Análisis de Trabajo Y Descripción de Puestos Por Competencias.

 

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CNFHGSH= JIS[ AH[JÖIHGHV POV_XH] 50-?5- ;5;5

 

Chsfrdpfdög

ch

pu puhs hstn tns= s= Fngs Fngsdst dsthh hg

Uhr`dl ch Forin, Fnjphthgfdos Säfgdfos= @ugfdnghs Loknrolhs trokomn V Vh ch chkh kh thgh thghrr hg fuhgto quh hg ugo chsfrdpfdög ch fori forin n hl `nrj `nrjot otn n quh sh u uld ldzo zorï rï chkhh prhshr chk prhshrvor vor lo jdsjo jdsjo hst hstruf ruftur turoo chgtrn ch lo hj hjpr prhs hsoo po poro ro os osê ê  lniror lo fnjporokdld fnjpo rokdldcoc coc ch lns cotns2 sdhgcn hl ogïldsds ch puhstn lo prdgfd prdgfdpol pol torho torho ch rhfursns rhfur sns aujogns, aujogns, cngch hsto ïrho sh fngsdchrog fngs dchrog ch vdtol dj djpn pnrt rtog ogfd fdoo po poro ro los chsfrdpfdnghs ch puhstn puh stns, s, cng cngch ch ol diu diuol ol los `ugfdn `ugfdnghs ghs loknrolhs sng dgcdsphgsoklhs chgtrn ch tnco nriogdzofdög, sdhg sdhgcn cn hl snpn snpnrt rthh poro lniro ug öpjn öp jn chsorr chsorrnll nlloo ch lns lns nkmh nkmhv vns ns plogthocns.

hgujhror hgujhr or los tor torhos hos,, chkhrhs, y rhspng rhspngsok sokdldc dldcoch ochss ch ug npuhstn quh lh vog o cd`hrh cd`hrhgfd gfdor or ch ntr ntrn n ch chgt gtrn rn ch lo jd jdsj sjoo hjprhso Ogïldsds ch Uuhstn=   Hl ogïldsds

ch puhstn hs chgdcn fnjn hl prnfhc prnfhcdjdh djdhgtn gtn jhc jhcdogt dogthh hl fuol sh chthrjdgog lns chkhrhs y rhsp rhspng ngso sokd kdldldco coch chss ch lo loss pn pnssdf dfdn dngh ghss y ln lnss pns pns ch ph phrrsngo sngoss qu quhh chk hkhg hg shr fngtrotocos poro nfuporlos2 sh u uld ldzzog fuo uotr trn n ïr ïrho hoss ch rhqudsdtns, lo dg`nrjofdög chkh shr nkmhvo y vhrdfoklh. Jätncns

Ch

Ogïldsds=

Nkshrvofdög cdrhfto, fuhsngordn, hgtrhvdsto(dgcdvdcuolhs), fnlhfvos, hgtrhvdstos fng ugn n jïs suphrvdsnrhs) jätncns jdxtns Htopos Hg Hl Ogïldsds Ch Uuhstn= Htopo ch

ploghofdög, htopo ch prhporofdög, htopo ch hmhfufdög. Ogïldsds Ihghrol Ch ugo chsfrdpfdög Ch Uuhstn= Sdtuln chl puhstn, Dchgfofdög chl puhstn, chkhrhs chl puhstn, hsphfdfofdög chl puhstn

Lo chsfrdpfdög, hstucdn chl puhstn chkh cdshÿorsh komn fuotrns osphftns= Pordhcoc=  rhsd rhsdch ch hg hl fn fngm gmug ugtn tn ch

offdnghs ch n hg hl usn ch lns hqudpns y prnfhc prnfhcdjd djdhgt hgtns ns quh hl forin forin hxdi hxdihh ol nfupog nfupogth. th. Outngnjêo=  Vh rhhrh o lo joynrr ldk joyn ldkhrt hrtoc oc quh hl nfupog nfupogth th hg hghh poro fnnrcdgor y prnirojor su trokomn. Dchg`fof Dchg `fofdög dög fng lo torho= Vh rhhrh o lo pnsdkdldcoc ch quh hl hjplhocn aoio ug trokomn ch `nrjo ilnkol, poro pnchr dchgfor fng flordcoc lns rhsultocns ch su hs hs`u `uhr hrzn zn.. [htrnoldjhgtofdög=  Vh rhhrh o lo dg`nrjofdög quh rhfdkh hl hjplho hjp lhocn cn fuogcn fuogcn hst hstoo trokom trokomogc ogcn, n, lo fuol lh dgcdfo föjn hstï rholdzogcn su torho osdigoco.

Uo Uosn snss hg hl og ogïl ïlds dsds ds ch puhs puhstn tns= s= Vh hjpdhzo pnr dchgfor hl usn quh sh lh corï o lo dg`nrjofdög, chthrjdgogcn hl pn ch cotns quh sh rhýgog y lo täfgdfo qu quhh sh uld uldfh fh poro poro ao aofh fhrl rln= n= rh rhug ugdr dr dg`nrjo dg`n rjofdö fdög g snk snkrh rh lns ogt ogthfh hfhchg chgths ths,, shlhffdngor los pnsdfdnghs rhprhshgtovos poro ogoldzorlos, ogoldzorlos, rhugdr dg`nrjofd dg`nrjofdög ög chl ogïldsds chl puhstn, rhvdsor lo dg`nrjofdög fng lns por porfd fdpog pogths ths,, chs chsorr orrnllo nllorr ugo chsfrdpfdög y hsphfdfofdög chl puhstn.

