Amtrak Trackside WiFi RFP introduction
Short Description
This is the introductory document that summarises the Amtrak RFP for trackside WiFi whose goal is to replace the irregul...
Description
Trackside Wireless Broadband Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor Introduction and Background May 13, 2014
Amtrak National Railroad Passenger Corporation 60 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E. Washington, DC 20002
Confidential
Table of Contents 1
Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Definition of a Trackside Wireless Broadband Network ....................................................................... 1 1.2 Background on Amtrak .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 History of Amtrak’s Wi‐Fi ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 The Amtrak Fleet ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Northeast Corridor ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.5.1
Amtrak Major Mechanical Depots ............................................................................................ 5
1.5.2
Amtrak Right of Way Assets ..................................................................................................... 5
1.5.3
Tunnels and Bridges .................................................................................................................. 6
1.6 Existing On‐board Wi‐Fi System ............................................................................................................ 6 2
Business Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Marketplace Competitor ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Enhance Customer Satisfaction ............................................................................................................. 8 2.3 Improve Operational Efficiency ............................................................................................................. 8 2.4 Cost Effective & Sustainable .................................................................................................................. 8 2.5 Reduce reliance on Cellular Networks .................................................................................................. 8 2.6 Deliver scalable broadband capacity ..................................................................................................... 9
1
INTRODUCTION N Am mtrak is seekingg to identify a Contractor wh ho can design, procure, installl, test, operatee, and maintain a ssecure tracksid de wireless broadband netwo ork (TSN) on Am mtrak’s Northeeast Corridor (N NEC). The purpose of this TTSN is to provid de passengers aboard Amtra k’s Wi‐Fi equip pped trains on the NEC with aa ent broadband‐‐speed Interne et connection. relliable, consiste The Statement of Work (SOW) outlines the taasks, requirem ments, and delivverables for the design, ocurement, insstallation, testiing, and operation and mainttenance of thee TSN. Any solu ution proposed d pro by a Contractor sshall include all hardware, so oftware, faciliti es, utilities, an nd labor requirred to meet thee quirements, un nless otherwise e specified herrein. req
1.1
DEFINITION OF AA TRACKSIDE WIRRELESS BROADBAN ND NETWORK A ttrackside wireless broadband d network (TSN N) is defined ass a wayside com mmunications system spe ecifically designed and built ffor use by both h conventionall and high‐speeed trains. A TSSN is usually commissioned an nd owned by the rail operato or, although in some cases th he network maay be deployed d with a businesss model to reco oup capital andd operating co osts over time. Base stations by a third party w e installed in, o or close to, the e wayside with antennas orieented to provid de continuous ccoverage alongg are the e rail tracks. A All equipment ffurnished by Co ontractor durinng performancce of the servicces shall become the prop perty of Amtrak. d along the right‐of‐way Figgure 1 below illustrates a nottional TSN design. Base‐stati ons are spaced (RO OW) at intervaals determined primarily by the radio frequ ency used, loccal topography, and RF intterference. Basse station cove erage overlaps so that shouldd one fail, the aadjacent base sstations will pro ovide an adequ uate signal to tthe train. Base e stations are ttypically conneected to a central backhaul network comprissed of fiber alo ong the ROW (aas shown), or uusing intermed diate microwavve links to the nearest fiber acccess point.
