An Introduction to Vulgar Latin

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AN INTRODUCTION TO

VULGAR LATIN

^

C. H.

BY

GRANDGENT

Pkofessor of Romance Languages in Harvard University

D.

C.

HEATH &

BOSTON

CO.,

PUBLISHERS

NEW YORK c

CHICAGO

e'fi

Copyright,

By

D. C.

1907,

Heath &

213

Printed in U. S. A.

Co.

;

PREFACE. ^/"HILE

this

Romance

book

intended primarily for students of

is

Philology,

it will,

Classical scholars as well.

making,

I

I hope,

Although

have endeavored to keep

of current scholarship.

I

have

it,

it

be of some interest to has been long in the

at every stage, abreast

tried, furthermore, to treat all

portions of the subject, not exhaustively, but with even fulness I fear, however, that the Syntax is

— perhaps unavoidably —

somewhat scanty as compared with the other

be seen that

I

for the guidance of those

My

topics.

who wish

principal authorities

graphy others are cited ;

parts.

It will

have continually furnished abundant references to look further into special

are listed in the Biblio-

in the appropriate places in the text.

C. H.

/?

iii

Grandgent.

TABLE OF CONTENTS. Pages

MAPS The Roman Empire The Neo-Latin Territory in Europe ....... BIBLIOGRAPHY, with Abbreviations PHONETIC ALPHABET and Other Symbols ....

x,xi x xi xiii-xvi

xvii

INTRODUCTION

1-5

VOCABULARY

6-29 6-12

Words and Their Meanings

...

Words used alike in Classic and in Vulgar Latin Words used differently in Classic and in Vulgar Latin

.

.

Sense Restricted

7

Sense Extended

Words used

7-8

in Classic but not in Vulgar Latin

....

Synonyms

10

Particles

Words used

in Vulgar but not in Classic Latin

....

Native Words Foreign Words Post-Verbal

8-9

9 9-10

Substitutes

Derivation

6 7-8

IO-I2 11-12 12

13-29

.

Nouns

Prefixes

,

Prefixes used with Nouns, Adjectives, and Pronouns

Prefixes used with Verbs

.

13 13-16

13-14 14-16 16-28

Suffixes

Suffixes for

Verbs

16-17

Suffixes for

Nouns

18-23 2 3 _2 5

Suffixes for Adjectives Suffixes for

Change

25-26

Adverbs

27-28

of Suffix iv

Table of Contents.

v Pages

Compounds

28-29

Nouns

28

Adjectives

28

Pronouns Verbs Adverbs

28

Prepositions

29

28

28-29

Conjunctions

29

SYNTAX

30-59 30-32 32-41 3 2-34

Order of Words Use of Words Nouns and Adjectives Comparison Numerals Pronouns Personal and Possessive Pronouns

33 33~34 34~38 34 35-36

Demonstratives Interrogatives and Relatives Indefinite

36-37 37-38

Pronouns

Verbs

38

Adverbs Prepositions

38-39 39-4 1

-

Conjunctions

41

Use of Inflections

42-59 42-48

Cases

Locative

42-43

Vocative

43 43~44

Genitive

Dative

.

44-45

.

48

Ablative

Accusative Fall of Declension

Verb-Forms

Impersonal Parts Supine

45~47

48

48 48-51

48-49

Gerund

49

Gerundive

49

Future Active Participle

49

Table op Contents.

vi

Pages Present Participle

50

Perfect Participle

50

Infinitive

50-5 1

Voice

5 I_ 5 2

Mood

5 2 -54

Imperative

52

Subjunctive

2_ 54 54~59 _ 54 56 5

Tense The Perfect Tenses Future and Conditional

56-59

PHONOLOGY

60-143

Syllabication

60-61

Accent

61-68 61-66

Primary Stress Vowels in Hiatus Compound Verbs

61-62

62-63

Iliac, Illic

Ficatum

63 63

•

Numerals Greek Words

64 64-66

Greek Oxytones

64 64-65 65-66

Greek Paroxytones

Greek Proparoxytones

Other Foreign Words Secondary Stress Unstressed Words

Quantity Position

Vowel Quantity Vowels in Hiatus Lengthening before Consonants Disappearance of the Old Quantity Development of a New Quantity

Vowels Greek Vowels Accented Vowels Single Vowels

a

.

66 66-67

67-68 68-77

68-70 71-77

72-73 73—75 75-76 76-77

77-104 78-82 82-91

82-87

82-83

Table of Contents.

vii

Pages S

83-84

*

84

t

84

r

84-85 85-S6 86

o

8 a u Diphthongs

86-87 87