Allplan Geodesy

Allplan 2014 Step by Step

Geodesy

This documentation has been produced with the utmost care. Nemetschek Allplan Systems GmbH and the program authors have no liability to the purchaser or any other entity, with respect to any liability, loss, or damage caused, directly or indirectly by this software, including but not limited to, any interruptions of service, loss of business, anticipatory profits, or consequential damages resulting from the use or operation of this software. In the event of discrepancies between the descriptions and the program, the menu and program lines displayed by the program take precedence. Information in this documentation is subject to change without notice. Companies, names and data used in examples are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this documentation may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Nemetschek Allplan Systems GmbH. Allfa® is a registered trademark of Nemetschek Allplan Systems GmbH, Munich. Allplan® is a registered trademark of Nemetschek AG, Munich. Adobe® and Acrobat PDF Library™ are trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. AutoCAD®, DXF™ and 3D Studio MAX® are trademarks or registered trademarks of Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA. BAMTEC® is a registered trademark of Häussler, Kempten, Germany. Microsoft®, Windows® and Windows Vista™ are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. MicroStation® is a registered trademark of Bentley Systems, Inc. Parts of this product were developed using LEADTOOLS, (c) LEAD Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. Parts of this product were developed using the Xerces library of 'The Apache Software Foundation'. fyiReporting Software LLC developed parts of this product using the fyiReporting library, which is released for use with the Apache Software license, version 2. Allplan update packages are created using 7-Zip, (c) Igor Pavlov. All other (registered) trademarks are the property of their respective owners. © Nemetschek Allplan Systems GmbH, Munich. All rights reserved. 1st edition, February 2014 Document no. 141eng01s07-1-BM0214

Geodesy

Contents

i

Contents Before You Start ... ....................................................................... 1 Requirements..........................................................................................................2 Feedback on the documentation ..................................................................... 2 Sources of information ....................................................................................... 3 Documentation ............................................................................................................ 3 Additional help ............................................................................................................ 4

Training, coaching and project support ......................................................... 5 Project and drawing files.................................................................................... 6 Basic settings for the exercises ......................................................................... 9 Track tracing...............................................................................................................10

Unit 1: Site Plan module .......................................................... 11 Overview of exercises ....................................................................................... 12 Exercise 1: main road ..............................................................................................12 Exercise 2: side road.................................................................................................13

Initial settings ..................................................................................................... 14 Exercise 1: main road........................................................................................ 15 Task 1: entering the road gradient ......................................................................15 Task 2: labeling and stationing the main road ................................................23

Exercise 2: side road .......................................................................................... 29 Task 1: designing the side road ............................................................................29 Task 2: labeling and stationing the side road...................................................34 Task 3: skewing the roadsides ...............................................................................37 Task 4: connecting the side road to the main road ........................................42

ii

Contents

Allplan 2014

Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module ................................... 45 Overview of exercises ....................................................................................... 46 Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model .............................. 46 Exercise 4: raising a 3D element.......................................................................... 48

Default settings .................................................................................................. 49 Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model ....................... 51 Task 1: placing terrain points ............................................................................... 51 Task 2: creating and optimizing a DTM ............................................................. 57 A note on meshing elements at the height of the terrain .......................... 61 Task 3: entering a breakline .................................................................................. 62 Task 4: drawing contour lines and labeling the DTM .................................... 63 Task 5: changing the smoothing factor of contour lines............................. 67

Exercise 4: raising a 3D element ................................................................... 69

Unit 3: road construction......................................................... 75 Overview of exercises ....................................................................................... 76 Exercise 5: importing DTM files ........................................................................... 76 Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section .................................... 76 Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient .................. 77 Exercise 8: torsion trace ......................................................................................... 77 Exercise 9: slope ....................................................................................................... 78 Exercise 10: computing cut and fill .................................................................... 78

Data on the Internet ......................................................................................... 79 Downloading data.................................................................................................... 79

Exercise 5: importing DTM files ..................................................................... 80 Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section ............................. 85 Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient ........... 94 Exercise 8: torsion trace................................................................................... 97

Geodesy

Contents

iii

Exercise 9: slope ............................................................................................... 101 Exercise 10: computing the cut and fill.................................................... 103 Additional steps to edit the DTM ................................................................ 106

Unit 4: importing files ........................................................... 107 Exercise 11: importing file using an offset .............................................. 108

Appendix .................................................................................... 115 Bridge construction ......................................................................................... 116 Bridge cross-section .............................................................................................. 116 Designing the road ................................................................................................ 117 Task 1: defining the path..................................................................................... 118 Task 2: entering cross-sections .......................................................................... 122 Task 3: exporting data .......................................................................................... 130

Index ........................................................................................... 135

iv

Contents

Allplan 2014

Geodesy

Before You Start ...

1

Before You Start ... In this step-by-step guide, the most important tools of Site Plan and Digital Terrain Model modules the are presented to you in four units:  Unit 1 shows you how to create a site plan.  Unit 2 shows you how to create a digital terrain model.  Unit 3 contains additional exercises for road construction. You raise a road to the height of the terrain, create a slope and compute the cut and fill by comparing the original terrain with the modified terrain.  Unit 4 shows you how to use the offset to import and export files. The appendix includes an example showing how to Bridge/Civil Engineering Component. create a You can download the data for units 3, 4 and the appendix from Allplan Connect, our service portal.

2

Requirements

Allplan 2014

Requirements This step-by-step guide assumes that you are familiar with and have a working knowledge of Windows and Allplan 2014. The essentials are described in the manual and in the Allplan help. It is a good idea to work through the exercises in the given sequence as tools that are presented in more detail in the earlier exercises are only referred to by name in later exercises. However, you can work through the four units in any sequence as all the given examples are independent exercises.

Feedback on the documentation We are always trying to improve the overall quality of our program documentation. Your comments and suggestions are important to us and we welcome feedback on the manuals and online help. Please do not hesitate to contact us to express criticism or praise concerning the documentation. Feel free to contact us as follows: Documentation Nemetschek Allplan Systems GmbH Konrad-Zuse-Platz 1 81829 Munich, Germany Phone: 0180 1 750000 Fax: 0180 1 750001 Email: [email protected]

Geodesy

Before You Start ...

3

Sources of information Documentation The Allplan documentation consists of the following: • The help is the main source of information for learning about and working with Allplan. While you work with Allplan, you can get help on the current Help on the function by pressing the F1 key, or activate Default toolbar and click the icon on which you require help. • The Manual consists of two parts. The first part shows how to install Allplan. The second part is designed to provide an overview of basic concepts and terms in Allplan as well as introduce approaches for entering data in Allplan. • The Basics Tutorial guides you step by step through the most important tools for designing and modifying elements in Allplan. • The Architecture Tutorial guides you step by step through the process of designing a building. In addition, you learn how to analyze the building data using reports and to print the results. • The Engineering Tutorial guides you step by step through the process of creating key plans, general arrangement drawings and reinforcement drawings and shows you how to print the results. • New Features in Allplan provide information on what's new in the latest version. • Each volume in the Step-by-Step series deals with a specific concept or series of tools/modules in Allplan in detail. The areas covered include data exchange, system administration, geodesy modules, presentation modules, 3D modeling etc. As a Serviceplus member you can download these guides as PDF files in the Learn - Documents area of Allplan Connect (http://connect.allplan.com).

4

Sources of information

Allplan 2014

Additional help Tips on efficient usage The ? menu includes Tips for efficient usage. This topic provides practical tips and tricks showing you how to use Allplan efficiently and how to carry out operations with ease.

User forum (for Serviceplus customers) Allplan forum in Allplan Connect: users exchange information, valuable tips relating to everyday work and advice on specific tasks. Register now at connect.allplan.com

On the Internet: solutions to frequently asked questions You can find solutions to numerous questions answered by the technical support team in the comprehensive knowledge database at connect.allplan.com/faq

Feedback on the help If you have suggestions or questions on the help, or if you come across an error, send an e-mail to: [email protected]

Geodesy

Before You Start ...

5

Training, coaching and project support The type of training you are given is a decisive factor in the amount of time you actually spend working on your own projects: a professional introduction to the programs and advanced seminars for advanced users can save you up to 35% of your editing time! A tailor-made training strategy is essential. Nemetschek’s authorized seminar centers offer an extensive range of programs and are happy to work out a custom solution with you that will address your own needs and requirements: • Our sophisticated, comprehensive seminar program is the quickest way for professional users to learn how to use the new system. • Special seminars are designed for users who wish to extend and optimize their knowledge. • One-on-one seminars are best when it comes to addressing your own particular methods of working. • One-day crash courses, designed for office heads, convey the essentials in a compact format. • We are also happy to hold seminars on your premises: These encompass not only Allplan issues but include analysis and optimization of processes and project organization. For more detailed information on the current training program, please consult our online seminar guide, which can be found on our homepage (http://www.nemetschek-training.de). You can also contact us for full details Phone: 0180 1 750000 Fax: 0180 1 750001

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Project and drawing files

Allplan 2014

Project and drawing files Start by creating a new project for the exercises in this step-by-step guide. ProjectPilot. As an alternative, select You can create projects in New Project, Open Project on the Default toolbar. Note: The basic concepts of project organization are described in detail in the Allplan help.

To create a project in ProjectPilot 1 Click

ProjectPilot on the File menu.

ProjectPilot opens. 2 On the File menu of ProjectPilot, click New Project….

3 Enter the project name Step by Step - Geodesy in the New Project – Specify Project Name dialog box and click Next.

Geodesy

Before You Start ...

Tip: Offsets can be used to import supra-regional country coordinates with high numbers (e.g. Gauss-Krüger coordinates). Offsets always apply to the entire project. In unit 4, you will learn how to import files using an offset.

4 Make sure that the offset is not selected and click Next to confirm.

7

8

Project and drawing files

Allplan 2014

5 Clear the Template - Detached house with building structure check box and click Finish to confirm the last dialog box. 6 Close ProjectPilot by clicking Exit on the File menu. You are back in Allplan 2014. The new project opens automatically. You require the following drawing files to accomplish the exercises presented in the individual units. It is a good idea to create these drawing files before you start: Unit

Drawing Drawing file name file number

1

1

Main road (location line + parallel lines) with label

2

Side road with connection to main road

2

11

Digital terrain model created by entering single points

3

21

Digital terrain model, imported

22

Cut and fill: digital terrain model, imported

23

Cut and fill: unedited digital terrain model

25

Unedited digital terrain model

31

Point file with free ASCII format, imported using an offset

4

Note: Allplan automatically names drawing files 22 and 23 when calculating the cut and fill.