Hl cdshÿn cdshÿn ch puh puhstn stn surih chspuä chspuäss chl ogïlds ogïldsds ds chl puhstn sh nfupo ch hstrufturor lo sos`offdög ch sus hjplhocns hg hl trokomn, ochjïs chkh `ofdldtor hl lnirn ch lns nkmhvns ch lo nriogdzofdög y hl chshjphÿn chl trokomn poro lo phrsngo o lo fuol sh lh hstoklhfh hl puhstn.

Fnjphthgfdos Säfgdfos= Säfgdfos= Los fnjphth fnjphthgfdos gfdos täfgdfos sng los aokdldcochs hsphfd`fos djpldfocos fng hl fnrrhftn ugfdög chshjphÿn ch ug puhstn ch ug ïrho täfgdfo n ch ugo ugfdög hsphfê`fo, chsfrdkdhgcn los aokdldcochs ch puhsto hg prïffo ch fngnfdjdhgtns täfgdfns y hsphfê`fns.

h s ugo for foroft ofthrê hrêsf sfoo dgcdsp dgcdsphgs hgsokl oklhh chg chgtrn trn ch tnco nriogdzofdög, nriogdzofdög, sdhgcn ug fngmu fngmugtn gtn ch torhoss y ofvdc torho ofvdcochs ochs y rhspn rhspngsokdl gsokdldcochs dcochs quh sh chkhg llhvor o fokn chgtrn ch los

@ugf @ugfdn dngh ghss

Lokn Loknro rolh lhs= s=

cdsgtos pnsdfdnghs n puhstns loknrolhs. Srokom Srokomn n Hg Hqu Hqudpn dpn==  Hs lo fo fopo pofd fdco coc c po poro ro tr trok okom omor or h

[hq [hquds udsdtn dtnss

dgthrrhlofdngor dgthrrhlof dngorsh sh ofvojhgt ofvojhgthh hg lo fngshfufdö fngshfufdög g ch ugo jhto hg fnjýg, oug fuogcn lo fnloknrofdög fngcuzfo o ugo jhto quh gns hstï cdrhftojhgth rhlofdngoco fng hl dgthräs prnpdn2 fnjn dgcdfocnr lo fnahsdög ch hqudpn, `ofdldtor hl lnirn lnirn ch lns nkm nkmhv hvns, ns, ol diu diuol ol quh lo rhs rhspng pngso sokdl kdldco dcoc c dgcdvdcuol h djpnrtogth yo quh hs lo fopofdcoc poro fujpldr fnjprnjdsns fngtroêcns ch `nrjo fngsfdhgth, sdsthjïfo sdsthjïfo y

dgth dgthlh lhft ftuo uolh lhss (Hcu (H cufo fofd fdög ög,, hxph hxphrd rdhg hgfd fdo, o, optuchs), rhqudsdtns sdfns (hs`uhrzn sdfn), rhspngsok rhsp ngsokdldco dldcochs chs djplêfdtos djplêfdtos(potr (potrdjngd djngdn), n), fngcdfdnghs ch trokomn (ojkdhgth, shiurdcoc)

fïldco, ol diuol quh hl cdgojdsjn cngch su dgcdfor hs lo prhcdspns prhcd spnsdfdög dfdög poro trokomor trokomor fng ropdchz ropdchz y prhfdsdög2 prhfdsdög2 lo phrshvhrogfdo sdhgcn lo rjhzo y fngstogfdo hg lo hmhfufdög ch lns nkmhvns y jhtos, ogths ocvhrsos sdtuofdnghs.

Hsp Hsphfd hfdfo fofdng fdnghs hs

chl

puh puhstn stn==

 

 m

 

Forin= Ouxdldor Ch Oshn

Srokomocnr Joguol (Hsfuhlo Vogto Jorto) Jo rto)

Fnjphthgfdo

Chsfrdpfdög

Oftuc Hsphfê`fo

Fujpldr fng los gnrjos ch oshn chl plogthl

Fujpldr Gnrjos Ch Vhiurdcoc (Vhiýg

Ulogthl)

Dgdfdovo, [hspngsokdldcoc, Äfo.

Fopofdcoc poro rhfngnfhr hl oltn volnr chl osho chgtrn y `uhro chl plogthl.

-

[np [npoo ch trokom trokomn n rh rhugd ugdco co y u usoc socoo of ofnrc nrchh o lloo lok loknr. nr. Urhs Urhshg hgto tofd fdög ög ph phrs rsng ngol ol c chh osh oshn. n. [hspht [hsphtor or los ph phrth rthghg ghgfdo fdoss o fuyn dgi dgirhs rhsn n hstä rh rhstr strdgi dgidcn. dcn. Los fn fngcu gcufto ftoss ch adi adidhg dhghh snld snldfdt fdtoco ocoss sng rrhsp hsphto htocos cos.. Fnjugd Fnjugdfor for lo hxdsth hxdsthgfdo gfdo ch hg`hrj hg`hrjhcochs hcochs dg`hft dg`hftnfngt nfngtoidnso oidnsos. s.

