Analisis de Brechas

 

Pmdv`rsdaca a` Qcilc Jcluitca a` `lkmkbâc y m`gkldks Cuadtkrâc ` dmg`md`râc `m lkmtrki a` g`stdüm

’Cmãidsds a` er`locs y su cpidlcldüm c ic g`stdüm a` prkl`sks‒

 

Mkber`6 Bcxdbdidcmk Bcmldiic ^kei`t`

 

\`rgdk Gkmzãi`z Cie`rtk ^`r`z Z`rgcrc

Akl`mt`6 Ougk Möó`z A`icju`mt` Ucbk6 G`stdüm a` prkl`sks a` m`gkldks Lcrr`rc6 Cuadtkrâc ` dmg`md`râc `m lkmtrki a` g`stdüm Lcbpus6 Qcilc @m`rk, 5>5> 3

 

Pmdv`rsdaca a` Qcilc Jcluitca a` `lkmkbâc y m`gkldks Cuadtkrâc ` dmg`md`râc `m lkmtrki a` g`stdüm

Dmtrkaulldüm

Lkbk Lk bk sce sce`b `bks ks ik ikss b` b`rl rlca caks ks cl cltu tuci ci`s `s skm `i r` r`sui suitc tcak ak a` bö böit itdp dpi` i`ss jcltk jcltkr`s r`s buy buy lkbpi`fks, y ic gikecidzcldüm oc prkvklcak `i cub`mtk a` ic `jdlcldc y ic `jdld`mldc a` `stks, b`adcmt` clu`raks a` ider` lkb`rldk, tcscs a` dbpu`stks bãs ecfcs, y `m g`m`rci  euslcm ic bcm`rc a` ocl`r bãs jãldi `i dmt`rlcbedk a` ed`m`s e d`m`s y s`rvdldks. s `rvdldks. @stc t`ma`mldc `s drr`v`rsdei` y euslc r`spkma`r ci prkl`sk a` `jdld`mldc gikeci `m ic `lkmkbâc a` b`rlcak. @m ic cltucidaca `i lcbedk t`lmkiügdlk k ic trcsjkrbcldüm a` prkl`sks prkaultdvks y lkb`rldci`s `s umc m`l`sdaca dbp`rcmt` a` sup`rvdv`mldc y lr`ldbd`mtk a` ic cltdvdaca `lkmübdlc. Pmc bcic tkbc a` a`ldsdüm `m `i prkl`sk pu`a` dbpidlcr `m `i lkrtk y b`adcmk  piczk ic p`radac y/k ic pcrtdldpcldüm a` b`rlcak, y `m `i icrgk piczk pu`a` lkmii`vcr c ic bu`rt` prkaultdvc k `m `i p`kr a` iks lcsks ic bu`rt` a` ic `bpr`sc. @s pkr `stk qu` ics `bpr`scs s` v`m lkm ic m`l`sdaca a` b`fkrcr, trcsjkrbcr y okbkikgcr  iks prkl`sks a`mtrk a` ic `bpr`sc. ^crc `iik `xdst`m dmstrub`mtks vcidaks a` l`rtdjdlcldüm lkbkk ics mkr lkb mkrbcs bcs D\K D\K,, bätkaks bätkaks a` prka prkaull ulldüm düm idbpdc idbpdc,, eu`mcs eu`mcs prãltd prãltdlcs lcs icekrci icekrci`s, `s, y cbed`mtci`s `mtr` ktrcs.

5

 

Pmdv`rsdaca a` Qcilc Jcluitca a` `lkmkbâc y m`gkldks Cuadtkrâc ` dmg`md`râc `m lkmtrki a` g`stdüm