Geodesy

Before You Start ...

Basic settings for the exercises All the exercises use the following basic settings.

To define basic settings 1 The Palette Configuration is active by default. Do not change this setting. You require an additional configuration toolbar. On the View menu, point to Toolbars and click Landscaping/Urban Planning. 2 Dock the Landscaping/Urban Planning toolbar in the right border of the viewport beside the Edit toolbar. Tip: As the exercises in this guide make constant reference to the flyouts, we advise bookmarking or making a copy of this page.

Advanced Draft flyout Site Plan flyout Digital Terrain Model flyout Landscaping flyout Urban Planning flyout Modifications flyout

3 Set the unit of length in the border of the viewport to m. 4 Set the reference scale in the border of the viewport to 1:1000. 5 On the Format toolbar, select pen thickness 0.25 and linetype 1.

9

10

Basic settings for the exercises

Allplan 2014

Track tracing Track tracing facilitates the intuitive design process. It is active by default.

To make settings for track tracing 1 Click

Line (Create menu - Draft module).

2 Click in the workspace with the right mouse button and select Track tracing options on the shortcut menu. 3 Make the required settings.

Note: You can quickly switch track tracing on and off at any time while entering points by pressing the F11 key or clicking in the dialog line. 4 Click OK to confirm the settings and press ESC to quit the tool.

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

11

Unit 1: Site Plan module Site Plan is a module that includes a wide range of tools that are particularly useful for road and bridge construction. Amongst others, it includes tools for creating curves and slopes of any shape, as well as for location line labeling and stationing. Additional tools are provided for creating point files and for exchanging these with geodetic stations, for example.

12

Overview of exercises

Allplan 2014

Overview of exercises Exercise 1: main road • Create individual elements • Combine the individual elements to produce a composite element • Create roadsides as parallel lines to the composite element

• Define the labels for the road location line • Label the main curve points of the composite element • Disable the labels for the main curve points • Station the location line

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

Exercise 2: side road • Design the side road • Move the station’s reference point • Station the side road • Skew the roadsides manually and in compliance with RAS • Connect side road to main road by filleting

13

14

Initial settings

Allplan 2014

Initial settings First, set general defaults for the

Site Plan module.

These general defaults are used in all exercises in this step-by-step guide.

To set general defaults for the Site Plan module 1 Click

Options (Standard toolbar) and then Terrain.

2 Set the options in the Site plan and advanced draft area as shown below: Make sure that point symbols and lines are created as 3D elements.

3 Click OK to confirm the settings.

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

15

Exercise 1: main road It is advisable to create the main road and the side road in two separate drawing files so that you can see better and to reduce the volume of data per drawing file. To create the main road, start by entering the road gradient. Then create the roadsides as parallel lines. After this, you can station and label the road.

Task 1: entering the road gradient To begin with, a brief overview of the necessary steps: • Create the road location line first. The following step-by-step guide describes in detail how to do this. • For further editing, join the individual elements to form a composite element , which can then be addressed, modified and edited as a single entity. Modify Element Parameters to check the • You can use composite element once again. Parallel Line Segments to create the roadsides and the • Use shoulder. First enter the elements of which the gradient consists. Use the Modify Element Parameters tool. The basic procedure is always the same: • Define the element’s parameters on the context toolbar. While you are defining the element, it is displayed in construction line color on screen. • To ensure that the element has the same direction as the previous one, specify the start point as follows: define the previous element as the reference element and the end point as the reference point. This way, Allplan automatically uses the coordinates and direction defined by this point. • Finally, right-click in the workspace to confirm the settings. Now the element is created, and you can continue and enter the parameters for the next element.

16

Exercise 1: main road

Allplan 2014

To enter parameters 1 Click Open on a Project-Specific Basis (Default toolbar), make drawing file 1 current and close all the others. 2 Click Tip: If you enter the value 0 for the radius, Infinite is shown in the data entry box.

Modify Element Parameters (Site Plan flyout).

3 To define the start point of the first element, click XS (X coordinate in start point) on the Modify Element Parameters Context toolbar.

4 Define the start point of the first element using the global point setting. Click Global point in the dialog line. 5 Enter the following values for the global point: Global X coordinate: 5 Global Y coordinate: 5

6 Press ENTER to confirm. Now the element is displayed on screen as a construction line based on the parameters you have set. 7 The first element is to be a line. To create a line, set the parameters Rad (Rs) and Rad (Re) to 0 and enter 20 for the arc Length. The context toolbar should now look like this:

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

17

8 Right-click in the workspace to confirm the settings. The line is created using the pen thickness and line type currently set; Modify Element Parameters remains active. 9 On the context toolbar, click XS (X coordinate in start point) so that the following element (a circle) is connected directly to the line. Tip: When designing circles, it is important to change the direction as circles are always created in a counter-clockwise direction.

10 Click Delta point in the dialog line and then the line created previously to select it as the reference element. The direction is indicated by an arrow (see below). If the arrow has the wrong direction, you can change it using S->E or E->S in the input options. 11 Click the end point of the line to select it as the reference point 
 (see below). The start point of the element automatically assumes the angle and the coordinates of this point. 10 Direction of element

12 Enter the following values on the context toolbar: Rad (Re) 80.000 A= 50.000

11

18

Exercise 1: main road

Allplan 2014

13 Confirm the parameters. The clothoid is created. Your drawing should now look like this:

st

1 element (line) nd

2 element (clothoid)

14 Use the values given in the table below to enter the other elements. All you need to do is enter the values that are shown in bold; Allplan automatically calculates the other values. Repeat the steps above: • On the context toolbar, click XS. • Double-click with the middle mouse button in the workspace to refresh the display so that you can see the drawing in its entirety. • Click the reference element (the element you created last). • If necessary, change the direction by clicking in the input options. • Click the reference point whose angle and coordinates you wish to adopt (the end point of the element you created last). • Enter the values as shown below (you only need to enter the values shown in bold). • Confirm the parameters.

Geodesy

Type

Unit 1: Site Plan module

Length m

Straight line

already entered

Clothoid

already entered

Rad (Rs) m

19

Rad (Re) m

A=

Circle

40.000

80.000

80.000

Spiral clothoid

45.9375

80.000

- 40.000

35.000

Circle

30,000

- 40.000

- 40.000

-

Spiral clothoid

50,000

- 40.000

40.000

31.6228

Circle

30.000

+ 40.000

40.000

-

Spiral clothoid

45.9375

Circle

40.000

- 80.000

Clothoid

31.250

- 80.000

Straight line

20.000

40.000

0.000

-

- 80.000

35.000

- 80.000

-

0.000

50.000

0.000

-

15 Press ESC to quit the Modify Element Parameters tool. The result should now look like this:

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Exercise 1: main road

Allplan 2014

The next step is to combine the individual elements to produce a composite element, which can then be addressed, modified and edited as a single entity.

To combine elements to produce a composite element 1 Click

Composite Element (Advanced Draft flyout).

2 Enter a name for the composite element. Note: By assigning a name, you can select the composite element without having to click it. This is very useful if several composite elements are within a small area. 3 To define a reference element, click an element of the location line.

4 Double-click with the right mouse button in the workspace to select all connected entities. 5 Press ESC to quit the tool.

Note: The individual elements are displayed using line type 5 and different colors. This is in accordance with the settings you made in the options. Color display depends on the setting of Color stands for Show/Hide (Standard toolbar). pen in If you do not want to display the individual elements in this manner, Modify Composite switch off the Dsp Ce parameter in the Element tool.

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

21

In the steps that follow, you will learn how to check the data of composite elements and of the associated individual elements.

To check data 1 Click

Modify Element Parameters (Site Plan flyout).

2 Click the composite element. The context toolbar displays the parameters of the composite element.

3 The Elements box shows the number of the individual element clicked and the total number of elements in the composite element. Clicking in the data entry box opens another context toolbar containing the parameters of the corresponding individual element. 4 Press ESC to quit the

Modify Element Parameters tool.

Note: To peg out road location lines, you can create a list including the individual elements and print it: Import, Export Point File and create a composite element Click file; select the Show option and confirm the settings.

Then place the list in the workspace. Click print the list on a printer.

Print Preview to

22

Exercise 1: main road

Allplan 2014

Now you will create the roadsides as parallel lines to the composite element. The road is to be 7 m wide.

To create parallel lines 1 Click

Parallel Line Segments (Site Plan flyout).

2 Click the location line. 3 Click Selected element in its entirety in the input options as you want to create a parallel line to the entire segment.

4 Enter 3.50 for the offset. 5 Click below the composite element to specify the side on which the parallel line is to be created. 6 Enter 1 for the number. This creates the roadside on the right. 7 Create the parallel line for the roadside on the left. Enter -7.00 for the offset and 1 for the number. Your drawing should now look like this:

8 Press ESC to quit

Parallel Line Segments.

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

23

Task 2: labeling and stationing the main road Now you will label the main curve points and stationing points of the route. This involves two steps: Modify Composite Element to define the label. • First, click You can set a different label type, symbol and offset for stationing points and main curve points. Label tool for the actual labeling. If the • Then, use the element or the composite element has not been stationed yet, the labels of the stationing points are only displayed after you have stationed the element/composite element.

To define the labels 1 Click

Modify Composite Element (Site Plan flyout).

2 Click the road location line. The Context toolbar shows the current settings. 3 Set the parameters as follows: Statio (station's label type): Normal St Sym (station's point symbol number): 2 St Off (spacing between station text in mm): 0 (= automatic) Label (element's label type): Layout Lb Sym (label’s point symbol number): 1 Lb Off (element label offset in mm): 18 Lb Dir (label direction): S -> E Dsp Ce (display composite elements): Yes Ts L/S (text size factor): 0.8

24

Exercise 1: main road

Allplan 2014

4 Click the Toggle on the right and set the text height to 2.5 and the text width to 2.0.

5 Click the Toggle again and click OK to confirm the settings. This defines the parameters for the labels. The next step is to label the elements. 6 Press ESC to quit the

Modify Composite Element tool.

Next, you will label the main curve points of the location line. First, you need to define the size of the point symbols using the Terrain Point tool.

To label the route 1 Click

Terrain Point (Advanced Draft flyout).

2 On the context toolbar, click Symbol. In the dialog box, set the symbol size to 1.0. 3 Confirm the settings. 4 Press ESC to quit the

Terrain Point tool.

5 In the Tools palette, select the Site Plan module. 6 Click

Terrain family and open the

Label (Tools palette, Create area).

