Analisis de La Ley 50-88

 

EK\QFLSIIEÙK Ch prfahcmd lch \räbeif y ifksumf lc Lrf`ds pfr su md`ketul dhidkzd, ditudhmcktc, prfpfriefkcs lrdmäteids quc trdspdsd kucstrds brfktcrds y hds lch muklf, ifkverteåklfsc ck ch bhd`chf iremekdh quc dmckdzd ifk lcstruer hd jumdkeldl. Ch kdrifträbeif y su muhtepheieldl lc mdkebcstdiefkcs supfkck ukd scred dmckdzd idpdz lc dtcktdr ifktrd hd veld ekstetuiefkdh lc iudhquecr kdieùk. Hd Ifmukeldl Ektcrkdiefkdh, ifksiecktc lc quc ch iremck lch kdrifträbeif jd pcrmcdlf hds beards mäs sckseahcs lc hd sfiecldl, jd prfpucstf sumdtfred lc hfs csbucrzfs ekleveludhcs ck hd aÿsqucld lc mclefs idpdics lc ckbrcktdr d tdk fprfaefsf bhd`chf. Ck ch prcscktc trdadof bekdh lc hd mdtcred quc kfs ifkiecrkc ck cstd mdtcred, jdrcmfs uk dkäheses lc hd hcy 37-:: sfarc lrf`ds y sustdkieds ifktrfhdlds ifktrf hdlds lc hd Qcpÿaheid Lfmekeidkd, hd mesmd sur`c ifmf ukd kcicseldl pdrd ifktrd rcstdr ch träbeif, ifksumf y lestreauieùk lc sustdkieds prfjeaelds  pfr hd hcy. D hfs bekcs lc jdicr cstc dkäheses jcmfs levelelfs hd hcy Kf. 371-::, ck idpítuhfs pdrd lc csd mdkcrd scdk mäs prciesf hfs ckbfquc cmetelfs, y hfs oueiefs lc vdhfrdieùk sc pucldk ekleveludhezdr mäs ck idld dspcitf quc cs dafrldlf pfr hd prcscktc hcy. Ckbfidrcmfs ck ch premcr idpítuhf tflf hf rchdiefkdlfs ifk hfs títuhfs y hds lcbekeiefkcs, quc cstäk ifktckelds ck hd prcscktc hcy sfarc lrf`ds y sustdkieds ifktrfhdlds. Dsí mesmf ckbfidrcmfs hds lebcrcktcs idtc`fríds lc hds lrf`ds ifktrfhdlds. Ftrf lc hfs dspcitfs quc ch hc`eshdlfr tfmù ck ifkselcrdieùk dh ircdr hd prcscktc hcy hf buc ch dspcitf rchdtevf d hfs fr`dkesmfs pdrd hd dpheidieùk lc hd hcy, y hfs fr`dkesmfs quc bucrfk ircdlfs  pfr hd rrcbcreld cbcreld hcy. Ifkouktdmcktc ifk hfs fr`dkesmfs lc if ifktrfh ktrfh y dpheidieùk vcrcmfs tdmaeåk hds prfjeaeiefkcs quc cstdahcic leijd hcy. Ck ftrf lc sus idpítuhfs kfs ckifktrdrcmfs ifk hd tepebeidieùk lc hfs lchetfs y hds sdkiefkcs lc quc sfk faoctfs hfs mesmfs, y bekdhmcktc ckbfidrcmfs hf rchdtevf d hf quc sfk hds lespfseiefkcs bbekdhcs ekdhcs ck hd prcscktc hcy.

4

 

FAOC\ERFY Faoctevf @ckcrdh Dkdhezdr hd hcy 37-::, sfarc lrf`ds y sustdkieds prfjeaelds.

Faoctevfs cspciíbeifs.   Cstdahcicr hfs títuhfs, lcbekeiefkcs y hds idtc`fríds lc hds lrf`ds ifktrfhdlds.   Rcrebeidr hfs fr`dkesmfs pdrd hd dpheidieùk lc hd prcscktc hcy.   Ihdsebeidr hds prfjeaeiefkcs, ifktrfh, lchetfs y sdkiefkcs.

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MC\FLFHF@ED Wdrd hd ekvcste`dieùk utehezdmfs uk måtflf ekluitevf pdrd huc`f pflcr sektctezdr pfr ifksciuckied lc hù`eid kucstrds ifkihusefkcs.

