@DÀHNYO G@ N@ENHNG@GO V GO QUKCOWK @dboh` @p`roing` Bkgkn gk @l`r`h Erkim
Ìikdos @fnrl`âék
Iurnksng`go
@ssnst` Gni`s Enkbr`fn` Osih`roinlodtk Ikdiontk Ikdtoxtk
Oxolphk
Yulàrnk @prosodt`âék ....................... @prosodt`âék ................................................ .................................................. .................................................. .......................................... ................. 2 Ks `utkros ...................... ............................................... .................................................. .................................................. ................................................ ....................... = I`pìtuhk 0 @s vàrn`s ot`p`s go ul prkcotk ............................................... ........................................................................ ........................................ ............... > 0.0 Ngon`s dék sék snd÷dnlks go kpkrtudng`gos kpkr tudng`gos .......................................................... .......................................................... 01 0.5 Ikdi Ikdiontks ontks prohnlnd`ro prohnlnd`ross go prkcotk ............................................................. ........................................................................... .............. 00 0.9 Ih`ssnffi`â Ih`ssnffi`âÿos ÿos go prkcotks ............................................................. ...................................................................................... ............................. 05 0.9.0 Yobudgk ` `tnvng`go oikd÷lni` ......................................................................................................................... 09 0.9.5 Yobudgk ` krnbol ............................................................................................................................................... 09 0.9.9 Yobudgk ` ffd`hng`go .......................................................................................................................................... 09 0.9.7 Ol vnrtugo g` ffd`hng`go ` quo k prkcotk so gostnd` .......................................................................................... 07
0.7 Ot`p`s go ul prkcotk ...................................................... ............................................................................... ........................................ ............... 0? 0.? Ostugk go lori`gk ............................................................. ...................................................................................... ..................................... ............ 02 0.?.0 @spoitks l`irkoikd÷lniks ................................................................................................................................ 02 0.?.0.0 Wodgãdin`s d`inkd`ns o ndtord`inkd`ns ............................................................................................................. 02 0.?.0.5 V`rnàvons quo `fot`l k prkcotk ......................................................................................................................... 02 0.?.5 @spoitks lnirkoikd÷lniks ................................................................................................................................. 0> 0.?.5.0 Gol`dg` .......................................................................................................................................................... 0> 0.?.5.5 Ostrutur`s go lori`gk ikdsulngkr o fkrdoiogkr ........................................................................................... 50 0.?.5.9 Inihk go vng` gk prkgutk .................................................................................................................................. 55 0.?.5.7 Br`u go oh`stning`go ......................................................................................................................................... 59 0.?.5.? Ot`p`s gk ostugk go lori`gk .......................................................................................................................... 56
0.6 Goinsék go ndnin`r ul prkcotk3 Bk/Dk Bk ...................... ............................................... ......................................... ................ 52 0.6.0 @dàhnso qu`dtnt`tnv` o tkl`g` go goinsék .......................................................................................................... 5> 0.6.0.0 @ `dàhnso YRKW d` tkl`g` go goinsék ........................................................................................................... 5>
Uoforãdin`s ...................... ............................................... .................................................. .................................................. ............................................. .................... 95 I`pìtuhk 5 K quo o iklk f`zor ....................... ................................................ .................................................. .................................................. ............................... ...... 99 5.0 Ostrutur` gk prkcotk .............................................................. ....................................................................................... .................................. ......... 97 5.0.0 @v`hn`âék go `spoitks tîidniks ........................................................................................................................... 97 5.0.0.0 Gotorlnd`âék gk vkhulo go prkguâék/kfort` go sorvnâk .............................................................................. 97 5.0.0.5 Gotorlnd`âék gk prkiossk go prkguâék/kfort` gk sorvnâk ............................................................................ 97 5.0.0.9 Ngodtnffi`âék g` doiossng`go go ostkquos o roh`inkd`lodtk roh`inkd`lodtk ikl fkrdoiogkros fkrdoiogkros ............................. ........... .................................. ................ 9? 5.0.0.7 Krb`dnz`âék gks ſtuxks go tr`e`hmk o prop`r`âék go gn`br`l`s go B`dtt o irkdkbr`l`s ........................... 96 5.0.5 Ostrutur` curìgni` o trneutàrn` .............................................................................................................................. 92 5.0.5.0 Wnpks go olpros`s o ph`doc`lodtk trneutàrnk ................................................................................................. 9> 5.0.5.0.0 Ynstol` Ynlphos D`inkd`h ............................................................................................................................. 70 5.0.5.5 Ikdtr`tks ........................................................................................................................................................... 75 5.0.5.9 Doiossng`go go `qunsnâék/gopùsntk go prkprnog`go ndgustrn`h ku hniodâ`s ................................................... 79 5.0.5.7 Puostÿos `lenodt`ns ........................................................................................................................................ 77 5.0.9 Ostugk g` hki`hnz`âék gk prkcotk ........................................................................................................................ 7? 5.0.9.0 Kfort` go ndsulks o lék go ker` ................................................................................................................... 72 5.0.9.5 I`d`ns go gnstrneunâék ...................................................................................................................................... 7= 5.0.9.9 Ndiodtnvks póehniks ........................................................................................................................................... 7> 5.0.9.7 Lîtkgk go osikhm` ........................................................................................................................................... ?1 5.0.9.? Yt`rtups o o su`s poiuhn`rng`gos ......................................................................................................................... ?1
Uoforãdin`s ...................... ............................................... .................................................. .................................................. ............................................. .................... ??
I`pìtuhk 9 Yustodt`enhng`go oikd÷lnik-ffd`dionr` gk prkcotk ..................................................... ..................................................... ?2 9.0 Ndgni`gkros Ndgn i`gkros go gosolpodmk ffd`dionrk ........................ ................................................ ......................................... ................. 61 9.0.0 Ìdgnio go hnqungoz ................................................................................................................................................. 61 9.0.5 Wolpk Wolpk go roiupor`âék gk ndvostnlodtk ( p`ye`ij ) ............................................................................................ 60 9.0.9 V`hkr Qrosodto Hìqungk (VQH) ............................................................................................................................... 65 9.0.7 W`x` Ndtord` go Uotkrdk (WNU) .............................................................................................................................. 69
9.5 Qrkcot`r roiont`s kpor`inkd`ns ....................... ................................................ .................................................. ................................. ........ 67 9.9 Qrkcot`r ndvostnlodtks n dvostnlodtks,, iustks o gospos`s ........................ ................................................. ..................................... ............ 66 9.9.0 Ndvostnlodtk o irkdkbr`l` go nlph`dt`âék ...................................................................................................... 6= 9.9.5 Iustks o goproin`âék ........................................................................................................................................... 6> 9.9.5.0 Gospos`s kpor`inkd`ns ..................................................................................................................................... 6> 9.9.5.5 Iustks prkgutnvks ............................................................................................................................................. 21 9.9.5.9 Goproin`âék ...................................................................................................................................................... 25 9.9.9 Oh`ekr`âék gk ſtuxk go i`nx` ............................................................................................................................... 25
9.7 Ngodtnffi`âÿos g` doiossng`go go ffd`din`lodtk ................................................... ................................................... 29 9.? Qkdt Qkdtkk go oqunhìernk ...................... .............................................. ................................................. .................................................. ............................. 26 9.?.0 @phni`âék g` `dàhnso go sodsnenhng`go p`r` k pkdtk go oqunhìernk ..................................................................... 2=
9.6 @dàhnso oikd÷lnik-ffd`dionr` ..................................................................... ................................................................................ ........... 2= 9.2 Yt`rtups o o su`s ospoinffing`gos go ffd`din`lodtk ................................................. ................................................. 2> Uoforãdin`s ......................... .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ......................................... ................ =0
I`pìtuhk 7 Ostnl`tnv` go rnsiks o prkguâék go roh`tùrnks ......................................................... ............................................................... ...... =9 7.0 Gnforodin`dgk Gnf orodin`dgk rnsik go ndiortoz` ........................ ................................................. .................................................. ............................ ... =9 7.0.0 Krnbol gks rnsiks ................................................................................................................................................ =? 7.0.5 Gnspksnâék p`r` `iont`r rnsiks .............................................................................................................................. =2
7.5 Lîtkgks go `v`hn`âék go rnsik ............................................................ ................................................................................ .................... == 7.5.0 @dàhnso go rogos go `tnvng`gos ...................... .............................................. ................................................. .............................. ..... => 7.5.0.0 Gn`br`l` go sot`s ............................................................................................................................................ => 7.5.0.5 Gn`br`l` go i`lndmk irìtnik (QOUW) ............................................................................................................... >1 7.5.5 Àrvkro go goinsÿos ............................................................................................................................................... >0 7.5.9 Ostnl`tnv`s go v`hkr ospor`gk ............................................................................................................................. >7 7.5.7 @dàhnso go sodsnenhng`go ...................................................................................................................................... >7 7.5.? Ynluh`âÿos ........................................................................................................................................................... >6 7.5.6 Ikdstruâék go iodàrnks ........................................................................................................................................ >2 7.5.2 @dàhnso pkr kpâÿos ro`ns ...................................................................................................................................... >2
7.9 Bosték go rnsiks ....................................................................... ................................................................................................ .............................. ..... 01 015 5 7.7 Uoh`tùrnks borodin`ns ......................... .................................................. .................................................. ........................................... .................. 01 019 9 7.7.0 Yulàrnk oxoiutnvk ............................................................................................................................................. 019 7.7.5 Ikdsngor`âÿos bor`ns ......................................................................................................................................... 01?
Uoforãdin`s ........................ ................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ ............... 016
@prosodt`âék
@dàhnso o ul` lotkgkhkbn` oi`z sék fudg`lodt`ns p`r` ` oh`ekr`âék go ul ekl prkcotk. K prosodto hnvrk krb`dnz`-so go lkgk ` porlntnr ` iklproodsék go i`g` i`pìtuhk ndgopodgodtolodto g` hontur` gks gol`ns, olekr` snb` ul` soquãdin` hùbni`, d` qu`h sék `prosodt`gks ks tnpks go prkcotks, su` nlpkrtådin` o ul` prnlonr` `prkxnl`âék ikl k ludgk ro`h pkr lonk gk ostugk go lori`gk.
Osto l`torn`h eusi` olprob`r ul` hndbu`bol go fàinh iklproodsék p`r` `quohos quo tãl pkui` f`lnhn`rng`go ikl `s àro`s go d`dâ` o ph`doc`lodtk. K prnlonrk i`pìtuhk ovngodin` `s vàrn`s ot`p`s go ul prkcotk gost`i`dgk `s nduãdin`s lnirk o l`irkoikd÷lni`s gur`dto ` tr`dsfkrl`âék go ul` ngon` ol dobùink. Dk sobudgk i`pìtuhk î `prosodt`gk ul p`ssk ` p`ssk ikl `s ot`p`s fudg`lodt`ns quo ostrutur`l k prkcotk, g`dgk gost`quo p`r` ul tnpk ospoin`h go prkcotk ’ `s st`rtups. K torionrk i`pìtuhk ikdiodtr`-so d` `dàhnso d`dionr`, prkcot`dgk o `v`hn`dgk rosuht`gks go fkrl` ` porlntnr ` iklp`r`âék gks rodgnlodtks ketngks pohk prkcotk ikl kutr`s kpâÿos go ndvostnlodtk.
K óhtnlk i`pìtuhk î gogni`gk á `dàhnso go rnsiks o prkpÿo `htord`tnv`s p`r` ovntà-hks ku roguznr su` ndtodsng`go o prke`enhng`go go kikrrãdin`.
@ `utkr` @dboh` Erkim î Lostro ol Gosodvkhvnlodtk Oikd÷lnik poh` _dnvorsng`go Fogor`h gk
Q`r`dà (_FQU, 5111), Ospoin`hnst` ol Oikdkln` go Olpros`s ’ Àro` Fnd`dionr` poh` Qkdtnfìin` _dnvorsng`go I`tùhni` go I`lpnd`s (Q_I-I`lpnd`s, 0>>6) o Br`gu`g` ol Inãdin`s Oikd÷lni`s poh` losl` ndstntunâék (Q_I-I`lpnd`s, 0>>?). @tu` iklk prkfosskr` udnvorsntàrn` o î olprosàrn`. Iurrìiuhk H`ttos3 8h`ttos.idpq.er/?97=>9=960662=254
@ Gous, quo qu o gn`rn`lodto dks ikdiogo tkgks ks gkds. Á f`lìhn`, quo qu o lo `pkn` o ndiodtnv`, ikdguzndgk lou khm`r `ks mkrnzkdtos l`ns eohks. @ks `lnbks, quo p`rtnhm`l p`r tnhm`l go tkgks ks lklodtks, gnsiutndgk o `uxnhn`dgk d`s posquns`s o d` roiupor`âék go `hbul`s ndfkrl`âÿos. @ks `hudks o ox-`hudks, quo dks ndstnb`l d` eusi` pohk ostront`lodtk gks h`âks toùrniks toùrn iks ikl ` pràtni` kpor`inkd`h. O, pkr fl, á oqunpo go IOG g` _dnvorsng`go
Qksntnvk, poh` p`inãdin` o porsnstãdin` d` oh`ekr`âék o `iklp`dm`lodtk gosto prkcotk.
0 @s vàrn`s ot`p`s go ul prkcotk
@ inãdin` oikd÷lni` tr`e`hm` ikl k prndiìpnk g` osi`ssoz vorsus doiossng`gos nhnlnt`g`s, pkr nssk eusi`-so l`xnlnz`r rosuht`gks. O î doss` ostonr` quo ` oh`ekr`âék o ` `dàhnso go ul prkcotk odikdtr`l oik, vnstk quo porlntol, go fkrl` r`inkd`h, `dtovor `s nlerni`âÿos go ul prkiossk irn`tnvk quo tol pkr fnd`hng`go bor`r ul prkgutk ku sorvnâk, irn`dgk v`hkr o bor`dgk eol-ost`r á skinog`go. Ikl k ndtuntk go oxphnint`r ` nlpkrtådin` gk ph`doc`lodtk p`r` ` ketodâék go rosuht`gks ktnlnz`gkros, sék `prosodt`g`s `s vàrn`s ot`p`s go ul prkcotk, quo pkgo sor `g`pt`gk t`dtk p`r` ` ikdstruâék go ul` ndgóstrn` ku `lphn`âék go ul` osikh` qu`dtk p`r` k h`dâ`lodtk go ul dkvk logni`lodtk, odtro kutrks.
` n h k t k F / / h ` j i ` C r k g d ` Y ©
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
01
0.0 Ngon`s dék sék sék snd÷dnlks go kpkrt kpkrtudng`gos udng`gos Qods`lks luntk, k tolpk tkgk. Iklk ikdsoquãdin` gnssk, ul` prkfusék go ngon`s, quo pkgol sor f`itìvons ku dék, î bor`g`. Yobudgk Dkerob` o Hnl` (5101), dk i`lpk gks dobùinks, ` ikdgnâék p`r` quo ul` ngon` soc` ro`hnz`g` î quo oh` `prosodto lonks p`r` ` roskhuâék go `hbul prkehol`, nstk î, quo su` lnssék soc` ohnlnd`r ikdtr`gnâÿos. Ikl nssk, eusi`-so osih`roior quo dék mà doiossng`go go `s ngon`s sorol ‘ódni`s“ ku ‘rovkhuinkdàrn`s“, l`s, prndinp`hlodto, quo roskhv`l prkehol`s, `todgodgk ` doiossng`gos porioeng`s (prkgutks oxnstodtos) ku dék porioeng`s (prkgutks dkvks). Ikl k kecotnvk go tr`dsfkrl`r ngon` ol dobùink, go fkrl` ` ketor suiossk, î fudg`lodt`h kuvnr k ihnodto o ks st`jomkhgors, ohodi`r gnspkdnenhng`gos o prke`enhng`gos. Q`r` nssk, utnhnz`-so ` `dàhnso go vn`enhng`go go prkcotks.
D` gîi`g` go 0>=1, or` `iontk quo iortk poriodtu`h go i`rrks `prosodt`sso `hbul gofontk go f`erni`âék. Ks c`pkdosos rocont`r`l osso pods`lodtk gklnd`dto, prkiur`r`l ` i`us` o roguznr`l k gofontk ` zork. Mkco, sous lîtkgks go prkguâék sék ikpn`gks ol tkgk k ludgk (DKEUOB@: HNL@, HNL@ , 5101, p. 72. @g`pt`gk.). @g`pt`gk.).
Qrkehol`/ Kpkrtudng`go
@dàhnso
Yuiossk
Qrkcotk/Ykhuâék
` s k U o d ` n b o U 3 k i f à r B d b n s o G
@pùs ngodtnfni`âék o `dàhnso go ul prkehol`, î pkssìvoh nlph`dt`r ul prkcotk p`r` skhuinkdà-hk. K suiossk gk prkcotk gopodgo go su` ostrutur`âék o borodin`lodtk.
prkgutk k î utnhnz`g` iklk snd÷dnlk go eods o sorvnâks, vnstk quo ` @k hkdbk gosto l`torn`h ` p`h`vr` prkgut tîidni` go `dàhnso go prkcotks pkgo sor `g`pt`g` p`r` ul` v`rnog`go go `tnvng`gos prkgutnv`s, ndihusnvo p`r` `s àro`s toidkhùbni`s, quo tãl g`gk krnbol ás st`rtups.
@ fnhlkbr`fn` skero prkcotks î oxtods`, dk odt`dtk, roiklodg`lks quo vkiã `ssnst` `k fnhlo K Vkk g` Fãdnx, gnrnbngk pkr Ckmd Lkkro, quo `ekrg` ` ikdstruâék go ul `vnék.
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
00
0.5 Ikdiontks prohnlnd`ros go prkcotk _l prkcotk î ul` forr`lodt` quo `uxnhn` d` tkl`g` go goinsék. Î pkssìvoh ikdstrunr gnforodtos lkg`hng`gos go prkcotks, i`g` qu`h ikl ospoini`âÿos `cust`g`s ás skhuskhu âÿos d`s qu`ns sorék ndtobr`gks. Î pkssìvoh, t`leîl, lodsur`r rosuht`gks go ul prkcotk utnhnz`dgk irntîrnks qu`dtnt`tnvks ku qu`hnt`tnvks, vnstk quo `hbuds `prosodt`l oxtord`hng`gos pksntnv`s o dob`tnv`s sol, ikdtugk, bor`r ul uxk go i`nx` pksntnvk.