The Label Site Plan setting is active in the input options. Leave it as it is.

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

25

7 Click the road location line. The composite element is labeled based on the parameters you have set. Your drawing should now look like this:

8 Press ESC to quit the

Label tool.

Now you will station the composite element. The stationing points are labeled according to the settings in Modify Composite Element.

To station the location line 1 First, deactivate the labels of the elements again by clicking Modify Composite Element. 2 Click the composite element (see below). 3 To deactivate the labels of the elements, set Label to No and click to switch Lb Sym off. To specify the station label offset, enter 5 in the St Off data entry box.

26

Exercise 1: main road

Allplan 2014

4 Click OK to confirm the settings. This defines the label. 5 Click Station Element (Site Plan flyout) to station the composite element. Make the following settings in the input options: Selected element in its entirety is set; leave it as it is. Click Select point symbol and select symbol 2. Enter 1 for the Size of the point symbol. 6 Click the composite element (see below). 7 Set the station difference to 10. This stations the composite element. The stationing points are labeled according to the settings in Modify Composite Element. Your drawing should now look like this:

8 Press ESC to quit the

Station Element tool.

Site Plan module let you create station Note: The tools in the labels that best suit your own preferences and requirements. In addition, you can also specify the direction and start point of stationing. The pages that follow provide an overview of the options available for setting the reference point, the reference point’s default station and the direction of stationing.

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

27

Reference point of stationing: Starting from this point, the stationing is implemented. In the case of composite elements, the reference point is displayed as a cross (in construction line format). You can move the reference point using Ref Pnt provided in the Modify Element Parameters tool.

Reference point’s default station: The value used to station the reference point (see above). You can change this setting using Def Sta in Modify Element Parameters.

Stationing direction: The direction of stationing. Click Modify Composite Element and Lb Dir to change the direction of the stationing. You can only change the direction when the composite element is not labeled.

28

Exercise 1: main road

Examples:

Reference point = 0 Default station = 0 Label direction: S->E

Reference point = 5 Default station = 0 Label direction: S->E

Reference point = 5 Default station = 7,5 Label direction: S->E

Reference point = 0 Default station = 0 Label direction: E->S

Allplan 2014

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

29

Exercise 2: side road This exercise involves designing the side road, which you will connect to the main road by filleting. Use a separate drawing file for the side road.

Task 1: designing the side road The side road starts at station 217.88 of the main road and is to be perpendicular to the main road. To design the first element (line), use Modify Element the Perp tool. To create the other elements, use Parameters.

To create the side road (first element) 1 Click Open on a Project-Specific Basis (Default toolbar) and make drawing file 2 current. Open drawing file 1 in edit mode. 2 Click

Perp (Create menu - Draft module).

3 Click the location line of the main road (see below). 4 To define the start point of the side road, right-click in the workspace and select Offset by line on the shortcut menu. 5 Click the location line of the main road (see below) and, if necessary, move the reference point to the start of the location line (station 0). Tip: Positive offset values are always applied to the left in relation to the element direction. The direction of the first element defines the direction of the entire composite element.

6 In the dialog line, enter 217.88 for Offset to reference point and 15 for Offset to element and press ENTER to confirm.

30

Exercise 2: side road

Allplan 2014

First element of side road

3 5

7 Press ESC to quit the Perp tool. This completes the first element of the side road. Note: You can use the Station Element tool in conjunction with the Part setting (input options) to create the station for the side road's start point and thus check whether the value is correct.

The other elements of the side road are created using the Modify Element Parameters tool, which is familiar to you from the first exercise.

To design the side road (other elements) 1 Click

Modify Element Parameters.

2 To define the start point, click XS on the context toolbar. 3 To define the reference element, click the line of the side road (see below). 4 To define the reference point, click the end point of the line. The coordinates and the angle of this point are adopted (see below).

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

31

5 To create the first clothoid, enter the following values on the context toolbar: Rad (Re) -30.000 A= 20.000

6 Right-click in the workspace to confirm the settings. This creates the second element of the side road.

Clothoid

Line (perpendicular)

32

Exercise 2: side road

Allplan 2014

7 Enter the other elements using the values given in the table below.

Type

Length m

Straight line

already designed as a perpendicular

Clothoid

already designed

Circle Spiral clothoid Circle Clothoid Straight line

15.000 18.750 12.000 11.250 20.000

Rad (Rs) m

Rad (Re) m

A=

- 30.000

- 30.000

-

- 30.000

+ 20.000

15.000

+ 20.000

+ 20.000

-

+ 20.000

0.000

15.000

+ 0.000

0.000

-

8 Press ESC to quit Modify Element Parameters. Your drawing should now look like this:

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

33

You will combine the individual elements of the side road to produce a composite element and create parallel lines at a distance of 3 m from the location line in the steps that follow. Tip: Here the approach is only outlined briefly. For a detailed description, please refer to Exercise 1: main road (on page 20).

To generate a composite element and to create parallel lines 1 To create a composite element, click (Advanced Draft flyout).

Composite Element

2 Enter a name for the composite element and click a reference element on the side road. Then click twice in the workspace with the right mouse button so that all elements are included in the composite element. The start point of the composite element (= reference point of stationing) is indicated by a cross in construction line format. 3 Click

Parallel Line Segments (Advanced Draft flyout).

4 Create the parallel lines at a distance of 3 m from the road location line. Your drawing should now look like this:

5 Press ESC to quit

Parallel Line Segments.

34

Exercise 2: side road

Allplan 2014

Task 2: labeling and stationing the side road Now you will station and label the side road. The stationing is to begin at the main road with a value of 0. Start by changing the label direction and moving the reference point to the point where the two road location lines intersect.

To define the label 1 Click

Modify Composite Element (Site Plan flyout).

2 Click the side road (see below). 3 Set the parameters for the label: Statio (station's label type): Normal St Sym (station's point symbol number): 2 St Off (spacing between station text in mm): 5 Lb Dir (label direction): E -> S Define the other parameters as shown. Tip: If you want to see the direction of the composite element, right-click in the workspace before you select the composite element, click Offset by line on the shortcut menu and then click the composite element. The direction is indicated by an arrow.

4 Click OK to confirm the settings. 5 Press ESC to quit the

Modify Composite Element tool.

6 To modify the reference point of the stationing, click Element Parameters (Site Plan flyout). 7 Click the side road.

Modify

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

35

8 On the Context toolbar, click Ref Pnt.

9 Click the point where the main road and the side road intersect to define it as the new reference point.

The new reference point is indicated by a cross in construction line format.

36

Exercise 2: side road

Allplan 2014

10 If you want, you can now station the elements without having to activate the Station Element tool. All you need to do is click Spacing on the Context toolbar, enter 10 and confirm the entry. This stations the composite element. Your drawing should now look like this:

11 Press ESC to quit the

Modify Element Parameters tool.

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

37

Task 3: skewing the roadsides Tight curves, road openings, etc. sometimes need to be enlarged in order to accommodate heavy trucks, for example. You can perform the enlargement manually or automatically (according to RAS guidelines). Both procedures are presented in this chapter. Before you start, disable the stationing of the road location line so that you can see better.
 Then station the roadside on the right. The stations are to be spaced at 5 m.

To station the roadside on the right 1 Click

Modify Composite Element (Site Plan flyout).

2 Click the road location line. Click the Statio data entry box and set the label type to No.

3 Confirm the settings. The label is no longer displayed; remains active.

Modify Composite Element

4 Click the roadside on the right. 5 On the Context toolbar, click Statio and set the label type to Normal. 6 Click Lb Dir and set the label direction to E -> S. 7 Confirm the settings.

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Exercise 2: side road

Allplan 2014

8 Click Station Element (Site Plan flyout) to station the roadside. 9 Click the roadside on the right. 10 Enter 5 for the spacing. Your drawing should now look like this:

11 Press ESC to quit the

Station Element tool.

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Unit 1: Site Plan module

39

You will skew the roadside from station -85 to station -60 manually.

To skew the roadside manually  The Site Plan module (Terrain family) is selected In the Tools palette. 1 Click

Skew (Tools palette, Create area).

2 In the input options, click Manual to skew the roadside manually.

3 Click the roadside on the right. 4 Enter 6 for the number of stations. This way, you can define values for the skew at six stations. The Station-Dependent Skew dialog box opens. Enter the station in the column on the left and the value by which the roadside is to be skewed at this station in the column on the right. 5 Enter the values as shown below:

6 Confirm your entries.

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Exercise 2: side road

Allplan 2014

The roadside is skewed manually. Your drawing should now look like this:

Skew manual

3

The stationing points show the skew clearly. 7 Press ESC to quit the

Skew tool.

As an alternative, you will now use RAS guidelines to skew the roadside from station -60 to station -20.

To skew according to RAS guidelines Tip: If the Skew tool is still active, you can simply click RAS in the Input options.

1 Click

Skew.

2 Click the roadside on the right (see below). 3 Click the start point of the skew (see below). This is the end point of the manual skew you performed beforehand.

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Unit 1: Site Plan module

41

4 Click the end point of the skew or enter the value at the keyboard. The end point is at station -20. 5 Enter the offset in the end point by clicking this point again or entering the value 0. Your drawing should now look like this:

4 Skew acc. to RAS

3

2

6 Press ESC to quit the

Skew tool.

7 Click Modify Composite Element (Site Plan flyout). Switch off the station label for the roadside and switch on the one for the road location line.

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Exercise 2: side road

Allplan 2014

Task 4: connecting the side road to the main road Finally, you will connect the roadsides of the side road to the main road by filleting. You first need to isolate the roadsides from the composite element.

To connect the side road to the main road by filleting 1 Click Tip: A composite element can only be exploded in the current drawing file.

Explode Composite Element (Advanced Draft flyout).

2 Click the two roadsides of the side road one after the other (see below). 3 Press ESC to quit the

Explode Composite Element tool.

4 Use the shortcut menu to open the drawing file with the main road. Click an element of the main road with the right mouse button (see below). 5 Click Change Drawing File Status on the shortcut menu and then Current in the dialog box. This makes drawing file 1 current and opens drawing file 2 in edit mode.

Explode Composite Element again and click the (top) 6 Click left roadside of the main road.

Geodesy

Unit 1: Site Plan module

Tip: You can also use the Fillet tool (Change menu - Draft module).

7 Click

43

Fillet and Tangent (Site Plan flyout).

8 To define the first element, click the right roadside of the side road (see below). 9 To specify the second element, click the (top) left roadside of the main road (see below). 10 Enter 8.0 for the radius of the fillet. Several circles are presented for selection. 11 Click the appropriate circle (see below).