-

Jorf Jorfor or hhgt gtro roco co,, ol olju juhr hrzn zn y ssold oldco co.. Oft Oftuor uor och ochfuo fuocoj cojhgt hgthh hg fosn fosn ch hjhr hjhrihg ihgfdo fdo.. Jogt Jogthg hghr hr lo ffng ngcu cuft ftoo oprn oprnpd pdoc ocoo hg tnco lo mnrgoco. [htrno [htrnoldjh ldjhgto gtofdö fdög g hg thj thjos os ch ad adidh idhgh gh hs ot othgc hgcdco dco ao aofdo fdo hhll mh`h dgjhcdotn. Lo fdr fdrful fulofd ofdög ög pnr lo loss ïrhos ïrhos ch chjor jorfoc focos, os, ssng ng sh shiud iudcos cos y rhsphtocos. Lo jo jogdpulof gdpulofdög dög c chh lns hlhjhgt hlhjhgtns ns c chh trokomn, trokomn, sng uldzo uldzocns cns fng shiurdcoc y prhfoufdög.

-

 

FNJUHSHGFDO FNGCXFSXOL GNJK[H CH LO FNJUHSHGFDO N[DHGSOFDÖG OL OXSNFXDCOCN T

DGCDFOCN[HV

-

N[CHG

Urhporo lo mnrgoco. [h [hvd vdso so dg dgsu sujn jnss y

GDPHLHV CH FNGCXFSO

-

jothrdolhs. -

-

Osdsth o rh rhu ugdnghs h dgcuffdög ch fopofdtofdög y gnrjos ch adidhgh. Dg`nrjo npnrtugo y rhspngsokl rhspn gsoklhjhgth hjhgth o su suphrdnr ch

-

hl

-

Vuphro hl nkmhvn plogthocn.

plogthocn hg lo nrdhgtofdög chl outnfudcocn.

-

Vh ochlogto hg su outnfudcocn.

-

Vdhjprh sh lh vh juy ldjpdn y nrchgocn.

-

Los ïrhos quh chjogcog chjogc og ldjpdhz ldjpdhzoo sdhjprh krdllog.

Olfogzo nkmhvn

Hs n nrrchgocn y jog joghg hghh los ïrhos ldjpdos.

 

sdtuofdnghs fujpldjdhgtn. -

FNGNFDJDHGSNV UO[O [HOLD]O[ LO FNJUHSHGFDO FNGNFDJDHGSNV SÄFGDFNV GHFHVO[DNV UO[O FXJULD[ LO FNJUHSHGFDO

Xldzo

ch

-

Hvdto lns loknrolhs.

n

-

Lo äfo hs hs su su j jooyn ynrr

rnpo

vdrtuc.

ugd`nrjh fnjplhtn. Vnldfdto hqudpoj hqu dpojdhg dhgtn tn por poroo dgirhsor o ïrhos omhgos.

-

Vh prhnfupo cdordojhgth chl oshn phrsngol.

-

Fdrf Fdrful uloo y ttro rogs gsdt dtoo p pnr nr ïr ïrho hoss ch chjo jorf rfoc ocos os poro su ldjpdhzo.

-

Hvdto rdhsins hg su ïrho loknrol.

-

Unshh prn`hsdngol.

rdhsins

äfo Vh dgsfrdkh hg furs fursns ns ch frhfd frhfdjdhgtn jdhgtn phrsn phrsngol gol y loknrol.

-

Vo Vokh khrr lhhr lhhr y hsfr hsfrdk dkdr dr..

-

Xsn ffn nrrhft hftn c hl hlln lnss Sdhgh fngnfdjdhgtns täfgdf dfns ns po poro ro su prncuftns ch adidhgh täfg loknr. y chsdg`hffdög.

-

Fngnfh shÿolhs.

ovdsns

-

Joghgh cdordojhgth sus prdgfdpdns kïsdfns hg tncos los ïrhos loknrolhs.

-

Uns Unshh pr prdg dgfd fdpd pdns ns ch

n

 

-

Fngnfh prnfhcdjdhgtns ch lo hjprhso.

-

Ur Urdg dgfd fdpd pdns ns k kïs ïsdf dfns ns ch ch prdjhrns ouxdldns.

-

Gnrjos y hhq qudpn dpns c chh prhvhgfdög ch rdhsin.

-

[holdzor lo ldjpdhzo ch ofuhrc ofuhrcn n fng lns prnfhcdjdhgtns dgcdfocns.

adidhgh phrsngol sdhjprh auhlh kdhg. -

[h [hol oldz dzoo tnc tncns ns lns lns prnfhcdjdhgtns fnjn sh lh dgcdfo y lns suphro.

 

@nrjotn Uoro [hfokor Lo Dg`nrjofdög Uoro Lo Chsfrdpfdög T Uhr`dl Ch Forin Unr  fnjphthgfdos, Ocoptocn O Lo Nriogdzofdög .

CHGNJDGOFDÖG CHL FO[IN OCMXGSN OL CH@HGVN[ (O) CHL UXHKLN NKMHSDPN IHGH[OL CHL FO[IN ⮝

Hl nfupogth chl fori forin n rholdz rholdzo o trokomns ch fngs fngsdchrok dchroklh lh cd`df cd`dfultoc ultoc pnr ln quh sh hxdih ugo ojpldo `nrjofdö `nrjofdög g prn`hsdngol y ugo ojpldo hxphrdhgfdo ocqudrdco hg hl hmhrfdfdn fngtdgun ch oftdvdcochs rhlofdngocos fng hl ïrho o chshjphÿor.

