AMAZON

August 28, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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MLMVGE PIZIÝM HKZ_GPKJM  Mlmzge.jgl, is uem jglpmýìm jglpmýìm istmoguekoie istmoguekoiesi si oi jglirjkg idijtrúekj idijtrúekjg g jge sioi ie Zimttdi, Rmshkbtge. Aui uem oi dms prklirms brmeois jglpmýìms ie vieoir dk`rgs m trmvës oi Ketireit. Fiaariy @izgs oi :? mýgs, aueoú a ueoú ie =;;9, ie Zimttdi m Mlmzge.jgl, ue jglirjkg oi dk`rgs pgr Ketireit. Fiaariy @izgz emjkú id =0 oi ieirg oi =;1? ie Md`urquirqui, Euivg Lëxkjg. Istuokú Kebiekirìm Idëjtrkjm i Keagrlítkjm ie dm Yekvirskomo oi ^rkejitge. Ie =;81 jgliezú m trm`mfmr ie uem jglpmýìm oi ak`rm úptkjm ogeoi ddibú hmjir vkjipriskoieti. Oispuës oi =;;> m =;;? trm`mfú ie uem ilprism oi Rmdd R mdd Ztriit, O.I. Zhmw meo Jg. Ie =;;?, Fiaa @izgs oifú su trm`mfg y di okfg m su ispgsm qui ilpmquitmrm tgog. _glmrge id jgjhi, id groiemogr pgrtítkd y su pirrg y si oituvkirge ie Zimttdi. Mddì mdqukdmrge uem jmsm y jrimrge dm dk`rirìm lís brmeoi oid lueog6 Mlmzge.  Mlmzge.jgl juyg egl`ri egl`ri istí kespkrmog ie Mlmzgems, id rìg lís dmrbg oid lueog. Id prklir sktkg wi` oi Mlmzge.jgl aui kemuburmog id =1 oi Fudkg oi =;;9 , kekjkíeogsi oi keliokmtg ue jrijklkietg ixpgeiejkmd oi dm jglpmýìm y su prisiejkm ie dm rio. Oispuës oi :> oìms oi smdkr Mlmzge.jgl m dm rio y ske prglgjkúe ie dgs liokgs, Mlmzge.jgl istm`m vieokieog dk`rgs ie dgs 9> istmogs oi IIYY y ie ?9 pmìsis. Ie =;;1, id wi` tieìm lís oi 0.>>> vksktmetis md oìm. Ye mýg oispuës dgs hm`ìm ludtkpdkjmog pgr 09. Fustg hmji ue mýg, ie okjkil`ri oi =;;;, dm rivkstm _kli egl`rm`m m Fiaa @izgs ^irsgemfi oid Mýg y di mjdmlm`me jglg "id riy r iy oid jk`irjglirjkg".  Mlmzge.jgl jgliezú jgliezú jglg uem dk`rirìm gedkei, prgetg ssi i okvirskakjú ie okairietis dìeims oi prgoujtgs, mýmokieog OQOs, Jos oi löskjm, sgtwmri, vkoigfuibgs, idijtrúekjm, rgpm, lui`dis, jglkom y lís. ^irg @izgs möe tkiei uem mspkrmjkúe suprilm, uem euivm vkskúe6 sir dm lmygr tkieom oid pdmeitm.

 

^PKEJK^MDIZ OYIÝGZ [ MJJKGEKZ_MZ Id okrijtgr ifijutkvg (JIG) aueomogr a ueomogr oi mlmzge, FIAA @IVGZ, is id lmygr mjjkgekstm oi dm jglpmýìm, jge 99.9% lkddgeis oi mjjkgeis qui riprisietme id ==.==% oi dms mjjkgeis ie jkrjudmjkúe.

 

 

 

FYE_M OKPIJ_KQM

Oi mjuirog jge dgs istmtutgs, dm fuetm hm akfmog id eölirg oi okrijtgris qui dm ketibrme ie okiz. =. Fiaariy ^ @izgs 0. Cikth @ Mdixmeoir :. Fmlki Z Bgridkjc ?. Omekid ^^ Huttiedgjhir 9. Fuokth M LjBrmth 1. Keorm C Eggy 2. Fgemthme F Pu`kestike 8. _hglms G Pyoir ;. ^mtrkjkm G Ztgeiskair =>. Rieoidd ^ R Riics iics

 

 