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Exercise 2: side road

Allplan 2014

12 As you do not want to reduce the radius, confirm the prompt displayed in the dialog line. 13 You can now create the other fillet by repeating the steps described above. The fillet is drawn. 14 Use Delete (Edit toolbar) and Delete Segment of Line (Change menu - Draft module) to delete the superfluous lines. Your drawing should now look like this:

Geodesy

Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

45

Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module You can use the tools in the Digital Terrain Model module to edit and model terrain data in three-dimensional space. Based on point data which can be entered manually or imported as a file, a three-dimensional model is created by meshing points to form triangles. Special areas (e.g., building plots) can be defined in this model and cut out later during the edit phase. This unit will introduce you to the most important tools of the Digital Terrain Model module. In particular you will learn how to  Place individual terrain points in a grid  Create a three-dimensional model based on individual points  Add points to a DTM and optimize the grid  Create contour lines and elevation points  Label the terrain  Raise 3D elements to the height of the terrain

46

Overview of exercises

Overview of exercises Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model • Place points in a grid • Mesh points to form a digital terrain model • Add more points to the model

Allplan 2014

Geodesy

Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

• Enter a breakline • Draw contour lines in the DTM • Label contour lines along a contour gradient • Label grid points • Change the smoothing factor of contour lines by modifying the DTM

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Overview of exercises

Exercise 4: raising a 3D element • Create a standard 3D element • Raise the 3D element to the height of the terrain • Create a cutaway around the 3D element

Allplan 2014

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Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

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Default settings To set general defaults for the Model module 1 Click

Digital Terrain

Options (Standard toolbar).

The Terrain page you selected in unit 1 is still open. If it isn’t, select it now. 2 Set the options in the Digital terrain model area as shown below:

3 Click OK to confirm the settings. 4 Click

Representation (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

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Default settings

Allplan 2014

5 In the dialog box, activate the display of all elements according to the following illustration to ensure that all DTM elements are visible on screen.

6 Click OK to confirm the settings.

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Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

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Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model Task 1: placing terrain points In the task that follows, you will terrain points as individual points. Start by creating a grid with a spacing of 2 m to help you place the point symbols exactly.

To define a grid 1 Click Open on a Project-Specific Basis (Standard toolbar), make drawing file 11 current and close all the others. 2 Set the reference scale in the border of the viewport to 1:100. 3 To define a grid, click

Grid Settings on the View menu.

4 To define the global point of the grid, enter 0 for both the X axis and the Y axis. Tip: You should assign a point number to all the points you are placing. This way, you can compute the cut and fill without any problems later.

5 To define the width of the grid, enter a value of 2 for both the X axis and the Y axis. 6 On the View menu, click screen.

Grid on/off to display the grid on

To place terrain points in a grid Tip: Point numbers are also displayed when the coordinates are checked by means of the measurement tool.

1 Click

Terrain Point (Advanced Draft flyout).

2 Click Pnt No and enter 1. The points are numbered, starting at number 1.

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Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model

Allplan 2014

3 Click Symbol, select symbol 1, set the symbol size to 5 and select the Constant size in layout option (see below).

4 Click Text, select the Additional text check box, set the text parameters as shown, clear the Additional text check box again and click OK to confirm your settings. Tip: You will also use these text parameters to label the DTM later. It is advisable to clear the Additional text option again. Otherwise, you have to press ESC each time you enter a terrain point in order to skip the prompt for additional text.

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5 Click Height and enter 0 for the height of the first point. 6 Set the other parameters as shown below: Tip: For the label, you can enter an alphanumeric value that is up to 12 characters long. The terrain point and thus the points of the digital terrain model can be labeled with this value.

7 Click the Toggle and define the text parameters as shown below:

This defines the text size for the label of the grid points. 8 Click the Toggle again to confirm the settings. 9 Click in the workspace with the right mouse button, choose Point snap options on the shortcut menu and select Grid point. 10 Click Reduce View on the View menu and place the first terrain point on a grid point at top left (see illustration below). 11 Place the other points as shown below (construction lines, point labels and the numbers of the axes are visible in this illustration to help you place the point symbols; this information is not displayed on your screen). On the context toolbar, assign the height given below to each point symbol. You do not need to change the other parameters.

54

Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model

12 Press ESC to quit the 13 On the View menu, click

Allplan 2014

Terrain Point tool. Grid on/off to hide the grid again.

Note: When creating points, make sure that you always use point numbers right from the beginning. You will need them later on when it comes to computing the cut and fill.

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Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

55

Assigning point numbers With the tools in the Site Plan module used for creating point symbols (e.g Terrain Point, Station Element, Divide Element, Label, Perpendicular through Station, Import, Export Point File), point numbers can be assigned automatically. The point number, which consists of a maximum of eight digits, is made up of a four-digit primary point number and a four-digit secondary point number. The point numbers are defined as follows: Terrain Point, Label and Import, Export Point File, In the parameters for Pr Pnt and Pnt No in Terrain Point are used.

Divide Element , Station Element and PerpenIn dicular through Station, you can define the point numbers using Select point symbol in the input options or Terrain point definition on the shortcut menu.

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Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model

Allplan 2014

Primary point number It represents the constant part of the point number. Entering 0 will set this off, i.e., no primary point number is used. In Site Plan-Specific Point Definition, the primary point number can be transferred automatically from an existing location line Perpendicular through number (for example, when using Station). In order for the number to be transferred automatically, the name of the composite element must include an encrypted number beginning with #N. Example: The name Location Line #123 used for a composite element generates the primary point number 123. When automatically transferring the number, the option for manually setting the number is unavailable. Secondary point number It represents the dynamic part of the point number; this value will increase with each consecutive point. Enter 0 to switch this off. Perpendicular through Station tool automatically takes the The secondary point number from the reference element for composite elements. To assign point numbers later, use

Modify Terrain Point.

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Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

57

Task 2: creating and optimizing a DTM Next, you will create the actual digital terrain model by meshing the individual points to form triangles.

To create the grid 1 Click

Mesh, Optimize Grid (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Double-click in the workspace with the right mouse button to select all points or use the left mouse button to open a selection rectangle enclosing all the points. This creates the digital terrain model. Your drawing should now look like this:

3 Press ESC to quit the

Mesh, Optimize Grid tool.

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Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model

Allplan 2014

In your daily work, you often need to add points to an existing digital terrain model. First you will place the points using the Terrain Point tool and then you will integrate them into the model. Allplan will automatically optimize the digital terrain model.

Adding grid points to DTM 1 On the View menu, click screen again.

Grid on/off to display the grid on

2 Click Terrain Point (Repeat menu / Advanced Draft flyout). The context toolbar should look like this:

If you have just entered the terrain points, the parameters set are still correct. Otherwise, set the parameters as described in Task 1: placing terrain points (on page 51).

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Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

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3 Place the two points as shown below. The height of the points is important:

4 Press ESC to quit the

Terrain Point tool.

5 On the Repeat menu, click again.

Grid on/off to hide the grid

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Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model

Allplan 2014

The next step is to integrate these two points into the digital terrain model.

To add elements to the DTM 1 Click

Grid Point (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Select the two points you want to mesh with the DTM. 3 Click the DTM. The two points are added to and meshed with the DTM. Meshing is based on the principle of achieving a "minimum total of triangle sides". The following illustration shows the optimized grid; the dashed lines show the grid before the optimization:

4 Press ESC to quit the

Grid Point tool.

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Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

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A note on meshing elements at the height of the terrain You can also use the Mesh Element with DTM tool to add elements to the grid. The height of the points meshed is interpolated to the terrain. You can then optimize the DTM.

To mesh elements and optimize the DTM 1 Click Mesh Element with DTM (Digital Terrain Model flyout) and click the DTM. 2 Do not change the Polyline setting in the input options and select the two points you want to mesh with the DTM. Tip: You can use the Grid Point tool to modify the height of grid points later.

Allplan creates new grid lines. Please note that the interpolation to the height of the terrain produces new height values for the points.

Mesh, Optimize Grid (Repeat menu /Digital Terrain 3 Click Model flyout). 4 In the input options, click Optimize. 5 Select the two new grid points. Meshing is based on the principle of achieving a "minimum total of triangle sides". 6 Press ESC to quit the

Mesh, Optimize Grid tool.

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Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model

Allplan 2014

Task 3: entering a breakline The task that follows involves specifying a breakline in the terrain. You can use this tool to define terrain edges such as slopes, for example. Triangles with these mandatory grid lines are not optimized and calculated as breaklines.

To enter a breakline 1 Click

Breakline (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Click the DTM in which you want to create a breakline. Tip: Define the color used to display the breakline in the module's Options.

3 Click the first point of the breakline (see below). 4 Click the second point of the breakline (see below). 5 Press ESC twice to finish entering points and to quit the Breakline tool.

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Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

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Note: Two additional tools are provided for editing digital terrain models: Exterior Boundary: You can use this tool to create a new exterior boundary for the DTM. The exterior boundary defines the area of a DTM within which Allplan will perform calculations, apply labeling and update data automatically. Cutaway: You can use this tool to insert cutaways in a DTM. Contour lines, elevation points and labels are not displayed within these regions.

Task 4: drawing contour lines and labeling the DTM To draw contour lines 1 Click Contour line (Digital Terrain Model flyout) and select line color 7. 2 Click the DTM in which you want to create the contour lines. Tip: Contour lines can easily be deleted using the Delete incl. Contours and Elevation Points tool.

3 You are prompted for the minimum and maximum height. Press ENTER to confirm each time. This way, contour lines are created for the entire DTM. 4 Enter 0.5 for the difference in height. This defines the spacing between the contour lines. The contour lines are created; the following should now be displayed on your screen.

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Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model

Allplan 2014

Tip: You can use the Grid Point tool to modify the height of grid points later. The contour lines update automatically.

Next, you will label the contour lines. In detail, the points of intersection between contour lines and a contour gradient that you will enter are labeled. The location of the contour line labels and the Options. number of decimal places are defined in the module's

To label contour lines 1 Click Label Triangles, Contours, Points (Digital Terrain Model flyout) and select line color 7 again. 2 In the input options, click Cont (contour line). 3 Click the DTM. 4 Click the start point of the contour gradient (see below).

Geodesy

Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

5 Click the end point of the contour gradient (see below). Tip: The font size used to label the contour lines depends on the settings in .

The contour lines are labeled based on the settings made in the Options. Your drawing should now look like this:

6 Press ESC twice to finish entering the contour gradients and to quit Label Triangles, Contours, Points.

65

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Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model

Allplan 2014

Now you will label the grid points. The font size depends on the settings in Terrain Point.