A`jdmdldüm a` er`loc

@i cmãidsds a` er`locs s` a`jdm` lkbk um bätkak pcrc `vciucr ics adj`r`mldcs `mtr` `i a`s`bp`ók r`ci y `i a`s`bp`ók `sp`rcak `m umc krgcmdzcldüm k m`gkldk. @i tärbdmk ’er`loc‒ s` r`jd`r` ci `spcldk `mtr` ’akma` `stcbks cokrc‒ (`i `stcak cltuci) y akma` ’qu`r`bks `stcr‒ (`i `stcak kef`tdvk). Pm cmãidsds a` er`locs tcbedäm pu`a` s`r r`j`rdak lkbk cmãidsds GC^ `vciucldüm a` m`l`sdaca`s k cmãidsds a` er`locs a` m`l`sdaca`s. Lkmsda Lkm sda`rca `rcacc odp odpktä ktätdl tdlcb` cb`mt`, mt`, lkb lkbkk krgcmdz krgcmdzcld cldüm üm oc jcerdlc jcerdlcak ak um prka prkault ultkk C. @st @st``  prkaultk oc ii`gcak c ic cuad`mldc kef`tdvk `m `i b`rlcak. @i prkaultk C td`m` tkacs ics lucidaca`s pcrc sker`scidr `m `i b`rlcak, ics lcrclt`râstdlcs lkrr`ltcs, `i bcrg`m a` pr`ldks, y ic a`bcmac. \dm `becrgk, pkr cigumc rczüm, `i prkaultk mk jumldkmü ed`m `m `i b`rlcak. \` pu`a` r`cidzcr um cmãidsds a` er`locs6 C mdv`i `strctägdlk6 ^crc lkbpcrcr ic lkmadldüm k mdv`i a`i m`gkldk lkm `i a` iks `stãmacr`s a` ic dmaustrdc. C mdv`i Kp`rctdvk6 ^crc lkbpcrcr `i `stcak cltuci k r`madbd`mtk a` tu m`gkldk lkm ik qu` ocs a`s`cak. Cquâ `s akma` `i cmãidsds a` er`locs fugcrâc um pcp`i lruldci `m ic lkbpr`msdüm a` aüma` `stã `i prkaultk y quä `s ik qu` i` jcitc, aüma` m`l`sdtc `stcr `i prkaultk pcrc cs`gurcr su iugcr `m `i b`rlcak y acri` ectciic c ic lkbp`t`mldc. Cmt`l`a`mt`s a` ic dmaustrdc

^crc r`cidzcr um cmãidsds a` er`locs ca`lucak a`e`bks lkmsda`rcr ic dmaustrdc `m akma` `stc dms`rtc ic `bpr`sc, a`e`bks `vciucr tkacs ics crdstcs, a` lübk s` `stã trcecfcmak, luci`s ocm sdak iks lcbedks prdmldpci`s a` dmaustrdc, csâ r`vdscr `stks tr`s pumtks6 lkbk ics

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Pmdv`rsdaca a` Qcilc Jcluitca a` `lkmkbâc y m`gkldks Cuadtkrâc ` dmg`md`râc `m lkmtrki a` g`stdüm

t`ma`mldcs a` ic dmaustrdc, `i ldlik a` vdac a` ic dmaustrdc y ic `tcpc a` bcaur`z a`i b`rlcak. A`slrdpldüm a` ic `bpr`sc

@m `st` pumtk a`i cmãidsds s` a`e` da`mtdjdlcr y ii`vcr c lkml`ptks licrks lkbk s` `strulturc ic `bpr`sc, iks cóks qu` ii`vc jumldkmcmak, qu` prkaultks lkb`rldcidzc, tcbedäm a`fcr  lkmst lkm stcm cmld ldcc a` ic bd bdsd sdüm üm a` ic `bpr` `bpr`sc, sc, ik ikss kef`t kef`tdv dvks ks c ik ikss lu luci ci`s `s cp cpum umtc tc,, yc s` s`cm cm `strctägdlks u kp`rctdvks, a`jdmdr iks vcikr`s a` ic `bpr`sc, ic `strulturc krgcmdzcldkmci, `tl.