‘Pu`dgk ul prkcotk î eol ostrutur`gk o so gosodvkhvo tr`dqunh`lodto, sous gos`fnks pkgol sor ostnluh`dtos o pr`zorksks. L`s sodgk l`hgofndngk ku l`h borodin`gk pkgo so tkrd`r ul pos`gohk p`r` tkgks ks odvkhvngks, rosuht`r ol gos`stro fnd`dionrk o procugni`r lunt`s i`rronr`s prklnsskr`s“. U`hpm Joohndb
Ol vnrtugo go sor ul` ikdcoitur` go sntu`âÿos futur`s, ul prkcotk tr`z ol sn iortk br`u go ndiortoz`, vnstk quo ` olpros` ku k ndgnvìg ndgnvìguk uk quo nrék goho so v`hor osték ndsorngks ol ul `lenodto oikd÷lnik nlprovnsìvoh, o dék iklphot`lodto ikdtrkhàvoh.
` n h k t k F / / e e k b r o s ©
Qkgolks int`r, iklk oxolphk go gosiklp`ssk odtro prkcotk o oxoiuâék, ul` olpros` er`snhonr` go oxtr`âék go potrùhok o bàs quo ikdstntunu su` e`so tîidni` ikl ospoin`hnst`s ol prkspoiâék go potrùhok o bàs d`tur`h, l`s dodmul ospoin`hnst` ol gosodvkhvnlodtk go prkguâék. Ol kutr`s p`h`vr`s, ` olpros` tndm` ul` oqunpo prop`r`g` p`r` hki`hnz`r `s l`tîrn`s-prnl`s, l`s dndbuîl ikl qu`hnfni`âék tîidni` sufninodto p`r` `v`hn`r so or` oikdklni`lodto vnàvoh oxtr`ì-h`s.
Ol oikdkln` `ssulo-so quo `âÿos go ul `bodto oikd÷lnik ’ olpros` ku ndgnvìguk ’ pkgol `fot`r, pksntnv` ku dob`tnv`lodto, kutr`s olpros`s ku ndgnvìguks. Oss` roh`âék î im`l`g` go oxtord`hng`go, o pkgo sor pksntnv` ku dob`tnv`.
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
Î fàinh porioeor quo ks prkcotks `prosodt`l ul` br`dgo luhtnphning`go go tnpks, v`rn`dgk g` snlphos prkspoiâék go ul` ngon`/skhuâék `tî ul ph`doc`lodtk ikl ohov`gk dìvoh go got`hm`lodtk. Á logng` quo ul prkcotk so `vkhul` ol dìvons go got`hm`lodtk, t`leîl irosio ` gol`dg` pkr roiursks, k quo lunt`s vozos ikdguz ks `bodtos oikd÷lniks ` prkguznrol ostugks ikl e`nx` `gorãdin` `k prkiossk bhke`h quo ostà sodgk ndvostnb`gk. Î pkssìvoh oh`ekr`r ul prkcotk ikl ` fnd`hng`go go irn`r, oxp`dgnr ku ndikrpkr`r ul` olpros` o/ku ul` dkv` udng`go go dobùinks, go gosodvkhvor ul` suestådin` quìlni`, go irn`r ul skftw`ro ku ul woesnto p`r` ` vodg` go ul` oxtord`hng`go pksntnv`, iklk î k i`sk gk lori`gk go irîgntks go i`rekdk. Oho pkgo t`leîl sor `phni`gk d` ro`hnz`âék go ul ovodtk `rtìstnik, d` ikdstruâék go ul oqunp`lodtk póehnik ku d` prkspoiâék go skhuâÿos p`r` ikdfhntks ndtordks go ul` olpros`. Ol tkg`s oss`s sntu`âÿos, tr`e`hm`-so ikl ` goinsék go ndvostnlodtk p`r` ` iklend`âék go roiursks toidkhùbniks, mul`dks o d`dionrks p`r` ` bor`âék go ul eol ku sorvnâk quo `prosodt` `hbul` vn`enhng`go oikd÷lnik-d`dionr`. W`leîl î pkssìvoh utnhnz`r k ikdiontk go prkcotk p`r` k borodin`lodtk go `tnvng`gos quo, iklend`g`s, prkguzol gotorlnd`gk rosuht`gk. Iklk oxolphk, pkgolks int`r ` nlph`dt`âék, pkr ul` olpros` go skftw`ro, go ul prkiossk go v`hng`âék quo roguz` `k làxnlk ` oxnstãdin` go orrks, ks im`l`gks eubs go snstol`. Dosso i`sk, k prkcotk sorvo go e`so p`r` ` oxoiuâék g` `âék, ikl k kecotnvk go r`inkd`hnz`r ks roiursks doiossàrnks o b`r`dtnr k iulprnlodtk g`s lot`s. Ol robr`, ul prkcotk `prosodt` qu`trk oholodtks3 osikpk, iustk, ius tk, pr`zk o qu`hng`go.
_l Ykdmk go Hneorg`go, gnroâék go Fr`dj G`r`ekdt, o @rbk , gnroâék go Eod @ffhoij, @ff hoij, sék fnhlos
quo tr`zol oxolphks go ph`doc`lodtk.
0.9 Ih`ssnffi`âÿos go prkcotks Qrkcotk î k rosuht`gk g` iklend`âék go f`tkros o ndfkrl`âÿos krb`dnz`gks go fkrl` ` `uxnhn`r dk prkiossk go tkl`g` go goinsék. Qkgol sor ih`ssnfni`gks sobudgk gnforodtos `spoitks, iklk vorolks ` sobunr.
05
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
09
0.9.0 Yobudgk ` `tnvng`go oikd÷lni`
` n h k t k F / / j y r u z ` L ` h k j y L ©
Qrnlàrnk ’ @brìikh`3 prkcotks vkht`gks `k `brkdobùink, go prkguâék `brìikh` ku oxtr`âék vobot`h.
` n h k t k F / / s o b ` l n y j i k t s ©
` n h k t k F / / m i n r h _ t ` D ©
Yoiudgàrnk ’ Ndgustrn`h3 soblodtks ndgustrn`ns quo tr`dsfkrl`l l`tîrn`s-prnl`s ol dkvks prkgutks.
Worinàrnk ’ Yorvnâks.
0.9.5 Yobudgk ` krnbol • Qrnv`gks3 krnudgks g` ndnin`tnv` prnv`g`, `brob`l ` l`nkr p`rto gks `bodtos oikd÷lniks, oxiotk k sotkr póehnik. Bor`hlodto tr`e`hm`l ikl k kecotnvk go `ufornr huirk `k ndvostnlodtk. • Qóehniks3 ` kfort` go eods ku sorvnâks govo sor ro`hnz`g` poh` `glndnstr`âék póehni` p`r` `todgor ás gol`dg`s g` pkpuh`âék. Ossos prkcotks, ol su` l`nkrn`, sék fnd`din`gks pkr roiursks bkvord`lodt`ns. • Lnstks ’ Q`riorn`s Qóehnik-Qrnv`g`s (QQQ)3 î ul ikdtr`tk go prost`âék go ker`s ku sorvnâks dék ndfornkr ` U$ 51 lnhmÿos, ikl gur`âék lìdnl` go ? o làxnl` go 9? `dks, rl`gk odtro olpros` prnv`g` o bkvordk fogor`h, ost`gu`h ku ludninp`h. Doss` suegnvnsék, odikdtr`l-so `hbuds prkcotks go ndfr`ostrutur` quo, ol vnrtugo gk vkhulo go ndvostnlodtks o k hkdbk pr`zk go rotkrdk, roquorol ` ikdstntunâék go ul` p`riorn` odtro ndnin`tnv` póehni` o prnv`g`.
0.9.9 Yobudgk ` ffd`hng`go • Qrkcotk go nlph`dt`âék3 qu`dgk g` fkrl`âék go ul dobùink dkvk, pkr p`rp`rto go gotorlnd`gk `bodto oikd÷lnik. Oxolphk3 ` fàerni` go pnikhîs Boh`tk Gnhottk, olekr` `tu`dgk ol ul soblodtk ndgustrn`h cà tr`gninkd`h, ndkv` `k ikdstntunr ul lori`gk bkur bkurlot lot .
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
• Qrkcotk go oxp`dsék, `lphn`âék ku lkgordnz`âék. • Qrkcotk go rohki`hnz`âék3 qu`dgk ` nlph`dt`âék ndnin`h kesorv` irntîrnks go prkprkxnlng`go `k lori`gk ikdsulngkr o osso lori`gk lug` ol fudâék gk inihk go vng` gk prkgutk. W`leîl qu`dgk sék utnhnz`gks eodofìinks si`ns, quo pkgol ioss`r ` qu`hquor lklodtk. • Qrkcotk go gnvorsnfni`âék3 qu`dgk ks `bodtos oikd÷lniks, ospoin`hlodto prnprn v`gks, eusi`l gnvorsnfni`r ks ndvostnlodtks ol oxp`dsÿos (vortni`h o mkrnzkdt`h), ol gnforodtos soblodtks, v`rn`dgk ` ndtr`ndgóstrn`, ku ol gnforodtos ndgóstrn`s ku soblodtks prkgutnvks. Gkns oxolphks gosso tnpk go gnvorsnfni`âék sék ` mkhgndb OE], quo ro`hnzku ndtobr`âék vortni`h o mkrnzkdt`h, o k Brupk B`r`dtn`, quo prklkvou gnvorsnfni`âék mkrnzkdt`h. _l prkcotk `prosodt` ul inihk go vng` quo so ndnin` ikl ` poriopâék go ul` kpkrtudng`go go dobùink ku g` doiossng`go go skhuâék p`r` ul prkehol`, o, d` soquãdin`, p`ss` pkr vàrn`s f`sos, i`g` ul` ikl ospoinfning`go, rntlk o iustk prùprnks.
0.9.7 Ol vnrtugo g` ffd`hng`go ` quo k prkcotk so gostnd` • Qrkcotk go vn`enhng`go oikd÷lni`3 qu`dgk mà doiossng`go go `v`hn`r so k lorlori`gk ikdsulngkr sustodt` k ndvostnlodtk i`p`z go bor`r rotkrdk `inl` g` lîgn` go lori`gk. @phni`-so ` l`ns go =1% gks prkcotks gosodvkhvngks. • Qrkcotk go fd`din`lodtk3 pkgo gornv`r gk prkcotk go vn`enhng`go oikd÷lni`, qu`dgk so ngodtni` ul` kpkrtudng`go go dobùink quo roquor ul vkhulo go ndnd vostnlodtk luntk `inl` gks roiursks gnspkdìvons poh` olpros`. Doss` sntu`âék, k prkcotk govorà sor `g`pt`gk ol vnrtugo gk tnpk go fkrdoiogkr go roiursks, ùrbék go fklodtk, ndstntunâÿos d`dionr`s póehni`s ku prnv`g`s, vodturo i`pnt`h , odtro kutrks. • Qrkcotk go `iklp`dm`lodtk o `v`hn`âék3 fudinkd` iklk forr`lodt` go ikdikd trkho gopkns quo ` goinsék go ndvostnr î tkl`g`, go fkrl` ` b`r`dtnr quo `s ot`p`s ph`doc`g`s soc`l iulprng`s godtrk g`s lîtrni`s ostnpuh`g`s.
Gnvorsnfni`âék mkrnzkdt`h î qu`dgk sék fontks ndvostnlodtks ol prkgutks roh`inkd`gks `k prkgutk krnbnd`h, `prkvont`dgk ks i`d`ns go gnstrneunâék. Gnvorsnfni`âék vortni`h (ndtobr`âék) î qu`dgk k ndvostnlodtk î fontk ol gnforodtos ostàbnks g` i`gon` prkgutnv`, g` prkguâék go ndsulks `tî k prkgutk fnd`h.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
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0.7 Ot`p`s go ul prkcotk _l prkcotk `prosodt` ul inihk go vng` quo so ndnin` ikl ` poriopâék go ul` kpkrtudng`go go dobùink ku g` doiossng`go go skhuâék p`r` ul prkehol`, o, d` soquãdin`, p`ss` pkr vàrn`s f`sos, i`g` ul` ikl ospoinfning`go, rntlk o iustk prùprnks.
Ot`p`s go ul prkcotk
` s k U o d ` n b o U 3 k i f à r B d b n s o G
Erkim im @fnrl`âék3 ‘K i`lndmk l`ns ofotnvk gk prkehol` `k suiossk p`ss` pkr ul prkcotk“. @. Erk
@ f`so go ostugks prohnlnd`ros tol ul `spoitk `lphk, quo `ssulo kecotnvks gnstndtks ol vnrtugo g` krnbol gk sotkr quo k ikdioeo. Yo fkr krnbndàrnk gk sotkr prnv`gk, k prkcotk govorà kesorv`r ` porspoitnv` go gol`dg` p`r` ostnl`r ` prkcoâék go roiont`s go fkrl` ` bor`r rodt`enhng`go. Yo fkr krnbndàrnk gk sotkr póehnik, govo ikdsngor`r k nlp`itk skinkoikd÷lnik, vns`dgk l`ns eodofìinks ikl k lodkr iustk pkssìvoh. K dólork go f`sos go ul prkcotk pkgo v`rn`r ol fudâék g` ikdiopâék gk sou `utkr ku brupk quo k ikdioeo, ku g` iklphoxng`go go su` oxoiuâék. Joohndb (5115), pkr oxolphk, gnvngo k prkcotk ol 7 f`sos, o `s suegnvngo ol 05 ovodtks. Go fkrl` bor`h, ndnin`-so ikl ` eusi` pkr ul` skhuâék p`r` ul prkehol` vnvodin`gk poh` olpros` ku poh` poriopâék go ul` kpkrtudng`go go lori`gk. Q`ss` p`r` ul` f`so go ostugks prohnlnd`ros, ph`doc`lodtk, nlph`dt`âék o ikdihusék. Yuboro-so quo k bostkr ku hìgor gk prkcotk ikdguz` tkg`s `s f`sos, l`s quo i`g` ul` soc` gosodvkhvng` pkr gnforodtos oqunpos, ol vnrtugo g` ospoining`go go i`g` p`rto o p`r` ovnt`r quo so odikdtrol rospkst`s/skhurospkst`s/skhu âÿos ‘vnin`g`s“.
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
06
Uoh`âÿos odtro `s ot`p`s gk prkcotk @lenodto l`irkoikd÷ln l`irkoikd÷lnik ik
Qrkehol`/ngon`/kpkrtudng`go
Ostugks go vn`enhng`go
Ostugk go lori`gk
Ndvostnb`âék toidkhùbni`
@spoitks lnirk o l`irkoikd÷lniks
@spoitks tîidniks
Ostugk go hki`hnz`âék
@spoitks `glndnstr`tnvks
I`d`ns go gnstrneunâék
Vkhulo go prkguâék
Ndvostnb`âék curìgni`
Krb`dnz`âék oikd÷lni`/ikdtàenh Puostÿos `lenodt`ns Ikdtr`tks o hniodâ`s
Iustks go prkguâék
Iustks go iklorin`hnz`âék
Fhuxk go i`nx` Doiossng`go go ffd`din`lodtk
Qroâk go vodg`
@v`hn`âék go rnsiks
Uoh`tùrnk borodin`h
@v`hn`âÿos oikd÷lni`s o ffd`dionr`s
` s k U o d ` n b U o 3 k i f à r B d b n s o G
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
02
0.? Ostugk go lori`gk Wkg`s `s ot`p`s gk prkcotk sék go oxtrol` nlpkrtådin`, l`s î k ostugk go lori`gk quo bor` ` e`so p`r` `s gol`ns ot`p`s. Qkrt`dtk, ul` f`hm` doss` f`so pkgo iklprklotor tkgk k prkcotk. Ostugk go lori`gk î k rosuht`gk go ul ikdcudtk go `tnvng`gos iuck kecotnvk î ngodtnfni`r ` gol`dg` go iortk eol ku sorvnâk o k ndtorv`hk go proâk ol quo oho pkgo sor iklorin`hnz`gk. @ iklend`âék goss`s ndfkrl`âÿos porlnto `v`hn`r k nlp`itk o ks rosuht`gks go ndvostnlodtks, ikdsngor`dgk ` huir`tnvng`go. @ p`rtnr gk ostugk go lori`gk, î pkssìvoh gotorlnd`r quo tnpk go prkehol` k eol ku k sorvnâk nrà roskhvor, ngodtni`dgk su` lnssék, k lori`gk-`hvk, ks i`d`ns go l`rjotndb, `s ikdgnâÿos o ks i`d`ns go gnstrneunâék, k ndtorv`hk go proâk pkr lonk gk inihk go vng` o ` f`tn` go lori`gk. K ostugk go lori`gk ol sn î roh`tnv`lodto snlphos, ikdtugk, k ikdmoinlodtk dk soblodtk go `tu`âék î fudg`lodt`h p`r` quo so ngodtnfnquol ks `spoitks l`ns rohov`dtos p`r` k prkcotk ol quosték. Ol vnrtugo go su` `er`dbãdin`, suboro-so quo osso ostugk soc` soblodt`gk ol `spoitks lnirk o l`irkoikd÷lnik.
0.?.0 @spoitks l`irkoikd÷lniks 0.?.0.0 Wodgãdin`s d`inkd`ns o ndtord`inkd`ns @s oxtord`hng`gos o nlphni`âÿos g` oikdkln` bhke`hnz`g` pkgol sor pksntnv`s o dob`tnv`s. Qksntnv`s pkrquo î pkssìvoh utnhnz`r toidkhkbn` go ‘óhtnl` bor`âék“, fkrdoiogkros go gnforodtos p`ìsos o `lphn`r k lori`gk vodgodgk p`r` ihnodtos gk ludgk ndtonrk, iklk î k i`sk gks prkgutks tr`g`ehos. Dob`tnv`s pkrquo k prkgutk ku sorvnâk ikdikrro ikl gnforodtos robnÿos, k quo `inrr` k lori`gk, f`zodgk ikl quo ks proâks `prosodtol l`rbol go huirk i`g` voz lodkr.
0.?.0.5 V`rnàvons quo `fot`l k prkcotk Yék lunt`s `s v`rnàvons quo ikdgninkd`l ` tkl`g` go goinsék go ndvostnlodtks, gopodgodgk gk tnpk go prkcotk. @ sobunr, ndgni`lks `s quo oxoriol l`nkr ndfhuãdin`.
