Amplificadores Operacionales, Resumen Amplificadores Operacionales.

 

Hlrhultms Fefoøclhms LL

Embnr`7 Ouls Embnr`7  Ouls A`refejm Cutlìrr`z Cutlìrr`z Højlcm7 Højlcm7 >6:;3:300

Trma`smr7 Kìhtmr Kucm Zmrr`s Mrt`cf X`hhløe X`hhløe77 J40 Kmrfrlm7 Oue`s y Blìrhmo`s j` 0744 f 3744 TB

Zfr`f 67 67 ^`sub`e Fbpolalhfjmr`s Mp`rfhlmefo`s

Hlrhultms Fefoøclhms LL

Ouls A`refejm Cutlìrr`z Cutlìrr`z

 

Fbpolalhfjmr`s Mp`rfhlmefo`s Hmemhljm tfbnlìe høbm ‛“Fbp. Mp.““ `e r`foljfj sme om prlehlpfo `e of nfs` j` tmjf of

bft`rlf j` of `o`htrøelhf fefoøclhf, `o fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmef mp`rfhlmefoo `s ue tlpm j` fbpolalhfjmr, ue fbpolalhfjmr `s hufoqul`r `o`b`etm qu` o` pme`s uef s`öfo j` `etrfjf y f of sfoljf t`ejr`bms uef s`öfo lehr`b`etfjf, lehr`b`etfjf, j`p`ej` of s`öfo y pmr mnvl`jfj `o tlpm j` fbpolalhfjmr.

@o sâbnmom qu` utlolzfbms pfrf `o fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo `s ue trlfecuom hme uef `etrfjf e`cftlvf (lev`rsmrf) y mtrf pmsltlvf (EM lev`rsmrf), tl`e` uef sfoljf, y tl`e` jms au`et`s j` folb`etfhløe, uef j` vmotfg` pmsltlvm y mtrf j` vmotfg` e`cftlvm (@g`bpom7 Alc. 46) , ,  sle `oofs em auehlmefrâf `o hmbpme`et` yf qu` sme buy v`rsætlo`s `e f of kmrf j` b`t`ro`s vmotfg`, y yf qu` kfy crfe hfetljfj j` fbpolalhfjmr`s, sme tfe s`eslno`s qu` ue fbpolalhfjmr pu`j` t`e`r j` 644.444 f 844.444 j` cfefehlf `sm lehousm pmr ue blolvmot `o fbpolalhfjmr pmjrâf jlstleculr qu` vmotfg` j` sfoljf jfr.

Alc. 46

@o slcul`et` Fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo (Alc. 4>)

Alc. 4>

@s uef amrbf `e of qu` em tl`e` r`trmfolb`etfhløe y `stf hmbpfrf ofs jms `etrfjfs y sfhf uef `e r`ofhløe j` of qu` of `etrfjf s`f of bfymr.

2{+6 5 > {∞ 6 ? >  

 

Hlrhultms Fefoøclhms LL

Ouls A`refejm Cutlìrr`z Cutlìrr`z

 

 

Fbpolalhfjmrr mp`rfhlmef Fbpolalhfjm mp`rfhlmefoo lev`rsmr @e ue hlrhultm fbpolalhfjmr lev`rsmr of `etrfjf lev`rsmrf j`o fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo mp`rfhlmefo r`hln` r`trmfolb`etfhløe j` of sfoljf j`o blsbm fbpolalhfjmr. (alc. 48) Xupmel`ejm qu` `o fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo `s lj`fo y fpolhfejm `o hmeh`ptm j` hmrtm hlrhultm vlrtufo `e oms t`rblefo`s j` `etrfjf j`o fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo, `o vmotfg` `e `o t`rblefo lev`rsmr tl`e` qu` s`r lcufo fo t`rblefo em lev`rsmr. Of `etrfjf em lev`rsmrf j`o fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo `stæ hme`htfjf f tl`rrf. Hmbm of cfefehlf j`o fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo yf j` pmr sl `e sl `s buy fotf y of sfoljf j`o fbpolalhfjmr `s smom hu`stløe j` uems pmhms vmotlms, `stm slcelalhf qu` of jla`r`ehlf `etr` oms jms t`rblefo`s j` `etrfjf `s `xtr`bfjfb`et` `xtr`bfjfb `et` p`qu`öf y pu`j` lcemrfrs`. Hmbm of `etrfjf em lev`rsmrf j`o fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo s` bfetl`e` fo pmt`ehlfo j` tl`rrf, `stm slcelalhf qu` of `etrfjf lev`rsmrf j`n` `stfr vlrtufob`et` fo pmt`ehlfo j` tl`rrf.

mp`rfhlmefo em lev`rsmr Fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo

Alc. 48

Qm 2 ∞ ^A  Ql ^l

Fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefoo lev`rsmr Fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmef

@o fbpolalhfjmr em lev`rsmr `s uem `e `o qu` of sfoljf `stæ `e afs` hme r`sp`htm f of `etrfjf. Of r`trmfolb`etfhløe r`trmfolb`etfhløe s` fpolhf `e of `etrfjf lev`rsmrf, of `etrfjf fkmrf s` fpolhf `e of `etrfjf em lev`rsmrf, of sfoljf `s uef v`rsløe fbpolalhfjf j` `etrfjf em lev`rtljf (`e tìrblems j` afs`). Of cfefehlf j`o hlrhultm fbpolalhfjmr em lev`rsmr pfrf `o fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo `s aæhlo j` j`t`rblefr. @o hæohuom j`p`ej` j`o k`hkm j` qu` `o vmotfg` `e fbnfs `etrfjfs `s `o blsbm. @stm surc` j`o k`hkm j` qu` of cfefehlf j`o fbpolalhfjmr `s `xtr`bfjfb`et` `xtr`bfjfb `et` fotf. Xl of sfoljf j`o hlrhultm p`rbfe`h` j`etrm j` oms rl`o`s j` sublelstrm j`o fbpolalhfjmr, `etmeh`s `o vmotfg` j` sfoljf jlvljljm pmr of cfefehlf slcelalhf qu` præhtlhfb`et` em kfy jla`r`ehlf `etr` ofs jms `etrfjfs. Pe `g`bpom s`râf `o j` of alc. 4:

Hlrhultms Fefoøclhms LL

Ouls A`refejm Cutlìrr`z Cutlìrr`z

 

Alc. 4:

 +    

Fbpolalhfjmr Jla`r`ehlfo Fbpolalhfjmr Mtrm tlpm hmb÷e j` hlrhultm fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo oofbfjm Fbpolalhfjmr jla`r`ehlfo, næslhfb`et` oms fbpolalhfjmr`s mp`rfhlmefo`s sme fbpolalhfjmr`s jla`r`ehlfo`s j`nljm f su hmealcurfhløe j` `etrfjf. T`rm huejm hme`htfbms uef s`öfo j` vmotfg` `e ue t`rblefo j` `etrfjf y mtrf s`öfo j` vmotfg` `e `o mtrm t`rblefo j` `etrfjf, `o vmotfg` j` sfoljf r`suotfet` s`ræ prmpmrhlmefo f of jla`r`ehlf `etr` ofs jms s`öfo`s j` vmotfg` j` `etrfjf j` Q6 y Q>. @g`bpom alc. 40. 

  6+> 42∞  6 6 42∞  6 6∞> 

Alc. 40

@stm lbpolhf qu` of cfefehlf j`o fbpolalhfjmr jla`r`ehlfo `s jfjm pmr7

∞  

@o fbpolalhfjmr j` of alc. 40 pu`j` bmjlalhfrs` j` buhkfs bf bfe`rfs, e`rfs, om qu` r`suotf `e vfrlms jls`öms j` hlrhultms, lehouljms `o fbpolalhfjmr jla`r`ehlfo j` pu`et` Sk`ftstme`, `o fbpolalhfjmr jla`r`ehlfo fhtlvfjm pmr ouz y `o fbpolalhfjmr j` lestrub`etfhløe. @stms bmjlalhfhlme`s pu`j`e pu`j`e usfrs` pfrf vfrlfs amrbfs, hmbm pm pmrr `g`bpom7 buotlpolhfjmr`s fefoøclhms, let`rruptmr`s, hmetrmofjmr`s j` vmoub`e, hmetrmofjmr`s j` cfefehlf futmbætlhms, bmjuofjmr`s bmjuofjmr`s j` fbpoltuj, `th. y hunr`e uef fbpolf cfbf j` fpolhfhlme`s, lehouljfs ofs j` slst`bfs j` lestrub`etfhløe, lestrub`etfhløe, blhrøamems, fefoøclhm f jlcltfo. hmev`rtljmr`s y blrâfjfs j` fpolhfhlme`s.

Hlrhultms Fefoøclhms LL

Ouls A`refejm Cutlìrr`z Cutlìrr`z

 

X`culjmr j` t`esløe Pe s`culjmr j` vmotfg` (su`o` s`r oofbfjm tfbnlìe hmbm fbpolalhfjmr j` cfefehlf ueltfrlf, fbpolalhfjmr j` nuaa`r y fbpolalhfjmr j` flsofbl`etm) `s ue hlrhultm j` fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo qu` tl`e` uef cfefehlf j` vmotfg` j` 6 smom vmot. Alcurf 41. @stm slcelalhf qu` `o fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo em prmpmrhlmef elecuef fbpolalhfhløe f of s`öfo. Of rfzøe pmr of qu` s` o` o ` oofbf s`culjmr j` vmotfg` `s pmrqu` `o vmotfg` j` sfoljf slcu` jlr`htfb`et` fo vmotfg` j` `etrfjf, om qu` slcelalhf qu` `o vmotfg` j` sfoljf `s `o blsbm qu` `o vmotfg` j` `etrfjf. Pe `g`bpom, sl 64Q `etrf fo fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo hmbm `etrfjf, 64Q sfo` hmbm sfoljf. Pe s`culjmr j` vmotfg` fht÷f hmbm ue fbmrtlcufjmr, fbmrtlcufjmr, sle prmpmrhlmefr fbpolalhfhløe m ft`eufhløe f of s`öfo. 

