All IHRDC Courses

Video Library for Exploration & Production Specialists Over 113 programs are now available in IHRDC's Video Library for E&P Specialists, a

Petroleum Geology Seven modules providing a complete introduction to the geological factors necessary for commercial accumulations of hydrocarbons. 

Fundamentals of Petroleum Geology Series

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Basic Skills of the Petroleum Geologist Series

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Wellsite Geology Series

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Wireline Well Logging Series

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Reservoir Series

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Structural Geology and Global Tectonics Series

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Geochemistry Series

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Special Geological Techniques

Fundamentals of Petroleum Geology Series Seven modules providing a complete introduction to the geological factors necessary for commercial accumulations of hydrocarbons.

GL101 Basic Concepts of Petroleum Geology Authors: R.C. Selley, and D.C. Morrill Videotape: 47 minutes Manual: 90 pages, 34 illustrations Available in Spanish

An overview of the fundamentals, introducing the primary geological factors controlling petroleum generation and accumulation. Presents source rocks, primary and secondary migration and sealing conditions. Provides perspective on varying geological histories, basin configurations and economic considerations.

GL102 Physical and Chemical Properties of Hydrocarbons Authors: R.C. Selley and D.C. Morrill Videotape: 50 minutes Manual: 62 Pages, 35 illustrations Available in Spanish

Introduces the physical and chemical properties of petroleum, and the terminology explorationists use to classify and describe them. Explains how these properties affect the behavior of petroleum-its migration, entrapment and availability to exploitation. Outlines specific production problems when unfavorable petroleum properties are present.

GL103 The Subsurface Environment Authors: R.C. Selley and D.C. Morrill Videotape: 53 minutes Manual: 136 pages, 33 illustrations Available in Spanish

Establishes the general conditions of subsurface environments. Presents the nature and behavior of subsurface waters, fluid pressures, geothermal factors and the fluid dynamics of sedimentary basins. Discusses how these factors can affect petroleum in the subsurface environment. A reminder that for acquiring subsurface data, a dry hole can be as valuable as a producer.

GL104 Generation and Migration of Hydrocarbons Authors: R.C. Selley and D.C. Morrill Videotape: 46 minutes Manual: 101 pages, 27 illustrations Available in Spanish

Traces the natural conditions leading to hydrocarbon generation and migration. Presents the effects of diagenesis and petrogenesis on organic matter. Discusses kerogen types, physical and chemical factors that affect the maturation level and geochemistry of petroleum, and the migration processes from petroleum source beds into the permeable carrier or reservoir rock.

GL105 The Reservoir Authors: R.C. Selley and D.C. Morrill

Videotape: 46 minutes Manual: 141 pages, 34 illustrations Available in Spanish

Outlines basic characteristics of reservoir lithologies and discusses identification, measurement and evaluation of reservoir conditions in rocks. Considers reservoir properties which determine overall quality: porosity, permeability, and their interrelationship; diagenetic effects and reservoir continuity. Stresses the different requirements for evaluation of clastic and carbonate reservoirs.

GL106 The Trap Authors: R.C. Selley and D.C. Morrill Videotape: 36 minutes Manual: 116 pages, 35 illustrations Available in Spanish

Petroleum generated from source rocks moves up through permeable strata and would be lost at the earth's surface if not "trapped" on its way up. Describes the characteristics of the principal trap types, how they appear on geologic sections and maps, and how they are analyzed in terms of geologic history. Examines constraints on production imposed by variations in trapping.

GL107 The Habitat of Hydrocarbons in Sedimentary Basins Authors: R.C. Selley and D.C. Morrill Videotape: 51 minutes Manual: 135 pages, 39 illustrations Available in Spanish

Provides the format for genetic classification of sedimentary basins, drawing together the principles of the previous six modules into the evaluation of the earth's plate tectonic framework. Explains identification and classification of sedimentary basins, their role in forming oil and gas, and the habitats of oil and gas within them.

Basic Skills of the Petroleum Geologist Series A skill-building series for the exploration geologist, demonstrating the use of fundamental information tools, subsurface mapping and the generation of new prospects.

GL201 Geologic Cross Sections Authors: C.S. Langstaff and D.C. Morrill Videotape: 45 minutes Manual: 108 pages, 41 illustrations Available in Spanish

Teaches the construction of the two principal types of cross sections--structural and stratigraphic-and their extensions into three-dimensional (fence) diagrams. Introduces computer generation of maps and sections.

GL202 Subsurface Mapping Authors: P.T. Fowler and D.C. Morrill Videotape: 57 minutes Manual: 71 pages, 36 illustrations An integrated approach to subsurface mapping, discussing downhole data, correlations between wells, and how to depict surfaces and three-dimensional units on contour maps. Presents surface maps and geophysical or remote sensing surveys as aids in delimiting important structural and stratigraphic relationships. Stresses proper correlation and use of borehole information.

GL203 Prospect Generation Authors: P.T. Fowler and J.R. Hepburn Videotape: 54 minutes Manual: 93 pages, 50 illustrations Available in Spanish

Teaches how prospects are generated, emphasizing recognition of previously undelineated anomalies, and that although each prospect is unique, the general patterns of prospect generation are roughly similar. Presents learning basic patterns by using the experience of others and reviewing past cases.

Wellsite Geology Series These four modules provide a practical overview of wellsite geology, from drilling and mud logging procedures to well completion and reservoir management techniques.

GL301 Basic Drilling and Well Completion Technology Author: K. R. Lang Videotape: 69 minutes Manual: 135 pages, 78 illustrations

Presents the integration of drilling and well completion technology in an overall development program, showing the equipment and procedures involved as operations are carried out. Focuses on the responsibilities of individuals and service companies at the drillsite.

GL302 Production Technology and Reservoir Management for the Geologist Authors: D.A.T. Donohue and K.R. Lang Videotape: 62 minutes Manual: 184 pages, 128 illustrations Describes the production technology and reservoir management techniques used to maximize production, emphasizing the interdependence between the two. Once production begins, the reservoir is only a part of a larger system, and understanding the relationships among all elements-the wellbore, tubing string, artificial lift equipment, surface control devices, separators, treaters, tanks and measuring devices--is crucial to economical and safe recovery.

GL303 Sample and Core Handling and Analysis Author: A. Whittaker Videotape: 50 minutes Manual: 114 pages, 43 illustrations Rock cuttings from drill bits can be the most reliable source of information available at a wellsite. Presents the procedures and responsibilities involved in wellsite evaluation of cuttings and cores. Emphasizes attention to quality control in the collection, preparation, and storage of cuttings and cores to ensure laboratory analysis accurately measures subsurface conditions.

GL304 Mud Logging Author: J.G. Bond Videotape: 54 minutes Manual: 174 pages, 83 illustrations Available in Spanish

Demonstrates the techniques of conventional mud logging during the preparation of a formation log and accompanying event reports. Presents the rate-of-penetration curve, lithology plot, total gas curve, gas composition curves and descriptive track. Also discusses the use of mud logging in overpressure recognition, hydrocarbon evaluation and non-hydrocarbon gas detection. Summarizes computer-based data acquisition and measurement-while-drilling techniques.

Wireline Well Logging Series The ability to use well log data is essential for all petroleum explorationists. This series covers the fundamentals of logging tools and techniques, and discusses using log data to quantitatively evaluate prospective formations.

GL401 Introduction to Well Logging Authors: R. Bateman and J.G. Bond Videotape: 50 minutes Manual: 323 pages, 164 illustrations Available in Spanish

Introduces the techniques of downhole formation evaluation, comparing wireline logging to other conventional downhole evaluation methods. Discusses wellsite logging equipment and procedures, logging tools and the scientific principles on which they are based, and the characteristics of the borehole and surrounding rocks. Demonstrates interpretation through common "quick-look" crossplots, overlay procedures, and computer analysis.