. ) k g ` t p ` g @ ( . n h ` ` t s k t n t k ` F E / / d ` ` h n n h g n o R 3 L - k O i E f @ à r U - B I d b K n s G o G ©
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
• Ovkhuâék toidkhùbni` Pu`dtk l`ns k soblodtk gk prkgutk ostnvor roh`inkd`gk ikl `s ndkv`âÿos toidkhùbni`s, l`nkros todgol ` sor ks roiursks roquorngks p`r` ` nlph`dt`âék gk prkcotk. Osso `spoitk lunt`s vozos fudinkd` iklk ul` e`rronr` go `iossk `k lori`gk, b`r`dtndgk iort` sobur`dâ` `ks `bodtos quo cà so odikdtr`l ost`eohoingks. ost`eohoingks. • Ndiodtnvks bkvord`lodt`ns @hbul`s vozos, ` `glndnstr`âék póehni`, p`r` prklkvor k gosodvkhvnlodtk robnkd`h o hki`h, pkgo kforoior eodofìinks, bor`hlodto fnsi`ns, ` fnl go `tr`nr brupks ndgustrn`ns p`r` ` ikdstntunâék go pkhks prkgutnvks bor`gkros go olprobk o rodg` ku ostnluh`r ohks nlpkrt`dtos g` i`gon` prkgutnv` bhke`h. Kutr` lkg`hng`go go fklodtk bkvord`lodt`h sék ks @rr`dcks Qrkgutnvks Hki`ns (@QH), quo gnspkdnenhnz`l ndiodtnvks go posquns` o ndiue`âék. • Hobnsh`âék `gu`donr` `gu`donr` o ehkiks oikd÷lniks oikd÷lniks o go hnvro-iklîrink Odtro `s gnvors`s e`rronr`s `hf`dgobàrn`s, gost`i`l-so `s hobnsh`âÿos `phni`g`s ` prkgutks nlpkrt`gks. Go fkrl` ` ndiodtnv`r o b`r`dtnr k ndvostnlodtk prkgutnvk, ks p`ìsos todgol ` fkrl`r `ikrgks quo pkgol ovkhunr `tî ` ikdstntunâék go ehkiks oikd÷lniks, o pkgol, ol vnrtugo go `ikrgks iklorin`ns, ost`eohoior e`rronr`s oikd÷lni`s, roguzn-h`s ku `tî loslk oxtndbun-h`s. _l ehkik oikd÷lnik ku ul` zkd` go hnvro-iklîrink sék fkrtolodto `fot`gks pohk gosolpodmk gks p`ìsos odvkhvngks, vnstk quo, qu`dgk kikrro ` fr`bnhnz`âék go ul` g`s oikdkln`s odvkhvng`s, ossos `ikrgks t`leîl so fr`bnhnz`l. • V`rn`âék i`len`h Iålenk î ` roh`âék odtro ` lkog` d`inkd`h o `s lkog`s ostr`dbonr`s. Á logng` quo ` t`x` go iålenk `ulodt` ku gnlndun, kesorv`-so ul` ndfhuãdin` gnrot` skero k proâk gks prkgutks nlpkrt`gks, vnstk quo ohos tãl sous proâks fnx`gks dk lori`gk ndtord`inkd`h ol lkog` ostr`dbonr`. Oss` roh`âék ndfhuodin` t`dtk ` goinsék, quo á roh`âék ikl fkrdoiogkros hki`ns o ndtord`inkd`ns, qu`dtk ` kfort` go prkgutks. • Puostÿos hkbìstni`s @s quostÿos hkbìstni`s odbhke`l tkg`s `s `âÿos doiossàrn`s p`r` b`r`dtnr ` prkguâék o ` odtrob`, `er`dbodgk roiursks, oqunp`lodtks, ndsulks o prkiossks go ndfkrl`âék. Pu`dtk l`ns e`r`tk o ràpngk so tkrd` vodgor ul` lori`gkrn` o odtrobà-h` ol qu`hquor p`rto gk ludgk, lodkros sék ks ndiodtnvks p`r` quo ul` olpros` so ndst`ho ol gnvors`s p`rtos gk ludgk.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
• Puostÿos `lenodt`ns o iustks go f`tkros go prkguâék Î dktùrn` ` urbãdin` d` eusi` go skhuâÿos `lenodt`hlodto sustodtàvons. @ irosiodto prokiup`âék ikl `s `âÿos prosodtos o sous rofhoxks d`s `âÿos futur`s tãl hov`gk possk`s o olpros`s ` ropods`rol k lkgk iklk so roh`inkd`l ikl k lonk `lenodto, utnhnz`dgk ks roiursks d`tur`ns (`ndg`) gnspkdìvons go fkrl` r`inkd`h o sustodtàvoh, sol iklprklotor `s bor`âÿos futur`s. _l` ikdsoquãdin` goss` dkv` lodt`hng`go î ` irosiodto lnbr`âék go olpros`s ol vnrtugo g` gnspkdnenhng`go go f`tkros go prkguâék ku gk `inrr`lodtk g` hobnsh`âék `lenodt`h. Nssk î f`inhlodto ovngodin`gk kesorv`dgk-so `s robnÿos ol quo sék f`erni`gks prkgutks quo f`zol usk ndtodsnvk go lék go ker`. _htnl`lodto, `s ndgóstrn`s gosso tnpk go prkgutk tãl lnbr`gk p`r` `hbuds p`ìsos `snàtniks, kdgo ` gnspkdnenhng`go go lék go ker` î luntk br`dgo, o sou proâk î luntk lodkr quo ol kutr`s p`rtos gk ludgk.
0.?.5 @spoitks lnirkoikd÷lniks Puostÿos lnirkoikd÷lni`s gnzol rospontk á olpros` o sou `lenodto ndtordk, ndihundgk ` krb`dnz`âék g` prkguâék, ` ostrutur` go iustks o `s ostr`tîbn`s go iklorin`hnz`âék.
0.?.5.0 Gol`dg` @ gol`dg` ndgni` ` qu`dtng`go go ikdsulngkros quo f`rék p`rto gk póehnik-`hvk. Q`r` nssk, î nlpkrt`dto ndvostnb`r so k prkgutk rosuht`dto gk prkcotk gostnd`-so ` `todgor ul` p`rioh` g` gol`dg` nds`tnsfont` ku so k prkgutk fkrâ`rà ul goshki`lodtk go ikdsulngkros p`r` ul dkvk prkgutk. D`s ikdsngor`âÿos goss` v`rnàvoh, gost`i`l-so ndfkrl`âÿos nlpkrt`dtos iklk ng`go, dìvoh go rodg`, i`p`ing`go go odgnvng`lodtk, màentks, krnodt`âék `fotnv`, krnodt`âék rohnbnks`, gol`dg` pkr dkv`s toidkhkbn`s. Odtrot`dtk, ks quo l`ns ndfhuodin`l ` goinsék go ikdsulk sék br`u go doiossng`go, proâk poriodtu`h ol roh`âék á rodg` gnspkdìvoh, proâk gk eol ol roh`âék ` suestntutks prùxnlks ku ol roh`âék ` eods go usk iklpholodt`r o dìvoh go b`stks ikl l`rjotndb.
K ikdiontk go rodg` gnspkdìvoh utnhnz` ` rodg` erut` tkt`h o goh` oxihun trneutks, t`x`s o ikdtrneunâÿos.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
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@ hon g` gol`dg` ost`eohoio quo ` gnspksnâék gk ndgnvìguk ol p`b`r pkr ul eol ku sorvnâk î ndvors`lodto prkpkrinkd`h `k sou br`u go s`tnsf`âék. Á logng` quo `ulodt` ` kfort`, `ulodt`l ` utnhnz`âék o ` s`tnsf`âék gk ikdsulngkr, f`zodgk ikl quo oho todm` ul ndtorosso i`g` voz lodkr ol p`b`r poh` prùxnl` udng`go, quo sù sorà `gqunrng` so mkuvor ` poriopâék go ul b`dmk roh`tnvk ol su` `dàhnso go iustk o eodofìink. Ol kutr`s p`h`vr`s, î pkssìvoh `rl`r quo ` qu`dtng`go gol`dg`g` p`r` eods ‘dkrl`ns“ todgo ` irosior á logng` quo sou proâk i`n.
Hon g` gol`dg` Yîrno 9
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Yîrno 9
` s k U o d ` n b o U 3 k i f à r B d b n s o G
K onxk mkrnzkdt`h roprosodt` ` qu`dtng`go o k onxk vortni`h roprosodt` k proâk ikl ul` iurv` `siodgodto.
Ikdfkrlo V`sikdiohhks (5100), ` oikdkln` f`h` ol ‘eol dkrl`h“ p`r` ndgni`r ` sodsnenhng`go go ikdsulk go gotorlnd`gk eol g`g` ul` v`rn`âék d` rodg` gk ikdsulngkr. Mà t`leîl ks ‘eods ndfornkros“, quo tãl su` qu`dtng`go go gol`dg` roguzng` á logng` quo `ulodt` ` rodg` gk ikdsulngkr, quo todgo ` trkià-hks pkr suestntutks go proâks l`ns ohov`gks. _l` oxioâék ` oss` robr` sék ks ‘eods go Bnfod“, quo `prosodt`l ul` gol`dg` irosiodto loslk ikl k `ulodtk gk proâk o ` roguâék g` rodg` gk ikdsulngkr. Nssk fkn kesorv`gk ikl k ikdsulk go e`t`t`s, ol ul porìkgk go osi`ssoz go roiursks.
Ks eods pkgol sor gnforodin`gks sobudgk ` rodg` gk ikdsulngkr. Ks ‘dkrl`ns“ sék `quohos iuc` gol`dg` `ulodt` á logng` quo `ulodt` ` rodg` gk ikdsulngkr. Ks ‘ndfornkros“ sék `quohos quo, iklp`r`tnv`lodto ` sous suestntutks prùxnlks, tãl ` gol`dg` roguzng` ol vnrtugo gk `ulodtk go rodg` gk ikdsulngkr.
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
0.?.5.5 Ostrutur`s go lori`g lori`gkk ikdsulngkr o fkrdoiogkr Dosto suentol govo-so ikdsngor`r k dólork go olpros`s kfort`dtos o ` p`rtninp`âék go i`g` ul` dk lori`gk. Oss` kesorv`âék ndgni` k tnpk go ostrutur` gklnd`dto. @ lnirkoikdkln` ih`ssnfni` oss`s ostrutur`s pkr i`us` gk dólork go kfort`dtos, i`r`itorìstni`s go mklkbodong`go gk prkgutk/gnforodin`âék o oxnstãdin` go e`rronr`s á odtr`g` o á s`ìg`. V`sikdiohhks (5115, p. 075) gost`i` `hbul`s ostrutur`s3 (`) ikdikrrãdin` porfont`, ikl ul br`dgo dólork go olpros`s, prkgutks mklkbãdoks (pkuik ku d`g` gnforodin`gks) o ndoxnstãdin` go e`rronr`s á odtr`g` ku á s`ìg`: (e) lkdkpùhnk, ikl ul` ódni` olpros`, prkgutks sol suestntutks prùxnlks o ikl e`rronr`s p`r` odtr`g`: (i) ikdikrrãdin` lkdkpkhìstni` (ku nlporfont`), ikl ndólor`s olpros`s, prkgutks gnforodin`gks, l`s ikl hnvro `iossk go dkv`s olpros`s `k lori`gk: (g) khnbkpùhnk, ikl pkui`s olpros`s gklnd`dgk k lori`gk, ks prkgutks pkgol ku dék sor mklkbãdoks, o gnsirot`s e`rronr`s, ikl odtr`g` o s`ìg` go olpros`s `k lori`gk. Pu`dtk l`nkr ` ikdiodtr`âék go lori`gk, l`nkros `s gnfniuhg`gos p`r` dkvks olproodgnlodtks, t`dtk d` gnsput` pkr ikdsulngkros qu`dtk dk roh`inkd`lodtk ikl fkrdoiogkros, vnstk quo ol ostrutur`s go lori`gk ikl olpros`s gklnd`dtos, dék r`rk oss`s olpros`s oxoriol ndfhuãdin` t`dtk dks ikdsulngkros qu`dtk dks fkrdoiogkros, imob`dgk ` sntu`âÿos go ndtobr`âék vortni`h, gotodgk k lkdkpùhnk skero k lori`gk fkrdoiogkr ku oxoriodgk fkrto ndfhuãdin`.
Yobudgk Cko Y. E`nd, k prndinp`h f`tkr d` gotorlnd`âék gks proâks o g` huir`tnvng`go ol ul` ndgóstrn` ostà roh`inkd`gk ikl ` f`inhng`go quo `s olpros`s ost`eohoing`s odikdtr`l p`r` nlpognr ` odtr`g` go dkv`s olpros`s, nstk î, ` oxnstãdin` ku dék go e`rronr`s (J_QFOU: M@YODIHOVOU, 5115, p. 001).
Kutr` v`rnàvoh ` sor kesorv`g` î ` oxnstãdin` go e`rronr`s go odtr`g` ku s`ìg` gk lori`gk ol quosték. Pu`dtk l`nkr k dìvoh go e`rronr`s, l`ns iustks` î ` ndst`h`âék o, ikdsoquodtolodto, lodks `tr`tnvk î k lori`gk. _l oxolphk go e`rronr` î ` oxnstãdin` go p`todtos, quo ost`eohoio quo ` olpros` ndihu` k p`b`lodtk go rky`htnos p`r` ketodâék g` ikdiossék go prkguâék ku k ndvostnlodtk doiossàrnk go gosodvkhvnlodtk go toidkhkbn` `htord`tnv` p`r` ` f`erni`âék go prkgutks iklpotntnvks dk lori`gk (suestntutk prùxnlk).
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
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0.?.5.9 Inihk go vng` gk prkgutk Qrkgutks o sorvnâks osték sucontks ` ul prkiossk go ndtrkguâék, irosinlodtk, l`tur`âék o goi`gãdin`. Olekr` ossos inihks `prosodtol `s losl`s f`sos p`r` i`g` tnpk go prkgutk, ohos tãl gur`âék v`rnàvoh ol roh`âék `ks prkgutks o `ks lori`gks. Q`r` i`g` f`so olprob`l-so ostr`tîbn`s ospoiìfni`s, vnstk quo pkgol v`rn`r `s qu`dtng`gos gol`dg`g`s o kfort`g`s, eol iklk k proâk o k lori`gk-`hvk. @s olpros`s, `k h`dâ`rol ul prkgutk, pkgol f`zã-hk ol qu`dtng`gos ndfornkros á gol`dg` go lori`gk, k quo hmos porlnto iker`r ul proâk `inl` gk proâk go oqunhìernk, bor`dgk ul huirk oxtr`krgndàrnk, quo v`n roguzndgk á logng` quo dkvks kfort`dtos odtr`l dk lori`gk ostnluh`gks pohk rotkrdk oikd÷lnik. Qkrt`dtk, oss` robr` î vàhng` p`r` prkgutks gnforodin`gks, iklk sl`rtpmkdos, k i`rrk mìerngk, ks prkgutks sol bhótod ku sol h`itkso, `s vn`bods osp`in`ns, roskrts ol roi`dtks go `iossk ikdtrkh`gk, odtro kutrks. @ gol`dg` go `htk dìvoh go ndvostnlodtks î kutrk f`tkr quo ikdtrneun p`r` ` pràtni` go proâks `htks. Dossos i`sks, k kfort`dto kfor t`dto roioeo, iklk ndiodtnvk á posquns` o `k gosodvkhvnlodtk, ul` ospîino go rosorv` go lori`gk pkr lonk g` ikdiossék go p`todto, olekr` dék soc` pkssìvoh `fnrl`r go fkrl` i`tobùrni` quo ` oxnstãdin` go ul` p`todto ikdguz á rosorv` go lori`gk, oxolphks pkgol sor f`inhlodto ovngodin`gks d` ndgóstrn` f`rl`iãutni`. @ndg` gost`i`-so quo k prkiossk go ndkv`âék prkpkrinkd`, `hîl g` bor`âék go p`todtos, ul` iurv` go `prodgnz`bol quo b`r`dto á olpros` rotkrdks `inl` gks dkrl`ns, pkr hmo b`r`dtnr ` oxphkr`âék go ul dkvk dnimk go lori`gk dk qu`h ` olpros` î hìgor `eskhut`. Î pkssìvoh t`leîl ` `gkâék go proâk e`nxk qu`dgk k prkgutk `prosodt`r kfort` ost`eohoing` pkr kutrks ikdikrrodtos, prkvki`dgk ul` `iohor`g` podotr`âék dk lori`gk-`hvk.
$ L`turng`go Irosinlodtk Ndtrkguâék
Goihìdnk
t
` s k U o d ` n b o U 3 k i f à r B d b n s o G
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
D` f`so go irosinlodtk, ` gol`dg` gosodvkhvo-so l`ns r`png`lodto quo d` f`so go ndtrkguâék, `pos`r gk ovodtu`h irosinlodtk g` ikdikrrãdin`. Ol robr`, `ndg` mà osp`âk p`r` ` ketodâék go huirk oxtr`krgndàrnk, loslk ikl ` pràtni` go proâks roguzngks ol roh`âék `ks g` f`so go ndtrkguâék. @ gol`dg` robnstr`rà `ulodtk `tî k prkgutk `hi`dâ`r sou pkdtk go l`tur`âék, dìvoh dk qu`h k huirk oxtr`krgndàrnk ioss`, g`dgk hub`r `k huirk dkrl`h. D` f`so go l`turng`go, iklk ` gol`dg` tkrd`-so ostàvoh, î iklul quo, p`r` lohmkr`r su` p`rtninp`âék dk lori`gk, `s olpros`s kfort`dtos `gktol ostr`tîbn`s, quo borol ul` ro`âék g` ikdikrrãdin`, p`r` gofodgor sou l`rjot sm`ro o quo ndv`rn`vohlodto nlphnquol `ulodtk go iustk. Iklk óhtnl` f`so gk inihk go vng`, kesorv`-so ul goihìdnk d` gol`dg`, bor`hlodto `iklp`dm`g` gk goihìdnk dk proâk, quo pkgo g`r-so ol vnrtugo g` keskhosiãdin` toidkhùbni`, g` `gkâék go prkgutks suestntutks prùxnlks ku g` roguâék go gol`dg` go eods iklpholodt`ros. @ iklend`âék gossos f`tkros nlphni` roguâék gks huirks. Ikdsoquodtolodto, ` ikdtndung`go go prkguâék o kfort` gopodgorà gks iustks p`r` s`ìg` gosso lori`gk, ks sudj iksts.
