I Ihlnkcsqun-6=/06/6088   G004,  A Alhso B BI,  I Ihqunkhr nh  ttr hfh jh  jhkbc -- 6 6=/06/6088 

 

 

HKOTC 01 01:  P Phkol  ggctcmr ègnac  b bo llcs  p puktcs  b bo v vhlnbhanñk ((phr to  6 6) 

G00>,  A Alhso B BI,  È Èr oh  b bogcr osthbc --  6 6=/06/6088  

G080,  A Alhso V V,  V Vé c  I Ihlnkcsqun  --  6 6=/06/6088 

G088,  A Alhso F F,  F Fcsquo p pr nihr nc  -- 6 6=/06/6088  

G086,  A Alhso F F,  X Xuofr hbh.  W Wokhbc  --  6 6=/06/6088 

G081,  A Alhso B BI,  P Puokto  B Bcs b bo  I Ihyc -- 6 6=/06/6088  

G082,  A Alhso V V,  V Vnc  M Mhckh   ‑   61/88/600>   ‑  6

G08?,  A Alhso V V,  V Vnc  I Ihlnkcsqun   ‑  66/0?/600>    ‑   6

G087,  A Alhso V V,  C Cr nllhr os  I Ihlnkcsqun   ‑  66/0?/600>   ‑   6

 

 

HKOTC 01 01:  P Phkol  ggctcmr ègnac  b bo llcs  p puktcs  b bo v vhlnbhanñk ((phr to  1 1) 

G08=,  A Alhso B BI,  B Bogcr osthanñk I Ihkuhkn   ‑  66/0?/600>   G084,  A Alhso B BI,  B Bogcr osthanñk  I Ihkuhkn   ‑   66/0?/600>   ‑   6  ‑  6

G08>,  A Alhso F F,  F Fcquo a ack  p phah   ‑   66/0?/600>    ‑  6

G060,  A Alhso B BH,  P Phstnzhl  a ack  m mhkhbor é éh     ‑   61/06/6080   ‑  6

G068,  A Alhso B BI,  B Bogcr osthanñk A AK H Hhr hzhor n  --61/06/6080  

G061,  A Alhso B BI,  H Hatnvnbhb i inkor h   ‑   ‑  6  61/06/6080 

G066,  A Alhso B BI,  B Bogcr osthanñk -- 6 61/06/6080 

G062,  A Alhso B BI,  B Bogcr osthanñk  V Vé c  NNkhifhr n  1 1/06/6080 

 

 

Hkoxc 01 01:  Phkol ggctcmr ègnac  b bo llcs p puktcs  b bo v vhlnbhanñk ((phr to  2 2)  

G06?,  A Alhso B BH,  A A.K.  H Hr hzhor n   ‑  8>-06/6080    ‑   8

G06=,  A Alhso B BH,  A Aultnvcs  r  r é éc Jhyhvo  ‑   8>/06/6080      J  ‑  8

G067,  A Alhso B BH,  O Oktr hbh  h h  Q Qhr hyhau   ‑  8>/06/6080   ‑   8

G064,  A Alhso F F,  I Ickto h hltc   ‑   68/04/600>   ‑  6

G06>,  A Alhso F F,  F Fcsquo p pr nihr nc   ‑   6?/04/600>    ‑  6

G010,  A Alhso F F,  F Fcsquo p pr nihr nc  -- 6 68/04/600> 

G018,  A Alhso B BH,  A Aultnvcs  b bo p plèthkc   ‑   67/04/600>    ‑  6

G016,  A Alhso B BH,  V Vomokor hanñk  b bo  p phahlos 6 6?/04/600>  

 

 

Hkoxc 01 01:  Phkol ggctcmr ègnac  b bo llcs p puktcs  b bo v vhlnbhanñk ((phr to  ? ?)  

G011,  A Alhso F F,  I Ickto h hltc   ‑  6=/04/600>    ‑   6

G012,  A Alhso B BH,  P Phstcs  y y  h hr fustcs   ‑   67/04/600>   ‑  6

G01?,  A Alhso F F,  I Ickto h hltc   ‑  60/04/600>    ‑   6

G017,  A Alhso F F,  I Ickto h hltc   ‑   84/04/600>   ‑  8

G01=,  A Alhso F F,  I Ickto h hltc  f fhmnc  ‑   6=/04/600>    ‑  6

G014,  A Alhso _ _,  P Pcflhbc b bo  D Duopotudo   ‑   06/80/6080   ‑  0

G01>,  A Alhso B BH,  M Mhkhbor é éh  01/80/6080       ‑   ‑  0

G020,  A Alhso B BH,  P Phstcs  b bo m mhkhbor é éh 01/80/6080      ‑   ‑   0

 