GL402 Well Logging Tools and Techniques Authors: R. Bateman and J.G. Bond Videotape: 55 minutes Manual: 227 pages, 135 illustrations Petrophysics, the study of rock-fluid systems, relates the physical parameters measured by well logging tools to actual reservoir porosity, permeability and fluid saturation. Presents the commonly used logging tools--SP, gamma ray, resistivity and porosity--and their characteristics and functions. Examines the interaction of rocks and fluids in both static and dynamic situations.

GL403 Formation Evaluation Using Well Logging Measurements Authors: R. Bateman and J.G. Bond Videotape: 45 minutes Manual: 178 pages, 83 illustrations Explains commonly used log analysis techniques and formulas. Demonstrates the use of logging tools to evaluate porosity, lithology and saturation. Presents computer applications, methods and models and combines the various tools and measurements in a concluding case study.

GL405 The Dipmeter Authors: J.A. Gilreath, J.W. Cox, and L.M. Grace Videotape: 39 minutes Manual: 297 pages, 130 illustrations Introduces the standard four-arm dipmeter tool, which measures resistivity, hole size and sonde orientation. Describes correlations between recorded traces and true dips of bed boundaries. Presents characteristic patterns from which structural dip, faulting, unconformities, bed geometry and depositional environment can be inferred. Also discusses the use of clustered microresistivity buttons to reveal bedding textures, vugs and fractures.

Reservoir Series While source, trap and seal are critical to any prospect, the proof is in the reservoir. Focusing on two common types--sandstones and carbonates--this series examines depositional models and how to recognize and evaluate subsurface reservoirs.

GL501 Concepts and Methods of Subsurface Facies Analysis Author: D.C. Morrill Videotape: 60 minutes Manual: 228 pages, 150 illustrations Reviews basic parameters in defining a facies--lithology, sedimentary structures, paleontology, geometry and associated environments. Discusses information sources, including cores, cuttings, well logs and seismic, and summarizes diagnostic features of major facies. Presents case studies on environmental diagnosis of productive sandstone and carbonate reservoirs.

GL502 Exploration for Nonmarine Sandstone Reservoirs Authors: S.L. Montgomery and R.C. Selley Videotape: 65 minutes Manual: 134 pages, 89 illustrations Presents basic concepts and techniques of exploration for nonmarine sandstone reservoirs. Applies common tools for examining nonmarine settings--such as rivers, desert dunes and lakes-- in terms of their genesis and recognition in the subsurface.

GL503 Exploration for Marginal Marine Sandstone Reservoirs Author: D.C. Morrill Videotape: 58 minutes Manual: 191 pages, 107 illustrations Examines coastal barrier islands, shallow-marine shoals, bars and deltas, presenting depositional and erosional conditions dominant during formation. Describes diagnosis and recognition through use of seismic, well-log, map and core data.

GL504 Exploration for Shelf and Deepwater Marine Sandstone Reservoirs Author: D.C. Morrill Videotape: 48 minutes Manual: 158 pages, 111 illustrations Describes characteristics of shelf and deepwater sand reservoirs, including elongate submarine fans, radial submarine fans and slope-apron systems. Presents detection methods including seismic, well-log, core analysis, paleontology and production studies.

GL505 Porosity Evolution of Sandstone Reservoirs Authors: D.A. McDonald and V. Schmidt Videotape: 53 minutes Manual: 149 pages, 90 illustrations Describes porosity evolution in all sandstone reservoirs, regardless of depositional environment, and reviews factors that control primary and secondary porosity. Evaluates tools and techniques used for description of sandstone porosity and porosity evolution. Illustrates applications of porosity evolution through case studies.

GL506 Exploration in Carbonate Rocks Author: P. Rose Videotape: 58 minutes Manual: 242 pages, 90 illustrations Available in Spanish

Introduces carbonates by examining formation and deposition, focusing on ramp and slope models and the depositional settings within them. Presents field examples of ancient and modern carbonate deposits and their reservoir characteristics.

GL507 Porosity Evolution in Carbonate Rocks Author: R.M. Lloyd Videotape: 55 minutes Manual: 112 pages, 59 illustrations Demonstrates the systematic evolution of carbonate porosity and describes classifications and conditions used for predicting porosity distribution. Discusses depositional and diagenetic models of carbonates. Field studies illustrate how to handle porosity parameters in production planning.

GL508 Evaporites and Their Importance for Petroleum Exploration Author: J. Warren Videotape: 40 minutes Manual: 230 pages, 99 illustrations Describes characteristics of evaporites and examines their relationship to hydrocarbon accumulations, including their role as source beds, reservoirs, traps and seals. Discusses evaporite mineralogy and diagenesis, as well as analysis and identification techniques. Field examples illustrate occurrences, evaluation and significance of evaporite structures

GL509 Sequence Stratigraphy Author: P.K. Trabant, Ph.D. Videotape: 40 minutes Manual: 110 pages, 46 illustrations Reviews a typical stratigraphic sequence, and examines each of its component systems tracts. Stresses the interplay between sea level and sediment supply and how this interplay affects depositional geometries. Presents a methodology for interpreting stratigraphic sequences, incorporating well, seismic and biostratigraphic data. Discusses current controversies and future trends.

Structural Geology and Global Tectonics Series By uniting plate tectonic theory with structural styles and hydrocarbon habitats, this series enables the geoscientist to tie the local geology of an exploration area to the "big picture."

GL601 Structural Geology Author: S.L. Montgomery Videotape: 57 minutes Manual: 274 pages, 193 illustrations Introduces structural geology and its application to exploration programs. Presents mechanics of deformation and use of outcrop and subsurface studies to diagnose tectonic forces. Emphasizes regional deformation and reviews plate tectonic schemes and effects.

GL602 Plate Tectonics and Development of Sedimentary Basins Author: J.C. Pratsch Videotape: 45 minutes Manual: 110 pages, 38 illustrations Presents the history and concepts of plate tectonic theory as applied to petroleum exploration. Examines tectonic processes involved in development of sedimentary basins, and describes tectonic influences on the exploration concerns of source, reservoir, trap, maturation and migration. Discusses current issues in plate tectonic theory.

GL603 Habitat of Petroleum in Divergent Margin and Rift Basins Author: J.C. Pratsch Videotape: 50 minutes Manual: 114 pages, 34 illustrations Applies tectonic concepts learned in GL601 and 602, focusing on petroleum habitats in divergent margin and rift basins. Discusses theories of rifting and its effect on sedimentation. Classifies rift basins and examines each type through present day examples.

GL604 Habitat of Petroleum in Convergent Margin Basins Author: J.C. Pratsch Videotape: 48 minutes Manual: 108 pages, 42 illustrations Places convergent margins in a plate tectonic setting and examines general characteristics. Relates petroleum habitats to theories of basin development. Classifies convergent margin basins and presents examples. Proposes a strategy for petroleum exploration in convergent margin basins.

Geochemistry Series

These two modules cover the origins of petroleum, tracing the maturation of organic matter and detailing how geochemistry can be applied to petroleum exploration.

GL701 Introduction to Exploration Geochemistry Author: J.G. Bond Videotape: 65 minutes Manual: 352 pages, 124 illustrations Focuses on characteristics and chemical makeup of petroleum, tracing maturation of organic matter to petroleum. Emphasizes development of kerogen and bitumen as transitional steps, and explains modification of intermediate materials during diagenesis, catagenesis, and metagenesis in response to increasing subsurface temperature. Presents examples of source-rock studies, crude-oil correlations and crude oil-source rock parings.

GL702 Application of Exploration Geochemistry to Petroleum Exploration Author: J.G. Bond Videotape: 60 minutes Manual: 321 pages, 115 illustrations Demonstrates uses and limitations of geochemical techniques and their importance in exploration and production. Presents appropriate sample selection and preparation, as well as analytical techniques used in laboratories. Reviews and integrates basic source rock and crude oil evaluation programs into more advanced basin study and modeling programs.