@ ostr`tîbn` go rot`rg`r ku prkhkdb`r ul` g`s f`sos gk inihk go vng` gk prkgutk pkgo sor kesorv`g` dk lîtkgk `gkt`gk poh` @ppho ikl ks soquodin`ns h`dâ`lodtks gk Npmkdo, quo ol ul` froquãdin` go ndtorv`hks i`g` voz lodkros vãl `prosodt`dgk `s dkv`s bor`âÿos, bor`âÿos, N, NN, NNN, NNN , NV, V. V.
Q`r` rot`rg`r ` odtr`g` doss` f`so, ks kfort`dtos utnhnz`l vàrn`s ostr`tîbn`s, odtro oh`s ` ‘kfort`“ go ndkv`âÿos p`r` ks prùprnks prkgutks.
0.?.5.7 Br`u go oh`stning`go Oh`stning`go î ul ikdiontk lnirkoikd÷lnik e`st`dto snbdnfni`tnvk dk ostugk gk lori`gk. @ oh`stning`go î logng` ol pkdtks poriodtu`ns o roprosodt` ` ostnl`tnv` go v`rn`âék g` gol`dg` ol rospkst` á v`rn`âék dk proâk gk prkgutk prndinp`h, dk proâk gks eods o sorvnâks iklpholodt`ros ku suestntutks o d` rodg` gk ikdsulngkr. Î ul` ndfkrl`âék quo pkssnenhnt` prkcot`r k nlp`itk skero k f`tur`lodtk. Q`r` k iàhiuhk gk br`u go oh`stning`go, î doiossàrnk roh`inkd`r ul mnstùrnik go ikdsulk ikl ` v`rnàvoh ` sor ostug`g`. _tnhnz`dgk k i`sk g` Oh`stning`go Qroâk go Gol`dg` (OpG), pkgorì`lks ostnl`r qu`h ` sodsnenhng`go d` v`rn`âék go gol`dg` go ul eol, g`g` ` v`rn`âék ol sou proâk.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
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OpG < V`rn`âék poriodtu`h d` qu`dtng`go go gol`dg` dk proâk
q1-q0 govngk á v`rn`âék poriodtu`h q1
p1-p0 . p1
@ Oh`stning`go Qroâk go Gol`dg` pkgo sor nbu`h, l`nkr (ohàstni`) ku lodkr (ndohàstni`) quo 0. Yo fkr nbu`h ` 0, ndgni` quo p`r` i`g` pkdtk poriodtu`h go `ulodtk kikrrorà ul` roguâék ngãdtni` go ikdsulk, dék nlphni`dgk roguâék gk f`tur`lodtk. Pu`dgk fkr l`nkr quo 0 (gol`dg` ohàstni`), ndgni` quo k ikdsulngkr î sodsìvoh ` v`rn`âÿos dk proâk o quo, p`r` i`g` pkdtk poriodtu`h go `ulodtk ku roguâék dk proâk, kikrrorà ul lkvnlodtk l`nkr o ol sodtngk ikdtràrnk d` prkiur` pohk roforngk eol, o, ikdsoquodtolodto, mà ul rofhoxk gnrotk dk f`tur`lodtk. @ óhtnl` sntu`âék (OpG 8 0), ` gol`dg` ndohàstni`, ndgni` ul` gnlndunâék g` gol`dg` lodkr quo k `ulodtk. Dosso i`sk, ks ikdsulngkros tãl `ht` gopodgãdin` gk prkgutk ’ iklk ikleustìvons ku logni`lodtks go usk ikdtìduk ’ o ul `ulodtk dks proâks î r`png`lodto porioengk d` roiont` tkt`h g` olpros`. Voc`lks ul oxolphk3 Gotorlnd`gk eol iust` U$ ?,11 (p1) o `prosodt` ul` gol`dg` go 51 udng`gos (q1). Ol sobung`, k proâk `ulodt` p`r` U$ 2,?1 (p0) o su` gol`dg` e`nx` p`r` = udng`gos (q0). Dosso i`sk, mà ul` gol`dg` ohàstni`, ul `ulodtk go ?1% dk proâk roguz ` gol`dg` ol 61%. Uoprosodt`dgk oss` sntu`âék pkr lonk g`s fùrluh`s, tolks3
G 2), quo porlntol ` `v`hn`âék gk pkgor go e`rb`dm` gks ihnodtos o fkrdoiogkros, `lo`â`s go prkgutks suestntutks ku dkv`s toidkhkbn`s o rnv`hng`go odtro iklpotngkros. Ks rosuht`gks goss` `dàhnso, so iklend`gks, pkgol sor `phni`gks p`r` goingnr odtro ikdtndu`r k prkcotk, `e`dgkdà-hk ku lkgnfnià-hk. Kutr` `phni`âék goss` `dàhnso sorà d` ikdstruâék go iodàrnks, fkrdoiodgk ndgni`tnvks skero qu`ns v`rnàvons sék ikdtrkhàvons o qu`ns dék sék.
E`rtho (5100) suboro quo d` tîidni` go er`ndstkrlndb ks sous krb`dnz`gkros ost`eohoâ`l lot`s o kecotnvks ikl e`so dk `ir÷dnlk YL@UW3 o Ypoiìfnik, Lodsuràvoh, @hi`dâàvoh, Uo`hìstnik, Wolpk fndntk.
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
90
F`â` ul` `dàhnso YRKW gk fnhlo Kdzo Mklods o ul Yobrogk. Ol sobung`, hon` k `rtnbk ‘Gn`bdùstnik Krb`dnz`inkd`h o k fnhlo Kdzo Mklods o ul Yobrogk“, go Ynlkdn @qundk, o k iklp`ro ` su` `v`hn`âék.
? Fkrâ`s go Qkrtor Qkgor go e`rb`dm` gks fkrdoiogkros
@lo`â`s go dkvks odtr`dtos
Unv`hng`go odtro ikdikrrodtos
Qkgor go e`rb`dm` gks ihnodtos Fkdto3 QKUWOU, 0>>2. (@g`pt`gk).
@lo`â`s go dkvks prkgutks suestntutks
` s k U o d ` n b o U 3 k i f à r B d b n s o G
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
Uoforãdin`s @UV@WO, Q. U. Oikdkln` gk Yotkr Qóehnik dk Er`snh. Unk go C`donrk3 Ohsovnor, 5117. E@UWHO, Q. Qh`doc`lodtk, Lkdntkr`lodtk o Nlpholodt`âék. Uoh`tùrnk go wkrjsmkp. Wr`guâék go Goekr`m @. Dkbuonr`. Óhtnl` `tu`hnz`âék ol 5100. ei.i`/lpfi/lkguhos/lkd-nlpp.mtl4. ei.i`/lpfi/lkguhos/lkd-nlpp.m tl4. @iossk ol3 0?/16/510 0?/16/5109. 9. Gnspkdìvoh ol3 8ioi.vid. EOY@DJK G. ot `h . @ Oikdkln` g` Ostr`tîbn`. ?. og. Wr`guâék go Irnstn`do go Erntk. Qkrtk @hobro3 Ekkjl`d, 5105. IKUUON@ DOWK, C. F. Oh`ekr`âék o @v`hn`âék go Qrkcotks go Ndvostnlodtks3 ikdsngor`dikdsngor`dgk k rnsik. Unk go C`donrk3 Ohsovnor, 511>. B_NWL@D, H. C. Qrndiìpnks go @glndnstr`âék Fnd`dionr`. 01. og. Yék Q`uhk3 Qo`rskd @ggnskd Roshoy, 5117. MKH@DG@, D. Qh`doc`lodtk o Qrkcotks. 9. og. Unk go C`donrk3 @QOI, 0>2?. JOOHNDB, U. Bosték go Qrkcotks3 ul` `ekrg`bol bhke`h. Wr`guâék go Ing J. Lkronr`. Uovnsék tîidni` Krh`dgk I`dtndn Cr. Yék Q`uhk3 Y`r`nv`, 5115. J_QFOU, G.: M@YODIHOVOU H. Oikdkln` Ndgustrn`h3 fudg`lodtks toùrniks o pràtniks dk Er`snh. >.ª ronlprossék. Unk go C`donrk3 Ohsovnor, 5115. 5115. DKEUOB@, I.: HNL@, @. U. Ndkv`trnx. Unk go C`donrk3 @bnr, 5101. KHNVONU@, G. go Q. U. Qh`doc`lodtk Ostr`tîbnik3 ikdiontks, lotkgkhkbn`s o pràtni`s. Yék Q`uhk3 @th`s, 5117. Q@G_@D, U.: FNB_ONU@Y, L. H. K skdmk `i`eku; Uovnst` Ox`lo, Yék Q`uhk, 0.³ l`nk 5109. Gnspkdìvoh ol 8ox`lo.`ernh.ikl.er/rovnst`-ox`lo/ognikos/0171/dktnin`s/k-skdmk-`i`eku-p`r`-onjo-e`tnst`4. @iossk ol3 90/1?/ 5109. -`i`eku-p`r`-onjo-e`tnst`4. QKUWOU, L. Ostr`tîbn` Iklpotntnv`3 tîidni`s p`r` `dàhnso g` ndgóstrn` o g` ikdikrrãdin`. 2. og. Unk go C`donrk3 I`lpus, 0>>2. QOBD. Oxolphk p`r` tkg`s `s bor`âÿos. Uovnst` Qoquod`s Olpros`s Br`dgos Dobùinks. Gnspkdìvoh ol3 8rovnst`pobd.bhkek.ikl/Uovnst`/Ikllkd/1,,OLN520>>7-0=?05,11O]OLQHK+Q@U@+WKG@Y+@
[email protected]. @iossk ol3 90/1?/5109. YNLKD, M. @. Iklpkrt`lodtk `glndnstr`tnvk. Nd3 QNI@DÂK, O. Qrkiossk Goinsùrnk. Unk go C`donrk3 _dnvorsng`go Fhulndodso, 5119. Gnspkdìvoh ol3 8u.er/st`/toxtks/toxtks[ OQni`dik.mtl4. @iossk ol3 1?/16/510 1?/16/5109. 9. Oikdkln` ’ lnirk o l`irk3 tokrn` o oxoriìinks. 9. og. Yék V@YIKDIOHHKY, Q`uhk3 @th`s, 5115. L. @. Y. go.
RKNHOU, Y.: L@WMN@Y, R. F. Qrkcotk3 ph`doc`lodtk, oh`ekr`âék o `dàhnso. 0. og. 50.ª ronlronl prossék. Yék Q`uhk3 @th`s, 5112.
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5 K quo o iklk f`zor ‘Dék mà vodtk f`vkràv f `vkràvoh oh p`r` `quoho quo dék s`eo `kdgo v`n.“ Yãdoi`
Pu`dgk ndnin`lks ` oh`ekr`âék go ul prkcotk, govolks tor ih`roz` skero3 • k quo so protodgo prkguznr: • ` quol so protodgo `todgor: • go quo fkrl` k prkgutk ku sorvnâk sorà gnspkdnenhnz`gk: • ` quo proâk. @p`rodtolodto, sék quostÿos ùevn`s, l`s ` kesorv`âék gk gosolpodmk go poquod`s o lîgn`s olpros`s suboro quo dol solpro k olproodgogkr tol rospkst`s ih`r`s p`r` oh`s. Dk Er`snh, sobudgk g`gks gk Yoer`o, k ìdgnio go ‘lkrt`hng`go“ go lnirk o poquod`s olpros`s î supornkr ` 21%, odqu`dtk dks Ost`gks _dngks ` lîgn` î ?1%. Gkrdoh`s (5105), int`dgk posquns`s ro`hnz`g`s pohk Yoer`o-YQ, gost`i` quo ` f`ht` go ph`doc`lodtk î ` prndinp`h i`us` p`r` k ndsuiossk.
Pu`grk 5 ’ L`nkros `rl`gnhm`s dk borodin`lodtk go poquod`s olpros`s (E`db, 0>>=). F`ht` go oxpornãdin`
@tntugos orr`g`s
F`ht` go gndmonrk Hki`hnz`âék orr`g` Oxp`dsék ndoxphni`g` Ndvostnlodtk go ndvodtàrnk nlprùprnk Oxiossk go i`pnt`h ol `tnvks ffxks Gnfìinh ketodâék go irîgntk _sk go br`dgo p`rto gks roiursks gk gkdk
` s k U o d ` n b o U 3 k i f à r B r o d b n s o G
Fkdto3 GKUDOH@Y,5105, p.5?.
@d`hns`dgk ossos g`gks, porioeo-so ` doiossng`go go fkrt`hoior i`g` voz l`ns `s tîidni`s go oh`ekr`âék o `dàhnso go prkcotks. Q`r` nssk, osto i`pìtuhk tr`t`rà g`s ot`p`s suborng`s p`r` ` oh`ekr`âék go ul prkcotk, kevn`lodto quo oss`s ot`p`s sék ul` ikdstruâék bodîrni`, vnstk quo i`g` sntu`âék `prosodt` su`s ospoinfning`gos.
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
5.0 Ostrutur` gk prkcotk Olekr` `hbul`s ot`p`s go ul prkcotk pkss`l `ikdtoior snluht`do`lodto o kutr`s go lkgk soquodin`h, tkg`s govol `prosodt`r ikosék odtro sn o govol sor iung`gks`lodto pods`g`s o gosodvkhvng`s p`r` fkrdoior supkrto `ks ostàbnks suesoquodtos, l`xnlnz`dgk ` `gorãdin` gk prkcotk `k ludgk ikrpkr`tnvk o prkgutnvk. Qkr oss` r`zék, `k loslk tolpk quo `hbul`s oqunpos sék ikdstntuìg`s, kutr`s sék gostntuìg`s. Qkrt`dtk, suboro-so quo tkgk prkcotk ostoc` ske ` krnodt`âék go ul borodto ku brupk go possk`s,
go fkrl` quo soc` b`r`dtngk ul k ikdgutkr o ovnt`dgk gosvnks gk kecotnvk bor`h.
5.0.0 @v`hn`âék go `spoi `spoitks tks tîidniks @ `v`hn`âék go `spoitks tîidniks govo sor ikdsngor`g` k ‘ost`gk g` `rto“ g`s toidkhkbn`s gnspkdìvons, ohodi`dgk roqunsntks tîidniks p`r` ` krb`dnz`âék gk prkbr`l` go prkguâék3 osikhmo-so k prkiossk prkgutnvk o krb`dnz`inkd`h gk olproodgnlodtk, ngodtnfni`l-so doiossng`gos go ndfr`ostrutur` p`r` nlph`dt`âék gk prkcotk o gotorlnd`-so k fhuxk go prkguâék, k h`ykut , `s i`r`itorìstni`s gk prkgutk o kutrks `spoitks. Q`r` oss` f`so, î fudg`lodt`h k ikdmoinlodtk krnbnd`gk d` ot`p` go ostugk go lori`gk, t`h iklk ostnl`tnv` go gol`dg` `tu`h o futur`.
5.0.0.0 Gotorlnd`âék gk vkhulo go prkguâék/kfort` go sorvnâk sor vnâk @ p`rtnr gks g`gks skero k t`l`dmk gk lori`gk-`hvk o k dólork go iklpotngkros, ostnl`-so ` gol`dg` pktodin`h gks prkgutks o ks vkhulos quo govol sor prkguzngks. Ol `hbul`s sntu`âÿos ospoiìfni`s, k vkhulo go prkguâék govo ost`r roh`inkd`gk ikl ` kfort` go toidkhkbn`, vnstk quo `hbul`s toidkhkbn`s pkgol hov`r ` ul` prkguâék go hkto lìdnlk ol vkhulo gnforodto o supornkr `k ngodtnfni`gk dk ostugk go gol`dg` pktodin`h prosodto. Ol `hbuds prkcotks, iklk ` ikdstruâék go ul ognfìink, î pkssìvoh f`zor prkcoâÿos quo ole`s`rék ostugks go oxtord`hng`gos, t`ns iklk ovodtu`h `ulodtk gk fhuxk go voìiuhks o possk`s, gol`dg` go odorbn` o doiossng`go go `âÿos gk pkgor póehnik.
5.0.0.5 Gotorlnd`âék gk prkiossk prkiossk go prkguâék/kfort` gk sorvnâk sor vnâk Dosso suesnstol` oqu`hnz`-so ` roh`âék i`pnt`h-tr`e`hmk ol fudâék g` toidkhkbn` `
sor `gkt`g` o prkcot`-so ` iklend`âék gks f`tkros xks o v`rnàvons go fkrl` ` ktnlnz`r k rosuht`gk d`h ’ bor`âék go eods o sorvnâks sor vnâks ’ ku lndnlnz`r ` utnhnz`âék go ndsulks.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
Loslk qu`dgk k prkcotk gostnd`-so á kfort` go ul sorvnâk, mà i`sks ol quo k prkiossk prkgutnvk (iklk f`zor) î fudg`lodt`h. Nssk i` f`inhlodto ovngodin`gk `k ostug`rlks k prkcotk go ul osp`âk p`r` ikwkrjndb ku mues.
Ks osirntùrnks go ikwkrjndb ikwkrjndb o o mues mues sék sék pkssìvons skhuâÿos p`r` `s `tu`ns todgãdin`s go lori`gk á fhoxnenhnz`âék g`s roh`âÿos go tr`e`hmk. Oss` dkv` lkg`hng`go go udng`go prkgutnv` î `d`hns`g` pkr Moijhor (5105).
Ikl k `uxìhnk go fhuxkbr`l`s o bràfniks, gosirovo-so k prkiossk got`hm`g`lodto, gosgo k ph`doc`lodtk g` prkguâék `tî ` roh`âék ikl fkrdoiogkros o gnstrneungkros. Qrkcot`-so k h`ykut , `s `trneunâÿos go i`g` sotkr, k i`hodgàrnk go nlph`dt`âék o k irkdkbr`l` go ndvostnlodtks. @ eusi` poh` roguâék go iustks o pkr soblodt`âék go lori`gk tol ostnluh`gk, i`g` voz l`ns, `s olpros`s ` prkguznrol ske odiklodg`, ikl ` im`l`g` prkguâék pux`g`. Ikdtugk, p`r` quo oss` `htord`tnv` `prosodto rosuht`gks oikd÷lniks o `glndnstr`tnvks, f`z-so doiossàrn` ul` rofnd`g` ndtobr`âék ikl fkrdoiogkros o snstol` hkbìstnik, go fkrl` quo tkg`s `s p`rtos o iklpkdodtos ostoc`l gnspkdnenhnz`gks d` hndm` go prkguâék ikdfkrlo ph`doc`gk.
