Alice Von Hildebrand - O Privilégio de Ser Mulher

 

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lu bsg65 sbvbrfs mrbs< Vub` bshiabrcf tbr bgnýs pr sbfgfs - qucï murfgt fgtbb f obst obstfè fè Vub` qucïæ æ pr pr bsb bsbss  mur bsiabrcf mfr å iuz b mr fgczfgtb Lrf, qufgm  Fgtcl ]bstfbgtl prbtbgmb ciustrfr ærmufs trckuifòbs bib glrfibgtb rblrrb fl bxbpi mb u`f uiabr b` 8

trffial mb pfrtl. s albgs qubrb qub fs `uiabrbs bxstf `fs bibs gèl qubrb` qu brb` sbr uiabrbs Xc`gb mb Kbfuvlcr bsrbvb qub "ls albgs sèl sbrbs aufgls4 fs `uiabrbs sèl fpbgfs jîbfs. 2 Bf frf qub fs `uabrbs gèl plmb` trfgsbg mbr b qub gèl "prlmuzb gfmf: Fs uabrbs sèl "`brls lnbtls qub bcstb f  mb sftsjfzbr ls mbsbnls ml sbxl fsugl. Xbugml bf fs uiabrbs bstèl "bgfstcfmfs l sbu prøprl sbl? Bfs mbtbstf` sbr uabrbs B cssl ã l qub O D. Habstbrtlg tgaf b` `bgtb qufgml bsrbvbu qub uf jbcgcstf ã fiuã` qub "tb` fvbrsèl s prgc pfs frftbràstfs bcgcgfs 1 Hl`l rbsutfml f pfutf mfs jbgcstfs b`lrf `puisclgfmf pbl øml fls a bgs vcsf f vcrczfr fs `uabrbs pfrf qub plssf fgafr l lgtrlb slrb sbus sbus lrpls lrpls slrb slrb sbus mbstcgls mbstcgls R`f vbz brtfmfs mfs ffrrfs løcfs fs uabrbs sbrcf f pfzbs mb mbsbgvlivbr sbus tfbgtls qub plr sãuls jlrf` rbprmls pbils tfus slfs Mb flrml l Xc`lgb mb Kbfuvl f bsfssbz mb rbfzfbs jb`ggfs plmb sbr b pcfmf "pbf bmlrmfmb brf mb suf stufèl    3 Fs iàmbrbs jbcgstfs bglrfnf` sufs mcsàpufs f sb tlrgfrb bstrfs mb sbus mbst mbstgls gls fl gvãs mb sb sunbctf su nbctf rb f uf mlsscgrfscf mf gftu turbzf rbzf Bifs prbsfrf =

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Bhil ?, ;?4 Cs ;:, ? Obg 8, :. Xc`lgb mb Kbfuvcr, ]ab Xbhlgm bx. Glvf Sd> Fjbm Dglpj 3 p =5 Ckcm.,  2 Ckm.,  =2: Ckcm.,  21 O D Habstbtlg, L qub aæ mb brfm h`  `ugm. Bbsfb 5   6=8 Mb Kbfv lp. ht., . 52

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vî`bctl sgml hlgscmbrfmfs "cgjbrclrs fsmbstcgl a`gs BcUrf mf gfturbzf> "f fgftl`cf ã u` prbh fmvlofr suf hfusf fs fhfmî`chfs j`cgcstfs jlrf`  hcbgtbs l mbsbgtbrrfr hlcsfs tlrpbs qub ls al`s mcs sbrf` lu bshrvbrf` slkrb fs `urs Mb jftl gè s plm gbofr qu `uctls l`gs jf`lsls jffrf` m `f gbcrf mprhcftcf ms `uars Frcstøtbbs plr bxb` rbjrs å jî` hl`l "`h "`hls ls mhcgts mhcgts pl rbjrs G Fgtc ] tf a urss mhrïòs slkrb fs `ua `uar r    m sr csln cslncrs crs Fou` Fou`fs fs `r r c  V r `mm `fs l f `f  mm m    '  6 ' r rc rr h` u` bèl b u mr   rr    s prvrsf "L p hm t     uar  plr hfusf mf tm  rr    R spsf prvrsf ã pfrf m cs u  ru4 urr urr plssuc plssucff ã hl`l fofrrfr u` shrpc  "Ã  `uar qu trfz f vbrolgaf b f cogl`àc  "Fhc u` l`` bgtrb `c `fs bgtrb fs `ubrs gl hltrc bau bau`f `f "@balr f `fmfmb ml al`` ml qub f klgmfmb klgmfmb mf `uabr `uabr 6;

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O. D. Habstbrtlg, hctfml b` _l`fg fgm tab Uacilslpabrs, ]ab Habstblg [bvcbwQI 6 jbvbrbcrl mb 312 Xfsdfthabwfg Hfgfmæp ;5 Xco`ugm Jrbumhctfml Jrbumhctfml b` Kbfvlc lp. hct., p =: Fcstøtbibs F obfïèl mls fgc`fcs CZ-;.?::88 Bhil ;2 63 Bhil ;2 ;8 Bhil ;288. Bhil ;: 65. Bhil =; 6=. Bhil Bh il ?;1 Bhl =; 6=

68

 

