An Analysis of Suffix Derivational Morpheme in Novel Twelft Night

AN ANALYSIS ANALYSIS DERIVATIONAL DERIVATIONAL MORPHEME OF AFFIXES IN TWELFTH NIGHT BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

PROPOSAL

Submitted to Fulfill the Grade of Final Test of English Seminar Subject in the 7 th Semester 

By  Nunik Setyaningsih ( 043131.31082.017 )

SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE - JIA BEKASI

2011 AN ANALYSIS DERIVATIONAL MORPHEME OF AFFIXES IN TWELFTH NIGHT BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

I. INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of the Research

In studying English, we should learn English in a comprehensive way including grammar,

vocabulary,

speaking, listening,

reading

comprehension and many more. For college students who are majoring in English, studying English is becoming more complicated because we learn it more deeply and many subjects to be learnt too. For example the term of  suffix and prefix, is not very familiar since it is a technical word. It used so often, but we do not know the term to call it.  Novel is one of the writing arts in the world, the definition of novel is a fictional prose narrative of considerable length, typically having a plot that is unfolded by the actions, speech, and thoughts of the characters. The first recognized novel in England is Robinson Crusoe (1719) by Daniel Defoe. In a novel we can find some word that change the part of speech after get suffix or prefix derivational morpheme like adjective to adverb, noun to adverb, verb to adjective and so on. In linguistics, morphology is the identification, analysis and description of the structure of a given language's morphemes and other  linguistic units, such as words, affixes, parts of speech, intonation/stress, or implied context. Derivational morphology changes the meaning of words by applying derivations. Derivation is the combination of a word stem with a morpheme, which forms a new word, which is often of a different class. For example, develop becomes development, developmental or redevelop. It is necessary for us to understand meaning of phrases, clauses, or 

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sentences in writing works. It can help us to understand the message, information, or knowledge which is contained. From the problem above, the writer interested in having a reseach about morphology study and choose novel as one of media to be researched. By the reason, The writer interested in choosing a tittle “An Analysis of affixes’ derivational morpheme in novel twelfth night by William Shakespeare ”.

B. The Identification of The Reseach The aims of this research are to describe affixes derivational morpheme in novel Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare.

C. The Scope of the research

The reseacher limit and focus the observation to the words that contain affixes derivational morpheme to change the meaning and the class word.

D. The Statement of the problem

Based on the description above the reseacher is going to show some problems on the research, they are: 1.

What kinds of affixes derivational morpheme in Novel twelfth night by William Shakespeare?

2.

What are part of speech that change in Novel twelfth night by William Shakespeare?

E. The Objective of the Research

The objective of research are to describe affixes derivational morpheme and the change of part of speech in novel Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare based on Morphological theories.

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F.

The Significance of the Research

The significance of this research is to provide a description about words that contains affixes derivational morpheme. This research is also expected to be useful to the writer and readers to describe about affixes derivational morpheme, especially in novel. It is also hoped can give some contributions and information to the readers who interested in morphology study, particularly in studying affixes derivational morpheme.

II.

A.

THEORYTICAL FRAMEWORK 

The Definition of Morphology

Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words, and of  the rules by which words are formed. This word itself consists of two morpheme, morph + ology. The morphemic suffix –ology means “science of” of “branch of knowledge was concerning”. Thus, the meaning of morphology is the science of word form Victoria Fromkin (1998:69) In linguistics, morphology is the identification, analysis and description of the structure of a given language's morphemes and other  linguistic units, such as words, affixes,  parts of speech, intonation/stress, or  implied context. Affixes morpheme can be divided into two major functional categories, namely derivational morpheme and inflectional morphemes. This reflects recognition of two participial word building processes: inflection and derivation. While all morphologists accept this distinction in some form, it is nevertheless one of the most contentious issues in morphological theory. Francis Katamba (1993:47)

B.

The Definition of Affixes

In linguistics, derivation is the process of forming a new word on the basis of an existing word, e.g. happi-ness and un-happy from happy, or  determination from determine. Derivation stands in contrast to the process of 

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inflection, which uses another kind of affix in order to form grammatical variants of the

same word,

as with determine/determine-s/determin-

ing/determin-ed. Generally speaking, inflection applies to all members of a part of speech (e.g., every English verb has a past-tense form), while derivation applies only to some members of a part of speech (e.g., the nominalizing suffix -ity can be used with the adjectives modern and dense, but not with open or  strong). A derivational suffix usually applies to words of one syntactic category and changes them into words of another  syntactic category. For example, the English derivational suffix -ly changes adjectives into adverbs (slow → slowly).