FNJUHSHGFDO SHFGDFO ⮝

Hl Ocmugtn (o) osujdrï los otrdkufdnghs ocjdgdstrotdvos fnrrhspngcdhgths ol tdtulor ch lo Ch`hgsnrêo chl Uuhkln, jdhgtros curh su oushgfdo.

⮝

Uortdfdpor hg cdvhrsos rhugdnghs, fng`hrhgfdos y shjdgordns o gdvhl gofdngol n dgthrgofdngol, hg gnjkrh y rhprhshgtofdög chl Ch`hgsnr n Ch`hgsnro chl Uuhkln.

⮝

Fnnrcdgor lns osugtns quh pnr chlhiofdög lh fng`êh hl (o) Ch`hgsnr (o) chl Uuhkln.

 

FNJUHSHGFDO FNGCXFSXOLHV IHGH[DFOV S[OKOMN HG H_XDUN Hs lo fopofdcoc chl trokomocnr poro hstoklhfhr rhlofdnghs fng sus fnjpoÿhrns o `dg ch quh foco ugn puhco chshjphÿor los `ugfdnghs ch su forin ortdfulogcn los jhtos quh lh fnjphthg olfogzor fng los jhtos ch sus fnjpoÿ fnj poÿhrn hrns s ch trokom trokomn n y lo jht jhto o `dg `dgol ol ch lo nri nriogdz ogdzofd ofdög. ög. Djp Djpldf ldfo o hstokl hstoklhfh hfhrr rhl rhlofd ofdngh nghs s ch fnn fnnphr phrofd ofdög ög y prhnfupofdög gn söln pnr los prnpdos rhspngsokdldcochs sdgn tojkdäg pnr los chl rhstn chl hqudpn ch trokomn. Hs lo fopofdcoc ch trokomor fng ntrns poro fngshiudr jhtos fnjughs.

Dgcd Dgcdfo focn cnrr

Gdv Gdvhl hl Ch`d Ch`dgd gdfd fdög ög

Pdsd Pdsdög ög ch hq hqud udpn pn y 6

Sdhgh u g go o v dds sdög c h h hq qudpn, q u uh h c dv dvulio h gt gtrh

jhtos fnjughs.

lns fnloknrocnrhs. Dchgtd`dfocn fng lns nkmhtdvns chl hqudpn y fng sus jdhjkrns. Dchgtd`dfocn fng lns nkmhtdvns ch lo Hjprhso. Cdspuhstn o oyucor  y opny opnyor or o lns lns ntrn ntrns s hg lo hm hmhf hfuf ufdö dög g ch su

 

trokomn. Fujplh fng hl chshjphÿn hsphrocn. Fldjo ch

6

Cdsp dspuhs hstto o f frrhor ug ug k ku uhg o oj jkdhgth c ch h tr trokomn

Fng`dogzo

pnsdtdvn y snlufdngor lns fng`ldftns. Fujplh fng hl chshjphÿn hsphrocn.

FNJXGDFOFDÖG= FNJXGDFO FDÖG= Fopofdcoc quh phrjdth o lns fnloknrocnrhs fnjportdr dg`nrjofdög, opnrths quh rhqudhrhg los cdstdgtos ugdcochs poro lo rholdzofdög ch su trokomn y lo tnjo ch chfdsdnghs, quh joxdjdfh hl lnirn ch lns nkmhtdvns hstrotäidfns ch lo hjprhso hg ug fldjo nriogdzofdngol jntdvogth.

Dgcdfocnr @ludchz

Gdvhl vhrkol

y 6

fopofdcoc poro hsfufaor 

Ch`dgdfdög Gnrjoljhgth c ch hjuhstro `l `ludchz v vh hrkol hg hg su sus s fn fngv gvhr hrso sofd fdng nghs hs y fo fopo pofd fdco coc c poro poro hsfufaor o ntros phrsngos. Fujplh fng hl chshjphÿn hsphrocn.

H`hftdvdcoc fnjugdfofdög

ch

lo 6

[hiulorjhgth rh rhspngch, fn fng h h``hftdvdcoc o los los ghfh ghfhsd sdco coch chs s chl chl fldhg fldhgth th dg dgth thrg rgn n y hxth hxthrg rgn. n. hsphrocn

Fujp Fujplh lh

fng fng

hl

chsh chshj jphÿn phÿn

 

@LHQDKDLDCOC= Fopofdcoc ch jogthghr y rhphtdr sus offdnghs, fngcuftos y polokros, fngshrvogcn sus prdgfdpdns y volnrhs. Urnpnrfdngogcn shiurdcoc o lns chjïs.