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bspcrctuls l, bi bspcrctulsl, bibb mbsfjlof f rbpuogëghcf qu tcgaf p if `èb. Xbu bgsfcl slkrb fs `uiabrbs ã u`f ilgof ictfgcf mb ftrckutl ftrc kutlss gboftcvls. B bi bibb gèl g èl fpbgfs fp bgfs mbprbhcf l cgtbibhtl mf `uiabr hl`l habof f lplr-sb f qub f `uiabrb bnf` haf`fmfs mb sbxl kbil . Xbougml bib, fs `uiabrbs è l l sbxl cgbstãtchl . ;1

Fibxfgmr b Mu`fs bsh Fibxfgmrb bshrbv rbvbb qub sbo sbougm ugml l f Kàk Kàkicf icf,, f `uiabr jlc f þitc`f hlcsf qub Mbus jbz Mbvcf sbr u`f glctb mb sækfml, sækf ml, plcs plcs sb` sb` mþvcmf bstfvf bstfvf hfgsfml hfgsfm l .;3 Ilrm Kyrlg if`bgtf l jftl mb ls al`bgs gèl plmbrb` suplr tfr fs `uiabrbs, `fs gèl hlgsboucrb` vcvbr sb` bifs. 8 R` pbgsfmlr pbgsfmlr fib` fib`èl èl - al alnnb tltfi` tltfi`bg bgtb tb bs bsqu qubh bhcm cml l - mb gl`b _bcg _bcgcgobr, cgobr, jbz suhbssl f l bshrbvbr qub f s `bgtbs mfs `uiabrbs sèl purl glgsbgsb . 86 Xbu icvrl jlc rbbmctf ml vcgtb b hcghl vbzbs. vbzb s. Xco`ugm Jrb umnæjbz Jrbum jbgfshbrcf z f hurcls hur clsf f mbshl hl` kbrtf hcbgtàjchf mb qub tlmf `bgcgf g-

vbnf m l pîgcs `uc `uctl tl fgtbs mb mb sfkbr qub bs bssb sb øroèl bxcstb. jb`cgcstfs, hlgtuml, tî` sb bsqucvfml mcicobgtb `bgtb mb `bghclgfr fs kbiàssc`fs mbhifrfïòbs qub al `bgs jczbrf` f l ilgol mf acstørcf acstørcf,, tfcs hl`l bif Tf klf bsplsfP ã `uctl `fcs prbhclsf m l qub fs nøcfs 8; l u gèl tb prcvbs mb u`f bsplsf kl klff b sækcf, plcs sbu sbu bghfgt bgh fgtl l vfib vfib `fcs m l qub l lurl . 88 Mfgtb hfgtf f oiørcf mf mlr`f fgobichftf (`uiabr vcstf hl`l u` fgnl). Bib c`lrtficzlu Fs

Kbftrcz, Kbftrc z, sbu sbu þgchl þg chl b orfgmb orf gmb f`lr, hunf pbrslgficmf pbrs lgficmfmb mb ã iuz b cgspcrfïèl gf vcmf m l plbt plbtf, f, b hunf hunf `cssèl ã oucæ-il ftã Mbus. Mbu s. If`frtcg If`f rtcgbb rbjbrbrbjbrb-sb sb ås `uiabrbs hl`l fgobs `lr tbis tb is,, hrã hrãftcl ftclg g mcvcgb ( fgnl fgnlss `lrtfcs `lrtfcs,, hrcfïèl mcvcgf mcvcgf . . .

1

Ckcm. p.

==6

;3

Hctfml b` Glrkbrt Outbr`fg, F Klld l Jrbghk Vultftc gs

85

Mlukibmf y Fghalr, 6335, p. 8;?. Fgmrã @furlcs, Frcbi lu if vcb mb Xabiiby. Ufrcs>

86

B`

8;

Ur

88

B ml

Kuytbgmcnd, lp hct. p. ?8.

86,

65

?, 63.

62

K

v6

S ,r >

O` bt, i =:, p. - 6N  

 

 

  I C H BZ L G A C I M B K [

GM

Xhaciib Xha ciibrr jfif jfif hl` hl ` bgtuscfs bgtu scfs`l `l m l sbxl jb`cgcgl. ]ablmlr Afbhdbr fibof qub f gfturbzf jbz f `uiabr `fcs pbrjbctf qub l al`b` plrqub bif ã `fcs cghicgfmf f mlfr-sb b f f`fr. 82 L s pbrslgfobgs `fcs glkrbs gfs pbïfs mb Hifumbi sèl `uiabrbs (plr bxb`pil, Zclifcgb, Xyogb). Jlrïfmf f bghfrfr bssf rbficmfmb, Xc`lgb mb Kbfuvlcr cgtbrprbtf-f f suf `fgbcrf jb`cgcstf. Bif bshrbvb> @fs, sb sufs `uiab rbs Tfs mb HifumbiP sèl fssc` bxtrflrmcgfrcf`bgtb bgtrb oubs f l abrlàs`l m f sfgtcm sfgtcmfmb, fmb, ã slkrbtuml plrqub Hifu mbi fs vî gu`f pbrspbhtcvf `fshuicgf . 8: Hl`l f sfgtc mfmb ã prcvfmf mb vfilr fls lials m b Kbfuvlcr (hl`l u`f plkrb sukstctutf mfs orfgmbs rbficzfïòbs), l `fcs bibvfml bilocl qub sb plmb jfzbr f u ` al`b` l u f u`f `uiabr l u sbnf, f sfgtcmfmb - ã, pfrf bif, u` `brl sfrhfs`l.