Figgure 1 ‐ Private T Trackside Netwo ork Notional Arcchitecture
1.2
BACKGROUND O ON AMTRAK Am mtrak is the nattion’s intercityy passenger and d high‐speed rrail provider. A A record 31.6 m million passengers trave eled on Amtrakk in FY 2013 with 11.4 millionn of those passsengers on the Northeast orridor. Each w weekday the Am mtrak system ccarries 66,000 passengers, off whom 38 perrcent are Co business travelerrs, 18 percent aare commuters, and 44 perceent are leisuree travelers. mtrak operatess more than 30 05 daily trains tthat connect 4 6 states, the D District of Colum mbia, and threee Am Canadian Provincces with stops at 500 stations. In addition, Amtrak operattes trains in paartnership with h onfidential Co
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fifteen states and four commuter rail agencies, such as the Cascades service in Washington and Oregon; and the Capital Corridor, Pacific Surfliner, and San Joaquin for the State of California with support by Caltrans Division of Rail. Amtrak collaborates with all state partners when seeking to establish new standards for equipment onboard trains. 1.3
HISTORY OF AMTRAK’S WI‐FI In March 2010, Amtrak launched its first Wi‐Fi service, known as AmtrakConnect, aboard Acela Express trains. Amtrak has continued to rollout AmtrakConnect Wi‐Fi to other parts of its fleet and now covers more than 85 percent of Amtrak’s ridership base. Wi‐Fi has also been installed on State‐ supported services in California, Washington, Oregon, and Illinois. On average, Amtrak’s Wi‐Fi solution provides 10 Mbps download speed to trains traveling along the NEC with an average of 142 end‐user devices connecting on a single train, reaching peaks of up to 278 devices. While measurable improvements in Wi‐Fi customer satisfaction have been achieved through recent upgrades to 4G LTE; factors such as population growth in the U.S Northeast, projected increases in future train ridership, and an exponential increase in the usage of data‐hungry devices such as smart phones and tablets indicate that benefits from recent improvements cannot be sustained. A long‐term dedicated and expandable solution will be required to support the existing and future Wi‐Fi demands of our passengers. Adding to our challenges, airlines and buses are aggressively expanding the availability and quality of their passenger Wi‐Fi services, publicly promising future broadband speeds that exceed Amtrak’s current capabilities. Amtrak’s competitors are acknowledging that Wi‐Fi has become an expected passenger amenity. To meet demand, Amtrak must improve upon the current passenger experience by providing additional capacity and a more consistent Internet experience. The right TSN solution will deliver more than enough bandwidth to allow the streaming of videos and music while not affecting the casual Internet browser. Amtrak conducted an extensive feasibility study to identify future capacity needs, and the most viable solution for providing such an increase in capacity. This study included market research findings, competitive analyses, case studies of enhanced network solutions supporting other passenger rail providers, and a technology assessment. The feasibility study demonstrates that Amtrak must improve upon its current Wi‐Fi solution to remain viable in a travel sector that is becoming increasingly competitive. Ensuring a positive passenger experience will require the migration to a dedicated TSN solution that is better able to meet our passengers’ data and applications demands. A dedicated TSN will have the ability to provide greater data speeds than the current cellular‐based solution. Additional information about the Amtrak fleet, the NEC, and the existing on‐board Wi‐Fi system can be found in the following sections.
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1.4
THE AMTRAK FLEET This section provides an overview of the Amtrak‐owned fleet and relationships with other rail partners. Amtrak‐owned equipment includes Acela Express train sets, Amfleet, Superliner, and other railroad passenger cars totaling 1,540 units. Amtrak also is the operator for state‐supported corridor services in 15 states and for 4 commuter rail agencies in which the states own the rolling stock. Amtrak has 113 Wi‐Fi Communication Control Units (CCU) active within the NEC. Twenty of those are on the Acela train sets which is a fixed consist1, and 90 are installed in café cars and a few cab cars which can move from one train consist to another. The following trains travel for extended periods of time outside the NEC and do not have Wi‐Fi but may in the future: Silver Meteor, Silver Star, Lakeshore Limited, Crescent, Piedmont, The Cardinal. With the exception of Acela Express, Amtrak trains do not operate with a fixed consist. Additionally, it is common for cars of different types to be mixed together in a consist, and it is possible for cars from one train to be split apart and used on different trains. It is also possible for a consist to be split apart during its route, and to have different cars from the original consist travel on separate routes. NORTHEAST CORRIDOR
1.5
Amtrak operates on the 457‐mile NEC between termini at Washington, DC and Boston, MA. The NEC line is a fully‐electrified system using voltages of 12.0 – 12.5 kV at either 25 Hz or 60 Hz. The catenary that carries this power is not available for use by TSN. Figure 2 shows the ownership of the right‐of‐ way and which State supported trains also use the NEC. The NEC is home to one of the busiest and most complex track structures in the United States with over 1,800 operating trains each weekday, including slow freight trains traveling at speeds of 30‐50 mph, commuter trains that travel at speeds up to 125 mph, Amtrak regional trains that travel at 110 or 125 mph, and Acela Express trains that can reach speeds of 150 mph. Locations on the NEC are identified by Mile Posts. There are two starting points which are artifacts from the early days for the railroad – Philadelphia (PHL) and New York City (NYP – the P is for Penn station). From NYP north to Boston is MP 0 to MP 229.0. MetroNorth has its own MP designation for the section that it owns, which Amtrak includes that mileage in its MPs. South from NYP to PHL are MP 0 to MP 88 and from PHL to Washington (WAS) are MP 0 to MP 134.62. Use of the Mile Posts to the tenth of mile will help identify the exact location of Amtrak assets such as huts, power feeds, bridges, and tunnels in the NEC. The amount of wayside available for use varies by location and will be determined best by site surveys. So too, will determining the type of ground: sandy soil, rock, vegetation, and height of ground water. Below are two images that depict the ownership and location of some of the NEC stations. 1
The term consist is used to describe the group of rail cars which make up a train.