Dgcdfocnr

Gdvh

Ch`dgdfdög

l Joghmn ch

6

Joghm oghmn n oc ochf hfuo uocn cn c ch h lo ddgf gfhr hrtd tdcu cuj jkrh krh y ch s sdt dtuo uof fdn dngh ghs s fojkdogths. Fujplh fng hl chshjphÿn hsphrocn.

sdtuofdnghs

DGSHI[OFDNG T CDVF[HFDNG Dgcd Dgcdfo focn cnrr

Gdv Gdvhl hl Ch`d Ch`dgd gdfd fdög ög

Ur Uru uchgf chgfdo do

6

Gnrj nrjolj oljhgth hgth of oftýo týo th thg gdhgc dhgcn n pr prhs hshg hgth th llo o pr pruc uchg hgf fdo o oll aoklor, oftuor y hjdtdr npdgdnghs snkrh cd`hrhgths thjos. Fujplh fng hl chshjphÿn hsphrocn

FNJUHSHGFDO FNGCXFSXOLHV HVUHFD@DFOV

 

LDCH[O]IN= Hs lo fopofdcoc chl trokomocnr poro hmhrfhr dg`luhgfdo snkrh su hqudpn, prnjnvdhgcn hg hllns ugo olto jntdvofdög pnr fngshiudr foco nkmhtdvn hg su trokomn, ln fuol fngllhvorï o olfogzor lo jhto `dgol ch lo nriogdzofdög

Gdvhl  O

Ch`dgdfdög Vh fnjugdfo ch `nrjo h`dfoz, h`dfdhgth y fngsdsthgth fng lns trokomocnrhs hg lns cdstdgtns gdvhlhs `ugfdngolhs.

[hqudsdtns Jêgdjns= Hcufofdög @nrjol= Vhr pogojhÿn(o), thghr y ofrhcdtor kuhgo fngcufto, gn hstor sumhtn (o) o dgthrcdffdög fdvdl y los chjïs quh hstoklhzfog lo fngstdtufdög, lhyhs y gnrjos quh cdfth lo Ch`hgsnrêo chl Uuhkln. Irocuocn hg ugo Xgdvhrsdcoc rhfngnfdco hg ugo prn`hsdög o`êg ol fojpn cngch vo o prhstor sus shrvdfdns, prh`hrdklhjhgth fng thrjdgofdög sotds`oftnrdo ch ug Unstirocn.

Hxphrdhgfdo= Jogd`dhsto y chjnstroco fnjphthgfdo hg jothrdo ch chrhfans aujogns.

Chsfrdpfdög y Uhr`dl ch Forin pnr Fnjphthgfdos

 

¾_uä hs ug phr`dl ch forin pnr fnjphthgfdos> Hs ghfhsordn quh lo nriogdzofdög aoyo djplhjhgtocn ug jnchln dgthirol ch ihstdög pnr fnjphthgfdos2 hg fosn fngtrordn gn sh thgcrï ug “phr`dl pnr fnjphthgfdos‚. Xg jnchln ch ihstdög pnr fnjphthgfdos hs fngfdsn, `doklh y h`hftdvn poro prhchfdr hl äxdtn ch ugo phrsngo hg su puhstn2 pnr hlln shrï ugo ahrrojdhgto vïldco fngtor fng ug phr`dl pnr fnjphthgfdos.  

Hg hl jnjh jnjhgtn gtn c ch h rhfnlhft rhfnlhftor or lo dg`nrj dg`nrjofdög ofdög snkrh hl phr phr`dl `dl c chl hl puhstn, puhstn, sd lo hjpr hjprhso hso a ao o djp djplhjhg lhjhgtocn tocn ug

hsquhjo ch ihstdög pnr fnjphthgfdos, sh portdrï chl chsfrdptdvn ch puhstns cngch, mugtn o ntrn tdpn ch dg`nrjofdög, hstorïg fngsdigocos los cd`hrhgths fnjphthgfdos y lns gdvhlhs n irocns rhquhrdcns poro foco ugo. Fng hsto dg`nrjofdög chkhrï prhiugtorsh ol fldhgth dgthrgn fuïlhs sng lns jïs djpnrtogths rhsphftns, hsphfê`dfojhgth, chl prnfhsn ch shlhffdög chl guhvn fnloknrocnr. Hsto dg`nrjofdög shrï ch jufao utdldcoc, luhin, poro lo prhporofdög ch los prhiugtos hg lo hgtrhvdsto ch shlhffdög pnr fnjphthgfdos. Xsuoljhgth los fnjphthgfdos sh okrhg hg fuotrn gdvhlhs n irocns.

 

Lo ophrturo hg fuotrn irocns n gdvhlhs sh hstdjo s su`dfdhgth2 u`dfdhgth2 gnsntrns lns chgnjdgoj chgnjdgojns ns O, K, F y C, sdhgcn hl

gdvhl n irocn Ol suphrdnr n suphrlotdvn, hl irocn n gdvhl chl jêgdjn ch lo fnjphthgfdo, y lns K y F dgthrjhcdns hgtrh ojkns, fngsdchrogcn hl irocn K fnjn ug gdvhl su`dfdhgthjhgth oltn.  

Fnjn yo sh cdmn, hg tncns lns fosns los fnjphthgfdos sh ch`dghg o troväs ch ugo `rosh, o oll diuol quh lns irocns n

gdvhlhs. Vdg hstos chsfrdpfdnghs chtollocos y sus irocns gn sh hstorï trokomogcn snkrh lo kosh ch ug jnchln ch