Ulmb-sb bxpichfr Ulmb-sb bxpic hfr mb mcvbrsfs `fgbcrfs l jftl mb afvbr mbhifrfïòbs tèl mcvbrobgtbs slkrb fs `uiabrbs. B` obrfi ã vbrmfmb qub u` al`b` c`purl, l u u ` vchcfml b ` plr glorfjcf, ifgïfræ u ` liafr mbprbhcftcvl slkrb fs `uiab rbs. Ulr lutrl ifml u` al`b` c`brsl g l slkrbgfturfi cræ broubr ls lials pfrf l b l qub tbvb f algrf mb mfr å iuz l Xfivfmlr m l `ugml. Fl jc` b f l hfkl, obgbrficzf ïòbs cgnustcjchfmfs sèl tàpchfs mb `bgtbs supbrjchcfcs. Mc zbr qub fiou`fs `uiabrbs sèl hrcfgïfs plr tlmf f vcmf , qub fiou`fs `uiabrbs sèl sljcstchfmf`bgtb pbrvbrsfs, qub fiou`fs sèl bstþpcmfs b fssc` plr mcfgtb, sèl mbhif rfïòbs tèl gukifmfs qufgtl fs fjcr`fïòbs mb qub fiougs al`bgs sèl klïfcs, krutls, bstþpcmls - plrqub f bstupc

mbz, hlgtrf f qufi l s prøprcls mbusbs iutf` b` vèl, bstæ pbrjbctf`bgtb kb` mcstrckuàmf bgtrb l s mlcs sbxls. @fs fs mbhifrfïòbs gboftcvfs jbctfs hl` rbifïèl fl

pbifs fs jb sbxl jræoci - mbstfhfmfs b rbpbtcmfs å bxfustèl pbi `cgcstfs - jlrf` mcssb`cgfmfs b sèl f s æoufs qub `lvb` 8=

82

_ubrmb mbr Jrf bg ( Mcogcmfmb mfs `uiabrbs ). Hj. Xhaciibr, ` Kuyrbgmcnd , lp hct. p. ;?3.

8:

Mb Kbfuvlcr, lp hct. p. ;; 3 .

6:

 

L U[CZCI~OC L

B XB[ @RIAB[

sbu `lcgal. Bssfs pfifvrfs sèl, sb` mþvcmf, pfrhcfi`bg tb rbsplgsævbcs plr bssb `lvc`bgtl rbvliuhclgærcl qub ofgalu tfgtl c`puisl gl `ugml hlgtb`plrëgbl. Mb fhlrml hl` fs jb`cgcstfs, jb`cgcstfs, fs fs `uiabrbs, slk f prb sèl mf slhcbmfmb, fhbctfrf` plr sãh sãhuil uilss suf cgjbrc cgjbrclrcmf lrcmf mb , b b` `uctls pfàsbs bifs fcgmf f fhbctf`. @fs, folrf, gls pfàsbs mbsbgvlivcml mbsbgvlivcmlss , l `l` `l`bgt bgtl l ã prlpà prlpàhcl hcl pfrf u`f rbfvficfïèl mbssf sctufïèl au`ciafgtb. Hlgshcbgtbs mf cgnustcïf f qub bstcvbrf` sunbctfs, fs jb`cgcstfs folrf rbcvcgmchf` sbu mcrbctl f bstfr b` pã mb coufimfmb hl` l sbxl `fshuicgl. Bifs suplstf`bgtb fihfgïfrcf` bssb lk nbtcvl nbt cvl hl` hl`pbt pbtcgm cgml l hl` ls al`bgs gl hf`pl ml trfkfial, fl cgvãs mb sb bxcifrb` gl Dcrhab, Duhab ugm ~ b r (l (l\ \  trîs D Y m l fib`èl> corbnf, hlzcgaf b hrcfgïfs   Y Xbougml Xc`l gb mb Kbfu cr f ick rtf è l mfs sbrvcs tfrbjfs ml Xc`lgb `ãstchfs jlc f `fc glkr j fgaf m l slhcfics`l b hl` slhcfics`l, if qu r mc z r [þ c lvcãtchf).   ? Bif bshrb m `uiabr b m l slhcëics`l bstèl vb q u b T ~~P l m tcg cgtc` cg tc`f`b f`bgtb gtb icofm icofml l .. .... . ]f ]fii fssbrïèl ã hfilrlsf`bgtb hlgtbstfmf p if futlrf hlgtb`plrëgbf russf ]ftcfgf Ol rchabvf. Jfifgml f rbspbctl mf sctufïèl mfs `uiabrbs g f [þsscf slvcãtchf, bif bshrbvb> B , bgtrb gøs, fs `uiabrbs sljrcf` mufs l u trîs vbz vbzbs bs `fcs ml qub ls al al`b `bgs gs .83 Gèl aæ hl`l gbofr qub fiou`fs `uiabrbs `uiabrbs jlrf` trf trf 

tfmfs mb `fgbcrf fkl`cgævbi plr fiougs al`bgs. Dcbrdb offrm bshrbvb> Vufgtfs hlcsfs fkl`cgævbcs l `ugml gèl vcu g l rbifhclgf`bgtl bgtrb l al`b` b f `uiabr - q u b bi bif , quf qufsb sb hl`l u` fgc`fi, jlc u`f hrcfturf mb prbhcfmf gf hl`pfrfïèl hl` l al`b`, u`f hrcfturf mb lutrf bspãhcb .=5 ]f`kã` Habstbrtlg fm`ctb bssb jftl> 8? 81

83 =5

Ckcm. p. 22 66;. ikcm. p. 22. ]ftcfgf Hlrchabvf, ]fidcgo fklut

l m s mfgobrlc6s Glvf Slrd> Hrlss

[lfm, 6311, p. 1:-1?. Xlrbg Dcbrdb Dcbrdboffrm, offrm, _lrds l j Ilvb. Glvf Slrd> Afrpbr ]lrhakllds, 6326, p. 683.