Special Geological Techniques GL802 Photogeology and Remote Sensing Author: F. Sabins Videotape: 33 minutes Manual: 228 pages, 125 illustrations Describes the physical principles of the major remote sensing techniques, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each during application. Discusses aerial photographs, Landsat images, SPOT images, and thermal infrared and radar techniques. Includes a glossary of remote sensing terms, and interpretation projects for each technique which relate remote surveys to other geological data.

GL804 Basin Analysis Author: E.S. Siraki and T. Cross Videotape: 43 minutes Manual: 210 pages, 125 illustrations A complete introduction to basin evolution and evaluation. Discusses basin formation processes, geodynamic models, source rocks, maturation, migration, and sedimentary basin models. Presents the impact of basin models on prospect generation, measurement of basin histories and properties, and the principles and application of various basin evaluation methods. Refers to case studies for analysis and summary.

GL805 Play Analysis Author: R.L. Dodge Videotape: 47 minutes Manual: 150 pages, 101 illustrations Examines the critical elements of play analysis and evaluation, including play controls for structural styles and depositional systems as well as the elements of reservoir, source, seal, trap maturation and migration, and economic considerations. Discusses the data requirements of play analysis and the planning and evolution of the play summary. Presents various examples and case studies from both frontier and developed basins.

Exploration Geophysics 

Exploration Geophysics Introductory Series

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Seismic Signals Series

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Seismic Field Techniques Series

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Seismic Processing Series

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Seismic Interpretation Series

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Other Geophysical Techniques

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3-D Techniques Series

Exploration Geophysics Introductory Series Nigel Anstey's highly acclaimed introduction to the foundations of seismic exploration focuses on how seismic data are used to meet the challenges of the exploration task.

GP101 The Exploration Task Author: N.A. Anstey Videotape: 55 minutes Manual: 61 pages, 14 illustrations Available in Spanish

Analyzes geological situations where petroleum accumulations are possible and discusses tools used to locate and evaluate those areas. Examines the divisions of an E&P company and the exploration decision-making process. Describes various cultural and political environments that affect exploration. Assumes no prior knowledge of geophysics.

GP102 The Seismic Method Author: N.A. Anstey Videotape: 45 minutes Manual: 97 pages, 23 illustrations Available in Spanish

Introduces reflection seismology, which accounts for 95% of the geophysical exploration effort. Examines the basic principles of the method and discusses field work, processing, and interpretation. Describes the effective use of seismic data, as well as the known pitfalls awaiting the geophysicist.

Seismic Signals Series The most comprehensive presentation of seismic data available, from how seismic signals propagate to what the recorded data tell us about the subsurface lithology and structure.

GP201 Wiggles: A Graphical Introduction to Signal Theory Author: N.A. Anstey Videotape: 1 hour 48 minutes Manual: 195 pages, 154 illustrations The foundation for the geophysics portion of the Video Library, imparting a broad understanding of the principles of signal theory. Extensive graphics introduce Fourier series, convolution and correlation.

GP202 The Seismic Pulse--Its Generation and Transmission Author: N.A. Anstey Videotape: 54 minutes Manual: 238 pages, 120 illustrations Examines the earth's response to a seismic source--a response affected by compression, divergence, absorption, and the generation and partitioning of other wave types. Explores the nature of the seismic input, its variations, and the interpretation risks that attend different sources.

GP203 The Reflection Process Author: N.A. Anstey Videotape: 61 minutes Manual: 256 pages, 118 illustrations Explores the causes of seismic reflection and the effects of the earth's layering. Presents the synthetic seismogram and the vertical seismic profile, and ties these images to the picture yielded by

the seismic section. Examines the effects of multiples and saturants, as well as the geological significance of seismic reflection.

GP204 The Geological Message in the Seismic Trace Author: N.A. Anstey Videotape: 55 minutes Manual: 159 pages, 150 illustrations Explores the relationship between geological and seismic properties. Uses seismic stratigraphy to describe the seismic reflection patterns of depositional environments, how to recognize source rocks, reservoir rocks and seals, and how to infer burial history, likely saturant and geologic age.

Seismic Field Techniques Series Acquiring quality data is the keystone of any seismic exploration program. This series details surveying and positioning, selecting proper survey parameters and field techniques that can improve data resolution.

GP301A Introduction to Field Work GP301B Land Work in Practice GP301C Marine Work in Practice Author: N.A. Anstey Videotape: (GP301A) 24 minutes, (GP301B) 23 minutes, (GP301C) 55 minutes Manual: 300 pages,102 illustrations (shared with A,B & C) Available in Spanish

GP301A--Introduces the field aspects of reflection seismology, examining seismic exploration in the field--on land, at sea, and in between. Describes elements of seismic operation--instruments, locations, people and steps taken by seismic crews to record high-quality data. GP301B--Details various tasks and environments peculiar to land-oriented field work. Emphasizes use of explosive sources and safety of operations. Stresses public relations due to direct impact of land work on land owners, lessees and political bodies. GP301C--Analyzes field work at sea and in the transition zone. Examines equipment, costs and special problems, hazards, requirements and advantages of field work in marine settings. Particular attention is paid to navigational systems.

GP302 Surveying and Mapping on Land Author: L.H. Spradley Videotape: 47 minutes Manual: 209 pages, 71 illustrations Describes tasks of seismic crew surveyor: laying out seismic lines and recording spatial coordinates of each source or receiver. Emphasizes precision, accuracy and appropriate tools. Examines electronic surveying and satellite-aided positioning, including Global Positioning System.

GP303 Positioning and Mapping at Sea Author: P.G. Sluiter Videotape: 56 minutes Manual: 243 pages, 86 illustrations Illustrates requirements and methods of navigation and positioning in marine seismic operations. Gives the land surveyor's nautical counterpart the necessary background to make required measurements, computations and compensations. Illustrates steering ship on a planned line, relating line to previous surveys, and ensuring that a drilling rig can return to optimal location.

GP304 Multiple Coverage Authors: E.S. Sodbinow and N.A. Anstey Videotape: 54 minutes Manual: 99 pages, 82 illustrations Available in Spanish

Focuses on multiple coverage method of obtaining field data, which is an efficient means of improving signal-to-noise ratio, and discusses use on land and at sea. Describes combination with common-midpoint stacking to further improve the ratio. Illustrates survey planning to maximize coverage, minimize noise and work around physical obstacles.

GP305 Array Design Authors: R.L. Geyer and N.A. Anstey Videotape: 52 minutes Manual: 236 pages, 127 illustrations Available in Spanish

Illustrates noise reduction in the field by using arrays to enhance signal-to-noise ratio. Harmonizes array design as a field problem with array design as a processing problem. Introduces an easy and effective approach to array design.

GP308 Vibroseis Author: N.A. Anstey Videotape: 46 minutes Manual: 172 pages, 44 illustrations Available in Spanish

Describes vibroseis--its use in the field and its processing requirements--as an attractive alternative to explosives in restricted areas, now used in over half of all land operations. Discusses the mechanics of vibrator technology and the concept of pulse compression to shape the sweep to an "impulsive" form.

GP309 Choosing the Field Variables Author: L.R. Denham Videotape: 39 minutes Manual: 133 pages, 12 illustrations Analyzes the exploration problem, the proper design of field programs, and the importance of the frequency variable. Demonstrates how other variables depend on frequency and on each other. Illustrates how to optimize field work.

GP310 Quality Control in the Field Author: L.R. Denham Videotape: 50 minutes Manual: 99 pages, 22 illustrations Discusses quality control of land and marine operations. Presents the four major considerations of field quality control: positioning, operations, record quality and reporting. Discusses crew safety and environmental concerns.