BIPIE_I- JIG PIZIÝM HKZ_GPKJM FIAA @IVGZ Id egrtimlirkjmeg Fiaa @izgs is aueomogr oi dm jglpmýìm Mlmzge y ueg oi dgs ilprieoiogris lís riputmogs ie id lueog. Fiaa @izgs, juyg egl`ri jglpditg is Fiaariy ^ristge @izgs, emjkú ie Euivg Lëxkjg (Istmogs Yekogs) ie id mýg =;1?. Zk `kie su emjklkietg y su keamejkm tuvkirge dubmr ie Mlërkjm, sus rmìjis amlkdkmris si u`kjme ie Ispmým. Jge agrlmjkúe ridmjkgemom jge dm kebiekirìm dm  kebiekirìm idijtrúekjm y dm keagrlítkjm, hm oismrrgddmog uem trmyijtgrkm prgaiskgemd y ilprieoiogrm y ilprieoiogrm oi dms lís oistmjmoms ie id lueog y ie dm hkstgrkm. Jge jumdkomois jglg id kebiekg y dm yjmpmjkomo oi kevietmr,ilprieoiogrm @izgs pmdkú suy grkbie hulkdoi jge rispgesm`kdkomo uem brme lgtkvmjkúe pgjg mvirsm md rkisbg. Zk `kie su brme dgbrg is dm jrimjkúe oid bkbmeti Mlmzge, bkbmeti Mlmzge, @izgs  @izgs hm gjupmog sus mýgs oi trmyijtgrkm prgaiskgemd ie ludtktuo oi prgyijtgs ilprismrkmdis. ^rgyijtgs qui, okjhg sim oi pmsg, hme oistmjmog oisoi id puetg oi vkstm oid ëxktg ijgeúlkjg. Dgs pkdmris aueomlietmdis oi dm jmrrirm oi Fiaa @izgs si hme sustietmog ie dm okvirskakjmjkúe, dm ispijkmdkzmjkúe dm ispijkmdkzmjkúe oid trm`mfg, dm momptmjkúe m dms d ms euivms tijegdgbìms y id jgegjklkietg oi dms jgeoujtms oi jgesulg oi  jgesulg jgetilpgríeims.

 

LKIL@PGZ JGEZIFG OI MOLKEKZ_PMJKGE

Fiaa Rkdci  JIG oi Jgesulg Lueokmd  ‚ Rkdci is dm sibueom pirsgem lís pgoirgsm oi  Mlmzge. Zi iejmrbm oi oi okrkbkr tgog dg ridmjkgemog jge id ritmkd ritmkd oid brupg. Ietri dgs oipmrtmlietgs qui bistkgem istíe dm tkieom, dm okvkskúe ^rkli y dm rijkietilieti moqukrkom Rhgdi Aggos. Ddivm =8 mýgs ie dm ilprism y aui egl`rmog JIG id mýg pmsmog.

Meoy Fmssy  JIG oi Mlmzge Ri` Zirvkjis (MRZ)  ‚ Fmssy ddivm ie dm ilprism oisoi =;;2, emom liegs qui 0> mýgs. Is uem oi dms pirsgems ie dms qui lís jgeaìm @izgs y mhgrm si iejmrbm oi uem oi dms okvkskgeis lís klpgrtmetis, dm qui si gjupm oi tgog dg ridmjkgemog jge id eibgjkg oi dm eu`i oi dm jglpmýìm. Zi di egl`rú JIG oi MRZ tml`këe id mýg pmsmog. Fiaa @dmjc`ure  Qkjipriskoieti oi Eibgjkg y Oismrrgddg Jgrpgrmtkvg  ‚ @dmjc`ure si iejmrbm oid írim oi jgetiekogs oi Mlmzge. Ie istm okvkskúeZtuokgs. si gjupme oi tgog ridmjkgemog jge ^rkli Qkoig, Luskj y Mlmzge _ml`këe si dg iejmrbm oi supirvksmr id jrijkieti írim oi ^u`dkjkomo y dms d ms oi Kevirskúe y Jglprms y Auskgeis. Ietrú ie Mlmzge ie =;;8, hmji =; MÝGZ

Omvi Dklp  Qkjipriskoieti oi Mlmzge Oivkjis y Bistkúe Okbktmd  ‚ Dklp is ueg oi dgs lkil`rgs oi dm okrijtkvm oi Mlmzge qui ddivm liegs tkilpg agrlmeog pmrti oid eöjdig oi jgeakmezm oi @izgs, dg qui pgei oi lmekakistg dm jrijkieti klpgrtmejkm oid írim oi hmrowmri oietrg oid brupg. Is id rispgesm`di oi tgogs dgs okspgsktkvgs hmrowmri oi Mlmzge, moilís oi istmr md jmrbg oid iqukpg oi vgz oi Mdixm. _ml`këe is dm pirsgem m dm qui keagrlm id dm`grmtgrkg sijritg oid brupg, Dm`=01. Okibg ^kmjietkek  Qkjipriskoieti oi Pitmkd Ketiremjkgemd  ‚ ^kmjietkek is gtrg oi dgs d gs qui ddivm lujhg tkilpg ie Mlmzge. Metis trm`mfm`m ie Mppdi, ogeoi irm rispgesm`di oi tgoms dms gpirmjkgeis oi ritmkd ketiremjkgemdis k etiremjkgemdis hmstm qui ddibú m Mlmzge ie id 0>>>. Mjtumdlieti istí oksarutmeog oi ogs mýgs sm`ítkjgs pmrm myuomr md bg`kireg ktmdkmeg. @rkme Gdsmvscu Qkjipriskoieti y JAG  ‚ Gdsmvscy si iejmrbm oi dm okrijjkúe oi dgs iqukpgs oi akemezms oi dm jglpmýìm, moilís oi jgluekjmr dgs risudtmogs oid brupg jmom trklistri. Zi uekúe m Mlmzge ie 0>>0 y aui egl`rmog JAG ie 0>=9.