 

fnjphthgfdos. Vh troto ch ug rhqudsdtn hxfluyhgth ch lo jhtncnlniêo. Fng hsth jätncn, sh thgcrï ugo chsfrdpfdög ch ln quh sh hsphro poro foco fnjphthgfdo hg foco puhstn n phr`dl quh shlhffdngor.   Foco nriogdzofdög nriogdzofdög pncrï f fng`hffdngor ng`hffdngor su prnpdn `nrjulordn ch phr`dl dgcdfogcn los fnjphthgfdos shiýg hl jnchln hstoklhfdcn. Hg hl jnjhgtn ch ch`dgdr ug phr`dl sh jorforïg söln los jïs djpnrtogths poro hsh puhstn hg portdfulor y hl iro irocn cn rhquhr rhquhrdcn dcn por poro o foc foco o ugo ch hllos, hllos, suihr suihrdjn djns, s, poro poro ugo jhm jhmnr nr ch` ch`dgdf dgdfdög dög chl phr phr`dl `dl,, cht chthrj hrjdgo dgorr los fnjphthgfdos fngcuftuolhs djprhsfdgcdklhs n fnjphthgfdos cnjdgogths. Uoro gn nlvdcor ol ch`dgdr ug phr`dl Cotns nkmhtdvns fnjn hcufofdög y hxphrdhgfdo loknrol, u ntrns fnjn luior ch rhsdchgfdo, sh rhsuhlvhg hg ugo prdjhro dgstogfdo y gn fngstdtuyhg lo porth jïs cd`êfdl ch lo torho2 ch tncns jncns, hs ghfhsordn chmor kdhg hg florn lo rhol ghfhsdcoc ch ln quh sh gns plogtho. Lns pugtns flovh y ch jïs cd`êfdl ch`dgdfdög hstorïg cocns pnr los fnjphthgfdos fngcuftuolhs n forofthrêstdfos ch phrsngoldcoc, y los rhlofdnghs chgtrn ch lo nriogdzofdög. Vnkrh hsth ýltdjn osphftn hs fngvhgdhgth prdjhrn rhvdsor hl nriogdirojo, ogoldzor su vdihgfdo y, ch shr ghfhsordn, g hfhsordn, prnpnghr los jncd`dfofdnghs ghfhsordos. Hs `ugcojhgtol `ugcojhgtol chthf chthftor tor los rhlof rhlofdnghs dnghs dg`nrjo dg`nrjolhs, lhs, los chgnj chgnjdgocos dgocos “lêghos ch pugtns pugtns‚‚ hg hl hsquh hsquhjo jo nriogdzotdvn, y ch`dgdr fnrrhftojhgth ch qudäg chphgch lo pnsdfdög, o qudäg suphrvdso y qudäghs sng sus porhs. Hg ugo shiugco htopo hs djprh djprhsfdg sfdgcdklh cdklh ogoldzor los fnjp fnjphthgf hthgfdos dos n forof forofthrês thrêstdfos tdfos phrsngo phrsngolhs lhs ch oquhll oquhllns ns quh sh

 

rhlofdngog cdrhftojhgth fng hl puhstn, dchgtd`dfor los fnjphthgfdos cnjdgogths y quä dgfdchgfdo puhchg thghr hg lo ch`dgdfdög chl phr`dl. Fng hstns hlhjhgtns sh hstorï hg fngcdfdnghs ch ch`dgdr los fnjphthgfdos n forofthrêstdfos phrsngolhs quh rholjhgth sh rhqudhrhg poro lo pnsdfdög. Xgo torho juy djpnrtogth quh sh rhfnjdhgco chmor poro hl `dgol hs, dcholjhgth, ch`dgdr hl plog ch forrhro chl fogcdcotn quh shlhffdngor. Xg fnjplhtn oshsnrojdhgtn ol fldhgth dgthrgn `dgoldzo fng hl ogïldsds ch los pnsdkdldcochs ch hgfngtror ln rhquhrdcn. Vd hl phr`dl hs ch oquhllns quh sh fngsdchrog “cd`êfdlhs‚, aoy quh trotor ch nkthghr ug shiugcn phr`dl, pnr hmhjpln, ol nfahgto pnr fdhgtn chl dchol `dmocn, o fuyo kýsquhco puhco osdigïrshlh ugo pnsdkdldcoc ch äxdtn joynr. Unr ýltdjn, y sd kdhg gn hs ug cotn chl phr`dl, shrï ch jufao utdldcoc poro hl hsphfdoldsto hg [hfursns Aujogns ogoldzor fng hl fldhgth dgthrgn hg quä tdpn ch hjprhsos pncrêo hstor any trokomogcn ugo phrsngo fng hl phr`dl kusfocn. Vujordn-Ch`dgdfdög chl phr`dl-Ogtd-phr`dl= fuogcn sh ch`dgh hl phr`dl portdhgcn ch lo chsfrdpfdög ch ugo phrsngo y gn ch ug puhstn ch trokomn. Fuogcn sh rholdzo lo rhfnlhffdög ch dg`nrjofdög poro ch`dgdr hl phr`dl ch lo phrsngo quh shlhffdngo shlhf fdngorr chkhr chkhrï ï prhiug prhiugtors torsh h ol fldhg fldhgth th dgthrgn dgthrgn fuïl hs su jêgdjn ofhptoklh hg joth jothrdo rdo ch rhquhr rhquhrdjdhgt djdhgtns ns fngnfdjdhgtns, hxphrdhgfdo y fnjphthgfdo hg rhlofdög fng lns hvhgtuolhs pnstulogths.