GP311 Improving the Resolution Author: N.A. Anstey Videotape: 55 minutes Manual: 214 pages, 137 illustrations Available in Spanish

The first comprehensive discussion of high-resolution techniques to appear in the literature, and the first presentation on the design of nonlinear sweeps. Discusses design of field program appropriate to a particular exploration objective. Presents some material new to trainees, as well as to established professionals and supervisors.

Seismic Processing Series With data processing now moving from the processing center to the workstation, these modules are essential tools for anyone who works with seismic data.

GP401 Basic Processing Authors: E.S. Sodbinow and N.A. Anstey Videotape: 50 minutes Manual: 65 pages, 46 illustrations Available in Spanish

This introduction to seismic data processing includes improving signal-to-noise ratio, inversion of data and migration of events. Describes steps in converting signals into an interpretable seismic section. Follows a standard processing flow and examines purpose and effect of steps.

GP402 Initial Processes Authors: E.S. Sodbinow and N.A. Anstey Videotape: 45 minutes Manual: 160 pages, 104 illustrations Describes the initial processes and examines processing flow, including signal conditioning, data reduction, trace labeling and data editing and gathering. Emphasizes the contribution of each processing step in solving the exploration problem.

GP403 Velocities Author: E.S. Sodbinow Videotape: 47 minutes Manual: 154 pages, 65 illustrations Reviews physical factors that influence seismic velocity. Concentrates on velocity measurements from reflection data, pre-processing, choice of analysis variables and interpretation of results.

GP404 Static Corrections Author: B.H. Russell Videotape: 42 minutes Manual: 90 pages, 120 illustrations Provides an overview of the basic concepts of statics analysis. Discusses methods used to calculate field and refraction static corrections, as well as residual statics. Also examines layer replacement techniques. Emphasizes the role of static corrections in both structural and stratigraphic interpretations.

GP405 Deconvolution Author: B.H. Russell Videotape: 55 minutes Manual: 170 pages, 162 illustrations Examines the assumptions used in deconvolution. Discusses deconvolution methods, and which methods work best for which data sets. Presents practical considerations and suggests a standard processing scheme. Includes a workstation demonstration of deconvolution in practice.

GP406 Stacking, Filtering and Display Author: E.S. Sodbinow Videotape: 48 minutes Manual: 125 pages, 64 illustrations Presents creation of the final stack and explains four alternative processes for stacking data. Discusses frequency filters in light of the geological prospect objective and regional geology. Reviews different methods of displaying final record sections.

GP409 Seismic Migration Author: E.S. Siraki Videotape: 45 minutes Manual: 160 pages, 130 illustrations The final module in the seismic processing series. Reviews the seismic reflection process. Examines the fundamentals of seismic migration and how structure and dip affect seismic data. Discusses both time and depth migration methods. Presents practical considerations such as migration before versus after stack, the importance of correct velocities and 3-D migration techniques.

Seismic Interpretation Series Seismic data interpretationfrom the fundamentals to advanced techniques emphasizing contouring, fault interpretation, and the tie between borehole and seismic data.

GP501 Basic Interpretation Authors: M.E. Badley and N.A. Anstey Videotape: 43 minutes Manual: 182 pages, 109 illustrations Available in Spanish

Introduces seismic data interpretation. Describes petroleum habitats, exploration economics and management decision criteria. Outlines specific geologic features recognizable on seismic sections. Teaches how to follow events along a section, as well as timing, picking and mapping them. Illustrates the use of seismic sections in interpreting geologic history.

GP502 Seismic Contouring Authors: M.E. Badley and N.A. Anstey Videotape: 62 minutes Manual: 201 pages, 97 illustrations Available in Spanish

Introduces contouring. Describes mapping subsurface horizons by picking and timing seismic events, finding counterparts across faults or intrusions, and correlating between lines. Emphasizes interpolation for geologically plausible results.

GP503 Fault Interpretation Authors: N.A. Anstey, E.S. Siraki and S.L. Montgomery Videotape: 50 minutes Manual: 241 pages, 244 illustrations Presents types of faulting along with the corresponding structural settings. Discusses the seismic expression of faults, in particular diffractions and fault plane reflections. Presents guidelines for fault interpretation, and discusses the impact of 3-D data and workstations.

GP504 Velocity Interpretation Authors: M.D. Carter and E.S. Siraki

Videotape: 47 minutes Manual: 141 pages, 64 illustrations Provides an overview of the rock properties that affect velocity data. Presents time-depth conversion methods, detailing the normalized interval velocity technique. Emphasizes the need for reliable maps when making exploration and drilling decisions.

P506 Hydrocarbon Indicators Authors: N.S. Neidell and E.S. Siraki Videotape: 48 minutes Manual: 168 pages, 135 illustrations Discusses the various hydrocarbon indicators, explaining the physical causes of the significant feature recognized on seismic. Presents approaches in acquisition, processing or interpretation which may upgrade an anomaly through validation as a hydrocarbon indicator. Examines in detail the preservation of seismic attributes, amplituderelated and other direct indicators, inversion techniques and the use of 3D data and workstations.

GP507 Stratigraphic Modeling Authors: E.S. Siraki Videotape: 40 minutes Manual: 110 pages, 60 illustrations Presents methods for extracting stratigraphic information from seismic data. Discusses acquisition concerns when the goal is stratigraphic analysis. Examines forward and inverse modeling, and AVO analysis. Presents case studies and the methods for determining the success or failure of the methods applied.

Other Geophysical Techniques GP601 Gravity and Magnetics Authors: D.J. Guion and A.T. Herring Examines the physical processes responsible for observed gravimetric or magnetic effects, relating them to specific geophysical or geological features. Explains instruments, proper field techniques and data processing methods. Using case studies, discusses interpretation of both surface and borehole gravity surveys as well as magnetic surveys.

GP605 Borehole Velocity Measurements and the Synthetic Seismogram Authors: N.A. Anstey and R.L. Geyer Videotape: 55 minutes Manual: 355 pages, 146 illustrations Presents in-situ velocity measurements. Integrates acoustic-log data with velocity survey data. Describes interpretation of first break arrival times and considerations in constructing a synthetic seismogram. Emphasizes correlation between the seismic section and the synthetic seismogram.

GP606 Vertical Seismic Profiling Authors: B.A. Hardage and R. Turpening Videotape: 45 minutes Manual: 145 pages, 106 illustrations Examines VSP sources and receivers, and presents guidelines for planning and executing VSP surveys. Discusses data acquisition, processing and interpretation, and methods for correlating VSP and seismic data. Provides examples of VSP exploration and applications.

3-D Techniques Series With 3-D data becoming the standard in seismic exploration, today's geophysicist must understand acquisition, processing and the displays and interpretation techniques unique to 3-D data.

GP701 Introduction to 3-D Seismic Techniques Author: N.A. Anstey Videotape: 51 minutes Manual: None Available in Spanish

Introduces 3-D seismic techniques used in exploration and reservoir delineation. Describes operations involved in 3-D surveys, including field work, processing and interpretation.

GP702 3-D Field Work and Processing Authors: W.R. Cotton Videotape: 50 minutes Manual: 132 pages, 66 illustrations (shared with GP704)

GP704 3-D Interpretation Authors: J.C. Pohlman Videotape: 54 minutes Manual: 132 pages, 66 illustrations (shared with GP702) Presents a comprehensive look at 3-D techniques, including acquisition, processing and interpretation. Presents history and development. Discusses acquisition methods and quality control for land and marine surveys. Addresses velocity analyses, trace binning, NMO and migration. Examines time slices, chair displays and other 3-D displays. Illustrates role and capabilities of the workstation in 3-D interpretation.