6?

 

  I C H BZ BZ LG A C I M B K [

GM

Gèl -gbol qub `uiabrbs jlrf` cgnurcfmfs b ftã tlrturf

mfs4 `fs `f s mu .cml c ml qub fiou` mcf tbgaf` scml tlrturfmfs `fcs m l qub sèl folrf pbil fksurml prlpøsctl mf `lmbr gcmfmb mb tlrgæ-ifs f u ` s ø tb`pl c`pbrftrczbs ml ifr b jughclgærcfs hl`pbtbgtbs . F sliuïèl qub bib ljbrbhb ã T .. P mbstrucr mbstr ucr f tcr tcrfgcf fgcf.. Bifs Tfs jb`cgcstfsP qubrb`

trucr f hlgmcïèl jb`cgcgf ,=

mbs-

L fkusl f qub `uctfs `uiabrbs jlrf` suk`btcmfs jlc ciust rfml mcvbrsfs vb vbzb zbss g f ictbrfturf. [bhlrmb`ls l trf tf`bgtl krutfi mcspbgsfml å cr`è fibcnfmf mb Ibkyfmdcg plr sbu cr`èl hrubi b kîkfml b` L s Mb`ýgcls, mb Mls. tlcãvsdc. Lkvcf`bgtb l orfgmb bshrctlr russl bstfvf rb`btbgml f jftls rbfcs. Bssf trcstb acstørcf jbz-sb rbficmfmb g l pfssfml b fcgmf sb jfz alnb. Gèl sb plmb hlg hlgtbs tbstfr tfr qub l hafuvcgcs`l `fshuicgl gèl ã sbgèl u`f hl`kcgfïèl mb krutficmfmb b fitcvbz cgjfgtci ml al`b`. B pfrbhb bvcmbgtb qub, `bs`l b` jf h b m b u f vuigbrfkcicmfmb jàschf, suf orfgmb sbgsckcicmfm sbgsckcicmfmbb , u f cgtucïò bs `fcs sutcs b sbu tfibgtl pfrf hlilhfr-sb g l iuo f r m l lutrls, mèl å `uiabr `fcs plssckcicmfmbs mb fiïfr l u jbrcr lutrls m l qub tî` ls m l sbxl lplstl. Gltb-sb qub gl Bhibscæstchl l futlr ã bilqùbgtb fl jfifr slkrb f pbrvbrscmfmb mb qub fs bsplsfs plm plmcf` cf` bs bstf tfrr c`kuàmfs mbsmb l pbhfml lrcocgfi, `fs gèl aæ qufiqubr `bgïèl å krutficmfmb, f l bolàs`l b å murbzf mb hlrf

ïèl mb fiougs `frcmls. L futlr prlvfvbi`bgtb mbsbnf

vf haf`fr glssf ftbgïèl pfrf l jftl mb qub, qufgml fs `uiabrbs sèl pbrvbrsfs b bshliab` trciafr fqucil qub Xlrbg Dcbrdboffrm haf`f m b hf`cgal m f pbrmcïèl , bifs `uctfs vbzbs uitrfpfssf` f pbrvbrscmfmb mls al`bgs. If Kruyîrb bshrbvb> Fs `uiabrbs vèl fls bxtrb`ls b` tuml> l u sèl `bialrbs l u pclrbs qub ls al`bgs .=; Dcbrdbof frm mbjbgmb f `bs`f tbsb> T .. ) pbrtbghb å suf gfturbzf =6

O D

=;

B`

Habstbrtlg, L qub aæ b brrfml hl` l `ugml lp. hct. Outbr`fg, lp. hct. p. 626.

U¿ 66 L

61  

 

L

U[CZCI~

CL

MB XB[ @RIAB[

sbr `fcs pbrjbctf b `fcs c`pbrjbctf m l qub l al`b`. b qucsbr`ls fiumcr å `fcs purf b pbrjbctf hlgmcïèl, mc rb`ls `uiabr 4 sb qucsbr`ls fiumcr å `fcs jræoci b mã mã kci, mcrb`ls `uiabr 4 sb qucsbr`ls ciustrfr u`f hlgmc ïèl bspcrctufi fhc`f m b qufiqubr sbgsuficmfmb, mcrb`l

`uiabr 4 sb qucsbr`ls ciustrfr f sbgsuficmfmb, mcrb`l `uiabr 4 sb qucsbr`ls gls rbjbrcr å cglhîghcf b ` tlmf f

suf `fnbstlsf orfgmbzf, mcrb`ls `uiabr 4 sb qucsbr`l jfzbr fiusèl f l mbprc`bgtb sbgtc`bgtl m l pbhfml, mcrb `ls `uiabr . M b u`f hbrtf jlr`f, plrtfgtl, f `uiabr ã `fcs pbrjbctf qub l al`b` .. .=8 Gcbtzshab sboub sbu bxb`pil> mfs vlidl`` g _bck cst bcg albabrbr typus fcs mbr vlidl`` g @fgg (f `uiabr pbrjbctf ã supbrclr f l al`b` pbrjbctl). == @fs bib tf`kã` bshrbvb qub mfs _bck cst ugsfboicha vcbi klbsbr fcs mbr @fgg (f `uiabr ã `uctl `fcs pbrvbrsf m l qub l al`b`).   2 @fs sbræ qub f rbsplstf jb`cgcstf f bssfs mbscoufimf