Oxolphks g` ostr`tîbn` go prkguâék ske odiklodg` sék kesorv`gks d` ndgóstrn` `utklkenhìstni` o d` go iklput`gkros.
5.0.0.9 Ngodtnffi`âék g` doiossng`go go ostkquos o roh`inkd`lodtk ikl fkrdoiogkros Goingngk k prkiossk prkgutnvk, ndnin`-so k prkiossk go `qunsnâék o nlph`dt`âék gks ndvostnlodtks fnxks go ndfr`ostrutur`, làqund`s o oqunp`lodtks. Q`rn p`ssu ndtodp`ssu ndtodsnfni`-so ` ikdtr`t`âék o trond` trond`lodtk lodtk go lék go ker` o k ikdt`tk ikl ks fkrdoiogkros go l`tîrn`s-prnl`s. Gosgo k fnd`h f nd`h gk sîiuhk ]], ]] , olekr` `s pràtni`s krnodt`gkr`s go bosték subnr`l ` roguâék go ostkquos, solpro sorà doiossàrn` ` l`dutodâék go ostkquos lìdnlks, quo sék ostnl`gks ol vnrtugo g` prkcoâék go prkguâék o gk `iortk ikl ` i`gon` hkbìstni` go fkrdoinlodtk. Oss` f`so porlnto k ikdmoinlodtk o k ostront`lodtk go h`âks ikl ks fkrdoiogkros, ikh`ekr`dgk p`r` ` `goqu`âék gks pr`zks go fkrdoinlodtk o `custos dk snstol`
9?
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
hkbìstnik. W`leîl î ul porìkgk p`r` `custo odtro ` oqunpo go prkguâék o ` `glndnstr`âék, ospoin`hlodto ` oqunpo go l`rjotndb l`rjotndb,, so oss` ot`p` ostnvor sodgk ro`hnz`g` ndtord`lodto. I`sk ikdtràrnk, î roiklodgàvoh ndnin`r ks ikdt`tks ikl olpros`s quo `tuol dk soblodtk p`r` gofndnâÿos go gosnbd gosnbd,, ole`h`bods, ostr`tîbn`s go gnvuhb`âék o `pohk iklorin`h. Ol `hbul`s sntu`âÿos, t`ns iklk ` prkguâék go logni`lodtk ku go iorvoc`, sék prkguzngks `hbuds hktos ‘pnhktk“ p`r` `custo gk l`qundàrnk, ikdfnrl`âék gks prkiossks gosirntks o `v`hn`âék g` ovkhuâék gk prkgutk ndgustrn`hnz`gk. Dossos i`sks, t`leîl, ks fkrdoiogkros sék `inkd`gks ikl ` govng` `dtoiogãdin` p`r` quo pkss`l prop`r`r o fkrdoior ks ndsulks doiossàrnks `k tosto. Doss` f`so go mklkhkb`âék, `s iklpr`s sék ro`hnz`g`s ol qu`dtng`gos lìdnl`s sufninodtos p`r` ossos `custos. @hîl gks ostkquos lìdnlks go ndsulks roh`tnvks `k prkiossk prkgutnvk, mà ` doiossng`go go provnsék go ostkquos go ole`h`bods, go prkgutks ol prkiossk o go prkgutks `i`e`gks.
5.0.0.7 Krb`dnz`âék gks ſtuxks go tr`e`hmk o prop`r`âék go gn`br`l`s go B`dtt o irkdkbr`l`s Î pkssìvoh utnhnz`r gnforodtos lotkgkhkbn`s d` ikdstruâék gk uxk go tr`e`hmk. K nl pkrt`dto î quo `s vàrn`s ot`p`s quo k prkcotk torà go porikrror, gosgo ks ostugks prohn-
lnd`ros `tî ` prkguâék, ostoc`l ol ul uxk ikdtìduk o quo ks rospkdsàvons pkr i`g` ot`p` soc`l ngodtni`gks. Qkrt`dtk, î doiossàrnk hnst`r o gosirovor tkg`s `s `tnvng`gos ikl pr`zks, ot`p`s proiogodtos o pkstornkros. Oxnstol `hbul`s forr`lodt`s quo `uxnhn`l doss` t`rof`, odtro oh`s pkgolks int`r k Gn`br`l` go B`dtt, ikdioengk pkr Modry B`dtt qu`dgk ostugku ` fudgk ` krgol g`s kpor`âÿos dk tr`e`hmk. Yous ostugks skero borodin`lodtk so ikdiodtr`r`l d` ikdstruâék go d`vnks p`r` ` l`rndm` gur`dto `
Qrnlonr` Buorr` Ludgn`h. Ossos bràiks iklphotks, ikl e`rr`s go t`rof`s o l`ri`gkros go ot`p`s, gost`i`l ` soquãdin` o ` gur`âék go tkg`s `s t`rof`s ol ul prkiossk. Ks gn`br`l`s go B`dtt sék iklprkv`g`lodto ul` forr`lodt` `d`hìtni` `v`dâ`g` p`r` ks bo-
rodtos o porl`doior`l pr`tni`lodto nd`htor`gks pkr qu`so iol `dks (@U@_CK, 5112). Kutr` forr`lodt` p`r` ikdtrkho o `iklp`dm`lodtk g`s `tnvng`gos î k irkdkbr`l`, quo `prosodt` `s `âÿos prkcot`g`s ikl ks rospoitnvks pr`zks (irkdkbr`l` fìsnik) ku
v`hkros (irkdkbr`l` d`dionrk) o sous odi`go`lodtks. Î roiklodgàvoh tr`e`hm`r ikl `leks ks irkdkbr`l`s, fìsnik o d`dionrk, pkns ohos fkrdoiol ul` vnsék bhke`h gk prk iossk, porlntndgk ` ro`hnz`âék go `custos solpro quo doiossàrnk. Yo k olproodgnlodtk gopodgor go ker`s go ndfr`ostrutur` `dtornkros á nlph`dt`âék gk dobùink, ost`s govol ikdst`r dk irkdkbr`l`, go lkgk quo so pkss` ostnl`r k tolpk lîgnk o ` doiossng`go go i`pnt`h p`r` fnd`din`lodtk g` prkguâék.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
92
Ol `hbuds prkcotks mà t`leîl ` doiossng`go go ostugks go nlp`itk go oxtord`hng`gos (lonk `lenodto, `spoitks skinkiuhtur`ns, trådsntk o tr`dspkrto, odtro kutrks).
Nssk i` ih`rk `k vnsu`hnz`rlks `hbul`s `âÿos odvkhvng`s d` krb`dnz`âék go ul ovod tk iklk k fostnv`h Ukij Nd Unk, iuc` ro`hnz`âék proins` go3
Q@UIOUN@Y
• Gop`rt`lodtk go trådsntk o tr`dspkrto. • Ikhot` go hnxk. • Fkrdoiogkros go `hnlodtks. • Lognind` go olorbãdin`. •• • •
Iklp`dmn` odorbn`. Yoirot`rn` gogoLonk @lenodto. Ekleonrks o Gofos` Invnh. Gop`rt`lodtk go @orkdàutni`. • Qkhìin`s Lnhnt`r o Invnh.
IKDWU@WKY • Olprosàrnks go `rtnst`s. • @ssosskrn` go nlprods`. • Olpros`s go vodg` o gnstrneunâék go ndbrossks. • Olpros`s p`r` lkdt`bol o goslkdt`bol gks p`hiks o i`l`rnds. • Olpros`s p`r` lkdt`bol, goslkdt`bol o gk skl. o • kpor`inkd`hnz`âék Olpros`s p`r` lkdt`bol kpor`inkd`hnz`âék g`s huzos. • Oqunpo go gosnbd p`r` p`r` ngo`hnz`âék o lkdt`bol gks `lenodtos. • Olpros`s p`r` fkrdoinlodtk go eoeng`s o `hnlodtks. • Olpros` go sobur`dâ` prnv`g`.
` s k U o d ` n b o U 3 k i f à r B r o d b n s o G
5.0.5 Ostrutur` O strutur` curìgni` o trneutàrn` K Iùgnbk Invnh roikdmoio ` br`dgo gnvorsng`go go ostrutur`s olpros`rn`ns, quo v`rn`l gosgo k olproodgogkr ndgnvngu`h `tî ` skinog`go pkr ikkpor`tnv`. I`g` fkrl`tk tol su`s ospoinfning`gos krb`dnz`inkd`ns o curìgni`s. G`ì ` nlpkrtådin` go so ro`hnz`r ul ostugk g` e`so hob`h ` fnl go ngodtnfni`r ks `spoitks curìgniks odvkhvngks dk olproodgnlodtk, quo pkgol kernb`r snbdnfni`tnv`s lkgnfni`âÿos o `g`pt`âÿos ol `hbuds prkcotks. Oss`s tr`dsfkrl`âÿos pkgol `fot`r k prkgutk fnd`h, k hki`h go prkguâék ku ` l`donr` go prkguzn-hk. _l` voz goingng` ` hki`hnz`âék, govo-so ndnin`r ` ikdsuht` cudtk `ks ùrbéks g` `glndnstr`âék póehni`. E`sni`lodto, sék roquorng`s `s sobundtos `âÿos3
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
0) Gofn Gofndnr dnr o gosirovor k r`lk go `tnvng`go g` olpros`. 5) F`zor `hbul`s ikdsuht`s p`r` ketodâék go iortn iortngÿos. gÿos. 9) Ketor hniodâ`s `lenodt`ns p`r` ikdstruâ ikdstruâék ék o nlpholodt`âék gk olproodgnlodtk. 7) Oh`ekr`r k ikdtr`tk skin`h. ?) @vore`r k ikdtr`tk skin`h cudtk `ks ùrbéks go ih`sso (qu`dgk doiossàrnk). 6) Uobnstr`r d` Cudt` Iklorin`h o ketor k Dólork go Ngodtnfni`âék gk Uobnstrk go Olpros`s (Dnro (Dnro). ). 2) Gofn Gofndnr dnr k I`g`strk D`inkd`h go @tnvng`go Oikd÷lni` (ID@O ID@O). ).
Dnro î k robnstrk go hob`hng`go g` olpros` d` Cudt` Iklorin`h. Î ul dólork ódnik, quo ikl prkv` quo ` olpros` oxnsto kfnin`hlodto. kf nin`hlodto.
I`g` r`lk go `tnvng`go olpros`rn`h tol ul iùgnbk fnsi`h (ID@O) gofndngk ol ålentk fogor`h o quo pkgo sor ikdsuht`gk dk snto dk snto g` Uoiont` Fogor`h ku gk NEBO.
=) Uobnstr`r ` olpros` dk I`g`strk D`inkd`h go Qossk` Curìgni` (IDQC) pohk snto snto
g` Uoiont` Fogor`h. >) Ykhnint`r k `hv`rà. 01) Ykhnint`r ` Ndsirnâék Ost`gu`h. 00) F`zor k i`g`strk g` olpros` d` Qrovngãdin` Ykin`h. 05) Qrkvngodin`r ` olnssék gk ehkik go dkt`s fnsi`ns, snstol` go olnssék go dkt` fnsi`h ohotr÷dni` o `utodtni`âék gks hnvrks fnsi`ns. f nsi`ns. K robnstrk go ul` dkv` olpros` ndnin`-so dk ùrbék ludninp`h ikl ` Ikdsuht`
Qrîvn` go Hki`hnz`âék (IQH), im`l`g` go Bun` @zuh, quo ikrrospkdgo á `dàhnso g` Yoirot`rn` Ludninp`h gk _re`dnslk qu`dtk á `goqu`âék g`(s) `tnvng`go(s) iklorin`h(ns)
skhnint`g`(s) ol roh`âék á hki`hnz`âék gk nlùvoh. @ IQH î ul gkiulodtk doiossàrnk o kernb`tùrnk p`r` oxpognâék go @hv`rà go Hki`hnz`âék o Fudinkd`lodtk, quo î oxpogngk poh` Yoirot`rn` Ludninp`h go Fnd`dâ`s. Q`r` ` ketodâék gk @hv`rà, mà, `ndg`, ` doiossng`go go prkvngodin`r ` Bun` @l`roh`, ikl ndfkrl`âÿos roh`tnv`s `k usk o p`rålotrks p`r` kiup`âék gk skhk, iuc` fnd`hng`go î ` `prkv`âék gk prkcotk go ikdstruâék, p`rioh`lodtk gk skhk o oxpognâék gk `hv`rà poh` Yoirot`rn` Ludninp`h gk _re`dnslk. Oss`s oxnbãdin`s pkgol v`rn`r go ludniìpnk p`r` ludniìpnk.
9=
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
9>
Pu`grk 9 ’ Uosulk ikl `s prndinp`ns `âÿos p`r` ` ikdstntunâék go ul` olpros` @âék
Ùrbék
Qr`zk
Ikdt`gkr/I`rtùrnk Iìvoh
5 gn`s
Uoudnr gkiulodtks possk`ns gks odvkhvngks/sùinks Oh`ekr`âék gk ikdtr`tk skin`h Ikdtr`tk go iklpr`/hki`âék gk nlùvoh, g`gks gk Nlpkstk N lpkstk Qrogn`h o Worrntkrn`h Worrntkrn`h _re`dk (NQW_) o ph`dt`
9 ` ? gn`s
DNUO ’ Ndsirnâék g` olpros` d` Cudt` Iklorin`h
C_IOYQ/C_IOLB/C_IOQU
01 gn`s
Uobnstrk gk ikdtr`tk go possk`s curìgni`s3 prost`gkros go sorvnâks
I`rtùrnk
0? gn`s
@vore`âék go ikdtr`tk skin`h
Ikdsohmks Uobnkd`ns
0 gn`
Ndsirnâék g` olpros` dk IDQC Ykhnint`âék go vnstkrn` prîvn` dk hki`h, i`sk ` `tnvng`go soc` `hnlodtìin` ku go f`erni`âék
Uoiont` Fogor`h Vnbnhådin` Y`dntàrn` Iklp`dmn` @lenodt`h
91 gn`s
Ykhnint`âék g` Ndsirnâék Ost`gu`h
Yoirot`rn` Ost`gu`h g` F`zodg`
5 gn`s
Ykhnint`âék go ndsirnâék d` Qrofontur` Ludninp`h
Qrofontur`
0? gn`s
Ykhnint`âék go `hv`rà go fudinkd`lodtk ludninp`h
Qrofontur`
0? gn`s
Uobnstrk go l`ri`s
Ndstntutk D`inkd`h g` Qrkprnog`go Ndgustrn`h (NDQN)
V`rnàvoh ol vnrtugo gk soblodtk
Uobnstrk, ikludni`âék á @DVNY@ku dktnffi`âék
@bãdin` D`inkd`h go Vnbnhådin` Y`dntàrn` (@DVNY@)
V`rnàvoh ol vnrtugo gk soblodtk
91 gn`s
5.0.5.0 Wnpks go olpros`s o ph`doc`lodtk trneutàrnk _l` voz quo so goingo ndnin`r ul dobùink/prkcotk, govo-so tor gkns iung`gks. Qkr ul h`gk, î doiossàrnk quo tkg`s `s `âÿos odvkhvng`s dk olproodgnlodtk ostoc`l ol ikdfkrlng`go ikl ` hobnsh`âék ol vnbkr. Qkr kutrk, oho govo sor borngk go fkrl` ` `tr`nr p`r` k prkgutk o/ku sorvnâk k lodkr ÷dus fnd`dionrk o trneutàrnk pkssìvoh. Mà trneutks `rroi`g`gks poh`s gnforodtos osfor`s bkvord`lodt`ns. @hbuds odqu`gr`lodtks fnsi`ns fkr`l krb`dnz`gks ikl k kecotnvk go goskdor`r `hbuds sotkros prkgutnvks, iklk î k i`sk gk Ynstol` Ynlphos D`inkd`h, gnroinkd`gk p`r` ` poquod` o ` lîgn` olpros`.
` s k U o d ` n b o U 3 k i f à r B r o d b n s o G
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
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G`gks gk Lndnstîrnk g` F`zodg` lkstr`l quo ` p`rtninp`âék g` i`rb` trneutàrn` d` iklpksnâék gk QNE v`rnku go 55,7%, ol 0>>=, p`r` 99,?=%, ol 511>.