Petroleum Engineering 

Production Performance Series

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Production Equipment and Production Operations

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Drilling Engineering Series

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Well Completion and Stimulation Series

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Well Sampling and Testing Series

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Reservoir Engineering Series

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Natural Gas Engineering

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Investment Analysis and Reserves Valuation

Production Performance Series The complete coverage of production and fluid handling systems, well performance, artificial lift methods, and production decline calculation.

PE101 Introduction and General Principles Authors: D.A.T. Donohue and T.E.W. Nind Videotape: 36 minutes Manual: 84 pages, 37 illustrations Available in Spanish

Outlines the basic components of the producing system: reservoir, wellbore, and surface flow-control equipment. Explains the interrelated nature of these components from the perspective of the production engineer.

PE102 Inflow Performance Authors: D.A.T. Donohue and T.E.W. Nind Videotape: 44 minutes Manual: 92 pages, 49 illustrations Available in Spanish

Discusses inflow performance in more detail, presenting the basic methods for determining IPR curves from limited data. Mathematics and terminology are explained for each technique.

PE103 Vertical Lift Performance Authors: D.A.T. Donohue and T.E.W. Nind Videotape: 35 minutes Manual: 74 pages, 35 illustrations Available in Spanish

Elaborates on vertical lift performance, illustrating the flow regimes possible in vertical tubing strings as well as correlations for determining pressure losses. Integrates inflow performance and vertical lift performance for a flowing well.

PE104 Flowing Well Performance Authors: D.A.T. Donohue and T.E.W. Nind Videotape: 36 minutes Manual: 84 pages, 40 illustrations Available in Spanish

Integrates the concepts introduced in the previous three modules, presenting graphical techniques for integrating inflow and vertical lift performance with surface-control conditions.

PE105 Gas Lift Author: D.A.T. Donohue Videotape: 111 minutes Manual: 207 pages, 35 illustrations Available in Spanish

Introduces the fundamentals of gas lift as an artificial lift technique. Discusses variations in equipment design and installation, and covers basic gas lift design techniques.

PE106A Pumping Systems-- Rod Pumping Author: D.A.T. Donohue Videotape: 2 hours 30 min. Manual: 237 pages, 42 illustrations Available in Spanish

Presents the fundamentals of sucker-rod pumping as an artificial lift technique, discussing various surface and subsurface equipment designs and basic rod-string design techniques.

PE106B Pumping Systems-- Rodless Pumping Author: D.A.T. Donohue Videotape: 115 minutes Manual: 306 pages, 60 illustrations Presents the fundamentals of the major rodless pumping methods of artificial lift: hydraulic pumping and electrical submersible pumping. Discusses various surface and subsurface equipment designs and techniques.

PE107 Production Rate Decline Curves Author: D.A.T. Donohue Videotape: 87 minutes Manual: 129 pages, 25 illustrations Available in Spanish

Presents the basis for graphical production-rate-extrapolation techniques. Illustrates and explains the fundamental equations and smoothing procedures with examples.

Production Equipment and Production Operations Special topics in production, equipment and field operations.

PE121 Wellheads, Flow Control Equipment and Flowlines Author: G.L. Pruitt Videotape: 43 minutes Manual: 214 pages, 56 illustrations Reviews the types and features of casing and tubing housings, Christmas tree components and flowline valves, as well as flowline sizing, installations and operating procedures. Describes the basic design and operating requirements of typical production manifolds and presents a wide variety of equipment options.

PE122 Separation of Produced Fluids and Oil Treatment Author: K.E. Arnold Videotape: 61 minutes Manual: 107pages, 42 illustrations Describes the functions and components of vertical and horizontal separators and oil treating equipment. Illustrates design considerations, including sizing calculations, for both two-phase and three-phase flow.

PE151 Wireline Operations Author: J.B. Hall Videotape: 60 minutes Manual: 255 pages, 120 illustrations A comprehensive introduction to wireline operations. Describes each component of the basic surface equipment setup and the typical workstring of tools, along with commonly used subsurface completion and production control wireline equipment. Describes the running and pulling procedures for Baker, Camco and Otis equipment.

PE153 Oilfield Safety Author: Terry G. Rathwell, Kenneth C. Ogle Videotape: 55 minutes Manual: 142 pages, 35 illustrations Introduces principles and general procedures for managing emergencies, reporting and investigating accidents, and maintaining safety in day-to-day activities. Addresses hazards that are common to most oil and gas sites, emphasizing awareness, planning and training as keys to preventing accidents.

PE154 Cased Hole Logging Author: J. Smolen Videotape: 60 minutes Manual: 149 Pages, 71 illustrations

Introduces the logging techniques used in cased wells. Describes various types of radioactive tools for determining lithology and fluid saturation, acoustic devices for well integrity logging, and a range of flow monitoring logs. Highlights each tool's operating principles.

Drilling Engineering Series A complete introduction to well planning procedures, downhole drilling tools, and the design and monitoring of the mud system.

PE201 Planning a Drilling Program Authors: W.C. Goins, Jr., L.H. Flak and G.L. Ables Videotape: 50 minutes Manual: 204 pages, 15 illustrations Introduces the drilling procedure and provides a clear "blueprint" for the safe, efficient drilling of a well. Integrates the mud, casing, bit, cementing and safety programs. Presents an understanding of how a well proposal is initiated and justified economically.

PE203 The Drill String and Drill Bits Authors: Staff of Smith International, Inc. Videotape: 53 minutes Manual: 116 pages, 55 illustrations Introduces the tools that make up a typical drill string, including the kelly, the drill pipe, and the components of the bottomhole assembly. Describes design, selection, performance and evaluation of common drill bit types. Emphasizes the general application of various downhole tools and development of sound drilling practices.

PE204 Drilling Fluids and the Circulation System Authors: Staff of Baroid Corporation Videotape: 51 minutes Manual: 250 pages, 46 illustrations Introduces drilling fluid types and describes field monitoring of their properties, along with cleaning and circulation equipment employed at the wellsite. Emphasizes applications of drilling fluids and unique properties which make each fluid suitable to control specific subsurface environments. Incorporates field footage of equipment with laboratory footage showing mud components and testing procedures.

PE206 Directional and Horizontal Drilling Author: J. J. Azar Videotape: 46 minutes Manual: 99 pages, 54 illustrations Introduces basic principles of wellbore deviation and directional control. Describes features, applications, benefits and limitations of various directional and horizontal well profiles. Discusses tools, planning, survey techniques and operating practices, pointing out problems that are unique to horizontal and high-angle directional drilling.

PE207 Drilling Problems and Drilling Optimization Author: N. Adams and K. Ogle Videotape: 55 minutes Manual: 208 pages, 83 illustrations Describes occurrences, preventive measures and remedial actions for common downhole drilling problems. Addresses considerations involved in drilling abnormal pressures, working in sour gas environments and planning fishing operations. Discusses procedures for optimizing bit hydraulics, bit weight and rotary speed to attain minimum cost drilling. Emphasizes importance of the mud system in meeting well objectives.

Well Completion and Stimulation Series Authoritative treatments of the equipment, procedures and considerations involved in well completion and stimulation.

PE301 Well Completion Design and Practices Author: R.M. Pearson Videotape: 61 minutes Manual: 308 pages, 65 illustrations Introduces features used to categorize well completions, emphasizing the importance of correct tubing design and techniques. Presents downhole components common in producing wells. Outlines the major completion operations: cementing, logging, perforating, stimulation and sand control.

PE302 Cements and Cementing Practices Authors: W.K. Ott

Videotape: 61 minutes Manual: 223 pages, 57 illustrations Covers procedures and equipment used in primary and secondary cement jobs. Reviews the basic chemistry of various bulk cement and cement additives, as well as industry-standard mixing procedures. Describes surface and downhole equipment, precise placement techniques, quality control and safe work practices.