Cmãidsds a` ic a`bcmac Cmãi ãids dsds ds a` ic A`bc A`bcma mac c ic da \` `mtd `mtd`m `ma` a` pkr Cm da`mt `mtdj djdl dlcld cldüm üm lucmt lucmtdt dtct ctdv dvcc c pcrtd pcrtdrr a` iks cmãidsds  odstürdlks y a` ics pr`vdsdkm`s a` `vkiuldüm a`i tcbcók a`i b`rlcak qu`

r`qud`rc ic tdpkikgâc a` iks prkaultks k a` iks s`rvdldks kef`tk a` ic Clldüm Lkb`rldci a` ic `bpr`sc. Ik qu` qu`r`bks ket`m`r lkm `i cmãidsds a` ic a`bcmac `s a`t`rbdmcr y b`adr luci`s skm ics ju`rzcs qu` cj`ltcm iks r`qu`rdbd`mtks a`i b`rlcak lkm r`sp`ltk c um ed`m k s`rvdldk, csâ lkb lkbkk a`t a`t`rb `rbdmc dmcrr ic pksdedi pksdedidac dacaa a` pcr pcrtdl tdldpc dpcldü ldümm a`i prkaultk prkaultk a`i prky`lt prky`ltkk am ic sctdsjclldüm a` adloc a`bcmac. ^crc a`t`rbdmcr ic a`bcmac s` `bpi`cm o`rrcbd`mtcs a` dmv`stdgcldüm a` b`rlcak, c ic qu` s` ocl` r`j`r`mldc `m ktrcs pcrt`s. \` `mtd`ma` pkr a`bcmac ci iicbcak lkmsubk mcldkmci cpcr`mt`, qu` `s ic lcmtdaca a` a`t`rbdmcak ed`m k s`rvdldk qu` `i b`rlcak r`qud`r`.

Cmãidsds a`i `mtkrmk b`adcmt` Ics 0 ju`rzcs a` ^krt`r, JKAC, ^@\Q@I, @strct`gdc a` kläcmks czui`s, `mtr` ktrcs

Lkbk ed`m sce`bks tkac `bpr`sc m`l`sdtc um picm a` m`gkldk. @s vdtci ii`vcr c lcek um cmãidsds pr`vdk pkrb`mkrdzcak a`i s`ltkr y `i b`rlcak `m `i qu` p`mscbks ca`mtrcrmks. Ocy 1

 

Pmdv`rsdaca a` Qcilc Jcluitca a` `lkmkbâc y m`gkldks Cuadtkrâc ` dmg`md`râc `m lkmtrki a` g`stdüm

mub`rkscss o`rrcbd`mtcs a` cmãid mub`rksc cmãidsds sds `strctägdlk `strctägdlk qu` mks pu`a`m s`rvdr pcrc pcrc da`mtdjd da`mtdjdlcr  lcr  quä adstdmgu` mu`strc bcrlc a`i r`stk (er`loc) y `icekrcr um eu`m picm a` m`gkldk pcrc mu`strc `bpr`sc. Lkbk pkr `f`bpik6 Ics 0 ju`rzcs a` ^krt`r

@stc o`rrcbd`mtc o`rrcbd`mtc a` cmãid cmãidsds sds `strctägdlk, `strctägdlk, da`cac pkr `i dmg`md`rk y prkj`skr Bdloc`i Bdloc`i ^krt`r  `m 3474, tkacvâc sdgu` vdg`mt`. @i bka`ik a`idbdtc um bcrlk qu` mks p`rbdt` cmcidzcr `i mdv`i a` lkbp`t`mldc a`mtrk a` um s`ltkr pcrc pka`r da`cr, csâ, umc `strct`gdc a` m`gkldk qu` ocgc r`mtcei` mu`strc `bpr`sc. @m `st` s`mtdak, `s da`ci pcrc `icekrcr um picm a` m`gkldk,, acak qu` `s jumacb` m`gkldk jumacb`mtci mtci cmcidzcr cmcidzcr ic lkbp`t`mldc lkbp`t`mldc cmt`s a` lr`cr umc `bpr`sc, pkr  ik qu` `st` bka`ik `s `sp`ld `sp`ldcib`m cib`mt` t` dmt`r`scmt` pcrc `bpr`ma`akr` `bpr`ma`akr`s. s. Ics ldmlk ju`rzcs a` ^krt`r skm ics sdgud`mt`s6 

^ka`r a` m`gkldcldüm a` iks lkbprcakr`s k lid`mt`s

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^ka`r a` m`gkldcldüm a` iks prkv``akr`s k v`ma`akr`s

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Cb`mczc a` mu`vks lkbp`tdakr`s

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Cb`mczc a` prkaultks sustdtutks

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Udvcidaca `mtr` iks lkbp`tdakr`s

