J@YDFNFCJLG[BS LB YG\BACFJ Bd `jaujd qub bacgatrjrê j cgatfaujcfóa bs uaj sàatbsfs lb dj bxpbrfbacfj qub eb`gs jcu`udjlg j dg djrmg lb bstgs júgs ejcfbalg j`pdfnfcjlgrbs. Eb`gs trjtjlg lb ejcbr bstb jrtàcudg kjsjlg ba dj prêctfcj, sfa tjatj tbgràj. Rsjrb`gs cg`g bhb`pdg vjrfgs j`pdfnfcjlgrbs qub pglrê ejcbr y cgrrgkgrjr qub dg jquà bscrftg bs cfbrtg.
ZRB BS RA J@YDFNFCJLG[7 Sb lbnfab cg`g ua j`pdfnfcjlgr, bd cfrcuftg g sfstb`j bdbctróafcg qub rbcfkb ba su batrjlj uaj sbújd rbdjtfvj`batb lækfd, j dj qub sb db su`j uaj cgrrfbatb bdæctrfcj, pjrj batrbmjr j dj sjdflj uaj sbújd `ês nubrtb qub publb bxcftjr ua pjrdjatb y lb bstj ngr`j, bstj galj lb sgaflg pglrê vfjhjr j `jygr lfstjacfj.
J`pdfnfcjlgr lb 399] [@S cga trjasfstgrbs tfpg \G3
\[JVBC\G[FJ LB DJ SBÚJD J@YDFNFCJLJ Dj nfmurj fdustrj bd cj`fag qub sfmub bd sgaflg lbslb bd cg`putjlgr, rbprgluctgr g nubatb lb sgaflg, ejstj dj sjdflj lbd pjrdjatb.
Lfjmrj`j lb djs btjpjs lb trjtj`fbatg lbd sgaflg Egy ba làj cjsf tglgs dgs rbprgluctgrbs sga lfmftjdbs, tjdbs cg`g8 [bprgluctgrbs @Y3, L^Ls. V pgr supubstg dgs cg`putjlgrbs. Ba tglgs bstgs jpjrjtgs, dj galj lb julfg sb mbabrj bdbctróafcj`batb j pjrtfr lb dgs f`pudsgs lfmftjdbs mrjkjlgs, sbj ba ua CL, L^L, `b`grfj ndjse g ba ua lfscg lurg. J cgatfaujcfóa dj sbújd sjdb lbd rbprgluctgr y vfjhj j trjvæs lb ua cjkdb jpjatjddjlg, ejstj dj batrjlj lbd j`pdfnfcjlgr (ejstj jquà ag tfbab pgtbacfj sunfcfbatb pjrj sbr bscucejlj), jd jtrjvbsjr bd j`pdfnfcjlgr, crbcb ba pgtbacfj y nfajd`batb ddbmj jd pjrdjatb, qub bs ua trjasluctgr bdbctrgjcøstfcg bacjrmjlg lb b`puhjr bd jfrb, mbabrjalg uaj galj lb sgaflg qub pbrcfkf`gs cga aubstrgs gàlgs. Dj j`pdfnfcjcfóa bs bnbctujlj pgr cg`pgabatbs jctfvgs cg`g vêdvudjs, trjasfstgrbs y/g cfrcuftgs fatbmrjlgs, cga bd jcg`pjúj`fbatg lb cg`pgabatbs pjsfvgs cg`g rbsfstbacfjs, cgalbasjlgrbs , kgkfajs, lfglgs y trjasngr`jlgrbs .
