Amdal Perkebunan Karet Distrik Edera Kampung Mappi
May 19, 2019 | Author: Andre Casper | Category: N/A
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 LATAR BELAKANG
Pengelolaan lingkungan hidup di Indonesia belum memiliki arah yang jelas, hal ini dapat dilihat dari kurangnya komitmen pemimpin dan masyarakat bangsa ini untuk menjaga kelestarian dan keberlangsungan lingkungan hidup. Sejak pencanangan program pembangunan nasional, berbagai masalah lingkungan hidup mulai terjadi. Masalah lingkungan hidup tersebut antara lain, adanya berbagai kerusakan lingkungan, pencemaran di darat, laut dan udara, serta berkurangnya berbagai sumber sumber daya alam. Hal tersebut tersebut dapat terjadi disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan antara pemanfaatan dan ketersediaan sumber daya alam yang ada serta kurang kesadaran akan pentingnya keberlangsungan lingkungan hidup untuk generasi sekarang maupun masa depan. Eksploitasi alam tentu saja tidak dapat dicegah, karena sudah merupakan fitrah manusia memanfaatkan alam untuk kesejahteraannya. Tetapi tingkat kerusakan akibat pemanfaatan alam ataupun pengkondisian kembali (recovery) alam yang sudah dimanfaatkan merupakan hal-hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya ketidakseimbangan. Adapun cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan telaah secara mendalam mengenai kegiatan/usaha yang akan dilakukan di lingkungan hidup sehingga dapat diketahui dampak yang timbul dan cara untuk mengelola dan memantau dampak yang akan terjadi tersebut. Metode ini dikenal juga dengan analisa mengenai dampak lingkungan (AMDAL). Environmental impact assessment atau analisa mengenai dampak lingkungan diperkenalkan pertama kali pada tahun 1969 oleh National Environmental Policy Act di Amerika Serikat. Menurut UU No. 23 tahun1997 tentang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dan PP No. 27 tahun1999 tentang Analisis mengenai Dampak Lingkungan (Amdal) adalah kajian mengenai dampak besar dan penting suatu usaha dan/atau kegiatan yang direncanakan pada lingkungan hidup yang diperlukan bagi proses pengambilan keputusan tentang penyelenggaraan usaha dan/atau kegiatan.
1 RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN PERKEBUNAN DAN PENGOLAHAN PABRIK KARET
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
Indonesia merupakan Negara dengan perkebunan karet terluas didunia, meskipun tanaman karet sendiri baru di introduksi pada tahun 1864. Dalam kurun waktu sekitar 150 tahun sejak di kembangkan pertama kalinya, luas areal perkebunan karet di Indonesia telah mencapai 3.262.291 hektar. Dari total areal perkebunan karet di Indonesia tersebut 84,5% diantaranya merupakan kebun milik rakyat 8,4% milik swasta dan hanya 7,1% yang merupakan milik Negara. Dengan areal perkebunan karet terluas didunia tersebut Indonesia bersama dua Negara Asia Tenggara lainnya. Yaitu Malaysia dan Thailand, sejak abad 1920-an sampai sekarang merupakan pemasokan karet utama dunia. Puncak kejayaan karet Indonesia terjadi pada tahun 1926 sampai menjelang perang dunia II ketika itu Indonesia merupakan pemasokan karet alam terkemuka dipasar internasional, maka sangat perlu dilakukan pembangunan perkebunan dan pabrik pengolahan karet yang di rencanakan di Distrik Edera Kabupaten Mappi Provinsi Papua seluas 7.020Ha dengan kapasitas 65 ton TBS/hari.