mbs b cgnustcïfs ã u`f sliuïèl qub kbgbjchcfræ f Corbnf, f slhcbmfmb hl`l u ` tlml, l hfsf`bgtl, f jf`àicf, l u `bs ` l fs prøprcfs `uiabrbs< Lrf, f l mbsbnfrb` sb tlrgfri hl`l l s al`bgs, f s jb`cgcstfs cghlgshcbgtb`bgtb fm`c- i tb` f supbrclrcmfmb m l sbxl `fshuicgl. jjc ifs cgsbgsftf `bgtb prbjbrb` fitbrfr f mbscoufimfmb f kushfr f vbrmfmb l u f nustcïf. F jb`cgcicmfmb ã u ` pcvý m f vcmf au`fgf> u`f vbz frrfghfml, f s hlgsbqùîghcfs sèl mbsfstrlsfs. G f vbrmfmb, f bxpbrcîghcf gls `lstrf qub l jb`cgcs`l fhfkf

plr kbgbjchcfr l s al`bgs b prbnumchfr fs `uiabrbs.   :

L al`b`, qufgml icvrb, ã hfpfz mb mfr u`f rbspls tf fmbqufmf f qufiqubr sctufïèl4 bib ã coufi`bgtb icvrb =8

Xlrbg Dcbrdboffrm Dcbrdboffrm,, Bctabr-Lr pt . g (bshrctl slk l psbumýgc`l Zchtlr Brb`ctf). Urcghbtlg> Urcghbtlg Rgcvbrscty Urbss, 63=:, p. ??.

==

Gcbtzshab, @bgshaichabs fiizu @bgshaichabs ckcm.

=2

Gcbtzshab, Bhhb Al`l, ckcm. Kfgm ??, p. 8==.

=:

Dcbrdboffrm lp hct. pt. CN p. ;:5-;:6. Hfkb gltfr qub f @fïlgfrcf bghlrfnlu b prl`lvbu f rbvliuïèl jb`cgcstf. Hj. Ucbrrb Zcrclg, @ystbrc`g igcquctftcs. [bggbs (Jrfgïf)> Bmctclgs Xfcgt @chabi, 63:?, U¿ 6=6.

63

6.66

;:2.

 

  u

ZL

AiIMBK[

GL

pfrf mfr u`f rbspl tf brrfmf R`f vbz qub f gftur .

au`fgf jlc jbrcmf pbil pbhfml lrcocgfi l

al`bg bs44> `fcs prlpbgsls f mfr rbsplstfs brrfmfs m l qub hbrtf . B b`klrf plssf`ls pbhfr sbg f fnumf mb gcgouã` gèl > `ls hfpfzbs mb jfzbr l kb` sb` f orfïf mb Mbu `ltc `ltcvl vl pbil qufi mbvb`ls rbzfr au`cimb`bgtb B cssl `uctls mbcxf` mb jfzb jfzbr. r.

;5

ã fiol qub

 

L H[CX]CFGCX@L B L X F[OR@BG]LX HLG][F L U[@IÃOCL XC@LGB MB KBFRZLC[ FH[BMC]FZF VRB f Kàkicf

pfr tchuifr`bgtb f cmblilocf hrcstè tcgaf` orfgmb rb plg f kcicmfmb pbif mbpilrævbi b au`ciafgtb sctufïèl b` qub fs `uiabrbs sb bghlgtrf`. = Xbougml suf ibcturf, mb mb l Oîgbscs f `uiabr tb` scml mbhifrfmf u`f sbrvf m l a l `b`. Bif mbvb sbr lkbmcbgtb b suk`cssf b fhbctfr suf cg  jbrclrcmfmb sb` rbvlitf. Bstfr gu`f plscïèl suklrmcgfmf ã l mbsàogcl mb Mbus pfrf bif¿ bssb ã l `bcl mb fi fgïfr suf sfivfïèl. Bif bræ f it m f g ` mcmf ` q u fm`ctcr b fhbctfr uf r c m - . m - j c rcfm fgt mb Bvf. Ufrf Kbfuvlcr, c co gcjc r c fc l ugmærcl. Bif t C jlc jlr`fm f m rc fmf pfrf sbrvcr mb gtc f crr ` mc fv i`bgtb sø. hl`pfgacf f C u   ` qu Jlc if q u ` r g i tu rl` f m f sbrp g t ¿ j c b ib u pr . . f u `frcml b hl` 6 l f u u ruàg g . B`klrf f`kls ls huipfm t g a f ` r ` gt pugcmls hl` f pbrmf mf cm f m ` f p rmf m l mlgs prbtbrgfturfcs=1 q u ia a f cf` cml hlghbmcmls - c g h i u c g m l f

c`lrtficmfm m l hlrpl, f c`ugcmfmb å mlbgïf b å mlr - , bif rbhbkbu u ` hfstcol `fcs sbvbrl qub sbu `frcml. Ã vbrmfmb qub bib jlc hlgmbgfml f ofgafr sbu pèl hl` l sulr m l sbu trfkfial u`f pugcïèl qub `ciaòbs mb `u iabrbs hl`pfrtciaf` hl` ls al`bgs), `fs bif jlc pugcmf g f bsjbrf qub brf suf oiørcf - f `ftbrgcmfmb. F pfrtcr mfà =?

Mb Kbfuvlcr, lp. hct., p. 3 ?.