2
Mile Posts are recorded in tenth of a mile. The NYP to PHL section actually ends 1.5 miles before 30th street
station at the Philadelphia Zoo.
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Figure 2 ‐ Amtrak's Northeast Corridor
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Figure 3 ‐ Amtrak's Northeast Corridor stations.
1.5.1
AMTRAK MAJOR MECHANICAL DEPOTS
Along the NEC, Amtrak has major mechanical depots located in Washington, D.C., Wilmington, DE, Philadelphia, PA, New York, NY, and Boston, MA. The Ivy City Maintenance Yard in Washington, D.C. shall be the primary yard for any on‐train work that the technology solution requires. 1.5.2
AMTRAK RIGHT OF WAY ASSETS
The deployment of any technology solution along Amtrak’s right‐of‐way (ROW) shall leverage the existing physical infrastructure to minimize the cost. Assets include power sources, protective cabinets, backbone interconnection, and other needs. Amtrak has conducted a high‐level assessment of all existing infrastructure along the NEC belonging to Amtrak and various third parties. While not a complete and in‐depth assessment, it provides information on what is available to be used, and at what cost, and whether there are any restrictions, covenants, or other impediments to its use. The following physical assets were researched in the assessment noted above.
Railway stations – Stations at which Acela Express and Northeast Regional services stop. Huts and buildings within the ROW that house and serve fiber communications. Huts and buildings within the ROW that host radio communications. Third‐party tower/mast locations within 2 miles of the ROW. Fiber Optic Cable Availability – There will be capacity on a fiber backbone for use along the entire NEC.
Additional operational data will also be overlaid with the asset data to indicate where trackside infrastructure is most urgently needed. Confidential
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Figure 5 – Cellular coverage along a section of the NEC ROW
Figure 5 shows an example from the Amtrak Asset Database of cellular coverage along a portion of the NEC right‐of‐way between Wilmington and Philadelphia. The vertical bars denote cellular signal strength in dBm while the colors denote network mode e.g. 4G LTE, 3G HSPA or UMTS, or 2G GPRS, for example. This data helps Amtrak understand where cellular services are most challenged and a trackside infrastructure would be of most benefit.
Figure 6 – Radio planning and available assets along a section of the NEC ROW
Figure 6 illustrates the potential use of the Asset Database for trackside network planning. Assets such as fiber access points along the ROW can be shown, with possible sites for wayside radio base stations and corresponding coverage overlaid. 1.5.3
TUNNELS AND BRIDGES
The NEC passes through a total of 17 tunnels, some of the more notable being the North River Tunnels (2.75 miles) in New York, and the Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel (1.6 miles) in Baltimore. The included PDF document entitled “Amtrak Clearance Diagram 05‐1355 Rev E,” Appendix 3, shows Amtrak’s static and dynamic clearance outline. 1.6
EXISTING ON‐BOARD WI‐FI SYSTEM The figure below provides an overview of the current AmtrakConnect Wi‐Fi system architecture. Each train consist has a communications control unit (CCU) located within a single car in the consist, typically the café car. This car is referred to as the ‘brain’ car for that consist. The CCU uses multiple Confidential
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concurrent 3G and 4G cellular links supplied by all four major US carriers (Verizon, AT&T, Sprint, and T‐ Mobile) to provide as much Internet capacity as possible to the train. This connection is distributed wirelessly to Wi‐Fi access points (APs) located throughout the train so that passengers have Internet connectivity everywhere on board the train. The aggregated traffic is sent from the train via antennas mounted on the rooftop of the brain car over the commercial cellular networks to servers at the East Coast datacenter where packets are re‐assembled, white/black listing is checked, and the packets are sent on to the Internet. On return, large‐file downloads are stopped and all streaming of video or music is removed.