C.

Affixes in Novel

A novel is a book of long narrative in literary  prose. The genre has historical roots both in the fields of the medieval and early modern romance and in the tradition of the novella. The latter supplied the present generic term in the late 18th century. Further definition of the genre is historically difficult. The construction of the narrative, the  plot, the way reality is created in the works of fiction, the fascination of the character study, and the use of language are usually discussed to show a novel's artistic merits. Most of these requirements were introduced in the 16th and 17th centuries, in order to give fiction a justification outside the field of factual history. The individualism of  the presentation makes the personal memoir  and the autobiography the two closest

relatives

among

the

genres

of

modern

histories.

(http://en.wikipedia.org) The fictional narrative, the novel's distinct "literary" prose, specific media requirements (the use of paper and print), a characteristic subject matter that creates both intimacy and a typical epic depth can be seen as features that developed with the Western (and modern) market of fiction. The separation of  a field of histories from a field of literary fiction fueled the evolution of these features in the last 400 years.

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III.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Setting of the Research In order to collect the data, the writer also got references to fulfill the data research at Atmajaya University Jakarta and STBA JIA Library. The writer collects the data from various kinds of books to be used in the process of analyzing the affixes derivational morpheme in novel Twelfth Night.

B. Subject of the Research

This study uses observation and documentation technique by reading, analyzing, and collecting supporting sources and books in order to get valid and reliable data. They are literary studies: The literary study is the way to collect the data which is taken from the work of art. The following are the techniques to collect the data: 1. First, the writer reads the novel Twelfth Night to get the main idea of the meaning. 2. Second, the writer re-reads the text to get more detailed data she needs. It needs to find some data to be analyzed including the data about: a. The affix derivational morpheme words in the novel.  b. The dominant prefix and suffix words found. c. The story of the novel. 3. The writer analyzed the novel to sort the prefix and suffix words that found. Those are the techniques to be used be the researcher to collect the data. The techniques is carried out accurately and comprehensively.

C. Method of The Research

Qualitative methods provide results that are usually rich and detailed, offering many ideas and concepts to inform the program.

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Qualitative research results are considered thought of as themes, they should not be reported as percentages, subjected to statistical analysis or   projected to a broader population. The most common tools used in qualitative research are focus groups and individual in-depth interviews. In addition, many innovative methodologies may be appropriate for helping to learn more about the audiences. Here are some features of naturalistic research method. First, source data is reasonable situation or natural setting. Second, the researcher thus gather data based on observations of the natural situation, as they are, regardless of purpose. Descriptive data should be collected as much as outlined in the report form. Concerned with both process and  product. So, in the implementation of the study also consider the process.

D. The Instrument of The Research

In this study, the researcher is the instrument. I am myself analyze or participate in researching and observe the objects. In this case, the researcher is a key instrument. Besides, the another instrument is interview.

E. The techniques of Data Analysis

In this study, the writer uses descriptive analysis techniques. These thecniques are suitable to be used in literary study because it can give a clear and comprehensive understanding of the work of art in question. 1. Descriptive Analysis Descriptive analysis is a technique which describes something the way it is. It means that the data which are analyzed include the fact and the phenomenom which are emprically true. In thiscase, the writer analyzes from the Novel. The following are the steps to analyse the data: a) First, all the collected data is classified into an analysis Affixes Derivational Morpheme in novel Twelfth Night.

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 b) Second, the classified data is selected to get particularly necessitated data. c) Third, the selected data is analyzed and discussed using relevan theories and techniques.

2. Qualitative Analysis The qualitative research has five characteristics. They are: a) Qualitative research has natural setting, as the direct source of data and the reseacher is the key instrument.  b) Qualitative research is a descriptive research. c) Qualitative research concerns with the process than simply with outcome or porduct. d) Qualitative research tends to analyze their data inductively. e) Qualitative is of essential concern to the qualitative approach.

F.

The Procedure of Research

The writer divides the thecniques for collecting data into two. They are library and literary research. 1. Library research Library research is the process of collecting data through  books and references to find theories which have correlation with the research to add knowledge and strengthen the script.

2. Literary Research In this research the writer refers to the subject of the research Novel Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare . Before analyzing every aspect of Affixes Derivational Morpheme, the writer read and tried to understand its content. After decided to analyze the Prefix and Suffix words, he tried to understand each Prefix and Suffix words to be analyzed.

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