Cmãidsds JKAC

@s umc o`rrcbd`mtc a` cmãidsds `strctägdlk qu` mks p`rbdt` cmcidzcr ic sdtucldüm dmt`rmc y `xt`rmc a` umc `bpr`sc k prky`ltk. @s lkbk ocl`r umc jktkgrcjâc a` ic sdtucldüm a` mu`strc `bpr`sc. ^kr `sk, acak qu` `stc sdtucldüm mk `s `stãtdlc, sdmk qu` `vkiuldkmc lkmtdmucb`mt` c ik icrgk a`i td`bpk, ca`bãs a` utdidzcrik pcrc `icekrcr `i picm a` m`gkldk a` mu`strc `bpr`sc, `s eu`mk r`p`tdrik pkst`rdkrb`mt` lcac ld`rtk td`bpk. @i kef`tdvk `s lkmkl`r ic sdtucldüm r`ci `m ic qu` s` `mlu`mtrc ic krgcmdzcldüm, `bpr`sc k prky`ltk `m lcac bkb`mtk y, `m jumldüm a` `iik, picm`cr ic `strct`gdc a` juturk bãs ca`lucac. @i mkber` a` `stc o`rrcbd o`rr cbd`mt `mtcc a` cmãi cmãidsd dsdss `s um clrümd clrümdbk bk a` Jkrt Jkrtci` ci`zcs, zcs, Kpkrtum Kpkrtumdac daca`s, a`s, A`edid A`edidaca` aca`ss y Cb`mczcs. Ics jkrtci`zcs y a`edidaca`s jkrbcm pcrt` a`i cmãidsds dmt`rmk, `s a`ldr, a` ics 0

 

Pmdv`rsdaca a` Qcilc Jcluitca a` `lkmkbâc y m`gkldks Cuadtkrâc ` dmg`md`râc `m lkmtrki a` g`stdüm

lkscs qu` pka`bk pka`bkss lkmtrk lkmtrkicr, icr, bd`mtrcs qu` ics kpkrtumdaca`s kpkrtumdaca`s y ics cb`mczcs jkrbcm pcrt` a`i cmãidsds `xt`rmk, `s a`ldr, lkscs qu` `xt`rmcs c mu`strc `bpr`sc qu` mk pka`bks lkmtrkicr pkrqu` mk a`p`ma`m a` mksktrks. ^crc cmcidzcr iks actks s` `icekrc umc bctrdz6

Cmãidsds dmt`rmk JKUQCI@VC\

Da`mtdjdlcr `m quä a`stclc mu`strc `bpr`sc, luãi`s skm mu`strks pumtks ju`rt`s. ^kr `f`bpik, ocedidaca`s prkj`sdkmci`s y p`rskmci`s6 Lkmkldbd`mtks, dmjkrbcldüm, `xp`rd`mldc, `tl.8 qu` mks adj`r`mldcm a` ic lkbp`t`mldc. A@EDIDACA@\

U`lkm U` lkmkl kl`r `r `m qu quää `st `stcb cbks ks jc jcii iicm cmak ak k qu qu`` mk mkss oc ocl` l` vuim` vuim`rce rcei` i`ss lk lkmm r` r`sp` sp`lt ltkk c ic lkbp`t`mldc. \km jcltkr`s lrâtdlks qu` a`e`bks `idbdmcr k, ci b`mks, trctcr a` r`auldr. ^kr  `f`bpik, t`m`r pklks lkmkldbd`mtks k `xp`rd`mldc sker` cigk qu` m`l`sdtcbks pcrc b`fkrcr  mu`strc sdtucldüm lkbk `bpr`sc. @m `s` lcsk a`e`bks caqudrdriks lucmtk cmt`s k lkmtrctcr c cigud`m qu` iks t`mgc. Cmãidsds `xt`rmk K^KUQPMDACA@\  

Da`mtdjdlcr `i`b`mtks `xt`rmks qu` mks pu`acm e`m`jdldcr k qu` pkacbks cprkv`locr c mu`strk jcvkr `m um bkb`mtk a`t`rbdmcak. \cicrdks a`i b`rlcak, kj`rtc / a`bcmac a` ic  prkj`sdüm, lr`ldbd`mtk a` ic `lkmkbâc, t`ma`mldc a`i m`gkldk. Mk pka`bks lkmtrkicr `s `stks tks `i`b`mtks `xt`rmks, p`rk sd iks da`mtdjdlcbks y skbks pr`vdskr`s pkar`bks cprkv`locriks y sclcri`s `i bcykr pcrtdak. CB@MCVC\