1.2 MAKSUD DAN TUJUAN 1.2.1
Maksud
Adapun maksud dari penulisan tugas ini adalah: 1) Sebagai proses pelatihan dan pengaplikasian teori yang diperoleh di bangku
kuliah serta meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa mengenai perkebunan dan pengolahan pabrik karet. 2) Memberikan informasi kepada
masyarakat mengenai permasalahan dampak
lingkungan yang terjadi. 1.2.2
Tujuan
Adapun tujuan dari penulisan tugas ini dalah: 1) Mengetahui
tentang
penaggulangan
program
dampak
tindak
lingkungan
lanjut
yang
upaya
dilaksanakan
pencegahan dengan
dan
adanya
pembangunan perkebunan karet PT Montelo berbasis kompetensi inti industri daerah di Kabupaten Mappi. 2) Mengetahui upaya pengendalian dampak lingkungan, baik berupa tindakan,
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
terhadap dampak positif penting yang diperkirahkan akan terjadi, melalui pendekatan teknologi, sosial ekonomi dan kelembangaan/institusi. 1.3 RUANG LINGKUP 1.3.1
Lingkup Wilayah
Wilayah
yang
dijadikan
objek
pengamatan
rencana
pembangunan
perkebunan dan pengolahan pengolahan pabrik karet karet PT Montelo dengan dengan luasan wilayah ±7.020 hektar dengan kapasitas 65 ton TBS/hari berada di Distrik Edera, Kabupaten Mappi Provinsi Papua. 1.3.2
Lingkup Materi
Lingkup materi yang dibahas dalam laporan ini adalah mengenai rencana kegiatan dan usaha perkebunan karet PT Montelo serta dampak-dampak dan perilaku yang ditunjukan oleh masyarakat sekitar areal kerja/proyek. 1.4 BATASAN MASALAH
Agar materi penulisan laporan ini tidak meluas, maka penyajian data atau informasi hanya dibatasi pada : 1) Tahapan – Tahapan
rencana kegiatan pembangunan perkebunan dan
pengolahan pabrik karet. 2) Dampak –Dampak
yang
timbul
akibat
rencana
kegiatan
pembangunan
perkebunan dan pengolahan pabrik karet. 1.5 MANFAAT 1.5.1
Manfaat Bagi Pemrakarsa 1) Sebagai acuan untuk mengintegrasikan aspek lingkungan ke dalam proses
perancangan sehingga bisa menjaga terpeliharannya daya dukung lingkungan. Proses ini juga bisa mencegah adanya pengeluaran biaya-biaya eksternalitas dalam memperbaiki lingkungan yang terlanjur mengalami kerusakan. 2) Untuk mengantisipasi biaya pengelolaan lingkungan secara optimal termasuk
biaya pembangunan dan operasio rencana kegiatan. 3) Sebagai acuan agar pelaksanaan pengelolaan lingkungan dari kegiatan
Pengembangan Perkebunan Karet PT MONTELO Daerah di kabupaten Mappi
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
4) Pemanfaatan sumberdaya lain di sekitar lokasi kegiatan secara optimal tanpa
menambah beban kerusakan lingkungan. 1.5.2
Manfaat Bagi Masyarakat 1) Menghindari tumpang tindih pemanfaatan sumber daya alam. 2) Mencegah timbulnya keresahan sosial. 3) Untuk menjaga terpeliharanya kehidupan yang harmonis dalam bidang sosial,
ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat sekitar lokasi kegiatan. 4) Untuk mengetahui secara pasti batas wewenang serta tanggung jawab masing-
masing pihak yang terkait. 1.5.3
Manfaat Bagi Pemerintah 1) Sebagai mitra pemerintah dalam upaya pembangunan regional dan nasional. 2) Turut memberikan konstribusi dalam menekan tingkat pengangguran yaitu
dengan menyediakan lapangan kerja. 3) Turut memberikan konstribusi terhadap peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah
(PAD) melalui penerimaan pajak dan iuran-iuran. 4) Turut memberikan konstribusi terhadap peningkatan Produk Domestik Regional
Bruto (PDRB) melalui investible surplus yang diperoleh.
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM WILAYAH PERKEBUNAN KARET 2.1 KONDISI UMUM AREAL KERJA
Gambar 2.1 Peta Wilayah Perkebunan Karet. Secara administratife lokasi areal rencana perkebunan dan pabrik pengelolan karet alam dengan luas 7.020 Ha, dan kapasitas 65 ton TBS/hari terletak di Distrik Edera Kabupaten Mappi Mappi Provinsi Papua. Areal Areal proyek ini di lewati oleh oleh dua aliran sungai, yaitu Sungai Digoel di sebelah timur dan Sungai Matan di sebelah tengah areal. Secara makro bentuk lahannya datar dengan ketinggian relatif sama. Ketinggian (elevasi) terdapat dibagian timur areal, yaitu mencapai 125 m dpl, sedangkan daerah sekitar aliran sungai berkisar antara 25 sampai 50 m dpl. dp l. Adapun batas lokasi kerja perkebunan dan pabrik kelapa sawit adalah sebagai berikut : 1) Sebelah utara berbatasan dengan Bandara Udara Tanah Merah Kabupaten Boven
Digoel. 2) Sebelah timur berbatasan dengan Negara PAPUA NEW GUINE 3) Sebelah selatan berbatasan dengan Kota Merauke 4) Sebelah barat berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Kepi
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
budaya, dan kesehatan masyarakat sebagai pelengkap studi kelayakan suatu rencana usaha dan/atau kegiatan. Analisis mengenai dampak lingkungan hidup di satu sisi merupakan bagian studi kelayakan untuk melaksanakan suatu rencana usaha dan/atau kegiatan, di sisi lain merupakan syarat yang harus dipenuhi untuk mendapatkan izin melakukan usaha dan/atau kegiatan. Berdasarkan analisis ini dapat diketahui secara lebih jelas dampak besar dan penting terhadap lingkungan hidup, baik dampak negatif maupun dampak positif yang akan timbul dari usaha dan/atau kegiatan sehingga dapat dipersiapkan langkah untuk menanggulangi dampak negatif dan mengembangkan dampak positif. Kegiatan perkebunan ini dapat dimulai dari kota Merauke menuju kebupaten Mappi Distrik Edera melalui akses akses darat. Secara umum kondisi jalan jalan tanah yang kurang ditimbun ditimbun pasir dan batu. Sehingga susah dillewati kendaraan dan banjir pada waktu hujan. Adapun Kondisi fisik lokasi kegiatan perkebunan dan pabrik kelapa sawit ini adalah sebagai berikut : 1. Iklim Lokasi areal kerja mempunyai suhu rata-rata yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan 0
dengan areal hutan primer suhunya adalah 31,0 C. kelembaban udara di areal studi rata-rata berkisar antara 86% sampai 90%, dengan pelaksanaan pengukuran pada siang hari. kelembaban tertinggi berada pada areal hutan primer. Dengan demikian dapat ditunjukan bahwa kelembaban udara di lokasi kegiatan cukup tinggi. 2.