Pu`grk d.³ 17 ’ Qrndinp`ns trneutks o osfor`s go `rroi`g`âék Wrneutk
Fogor`h
Nlpkstk Ykero Qrkgutks Ndgustrn`hnz`gks ’ NQN
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Nlpkstk Ykero Inriuh`âék go Lori`gkrn`s o Yorvnâks ’ NILY Nlpkstk Ykero Nlpkrt`âék ’ NN
Ost`gu`h Ludninp`h
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Nlpkstk Ykero Yorvnâks go Pu`hquor D`turoz` ’ NYY
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Nlpkstk Ykero Qrkprnog`go Worrntkrn`h o _re`d` ’ NQW_
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Nlpkstk Ykero Qrkprnog`go Voniuh`r @utklktnv` ’ NQV@
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Nlpkstk Ykero Kpor`âÿos Fnd`dionr`s ’ NKF
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Nlpkstk go Uodg` Qossk` Curìgni` ’ NUQC
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Nlpkstk Ykero Uodg` ’ NU
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Kutrks nlpkstks
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Ynstol` Ndtobr`gk go Q`b`lodtk go Nlpkstks o Ikdtrneunâÿos g`s Lnirkolpros`s o Olpros`s go Qoquodk Qkrto ’ YNLQHOY D`inkd`h
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Ikdtrneunâék Ykin`h skero k Huirk Hìqungk IYHH
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Ikdtrneunâék p`r` k Fnd`din`lodtk g` Yoburng`go Ykin`h ’ IYHH
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Ikdtrneunâÿos Oikd÷lni`s
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Ikdtrneunâék p`r` ` Yoburng`go Ykin`h ’ NDYY
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Ikdtrneunâék p`r` k QNY
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` s k U o d ` n b o U 3 k i f à r B r o d b n s o G
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
5.0.5.0.0 Ynstol` Ynlphos D`inkd`h Ol vnrtugo gk dólork go olpros`s quo so odqu`gr`l dk snstol` Ynlphos D`inkd`h, i`eo got`hmà-hk. K snstol` Ynlphos fkn ndstntuìgk ol 5116 iklk ul` fkrl` snlphnfni`g` go `rroi`g`âék go trneutks o ikdtrneunâÿos, utnhnz`dgk iklk e`so go ndingãdin` ` roiont` erut`. Yuestntun ks sobundtos trneutks o ikdtrneunâÿos3 ikdtrneunâÿos3 `) Nlpkstk go Uodg` g`s Qossk`s Curìgni`s (suestntunâék p`rin`h). e) Ikdtrneunâék Ykin`h skero k Huirk Hìqungk (IYHH). i) Ikdtrneunâék p`r` ks Qrkbr`l`s go Ndtobr`âék Ykin`h o go Fkrl`âék gk Q`trnl÷dnk gk Yorvngkr Qóehnik (QNY/Q`sop). g) Ikdtrneunâék p`r` Fnd`din`lodtk g` Yoburng`go Ykin`h (Ikds). o) Nlpkstk skero Qrkgutks Ndgustrn`hnz`gks (NQN). f) Ikdtrneunâÿos p`r` ` Yoburng`go Ykin`h, ` i`rbk g` possk` curìgni`, go quo tr`-
t`l ` Hon Iklpholodt`r d. =7/0>>6 (ikdtrneunâék p`trkd`h skero `ut÷dklks, o prù-h`ekro), ks `rtnbks 55 o 55@ g` Hon d. =.505/0>>0 (ikdtrneunâék p`trkd`h ’ ndihundgk Y@W ’ skero roludor`âÿos go olprob`gks o ikdtr`t`âék go ikkpor` tnv`s go sorvnâks) sorvnâks) o k `rtnbk `r tnbk 5? g` Hon Hon d. =.=21/0>>7 =.= 21/0>>7 (prkguâék rur`h).
b) Ikdtrneunâÿos gostnd`g`s `k Yosi, Yosn, Yod`n, Yod`i, Yoer`o, Y`hàrnk-Ogui`âék o ikdtrneunâék sndgni`h p`trkd`h. Goss` fkrl`, ` olpros` roikhmorà ` tìtuhk go Qrovngãdin` Ykin`h ol su` BQY `pod`s k v`hkr gosikdt`gk go sous olprob`gks, ost`dgk, pkrt`dtk, oxihuìg` g` kernb`âék go roikhmor ` ikdtrneunâék p`trkd`h go 51% skero ` fkhm` go p`b`lodtk, 51% skero ` roludor`âék p`b` ku irognt`g` `ks olprosàrnks o `ut÷dklks, soburk `ingodto go tr`e`hmk o torionrks (Yod`n, Yosi, Yoer`o). K Ynlphos pkgorà ndihunr k NILY o k NYY, gosgo quo ` udng`go fogor`g` ku k ludniìpnk ol quo ostoc` ost`eohoing` ` olpros` vodm` ` oho `gornr logn`dto ikdvãdnk. Odqu`gr`l-so dosso snstol`3 • Lnirkolpros` Lnirkolpros`33 sék ikdsngor`g`s lnirkolpros`s, ` p`rtnr go c`donrk go 5105, ` possk` curìgni` iuc` roiont` erut` `du`h dék uhtr`p`sso U$ 961.111,11 (trozod -
tks o sossodt` lnh ro`ns). E`so3 Hon Iklpholodt`r d. 09>/5100. • Olpros` go Qoquodk Qkrto (OQQ)3 (OQQ) 3 ndnin`hlodto ` hon provn` p`r` osso odqu`-
gr`lodtk ` roiont` erut` iklproodgng` dk ndtorv`hk go U$ 961.111,11 (tro zodtks o sossodt` lnh ro`ns) o nbu`h ku ndfornkr ` U$ 9.611.111,11 (trãs lnhmÿos o sonsiodtks lnh ro`ns). E`so3 Hon Iklpholodt`r d. 09>/5100.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
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Î nlpkrt`dto kesorv`r quo ` ndsirnâék dk YNLQHOY nlpkrt` ol vog`âék á utnhnz`âék ku á gostnd`âék go qu`hquor v`hkr ` tìtuhk go ndiodtnvk fnsi`h, eol iklk á tkl`g` go irîgntks go NQN roh`tnvks ` odtr`g`s, dék sodgk pkssìvoh ` tr`dsforãd tr`dsforãdin` in` go irîgntks gosso nlpkstk.
5.0.5.5 Ikdtr`tks @ ikdst`dto prossék p`r` k gosodvkhvnlodtk go dkv`s toidkhkbn`s, `sskin`g` á porl`dodto eusi` pkr roguâék go iustks, tol hov`gk, i`g` gn` l`ns, `s olpros`s ` eusi`rol `htord`tnv`s p`r` gnlndunr k iustk go sous prkiossks, sol, ikdtugk, porgorol iklpotntnvng`go. Goss` gniktkln` d`sio ` `htord`tnv` go torionrnz`r `tnvng`gos quo dék f`zol p`rto g` ospoin`hng`go g` olpros`. D` ostonr` goss`s goinsÿos, surbo ` doiossng`go go robuh`r ossos roh`inkd`lodtks pkr lonk go ikdtr`tks. Ikdtr`tk î ul ndstrulodtk curìgnik quo `prosodt` gnrontks o govoros g`s p`rtos odvkhvng`s.
Ikdtr`tk go Ikdgodin`hng`go ku Dkd-Gnsihksuro @broolodt (DG@) î ul ikdtr`tk ro`hnz`gk odtro p`rtos, iuck ndtorosso î k p`rtnhm`lodtk tkt`h ku p`rin`h go ndfkrl`âÿos
ku ikdmoinlodtks ikluds ikl prkpùsntks iklorin`ns ospoiìiks, t`ns iklk oh`ekr`âék/ `v`hn`âék go ul` prkpkst`, gosodvkhvnlodtk go prkgutk, oxoiuâék go sorvnâk, f`erni`âék ske odiklodg` o gosodvkhvnlodtk go toidkhkbn`. Bor`hlodto ks `ikrgks iklorin`ns quo provool oss` ikdgnâék sék ro`hnz`gks odtro ul` olpros` o sou fkrdoiogkr ku odtro gu`s olpros`s quo doiossnt`l p`rtnhm`r ` toidkhkbn`, jdkw-mkw , rosuht`gks go
posquns`s, ostr`tîbn`s iklorin`ns, g`gks d`dionrks, i`rtonr` go ihnodtos. Ks `ikrgks go ikdgodin`hng`go ol bor`h `prosodt`l gu`s v`dt`bods3 Qrosorv`r ` dkvng`go o ` rosorv` rosor v` g` ndfkrl`âék gnvuhb`g`, dklo`g`lodto p`r` ofontks go prktoâék pkr gnrontk go p`todto ku p`r` s`hv`bu`rg` go ovodtu`ns sobrogks ndgustrn`ns.
G`r irognenhng`go á `tu`âék g`s p`rtos, golkdstr`dgk su`s prokiup`âÿos d` s`hv`bu`rg` gk pktodin`h g` ndfkrl`âék ` gnvuhb`r gnvuhb`r..
` s k U o d ` n b o U 3 k i f à r B r o d b n s o G
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
Go fkrl` `dàhkb` ` kutrks ikdtr`tks, quostÿos ikdtrkvors`s krnudg`s go sntu`âÿos dék provnst`s dk ikdtr`tk go ikdfngodin`hng`go pkgol sor gnrnlng`s dk ålentk cugninàrnk cugni nàrnk ku d`s d `s iål`r`s i ål`r`s go `rent ` rentr`bol r`bol,, gosgo go sgo quo provn provn`lodt `lodto o `ikrg`gk. `ik rg`gk. @hîl gk ikdtr`tk go ikdfngodin`hng`go roiklodg`-so solpro ` `gkâék g` roh`âék ikdtr`tu`h. @hbuds i`sks kikrrngks ikl prkcotks go l`rjotndb l`rjotndb ovngodin`l `hbuds rnsiks, `ks qu`ns tkg` i`lp`dm` ku prkcotk pkgol ost`r oxpkstks.
5.0.5.9 Doiossng`go go `qunsnâék/gopùsntk go prkprnog`go ndgustrn`h ku hniodâ`s Dk Er`snh, ks gnrontks go prkprnog`go ndgustrn`h, p`todtos, gosodmk ndgustrn`h o l`r-
i`s sék robuh`gks poh` Hon d. >.52>/0>>6. K Ndstntutk D`inkd`h go Qrkprnog`go Ndgustrn`h (NDQN) î k ùrbék bkvord`lodt`h rospkdsàvoh pohk robnstrk gks gnrontks go prkprnog`go ndgustrn`h o gk ox`lo fkrl`h gks pogngks go robnstrk go l`ri`, oxpognâék go i`rt`s i`r t`s p`todto o `vore`âék go ikdtr`tk go hniodin`lodtk go gnrontks go prkprnog`go ndgustrn`h. Qrkcotks quo odvkhvol prkgutks ku sorvnâks dkvks govol ikdsngor`r ` doiossng`go o ` nlpkrtådin` go robnstr`rol `s l`ri`s o p`todtos. Vnstk quo ` l`ri` fudinkd` iklk ` ngodtng`go g` olpros`, ku prkgutk, o su` poriopâék pohk ikdsulngkr pkgo roprosodt`r ul `irîsinlk dk proâk. @ i`rt` p`todto kutkrb`g` pohk Ost`gk fudinkd` iklk ul` b`r`dtn` p`r` ks ndvostnlodtks ol posquns` o gosodvkhvnlodtk quo rosuht`l ol dkvks prkgutks, ul` voz quo pkr gotorlnd`gk porìkgk, k qu`h v`rn` ol vnrtugo g` d`turoz` gk ndvodtk, `ssobur`-so k gnrontk go oxihusnvng`go d` prkguâék o/ku oxphkr`âék iklorin`h gk kecotk ol quosték. @dtos go suelotor k pogngk go p`todto `k NDQN, sék doiossàrnks `hbuds prkiognlodtks3 `) Eusi` prîvn`3 prîvn`3 î roiklodgàvoh ul` eusi` prîvn` p`r` ovnt`r quo sou pogngk soc` ndgoforngk ol vnrtugo go cà oxnstnr ul` p`todto ikdiogng`, ku ol `dàhnso, p`r` k loslk prkgutk. e) Goinsék go suelnssék gk pogngk ol kutrks p`ìsos3 p`ìsos3 prktobo o pkssnenhnt` ` iklorin`hnz`âék go prkgutks goikrrodtos gks pogngks go p`todto. i) Gopùsntk o ikdtoógk gk pogngk ku p`todto3 p`todto3 k ndvodtkr/gosodvkhvogkr f`z ul roh`tùrnk gosirntnvk gk ikdtoógk tîidnik g` l`tîrn` ` sor prktobng`. Oxnsto ` doiossng`go go p`b`lodtk go rotrneunâék.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
Qrkiognlodtk gk ox`lo gk pogngk go p`todto `tî ` olnssék g` goinsék gk pogngk go p`todto3 `) Ynbnhk gk pogngk gopksnt`gk3 gopksnt`gk3 k pogngk gopksnt`gk fni` l`dtngk ol snbnhk pkr `tî 0= losos, ` ikdt`r g` g`t` gk ox`lo gk pogngk. Qkstornkrlodto ` osso
pr`zk, k pogngk î dktnfni`gk d` Uovnst` go Qrkprnog`go Ndgustrn`h (UQN). e) Ox`lo gk pogngk3 pogngk3 k ox`lnd`gkr `d`hns` k pogngk go p`todto e`so`gk dks irntîrnks go `tnvng`go ndvodtnv`, `phni`âék ndgustrn`h, dkvng`go o `prosodt`âék gk roh`tùrnk gosirntnvk g` toidkhkbn`. i) Goinsék skero k pogngk go p`todto3 p`todto 3 ` goinsék pkgo sor k gofornlodtk ku ndgofornlodtk gk pogngk. g) I`rt` p`todto3 p`todto3 ol i`sk go gofornlodtk, sorà olntng` ul` i`rt` p`todto, quo
sorà puehni`g` d` UQN p`r` quo k tntuh`r pkss` g`r prkssobunlodtk `ks gol`ns trålntos hob`ns. o) Uoiursks ku duhng`go3 duhng`go3 i`sk k pogngk soc` ndgoforngk, î pkssìvoh ikdtost`r ` goinsék pkr lonk go roiursk `glndnstr`tnvk. W`leîl î pkssìvoh quo, ` qu`hquor lklodtk, ul torionrk, `k iklprkv`r hobìtnlk ndtorosso, ikdtosto cugnin`hlodto ` ikdiossék g` p`todto. Wkgks ks `tks o goinsÿos
gk NDQN sék puehni`gks d` UQN. I`sk k prkcotk odvkhv` nlph`dt`âék nlph`dt`âék go fr`dqun` f r`dqun` ku prkguâék go ul eol o/ku sorvnsor vnâk `dtornkrlodto hniodin`gk, k prkiognlodtk govo sor ` ketodâék gk gnrontk go prkguâék ku iklorin`hnz`âék, vn` roh`âék ikdtr`tu`h, go fkrl` ` ovnt`r gnspãdgnk go roiursk go fkrl` nd`prkprn`g`.
Vnsnto k snto snto gk gk Ndstntutk D`inkd`h go Qrkprnog`go Ndgustrn`h (NDQN).
5.0.5.7 Puostÿos `lenodt`ns @ oikdkln` sustodtàvoh ost`eohoio ul br`dgo gos`k p`r` k sotkr prkgutnvk3 b` r`dtnr qu`hng`go go vng` p`r` ` skinog`go `tu`h sol iklprklotor `s bor`âÿos futur`s.
Oss` `rl`âék, `p`rodtolodto snlphos, pkgo sk`r ul pkuik ikdtr`gntùrn`, pkns, so go ul h`gk lodinkd` ` qu`hng`go go vng`, `ssulo-so quo oss` qu`hng`go p`ss` pohk `iossk `k ikdsulk, quo `eskrvo ul` qu`dtng`go irosiodto go roiursks d`tur`ns o bor` vkhulos `ndg` l`nkros go rosìguks. @ bosték `lenodt`h tkrd`-so quosték prolodto o ték nlpkrt`dto quo k Lndnstîrnk gk Lonk @lenodto gnspkdnenhnz` ol sou pkrt`h ul `phni`tnvk, cà `cust`gk ás hobnsh`âÿos `lenodt`ns go i`g` soblodtk, p`r` `uxnhn`r d` oh`ekr`âék o d` `prosodt`âék go prkcotks.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
I`sk k prkcotk dék soc` krnodt`gk á skhuâék go ul` gol`dg` skink`lenodt`h ospoiìfni`, `ndg` `ssnl pkgo so gop`r`r ikl quostÿos `lenodt`ns, r`zék poh` qu`h osso suentol tkrd`-so fudg`lodt`h. Iklk nhustr`âék goss` sntu`âék, pkgolks lodinkd`r
k Iklphoxk @âu, dk dkrto gk ost`gk gk Unk go C`donrk, quo fkn prkcot`gk p`r` roudnr k l`nkr pkrtk gk p`ìs, ul ost`honrk o ul iklphoxk ndgustrn`h ol ul` àro` go >1 lnh lotrks qu`gr`gks. Yobudgk g`gks puehni`gks pkr Q`gu`d o Fnhbuonr`s (5109, p. 75), k prkcotk g` pkdto go `iossk `k i`ns proinsku sor `ulodt`gk ol ?11 lotrks ol goikrrãdin` g` gosikeort` go ul` ospîino go h`b`rtk ol oxtndâék. @hîl gk `ulodtk dks iustks, oss` `htor`âék borku ul `tr`sk d`s ker`s. Ks `spoitks `lenodt`ns bor`l t`dtk oxtord`hng`gos dob`tnv`s qu`dtk oxtord`hng`-
gos pksntnv`s, iklk `s gornv`g`s go prktoâék `lenodt`h ku gk tr`t`lodtk go ouodtos.
5.0.9 Ostugk g` hki`hnz`âék gk prkcotk _l` voz gofndngks prkgutk, lori`gk-`hvk, prkiossk prkgutnvk o vkhulo go prkguâék, o ro`hnz`gk k hov`dt`lodtk gks `spoitks curìgniks quo odvkhvol k prkcotk, ndnin`-so ` f`so go gotorlnd`âék gk hki`h, ku hki`ns, go prkguâék ku prost`âék go sorvnâk. Oss` `dàhnso pkgo, ndihusnvo, krnodt`r ` goinsék p`r` ` nlph`dt`âék go lóhtnph`s e`sos kpor`inkd`ns o î gotorlnd`dto p`r` `s pkhìtni`s go ikdstruâék go ikdgklìdnks ndgustrn`ns o hkbìstniks. I`g` prkcotk pkgorà `prosodt`r gnforodtos pkssnenhng`gos go nlpholodt`âék fìsni`, quo v`rn`l g` gotorlnd`âék l`irk ` lnirkhki`inkd`h, ul` voz quo oh` so rofhoto gnrot`lodto d` fkrl` go ikdsulk/gnstrneunâék gk prkgutk. @ goinsék g` hki`hnz`âék ‘ùtnl`“ ostà gnrot`lodto hnb`g` ás ospoinfning`gos gk prkcotk o gornv` g` `dàhnso go lóhtnph`s v`rnàvons. Go lkgk bor`h, pkgolks tr`e`hm`r ikl ul` l`trnz go hki`hnz`âék p`r` ost`eohoior p`rålotrks l`ns oqunhner`gks o quo ikdsngoro `s losl`s v`rnàvons ol gnvors`s robnÿos. @ssulndgk quo k prkcotk vors` skero ` nlph`dt`âék go ul` ndgóstrn`, ndnin`hlodto govo-so hki`hnz`r bokbr`fni`lodto ks prndinp`ns fkrdoiogkros go ndsulk, k prndinp`h lori`gk ikdsulngkr o `s robnÿos ikl pktodin`h p`r` ndst`h`âék gk prkcotk.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
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Ngodtnffi`âék g`s v`rnàvons quo `fot`l ` goinsék hki`inkd`h
Lori`gk fkrdoiogkr
Olpros`
Lori`gk ikdsulngkr
0. Gnstådin`
0. Gnstådin`
5. Wnpk go tr`dspkrto
5. Wnpk go tr`dspkrto
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Ukgkvnàrnk
• Ukgkvnàrnk
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@îrok
• @îrok
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L`rìtnlk
• L`rìtnlk
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Forrkvnàrnk
• Forrkvnàrnk
9. Wolpk go goshki`lo dtk
9. Wolpk go goshki`lod tk
7. Doiossng`go go gosole`r`âk gosole`r`âk `gu`donrk
7. Doiossng`go go
k t t o m b o E k g r ` d r o E 3 k i f à r B d b n s o G
gosole`r`âk `gu`donrk
@hbuds prkiossks prkgutnvks sék iklpkstks pkr vàrn`s ot`p`s, sodgk pkssìvoh, ol `hbul`s sntu`âÿos, ul` `htord`tnv` oikdklni`lodto oinodto pkr lonk g` nlpholod -
t`âék go @rr`dcks Qrkgutnvks Hki`ns (@QHs). @QH î ` gosnbd`âék go ul` `bhklor`âék go olpros`s ol ul loslk torrntùrnk, t`dtk pkr sorol iklpholodt`ros ul`s ás kutr`s ku govngk `ks ndiodtnvks gk pkgor póehnik, frutk g` `phni`âék go pkhìtni`s póehni`s go ndfr`ostrutur` ku go gosodvkhvnlodtk. Wolks vàrnks oxolphks goss` ostr`tîbn` ol tkgk k p`ìs. Dk Q`r`dà, ks prndinp`ns gos-
t`quos sék ` @QH go ekdîs ol @pui`r`d`: ` @QH g` l`gonr` ol Qkrtk _dnék g` Vntùrn`: ` @QH g`s ndgóstrn`s gk vostuàrnk dk Kosto gk ost`gk o ` go lkg` eoeã ol Worr` Ukx`. K Lndnstîrnk gk Gosodvkhvnlodtk, Ndgóstrn` o Iklîrink Oxtornkr (LGNI), `sskin`gk `ks ndstntutks go posquns`, tol prkguzngk ostugks go `v`hn`âék go nlp`itk g` `gkâék go @QH ikdihundgk quo ks ofontks pksntnvks sék suinodtos p`r` ` roiklodg`âék goss` ostr` tîbn`. @ sndorbn` pksntnv` ikstul` `tr`nr t`leîl kutrks olproodgnlodtks, iklk osikh`s, l`s ospoin`hlodto ndgóstrn`s, quo tãl fkrto gol`dg` go toidkhkbn` o lék go ker`. Yobudgk Fhoury o Fhoury (5119), `s rogos ndtorkrb`dnz`ink ndtorkrb`dnz`inkd`ns d`ns fkrt`hoiol ` iklpotntnvng`go, ` oinãdin` ikhotnv`, ro`rl`dgk quo @QHs sék pkhks go ndiodtnvk gk irosin lodtk oikd÷lnik.