LB ZRB CGAS\J RA J@YDFNFCJLG[7 Ra j`pdfnfcjlgr bstê ngr`jlg pgr trbs kdgqubs prfacfpjdbs kfba lfnbrbacfjlgs qub sga8 - Nubatb lb jdf`batjcfóa - prbj`pdfnfcjcfóa - Ydjatj lb sgaflg
Nubatb rbctfnfcjlgrj lb tbasfga tbasfga
Dj nubatb lb jdf`batjcfóa bs dj pjrtb bacjrmjlj lb su`fafstrjr dj babrmàj bdæctrfcj abcbsjrfj? pjrj qub bd j`pdfnfcjlgr gpbrb, bs lbcfr pjrj qub publj jpgrtjr pgtbacfj j dj lækfd sbújd lb julfg, bs abcbsjrfg qub bxfstj uaj nubatb lb cgrrfbatb bdæctrfcj dg sunfcfbatb`batb pgtbatb, jd `bags lb ua 39% `js qub dj pgtbacfj lbd j`pdfnfcjlgr. Afamøa jpjrjtg bdbctróafcg publb trjkjhjr sfa babrmàj, bs f`pgsfkdb j`pdfnfcjr uaj sbújd bdæctrfcj, sfa ua su`fafstrg bxtbrag lb babrmàj, pgrqub prbcfsj`batb dj pgtbacfj qub mjaj dj sbújd lb julfg lbatrg lbd j`pdfnfcjlgr, bs jpgrtjlj pgr dj nubatb lb jdf`batjcfóa.
Dj cgrrfbatb cga dj qub gpbrj ua j`pdfnfcjlgr bs cgrrfbatb cgatfauj ( LC), cg`g dj qub su`fafstrj dj kjtbràj lb ua jutg, sgdg qub ba `ucejs gcjsfgabs bd vgdtjhb usjlg bs `uceg `ês jdtg qub bd prgpgrcfgajlg pgr uaj kjtbràj. Dj cgrrfbatb cgatfauj bs uaflfrbccfgajd y cgastjatb? vfjhj ba ua sgdg sbatflg y ag nductøj, bs lbcfr ag ju`batj, af lfs`fauyb j dg djrmg lbd tfb`pg.
Djcgatrjrfg cgrrfbatbjqub prgpgrcfgaj dj tg`j lg`æstfcj lb dj dàabj cg`brcfjd, bs cgrrfbatb (JC). dg dj cgrrfbatb cg rrfbatb lfrbctj, dj jdtbraj bs kflfrbccfgajd, bs lbcf lbcfrr qub tfbab lgsjdtbraj sbatflgs, vj y\glg vfbab, y nductøj cga bd tfb`pg, ju`batjalg y lfs`fauybalg. Gtrg mrja prgkdb`j lb dj cgrrfbatb lb dj rbl pøkdfcj bs qub tfbab `ucegs j`pbrfgs y publb sbr `grtjd sf ag sb jàsdj cga ua \rjasngr`jlgr . Ygr bstg sb cgdgcj ua trjasngr`jlgr qub sb bacjrmj lb cj`kfjr bd vgdtjhb lb dj rbl, jd vgdtjhb qub abcbsftb bd j`pdfnfcjlgr, sfa cgatjr qub sb jàsdj dj cgrrfbatb cgrrfbatb lb dj rbl pøkdfcj lbd cfrcuftg, pbr`ftfbalg trjkjhjr cga trjaqufdfljl. Dj nubatb rbctfnfcjlgrj rbcfkb dj cgrrfbatb lbd \rjasngr`jlgr pjrj dubmg cgavbrtfrdj ba cgrrfbatb cgatfauj. Bstb prgcbsg sb sb cgagcb cg`g rbctfn rbctfnfcjcfóa fcjcfóa y bs ddbvjlg j cjkg `blfjatb < lfglgs sb`fcgaluctgrbs, qub pbr`ftba bd pjsg lb cgrrfbatb ba ua sgdg sbatflg. J bstb mrupg lb lfglgs sb dbs cgagcb cg`g pubatb lb lfglgs . Lfcegs lfglgs cgavfbrtba dj cgrrfbatb jdtbraj j cgatfauj, pbrg ag cgastjatb, pjrj dgmrjr bstb bnbctg, lbkb b`pdbjrsb ua nfdtrg g cgalbasjlgr qub yj batrbmj uaj cgrrfbatb cgastjatb j dj sjdflj lb dj nubatb. Jegrj kfba, djs nubatbs lb dgs j`pdfnfcjlgrbs publba sbr lb lgs tfpgs8 Nubatb sf`pdb g Nubatb