Tanah Secara fisik jenis tanah di areal proyek merupakan lempung liat berdebu. Kelerengannya sebesar 0% - 25% dengan bentuk wilayah datar sampai agak curam (berbukit). Topografi di areal kerja hampir mencapai 0 – 200 meter dpl. Sehingga perlu di lakukannya pengujian laboratorium mengenai kualitas tanah tersebut.
3. Geologi Menurut peta geologi Kabupaten Mappi/areal proyek terletak pada formasi aluvian yerbentuk dari bahan endapan berupa kerikil, pasir, dan lumpur seluas 17.457 Ha (95,2%) dan formasi gunung api Jamur seluas 881 Ha (4,8%). 4. Erosi Tanah
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
erodibiilitas tanah, panjang kemiringan, gradiean kemiringan, faktor penutupan tanah, dan praktek konservasi tanah. 5. Hidrologi dan kualitas air Lokasi wilayah kerja dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan dan kondisi vegetasi sebagai penutup lahan yang akan memberikan pengaruh besar bagi hidrologi dan kualitas air. Hal ini dikarenakan wilayah studi merupakan tipe iklim A dengan curah hujan merata sepanjang tahun. 6. Sedimentasi Sedimentasi adalah jumlah material tanah berupa kadar lumpur dalam air oleh aliran air sungai yang berasal dari hasil proses erosi di hulu, yang diendapkan pada suatu tempat di hilir dimana kecepatan pengendapan butir-butir material suspense telah lebih kecil dari kecepatan angkutannya. Dari proses sedimentasi, hanya sebagian material aliran sedimen di sungai yang diangkut keluar dari DAS, sedangkan yang lainnya mengendap di lokasi tertentu selama menempuh perjalanan di sungai. Indicator terjadinya sedimentasi dapat dilihat dari besarnya kadar lumpur di dalam air yang terangkut oleh aliran air sungai. Makin besar kadar sedimen yang terbawa aliran berarti kondisi DAS semakin tidak sehat. 7. Biota perairan Biota perairan terdiri dari plankton, benthos, dan nekton. Plankton merupakan organism renik (tumbuhan dan hewan) yang hidupnya melayang-layang secara pasif dalam tubuh air, sementara benthos merupakan organism dasar yang dapat terlambat/menempel di permukaan substrak atau relative menetap di dasar perairan. Komposisi jenis-jenis renik dipengaruhi oleh kondisi fisik dan kimia perairan (kualitas air).
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
BAB III PEMBAHASAN PERKEBUNAN DAN PENGOLAHAN PABRIK KARET SELUAS 7.020 Ha DENGAN KAPASITAS 65 TON /TBS/HARI 3.1.
RENCANA PENGELOLAAN PERKEBUNAN PABRIK KARET
Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (RKL) yang akan diimpelmentasikan yaitu komponen/parameter lingkungan yang didasarkan hasil kajian dalam Analisis Dampak Lingkungan Hidup (ANDAL) yang diperkirakan akan terkena dampak penting rencana pembangunan perkebunan dan pabrik pengolahan karet yang terletak di Distrik Edera Kabupaten Mappi. Untuk memudahkan pencapaian tujuan dalam pengelolaan lingkungan berbagai dampak penting yang di prakirakan akan terjadi maka uraian rencana pengelolaan lingkungan ini meliputi: 1) Dampak Penting dan Sumber Dampak penting
Komponen atau parameter lingkungan yang terkena dampak penting
Sumber dampak
2) Tolak Ukur Dampak, 3) Tujuan Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan 4) Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan 5) Lokasi Pengelolaan Lingkungan 6) Periode Pengelolaan Lingkungan
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May 12, 2014
3.2.