 

Hkoxc 01 01:  Phkol ggctcmr ègnac  b bo  llcs p puktcs  b bo v vhlnbhanñk ((phr to  7 7)  

G028,  A Alhso B BH,  C Cr nllhr os  b bol  V Vé c P Puqunr n   ‑  01/80/6080   G026,  A Alhso V V,  V Vnc  P Puqunr n  --01/80/6080   ‑   0

G021,  A Alhso B BI,  P Plhyhs  r  r é éc Puqunr n   ‑  01/80/6080     P  ‑   0

G022,  A Alhso B BI,  H Hatnvnbhb F Fhr r rh Adnac 0 01/80/6080    kac A

G02?,  A Alhso B BI,  H Hatnvnbhb i inkor h  r  r oanokto  0 01/80/6080  GG027,  A Alhso B BI,  H Hatnvnbhb i inkor h  h hktnmuh  0 01/80/6080 

G02=,  A Alhso B BI,  H Hatnvnbhb i inkor h   ‑   01/80/6080    ‑  0 01/80/6080 

G024,  A Alhso B BI,  I Inkor é éh ok  r  r é éc Puqunr n   ‑     o    P  ‑  

 

 

Hkoxc 01 01:  Phkol ggctcmr ègnac  b bo llcs p puktcs  b bo v vhlnbhanñk ((phr to  = =)  

G02>,  A Alhso _ _,  P Pcflhbc b bo  D Duopotudo   ‑  06/80/6080    ‑   0

G0?0,  A Alhso F F,  F Fcsquo a ack  p phah  --  6 68/0=/600> 

G0?8,  A Alhso B BH,  O Osaulh  b bo F Fhr r rh Adnac   ‑    kac  A  02/80/6080    ‑  0 01/80/6080 

G0?6,  A Alhso B BH,  O Oktr hbh  h hl  ssoatcr  H  Hr acnr ns   ‑   ‑  

G0?1,  A Alhso F F,  I Ickto h hltc   ‑  68/0=/600>    ‑   6 84/01/6088 

G0?2,  A Alhso B BI,  A Aoktr c i inkor c LLhihl   ‑   ‑  

 

 

HKOTC  0 02:  

M_É H  B BO  O OKRVOWNQRHQ  B BNVNMNBHQ  H H P PCFLHBCVOQ  B BO LLH ZZCKH 

8)  Prosokthanñk bo lh nkvostnmhanñk y prcpñsntc …………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………...............

 

6)  Rnoipc bo hatnvnbhb inkorh y inmrhanñk h kuovcs iîtcbcs bo oxtrhaanñk ………………………………………………… …………………………………... ..

..........

1)  Iîtcbc bo oxtrhaanñk utnlnzhbc ok ol soatcr h) Inkoréh Hrtoshkhl tclvh…………………………………………………………………. …………………………….    Ahrrotnllh y tclvh……………………………………   Hrrhstro……………………………………………………………………………..     Ahrhkadorh (fcifh bo suaanñk)………………….…………..……………    Aduphborh (ickntcr y fcifh bo suaanñk)………………………………. suaanñk)……………………………….    Rrhah……………………………………………………………………………….   

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f) Inkoréh soin ioahknzhbh   Qduto ack ahrmhbcr grckthl……………………… .……….… .………………  cifh+fuzc)……………………………….…………. ……….    Brhmh bo Quaanñk 7" cifh+fuzc)……………………………….… fuzc)……………………………….……….… …    Inknbrhmh (fcifh vokturn + fuzc)……………………………….………. (fcifh+lhkzh)………………………………………. …………….    Brhmh bo Quaanñk 4" (fcifh+lhkzh)………………………… 

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a) Ctrcs…………………………………………………………………………………….  

2)  Ahktnbhb bo ihqunkhs quo lhfcrhk ok ol soatcr ………………………………………………… …………………………………... ..

...........

?)  Ctrcs bhtcs h romnstrhr Goadh……/…../………. /Qoatcr: ……………….…………….. ……………….……………..  Vomnstrc K° ……… Goadh……/…../……….

Accrbokhbhs _RI: T……..………… ^…………….…… Gctc NB………..……..  Kcifro bol Oktrovnsthbc Oktrovnsthbc…………………………… ……………………………………………….… ………………….… Obhb……..