Da`mtdjdlcr pksdei`s cb`mczcs qu` `slcpcm c mu`strk lkmtrki, p`rk qu` pkarâcm acrs`. Pmc v`z bãs, s` trctc a` `i`b`mtks `xt`rmks qu` mk pka`bks lkmtrkicr, p`rk `i o`lok a` :

 

Pmdv`rsdaca a` Qcilc Jcluitca a` `lkmkbâc y m`gkldks Cuadtkrâc ` dmg`md`râc `m lkmtrki a` g`stdüm

da`m da`mtd tdjd jdlc lcrr `st `stks ks rd rd`s `sgks gks k cb`mc cb`mczc zcss cm cmt` t`ss a` qu` s` pr prkau kauzl zlcm cm mk mkss p` p`rb rbdt dtdr drãã `stcr  `stcr   pr`pcrcaks y pkar`bks a`j`ma`rmks b`fkr sd ii`gcm c prkauldrs`. ^kr `f`bpik, prkei`bcs i`gci`s k umc `i`vcac lkbp`t`mldc. Cmãidsds ^@\Q@I

@s umc vcrdcldüm a`i cmt`rdkr qu` cóca` aks jcltkr`s bãs c iks luctrk a`i cmãidsds ^@\Q. Ca`bãs a` t`m`r `m lu`mtc iks jcltkr`s pkiâtdlks, `lkmübdlks, skldci`s y t`lmkiügdlks, s` cmcidzcrãm tcbedäm iks jcltkr`s6 @lkiügdlks6  pkr

`f`bpik, `i lcbedk lidbãtdlk pu`a` t`m`r lkms`lu`mldcs `m adv`rsks

s`ltkr`s lkbk `i turâstdlk k `i a` ics cs`gurcakrcs. Ics i`y`s a` prkt`lldüm b`adkcbed`mtci k ics r`guicldkm`s `m bct`rdc a` g`stdüm a` r`sdauks k a` `m`rgâcs tcbedäm pu`a`m dmjiudr `m umc `bpr`sc. I`gci`s6  i`y` i`y`ss lk lkmt mtrc rc ic ad adslr slrdb dbdm dmcl cldü düm, m, i` i`y`s y`s a` a` a`j`m j`msc sc a` a`ii lk lkmsu msubd bdakr akr,, i` i`y`s y`s cmtdbkmkpki cmtdb kmkpkidk, dk, idl`mldcs, i`gdsi i`gdsicldüm cldüm icekrci, i`y`s a` prkt`ll prkt`lldüm düm a` ic sciua, s`ltkr`s s`ltkr`s lkm umc prkt`lldüm `sp`ldci.

@strct`gdc a`i kläcmk czui

@stc o`rrcbd`mtc, bãs qu` pcrc `icekrcr mu`strk picm a` m`gkldk, `s da`ci pcrc ocl`rmks  p`mscr y vv`r `r lübk lü bk qu` qu`r`bks r`bks `mjklcr mu`strc `bpr`sc. Pmc `strct`gdc `s trct`gdc a` a ` kläcmk czui `s ik qu` pu`a` ii`vcr mu`strc `bpr`sc ci äxdtk äxdtk.. ^kr `sk tkak `bpr`ma`akr a`e`râc lkmkl`r `stc o`rrcbd`mtc y, cmt`s a` bkmtcr su `bpr`sc skócac, a`adlcr um td`bpk c p`mscr luãi pu`a` s`r su `strct`gdc a`i kläcmk czui.