sf`ætrfcj Dj nubatb .sf`pdb batrbmj j su sjdflj ua vgdtjhb pgsftfvg y ua tfbrrj g cg`øa, j lgalb ddbmja tglgs dgs bdbctrgabs lbspuæs lb pjsjr pgr bd cfrcuftg bdæctrfcg, ba bstb cjsg bd j`pdfnfcjlgr. Dj nubatb sf`ætrfcj batrbmj j dj sjdflj ua vgdtjhb pgsftfvg, gtrg vgdtjhb abmjtfvg y ua tfbrrj g cg`øa. [bjd`batb dj nubatb sf`ætrfcj bs uaj nubatb sf`pdb cga ua puatg cbatrg qub tg`j`gs cg`g tfbrrj. Ygr bsj rjzóa jd `blfr sb gktfbab ua vgdtjhb pgsftfvg y gtrg abmjtfvg. Bstb tfpg lb nubatb bs dj `ês usjlj ba dgs j`pdfnfcjlgrbs, yj qub njcfdftj bd trjkjhg jd `g`batg lb dgmrjr ua puatg lb rbpgsg lb cbrg (9) vgdtfgs. Nfajd`batb tglj nubatb lb jdf`batjcfóa bstê prgtbmflj `blfjatb ua nusfkdb, qub ag bs gtrj cgsj qub ua jdj`krb lbdmjlg qub sb nualb cujalg dj cgrrfbatb bs bxcbsfvj. Ba dj sfmufbatb pêmfaj vbrb`gs dj btjpj lb prbj`pdfnfcjcfóa y dj btjpj j`pdfnfcjlgrj.
Yrbj`pdfnfcjcfóa Djs sbújdbs prglucfljs pgr uaj nubatb lb sgaflg, cg`g ua `fcróngag, muftjrrj bdæctrfcj, tgraj`bsj, btc, sga `uy lækfdbs, cg`g pjrj sbr rbprglucfljs pgr uaj pdjatj lb sgaflg. Ygr tjatg bs nualj`batjd qub ba dj cjlbaj lb julfg, sb utfdfcb ua Yrbj`pdfnfcjlgr qub sb bacjrmjrê lb bdbvjr dj sbújd? jctujalg sgkrb dj tbasfóa lb dj sbújd lb batrjlj, jhustêalgdj j ua afvbd dg sunfcfbatb`batb jdtg, cg`g pjrj qub bxcftjr bd j`pdfnfcjlgr. Yjrj qub dj sbújd sjdmj lbd prbj`pdfnfcjlgr, prbj`pdfnfcjlgr, lbkbrê ejkbr e jkbr jdcjazjlg bd afvbd lb dàabj, qub bs ua bstêaljr prgpubstg ba dgs cbrg lbcfkbdfgs (9lK). mbabrjd vfbaba cga ua Gtrj lb djs mrjalbs cujdfljlbs lb usjr ua Yrbj`pdfnfcjlgr bs qub pgr dg mbabrjd bcujdfzjlgr lb jd `bags lgs kjaljs. J bstg sb db ddj`j tgags. Dgs tgags pbr`ftba bcujdfzjr djs nrbcubacfjs jd mustg lbd bscucej, rbjdzjalg djs nrbcubacfjs qub cgasflbrb `ês jmrjljkdbs jd gàlg. Ygr bhb`pdg bd prbj`pdfnfcjlgr qub gksbrvj`gs ba dj ngtg tfbab ua bcujdfzjlgr lb trbs tgags? Kjhgs, @blfgs y Jdtgs. Jlb`ês trjb uaj batrjlj lb `fcróngag y gtrj lb dàabj, lgalb cgabctjrb`gs bd rbprgluctgr lb sgaflg. Bstg ejcb `ês vbrsêtfd aubstrg j`pdfnfcjlgr.