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
Tahap Pra Konstruksi
3.2.1 Terbukanya Kesempatan Kerja Bagi Tenaga Kerja Lokal dari Kegiatan Proses Perizinan dan Survei Lapangan. 1) Dampak Penting dan Sumber Dampak
Dampak penting yang dikelola adalah terbukanya kesempatan kerja bagi tenaga kerja lokal dari kegiatan proses perizinan dan survei lapangan. 2) Tolak Ukur Dampak.
a) Jumlah penduduk lokal yang dilibatkan kegiatan survey lapangan, yaitu < 10 orang serta jumlah penduduk Kampung Banamepe dan Yodom sebelum adanya kegiatan. b) Jenis mata pencaharian penduduk setempat di Kampung Banamepe dan Yodom. 3) Tujuan Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
Untuk memaksimalkan terserapnya tenaga kerja tempatan (masyarakat setempat) mengisi kesempatan kerja di PT. Montelo. 4) Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
a) Mengutamakan tenaga kerja tempatan (masyarakat setempat) dalam kegiatan survei lapangan PT. Montelo. b) Berkoordinasi dengan aparat desa atau kepada desa untuk proses perekrutan tenaga yang dilibatkan dalam kegiatan ini sehingga tidak menimbulkan kecemburuan bagi masyarakat yang lain. 5) Lokasi Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
Lokasi pengelolaan yaitu di Kampung Banamepe dan Yodom Distrik Edera
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
7) Institusi Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
a) Pelaksana
: PT. Montelo.
b) Pengawas
: Dinas Tenaga Kerja, Kantor Lingkungan Hidup, Kabupaten Mappi Mappi dan Badan Pengelolaan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan Hidup (BAPESDALH) Provinsi Papua.
c) Pelaporan : Kantor Lingkungan Hidup, Kabupaten Kabupaten Mappi dan dan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya dan Lingkungan Hidup (BAPESDALH) Provinsi Papua. 3.2.2. Timbulnya Sikap dan Persepsi Negatif Masyarakat Serta Gangguan Keamanan dan Ketertiban Masyarakat 1) Dampak Penting dan Sumber Dampak
Dampak penting yang dikelola adalah timbulnya persepsi negatif masyarakat yang dapat berdampak lanjutan terhadap gangguan keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat masyarakat (kamtibmas) akibat adanya kegiatan perizinan dan survei lapangan, sosialisasi rencana kegiatan serta pengadaan lahan. 2) Tolak Ukur Dampak
Tolak ukur dampak yang digunakan adalah respon masyarakat sebelum kegiatan perizinan dan survei lapangan, sosialisasi rencana kegiatan serta pengadaan lahan dan gangguan kamtibmas yang timbul. 3) Tujuan Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
a) Mencegah terjadinya konflik antara masyarakat dengan pemrakarsa (gangguan keamanan) akibat persepsi negatif yang berkembang. b) Meningkatkan persepsi positif masyarakat terkena dampak terhadap rencana
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
c) Berkoordinasi dengan aparat desa atau kepada desa untuk proses perekrutan tenaga yang dilibatkan dalam kegiatan ini sehingga tidak menimbulkan kecemburuan bagi masyarakat yang lain. d) Memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat terutama pemilik hak ulayat, tentang cara pengadaan lahan yang dilakukan PT Montelo untuk kegiatan perkebunan karet dan pabrik pengolahan karet, antara lain:
Status lahan yang dikelola perusahaan adalah status pinjam pakai (HGU).
Jangka waktu rencana pemanfaatan lahan hak ulayat tersebut.
Setelah habis HGU lahan hak tersebut dikembalikan ke pemilik ulayat.
Batas-batas lokasi perkebunan dan pabrik Pengolahan Karet PT Montelo ditentukan bersama masyarakat terutama untuk tempat-tempat penting bagi masyarakat antara lain lokasi yang sacral, persinggahan leluhur, hutan marga/totem, dusun sagu, dll.
e) Menerima saran dan aspirasi masyarakat serta mengakomodir kepentingan masyarakat pemilik ulayat dalam kegiatan pengadaan lahan sesuai hasil musyawarah yang disaksikan Pemerintah Kabupaten Mappi. f) Melaksanakan tata cara pengadaan lahan perkebunan karet sesuai adat istiadat masyarakat pemilik hak ulayat sesuai dengan kesepakatan hasil musyawarah antara PT. Montelo dengan perwakilan masyarakat pemilik ulayat disaksikan Pemerintah Kabupaten Mappi, dalam hal uang ketok pintu atau pemberian tali asih kepada pemilik ulayat. 5) Lokasi pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
Lokasi pengelolaan yaitu di Kampung Banamepe dan Yodom Distrik Edera Kabupaten
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
c) Pelaporan
: Kantor Lingkungan Hidup, Kabupaten Mappi dan Badan Pengelolaan
Sumber
Daya
Alam
dan
Lingkungan
Hidup
(BAPESDALH) Provinsi Papua. 3.3.