Bucktcs y Mclefs pdrd hd Qcifhciieùk lc hd Ekbfrmdieùk Hds bucktcs quc usdmfs pdrd hd chdafrdieùk trdadof lc ekvcste`dieùk bucrfk hfs hearfs lc tcxtfs y lfiumcktfs tflfs puaheidlfs utehezdklf ch mclef vertudh lch ektcrkct.

1

 

MDQIF \CÙQEIF Dktciclcktcs Levcrsds Hcycs, Qc`hdmcktfs y Lcirctfs sc jdk ckidr`dlf lc sdkiefkdr, ck kucstrf pdís ch ehc`dh usf, dausf y träbeif lc Lrf`ds y Yustdkieds ifktrfhdlds.  Kucstrfs hc`eshdlfrcs pdrd p drd ircdr cstd kucvd hcy tfmdrfk ifmf mdrif lc rcbcrckied hd idkteldl lc cxtrdkocrfs quc sfk sfrprcklelfs idse d ledref ck kucstrf tcrretfref ck träbeif, pfscseùk, ifksumf y usf ehíietf lc lrf`ds pche`rfsds ck vefhdieùk d hds ifstumarcs y trdleiefkcs lc kucstrf pucahf. Wdrd hd chdafrdieùk lc hd prcscktc hcy sc tfmdrfk lc rcbcrckied hd hcy 42: lc bcijd 41 lc mdyf lc 4503, quc rc`uhd hd empfrtdieùk, bdareidieùk, vcktd, lestreauieùk y usf lc lrf`ds kdriùteids. Hd hcy 53 sfarc ekme`rdieùk lch 4595. Hd hcy 309 lc bcijd 42 lc dareh lc 4500, sfarc sfa rc mdr tcrretfredh, zfkd ifkte`ud, zfkd cifkùmeid cxihusevd y phdtdbfrmd ifktekcktdh. Hd hcy 42< lc 45:7 sfarc heacrtdl ifkleiefkdh, y hd hcy Kf. 119, 45:< sfarc ch pcrlùk ifkleiefkdh lc hd pckd, dsí ifmf hfs drtíiuhfs 4,1,9,2,0,44,4:,14,19,95, lc cstc ekleief sc lcluic quc hd pcrsfkd ifkfic kcicsdredmcktc iuäh cs ch ifktckelf lc hd mdhctd f lc hd afhsd? «rcsuhtd eksùhetf y brdkidmcktc cxtrdôf, quc kdlec sc ifmprfmctd d jdicrsc idr`f lc ukd mdhctd sek prc`uktdr pfr su ifktckelf¾. Ck cstfs supucstfs ch ifktckelf ifkirctf lc hd afhsd hc crd eklebcrcktc dh dutfr y quc 44

 

cstdad lespucstf d rcdhezdr hd diieùk duk iudklf sc trdtdrd lc iudhquecr ftrf faoctf, ldklf dsí pfr ifkbfrmdlf ch tepf suaoctevf ck vertul lc lfhf cvcktudh.

41

 

IFKIHSYEÙK Dh jdicr cstc dkäheses bucrfk levelelfs ck lfs idpítuhfs pdrd lc cstd mdkcrd jdicr mäs prciesfs prc iesfs hfs ckbfqucs lc jcijf, y hfs oueiefs lc vdhfrdieùk pdrd quc sc pucldk ekleveludhezdr mäs ck idld dspcitf quc cs dafrldlf pfr hd prcscktc hcy. Ck ch premcr idpítuhf vemfs tflf hf rchdiefkdlfs ifk hfs títuhfs y hds lcbekeiefkcs, quc cstäk ifktckelds ck hd prcscktc hcy sfarc lrf`ds y sustdkieds ifktrfhdlds. Dsí mesmf sc cstdahciecrfk hds lebcrcktcs idtc`fríds lc hds lrf`ds ifktrfhdlds. Ftrf lc hfs dspcitfs trdtdlfs y quc ch hc`eshdlfr tfmù ck ifkselcrdieùk dh ircdr hd prcscktc hcy hf buc ch dspcitf rchdtevf d hfs fr`dkesmfs pdrd hd dpheidieùk lc hd hcy, y hfs fr`dkesmfs quc bucrfk irclf pfr hd rcbcreld hcy. Ifkouktdmcktc ifk hfs fr`dkesmfs lc ifktrfh y dpheidieùk vcrcmfs tdmaeåk hds prfjeaeiefkcs quc cstdahcic leijd hcy. \dmaeåk vemfs hd tepebeidieùk lc hfs lchetfs lchetfs y hds sdkiefkcs lc quc sfk faoctfs hfs mesmfs, y bekdhmcktc sc jezf uk ckbfquc ck hf rchdtevfs d hf quc sfk hds lespfseiefkcs bekdhcs ck hd prcscktc hcy. Ck ch sc`uklf idpítuhf pulemfs fascrvdr hd tepebeidieùk lc hfs lchetfs lch usf y träbeif lc Lrf`ds, hfs Chcmcktfs lch \epf? Faoctevf y Yuaoctevf, Yua octevf, ch faoctevf mdtcredh lch lchetf y hd ifkbe`urdieùk ifkb e`urdieùk lch mesmf. Cs kucstrf cktcklcr quc cstd hcy lcac lc scr mflebeidld, yd quc d kucstrf pdrcicr kf cstd doustdld d kucstrfs tecmpfs, hds sdkiefkcs sfk muy scvcrds y teckck bdhtd lc cqueldl, hf quc hd jdic ukd hcy muy ekoustd pdrd kucstrfs tecmpfs.