Alc. 41

Xubfjmr Lev`rsmr  Lev`rsmr  @o fbpolalhfjmr subfjmr utlolzf uef hmealcurfhløe j` fbpolalhfjmr lev`rsmr, `s j`hlr, of `etrfjf s` fpolhf fo t`rblefo j` `etrfjf lev`rsmrf j`o fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo, bl`etrfs qu` `o t`rblefo j` `etrfjf em lev`rsmrf `stæ hme`htfjm f tl`rrf. J`nljm f `stf hmealcurfhløe, of sfoljf j`o subfjmr j` vmotfg` `stæ j`safsfjf hme r`sp`htm f of `etrfjf `e 6;4 crfjms. @o hlrhultm fbpolalhfjmr lev`rsmr tl`e` smom ue vmotfg` `e `o t`rblefo j` `etrfjf lev`rsmrf. Xl s` hme`htfe bæs vmotfg`s j` `etrfjf fo t`rblefo j` `etrfjf lev`rsmrf l ev`rsmrf hmbm s` bu`strf, of sfoljf r`suotfet` s`ræ of subf j` tmjms oms vmotfg`s j` `etrfjf fpolhfjms, p`rm lev`rtljms. Pe hlrhultm hmbm `st` fbpolalhf hfjf s`öfo j` `etrfjf. Of cfefehlf pfrf hfjf `etrfjf `stæ jfjf pmr of r`ofhløe j` of r`slst`ehlf j` r`trmfolb`etfhlø r`trmfolb`etfhløe e ^a f of r`slst`ehlf j` `etrfjf `e blsbf rfbf j`o hlrhultm. Pe `g`bpom s`ehloom `s `o j` of Alc. 43

Alc. 43

Hlrhultms Fefoøclhms LL

Ouls A`refejm Cutlìrr`z Cutlìrr`z

 

 )   2∞(( 2∞ @etmeh`s, pfrf `o fbpolalhfjmr subfjmr qu` s` bu`strf frrlnf, of `hufhløe j` sfoljf s`râf7

2∞(  ) 6+ (  ) >+ (  ) 8  2∞( 6 > 8 @e ue fbpolalhfjmr subfjmr, sl ofs r`slst`ehlfs j` `etrfjf em sme lcufo`s, `o hlrhultm s` oofbf Fbpolalhfjmr subfjmr j` `shfof. Xl s` `olc`e tmjfs ofs r`slst`ehlfs j` `etrfjf pfrf qu` s`fe j` lcufo bfceltuj (^le), `etmeh`s of `hufhløe j` sfoljf j`o fbpolalhfjmr subfjmr pu`j` r``shrlnlrs` hmbm,

 ) 6+>+8 6+>+8  2∞( 2∞( @e c`e`rfo, uef `hufhløe j` sfoljf j`o fbpolalhfjmr subfjmr s` jf hmbm,

 2∞ 6+>+8+........+ 6+>+8+........+ Hmehousløe Hr`m qu` `o mng`tlvm prlehlpfo j`o prma`smr fo j`gfrems `stf tfr`f `rf v`r ` lev`stlcfr f amejm ofs hfpfhljfj`s y b÷otlpo`s usms j`o fbpolalhfjmr mp`rfhlmefo`s yf qu` buhkms v`elbms sle uef lj`f hmehr`tf j` om qu` sme, m j` sl focuef v`z oms k`bms utlolzfjm `e aâslhm m `e præhtlhfs, k` fohfezfjm f hmbpr`ej`r focuefs aørbuofs y `g`bpoms qu` vl (trftì j` r`polhfr uems `e buotlslb y mtrms oms tmbì j` mtrms `g`bpoms qu` vl) pmr fkâ `e vlj`ms, fuequ` b` afotf rfzmefr ue pmhm bæs, `e om p`rsmefo b` afotfrme uems usms j` oms fbpolalhfjmr`s, p`rm f afotf j` `xpolhfhløe ue pmhm bæs hmbpr`eslvf `sp`rfrì f qu` `o prma`smr oms b`ehlme` `e hofs`, pmr om tfetm, `sp`rm kfn`r ym hubpoljm `o mng`tlvm.

Hlrhultms Fefoøclhms LL

Ouls A`refejm Cutlìrr`z Cutlìrr`z