Tahap Konstruksi
3.3.1. Peningkatan CO, NO 2, SO4 dan Debu Lokal (Penurunan Kualitas Udara) 1) Dampak Penting dan Sumber Dampak Penting
Terjadinya penurunan kualitas udara ambient disekitar jalan yang dilalui kendaraan pengangkut akibat peningkatan emisi gas buang kendaraan (CO, NO 2, SO2) dan debu lokal. Sumber dampak adalah kegiatan mobilisasi alat berat dan material konstruksi, pematangan lahan dan pondasi selama pembangunan bangunan pabrik, sarana serta prasarana penunjangnya. 2) Tolak Ukur Dampak
Tolak ukur dampak terhadap kualitas udara ambient adalah rona awal kondisi kualitas udara di lokasi rencana kegiatan, yaitu debu (TSP) 64,42- 76,19 µg/m 3, CO 3
3
3
103,47- 125,97 µg/m , NO2 0,70- 1,50 µg/m dan SO2 9,40- 14,63 µg/m . Kemudian dibandingkan dengan baku mutu kualitas udara ambien berdasarkan PP No. 41 Tahun 1999. Tolak ukur dampak lanjutan adalah jumlah penderita ISPA yang tercatat
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
khususnya di pemukiman penduduk yaitu memlalui pemasangan rambu-rambu pembatas kecepatan dan bagi yang melanggar dikenakan sanksi disiplin kerja. Pengaturan tersebut akan menekan sebaran dan kadar debu ke lingkungan khususnya perkampungan penduduk di pinggir jalur angkutan. b) Member penutup kain terpal atau plastik pada truk saat melakukan pengankutan bahan material tanah atau agregrat, sehingga tidak tercecer di jalan khususnya sekitar pemukiman yang dilewati. c) Melakukan penyiraman di lokasi jalan yang berdebu khususnya pemukiman sekitar lokasi yang dilalui oleh kendaraan pengangkut bahan material, pada saat cuaca panas. Penyiraman di lokasi berdebu dilakukan dengan menggunakan truk tangki air. Penyiraman dilakukan berjalan dan diatur kecepatannya sehingga penyiraman berlangsung efektif. d) Melakukan semua kegiatan mobilisasi bahan bangunan, pada siang hari, sehingga pemaparan debu di lingkungan pemukiman tidak terus menerus 24 jam. e) Memasang rambu-rambu lalu lintas mengenai pembatasan laju kendaraan. f) Menggunakan kendaraan pengangkut yang layak jalan. g) Apabila dilakukan sampai malam, maka ada pemberitahuan kepada pihak kepala kampung.
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
6) Periode Pengelolaan
Pengelolaan dilakukan setiap hari pada saat kegiatan mobilisasi alat berat dan material konstruksi, pematangan lahan dan pondasi selama pembangunan bangunan pabrik, sarana serta prasarana penunjangnya. 7) Institusi Pengelolaan Lingkungan
a) Pelaksana
: PT. Montelo
b) Pengawas
: Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Mappi, Kantor Lingkungan Hidup, Kabupaten Mappi dan Badan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan Hidup (BAPESDALH) Provinsi Papua.
c) Pelaporan
: Kantor Lingkungan Hidup, Kabupaten Mappi dan Badan Pengelolaan
Sumber
Daya
Alam
dan
Lingkungan
Hidup
(BAPESDALH) Provinsi Papua. 3.3.2 Peningkatan Intensitas Kebisingan 1)
Dampak Penting dan Sumber Dampak Penting
Terjadinya peningkatan intensitas kebisingan yang disebabkan oleh suara mesin kendaraan/alat berat yang digunakan pada saat kegiatan konstruksi. Sumber dampak adalah kegiatan mobilisasi alat berat dan material konstruksi, pematangan lahan dan pondasi selama pembangunan bangunan pabrik, sarana serta prasarana
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
a) Mengatur kecepatan kendaraan saat melewati jalan khususnya di permukiman penduduk agar tidak beriringan yaitu interval waktu antara satu kendaraan dengan kendaraan lain minimal 10 menit dan membatasi kecepatannya yaitu maksimum 35 km/jam, sehingga kebisingan di jalan yang dilewati menjadi minimal. b) Memasang rambu-rambu lalu lintas mengenai pembatasan laju kendaraan. c) Menggunakan kendaraan pengangkut yang layak jalan. d) Apabila dilakukan sampai malam, maka ada pemberitahuan kepada pihak kepala kampung. e) Menanam pepohonan yang dapat meredam kebisingan. f) Tidak membunyikan klakson pada saat melintasi permukiman penduduk. 5)
Lokasi Pengelolaan
Pengelolaan
dilakukan
di
sepanjang
jalan
yang
melewati
perkampungan/permukiman penduduk yang dilewati angkutan kendaraan truk pada saat mobilisasi alat berat dan material konstruksi serta dilakukan pada kendaraan pengangkut. 6)
Periode Pengelolaan
Pengelolaan diakukan setiap hari pada saat kegiataan mobilisasi alat berat dan
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
3.3.3 Peningkatan Aliran Air Permukaan dan Timbulnya Potensi Banjir serta Timbulnya Erosi Tanah. 1) Dampak Penting dan Sumber Dampak
Kegiatan pembukaan dan penyiapan lahan serta pembangunan p embangunan sarana dan prasarana kebun berupa aktivitas pembersihan lahan dari semak belukar, pohon-pohon serta tanaman penutup lainnya akan meningkatkan volume air larian (run off) menjadi 7,6 kali dibandingkan kondisi sebelum ada proyek pada saat turun hujan, sehingga akan meningkatkan potensi erosi sebesar 88,81 ton/ha/tahun atau meningkat 10 kali dari kondisi awal. Sumber dampak adalah kegiatan pembukaan dan pengolahan tanah, pematangan lahan dan pondasi serta pembangunan sarana dan prasarana penunjang kebun. 2) Tolok Ukur Dampak 3
a) Peningktan volume air larian tidak diperkenankan melebihi 3.750 m /hari sesuai kondisi sebelum ada kegiatan (rona awal). b) Laju erosi pada saat konstruksi adalah sebesar 88,81 ton/ha/tahun. c) Tampak secara visualisasi luasnya daerah terbuka tutupan lahan yang tidak dikelola yang menyebabkan tampaknya proses pengikisan tanah oleh air hujan (erosi) yang menyebabkan kekeruhan air.