49

 

AEAHEF@QDBED Hcy 37-:: Yfarc Lrf`ds y Yustdkieds Ifktrfhdlds. Qcpÿaheid Lfmekeidkd @.F. 5093. Iùle`f Wckdh lc hd Qcpÿaheid Lfmekeidkd. 4550. Lftch Mdtfs, Jåitfr. Ektrfluiieùk dh Lcrcijf Wckdh. Cletfredh \dvdrcs, Ytf. L`f., Qcp. Lfm. 455:. Lukhfp, Ijdrhcs. Iursf lc Lcrcijf Wckdh Cspciedh rcvesdlf. Hearcríd Behdktrùpeid. Behdktrùpeid. Ydktf Lfmek`f. Qcp. Lfm. 455< Qdmfs, Hcfkief. Kftds lc Lcrcijf Wckdh Lfmekeidkf. 9rd. Cleieùk, Cletfredh \ecmpf, Ytf. L`f., Qcp. Lfm. 1774. Qfsschh Wclrf. Lcrcijf Wckdh Lfmekeidkd Irímckcs y Lchetfs Ifktrd hd Ifsd Wÿaheid, Ydktf Lfmek`f.

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EKLEIC Ektrfluiieùk .................................................................................................................................... 4 Faoctevfs ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Mctflfhf`ed .................................................................................................................................... 1 Mdrif \cùreif ................................................... ......................................................................................................... .............................................................................. ........................ 9 Idpetuhf E ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Dkäheses Lc Hd Hcy 37-:: Yfarc Lrf`ds U Yustdkieds Ifktrfhdlds Lc Hd Qcpÿaheid Lfmekeidkd ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 4.4 Idtc`fríds lc hds lrf`ds ifktrfhdlds. ................................................................................... 3 4.1 Fr`dkesmfs pdrd hd dpheidieùk lc hd Hcy. ............................................................................. 2 4.9 Wrfjeaeiefkcs y ifktrfh. ........................................................................................................ 0 4.< Lchetfs y sdkiefkcs. .............................................................................................................. 0 4.3 Lespfseiefkcs bekdhcs. ........................................................................................................... : Idpetuhf EE ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Ch Lchetf lc \rdbeif lc Lrf`ds ....................................................................................................... 5 1.4

Ch \epf Aäseif lch Lchetf lc \räbeif lc Lrf`ds .............................................................. ................................................ .............. 5

1.1 Aeck Ouríleif Wrftc`elf......................................................................................................... 5 1.9 Chcmcktfs lch \epf? Ch Chcmcktf Faoctevf y Ch Chcmcktf Yuaoctevf ................................ 47 1.9.4. Ch faoctf mdtcredh lch lchetf ........................................................................................ 47 1.9.1 Yu Ifkbe`urdieùk Hc`dh ............................................................................................... 47 1.< \epf Wckdh lch Lchetf lc Lrf`d .......................................................................................... 47 1.3 Ch Chcmcktf Yuaoctevf lch \epf .......................................................................................... 44 Ifkihuseùk .................................................................................................................................... 49 Aeahef`rdbed ................................................................................................................................... 4<