PE303 Perforating Author: D.A.T. Donohue, ed. Videotape: 40 minutes Manual: 134 pages, 60 illustrations Describes the operation of shaped charges, as well as basic categories of perforating guns and perforating methods. Reviews API testing procedures, methods of predicting and maximizing perforation productivity, equipment and operating procedures for wireline and tubing-conveyed techniques. Emphasizes job-planning, quality control and safety guidelines.

PE304 Acidizing and Other Chemical Treatments Author: W.K. Ott Videotape: 59 minutes Manual: 204 pages, 54 illustrations Introduces safe, cost-effective acid treatment design. Covers three basic treatments: acid washing, matrix acidizing and acid fracturing. Describes the costs and potential hazards of acidizing, and emphasizes proper justification and care in field procedures. Reviews fundamentals of acid chemistry and testing and field procedures.

PE305 Fracturing Author: D.L. Murphy Videotape: 58 minutes Manual: 190 pages, 56 illustrations Introduces three aspects of hydraulic fracture stimulation: theory, design, and execution. Reviews rock mechanics and fracture modeling. Discusses hydraulic fracture stimulation treatments, including determining fracture dimensions and selecting proppants and chemical additives. Presents case study of an actual fracturing job.

PE306 Sand Control Author: R.M. Pearson Videotape: 60 minutes Manual: 240 pages, 57 illustrations Covers sand control topics from rock mechanics to equipment. Emphasizes estimation and control methods. Presents gravel-pack design and placement procedures in detail, describing surface equipment used, as well as downhole screens and associated equipment.

PE307 Horizontal Wells: Completion and Evaluation Author: Michael Economides Videotape: 45 minutes Manual: 95 pages, 48 illustrations Introduces the deliverability equation for horizontal wells. Compares horizontal and vertical well performance. Identifies formation characteristics that favor horizontal wells, and discusses methods for their determination. Describes basic well configurations and completion designs. Looks at practical aspects of cementing, zonal isolation, casing design and sand control. Address guidelines for matrix acid treatments and hydraulic fracture stimulations.

Well Sampling and Testing Series Extensive presentations of the use of well tests, cores and fluid samples in determining reservoir potential.

PE401 Introduction to Well Testing and Measurement Techniques Author: D.A.T. Donohue Videotape: 57 minutes Manual: 101 pages, 54 illustrations Available in Spanish

Introduces the theory of pressure-transient analysis. Illustrates the measurement devices used to detect and record pressures during well testing. Presents fundamentals of well sampling and testing.

PE402 Gaswell Testing: Theory, Practice and Regulation Authors: D.A.T. Donohue and T. Ertekin

Videotape: 71 minutes Manual: 214 pages, 25 illustrations Available in Spanish

Presents the fundamental theory and mathematical basis for determining gaswell performance from well test data. Outlines field testing procedures and interpretation methods.

PE403 Oilwell Testing Author: D. LeBlanc Videotape: 36 minutes Manual: 232 pages, 42 illustrations Available in Spanish

Reviews the mathematical basis for different types of well tests and interpretation procedures for well test data, including buildup and drawdown tests, multiple rate tests, interference and pulse testing.

PE404 Drillstem Testing Author: D.A.T. Donohue Video Tape: 114 minutes Manual: 146 pages, 64 illustrations Introduces equipment and procedures for drillstem testing. Describes basic tool assemblies and operating procedures for fixed and floating rig testing. Illustrates qualitative and quantitative analysis of drillstem test data.

PE405 Core Analysis Author: D. Keelan Videotape: 67 minutes Manual: 186 pages, 55 illustrations Introduces the equipment and procedures used in core analysis. Outlines coring program objectives and design considerations, as well as steps taken to properly preserve representative reservoir samples. Illustrates both routine and special core analysis techniques.

PE406 Reservoir Fluids: Sampling and Analysis Authors: D.A.T. Donohue and K.R. Lang Videotape: 116 minutes Manual: 192 pages, 75 illustrations Reviews basic properties of hydrocarbon reservoir fluids and formation water. Illustrates phase behavior, PVT properties, and categorization of reservoir fluids. Describes equipment and procedures for laboratory analyses and fluid sampling including surface and subsurface techniques. Presents correlations used to estimate reservoir fluid behavior.

Reservoir Engineering Series This series provides a complete introduction to reservoir characterization, fluid drive mechanisms, reserve estimation, secondary recovery and reservoir simulation.

PE501 Reservoir Environments and Their Characterization Author: K.J. Harpole Videotape: 54 minutes Manual: 208 pages, 98 illustrations Introduces important depositional environments and processes. Explains the geological, geophysical and engineering information vital to reservoir characterization, and its use in reservoir management.

PE502 Reservoir Fluid Flow and Natural Drive Mechanisms Author: A.S. Odeh Videotape: 60 minutes Manual: 150 pages, 28 illustrations Introduces fluid flow and natural drive mechanisms. Describes basic reservoir engineering goals and the tools and resources employed by reservoir engineers. Describes the behavior of gas and gas condensate reservoirs, using the real gas equation of state and the P/Z versus cumulative production approaches. Discusses major drive mechanisms and the calculation of OIP using material balance equations.

PE503 Waterflooding, Gas Injection and Pressure Maintenance Author: G.W. Thomas Videotape: 45 minutes Manual: 112 pages, 27 illustrations Introduces the fundamental principles governing the displacement of oil by water in reservoir rocks, as well as techniques for predicting oil recovery by water and gas injection. Describes the important factors to consider in planning secondary recovery projects.

PE506 Miscible Processes Author: E.L. Claridge Videotape: 51 minutes Manual: 190 pages, 38 illustrations Introduces the physical and chemical processes governing the recovery of oil by miscible displacing agents. Contains extensive discussion of methods for estimating oil recovery. Describes the considerations involved in designing a miscible flood, and illustrates these considerations by reviewing a number of pilot tests and commercial projects.

PE507 Reservoir Simulation Author: T. Ertekin, M. Adewumi Videotape: 56 minutes Manual: 166 pages, 71 illustrations Introduces the concepts of reservoir modeling, and outlines the steps involved in a reservoir simulation study. Reviews rock properties, fluid properties and the mathematical description of fluid flow dynamics in porous media. Describes computer methods for setting up a numerical model and solving flow equations. Discusses practical applications of reservoir modeling, including the use of special purpose simulators.

PE508 Reserves Estimation Author: C. Cronquist Videotape: 50 minutes Manual: 312 pages, 20 illustrations Introduces reserves estimation and the industry definitions used to categorize reserves. Illustrates principal methods of calculation: analogy/statistical, volumetric, material balance and performance trend analogy. Presents special considerations for estimating reserves in fractured, geopressured, heavy oil, low permeability or partial water-drive gas reservoirs.

PE509 Evaluation of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Author: I. Ershaghi Videotape: 44 minutes Manual: 132 pages, 83 illustrations Discusses the origin and classification of natural fractures, and outlines methods for detecting and characterizing them. Discusses how the properties of fractured formations affect reservoir engineering considerations. Outlines general approaches to modeling fractured reservoirs, illustrating these approaches with several case studies.

PE510 Reservoir Management of Mature Fields Author: G. Thakur Videotape: 43 minutes Manual: 187 pages, 41 illustrations Introduces the concept of synergism in reservoir management, stressing an interdisciplinary approach as key to maximizing a field's potential. Outlines data requirements and methodology for evaluating a mature reservoir. Discusses applied reservoir management from the standpoint of increasing reserves and monitoring performance, with special emphasis on waterflooding and enhanced oil recovery projects.

Natural Gas Engineering PE601 Properties, Measurement and Sampling of Natural Gas Fluids Authors: L. P. Brown, K.C. Ogle Videotape: 52 minutes Manual: 95 pages, 53 illustrations Introduces basic concepts, instrumentation and terminology used in natural gas engineering. Reviews characteristics of natural gas fluid systems. Describes devices for measuring temperature, pressure, volume, flow rate, density and other properties, and discusses well selection, conditioning and sampling procedures. Outlines methods for measuring mass flow rates and determining mixedstream compositions.