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
perencanaan yang layak sesuai periode serta curah hujan lokal setempat yaitu pada saat struktur bangunan seluruhnya telah berdiri. c) Melakukan penanaman terhadap lahan terbuka dengan suatu tanaman maka selain akan mencegah erosi, juga agar air larian menyerap ke dalam tanah sehingga volume air larian akan menurun dan potensi air tanah dangkal akan meningkat. d) Pada daerah aliran sungai, vegetasi pada kanan kiri sempadan sungai harus dipertahankan selebar 50 meter untuk anak sungai dan 100 meter untuk induk sungai. Sketsa lahan konservasi sempadan sungai disajikan pada Gambar 3.1 5) Lokasi Pengelolaan Lingkungan
a) Pembuatan saluran air hujan darurat, saluran air hujan (drainase) primer, sekunder maupun tersier di lakukan di sekeliling lokasi tapak proyek.
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TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
3) Tujuan Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
Tujuan pengelolaan lingkungan terhadap penurunan kualitas air permukaan adalah untuk mempertahankan daya dukung air agar tidak merana (rentan) serta tidak terjadi dampak turunan berupa gangguan terhadap biota air, khususnya pada sungai-sungai yang berada di sekitar lokasi (Sungai Digoel dan Sungai Matan) yang berdampak lanjutan terhadap persepsi masyarakat. 4) Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
a) Membuat fasilitas MCK di lokasi basecamp sesuai dengan persyaratan yang ditetapkan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Kabupaten Mappi dan Provinsi Papua, al. jarak septic tank dengan sumber air tanah > 10 m. b) Air gelontoran (grey water) dialirkan dan dibuang ke badan air penerima melalui saluran drainase.
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May 12, 2014
1)
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
Dampak Penting dan Sumber Dampak
Dampak penting yang dikelola adalah penurunan kualitas air permukaan dan air tanah dari ceceran pupuk yang terbawa air larian pada saat hujan yang bersumber dari kegiatan pemeliharaan Tanaman Belum Menghasilkan (TBM). Penggunaan pupuk yang menggunakan bahan kimia dapat meningkatkan kandungan TDS, Penurunan DO, peningkatan kandungan BOD, COD, H2S, Fosfat, Amoniak, Nitrit dan Nitrat serta peningkatan kandungan Fe, F dan MBAS. Dampak ini juga akan berdampak lanjutan terhadap biota air pada perairan tersebut. 2)
Tolok Ukur Dampak
a) Kualitas air badan air penerima sesuai dengan kondisi rona lingkungan awal. b) Kualitas air sungai mengacu Peraturan Pemerintah No.82 tahun 2001 akibat peningkatan kandungan TDS, Penurunan DO, peningkatan kandungan BOD,
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7)
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
Institusi Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
a) Pelaksana
: PT. Montelo
b) Pengawas
: Kantor Lingkungan Hidup, Kabupaten Mappi dan Badan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan Hidup (BAPESDALH) Provinsi Papua.
c) Pelaporan
: Kantor Lingkungan Hidup, Kabupaten Mappi dan Badan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan Hidup (BAPESDALH) Provinsi Papua.