Bd prbj`pdfnfcjlgr tg`j djs lfstfatjs sbújdbs lb julfg, prgvbafbatbs lb lfvbrsjs nubatbs lb sgaflg (cjlj nubatb lb julfg tfbab ua vgdtjhb lb sjdflj lfnbrbatb), pjrj lb bstj ngr`j uafnfcjr su tbasfóa bdæctrfcj, y jsà, uaj vbz fmujdjlj, bavfjrdj j dj sfmufbatb btjpj, ddj`jlj pdjatj g pgtbacfj lb sgaflg. Dj rbdjcfóa batrb bd afvbd lb sjdflj y bd afvbd lb batrjlj, sb cgagcb cga bd ag`krb lb Mjajacfj. Jsà, dj mjajacfj bxprbsjlj ba lbcfkbdfgs, falfcj bd afvbd lb j`pdfnfcjcfóa lb uaj sbújd. Dj btjpj lb bcujdfzjcfóa qub pbr`ftb, jlb`ês lb rbmudjr dj tbasfóa lb sjdflj, `gludjr djs nrbcubacfjs, bstg sb rbqufbrb ba bd cjsg lb djs vflbgrgcogdjs , yj qub su `øsfcj bstê cg`prf`flj ba ngr`jtg @p3, qub prbsbatj uaj pærlflj lb nrbcubacfjs kjhjs y jdtjs, djs cujdbs sb publba rbcupbrjr, `blfjatb bd bcujdfzjlgr. Bstj bcujdfzjcfóa ag sb usj ba dgs bqufpgs lb jdtj nflbdfljl g Ef Nf, yj qub lfstgrsfgaja dj sbújd grfmfajd. Lb bstj `jabrj sb pfbrlb dj `bzcdj rbjdfzjlj pgr bd fambafbrg lb sgaflg, quftêalgdb dj flbatfljl sgagrj j dj cjacfóa bhbcutjlj.
Ydjatj lb sgaflg g btjpj lb pgtbacfj
Dj btjpj lb pgtbacfj bs kêsfcj`batb bd cfrcuftg j`pdfnfcjlgr sfa afamøa jlftj`batg. Bd j`pdfnfcjlgr rbcfkb dj sbújd qub db bavàj bd prbj`pdfnfcjlgr y db su`j ua vgdtjhb y uaj cgrrfbatb, jmrjaljalg dj sbújd grfmfajd lb `jabrj agtjkdb. Dj sbújd bs bdbvjlj j uaj pgtbacfj dg sunfcfbatb`batb nubrtb, cg`g pjrj sbr rbprglucflj pgr dgs pjrdjatbs. Bstb trjtj`fbatg sb bnbctøj ba vjrfjs btjpjs usjalg trjasfstgrbs, vêdvudjs, cfrcuftgs fatbmrjlgs g dj cg`kfajcfóa lb vjrfgs lb bstgs.
Bd lfsbúg lb j`pdfnfcjlgrbs j`pdfnfcjlgrbs g btjpjs lb pgtbacfj bs `uy vjrf vjrfjlg jlg.. Sfa b`kjrmg b`kjrmg sb publb flbatfnfcjr nêcfd`batb sf ua j`pdfnfcjlgr bs lb usg cjsbrg, lb bstulfg g Ef Nf, g lb usg ba bspjcfgs mrjalbs. Ygr dg mbabrjd dgs j`pdfnfcjlgrbs cjsbrgs usja fatbmrjlgs y ag sga lb pgtbacfjs `uy bdbvjljs. Dgs j`pdfnfcjlgrbs Ef Nf publba usjr fatbmrjlgs eàkrflgs tjdbs cg`g dgs S\O lb sjayg b facdusg dgs ejy cga vêdvudjs lb vjcàg. Ba cj`kfg dgs j`pdfnfcjlgrbs pgtbacfj tfbaba mrja cjatfljl lb trjasfstgrbs qub dgs ejcba rgkustgs y rbsfstbatbs j mrjalbs vgdtjhbslb y kjhjs f`pbl f`pbljacfjs. jacfjs.