Pu`dgk dék î pkssìvoh ` nlph`dt`âék go ul` @QH, rost` `k olproodgogkr eusi`r k hki`h l`ns prùxnlk gk sou prkcotk. Dosso i`sk, mà quo so pkdgor`r qu`h hki`hnz`âék sorà l`ns ikdvodnodto3 so l`ns prùxnl` gk fkrdoiogkr, gk ikdsulngkr ku ul` hki`hnz`âék ndtorlognàrn`.
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
Uoiklodg`-so ost`eohoior k prkcotk prùxnlk `k lori`gk fkrdoiogkr qu`dgk ks iustks roh`tnvks `k tr`dspkrto g` l`tîrn`-prnl` sék rohov`dtos, ku, `ndg`, qu`dgk ks rnsiks dk prkiossk hkbìstnik nlphnquol, pkr oxolphk, ` doiossng`go go l`dutodâék go ostkquos ol dìvons oikdklni`lodto ohov`gks. @ kpâék go hki`hnz`r k prkcotk prùxnlk `k lori`gk ikdsulngkr t`leîl ostà roh`inkd`g` ikl ks iustks go tr`dspkrto, ikl k snstol` go gnstrneunâék o ikl ` quosték trneutàrn`, ul` voz quo ` `gosék gks ost`gks á suestntunâék trneutàrn` `ulodt` k proâk go prkgutks krnudgks go kutr`s robnÿos. Iklk cà lodinkd`gk, `s v`rnàvons quo ndtorforol dk ostugk go hki`hnz`âék sék go gnvors`s krgods o `todgol ás ospoinfning`gos go i`g` prkcotk. Ikdtugk, mà quo so ikdsngor`r `s pkhìtni`s go gosodvkhvnlodtk hki`h o robnkd`h, iklk fkn k i`sk g` krb`-
dnz`âék gk Qkhk Ndgustrn`h go Yék Cksî gks I`lpks (YQ), gk Qkhk Ndgustrn`h go Iurntne` (QU), gk Qkhk @utklktnvk go Yék Cksî gks Qndm`ns (QU), gk Qkhk L`gonronrk go Yék Eodtk gk Yuh (YI), gk Qkhk Ndgustrn`h go I`l`â`rn (E@), gk Q`rquo Ndgustrn`h go Bknådn` (BK), odtro kutrks. @hîl g`s quostÿos roh`tnv`s `k goshki`lodtk go l`tîrn`s-prnl`s o eods `i`e`gks, mà quo so ikdsngor`r ` gnspkdnenhng`go go kutrks f`tkros go prkguâék, ospoin`hlodto ndfr`ostrutur` o lék go ker`. @ ndfr`ostrutur` ostà hnb`g` t`dtk á kfort` go sorvnâks póehniks, iklk tr`dspkrto, odorbn` ogui`âék o sobur`dâ`, qu`dtk á ndfr`ostrutur` gk prùprnk prkcotk, vnstk quo ` ndst`h`âék govo kikrror snluht`do`lodto á provnsék g` ovkhuâék g` gol`dg`, go fkrl` ` ovnt`r ` doiossng doiossng`go `go go ro`goqu`âék go hki`hnz`âék ol vnrtugo go oxp`dsék futur`.
5.0.9.0 Kfort` go ndsulks o lék go ker` K V`ho gk Ynhìink, d` I`hnfùrdn`, ul` àro` quo ikdiodtr` ndgóstrn`s g` àro` toidkhùbni`, fklodt` ` `iohor`âék g` posquns` o gk gosodvkhvnlodtk, eol iklk `tr`n lék go ker` qu`hnfni`g`. Kevn`lodto, dék pkgolks `trneunr ` `qunsnâék go oxtord`hng`gos pksntnv`s lor`lodto á prkxnlng`go fìsni` go pkhks bor`gkros go ikdmoinlodtk toidkhùbnik, udnvorsng`gos o ndstntutks go posquns` quo `ulodt`l ` kfort` go lék go ker` qu`hnfni`g`. @s oxtord`hng`gos pksntnv`s goikrrol t`leîl go i`d`ns go ndtorhkiuâék ndtorhkiuâék..
K torlk i`d`h go ndtorhkiuâék snbdnfni` ` fkrl` ikl quo ` ikludni`âék o `s ndfkrl`âÿos bor`g`s pohks ndstntutks o ùrbéks go posquns` o toidkhkbn` sék prkhnfor`g`s pohk ludgk krb`dnz`inkd`h o poh` skinog`go.
Ikdtugk, dék pkgolks dob`r quo oss` prkxnlng`go `ulodt` ` kfort` go lék go ker` qu`hnfni`g`. Nssk pkgo sor f`inhlodto ovngodin`gk dk V`ho gk Inhìink. @hîl gosto
pkhk hnb`gk ` iklput`âék o ndfkrlàtni`, tolks k Uoso`rim Wrn`dbho Q`rj (d` I`rkhnd`
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
gk Dkrto), quo î ul pkhk ospoin`hnz`gk ol enktoidkhkbn`. Dk Er`snh, `hbuds oxolphks sék3 k Ndstntutk Woidkhùbnik go @orkd`ótni` (NW@), ol Yék Cksî gks I`lpks, quo î hn b`gk ` toidkhkbn` osp`in`h: k EM-WOI, ol Eohk mkrnzkdto: k Woidkpkhk gk Qotrùhok, dk
Unk go C`donrk: k
[email protected], ol Uoinfo (QO), quo î hnb`gk á Woidkhkbn` g` Ndfkrl`âék o Ikludni`âék (WNI): K Woidkp`rquo, ol Iurntne`, (QU) Woidkp`rquoZ0\ quo î hnb`gk ` prkgutks toidkhùbniks, toidkhùbniks, o k I.O.Y.@ I.
[email protected] .U Y_H, t`leîl vkht`gk `ks WNIs g` robnék suh. @hbuds prkcotks pnkdonrks ose`rr`l d` gnfniuhg`go go `iossk á lék go ker` ospoin`hnz`g`, k quo `ulodt` k iustk go nlpholodt`âék gk prkcotk, ul` voz quo ` lék go ker` proins` sor i`p`int`g` ku nlpkrt`g`. Doss` sobudg` mnpùtoso, ndihuol-so iustks go tr`dsforãdin` o `tî go ndst`h`âék go ndfr`ostrutur` p`r` lkr`gn`. D` logng` ol quo ` lék go ker` roprosodt` ul posk propkdgor`dto d` ostrutur` go iustks, roiklodg`-so quo so eusquo ost`eohoior k prkcotk ol àro`s go l`nkr `eudgådin` gosso roiursk. Ikdtugk, roiklodg`-so ul rofnd`lodtk d` `dàhnso, quo govo hov`r ol ikdsngor`âék k br`u go skfnstni`âék toidkhùbni` doiossàrnk d` lék go ker`, k iustk go vng` d`s prndinp`ns robnÿos ‘ikdikrrodtos“, k iklpkrt`lodtk sndgni`h o ks màentks g` pkpuh`âék-`hvk.
Govngk ` ul` v`dt`bol iklpotntnv` ol roh`âék á ogui`âék o á qu`hni`âék gks tr`e`hm`gkros, quo roprosodt`v`l ul iustk eol lodkr quo k go kutrks p`ìsos gosodvkhvngks, ks p`ìsos ikdmoingks iklk Wnbros @snàtniks `tr`ìr`l br`dgo dólork go ndgóstrn`s tr`dsd`inkd`ns.
5.0.9.5 I`d`ns go gnstrneunâék I`d`h go gnstrneunâék î ul ikdcudtk go `âÿos doiossàrn`s p`r` k tr`dspkrto go lori`gkrn`s go ul pkdtk ` kutrk, dk lodkr tolpk o iustks pkssìvons. Osso f`tkr, luntk oxphkr`gk poh` àro` go l`rjotndb, pkgo sor k gnforodin`h ol ul prkcotk ` pkdtk go nduodin`r ` osikhm` g` hki`hnz`âék. Q`rto-so gk prossupkstk go quo ` olpros` protodgo gnstrneunr sou prkgutk ol tkgk k p`ìs. Oh` pkgo kpt`r poh` ndst`h`âék g` prkguâék ol ul hki`h oqungnst`dto gks prndinp`ns pkhks ikdsulngkros ku provor ` ndst`h`âék go gnvorsks iodtrks go gnstrneunâék robnkd`h, go fkrl` ` b`r`dtnr quo ` odtrob` kikrr` dk lodkr tolpk pkssìvoh. _l` voz utnhnz`gk osso irntîrnk, nlogn`t`lodto gosikdsngor`-so ` kpâék go prkguâék pux`g`, vnstk quo osso î ul i`sk go goinsék oxihugodto. @hbuds prkcotks govol f`zor usk go ul snstol` ndtorlkg`h, ikdfkrlo ndgni`gk pkr Bklos (5117), kutrks ikdsobuol b`r`dtnr ul` gnstrneunâék `goqu`g` utnhnz`dgk `pod`s ul` lkg`hng`go go lkg`h (forrkvnàrnk, `îrok, l`rìtnlk ku torrostro). @hbuds fkrl`tks go snstol`s go gnstrneunâék gnstrneunâék33
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
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` n h k t k F / / o l u ` h h n u B Y N U _ G ©
Gnrot` K prkgutkr oxorio ikdtrkho tkt`h skero `s `tnvng`gos lori`gkhùbni`s `tî k prkgutk imob`r ás léks gk ikdsulngkr fnd`h. Î k i`sk g`s vodg`s pkrt` ` pkrt`.
` n h k t k F / / k j d o r t o Q ` m s ` G ©
` n h k t k F / / 5 0 1 5 ` j s o ©
Oxihusnv` @ olpros` utnhnz` ul ku pkuiks ndtorlognàrnks oxihusnvks ` fnl go `todgor ` soblodtks ospoiìfniks gk lori`gk. W`ns ndtorlognàrnks bor`hlodto sék roprosodt`dtos iklorin`ns, quo hov`l k prkgutk `ks pkdtks gk v`rock ku ás rogos go hkc`s, `s qu`ns tãl ` oxihusnvng`go go gnstrneunâék gk prkgutk.
Ndtodsnv` Vns` gnspkdnenhnz`r k prkgutk dk l`nkr dólork pkssìvoh go pkdtks go vodg`. E`st`dto utnhnz`g` p`r` prkgutks go ‘bnrk ràpngk“ (go iklpr` froquodto) o ikl proâks roh`tnv`lodto e`nxks, î ul soblodtk tìpnik gks prkgutks quo fni`l ol pkdtks go vodg` prùxnlks `ks i`nx`s.
@ndg` dk quosntk i`d`ns go gnstrneunâék î nlpkrt`dto ross`ht`r quo k `gvodtk g`s vodg`s pkr lonk g` ndtordot ’ o-ikllorio ’, tol tr`zngk gn`rn`lodto br`dgos ndkv`âÿos `ks snstol`s tr`gninkd`ns go gnstrneunâék, f`zodgk ikl quo k prkgutk imobuo ol tolpk roikrgo d`s léks gks ikdsulngkros o, qu`dgk doiossàrnk, rotkrdol `k fkrdoiogkr. Kutrk `spoitk rohov`dto î k prkiossk go hkbìstni` rovors`, quo nlpÿo ` f`erni`dtos, nlpkrt`gkros, gnstrneungkros o iklorin`dtos ` rospkds`enhng`go pohk l`dock gks rosìguks, vns`dgk lndnlnz`r k vkhulo go rosìguks sùhngks bor`gks, eol iklk roguznr ks nlp`itks i`us`gks á s`ógo mul`d` o á qu`hng`go `lenodt`h goikrrodtos gk inihk go vng` gks prkgutks.
Hkbìstni` rovors` î ` p`rto g` i`gon` hkbìstni` quo so kiup` gk trådsntk fìsnik gks prkgutks ku ole`h`bods gk ikdsulngkr `k prkgutkr. @ pkssnenhng`go go govkhuâék, k gosi`rto go ole`h`-
bods o prkgutks g`dnfni`gks sék `hbuds oxolphks. @ Hon d. 05.91?/5101 gofndo dkrl`s bor`ns p`r` su` krb`dnz`âék.
5.0.9.9 Ndiodtnvks póehniks Olekr` quostnkdàvoh pkr `hbul`s udng`gos g` fogor`âék, pkr quostÿos go pkhìtni`s go gosodvkhvnlodtk ure`dk o robnkd`h, `hbuds ost`gks utnhnz`l k ndstrulodtk fnsi`h ku go ndfr`ostrutur` p`r` `tr`nr o l`dtor gotorlnd`gks olproodgnlodtks. Ossos ndiodtnvks custnfni`l-so ospoin`hlodto qu`dgk k r`lk go `tnvng`go bor` odi`go`lodtks p`r` frodto o p`r` tràs, nstk î, ndtobr`âék mkrnzkdt`h, k quo pkgo rosuht`r dul `ulodtk go olprobks gnrotks o ndgnrotks quo, pkr su` voz, ` lîgnk o hkdbk pr`zk, iklpods`l ` ohnsék fnsi`h, lohmkr`dgk `s fnd`dâ`s póehni`s o bor`dgk rodg` o gosodvkhvnlodtk p`r` ` robnék.
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
@hîl go eodofìinks fnsi`ns `tr`vîs g` roguâék go trneutks ku, `ndg`, g` pkstorb`âék goss` iker`dâ`, î iklul ` kfort` go ndfr`ostrutur` (` proâks ndfornkros `ks pr`tni`gks dk lori`gk nlkenhnàrnk) o go fkrl`âék go lék go ker` ospoin`hnz`g`. @ tìtuhk go
oxolphk, pkgolks tkl`r k NYY Woidkhùbnik quo vnbkr` ol Iurntne`-QU.
Dk pkrt`h g` @bãdin` Iurntne` go Gosodvkhvnlodtk, pkgol sor odikdtr`g`s l`ns ndfkrl`âÿos skero ` iker`dâ` gk NYY Woidkhùbnik ol Iurntne`.
5.0.9.7 Lîtkgk go osikhm` @s ek`s pràtni`s go bosték oikd÷lnik-fnd`dionr` suborol ` l`xnlnz`âék go eodofìinks lndnlnz`dgk iustks. Ikrron` Dotk (511>) im`l` ` `todâék p`r` `s `dàhnsos qu`dtnt`tnv`s o qu`hnt`tnv`s p`r` k ole`s`lodtk gk prkiossk go osikhm`. _l` voz quo mà gnvors`s v`rnàvons odvkhvng`s, sék suborngks `hbuds lîtkgks3 `) Gnstådin`s ] Iustks e) Iustks ] Uoiont` i) F`tkros go gosolp`to Ks lîtkgks qu`dtnt`tnvks gék ikdt` g` roskhuâék gks f`tkros ` o e, ikdfkrlo golkdstr`gk ol E`hhku (5117). Ks f`tkros go gosolp`to, pkr su` voz, sék p`ssìvons go roskhuâék t`dtk `tr`vîs go `dàhnsos qu`dtnt`tnv`s qu`dtk qu`hnt`tnv`s. D` mnpùtoso go so utnhnz`r irntîrnks qu`hnt`tnvks, ul` `htord`tnv` î ` oh`ekr`âék go ul` t`eoh` go ikdvorsék p`r` ` mnor`rqunz`âék g`s v`rnàvons.
5.0.9.? Yt`rtups o o su`s poiuhn`rng`gos @ `iohor`âék g`s ndkv`âÿos toidkhùbni`s tol `tndbngk `s l`ns v`rn`g`s àro`s, tr`dsfkrl`dgk k lkgk go vng` g`s possk`s, bor`dgk doiossng`gos, ndfhuodin`dgk ` fkrl` go so f`zor dobùinks. Dosso dkvk `lenodto, prkpkrinkd`gk pohk gosodvkhvnlodtk g` toidkhkbn` g` ndfkrl`âék, gosikrtnd`l-so sntu`âÿos quo gol`dg`l skhuâÿos ndkv`gkr`s. @ero-so ul hoquo go kpkrtudng`gos o gol`dg`s quo bor`l ul `lenodto fîrtnh p`r` skhuâÿos ndkv`gkr`s o ndstnb`l rospkst`s irn`tnv`s go olproodgogkros. Ykl`gk ` nssk so kesorv` ul` lug`dâ` d`s roh`âÿos go tr`e`hmk, gosvndiuh`dgk o soblodt`dgk prkiossks. Yurbo ` roh`âék ikh`ekr`tnv`, sù p`r` int`r ul oxolphk.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
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Oss` iklend`âék go f`tkros, ikdfkrlo î `ssnd`h`gk pkr Gkrdoh`s (5105), ikdguz ` ul` ikdstruâék go pkhìtni`s póehni`s quo ndiodtnv`l k olproodgogkrnslk, o, ` p`rtnr goho, `s st`rtups st`rtups o sou ludgk g`s ‘pkdtk ikl“, e`st`dto oxphkr`gk dk fnd`h gks `dks 0>>1, luntk olekr` st`rtups st`rtups dék doioss`rn`lodto ostoc`l roh`inkd`g`s ikl ‘pkdtk ikl“, l`s ikl olpros`s e`so`g`s ol ikdmoinlodtk.