To label grid points 1 Click Label Triangles, Contours, Points (Digital Terrain Model flyout). 2 In the input options, click Point. 3 Click the DTM. Tip: The font size used to label the grid points depends Terrain on the settings in Point.

4 Use the left mouse button to enclose all the points of the DTM in a selection rectangle. The drawing should now look like this:

5 Press ESC to quit the

Label Triangles, Contours, Points tool.

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Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

67

Task 5: changing the smoothing factor of contour lines As the value for the smoothing factor is set to Linear in the Digital terrain model area of the Terrain options, the contour lines are drawn linearly between the individual grid lines. If you want the contour lines to be displayed more exactly, you need to increase the Terrain options before you create the smoothing factor in the DTM. Alternatively, use the Modify DTM tool. Tip: The smoothing factor only affects contour lines, elevation points and interpolations, and not cut and fill, slope and surface calculations, etc. The higher the factor, the more time is required for large models.

To increase the smoothing factor and the number of decimal places for contour lines 1 Click

Modify DTM (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Click the DTM you want to modify. 3 On the context toolbar, click Factor and set the smoothing factor to 10. 4 Click Point and set the point label type to H + No (height + number). 5 Click Decim. and set the decimal places in contour line labels to 1.

6 Click OK to confirm the settings.

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Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model

Allplan 2014

The contour lines adapt accordingly. Your drawing should now look like this:

As you can see, the contour line labels also update automatically. 7 Press ESC to quit the

Modify DTM tool.

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Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

69

Exercise 4: raising a 3D element In the last exercise of this unit, you will create a simple 3D element (consisting of two boxes) and raise it to the height of the terrain. Before you do this, however, you need to assign the same group number to these two boxes to ensure correct results. Finally, you will check the position of the building in the terrain by creating a cutaway around the 3D element.

To create a 3D element 1 In the Tools palette, select the the 3D Modeling module. 2 On the Window menu, click

Bonus Tools family and open 3 Viewports.

3 Click Box (Tools palette, Create area), open the snap options and clear the Grid point check box.

Point

4 In plan view, specify the corner of the first box (see below). 5 Enter the following values: X coordinate: 6 Y coordinate: 4 Z coordinate: 3 6 In isometric view, define the start point of the second box (see below). 7 Enter the following values: X coordinate: 2 Y coordinate: 2 Z coordinate: 1

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Exercise 4: raising a 3D element

Allplan 2014

8 Press ESC to quit the Box tool. Your drawing should now look like this:

3D elements are always raised segment by segment; in other words, every individual segment is raised to the height given. The two boxes need to be combined into one entity group to ensure that their height settings are retained. Otherwise, the position of the two boxes relative to one another would change.

To assign the same group number to 3D elements Tip: The two boxes can be grouped automatically. To do this, click Assign Group Number on the Format menu before you create them.

1 Click

Modify Format Properties (Edit toolbar).

2 Click Match parameters at bottom left in the Modify Format Properties dialog box. 3 Click one of the two boxes.

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Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

71

The group number of the box clicked appears in the Group number line.

4 Clear all the check boxes in the dialog box with the exception of Group number and Line color, select line color 5 and click OK to confirm. 5 Click the two boxes in plan view. Now both boxes have the same group number. 6 Press ESC to quit

Modify Format Properties.

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Exercise 4: raising a 3D element

Allplan 2014

3D elements can be raised to the minimum, maximum or mean height. You can also enter a constant height. This exercise uses the mean height. To determine this value, Allplan calculates the height of the element in all its corners.

To raise 3D elements 1 In the Tools palette, select the Terrain family and open the Digital Terrain Model module. 2 Click

Raise 3D Elements (Tools palette, Change area).

3 Click the DTM. 4 Select the two boxes by clicking them with the middle and then left mouse button. This selects the entire group. Make sure that plan view is active when you click the two boxes. 5 In the input options, click Mean to raise the 3D element to a mean height. The following illustration shows the effects of the Min, Max and Mean options.

Min

Max

6 Press ESC twice to quit the

Mean

Raise 3D Elements tool.

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Unit 2: Digital Terrain Model module

73

Although you have raised the 3D element to the mean height of the terrain, it is still not possible to see how the height calculated by Allplan and the actual terrain heights behave in the building area. To achieve this, you will create a cutaway around the 3D element. Before you do this, however, you need to mesh the corners of the element with the DTM.

To mesh elements with the DTM 1 Click flyout).

Mesh Element with DTM (Digital Terrain Model

2 Click the DTM. 3 Click Polyline in the Input options. 4 Click the 3D element. Points are meshed with the DTM and interpolated to terrain height at the corners of the element. The DTM should now look like this in plan view:

5 Press ESC to quit

Mesh Element with DTM.

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Exercise 4: raising a 3D element

Allplan 2014

To create a cutaway around the 3D element 1 Click

Cutaway (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Click the DTM. 3 Click the four corners of the 3D element one after the other and press ESC to finish. To finish, click the first point again. The cutaway is created. In isometric view, you can see how the terrain behaves around the 3D element.

Building edge

Cutaway

You can see, for example, that the building corner at top left is above the height of the terrain. You can use Raise 3D Elements to lower it. 4 Press ESC to quit the 5 Set the view to

Cutaway tool.

1 Viewport (Window menu).

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Unit 3: road construction

75

Unit 3: road construction In this unit, you will define routes and roads using the Digital Terrain Model and Site Plan tools in the modules. In particular you will learn how to  Import data of points and composite elements as a file  Create a profile section from a DTM and activate this section  Adjust a road location line to a gradient  Create and use a torsion trace to determine the transverse slope of a route  Create a slope  Compute the fill in the terrain

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Overview of exercises

Allplan 2014

Overview of exercises Exercise 5: importing DTM files • Import data of points and composite elements into the user's data exchange directory • Import files to the current drawing file

Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section • Define a profile section along the road location line through the terrain • Place an extract

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Unit 3: road construction

77

Height Station

Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient • Draw a gradient in the extract • Adjust the height of the road location line to the gradient

Height Station

Exercise 8: torsion trace • Create a torsion trace • Adjust roadsides automatically to the transverse slope determined by the torsion trace

78

Overview of exercises

Exercise 9: slope • Create a slope

Exercise 10: computing cut and fill • To compute the fill

Allplan 2014

Geodesy

Unit 3: road construction

79

Data on the Internet You can download the data for the exercises in this guide from Allplan Connect, our service portal.

Downloading data You can download the training data from Allplan Connect, the international service portal for all Allplan users. Go to connect.allplan.com • Use your customer number and email address to register. Registration is free and not subject to any conditions. The whole process only takes a few minutes. • You can find the training data for this step-by-step guide in Allplan Connect in the Learn area - Documentation - Step by Step. • In addition to the training data, you can find the latest version of this document as a PDF file. • Download the training data from Allplan Connect, open the zipped file and copy all data to any folder (C:\data\allgeo, for example). Note: Serviceplus customers have access to a number of advanced step-by-step guides in Allplan Connect's Learn area. It usually takes one to two working days until you can access this restricted area and download these documents. Please note that this service is available to Serviceplus customers only. For general information on Serviceplus, go to http://www.nemetschek-allplan.de/serviceplus

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Exercise 5: importing DTM files

Allplan 2014

Exercise 5: importing DTM files You will create a realistic digital terrain model based on a finished point file. This way, you do not have to enter all points manually. In this section you will import the file and create a DTM by meshing the points. The entire process involves five steps: • In the Services application, import the files (for the DTM and the road location line) into the current project. • Import the point file into the current drawing file. • To mesh points to form a digital terrain model • Copy the DTM to another drawing file (for computing the cut and fill). • Import the road location line as a composite element (in the Site Plan module).

To import files into the data exchange folder 1 Switch to the Services application. 2 Click DXF/DWG, point to DTM files and choose Restore DTM files.

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Unit 3: road construction

81

3 A dialog box opens. Select the folder to which the files are to be imported.

4 As the point files are to be copied to a subfolder, select User exchange folder and click OK to confirm. The Browse for Folder dialog box opens where Allplan prompts you to specify the source of the data.

5 Select the folder with the data (e.g. C:\data\allgeo) and click OK to confirm. If you use this step-by-step guide as a PDF file on CD, insert the CD in the appropriate drive and then navigate to this drive: :\DATA\ALLGEO Click OK to confirm.

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Exercise 5: importing DTM files

Allplan 2014

6 The Multi-select dialog box appears.

Tip: To open the user exchange folder directly in Windows Explorer, select the Service menu, point to Windows Explorer and click My own CAD documents (USR).

7 Click allgeo.re1 and wegachse.re1 and click OK to confirm. The files are imported into ...\Nemetschek\Allplan\2014\Usr\Local\I_O.

The next step is to import the terrain model onto a separate drawing file. In advance you use Terrain Point to specify which parameters are to be assigned to the points (symbol, text, size, etc.) to be imported.

To import the point file into the current drawing file 1 Switch back to Allplan 2014. 2 Click Open on a Project-Specific Basis (Default toolbar), make drawing file 21 current and close all the others. 3 Set the reference scale in the border of the viewport to 1:1000. 4 To define the parameters for the points to be imported, click Terrain Point (Advanced Draft flyout).

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5 Set the following parameters on the context toolbar: • Click Text and switch off Additional text and Special text. By doing so, the points are not labeled when they are imported. • Click Symbol, select symbol 1 and set the symbol size to 1. • Enter the other parameters as shown below.
 You do not need to set Pnt No (point number) exactly as the points have already numbers (from the file). But the point number has to be enabled so that points created later are numbered.

6 Press ESC to quit the

Terrain Point tool.

7 To import the point file, click (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

Import, Export Point File

8 Set the following parameters on the context toolbar: F Type: Coor F (coordinate file) F Ext: re1 Imp/Ex: Import (import file) Set the other parameters as shown.

9 Click Apply to confirm the settings. The folder specified in the Save/load area on the Desktop environment page ( Options) is preset in the open dialog box.

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Exercise 5: importing DTM files

Allplan 2014

10 Set the path to the user exchange folder (...\Nemetschek\Allplan\2014\Usr\Local\I_O), select the allgeo.re1 file and click Open to confirm the dialog box. The file is imported to the current drawing file. 11 Press ESC to quit the Tip: To label points you have already imported: 1st step: create a coordinate file from the points you want to label (using the Import, Export Point File tool). 2nd step: delete the points on the drawing file or switch to a different drawing file (otherwise the points exist twice). 3rd step: select the desired Terrain Point). text (in 4th step: import the points again.