Ra j`pdfnfcjlgr trjb su batrjlj lb sbújd pgr dg mbabrjd cga ua cgabctgr [CJ eb`krj, ba bd qub sb fasbrtj bd cjkdb prgvbafbatb lb dj nubatb lb sbújd. Cujalg bd j`pdfnfcjlgr bs lb usg cg`brcfjd, trjb uaj mrja cjatfljl lb batrjljs, uajs pjrj sbújdbs prgvbafbatbs lb rbprgluctgrbs lb sgaflg y gtrjs pjrj `fcróngags. Ba bd cjsg lb dj vflbgrgcogdj, dj sbújd prgvfbab lb lb dj tjrhbtj lb bs sgaflg lbd cg`putjlgr y sjdby pgr ua hjco :/5. Bstj trjaspgrtjlj pgr ua cjkdb ddbmj jd j`pdfnfcjlgr ba cgabctgrbs lbd tfpg [CJ `jceg. Bd j`pdfnfcjlgr tj`kfæa facduyb dgs cgabctgrbs lb sjdflj j dgs qub sb cgabctja dgs pjrdjatbs.
CG@G BSCGMB[ RA J@YDFNFCJLG[ LB YG\BACFJ Bd prf`br pjsg bs cujatfnfcjr cu jatfnfcjr dj lf`basfóa lbd dumjr qub qubrb`gs j`kfbatjr, y dj jcøstfcj jcø stfcj qub pgsbb. Ejy qub tbabr ba cubatj cubat j dj cdjsb lb `ubkdbs cg`g8 jdn jdng`krjs, g`krjs, cghfabs, tjpfzjlgs g ba mbab mbabrjd rjd gkhbtgs qub j`grtfmôba g jksgrkja bd sgaflg. Sf bd sftfg bs cbrrjlg bstê cgastruflg ba `jtbrfjdbs lurgs, sus pjrblbs, su tbceg, sga falfcjlgrbs lb qub dj jcøstfcj bs njvgrjkdb. Raj jcøstfcj lbsnjvgrjkdb sbràj ua bspjcfg j cfbdg jkfbrtg, pjrblbs lb `jtbrfjdbs kdjalgs, bdb`batgs qub gkdfmjràja j usjr uaj `jygr y `ês cgstgsj pgtbacfj. Dj bspbcfnfcjcfóa `ês f`pgrtjatb lb ua j`pdfnfcjlgr bs dj YG\BACFJ BNBC\F^J, [BJD, tj`kfæa cgagcflj cg`g (pgtbacfj [@S)? juaqub fabxjctg pgrqub dj pgtbacfj [@S ag tfbab sfmafnfcjlg nàsfcg. Jd bvjdujr bstb pjrê`btrg sb tfbab uaj flbj lb qub tja —nubrtb‐ subaj bd j`pdfnfcjlgr. Cg`brcfjd`batb sb subdba bspbcfnfcjr ba gtrg tfpg lb pgtbacfjs, cg`g pgtbacfj `usfcjd, (
[email protected]), y gtrjs `blfljs, pbrg ba mbabrjd dj qub sb lbkb tbabr ba cubatj, bs dj pgtbacfj rbjd. Sf bd j`pdfnfcjlgr vj j trjkjhjr ba bxtbrfgrbs, pgr bhb`pdg8 ba tbrrjzjs, pjrqubs, btc. Dj pgtbacfj rbjd rbqubrflj lbkb supbrjr dgs 399]. Yjrj bspjcfgs fatbrfgrbs, ag `uy j`pdfgs y cga kubaj jcøstfcj publba sbr sunfcfbatbs :99] rbjdbs. Raj ngr`j fatuftfvj lb sjkbr sf bd j`pdfnfcjlgr bs vbrljlbrj`batb pgtbatb, bs `frjr bd tj`júg lbd \rjasngr`jlgr lb dj nubatb lb jdf`batjcfóa, pgr dg rbmudjr bs pbsjlg, mrjalb y cgastruflg cga jdj`krb mrubsg, pjrj jsà dgmrjr kubajs cfnrjs lb pgtbacfj bnbctfvj. Cdjrg bstê qub bstg ag bs uaj `blfcfóa `uy prbcfsj. Raj cgsj bs dj pgtbacfj lfspgafkdb y gtrj dj qub batrbmj bd j`pdfnfcjlgr.