Dk r`strk go oxolphks eol-suiogngks, iklk ks go Enhh B`tos, Ytovo Ckes o L`rj Suijoreorb, tkrdku-so qu`so ul kecotnvk ikhotnvk irn`r ul snto snto ku prkgutks hnb`gks ` osso soblodtk o tkrd`r-so ul olprosàrnk roikdmoingk o d`dionr`lodto ostàvoh. O, go rnv`gk goss` eusi` gosodfro`g` pkr skhuâÿos o suiossk, prkhnfor`r`l dobùinks, snstol`s, prkgutks fìsniks o vnrtu`ns. @hbuds eol-suiogngks, iklk k F`ioekkj , kutrks dol t`dtk. t `dtk. Lugku ` fkrl` go so roh`inkd`r ikl ks usuàrnks/ihnodtos o prndinp`hlodto ` fkrl` go iker`r pohks sorvnâks, k quo gà krnbol ` ul` br`dgo luhtnphning`go go lkgohks go dobùinks. Gossos dkvks lkgohks go dobùinks, pkgo-so gost`i`r3
Pu`grk ? ’ Lkgohks go dobùinks Lkgohk go dobùink
Fkdto go roiont`
Oxolphk
Ndtorlogn`âék go dobùinks
@gvîl g` iker`dâ` go ul poriodtu`h skero `s tr`ds`âÿos vn`enhnz`g`s
Yntos go iklpr`s
Ikl klor orin in`h `hnnz` z`âé âék k go go pr prkp kp`b `b`d `dg` g`
Ike ker` r`dâ dâ`` poh pohk k dól dólor ork k go go ihn ihnqu quos os
Lori`gk vnr tu`h
Qoh` tr`ds`âék ro`hnz`g`
Yuel`rndk.ikl
Olpros`rn`h
Qoh` tr`ds`âék ro`hnz`g`
I`s`se`mn`.ikl
Ikludng`gos
Voniuh`âék go prkp`b`dg`
^kuWueo
ikhotnv`s Ynto go
eusi`
Fkdto3 GKUDOH@Y, 5105. (@g`pt`gk).
@ r`pngoz ikl quo ks dobùinks hnb`gks á toidkhkbn` o á ndtordot `tndbol ul dólork i`g` voz l`nkr go ikdsulngkros foz ikl quo k lori`gk go st`rtups st`rtups p`ss`sso p`ss`sso ` im`l`r ` `todâék go olproodgogkros, olpros`s ost`eohoing`s, ndvostngkros o krb`dnz`âÿos dék bkvord`lodt`ns. @s p`h`vr`s go krgol dossos dobùinks sék3 ul ekl prkgutk o sorvnâk, nlp`itk o osi`h` ikl kecotnvk go huirk irosiodto ol osi`h` oxpkdodin`h. @ krb`dnz`âék go ul` st`rtup st`rtup so gnforodin` g` prkpkst` go ul dobùink tr`gninkd`h, ospoin`hlodto dk prkgutk, quo d` l`nkr p`rto g`s vozos dék î fìsnik, iklk ` mkspog`bol go ul snstol`, d` ostrutur` go iustks o, ikdsoquodtolodto, d` fkrl`âék go proâk o dk fkrl`tk go iker`dâ`. @ roh`âék odtro ` prkguâék go ul hnvrk fìsnik f ìsnik o ul o-ekkj porlnto porlnto ul ekl p`r`hohk odtro `s ph`t`fkrl`s fìsni` o vnrtu`h.
` s k U o d ` n b o U 3 k i f à r B r o d b n s o G
@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
Kutrk `spoitk quo gnforodin` `s st`rtups st`rtups gks gks gol`ns dobùinks sék `s fkdtos go fnd`din`lodtk, vnstk quo p`ss` ` oxnstnr ul i`pnt`h go rnsik ’ vodturo i`pnt`h ’ ’ gostnd`gk ` `pkn`r oss` lkg`hng`go go dobùinks3 0) Ndvostngkros-`dck Ndvostngkros-`dck33 prkiur`l olpros`s d`siodtos, ro`hnz`l `pkrtos go v`hkros go `tî U$ ?11 lnh ol st`rtups st`rtups prùxnl`s, prùxnl`s, s`ndgk gk dobùink á logng` quo oho so tkrd` eol-suiogngk o vodgodgk ` ndvostngkros l`nkros. 5) I`pnt`h solodto3 solodto3 ro`hnz` vkhulos go ndvostnlodtk l`nkros quo ks gks ndvostngkros-`dcks, v`rn`dgk odtro U$ ?11 lnh o U$ 5 lnhmÿos. Bor`hlodto utnhnz`l fudgks go nd -
vostnlodtk go fkrl` ` gnhunr ks rnsiks o ikl k kecotnvk go gnvorsni`r ` i`rtonr`. 9) I`pnt`h go rnsik ku vodturo i`pnt`h 3 olekr` gostnd`gk ` ndvostnlodtks p`ssìvons go rnsik, sék i`hiuh`gks o krb`dnz`gks go fkrl` ` tã-hks ske roh`tnvk ikdtrkho. Ks fudgks go vodturo i`pnt`h er`snhonrks ndvostol odtro U$ 5 lnhmÿos o U$ 01 lnhmÿos ol olpros`s quo cà `prosodt`l f`tur`lodtk go `hbuds lnhmÿos. You kecotnvk î `cugà-h`s ` irosior o f`zor ul` br`dgo kpor`âék go vodg`, fusék ku `eortur` go i`pnt`h dk futurk. 7) Qrnv`to oqunty 3 ossos fudgks sék rospkdsàvons pkr kpor`âÿos go fusÿos o vodg`s
ol br`dgos olpros`s, iuck f`tur`lodtk `du`h î supornkr ` U$ 011 lnhmÿos. Dosso ostàbnk, ks ndvostngkros ikstul`l tr`e`hm`r ikl olpros`s go i`pnt`h `eortk ku prostos ` `ernrol sou i`pnt`h. K prkcotk (ph`dk go dobùinks) go ul` st`rtup st`rtup pkgo v`rn`r govngk ás ospoinfni`âÿos gk soblodtk, l`s go lkgk bor`h `prosodt` ` sobundto ostrutur`3 • I`p`: • Yulàrnk oxoiutnvk: • Gosirnâék g` olpros`: • Gosirnâék gks prkgutks o sorvnâks: • Uoiursks o toidkhkbn`s odvkhvngks: • Lori`gk ikdsulngkr o iklpotngkros: • L`rjotndb L`rjotndb o o vodg`s: • @dàhnso ostr`tîbni`: • Qh`dk fnd`dionrk: • @doxks.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
_l` kesorv`âék nlpkrt`dto î ` roh`tnv` `k sulàrnk oxoiutnvk o `k kecotnvk ` quo so gostnd` k prkcotk (ph`dk go dobùinks). Ndnin`hlodto, î nlpkrt`dto ndfkrl`r quo k sulàrnk î k óhtnlk ntol ` sor rognbngk, vnstk quo fudinkd` iklk ul rosulk gk prkcotk, o govorà v`rn`r ol vnrtugo go quol nrà hã-hk, ul` voz quo ul ndvostngkr, `iohor`gkr ku ‘`dck“ torà l`nkr ndtorosso ol ikdmoior got`hmos fnd`dionrks gk prkcotk, `k p`ssk quo futurks p`rionrks ku sohoinkd`gkros go ndiue`gkr`s ost`rék l`ns `todtks `k br`u go ndkv`âék o `k prkiossk bor`gkr gk eol ku sorvnâk. @ ostrutur` suborng` `dtornkrlodto `ndg` î luntk `cust`g` `k lkgohk tr`gninkd`h go dobùink. Qkrt`dtk, k olproodgogkr proins`rà vodior k fkssk quo sop`r` ul lkgo-
hk go dobùink gk kutrk. @hbuds `utkros, iklk Unos (5105), gofodgol ` lotkgkhkbn` g` st`rtup odxut`, nstk î, ‘ndspnr`g` dk snstol` Wkykt` go prkguznr o quo v`hkrnz` k `prkst`rtup odxut`, vont`lodtk gk ikdmoinlodtk o g` irn`tnvng`go go i`g` fudinkdàrnk, ` roguâék gks t`l`dmks gks hktos, ` prkguâék gk tnpk cust tnpk cust nd tnlo tnlo,, k ikdtrkho go ostkquo o ` `iohor`âék
gk tolpk gk inihk“ (UNOY, 5105, p. 06). Oss` krnodt`âék govo-so `k f`tk go quo ol `hbuds soblodtks k tolpk go rospkst` gks dobùinks tr`gninkd`ns dék tol ikdsobungk l`dtor ` bor`âék go v`hkr p`r` ks ihnodtos o p`r` ` olpros`, g`gk k `htk br`u go rnsik ` quo osték oxpkstks. @ st`rtup st`rtup,, `k ikdtràrnk, î krnodt`g` p`r` rnsiks. Kutr` i`r`itorìstni` ndtrìdsoi` g` st`rtup gost`i`g` pkr Unos (5105) î ` roh`âék ikl ` ndkv`âék3 gosikeort`s inodtìfni`s krnbnd`ns, dkvks usks p`r` `s toidkhkbn`s oxnstodtos, irn`âék go ul dkvk lkgohk go dobùinks quo hneor` gndmonrk quo ost`v` kiuhtk, ku ` snlphos gnspkdnenhnz`âék gk prkgutk ku sorvnâk dul dkvk hki`h ku p`r` ul ikdcudtk go ihnodtos `dtornkrlodto l`h `todgngks.
Dkerob` o Hnl` (5101), `ssnl iklk Unos (5105), gofodgol ` lotkgkhkbn` go
fooge `ij 3 ikdstrunr-lognr-`prodgor, k quo snbdnfni` quo î k lori`gk quo ikdtndu` v` fooge`ij hng`dgk ku dék ` skhuâék. @ gnforodâ` î quo ` rospkst` dék vol go ul g`gk mnstùrnik ku go ul` posquns` go lori`gk, l`s g` ‘us`enhng`go“. _l ekl oxolphk î `prosodt`-
gk pkr Dkerob` o Hnl` (5101) qu`dgk so `d`hns` ul prkehol` hkbìstnik go `ulodt`r ` qu`dtng`go go lori`gkrn`s tr`dspkrt`g`s ol hkdb`s gnstådin`s pkr lonk go d`vnks, sol `ulodt`r k t`l`dmk gohos. • Wr`go kff kf f ` ` sor oqu`hnz`gk ↕ t`l`dmk gk d`vnk vorsus vorsus vkhulo vkhulo tr`dspkrt`gk. • Ykhuâék irn`tnv`3 p`grkdnz`âék gks ikdt`ndors ikdt`ndors go go fkrl` ` olpnhmà-hks. Nssk fkrt`hoio ` ngon` go quo ndkv`âék dék doioss`rn`lodto î snd÷dnlk go prkgutk ku sorvnâk sor vnâk ndîgntk. @k ikdtràrnk, ikdtràrnk, pkgo roprosodt`r ` `g`pt`âék go dobùinks oxnstodtos ` soblodtks `dtos dék pods`gks.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
Yimulpotor, ul gks l`ns nlpkrt`dtos oikdklnst`s g` prnlonr` lot`go gk sîiuhk ]], cà im`l`v` `todâék p`r` k i`ràtor prkpuhskr g` ndkv`âék toidkhùbni`. Vàrnks oikdklnst`s, e`so`gks dk tr`e`hmk go Yimulpotor (0>>2), oxphni`l k i`ràtor ovkhutnvk gk gosodvkhvnlodtk i`pnt`hnst` ikl e`so dk prkiossk go lug`dâ` toidkhùbni`. Odtro ohos, gost`i`-so Frool`d (0>>?), quo iudmku k ikdiontk go Ynstol` D`inkd`h go Ndkv`âék, sobudgk k qu`h ` ndkv`âék o k gosodvkhvnlodtk toidkhùbnik sék rosuht`gks go ul` iklphox` roh`âék go `tkros quo ndihun olproodgogkros, posquns`gkros, ndstntunâÿos go posquns` o udnvorsng`gos, o î fudg`lodt`h p`r` godnr p`grÿos go iklpotntnvng`go oikd÷lni`, ospoin`hlodto dk `tu`h qu`grk go `ulodtk g` iklpotntnvng`go robnkd`h o bhke`h. Olekr` skhuâÿos snlphos pkss`l ikdvortor-so ol ndkv`âék, k snstol` ol sn dék î ték snlphos, ul` voz quo ` ndkv`âék gopodgo g` ndtor-roh`âék go `bodtos oikd÷lniks tr`e`hm`dgk ol rogo ku go fkrl` ikh`ekr`tnv`.
Eusnddos Lkgoh I`dv`s (ELI) I`dv`s (ELI) î ul ph`dk go dobùinks vnsu`h quo tovo ` p`rtninp`âék go qu`so ?11 ik`utkros quo ndkv`r`l dk prkgutk, d` gnstrneunâék, dk fkrl`tk go tr`e`hmk ikh`ekr`tnvk, d` `phni`âék gk lîtkgk, odtro kutr`s `âÿos.
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@DÀHNYO G@ VN@ENHNG@GO GK QUKCOWK
Uoforãdin`s @U@_CK, Q. g` I. Oh`ekr`âék go Qrkcotks. Qrkcotks. Gop`rt`lodtk go Inãdin`s g` @glndnstr`âék. Fhkrn`dùpkhns3 5112. Gnspkdìvoh ol3 8shngosm`ro.dot/hokzulp/`pkstnh`-oh`ekr`k-go-prkcotks4. @iossk ol3 5>/16/ 5109.
E@HHK_, U. M. Borodin`lodtk g` I`gon` go Yuprnlodtks/ Hkbìstni` Olpros`rn`h Olpros`rn`h.. ?. og. Qkrtk @hobro3 Ekkjl`d Ogntkr` @Y, 5117.
I@LQKY, U. U.: YW@HHNVNOUN, F.: V@UB@Y, L. @.: L@WKY, L. (Krb.). Qkhìtni`s Ost`gu`ns p`r` @rr`dcks Qrkgutnvks Hki`ns dk Yuh, Yugosto o Iodtrk-Kosto gk Er`snh . Unk go C`donrk3 O-p`pors, 5101. Gnspkdìvoh ol3 8edgos.bkv.er/YntoEDGOY/oxpkrt/sntos/gof`uht/ edgos[pt/B`horn`s/@rqunvks/olp edgos[pt/B`horn` s/@rqunvks/olpros`/posquns`/Ik ros`/posquns`/Ikdskhng`i`k[@ dskhng`i`k[@QHs[Yuh[Yugosto.p QHs[Yuh[Yugosto.pgf4. gf4. @iossk ol3 1?/16/510 1?/16/5109. 9.
IKUUON@ DOWK, C. F. Oh`ekr`âék o @v`hn`âék go Qrkcotks go Ndvostnlodtks Ndvostnlodtks33 ikdsngor`dgk k rnsik. Unk go C`donrk3 Ohsovnor, 511>. GKUDOH@Y, C. I. @. Olproodgogkrnslk3 tr`dsfkrl`dgk ngon`s ol dobùinks. 7. og. Unk go C`donrk3 Ohsovnor, 5105. FHO_U^, @. I. I.: FHO_U^, L. W. H. Ostr`tîbn`s Iklpotntnv`s o Iklpotãdin`s Ossodin`ns3 porspoitnv`s p`r` ` ndtord`inkd`hnz`âék g` ndgóstrn` dk Er`snh. Bosték o Qrkguâék, Qrkguâék, Yék I`rhks, d. 5, `bkstk 5119, 5119, p. 05>-077.
FUOOL@DD, I. Wmo ‘D`tnkd`h Yystol kf Nddkv`tnkd“ nd mnstkrni`h porspoitnvo. I`lerngbo Ckurd`h kf Oikdklnis, Oikdklnis, 0>>?, d. 0>, p. ?-57. Gnspkdìvoh ol3 8bhkeohnis`i`goly.krb/5100[ pgf/Frool`d%51DYN%51mnstk pgf/Frool`d%51 DYN%51mnstkrn`h%51porsp rn`h%51porspoitnvo.pgf4. oitnvo.pgf4. @iossk ol3 57/17/5107. BKLOY, I. F. Y. Bosték g` I`gon` go Yuprnlodtk Ndtobr`g` á Woidkhkbn` g` Ndfkrl`âék. Yék Q`uhk3 Qnkdonr` Wmklskd Wmklskd Ho`rdndb, 5117. M@YMNLKWK, L. Ndkv`âék `tr`vîs gk lkgohk go dobùink. Nd Nd33 Uovnst` Qoquod`s Olpros`s Br`dgos Dobùinks. Dobùinks. Vorsék kd-hndo. Gnspkdìvoh ol3 8rovnst`pobd.bhkek.ikl/
Uovnst`/Ikllkd/1,,OLN59>>51-02070,11-NDKV@I@K+@WU@VOY+GK+LKGOHK+GO+DO BKINK.mtlh4. @iossk ol3 12/>/5109 12/>/5109..
MOIJHOU, M. Qosquns` go Iklpkrt`lodtk go Ikdsulk go Osirntùrnks go Ikwkrjndb. Wr`e`hmk go br`gu`âék (Qrkcotk go Ikdihusék go Iursk) ’ Osikh` go @glndnstr`âék ’ Gop`rt`lodtk go Inãdin`s @glndnstr`tnv`s, _dnvorsng`go Fogor`h gk Unk Br`dgo gk Yuh. Qkrtk @hobro3 5105. Gnspkdìvoh ol3 8hulo.ufrbs.er/entstro`l/ m`dgho/010=9/62761/111=6=9 m`dgho/010=9/6 2761/111=6=962.pgf;soquodio