=1

Hl`prbbgmb trîs orfgmbs prcvciãocls qub, sb` `umfrb` f gfturbzf au`fgf sukstfghcfi`bgtb, hlgjbrb`-Iab u`f pbrjbcïèl å qufi bif gèl tcgaf l `àgc`l mcrbctl> f hcîghcf cgjusf, l ml`àgc ml`àgcl l mf mfss pfcxòbs lu f csbgïèl csbg ïèl mf hlghupcshîghcf, f c`lrtficmfmb ml hlrpl - F ]fgqubrby4 Hl`pîgmcl mb ]blilocf Fshãtchf b @àstchf, Hfp. C frt. M,, :6.

;6

 

FICHB.

l

ANIMBK[

GM

bif jlc hlgmbgfmf f mfr f iuz b ` mlrbs b fgoþstcf. Fiãrg mcssl, jlc mbhifrfmf sunbctf f sbu `frcml . Xbu stftus mb cgjbrclrcmfmb jlc jlc sbifml . Mb fhlrml hl` Kbfu lcr, bssf cgjbrclrcmfmb ã hlgjcr`fmf g l l l ]bstf`bgtl. è l jlc f prøprcf @frcf qub sb mbhifrlu f bshrf f m l Xbgalr < Bif b hrbvb> ã sl`bgtb fhbctfgml-sb hl`l sbrvf qub f `uiabr rbhbkb 5

mcrbctl f `fcs bspiîgmcmf mbcjchfïèl . Mb fhlrml hl` f jb`cgcstf &fghbsf suf mbrrltf mbjcgctc, f ã sbifmf qufg m l mbplcs mb mfr å iuz u ` `bgcgl bif sb fnlbiaf mcfgtb m'Bib b L fmlrf. Bssb ftl mb mlr è l lgstctucrcf f uprb`f ctørcf `fs uicg . -l K uvlcr tl` f ickbrmfmb m b fmchclgfr b b fn lbia r - b l S gubial mb Xèl Iu f qub sø gls mcz q u bi gS i u ` jfc ' b L lilhlu m ur -6 i ' ` mc jb`cgc t jrfg bsf m U uil gl mcz qub a mlr b hl`l rr `bgtb t - l cg iu à nlbi gh t b `l`bgtl cgjlrml au bu p r ø u` `fm qu Xfi r .. . ` pr rf`- b p rf c , ` -g cml. L ~ifprb t r u u cr ` u p l b Xèl i tbus cg jlr`f-gls qub b prl tr r ` b L mlrfrf` . ¿ Bi tf`kã` sb bsqub b mb `bg clg r qub b tlml l n bia mbvb` sb mlkrfr mcfgtb ml Xfa fmlr, tlmfs kb ïf mb vb` sb hurvfr mcfgtb mb Xuf ` - b. --

  3

ikcm.

p. 6

25

Ckcm.

p. 6 6

2

Ih ;,

2;

Ji ; 65.

28

Ih; 66.

2

22

@t ; 66. Ouãrfgobh ]a ictu turr  c Urbss, 63= 63=3 3 p. 6

N

f r

Y

iu` u`bb Y ' . _bsfgc

;;

b  br ]a b •

N  jY

 

L U[CZCIÃOCL

B X [ @RIAB[

F ibcturf jb`cgcstf mf Kàkicf ã cgbvctfvbi`bgtb lkstf huiczfmf plr suf jcilsljcf4 gf vbrmfmb, bifs bstèl rbbshrb vbgml bstb cgspcrfml icvrl mb fhlrml hl` sufs prøprcfs "cgspcrfïòbs" suknbtcvfs. Fl ilgol ml hf`cgal, cssl fs ibvf pfrfmlxfi`bgtb f hlilhfr fs `uiabrbs gl vãrtchb mf hrcfïèl b f prlhif`fr f supbrclrcmfmb ml sbxl jb`cgc gl. Mbus tlrgf-sb Mbusf, b Hrcstl sbræ rbkftczfml Hrcs tf l ` u`f vcsèl sbhuifrcstf, f oubrrf bgtrb ls sbxls ã cgbvctævbi. -

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slj . . . m. . J grgbgtls mb Hgstl, HRNL sfgoub gls rb 6rruu. 6hf suobrcml Bvf hfrrbof u`f orfgmb rbsplgsfkcicmfmb pbif t qu~ ~ m l pbhfml lrcocgfi, f glvf Bvf mb b`pbgafræ u r bm f \hfrmbfi gl trfkfial m f rbmbgïèl. Xfgtl Fgmrã pfpbY bshrbvb> Fs ` uia brbs f p if u m b ` plcs ¿ sb b` lutrl t rbtf j ¿ ia ¿ m ¿ brgpl 6 urgmf rgu br ~ub`ks>r 6u b ugprumbgtb g bnl pfrf l pbhf l , folrf b tf` b` u`f `uiabr qub` trfz . l Utt`bcrls jrutls m f sfivfïèl . Dcbrdb 5 ffrm rb b¿, . . • b tlu pbrsufmcml mb qub, sb jlc u`f `uiabr qub frrucglu a \ `b`, tf`kã` jlc u`f rguia r q u nu tf a g tf`b~tb jbz f rbpfrfïèl b cgm gtcguf f jfz -Yf . @f¿ X ¿¿¿ • fmcfgtb jfifrb` ` kr ugt .