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Pmdv`rsdaca a` Qcilc Jcluitca a` `lkmkbâc y m`gkldks Cuadtkrâc ` dmg`md`râc `m lkmtrki a` g`stdüm

Jcltkr`s lrâtdlks a` äxdtk

Iks jcltkr`s lrâtdlks a` äxdtk skm pumtks licv` qu`, lucmak `stãm ed`m `f`lutcaks, a`jdm`m y gcrcmtdzcm `i a`scrrkiik y lr`ldbd`mtk a` umc `bpr`sc y su m`gkldk, ikgrcmak sus kef`tdvks. ^kr `i lkmtrc lkmtrcrdk, rdk, lucmak `stks bdsbks jcltkr`s s` pcscm pkr citk k s` dgmkrcm, lkmtrdeuy`m lkmtrdeuy`m ci jrclcsk a` ic krgcmdzcldüm. Iks jcltkr`s lrâtdlks a` äxdtk td`m`m qu` ociicrs` c trcväs a` um `stuadk c jkmak a` iks kef`tdvks prkpdks a` ic `bpr`sc, qu` a`rdvcm a` su bdsdüm, su vdsdüm y sus vcikr`s, tkrmãmaks` r`j`r`mldcs keidgctkrdcs y `s`mldci`s pcrc qu` ic `bpr`sc sker`vdvc, pcrc s`r  lkbp`tdtdvc y t`m`r äxdtk, luciqud`rc qu` s`c `i s`gb`mtk. ^kr ktrc pcrt`, iks jcltkr`s lrâtdlks a` äxdtk tcbedäm cyuacm c iks g`r`mt`s c a`jdmdr ics  prdmldpci`s adr`ltrdl`s pcrc ic dbpi`b`mtcldüm a`i lkmtrki a` prkl`sks y ic g`stdüm a` QD `m ic vdac adcrdc y `m `i bka`ik a` cabdmdstrcldüm a` ics `bpr`scs. Cigumks `f`bpiks a` jcltkr`s lrâtdlks a` äxdtk6 Jcltkr`s a` b`rlcak

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Adj`r`mldcldüm a` ^rkaultk

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@stcldkmcidaca

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U`mtcedidaca a` ic Dmaustrdc

Jcltkr`s lkbp`tdtdvks

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Dmt`msdaca Lkbp`tdtdvc

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Grcak a` Lkml`mtrcldüm

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Adspkmdedidaca a` \ustdtutks ?

 

Pmdv`rsdaca a` Qcilc Jcluitca a` `lkmkbâc y m`gkldks Cuadtkrâc ` dmg`md`râc `m lkmtrki a` g`stdüm 

Ecrr`rcs a` `mtrcac

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Ecrr`rcs a` \cidac

Jcltkr`s `lkmübdlks y a` gked`rmk 

Qdpk a` Lcbedk

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\ubdmdstrk a` bcmk a` kerc6

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Dbpu`stks

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Uägdb`m a` dbpkrtcldkm`s

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E`m`jdldk trdeutcrdk

Jcltkr`s t`lmkiügdlks

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U`mkvcldüm a` ^ictcjkrbc Q`lmkiügdlc

Jcltkr`s skldci`s

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Dbpcltks @lkiügdlks

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^rkt`lldüm a`i Lkmsubdakr 

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Ätdlc a` Qrcecfk

4

 

Pmdv`rsdaca a` Qcilc Jcluitca a` `lkmkbâc y m`gkldks Cuadtkrâc ` dmg`md`râc `m lkmtrki a` g`stdüm

Lkmliusdüm

^crc jdmcidzcr lkm `i cmãidsds a` er`locs a`e`bks lkmsda`rcr vcrdks pumtks dbpkrtcmt`s c ic okrc a` tkbcr umc `strct`gdc, pcrc pka`r ikgrcr iks kef`tdvks a` ic `bpr`sc, `m jumldüm a` ket`m`r ld`rtk pkrl`mtcf` a` ic dmaustrdc, lr`l`r `lkmübdlcb`mt`, ket`m`r umc v`mtcfc lkbp`tdtdvc, `mtr` ktrcs. Lkm `stk pkar`bks ket`m`r umc v`mtcfc r`sp`ltk a` iks a`bãs lkbp`tdakr`s y csâ utdidzcr ic b`fkr `strct`gdc pcrc mu`strk e`m`jdldk.

3>

 

Pmdv`rsdaca a` Qcilc Jcluitca a` `lkmkbâc y m`gkldks Cuadtkrâc ` dmg`md`râc `m lkmtrki a` g`stdüm

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