 

 

Chsf Chsfrdptdv rdptdvn n ch puh puhstn stn y p phr`dl hr`dl gn sng ln j jdsjn dsjn.. Oug s sdd lo nrio nriogdzof gdzofdög dög pnshh pnshh ugo c chsfrd hsfrdpfdög pfdög c ch h puhst puhstns ns

oftuoldzoco, chkhrï rholdzorsh lo rhfnlhffdög rhfnlhffdög ch cotns snkrh hl phr`dl quh shlhffdngor. Hl hsphfdoldsto ch [hfursns Aujogns Aujo gns n Vhlhf Vhlhffdög, fdög, usuolj usuoljhgth, hgth, chkh llhvor o fokn ug chldf chldfocn ocn pophl ol djpnghr ug fdhrt fdhrtn n hqudld hqudldkrdn krdn hgtrh lns rhquhrdjdhgtns quh lo lêgho n fldhgth dgthrgn `dmo n chthrjdgo fnjn ghfhsordns y los rholhs pnsdkdldcochs ch fngshiudr  hsh phr`dl hg hl jhrfocn. Hl rhspngsoklh ch lo shlhffdög chkhrï chshjphÿor vordns rnlhs sdjultïghns poro rholdzor kdhg su torho= shr ug oshsnr chl fldhgth dgthrgn, fngnfhr hl ghinfdn y los torhos ch los ntros ïrhos. Ochjïs, chkhrï pnr, snkrh tncn, ihghror fng`dogzo. Hg hl rhlhvojdhg rhlhvojdhgtn tn chl phr`d phr`dll chkhg ch`dgdrs ch`dgdrsh h lns rhqudsdtns hxfluy hxfluyhgths hgths y gn hxflu hxfluyhgth yhgths s y los fnjphthg fnjphthgfdos fdos cnjd cnjdgo gogt gths hs.. Hl tä tärj rjdg dgn n fn fnjp jpht hthg hgfd fdo o aofh aofh rh rh`h `hrh rhgf gfdo do o fo foro roft fthr hrês êstd tdfo fos s ch phrs phrsng ngol oldc dcoc oc,, chvh chvhgd gdco cos s hg fnjp fnjpnr nrto tojd jdhg hgtn tns, s, quh quh ihghr ihghrog og ug chsh chshjp jphÿ hÿn n hxdtn hxdtnsn sn hg ug puhs puhstn tn ch trok trokomn omn puhc puhch h thgh thghrr cd` cd`hr hrhg hgth ths s forofthrêstdfos hg hjprhsos n jhrfocns cdstdgtns. Los fnjphthgfdos hg lns chsfrdptdvns ch puhstns sh dgcdfog fng su gnjkrh y irocn n gdvhl. Lo ch`dgdfdög ch los fnjphthgfdos, osê fnjn su ophrturo hg irocns, sh hgfuhgtrog hg hl cnfujhgtn chgnjdgocn cdffdngordn n fotïlnin ch fnjphthgfdos, fng`hffdngocn o lo jhcdco ch foco nriogdzofdög. Hg `ugfdög chl jhgfdngocn cdffdngordn ch fnjphthgfdos sh ch`dghg, luhin, hmhjplns ch fnjpnrtojdhgtns, quh sh rhidstrog rhids trog hg ug cnfujhgtn cnfujhgtn chgnjdgo chgnjdgocn cn cdff cdffdngord dngordn n ch fnj fnjpnrtoj pnrtojdhgtns dhgtns,, quh tojkdäg sh prhpor prhporo o o lo jhcdc jhcdco o ch

 

fo foco co nriogd nriogdzof zofdög dög.. Hg hl jnj jnjhgt hgtn n ch rhf rhfnlh nlhfto ftorr lo dg`nrj dg`nrjofd ofdög ög snk snkrh rh hl phr phr`dl `dl chl puh puhstn stn,, sd lo hj hjprh prhso so ao djplhjhgtocn ug hsquhjo ch ihstdög pnr fnjphthgfdos, sh portdrï chl chsfrdptdvn ch puhstns cngch, mugtn o ntro dg`nrjofdög hstorïg fngsdigocos los cd`hrhgths fnjphthgfdos rhquhrdcos y lns gdvhlhs n irocns dgcdfocns poro foco ugo ch hllos. Xg osphftn juy djpnrtogth quh sh rhfnjdhgco chmor poro hl `dgol hs, dcholjhgth, ch`dgdr hl plog ch forrhro chl fogcdcotn quh shlhffdngor. Xg fnjplhtn oshsnrojdhgtn ol fldhgth dgthrgn `dgoldzo fng hl ogïldsds ch los pnsdkdldcochs ch hgfngtror ln rhquhrdcn.

Chsfrdpfdög ch Forin pnr Fnjphthgfdo  O fngtdguofdög, sh prhshgtog tärjdgns tärjdgns y fngfhptns utdldzocns hg hl ogïldsds y chsfr chsfrdpfdög dpfdög ch forins.

?. Ihghro Ihghrolhs lhs chl Forin= Forin= o. Gnjk Gnjkrh rh chl chl for forin in k. Chpo Chport rtoj ojhg hgtn tn f. Luio Luiorr ch ch S Sro roko komn mn c. Gnjkrh Gnjkrh chl F Forin orin c chl hl Vuph Vuphrvds rvdsnr nr Dgjhcdot Dgjhcdotn n h. Anro Anrord rdn n ch Sr Srok okom omn n

 

`. Unsdfd Unsdfdög ög hg Lo Hstru Hstruftu fturo ro Nri Nriogdz ogdzotd otdvo. vo.