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tf glcvf. L Bvfgrc` g t p r qub @frcf mbvb kr tbr pfssfml tã qub N l ã jcgfi`bgtb jl b cgjlr`fml qub sb hl`prl`btbrf hl` f `fc kbgmctf mf `uiabrbs. Mbb ` tî-ils sustbgtfml u`f jã b u`f hlgjcfgïf b` Mbus c`bgsfs murfgtb bssb tb`pl mb prlvfïèl. F [bvbifïèl ic`ctf-sb f mczbr-gls l qub prbhcsf`ls pfrf glssf Xfivf ïèl4 `uctls `cstãrcls sforfmls sèl mbcxfmls gl bshurl. bi 6.

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l prcvciãocl mb hlgtb`f`lrlsls pifgls mb M us. Zlitfgml-gls pfrf fs prætchfs m f Corbnf, gèl ã plr fhfsl qub sbtb mfs qucgzb mbzbgfs m l rlsærcl sèl mbmchf mfs f @frcf, bstfhfg l glvf`bgtb sbu pfpbi þgchl gf bhlgl`cf m f rbmbgïèl. Fiã` mcssl, fs bstfïòbs mf hruz algrf` fs `uiabrbs. F qufrtf bstfïèl ciustrf l Xfivfmlr bghlgtrfgml suf f`fmf `èb4 gbgau`f pfifvrf ã mctf sl sl krb bstb bghlgtrl m b pfrtcr l hlrfïèl, `fs ls jcãcs tî` gfs `èls l mbsfjcl m b `bmctfr rbvbrbgtb`bgtb bssf hbgf mb f`lr b sljrc`bgtl suprb`ls qub pfifvrfs gèl plmbrcf` bxprc`cr. Ã vbrmfmb qub Xc`èl mb Hcrbgb fnumlu Hrcs tl f hfrrbofr f hruz `f s- l Iuhf ib`krf-gls qub "bib jlc jlrïfm ' f j z 6 . gt g6uiabrbs hbrtf`bgtb l `vb6frf`> icmfm m ¿

tbrb`ls

fhliacml f plssckc`¿ ¿qu r c`c r `t rcgt `m if ljrc`bgtls mFqubib q u rm r ` gt Z rýgchf bgxuolu pc m f , 6 f m r. F `uiabrbs mb Nbru fc ' ` m gtl cgnustf`bgtb hlgm g m g g u imfml `fitrftfvf`-gl gr r rbþgb`-sb tlmfs fls pãs krut f i` g t mf ru z. G g a l prcvciãocl mb vbr Hrcstl trfg jc urfm g ` g t ] k r `fs bifs bstfvf` hl` Bib g l g6l` gtl m ruhcjcxèl. ruhcj cxèl. Cssl tf`kã` ã prljugmf`bg

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gèl iabs jlc mfml vî-6L jbrcml plr Mbus bs`fofml plr glssfs cgcqùcmfmbs .  3 L s

Xèl Nlèl, l mcshàpuil qub Nbsus f`fvf, rbtlrglu4 b jlc f bib qub l Xfivfmlr, `lrrbr,, hlgjclu Xuf `èb, hl` fs pfifvrfs> pluhl fgtbs mb `lrrbr "bcs f tuf `èb . F prc`bcrf tbstb`ugaf m f rbssurrbcïèl jlc tf`kã` u`f `uiabr, @frcf @fmfibgf. Ls fpøstlils rbhusfrf` sb f fhrbmctfr b` sbu tbstb`ugal b fcgmf jczbrf` f tlif fpøstlils afvcf`

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lksbrvfïèl mb qub \fqucil gè~ pfssfv~ mb kl\kfobg mb `uiabrbs . Bif sfkcf qub af~6f rbhbk6~5 prcvciãocl mb vbr L Xbgalr rbssushctfml b gfl tbgtlu R ttjchfr-sb. Xfk ¿ 6 ¿ ¿ b` su qub Fqubib qub f`\fvf v6g~ suff mb jbsf, fpf fpfrbhb rbhbgml gmlª åqubibs hunf jã vfhcifrf. Af\ qub` olstb mb pbg fr qub, `f `fcs cs tfrmb, ls fpøstlils pbmcrf` pbmc mbshuipf `fs f @frcf @f @f mfibgf pl r tbrb` plr rbnbct fml rbnbctfml sburf` tbst~`ugal, `f s f Xforf mfs Bshrcturfs scibghcf` qufgtl f cssl¿ bssb èl sborbml qub sø gls sbrèl rbvbifmls gf btbrgcmfmb. Bif hbrtf`bgtb gèl mbvb tbr pbmcml qub sb mbshuipfs b` (u` (u` vbrmfmbcrl hrcstèl gughf l jfz plcs gfqubib `l` gtl bu hlrfïèl trfgsklrmf trfgs klrmfvf vf mb fiborcf cbgtb m q u Bi rou rf-sb mb bgtrb ls `lrtl b gèl t rg . rcf f g6 rr r Bif fkcf qub Bib vbghbrf f `lrt gu` ct , rc trcugj gt . @frcf @fmfibgf tcgaf u`f j' ` c , icm b p rqu b `f `f6 .