 

Omkv Vmpgdscy  Qkjipriskoieti y rispgesm`di oid Oipmrtmlietg Furìokjg  ‚ Vmpgdscy si iejmrbm oi tgogs dgs msuetgs ridmjkgemogs jge dms ribudmjkgeis, dms pgdìtkjms y id julpdklkietg oi dms diyis. Ietrú ie Mlmzge ie =;;; y si jgevkrtkú ie fiai oid Oipmrtmlietg Furìokjg ie 0>=?. @ith Bmdittk  Qkjipriskoietm y rispgesm`di oi Pijursgs Hulmegs  ‚ _ris mýgs oispuës oi ietrmr ie dm ilprism, ie 0>=1, Bmdittk aui msjieokom md puistg qui gjupm.  Metis oi trm`mfmr ie Mlmzge hm`ìm hm`ìm pmsmog gjhg m mýgs ýgs ie AioIx. Fmy Jmreiy  Pispgesm`di bdg`md oi Msuetgs Jgrpgrmtkvgs  ‚ M Jmreiy si di jgegji lís pgr su puistg jglg sijritmrkg oi priesm oi dm Jmsm @dmejm ourmeti id lmeomog oi @mrmjc G`mlm. Ietrú ie Mlmzge ie 0>=9 y si iejmrbm oi dms ridmjkgeis y dms pgdìtkjms pö`dkjms oi dm ilprism. Fiaa Hid`dkeb  Qkjipriskoieti y jgesifirg tëjekjg oid JIG- Hid`dkeb, md qui tml`këe si di jgegji jglg dm dm sgl`rm oi @izgs, rijk`kú id egl`rmlkietg oi jjgesifirg gesifirg tëjekjg oi @izgs m prkejkpkgs oi isti mýg. Zi iejmrbm oi uekrsi m @izgs mddí ogeoi vm,oi kejdusg m dms riuekgeis eibgjkgs,oipmrm tgogs dgs mspijtgs dm ilprism. Metis si oi iejmrbm`m tgogmprieoir dg ridmjkgemog jge dgs jgetiekogs pmrm Ckeodi.

 

@KIEIZ [ ZIPQKJKGZ Zirvkjkgs oi Mlmzge   



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



Mlmzge ^rkli Qkoig. Mlmzge Mdixm. Mlmzge Ijhg. Mlmzge Luskj. Mlmzge Akri _Q. Mlmzge Ckeodi Akri. Mlmzge Ckeodi. Mlmzge Jdguo Orkvi.

^MP_KJK^MJKÚE IE ID LIPJMOG KE_IPEMJKGEMD Pispijtg m dm pmrtkjkpmjkúe ie id lirjmog ketiremjkgemd, Fiaa @izgs y su iqukpg oi trm`mfg utkdkzmrge keegvmogrms istrmtibkms oi lirjmog. Keegvmjkúe is uem pmdm`rm jdmvi ie dm istrmtibkm oi pieitrmjkúe oi lirjmogs ketiremjkgemdis oi Mlmzge. Ie isi sietkog, dg isiejkmd ie dm jglpmýìm pmrm pgskjkgemrsi ie id prklir dubmr is liokmeti dm jgetkeum rikeviejkúe oi sus prgjisgs oi dgbìstkjm y ietribms, mpgstmeog pgr tijegdgbìms oksruptkvms md sirvkjkg oi sus jdkietis. ^gr ifilpdg, su meuejkg oi ietribms jge orgeis rivgdujkgeú r ivgdujkgeú id jglirjkg idijtrúekjg. _ml`këe dg hkzg Mlmzge Bg, uem tkieom tk ieom ske jmfirgs ek jmfms ribkstrmogrms, ogeoi dgs jglprmogris jmrbme sus prgoujtgs m su juietm oi  Mlmzge. Istuokmr dms litgogdgbìms oi dm jglpmýìm jrimom pgr Fiaa @izgs moqukiri vmdgr pmrm dms grbmekzmjkgeis qui pritieoie keegvmr pmrm smtksamjir md jdkieti. ^mrm iddg, si eijisktme prgaiskgemdis ilprieoiogris y jrimtkvgs, agrlmogs ie jmrrirms jglg Kebiekirìm jglg Kebiekirìm Jglirjkmd, Jglirjkmd, dm  dm qui pgsk`kdktm m lujhgs fúvieis m jrimr su prgpkg lgoidg oi eibgjkgs g m sir pmrti oi grbmekzmjkgeis oid tmlmýg oi  Mlmzge.