;. Nkmhtdvns Nkmhtdvns Ihghrolhs Ihghrolhs chl Forin Forin 6. Fnjp Fnjphthgf hthgfdos dos Säfgdf Säfgdfos os y Fnjphthgf Fnjphthgfdos dos Fngcuf Fngcuftuolhs tuolhs chl Forin Forin== o. Fnjphthgfdos Säfgdfos Hsphfê`dfos chl For Forin in (@ugf (@ugfdnghs dnghs Loknrolhs) k. @ug @ugfdn fdnghs ghs ch Opnyn Opnyn

3. Cdjhgs Cdjhgsdng dnghs hs chl chl Fori Forin n 8. Fnjphthgfd Fnjphthgfdos os Fngcuftu Fngcuftuolhs olhs chl chl Forin= Forin= 8.? Fnjphthgfdos Fngcuftuolhs Ihgärdfos 8.?.? Srokomn hg Hqudpn 8.?.; [hspngsokdldcoc Dgcdvdcuol 8.; Fnjphthgfdos Fngcuftuolhs Hsphfê`dfos chl Forin 8.;.? Cdgojdsjn 8.;.; Uhrshvhrogfdo

0. [hquhrdjdhgtn chl Forin

 

0.? [hspngsokdldcoc pnr Jïqudgos n Hqudpns 0.; [hspngsokdldcoc pnr Fngtoftn fng hl Uýkldfn 0.6 [hspngsokdldcoc pnr Dg`nrjofdög 0.3 [hspngsokdldcoc pnr Dg`nrjofdög Fng`dchgfdol 0.8 [hspngsokdldcoc pnr Joghmn ch Cdghrn n Polnrhs 0.0 [hspngsokdldcoc pnr Vuphrvdsdög 0.9 [hquhrdjdhgtn @êsdfn

9. Hsphfd`dfofdnghs chl Forin / Uhr`dl chl Forin 9.? @nrjofdög= (Ofocäjdfo, dg`nrjol, hcufofdög fngtdguo) 9.; Fngnfdjdhgtns 9.6 Hxphrdhgfdos 9.3 Aokdldcochs y Chstrhzos 9.8 Fhrtd`dfofdnghs 9.0 Oftdtuchs 9.9 Fngcdfdnghs Ocdfdngolhs 1. Fngcdfdnghs Ojkdhgtolhs 4. [dhsins

 

Unchjns oirhior fnjn fnjplhjhgtn =  

Ogïldsds ch Forins= U Urnfhcdjdhgtn rnfhcdjdhgtn ch nkthgfdög ch dg`nrjofdög of ofhrfo hrfo ch lns forins forins,, su fngthgdcn, osphf osphftns tns y

fngcdfdnghs quh lns rnchog. Chsfrdpfd Chsf rdpfdög ög ch Forin Forins= s= Urnfhcdjdhgtn Urnfhcdjdhgtn quh rhfni rhfnih h lo dg`nr dg`nrjofd jofdög ög nkthg nkthgdco dco pnr jhcdn chl ogïld ogïldsds, sds, quhcogcn rh`lhmoco ch hsth jncn, hl fngthgdcn chl forin, osê fnjn los rhspngsokdldcochs y chkhrhs dgahrhgths ol jdsjn. Hsphfd`dfofdnghs ch Forin= [hqudsdtns y fuold`dfofdnghs phrsngolhs hxdidcns poro o ug fujpldjdhgtn sotds`oftnrdn ch los torhos= gdvhl ch hstucdns, hxphrdhgfdo, forofthrêstdfos phrsngolhs, htf. Hstns rhqudsdtns hjogog ch `nrjo cdrhfto chl ogïldsds y chsfrdpfdög chl forin. Hs djpnrtogth, tojkdäg, ofloror lo cd`hrhgfdo hxdsthgth hgtrh fdhrtns tärjdgns fnjýgjhgth utdldzocns hg hl Ogïldsds y chsfrdpfdög ch forins=

Hlhjhgtn= Hs lo ugdcoc jêgdjo dgcdvdsdklh chl trokomn. Sorho= Oftdvdcoc dgcdvdcuoldzoco h dchgtd`dfoklh fnjn cd`hrhgth chl rhstn. @ugfdög= Fngmugtn ch torhos, rholdzocos pnr ugo phrsngo, quh `nrjog ug ïrho ch`dgdco ch trokomn. Vuhlhg jogthghr  hgtrh sê ugo rhlofdög ch prnxdjdcoc `êsdfo n täfgdfo.

 

Nkldiofdög=  Vh lhs chgnjdgo chgnjdgo osê o lns cdvhr cdvhrsns sns fnjp fnjprnj rnjdsn dsns s quh puh puhch ch chs chsorr orrnll nllor or ugo phrsn phrsngo go hg ugo nriogdzofdög.

Forin= Vh troto ch ugo n jïs `ugfdnghs quh sh nriogdzog fngstdtuyhgcn ugo guhvo ugdcoc ch nrchg suphrdnr y ocnptog ugo pnsdfdög mhrïrqudfo hg lo nriogdzofdög. Sojkdäg puhch ch`dgdrsh fnjn "ugo ugdcoc ch nriogdzofdög quh fngllhvo ug irupn ch chkhrhs y rhspngsokdldcochs quh ln vuhlvhg shporocn y cd cdstdgtn stdgtn ch lns ntrns.