Import, Export Point File tool.

12 Click Zoom All at the bottom of the viewport to display all the points. Your drawing should now look like this:

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Unit 3: road construction

85

Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section In the following exercise, you will create the digital terrain model by meshing points to form triangles. Then you will copy the DTM to a different drawing file so that the original terrain is available for subsequent cut and fill calculations. Finally, you will import the file with the road location line.

To mesh points to form a digital terrain model 1 Click

Mesh, Optimize Grid (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Double-click with the right mouse button in the workspace to address all the points in the drawing file. Tip: If the grid lines are not displayed, check the settings in the Representation tool (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

3 Press ESC to quit the Mesh, Optimize Grid tool. The DTM should now look like this:

As the original terrain is required for subsequent cut and fill calculations, copy the imported model to another drawing file. 4 On the File menu, click Documents....

Copy, Move Elements between

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Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section

Allplan 2014

5 The Across documents dialog box opens. Select the Copy option and click OK to confirm.

6 Select drawing file 25 and click OK to confirm. 7 In the input options, click All or double-click with the right mouse button in the workspace to address all the elements in the drawing file. The Copy, Move Elements between Documents tool closes automatically. 8 To import the file with the road location line, click Export Point File (Advanced Draft flyout).

Import,

9 On the context toolbar, click F Type, select Composite element and click Apply to confirm the settings. 10 Double-click the wegachse.re1 file with the left mouse button in the open dialog box. The result should look like this (the illustration shows the road location line highlighted in blue):

Geodesy

Unit 3: road construction

Road location line

As 'Create composite element with fixed format properties' is selected in the Options and Color stands for pen is not selected in Show/Hide (Default toolbar), the composite element is displayed in different colors.

The next step is to define a profile section through the terrain. The imported road location line will serve as the bearer element. Based on this profile section, you will then generate an extract and draw the gradient.

To create a profile section 1 Click

Profile Section (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Click the DTM of which you want to create a profile section.

87

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Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section

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3 Set the following parameters on the context toolbar: • Grid: Yes • Stat S: 0 (automatic station difference, only possible when Grid is set to Yes or Spec) • P Type: Longit 4 Set the other parameters as shown:

5 Click the road location line to define the section line. Tip: If you have not clicked the road location line exactly, an orthogonal section line is created. Press ESC to quit the tool, click Undo (Standard toolbar), zoom in on the DTM and start again!

Profile Section tool. 6 Press ESC to quit the The road location line is stationed at the points where it intersects the grid lines.

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Now you will create an extract and place it below the DTM.

To place an extract 1 Click

Activate Profile Section (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Click the profile section. Note: If the warning Define Pattern Line first! appears when you click the profile section, select Pattern Line Settings (Format toolbar), choose any pattern line and click OK to confirm. 3 Set the following parameters on the Context toolbar:

Note: Make sure that the Aspect parameter is set to 1. 4 Place the extract below the DTM. 5 Press ESC to quit the Activate Profile Section tool. The extract should look like this:

Height Station

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Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section

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Reference height of horizon and reference scale of height The reference horizon's upper limit and the height's reference scale are mutually dependent. Allplan calculates the reference horizon based on the values you specify for the height level and the smallest height of the terrain. In this example, the profile is defined by 5.00 and 15.00 [mm] for the terrain above the profile box. With the height's reference scale set to 1:1000, these values result in a length of 20.00 m. The smallest height of the terrain is -13.068 m. The maximum height of the reference horizon is thus -13,068 – 20,00 = -33.068 m. When you enter 500 for the height's reference scale, the same values result in a length of 10.00 m and the maximum height of the reference horizon is -13.068 – 10.00 = -23.068 m. This value is displayed in the Input options when you select the horizon. When you change the height's reference scale to 1000, Allplan will automatically set the height of the reference horizon to the maximum value.

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Next, you will delete the profile section as it is no longer required.

To delete the profile using the DTM filter  The Digital Terrain Model module (Terrain family) is selected in the Tools palette. 1 Click Delete incl. Contours and Elevation Points (Tools palette, Change area). 2 To delete the profile section only, use a filter. On the Filter Assistant toolbar, click Filter by DTM Element Type (Filter by Element Type flyout):

3 Select Profile section and click OK to confirm. 4 Use the left mouse button to open a selection rectangle around the entire profile section.

5 Press ESC to quit the Points tool.

Delete incl. Contours and Elevation

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Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section

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Using several profiles in an extract You can also use several profiles (even from different DTMs) in an extract. Several identical profiles in an extract You can display the original status, planning, and spoil status of a terrain in an extract in order to measure the differences in area, for example. To do this, create a profile section for each DTM with an identical clipping line (for example, by using the same bearer element each time). Activate all the drawing files and select the relevant clipping lines. Example of a longitudinal profile with several horizons: Section: AAA Scale 1:100/50 Actual level Ref. height

Center of

Planned level

2

AAA

A=10.84 m

BBB

A=10.37 m

2

Station Height lines without skew

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Several different profiles in an extract What is important when creating the profile sections is the stationing of the individual profiles. For the profile section to be displayed without breaks, the end station of the first profile section must match the start station of the second profile section. Example: activating a transverse profile and a longitudinal profile The end station of the first (transverse) profile is 1.3 m. Consequently, the first station of the second (longitudinal) profile must also be 1.3. Therefore, the second element must be a composite element as a station origin can only be defined here. Axis Longit Station 1.3 m Tr. profile 1

Offset 1.3 m

Station 0+010.00 Scale 1:100/50

Axis Skew

Ref. height

Height

Summing up the horizons with sequential stations

Longit. Station Height lines with skew

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Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient

Allplan 2014

Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient You will enter the height gradient of the road as a spline in the extract placed. In practice, you will probably design the gradient Line and Fillet or more precisely and, for example, use import a file. To ensure that this step-by-step guide is clear and easy to understand, you will use a simple spline for the gradient.

To draw a gradient Tip: On the Format toolbar, select a different color for the spline so that it is clearly visible.

1 Click

Spline (Create menu - Draft module).

2 Leave the settings as they are and draw the spline in the extract. Note the sequence (points 1 to 5) in which you enter the spline (see below). To ensure that the length and the direction of the gradient coincide with the length and direction of the road line, click the left start point of the extract (1) to define the starting point of the spline and click the right end point of the extract (5) to define the end point of the spline.

Height Station

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3 Press ESC to finish creating the spline. 4 Press ESC to quit the Spline tool. The following should now be displayed on your screen: Spline as a gradient

Height Station

Now you will station the road location line. This way, you define the polygonization of the road, the points for exactly transferring the height from the gradient and the location of transverse profiles you will create later. Tip: If you have created or imported a gradient that has the wrong direction, change the direction of the composite element before you station it (with Lb Dir in Modify Composite Element).

To station the road location line 1 Click

Station Element (Site Plan flyout). Select point symbol and select

2 In the input options, click symbol 2. 3 Click the road location line.

4 Enter 10.0 for the station difference in the dialog line. The road location line is stationed. 5 Press ESC to quit the

Station Element tool.

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Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient

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In the next step, you will use Modify Terrain Point Height to adjust the road location line to the gradient. The stationing points will be raised or lowered to the height of the gradient.

To adjust the road location line to the gradient 1 Click

Modify Terrain Point Height (Site Plan flyout).

2 Click the road location line. The start point is indicated by a small direction arrow. 3 Click the gradient you have just drawn as a spline in the extract.

3

Height Station

This is the height of the first point

4 Enter -3.993 for the reference height (as specified in the extract). The road location line is adjusted to the height of the gradient at the stationing points. 5 Press ESC to quit the

Modify Terrain Point Height tool.

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Exercise 8: torsion trace The following exercise involves creating a torsion trace. You will then use this torsion trace to create the transverse slope of the road automatically.

To create a torsion trace Tip: The font size used to label the torsion trace depends on the settings of the text parameters in Modify Composite Element.

1 Select the 2 Click

Site Plan module in the Tools palette. Label (Tools palette, Create area).

3 In the Input options, click Tors (torsion trace). 4 Click the road location line. 5 Enter the value 1. This value defines how many units of length are used to display a torsion of 1%. 6 Enter the speed: 40. 7 Place the torsion trace below the extract. The torsion for the right roadside is displayed as a dashed line; the one for the left roadside as a continuous line.

A = Torsion for left roadside B = Torsion for right roadside 8 Press ESC to quit the

Label tool.

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Exercise 8: torsion trace

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Now, you will create the roadsides as parallel lines to the road location line at a distance of 3.5 m.

To create parallel lines 1 Click

Parallel Line Segments (Site Plan flyout).

2 Create the parallel lines at a distance of 3.5 m from the road location line. Your drawing should now look like this:

3 Press ESC to quit

Parallel Line Segments.

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Next, you will station the roadsides by dropping a perpendicular from the stationing points of the road location line to the roadsides. The transverse slope of the road is computed from the torsion trace created beforehand; Allplan automatically calculates the height values for the roadsides.

To station the roadsides 1 Click

Perpendicular through Station (Site Plan flyout).

2 Click the road location line. 3 Click the torsion trace (see below). 4 Click the torsion trace for the roadside on the left (which is represented by a continuous line).

5 Click the roadside on the left.

6 Repeat steps 2 to 5 for the other roadside. Click the torsion trace for the right roadside (which is represented by a dashed line). 7 Press ESC to quit the

Perpendicular through Station tool.

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Exercise 8: torsion trace

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8 We recommend working with 3 Viewports (zoom in on the drawing, hide grid points and triangular lines and select the Color stands for pen option) to look at the new points:

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Exercise 9: slope The following exercise shows how to create a slope.

To create a slope 1 Click

Slope (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

2 Click the DTM. 3 Click the roadside on the left (see below) to define the first element of the slope. Make sure that you do not click the element near a stationing point. 4 In the input options, click Polygonize entire element and click the start point of the left roadside, which is highlighted in red. 5 Click the roadside on the right (see below) to define the second element of the slope. 6 Click the end point of the right roadside, which is highlighted in red (see below).

This illustration does not show the grid lines and points so that you can see better.

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Tip: If you want to define different inclinations, enter the station to which the inclination is to apply in step 9, then define a new inclination, enter the station to which this inclination is to apply and so on.