3.3.6 Perubahan Fungsi Ruang dan Multiplier Effect 1)
Dampak Penting dan Sumber Dampak
Penerimaan dan mobilisasi tenaga kerja serta penanaman tanaman karet yang menumbuhkan sektor informal berdampak positif terhadap perubahan lahan,
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TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
c) Memadukan program penyediaan prasarana jalan, fasilitas sosial dan fasilitas umum yang akan dilakukan perusahaan terkait dengan penyediaan sarana di areal perkebunan dan pabrik pengelohan karet untuk mendukung aktifitas perusahaan dengan program rencana Pemerintah Kabupaten Mappi di wilayah Distrik Edera dan sekitarnya. 5)
Lokasi Pengelolaan Lingkungan
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kayu jambu putih/burolik (Eugenia sp). 44,737%; resak (Vatica sp). 40,871%; dan Rahay/Rafa (Acacia sp). 32,988%. Sementara itu jenis yang dominan untuk tingkat pertumbuhan tiang, yaitu kayu kedondong (Spondias pinnata) dengan INP sebesar 41,390%; mersawa (Anisoptera sp). 35,191%; merbau (Intsia sp). 32,357%; matoa merah (Pometia sp). 27,981%; dan bintangur (Calophyllum sp). 27,515%. Selain itu, hutan ini merupakan habitat bagi berbagai jenis satwa liar yang dilindungi
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May 12, 2014
3)
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
Tujuan Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
Tujuan pengelolaan adalah untuk meminimalisir vegetasi yang hilang saat pembukaan dan penyiapan lahan, pembangunan sarana dan prasarana kebun serta pembangunan sehingga penurunan keanekaragaman vegetasi yang ada yang akan ditebang dapat dikurangi. Selain itu, semakin sedikit lahan hutan yang ditebang. Maka hilangya keanekaragaman satwa liar yang ada di dalamnya juga
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5)
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
Lokasi Pengelolaan Lingkungan
Lokasi pengelolaan dilakukan di lokasi tapak proyek, yaitu meliputi: a) Penghijauan dilakukan untuk lahan-lahan tidak produksi untuk tanaman karet. b) Pembuatan daerah penyangga (buffer zone) pada lahan/tanah sakral dan kawasan suaka alam (KSA). c) Pembuatan jalur hijau (green belt) dapat dilakukan pada lahan yang berbatasan
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Sumber dampak yang menyebabkan penurunan keanekaragaman fauna darat adalah penebangan hutan yang menjadi habitat fauna karena kegiatan pembukaan dan penyiapah lahan, pembangunan sarana dan prasarana kebun serta pembangunan. 2)
Tolok Ukur Dampak
Tercatat paling tidak 8 jenis mamalia yang dapat ditemukan di lokasi tapak
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
3.5 Tahap Pasca Operasional 3.5.1 Hilangnya Mata Pencaharian Penduduk 1) Dampak Pentin Dan Sumber Dampak
Kegiatan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Dengan Terlah Berakhirnya Kegiatan Operasional Perkebunan Karet Maupun Pabrik Karet Akan Menyebabkan Hilangnya Mata Pencaharian Tenaga Kerja Yang Ada. Dengan Jumlah ± 1.100 Tenaga Kerja Perkebunandan 220 Orang Tenaga Kerja Pabrik Pengolahan Karet. 2) Tolak Ukur Dampak
Tolak ukur dampak terhadap hilangnaya mata pencaharian penduduk ialah jumlah tenaga kerja yang di putus hubungan kerja oleh perushaan 3) Tujuan Rencana pengelolaan lingkungan hidup
Tujuan pengelolaan ini adalah untuk memberian arahan dan persiapan bagi tenaga kerja yang di PHK sehinggs mereka dapat mencari atau menciptakan usaha yanh lain. 4) Pengelolaan lingkungan hidup
Untuk kegiatan pengadaan lahan pengelolaan yang akan dilakukan: a) Memberikan informasi kekegiatan perusahaan jauh-jauh hari sehingga tenaga kerja yang ada memiliki persiapan untuk di PHK. b) Memberikan keterampilan sesuai dengan kemampuan/kealian tenaga kerja bekrjasama dengan balai latihan kerja, kementerian tenaga kerja repuli indonesia c/q Dinas Tenaga Kerja Dan Kependudukanprovinsi Papua Dan Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kabuaten Mappi. c) Memberikan santunan (uang pasangon) bagi karyawan yang tenaga kerja yang di PHK sesuai perauran. 5)
Lokasi Pengelolalan Lingkungan Hidup
Pengelolaan lingkungan dilakukan terhadap seluruh karyawan/tenaga kerja yang bekerja diperusahan.