Investment Analysis and Reserves Valuation PE702 Risk Analysis as Applied to Petroleum Investments Author: J. Murtha Videotape: 40 minutes Manual: 134 pages, 53 illustrations Introduces concepts of risk and uncertainty as they apply to the oil and gas industry. Describes risk analysis models, measures of profitability and other decision-making tools. Reviews principles of

probability distribution and introduces the Monte Carlo simulation model. Presents procedures for running simulation models using @RISK software. Discusses the role of competitive bidding in the petroleum industry.

Video Library for Operators Individual Module Descriptions 

Operations Fundamentals



Operations Safety



Production Systems



Oil Production Equipment



Natural Gas and NGL Measurement



Natural Gas Processing Equipment



Pumps



Instrumentation



Operations Specialties

Operations Fundamentals OP110 Basic Principles of Pressure and Temperature Videotape: 30 minutes Instructor Guide: 57 pages Student Manual: 39 pages Transparencies: 13 Available in Spanish and Russian

Introduces the concepts of pressure and temperature. Explains temperature scales and measurement techniques. Illustrates effects of pressure and temperature changes in liquids and gases, and defines vapor pressure, surface tension, evaporation, condensation and compressibility.

OP120 Principles of Lubrication Videotape: 30 minutes Instructor Guide: 62 pages Student Manual: 48 pages Transparencies: 4 Discusses the purpose of lubrication, the types of friction and specific lubricant characteristics. Illustrates circulating, force-fed and stationary lubricating systems, along with typical fittings and seals. Outlines inspection procedures along with fire and accident prevention methods.

Operations Safety OP210 Hydrogen Sulfide Principles Videotape: 32 minutes Instructor Guide: 45 pages Student Manual: 41 pages Transparencies: 5 Available in Spanish and Russian

Outlines the physical properties of hydrogen sulfide and its effects on humans. Explains exposure controls, monitors, respirators and safe operating practices, along with contingency plans and emergency procedures.

OP220 Safety Relief Valves and Rupture Discs Videotape: 32 minutes Instructor Guide: 58 pages Student Manual: 46 pages Transparencies: 9 Available in Spanish and Russian

Introduces pressure relief mechanisms. Describes pressure relief valves, including components, operation and installation procedures. Discusses and compares rupture discs and their construction and operation relative to relief valves.

OP230 Confined Space and Vessel Entry Videotape: 38 minutes Instructor Guide: 39 pages Student Manual: 68 pages Transparencies: 10 Available in Spanish and Russian

Highlights the hazards of confined space entry and presents a formal procedure for planning and carrying out cleaning and maintenance in such areas. Illustrates correct operating procedures and includes an appendix with sample checklists and permits.

OP240 Blinding Videotape: 28 minutes Instructor Guide: 44 pages Student Manual: 68 pages Transparencies: 15 Available in Spanish and Russian

Describes blinding principles, including types of blinds as well as equipment commonly mistaken for blinds. Describes preparations and procedures for installing and removing blinds.

OP260 Lockout/Tagout Videotape: 15 minutes Instructor Guide: 33 pages Student Manual: 33 pages Transparencies: 6 Available in Spanish and Russian

Describes the principles of lockout/tagout, focusing primarily on electrical systems and equipment. Demonstrates the proper procedures for lockout/tagout.

OP270 Fire and Safe Work Permit Videotape: 22 minutes Instructor Guide: 40 pages Student Manual: 58 pages Transparencies: 9 Available in Spanish and Russian

Explains criteria for establishing proper safety precautions when work in a "classified area" requires an open flame, welding, burning, grinding, blasting, opening energized electrical junction boxes or use of other spark-producing devices. Defines "in-service welding" and "hot tapping."

OP280 Excavating and Trenching Videotape: 22 minutes Instructor Guide: 36 pages Student Manual: 48 pages Transparencies: 8 Presents guidelines and requirements for excavating and trenching, including criteria for special precautions such as sloping, benching and shoring. Discusses respective responsibilities, a "competent person," different soil types and when a trench or excavation becomes a confined space.

Production Systems OP340 Beam Pumping Unit Principles Videotape: 24 minutes Instructor Guide: 49 pages Student Manual: 45 pages Transparencies: 13 Explains the primary function of the beam pump surface unit and details the functions of each component. Illustrates the general categories of beam pumping units. Highlights the prime mover and power transmission elements. Lists key lubrication points for the unit.

OP341 Sucker Rod Pumping Principles Videotape: 35 minutes Instructor Guide: 55 pages Student Manual: 48 pages Transparencies: 15 Describes sucker rods and sucker rod pumps. Explains factors affecting the life of this equipment and the warning signs of incorrect or inefficient operations.

Oil Production Equipment OP410 Production Separator Principles Videotape: 30 minutes Instructor Guide: 49 pages Student Manual: 37 pages Transparencies: 10 Available in Spanish and Russian

Presents the typical production separator. Illustrates the internal operation of vertical, horizontal, spherical, and multiphase separators. Describes liquid level controls and safety devices.

OP420 Emulsions and Vertical Heater Treater Principles Videotape: 30 minutes Instructor Guide: 49 pages Student Manual: 47 pages Transparencies: 9 Discusses the cause and treatment of emulsions. Illustrates the components of the vertical heater treater. Discusses operations specifications and troubleshooting techniques.

OP430 LACT Unit Principles Videotape: 35 minutes Instructor Guide: 53 pages Student Manual: 51 pages Transparencies: 12 Available in Spanish and Russian

Explains the function and components of a typical lease automatic custody transfer (LACT) unit. Demonstrates operations, including measuring, sampling, and monitoring functions. Also explains meter proving and routine maintenance.

OP431 LACT Unit Operations Videotape: 55 minutes Instructor Guide: 41 pages Student Manual: 80 pages Transparencies: 10 Available in Spanish and Russian

LACT Unit Operations presents the operation and actions necessary to keep a LACT unit measuring accurately. It reviews LACT unit components, details periodic operations checks and records, and suggests ways to troubleshoot a malfunctioning unit. It requires the completion of OP430 LACT Unit Principles

OP432 LACT Unit Witnessing Videotape: 35 minutes Instructor Guide: 44 pages Student Manual: 51 pages Transparencies: 11 Describes equipment, procedures and reporting requirements for LACT meter proving. Emphasis is on the role of the company representative responsible for witnessing proving operations and maintaining meter accuracy.

OP440 Lease Tank Gauging and Testing Videotape: 25 minutes Instructor Guide: 43 pages Student Manual: 41 pages Transparencies: 9 Emphasizes accurate oil measurements for revenue accounting. Describes the components of a typical tank battery and the equipment used in "working" a tank. Demonstrates the correct technique for gauging a tank and measuring oil temperature, gravity and BS&W content.

OP450 Emulsions and Horizontal Heater Treater Principles Videotape: 30 minutes Instructor Guide: 49 pages Student Manual: 51 pages Transparencies: 9 Explains the emulsion forming characteristics of oil and water. Discusses conventional treating methods such as settling time, heat, chemicals and electricity. Describes operation and components of the typical horizontal heater treater.

OP470 Vapor Recovery Unit Principles Videotape: 20 minutes Instructor Guide: 41 pages Student Manual: 32 pages Transparencies: 7 Available in Spanish and Russian

Introduces petroleum liquid storage and the release of hydrocarbon vapors. Describes the vapor recovery unit as a means of reclaiming lost hydrocarbons, and identifies each component of a typical unit. Illustrates operation of the unit in the field.

OP480 Emulsions and Electrostatic Treater Principles Videotape: 26 minutes Instructor Guide: 49 pages Student Manual: 53 pages Transparencies: 9 Available in Spanish and Russian

Explains the emulsion forming characteristics of produced oil and water. Describes the external and internal components of the typical electrostatic treater. Explains treater operation.