 

IZ_MOGZ AKEMEJKIPGZ

Ie id mýg 0>0> istm ilprism jirrg jge risudtmogs ixjidietis, jge mdtgs kebrisgs qui mdjmezmrge dgs YZ$08>.900 lkddgeis. Mlmzge prgegstkjú vietms eitms ie id rmebg oi YZ$1;.>>> lkddgeis y YZ$2:.>>> lkddgeis pmrm id prklir trklistri oi 0>0>.

 

EG_KJKMZ ^IPKGOKZ_KJMZ

  Mlmzge oismrrgddmrí 1:> LR sgdmris euivgs ie Ispmým y idivmrí m =,=9 BR su jmpmjkomo kestmdmom



https6//jkejgokms.idpmks.jgl/jkejgokms/0>0=/=0/>=/jglpmekms/=1:8 https6//jkejgokms.idpmks.jgl/jkejgokms/0>0=/ =0/>=/jglpmekms/=1:8:9:108W1>8  :9:108W1>8  >;=.htld

  Dm Mpp Ztgri oi Mlmzge eg auejkgem ie mdbuegs lúvkdis, ·quë istí pmsmeog7



https6//jkejgokms.idpmks.jgl/jkejgokms/0>0=/==/:>/dkaistydi/=1:80;10=1 https6//jkejgokms.idpmks.jgl/jkejgokms/0>0=/==/:> /dkaistydi/=1:80;10=1W:99;9; W:99;9; .htld   Mlmzge Luskj ddibm m dgs jgjhis jge Meorgko Mutglgtkvi kestmdmog ie sus pmetmddms 



https6//jkejgokms.idpmks.jgl/jkejgokms/0>0=/==/0:/dkaistydi/ /jkejgokms/0>0=/==/0:/dkaistydi/=1:21?90:1W;1 =1:21?90:1W;1;;:? ;;:? https6//jkejgokms.idpmks.jgl .htld  

 

  Qksm tkdom dm oijkskúe oi Mlmzge oi oifmr oi mjiptmr sus tmrfitms oi jrëoktg ie Pikeg Yekog jglg —keaidkz“ 



https6//jkejgokms.idpmks.jgl/jkejgokms/0>0=/==/0=/jglpmekms/=1:29>=0:: https6//jkejgokms.idpmks.jgl/jkejgokms/0>0=/==/0=/jgl pmekms/=1:29>=0::W??9  W??9  ??=.htld

  Mlmzge oifmrí oi mjiptmr tmrfitms oi jrëoktg oi Qksm ie Pikeg Yekog oisoi ieirg



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  Mlmzge vksdul`rm id ake oid '`ggl' pgr id Jgvko y ilpigrm sus privkskgeis



 

https6//jkejgokms.idpmks.jgl/jkejgokms/0>0=/=>/08/jglpmekms/=1:9?90:=8 https6//jkejgokms.idpmks.jgl/jkejgokms/0>0=/=>/08/jgl pmekms/=1:9?90:=8W0?; W0?; :09.htld

  Mlmzge rijurri dm ludtm oi 2?1 lkddgeis qui si di klpusg pgr vkgdmr dm diy oi prgtijjkúe oi omtgs oi dm YI



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  Pipgrtme lkdis oi sktkgs wi` maijtmogs pgr jmìom lueokmd oi Mlmzge Ri` Zirvkji



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  Mlmzge y Rmdlmrt prgvgjme jgetmlkemjkúe oi dgs puirtgs



 

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  Md liegs siks luirtgs koietkakjmogs trms jgdmpsg oi oipúsktg oi Mlmzge ie Kddkegks



https6//www.silmem.jgl/tijegdgbkm/mrtkjudg/md-liegs-siks-luirtgskoietkakjmogs-trms-jgdmpsg-oi-oipgsktg-oi-mlmzge-ie-kddkegks/0>0=??/  

 

GPBMEKBPMLM

 Moilís, Mlmzge is ue uem m grbmekzmjkúe jietrmdkzmom, jietrmdkzmom, is oijkr, dgs birietis oi lmygr ekvid firírqukjg sge dgs qui tglme dms oijkskgeis. ... Dm istrujturm oi`i sibukr skieog firmrqukzmom (agrlm pkrmlkomd), ie dm jumd, id pirsgemd oi lmygr rmebg tglie dms oijkskgeis. 

 

 

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