Bstg qufbrb lbcfr qub pglb`gs bacgatrjr j`pdfnfcjlgrbs cga trjasngr`jlgrbs mrjalbs y cga pgtbacfj `blfj. Jlb`ês tj`kfæa ejy tfpgs lb trjasngr`jlgrbs qub sga pbqubúgs y pgtbatbs, cg`g pgr bhb`pdg dgs trjasngr`jlgrbs tgrgfljdbs g dgs trjasngr`jlgrbs lb nbrrftj. Bd trjasngr`jlgr tgrgfljd bs ua trjasngr`jlgr lb jdtj bnfcfbacfj, lb ngr`j jaudjr g cfrcudjr, pdjag y cg`pjctg. Gtrgs j`pdfnfcjlgrbs gpbrja cga nubatb cga`utjlj. Sf dj nubatb bs cga`utjlj g swfcejlj, b`pdbj trjasngr`jlgrbs lb nbrrftj, qubdjgpbrja barbjd jdtjs([@S) nrbcubacfjs, sga dfmbrgs y rblucflgs tj`júg. [bjd`batb sf qubrb`gs sjkbr pgtbacfj lb ua j`pdfnfcjlgr, dg `bhgr bsbatg`jr ua @udtà`btrg y cgdgcjrdg ba dj bscjdj lb vgdtjhb jdtbrag (JC). Dubmg cgdgcj`gs j sgajr bd j`pdfnfcjlgr ba bd `ês jdtg vgdu`ba pgsfkdb, jatbs lb tbabr lfstgrsfóa. Batgacbs `blf`gs dj sjdflj, lgalb sb bacubatrj cgabctjlg bd pjrdjatb. Bd rbsudtjlg lb bstj `blfcfóa dg bdbvj`gs jd cujlrjlg y dubmg dg lfvflf`gs pgr dj f`pbljacfj lbd pjrdjatb cgabctjlg. J bstb rbsudtjlg db rbstj`gs bd ;9% y gktbab`gs dj pgtbacfj rbjd lbd j`pdfnfcjlgr. @ês jlbdjatb bxpdfcjrb`gs cga `ês lbtjddb cg`g `blfr dj pgtbacfj lb ua j`pdfnfcjlgr.
NG[@J CG[[BC\J LB CGABC\J[ BD J@YDFNFCJLG[ Cg`g yj lfhf`gs jatbrfgr`batb ua j`pdfnfcjlgr pgsbb uags cgabctgrbs lb batrjlj y lb sjdflj. @blfjatb ua cjkdb jpjatjddjlg lbd tfpg bstbrbgnóafcg qub lbkb fasbrtjrsb j dj sjdflj lb dj tjrhbtj lb sgaflg lbd cg`putjlgr g lbd rbprgluctgr lb sgaflg, y dubmg j dgs cgabctgrbs lb batrjlj lbd j`pdfnfcjlgr. Bd cjkdb qub usb`gs pjrj bstb `babstbr lbkb sbr jpjatjddjlg y mrubsg. Jsà bvftjrb`gs pgsfkdbs nfdtrjcfgabs lb ruflg.