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
Pengelolaan lingkungan dilakuan bebrapa waktu sebelumnya pemetuhan hubunhan kerja pada karyaean. 7) Institusi Pengelolaan Lingkungan
a. Pelaaksana
: PT. Montelo
b. Pengawas
: Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Mappi Badan Lingkungan Hidup
dan
litbang kab. Mappi Dan Badan
Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Dan Lingkungan Hidup(BAPESDALH) Provinsi papua d) Pelaporan : Badan Lingkungn Hidup Dan Litbang Kab. Mappi Dan Badan
Pengelolaan
Sumber
Daya
Alam
Dan
Lingkungan Hidup (BAPESDALH) Provinsi Papua. 3.5.2 Terbukanya Kesempatan Kerja 1) Dampak Penting dan Sumber Dampak
Pengemblian sarana sdan sdan prasana yang telh telh dibangun berakhir
dengn
kegiatan
perkebunan
dan
pabrik
karene telah pengolahan
PT.MONTELO (HFU :35 tahun )apakalagi tdkdipnanjakam HGU-nya kepada pemerintah kabupaten mappi, akanmenjdipelunh kerja dalam membuka sumber mata pencaharian bagi penduduk sekitar. Dengan dikembalikannya lahan serta semua srananya, maka penduduk setempat memperoleh kembali haknya untuk mengelola dan memanfaatkan lahan yang diserahkan perusahaan. Sehubungan dengan pemutusan hubungan kerja yang di lakukan, maka dengan adanya kesempatan membuka usaha dilahan ini menjadi hal yang sangat bagi masyarakat. 2) Tolak Ukur Dampak
a) Jumlah penduduk lokal yang memperoleh kembali haknya untuk mengelola dan memanfaatkan lahan yang diserahkan perusahaan. b) Jenis mata pencaharian penduduk setempat di Kampung banamepe dan yodomdistrik edera kab.mappi 3) Tujuan Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
4) Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
Untuk kegiatan pengadaan lahan pengelolaan yang akan dilakukan : a) Berkodinasai dengan aparat kampung dan distrik setempat untuk pengolahan
sarana
dan
perasarana
yang
ditinggalkan
oleh
perusahaan sehingga dapat termanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. b) Berkoordinasi dengan instansi di kabupaten untuk pemanfaatan fasilitas
sarana
dan
perasaranan
yang
dapat
digunakan
pengembangan kesejahteraan masyarakat. 5) Lokasi pengelolaan lingkungan hidup
Pengelolaan lingkungan hidup dilakukan terhadap seluruh karyawan /tenaga kerja yang bekerja di perusahaan, terutama dari penduduk Kp. Banamepe dan Yodom. 6) Periode pengelolaan lingkungan hidup
Pengelolaan lingkungan dilakukan beberapa waktu sebelim dilakukan pngemblian sarana dan prasarana pabrik kepasa msyarakat pemilik hak ulayat. 7) Institusi Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
a) Pelaksana : PT. Montelo b) Pengawas : Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kabupaten Mappi, Kantor Lingkungan Hidup , Kab, Mati Dinas Tenaga Kerja Dan Perukiman, Ksbupsten Msppi, Dan Pemukiman Pemukiman Kab. Kab. Mappi, Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kabupaten Mappi Dinas Tenaga Kerja Dan Kependudukan Provinsi Papua,Dan Badan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Dan Lingkungan Hidup. c) Pelaporan :Kantor Lingkungan Hidup, Kab Mappi Dan Badan Lingkungan (BAPESDALH) Dan Dinas Tenaga Kerja Provinsi Papua.
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May 12, 2014
TUGAS BESAR AMDAL
DAFTAR PUSTAKA Adiwibowo, 1999. Metode Evaluasi Dampak, Makalah Kersus Penyusun AMDAL. Fakultas Pertanian IPB Pertanian, Bogor. 1998. Issue Management In Resources Planning. In Reg Land (Ed). Intergrated Approaches To Resource Planning And Management . Calgary : University Of Calgary
Press. Anonimous. 1983. Criteria sifat kimia tanah. Pusat penelitian tanah. Departemen Pertanian, Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Bogor. Anonimous. 1997. Manual kapasitas jalan Indonesia (MKJI). Sweroad Bekerjasama dengan PT. bima karya (persero) Jakarta. Alam setia zein, S.H, 1996, Hukum Lingkungan- Konsekuensi Hutan, Bineka Cipta, Jakarta Apha. 1980. Standard Metosd for the Examination Of Waste Water. American Public Health Association, Washingtong, DC. Arsyad, S. 1990. Konsevasi Tanah dan Air. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor Axelrod, D.I> and P.H. revan, 1982. Paleobiogeography and origin of the New Guinea flora. In : J.L. gressit (ed.), Biogeogrsphy snd Ecologi of New Guinea. Pp. 919-9941. W. Junk, The Hague. Bemmelen, R.W. van, 1970, The Geology, of Indonesia, Vol. IA, Martinus Nijhoff The The, Haque, The, Netherlands. Branch, Kristi et.al. 1984. Guide to Social Impact Assessment : A Framework For Assessing Social Change. Boulder, CO : Westview. Canter, larry w. 1984. Environmental Impact Assessment. Assessment. New York : Mcgraaw Hill. Cairil anwar. 2001. Managemen dan teknologi budidaya karet. Medan : Pusat Penelitian
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Danerson, r. Frederick (1998). NEPA in thr Courts : A Legal Analysis of the Natural Enviromenmental Policy Act. Society dan Natural Resource Journal. Vol l. Danake, Gregory et.al (1983). Public Involvement dan Social Impact Assessment. Boulder, CO : Westview Press.
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