Figure 7 ‐ Amtrak's current Wi‐Fi system architecture
As noted above, the current on‐board system relies on the networks of the four major cellular providers for its backhaul. These are the same networks used by the general public for mobile voice and data consumption both on the train as well as train‐side. The contention for connections, and thus bandwidth, is strong and changes dynamically from minute to minute. In addition, cellular providers locate their towers in densely populated areas in order to maximize the revenue generated for the investment in the tower infrastructure. Thus, cell towers are not necessarily located along the NEC. As a result, cellular coverage along the ROW is inconsistent. Due to the variation in the quality and performance of these connections, the amount of achievable throughput is neither consistent nor predictable, and generally not up to the task of supporting a true, reliable broadband experience for Amtrak’s customers. To deliver an even distribution of available bandwidth to its Wi‐Fi users, Amtrak has adopted various measures including content restriction and rate limiting. The first inhibits some Internet activities known to use large amounts of bandwidth, such as streaming video and large file downloads. The second throttles Internet use on a per‐user basis, limiting throughput to maintain an equitable experience for all. These traffic shaping processes are essential to Amtrak’s ability to provide passengers with a quality, basic Wi‐Fi service that enables email browsing, access to social media, and web browsing.
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2 2.1
BUSINESS OBJECTIVES MARKETPLACE COMPETITOR Amtrak is seeking a method of train‐to‐ground communication (Trackside Network) that is (a) superior to the existing cellular system installed on the Acela and Northeast Regional trains; (b) of sufficient technical advancement to deliver consistent, uninterrupted connectivity with the best possible speed, quality, and reliability; and (c) will scale to meet user demand in the future. The trackside network (TSN) will create a secure, fault‐tolerant train‐to‐ground link between the train and the fiber backhaul to the Internet. This new TSN will allow Amtrak to be competitive for the traveler’s dollars in the tight Northeast market.
2.2
ENHANCE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Amtrak wishes to provide riders with an improved AmtrakConnect Wi‐Fi service of the highest possible quality during rail travel, making their journey more productive and enjoyable. Research has shown that the riding public will place a significant and growing demand upon an on‐train Internet connection.
2.3
IMPROVE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY Amtrak has a variety of ongoing programs that will increasingly require a reliable, real‐time link between on‐train equipment and back‐office systems. Such programs include, but are not limited to, on‐board passenger information systems (OBIS); IP‐based video surveillance for passenger and rolling stock security; e‐ticketing and concession point‐of‐sale; and condition‐based monitoring of IP‐enabled train components. The Trackside Network will improve Amtrak’s ability to effectively monitor on‐train systems, help reduce cost, and improve operational efficiency.
2.4
COST EFFECTIVE & SUSTAINABLE Amtrak has made substantial investments in physical infrastructure along the NEC Right Of Way (ROW). Any solution shall leverage the existing investments to minimize the cost and avoid any duplication of infrastructure along the ROW. Wireless data solutions and standards are developing at an extremely rapid pace. Any solution should be designed and deployed in a way that will enable efficient upgrades to the hardware and software over time.
2.5
REDUCE RELIANCE ON CELLULAR NETWORKS Today the AmtrakConnect Wi‐Fi service uses commercial cellular networks for train‐to‐ground communications. It is a key objective of the TSN to deliver a sufficiently improved and scalable level of service to allow Amtrak to phase out use of cellular networks as the primary train‐to‐ground method of communication. While cellular networks may be used as a secondary method for redundancy and/or for connectivity in locations where construction or operation of a trackside infrastructure is not feasible, Amtrak aspires to have control over technical, operational, and budgetary aspects of all communications systems aboard its fleet in the future.
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2.6
DELIVER SCALABLE BROADBAND CAPACITY Amtrak is restricted in the performance and quality of its AmtrakConnect service due to the technical and commercial nature of commercial cellular networks. Amtrak has to contend with other users of the same cell towers, and those towers are not optimized for coverage of the NEC tracks. The TSN will provide a dedicated infrastructure, the sole purpose of which is to deliver high‐capacity connectivity to Amtrak trains. The result will be faster Internet for passengers, greater bandwidth for operational applications, and most importantly a connection that will scale at Amtrak’s sole discretion to meet demand for throughput in a way that is not possible with commercial cellular networks.
2.7
PROOF OF CONCEPT Amtrak has selected an approximately 10‐mile long segment of the Right of Way on the south end of the NEC in Delaware for the Proof of Concept (POC). The following link provides an overview of the POC: https://www.dropbox.com/s/sr5ralgbsr3k82r/amtrak_PoCvideo_0514_large_HD.mp4 The purpose of the POC will be to test out the concepts and design of the trackside network to ensure that it meets the stated requirements of delivering enough throughput capacity to allow video streaming, music downloads or streaming, and other activities that are simply out of reach today at inter‐city train speeds.
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