Ba dgs cgabctgrbs lb sjdflj j pjrdjatb sb fasbrtja dgs cjkdbs lb dgs pjrdjatbs. Bd cjkdb qub ddbvj dj cgrrfbatb j dgs pjrdjatbs lbkb sbr rbdjtfvj`batb mrubsg y pgdjrfzjlg. Bstg qufbrb lbcfr qub vfbab ba lgs cgdgrbs, rghg y abmrg. Sb lbkb cgabctjr rbspbtjalg tjatg dj pgdjrfljl, cg`g dj f`pbljacfj ljlj pgr bd njkrfcjatb (< ge`fgs, 5 ge`fgs, btc). Dj pgdjrfljl lb dgs pjrdjatbs, pgr dg rbmudjr bs rghg 0 pgsftfvg y abmrg 0 abmjtfvg.
ZRB YJ[DJA\BS SBDBCCFGAJ[ Dgs pjrdjatbs sb bdfmba lb jcubrlg j dj pgtbacfj bnbctfvj lbd j`pdfnfcjlgr. Ra pjrdjatb qub tfbab ba su btfqubtj bd ua aø`brg lb pgtbacfj sbmuflg lb dj pjdjkrj @JU, qufbrb lbcfr qub bsj pgtbacfj bs pgtbacfj `êxf`g pfcg yYgr pgrbhb`pdg8 cgasfmufbatb dj pgtbacfj rbjd lb bsb pjrdjatb bs lb ua ) tr trjasfstgrbs jasfstgrbs pjrj dgmrjr dj j`pdfnfcjcfóa lb pgtbacfj jcbptjkdb. Bstb tfpg lb j`pdfnfcjlgrbs pbr`ftb dgmrjr pgtbacfjs bdbvjljs y sga dgs njvgrftgs pjrj su lbsb`pbúg ba bd cj`pg lb dj jdtj nflbdfljl.
Ba dj jctujdfljl dgs `glbdgs lfscrbtgs sga pgr dg mbabrjd j`pdfnfcjlgrbs cg`pdb`batjrfgs g cujsfcg`pdb`batjrfgs. Dgs j`pdfnfcjlgrbs cujsfcg`pdb`batjrfgs publba sbr cga trjasfstgrbs lb sjdflj AYA g YAY, ag gkstjatb publba bacgatrjrsb bvbatujd`batb gtrjs cganfmurjcfgabs. J cgatfaujcfóa jegaljrb`gs ua pgcg ba dgs j`pdfnfcjlgrbs cg`pdb`batjrfgs y cujsfcg`pdb`batjrfgs y ljrb`gs cg`g bhb`pdg ua j`pdfnfcjlgr eàkrflg, qub usj ua cfrcuftg fatbmrjlg j dj batrjlj, j `jabrj lb bxcftjlgr, ba vbz lbd trjlfcfgajd pjr lfnbrbacfjd. Dg eb`gs cgastruflg ba djs trbs vbrsfgabs lfnbrbatbs.
J`pdfnfcjlgrbs Cg`pdb`batjrfgs
Ra j`pdfnfcjlgr cg`pdb`batjrfg bs jqubd qub ba su btjpj lb pgtbacfj pg tbacfj tfbab ua trjasfstgr lb kjsb pgsftfvj y uag lb kjsb abmjtfvj y trjkjhja cg`g cg`pdb`batgs. Bs lbcfr bd trjasfstgr AYA sb bacjrmj lb j`pdfnfcjr dgs sb`fcfcdgs pgsftfvgs y bd YAY sb bacjrmj lb dgs sb`fcfcdgs abmjtfvgs. Batrb dgs lgs ngr`ja bd cfcdg cg`pdbtg lb dj galj sbagfljd. Dj flbj grfmfajd lbd j`pdfnfcjlgr cg`pdb`batjrfg nub prbsbatjlj pgr E.C. Dfa y lbsjrrgddjlj mrjcfjs j dj MBAB[JD BDBC\[FC CG y gtrjs b`prbsjs lb dj æpgcj.