Exercise 9: slope

Allplan 2014

7 Press ESC to finish entering the outline of the slope. The polyline closes automatically. 8 Enter the parameters for the slope: Incl: 1:x Cut: 1.000 Fill: 1.500

9 As you do not want to define several sloping regions with different angles, confirm the prompt displayed in the dialog line. The slope is created. Your drawing should now look like this:

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Exercise 10: computing the cut and fill In the following exercise, you will compute the fill by comparing the edited DTM (in the current drawing file) with the original DTM (in the drawing file in edit mode). Allplan calculates cut and fill according to REB 22.013. The result is a prism drawing, which is created automatically, and a report you can use to check the calculations. Finally you will label the prism drawing.

To compute the cut and fill 1 Open drawing file 25 with the original DTM in edit mode. 2 Click

Compute Cut and Fill (Digital Terrain Model flyout).

3 Set the parameters as shown below and click OK to confirm. Note: The fills representing the cut and fill in the drawing files ca nbe hidden using Show/Hide.

Tip: If the points clicked are part of both DTMs, the DTM in the drawing file open in edit mode automatically serves as the original DTM and the DTM in the current drawing file as the edited DTM.

4 Click the first DTM (which is to serve as the original DTM). 5 Select drawing file 23. Allplan will place the prism drawing for the original DTM in this file. 6 Click the second DTM. 7 Select drawing file 22. Allplan will place the prism drawing for the edited DTM in this file.

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Exercise 10: computing the cut and fill

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8 The Reports dialog box appears in which you can select predefined reports. If necessary, click Default on the left, select the Prism list.rdlc report and click Open.

Allplan starts to compute the cut and fill. The report is displayed in the Report dialog box on screen. To scroll, use the icons at the top right in the report.

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You can edit the report as follows: • You can print it. • You can place it in the current document. • You can save it in PDF, Excel or BCM format. • You can edit it using the Layout Designer. You can save changes as a new template in RDLC format. 9 Close the report. 10 Click Cancel to close the Reports dialog box. 11 Press ESC to quit the

Compute Cut and Fill tool.

12 To make the calculations clearer, open the corresponding drawing file (e.g. 22) and label the triangles (prisms) and points using Label Triangles, Contours, Points.

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Additional steps to edit the DTM

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Additional steps to edit the DTM To edit the digital terrain model, for presentation purposes, for example, you can convert it to a 3D element using the Convert DTM Elements to 3D tool. You can use tools provided in the •

3D Modeling

•

Animation

modules to enhance it graphically and optically.

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Unit 4: importing files In this unit, you will learn how to import files with coordinates in the national Gauss-Krüger coordinate system and in the global UTM coordinate system. To read in point files with country coordinates in a coordinate range favoring processing, you use an offset. At the same time you interchange the X and Y coordinates so that the file is displayed correctly on screen. An example is included in the data provided with this step-by-step guide. In particular you will learn how to  Make settings for user-defined ASCII-format files  Use an offset to import files with large point coordinates  Interchange the X and Y coordinates for the import  Please note that the offset set always applies to the entire project.

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Exercise 11: importing file using an offset

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Exercise 11: importing file using an offset Tip: If a point file with free ASCII format does not have the filename extension asc, you have to rename the file before you import it.

In this exercise you will import the file provided directly to the current drawing file. You will not use the Services application to copy it to the user folder beforehand. The file is a user-defined ASCII-format file. As this is not a standardized format, you need to find out first which data (X, Y, Z,...) is displayed in which column of the file. Import the file just to run a test and have the contents of the file displayed.

To import the file and check the format 1 Click Open on a Project-Specific Basis (Default toolbar), make drawing file 31 current and close all the others. 2 Set the reference scale to 1:1000. 3 Click

Import, Export Point File (Advanced Draft flyout).

4 Set the following parameters on the context toolbar: F Type: Coor F (coordinate file) F Ext: ".asc" (free ASCII format) Imp/Ex: Import (import file) Show: View Set the other parameters as shown.

5 Click Apply to confirm the settings. In the open dialog box, the file type is set to Point file (*.asc) and the path is still set to the user exchange folder (...\Nemetschek\Allplan\2014\Usr\Local\I_O), which you used in exercise 5.

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6 Select the folder with the data you imported in unit 3 (e.g. C:\data\allgeo), or, if you use this step-by-step guide as a PDF file on CD, select the appropriate drive, :\DATA\ALLGEO. 7 Select the offset.asc file and click Open to confirm the dialog box. The file is imported to the current drawing file. Tip: You can have the contents of the file also displayed in any ASCII editor (e.g. notepad).

8 As you have set the Show parameter to View, the contents of the file are displayed.

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Exercise 11: importing file using an offset

Allplan 2014

9 The column numbers are displayed in the title line. You can see that • the point number starts in column 12 and has eight digits. • the X value (in country coordinates; it is the Y value in Allplan 2014) begins in column 20 and has seven leading digits and three decimal places. • the Y value (in country coordinates; it is the X value in Allplan 2014) begins in column 32 and has seven leading digits and three decimal places. • the Z value begins in column 50 and has one leading digit and three decimal places (in this example, the Z value of all points is set to 0). • the code assignment begins in column 61 (in this example, the code of all points is set to 0). You will use this information to set this format on the Terrain page in the Options at a later stage. 10 Close the dialog box and click

Undo (Default toolbar).

The imported points are deleted.

You can define the format of the file to be imported in the Import/ export using point file area on the Terrain page of the Options In detail, you can specify the columns where the point number and the X, Y and Z coordinates start and set the number of leading digits and decimal places for the coordinates. As in the national coordinate system, the X axis points up and the Y axis to the right (in contrast to the mathematical coordinate system which is used in Allplan 2014), you need to interchange the X and Y axes.

To define the format of the file to be imported 1 Click

Options (Default toolbar).

The Terrain page is still open. If it isn’t, select it now. 2 In the Import/export using point file area, click the Configure button to the right of Point coordinates.

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3 Another dialog box opens in which you can define the format of the point file. Enter the values as shown below:

Bear in mind that the column numbers for the X and Y coordinates are interchanged. 4 Click OK to confirm the settings and to close the Options dialog box.

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Exercise 11: importing file using an offset

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To set an offset 1 On the Default toolbar, click New Project, Open Project, click the project name with the right mouse button and, on the shortcut menu, select Properties…. Tip: When data is imported, the offset values are subtracted; when data is exported, they are added. When you measure the coordinates of a point, the offset values are also taken into account.

2 In the Settings area, select the Offset coordinates check box and define the offset as shown below. It is best to enter the same offset values for all the points. By doing so, all the points are imported to the same quadrant. As the X and Y axes are interchanged, set the offset in X direction to 1510000.000 and in Y direction to 1300000.000.

3 Click OK to confirm the Project Settings dialog box and the New Project, Open Project dialog box.

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To import the file 1 To import the point file, click (Repeat menu).

Import, Export Point File

2 Set the parameters as shown:

3 Click Apply to confirm the settings. 4 Double-click the offset.asc file with the left mouse button in the open dialog box. The file is imported to the current drawing file. 5 Press ESC to quit the

Import, Export Point File tool.

6 In the lower border of the viewport, click display all the points. Your drawing should now look like this:

Zoom All to

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Exercise 11: importing file using an offset

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Tip: You can activate the Coordinate Tracking toolbar on the View menu under Toolbars.

7 To check whether the coordinates have been imported correctly, move the crosshairs to the points. The coordinates are displayed on the Coordinate Tracking toolbar. It is a good idea to clear the Offset coordinates check box in the Project Settings. As a result, the X coordinates range between approximately 1,000 and 2,900 and the Y coordinates between approximately 550 and 2,400. Make sure that you select the Offset coordinates check box again before you export the data.

Note: Take advantage of the Optimize working with large coordinates option in the General area on the Desktop environment Options. This option produces more detailed results page in the when you work with elements that are far from the global point (origin).

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Appendix This appendix includes an example showing you how to create a bridge construction based on a road you have already designed. Bridge and Civil Engineering You will use the 3D Modeling module to Component tool in the match the existing route and define the cross-sections at the relevant station points. Allplan 2014 will then create a 3D object from this data.

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Bridge construction A linear path and at least one cross-section must exist before you can create a 3D object. You can create or import this path, which is defined by individual stationing points, using the Bridge and Civil Engineering Component tool. The required cross-sections can also be defined in this tool or you can retrieve them from symbol catalogs. All cross-sections must have the same number of points. You do not need to enter a cross-section for each stationing point. Allplan automatically uses the existing stationing to determine the missing cross-sections by interpolation.

Bridge cross-section

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Designing the road

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Task 1: defining the path For the path, you will use the road you designed using the tools in the Site Plan module. The route profile is to have a constant slope of 2 % in the longitudinal direction. You can also use a gradient you have already defined.

To import the route 1 Click Open on a Project-Specific Basis (Default toolbar), make drawing file 40 current and close all the others. 2 Select New Project, Open Project (Default toolbar) and use the shortcut menu to open the Project Settings dialog box. 3 In the Settings area, clear the Offset coordinates check box and confirm the two dialog boxes. 4 In the Tools palette, select the the 3D Modeling module.

Bonus Tools family and open

5 Click Bridge and Civil Engineering Component (Tools palette, Create area). 6 Click

Import Route on the Route toolbar or File menu.

7 Click Browse, select the folder with the data you imported in unit 3 (e.g. C:\data\allgeo), or, if you use this step-by-step guide as a PDF file on CD, navigate to the appropriate drive :\DATA\ALLGEO and open the bruecke file. 8 The Create station points automatically option is active and the spacing between stations is set to 25 m. Do not change these settings. Specify where you want to insert the route in the tree structure and enter a name for it.

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The Import profile section of route option lets you import a gradient. However, you will not use it here. The bridge is to have a constant longitudinal slope of 2 %.

9 Click OK to import the route. Allplan imports four route sections and creates ten stations. 10 As the points are part of a defined route, you can only change the Z coordinate and the Rise angle. To check the data, select a station point and click Edit Station Point on the Station toolbar or Edit menu.

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To define the longitudinal slope by entering the rise angle 1 Click menu.

General Properties on the Default toolbar or Edit

2 Select the Route Profile tab and deactivate the Define route profile manually option. 3 Enter 900.413648 (top level of road surface) for the elevation spec in the current station point - Point1 - (current station point). 4 The constant longitudinal slope of 2 % results in an angle of 
 -1.145763 degrees. Enter this value for the Rise angle.

5 Click OK to define the longitudinal slope. 6 Select station point 10, click Edit Station Point and check the height: 897.513648 (top level of road surface). Now you cannot modify the Z coordinate and Rise angle anymore.