Natural Gas and NGL Measurement OP510 Orifice Meter Station Fundamentals Videotape: 35 minutes Instructor Guide: 65 pages Student Manual: 52 pages Transparencies: 8 Available in Spanish and Russian

Emphasizes the importance of accurate gas volume measurement. Outlines the principles of gas flow and the basic elements of the orifice meter station. Demonstrates correct procedure for changing an orifice meter chart. Presents examples of field gas volume calculations.

OP520 Orifice Meter Station Operations/Maintenance I Videotape: 32 minutes Instructor Guide: 41 pages Student Manual: 35 pages Transparencies: 10 Available in Spanish and Russian

Details the differences between pipe taps and flange taps. Describes the operation and maintenance of the orifice plate, orifice fitting, orifice meter recorder, manifold and associated piping.

OP530 NGL Measurement I Videotape: 20 minutes Instructor Guide: 41 pages Student Manual: 32 pages Transparencies: 10 Describes natural gas liquids and the principal elements of a metering station. Introduces and compares volume and mass measurement and sampling techniques. Discusses the importance of solids removal, single phase flow, pulsation dampening and turbulence reduction.

OP540 NGL Measurement II Videotape: 30 minutes Instructor Guide: 39 pages Student Manual: 40 pages Transparencies: 12 Describes the basic methods for measurement: orifice meters, turbine meters, positive displacement meters and density meters. Demonstrates the procedure for witnessing an orifice meter test in the field. Illustrates meter proving and calibration.

OP550 Natural Gas and NGL Sampling Videotape: 20 minutes Instructor Guide: 47 pages Student Manual: 56 pages Transparencies: 10 Introduces equipment and procedures involved in gas and NGL sampling. Illustrates sample cylinders, sampling points, sampling methods, and safety considerations at field locations. Emphasizes the importance of correct sampling techniques and safety precautions.

OP560 Electronic Flow Measurement Videotape: 22 minutes Instructor Guide: 48 pages Student Manual: 41 pages Transparencies: 7 Introduces the components and basic operating principles of Electronic Flow Computers, discusses their benefits and limitations, and describes fundamentals of data entry and collection.

Natural Gas Processing Equipment OP610 Principles of Gas Processing Videotape: 24 minutes Instructor Guide: 37 pages Student Manual: 36 pages Transparencies: 7 Introduces gas processing. Outlines common contaminants, methods of contaminant removal, and methods of removal of natural gas liquids. Includes discussion of fractionation.

OP620 Principles of Glycol Dehydration Videotape: 15 minutes Instructor Guide: 47 pages Student Manual: 28 pages Transparencies: 7 Outlines the equipment and processes involved in glycol dehydration of natural gas streams. Describes all component of the typical dehydration system and how they work together in removing water from natural gas.

OP621 Glycol Dehydration Unit Operation Videotape: 45 minutes Instructor Guide: 44 pages Student Manual: 64 pages Transparencies: 13 Available in Spanish and Russian

Details the operation of the unit and its control instrumentation . Explains procedures and tests for maintaining the liquid glycol and reducing losses. Includes checklists for troubleshooting, startup and shutdown.

OP640 Principles of Amine Sweetening Videotape: 20 minutes Instructor Guide: 43 pages Student Manual: 31 pages Transparencies: 12 Describes the problems caused by acid gases in natural gas and the chemical processes used to remove them. Outlines the process flow of a typical amine sweetening unit and highlights the function of its components. Illustrates the internal workings of the closed vessels (contractor column, flash tank, heat exchanger, stripper column and rebailer).

OP641 Amine Sweetening Unit Operation Videotape: 52 minutes Instructor Guide: 41 pages Student Manual: 71 pages Transparencies: 12 Describes types of amine, the amine sweetening process and process variables. Details sweetening unit controls and operation. Discusses amine conditioning and reduction of amine losses.

OP650 Reciprocating Compressor Principles Videotape: 25 minutes Instructor Guide: 59 pages Student Manual: 32 pages Transparencies: 10 Available in Spanish and Russian

Introduces the concept of gas compression and the operation of a reciprocating piston. Describes the components of the compression unit and various classifications of drive units on a typical reciprocating compressor. Introduces auxiliary cooling and lubrication systems.

OP651 Reciprocating Compressor Operation Videotape: 42 minutes Instructor Guide: 45 pages Student Manual: 104 pages Transparencies: 11 Available in Spanish and Russian

Details operation of a reciprocating compressor. Discusses key controls, loading and unloading of the compressor, and common troubleshooting techniques.

OP660 Centrifugal Compressor Principles Videotape: 42 minutes Instructor Guide: 54 pages Student Manual: 31 pages Transparencies: 16 Describes the primary components of single and multistage centrifugal compressors and explains their fundamental operating principles. Details compressor components: casing, rotors, seals, bearings, lubricating system and cooling system. Illustrates various drivers and coupling methods. Introduces compressor capacity, surge control and safety sensors.

OP670 Cryogenic Process Principles Videotape: 50 minutes Instructor Guide: 51 pages Student Manual 57 pages Transparencies: 15 Presents the concepts and principles of cryogenics as used in gas processing. Includes the components of a typical cryogenic plant. Describes flow of the process gas and liquid streams.

Pumps OP710 Centrifugal Pump Principles Videotape: 35 minutes Instructor Guide: 59 pages Student Manual 43 pages Transparencies: 9 Available in Spanish and Russian

Illustrates the external and internal components of centrifugal pumps and their functions. Describes each of the six major centrifugal pump classification features.

OP720 Positive Displacement Pump Principles Videotape: 25 minutes Instructor Guide: 51 pages Student Manual: 36 pages Transparencies: 10 Available in Spanish and Russian

Outlines positive displacement pump operating principles. Illustrates the principles of reciprocating pumps such as the piston, plunger and diaphragm pumps. Explains rotary pump principles using examples of gear, lobe and screw pumps. Illustrates the internal workings of each operating pump.

Instrumentation OP810 Principles of Instrumentation and Process Control I Videotape: 48 minutes Instructor Guide: 53 pages Student Manual: 53 pages Transparencies: 10 Available in Spanish and Russian

Introduces process control and the associated instrumentation used in oil and gas production and processing. Explains feedback and feedforward control systems, along with the workings of typical instruments used to measure petroleum temperature, pressure, level and flow.

Operations Specialties OP911 Offshore Crane Operation I Videotape: 30 minutes Instructor Guide: 35 pages Student Manual: 60 pages Transparencies: 11 Introduces both hydraulic and mechanical crane components, controls and power flows. Illustrates fundamental crane operation principles. Emphasizes safe offshore crane operation.

OP912 Offshore Crane Operation II Videotape: 30 minutes Instructor Guide: 37 pages Student Manual: 48 pages Transparencies: 8 Continues discussion of offshore crane operation, covering inspection and maintenance of offshore cranes and wire rope. Illustrates safe rigging and lifting procedures. Modules I and II together provide comprehensive instruction in safe crane operation.

OP960 Heat Exchanger Principles Videotape: 21 minutes Instructor Guide: 41 pages Student Manual: 29 pages Transparencies: 8 Introduces the concept of heat transfer between fluids. Describes and explains basic heat transfer equipment (coolers, heaters, condensers, vaporizers, etc.) and primary exchanger configurations (double pipe, plate, shell and tube, aerial). Illustrates internal functions and field applications.

OP980 Environmental Compliance Fundamentals Videotape: 35 minutes Instructor Guide: 49 pages Student Manual: 45 pages Transparencies: 7 Provides a basic overview of the philosophy and structure of environmental protection policies. Presents definitions of types of regulations, along with the materials and sites involved. Illustrates compliance with regulations during routine operations