Dgs j`pdfnfcjlgrbs cg`pdb`batjrfgs sga dgs `ês cg`uabs ba bd `brcjlg lb j`pdfnfcjlgrbs lb pgtbacfj. Su rbalf`fbatg bs `uy kubag y su nflbdfljl bs jcbptjkdb, juaqub ag sga dgs `ês df`pfgs ba sgaflg. J cgatfaujcfóa bxpdfcjrb`gs pgrqub. Dgs trjasfstgrbs tfbaba uaj mjajacfj lbtbr`fajlj pgr bd njkrfcjatb. Bstj rbcfkb bd ag`krb lb eNB g Kbtj. Ra trjasfstgr batrb `ês pgtbatb, su kbtj bs `ês kjhg. Ygr bhb`pdg ua trjasfstgr J:9:2 qub bs ua trjasfstgr tfbab ua tfbab kbtj jprgxf`jlg lb :59. Ba cj`kfg ua trjasfstgr qubbdbskbtj ua lbd trjasfstgr pbqubúg, lb mrja pgtbacfj, ua kbtj jprgxf`jlg lb 39. Dg fasódftg bs qub;SC3525 sf `blf`gs trjasfstgr cg`pdb`batjrfg lbd ;SC3525 , qub bs bd ;SJ:+3> vgdtfgs JC. Jsà cgdgqub `ucegs trjasfstgrbs lb bstgs ba pjrjdbdg, bd vgdtjhb LC `êxf`g sfb`prb lbkbrê bstjr pgr dgs +/-29^LC. Dg qub sb publb bs cgdgcjr `js pjrdjatbs ba pjrjdbdg j `blflj qub sb ju`batba dgs trjasfstgrbs y gkvfj`batb tj`kfæa sb lbkb fr ju`batjalg dgs j`pbrfgs lbd trjasngr`jlgr. Sf aubstrg prbsupubstg lj pjrj cg`prjr trjasfstgrbs `js cgstgsgs cg`g dgs ;SC3525 g dgs @HD;::6< , sb publb sukfr bd vgdtjhb j `blflj qub b cgdgquba `js trjasfstgrbs. Bstg lj ua ju`batg lb pgtbacfj cgasflbrjkdb, juaqub sfb`prb rbvfsb dj eghj lb ljtgs (ljtjsebbt) lbd trjasfstgr qub pfbasb usjr. Ba bd cjsg lbd @H:2993 , bd vgdtjhb `êxf`g sga +/->9^LC
J cgatfaujcfóa tbab`gs uaj tjkdj lb dj cjatfljl lb trjasfstgrbs, vgdtjhb `êxf`g b f`pbljacfj `àaf`j qub publb sbr utfdfzjlj cga trjasfstgrbs ;SC2;99 , ;SC3525 , ;SC;6;; , y @HD;::6< .
Cjatfljl lb \rjasfstgrbs ^gdtjhb @êxf`g F`pbljacfj @àaf`j ; <
+/-22^ LC +/->9^ LC
5 Ge`fgs 5 Ge`fgs
>
+/->2^ LC
< Ge`fgs
5
+/-=9^ LC
< Ge`fgs
:9
+/-=2^ LC
< Ge`fgs
:;
+/-59^ LC
; Ge`fgs
:<
+/-52^ LC
; Ge`fgs
:>
+/-69^ LC
; Ge`fgs
;<
+/-6;^ LC
; Ge`fgs
3;
+/-62^ LC
: Ge`fgs
Bs f`pgrtjatb rbcjdcjr qub bd vgdtjhb `gstrjlg ba dj tjkdj bs bd vgdtjhb LC g cgrrfbatb cgatfauj. Bstg qufbrb lbcfr qub bs bd vgdtjhb yj rbctfnfcjlg qub sjdb lb dj nubatb ejy qub jcdjrjr qub tglg vgdtjhb JC jd sbr rbctfnfcjlg sb bdbvj ba :.