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If you do not know the slope or it is not constant, you can also define the longitudinal slope by specifying the height of individual station points. It may be necessary to add station points using New Station Point. In the section that follows you will define the longitudinal slope by specifying the elevation spec of Point10.

To define the longitudinal slope using elevation specifications 1 Click General Properties, enter 0.00 for the rise angle and click OK to confirm. 2 Click General Properties again, deactivate the Same rise for entire route option and click OK to confirm. 3 Select station point 10 and click the Route toolbar or Edit menu.

Edit Height Curvature on

4 Select the Height option and enter the value 897.513648 for the absolute height (top level of road surface). The rise angle specified beforehand is entered.

5 Click OK to define the longitudinal slope.

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Task 2: entering cross-sections In accordance with the road designed, you need to define different transverse slopes for the bridge cross-section. Start by defining the cross-section in the area of the spiral clothoid (station point 6). Enter a transverse slope of 5 % for this cross-section. You will then use it for the transition between the arc and the clothoid at pier 2 (station point 3). Next, you will modify the cross-section by adjusting it to the transverse slope of 0 %. For the transition between the clothoid and the arc at the north abutment (station point 9), you will use the option of matching dimensions you have already entered.

To define the bridge cross-section 1 Select station point 6 and click Define New Cross-Section on the Cross-Section toolbar or Edit menu. 2 Click Add Predefined Cross-Section Variant on the Cross-Section toolbar or Edit menu and select Box girder, type 1.

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As the cross-section is symmetrical, all you need to do is enter the values for the left-hand side and the slopes as shown below. Then you will apply these values to the cross-section's right-hand side. Tip: As an alternative to TAB and Shift-TAB, you can also use the ‘Page Up’ and ‘Page Down’ keys to toggle between the data entry boxes.

3 Click the top left measurement of the cantilever, enter values in the unit of length set and use the TAB key to switch to the next data entry box. 4 Click the measurement of the box girder's left side, enter values in the unit of length set and use the TAB key to switch to the next data entry box. 5 Click the icon on the left, keep the mouse button pressed down and drag the cursor to the icon on the right. Now you can release the mouse button again.

6 Click OK to define the cross-section.

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After having defined the bridge cross-section, you will now define the caps as separate cross-sections.

To create caps as additional cross-sections 1 Select cross-section point 11 in the tree structure and click Addition to Cross-Section on the Cross-Section toolbar or Edit menu. 2 Click menu.

Add Polygon on the Cross-Section toolbar or Edit

3 The coordinates of cross-section point 11 are used for the first point. Click OK to confirm the values.

4 Click in the graphics area above cross-section point 11. The coordinates of the point clicked are displayed.

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5 Select the Delta option and enter the following values: X = 0.00, Y = 0.15

6 Define the other four corners one after the other. To do this, click roughly where you want to place each corner and adjust the delta values in the dialog box: Point 3 Point 4 Point 5 Point 6

X = -3.25 X = 0.00 X = 0.35 X = 0.00

Y = 0.13 Y = -0.50 Y = 0.03 Y = 0.2625

Note: Point 6 is equivalent to point 1 of the bridge cross-section. 7 Right-click in the graphics area to finish entering the cross-section.

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8 Use the same approach to create the cap on the right. The reference point is point 9 of the bridge cross-section.

9 Click route.

Save and Exit to assign the cross-section to the entire

As you cannot use the entry dialog box to modify cross-sections calculated by Allplan, you will leave the cross-section as it is and use it for the transition between the arc and the clothoid at pier 2. Then you will modify the transverse slope of the cross-section in the area of the spiral clothoid.

To modify cross-sections 1 Select station point 3 and click Lock Current Cross-Section on the Cross-Section toolbar or Edit menu. 2 Select station point 6 again and click on the Station toolbar or Edit menu.

Define Reference Point

As the first point of the bridge cross-section is at top left, place the reference point there.

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3 Select the first option. Point 1 serves as the reference point. Leave this setting unchanged.

4 Click OK to define the reference point. 5 Click Edit Cross-Section on the Cross-Section toolbar or Edit menu. The cross-section definition is displayed. 6 Click Modify Cross-Section on the Cross-Section toolbar or Edit menu. The entry dialog box of the defined bridge cross-section is displayed. 7 Change the transverse slopes of the road to 0 % and click OK to confirm.

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As a result, the position of the cap on the right is too high and needs to be reduced by a value of 8.50 * 5 % = 0.425. 8 Select cross-section point 6 of cross-section 3 and click Modify Point on the Cross-Section toolbar or Edit menu.

9 Change the value of the Y coordinate to -0.0725. Tip: If these modifications lead to additional points or missing points, thus changing the shape of the area, stop modifying the cross-section without saving and start again at step 5.

10 Use the same approach to change the Y coordinates of the other points to the following values: Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 4 Point 5

Y = 0.00 Y = -0.2625 Y = -0.2925 Y = 0.2075 Y = 0.0775

Note: Make sure that you modify the points in the correct sequence. If these modifications produce interlaced areas, the number of points will change. 11 Click

Save and Exit to assign the modified cross-section.

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For defining the bridge cross-section at the transition between the clothoid and the arc at the north abutment, you will use the option of matching dimensions you have already entered.

To retrieve the bridge cross-section from the database 1 Select station point 9 and click Define New Cross-Section on the Cross-Section toolbar or Edit menu. 2 Click Add Predefined Cross-Section Variant on the Cross-Section toolbar or Edit menu and click OK to confirm the Selection of Cross-Section Variants dialog box. 3 Click Record Management at bottom left, choose Last entry and click OK to confirm.

4 Change the transverse slopes of the road to 5 % and click OK to confirm.

5 Create the two caps as additional cross-sections as described in "Task 2: entering cross-sections". Then click Save and Exit.

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Task 3: exporting data The entries you make in the Bridge and Civil Engineering Component tool can be written to an Excel file or transferred to Allplan 2014's 3D Modeling module. Based on the path and the cross-sections defined, Allplan 2014 creates a 3D object with all the information from the Bridge and Civil Engineering Component tool. The 3D object is attached to the crosshairs and can be placed in the workspace. You can re-import this 3D object into the Bridge and Civil Engineering Component tool and and modify it there without additional steps. Now you want to create the bridge construction in Allplan 2014. As the reference line for the route is the road location line, you need to modify the reference point again. In addition, you will reduce the spacing between the station points to optimize the model.

To modify the reference point and spacing between station points  First select a station point with a defined cross-section. 1 Click menu.

Define Reference Point on the Station toolbar or Edit

2 Select the first option if it isn't active and select point 10 as the reference point.

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3 Make sure that Applies to all station points is active and click OK to define the reference point. 4 Click menu.

General Properties on the Default toolbar or Edit

5 Select the Route tab and enter the value 10 m for Regular spacing between station points.

6 Click OK to create the new station points. 7 Enter a name for the route and Save it. This way, you can open the route in the Bridge and Civil Engineering Component tool at any time.

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Now you have entered all the information you need to create the 3D object. Finally, you will export the data to Allplan 2014.

To export the route and to create the 3D object 1 Click

Export Route on the Route toolbar or File menu.

Global point is active in the dialog line: In Allplan 2014, Global X coordinate = Global Y coordinate = Global Z coordinate = 0.000. 2 Press ENTER to confirm the settings. Note: To define the anchor point, open the Bridge and Civil Engineering Component tool, select General Properties and switch to the Define Anchor Point tab.

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3 Exit the Bridge and Civil Engineering Component tool. In Allplan 2014, click 2 + 1 Animation Window (Window menu). Now the bridge construction looks like this (elevation view as a hidden line image, display in animation modified):

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135

Index

Index 3 3D elements, raising - 69

A activating a profile section - 89 adding elements to DTM - 60 adding grid points - 58 adjusting road location line to gradient - 96 assigning point numbers - 55

B basic settings - 9 input options - 9 pen thickness and line type - 9 reference scale - 9 toolbars - 9 unit of length - 9 breakline - 62 bridge construction - 116 bridge/civil engineering component additional cross-sections - 124 defining bridge cross-section 122 defining the longitudinal slope using elevation specifications - 121 defining the longitudinal slope using the rise angle - 120 exporting route - 132 importing route - 118 matching a cross-section - 126 modifying a cross-section 126 modifying spacing between station points - 130 modifying the reference point - 130 retrieving bridge cross-section from database - 129

C

checking element data - 21 combining elements to produce a composite element - 20 composite element - 20, 33 computing cut and fill - 103 connecting by filleting - 42 contour lines - 63 decimal places - 67 labeling - 64 smoothing factor - 67 creating a DTM - 57, 85 creating a grid - 57, 85 creating a profile section - 87 creating individual elements - 15 cutaway - 62

D data exchange folder - 80 data on Internet - 79 decimal places for contour line labels - 67 defining labels - 23, 34 deleting a profile - 91 digital terrain model - 45 adding - 58 creating - 57, 85 drawing contour lines - 63 entering a breakline - 62 importing - 80 meshing elements - 60 modifying - 67 optimizing - 61 options - 49 representation - 49 direction of stationing - 27 displaying DTM elements - 49 drawing gradients - 94

E element parameters - 15 entity group - 70 examples of stationing - 28 exterior boundary - 62

136

Index

F filleting - 42

G grid - 51

I importing a DTM - 80 importing files - 82 importing files into data exchange folder - 80 input options - 9

L labeling defining - 23, 34 performing - 24 labeling contour lines - 64 linetype - 9 listing elements - 21 listing individual elements - 21

M meshing elements with DTM - 60 meshing, optimizing grid - 57, 85 modifying a DTM - 67 modifying terrain point height 96

O offset - 110 optimizing a DTM - 58, 61 options digital terrain model - 49 site plan - 14

P parallel lines - 22, 33, 98 pen thickness - 9 perpendicular through station 99 placing points - 51 placing points in a grid - 51 placing terrain points - 51 placing terrain points in a grid 51 point number primary point number - 55

Allplan 2014 secondary point number - 55 primary point number - 55 project creating - 6

R raising 3D elements - 69 reference point’s default station 27 reference scale - 9

S secondary point number - 55 site plan - 11 assigning point numbers - 55 composite element - 20 creating individual elements 15 options - 14 secondary point number - 55 slope - 101 smoothing factor - 67 sources of information training, coaching and project support - 5 speed - 97 spline - 94 station’s reference point - 27 stationing direction - 27 examples - 28 reference point - 27 reference point’s default station - 27 stationing roadsides - 99 stationing the location line - 25

T toolbars landscaping/urban planning 9 torsion trace - 97 track tracing - 10 transverse slop - 99

U unit - 9 unit of length - 9