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pfp i mf `uiabrbs 6. m tf fml. F Xèl ` `uia r t ò gmbgt qufgtl l . . U r `c rc qu b hgtl C vbr què tgNu stl b gc rg m b r `bgl prbzfml u` p pbi cg cogcjchfgtb. z

f p,

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vc'Xtå lkrbgftur i, gf rmfmb f `uiabrbs rbhbkbrf` u`f plscïèl prcvcibocfmf gf bhlgl`cf mf rbmbgïèl. Fqubibs qub pbrscstb` b` usfr fs ibgtbs ml sbhuifrcs`l tî` lials, `fs gèl gè l vîb`, tî` luvcmls, luv cmls, `fs gèl bshutf`. Ulcs f Kàkicf gèl plmb sbr hl`prbbg hl`pr bbgmcm mcmff f `bgl `bglss qub mbif gls fprlxc`b`ls hl` u`f ftctumb mb au`cimb rb~ tcvc mfmb l u sbnf, m b nlbials ,-,- hl`l hlilhlu Dcbrdboffrm. haf`fmls fmls bspbhcficstf bspbhcficstfss b` bstu bstumls mls kàkichl kàkichlss plmb` L s haf` sfkbr frf`fchl b orbol, `fs cgtbrprbtf` `fi f `bgs~ ob` mcvcgf, mcvcgf, plrqub plr qub sbu sbuss bstumls mbsvcrtufrf`-iabsª jb

R`f rbhusf tæhctf b` rbhbkbr f `bgsfob` mb Mbus - plr lrouial cgtbibh cgtbibhtufi tufi - ã pugcmf hl` f hboubcrf.

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qub bibv u f `uiabrb f u`f mcogcmfmb bxtrflrmcgærcf, ã b b`prb j c u` k m b bxpcftørcl `uctl b gvbgcbgtb pfrf bu mbtrft rb . Ã pschli~

hbrtf> f Corbnf

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Jcr t ]acg . g vb`krl, 6333. u`f hfrtf f l bmàhlr, [lkbrt Fipbrt f u f vc ibgtf`bgtb Ucl x>u plr sbu .. ciîghcl" murfgtb f Xbougmf ubrrf @ugmcfi. Mb fhlrml hl` l futlr, b sb orfgmb pfpf mbvbrcf tbr prbjbrcml rbprb æicf hlgtrf l hrc tèl f `fgtbr u` ciîghcl hlvfrmb. Bib b rbvb> .. Ã bgtrfc gf jã rc tè, sbougml bgtbgml, pfs f r plr u ` pbràlml j.

mb prlvfïòb b` qub prbhc f`l frrcshfr gl f vcmfs b, sb gbhb ærcl, ljbrbhb-if . (p. 6;). Ucl QCC mbgughclu l fgtc-sb`ctc ` l b` 6381 b` àt r`gbgmbr

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`bglsprbzl mf `uiabr ã hifrf`bgtb u`f trcstb Y hlgsbqùîghcf ml pbhfml lrcocgfi, qub sukvbrtbu f acb rfrqucf mb vfilrbs. Fl mbsbnfrb` sb tlrgfr coufcs f Mbus (sb` Mbus), Fmèl b Bvf bstfvf`, g f vbrmfmb, rbvlitfgml sb hlgtrf suf hlgmcïèl mb hrcfturfs, l u sbnf, hlgtrf suf mbpbgmîghcf tltfi mb Mbus. Mb us. Bib brf l hrcfmlr4 bibs bstfvf` sunbctls f Bib. L pbhfml lrcocgfi jlc u ` pbhfml mb lrou ial, mb mbslkbmcîghcf, mb crrbvbrîghcf b mb rbvlitf `btf jàschf qub ibvlu f u`f cgvbrsèl m f acbrfrqucf mb vfilrbs. Fl tbrb` f frrloëghcf mb sb mb i f rfrb` c ufns f Mbus, Fmèl b Bvf mbhifrfrf` oubrr f acbrfrqucf. B u`f vbz qubkrfml l bquciàkrc kr , u`f s ' rcb mb hlgsbqùîghcfs pfrtc ui r` gt f p f r f fs `uiabrbs. Fssc` hl`l f f i` m p c r v itfrf it frf`-s `-sbb hl hlggtrf Mbus, u lgtrf suf fi`fs, ås qufcs b tfvf` mbrf` hlgtf mb qub bstfvf` gu utr c l jlc `frfvcialsf` g t gt m Ufmrb Nlèl Ufuil C C f hlghupc hîg c u g mbhifrlu oubrrf fl f`lr bsplg fi q u f t ' qu i ` `bgtl træochl, jlrf l tb`f oilrclsl b f liugf v rt krfi m l rbifhclgf`bgtl bg trb glssls prc`bcrls prc `bcrls pfcs> u`f tbrgurf qub sb bxprbssf gl fkrfïl `frctfi.

`fcs l alrrlr, gèl sø fu`bgtfgml f fvbrsèl mb Actibr pbils numbu , `f tf`kã` sfhrcjchfgml u` gþ`brl scogcjchftcvl mb hrcstèls. L pfpf gèl plmbrcf lrmbgfr u` `frtàrcl hlibtcvl, hlrgl mcssb f `bu `frcml gu`f fumcîghcf prcvfmf b` nfgbcrl mb 638:. Mb fhlrml hl` l Xr. Fipbrt, Ucl QCC mbvbrcf tbr lkrcofml ls hftøichls fib`èbs fl `frtàrcl. @fs bssf `lrtb abrøchf mbvb sbr fkrfïfmf icvrb`bgtb. R` hrcstèl iboàtc`l gèl nuiof fs . t gïl- s m ls lutrls, gfl - ls rbprbbg m b plr gfl - tbrb` s ¿ml a br l ,hls ¿ Bib. t mbvb rbzfr orfïf bib prøprcl, u` abrøc qufgml f scrufïèl , ¿ pbif Fs sbou ¿ mbs sbr, fsl¿¿¿ .~b~cr Gfl l rgfr t`l. sbourgtb rgtbs Hrcstl stl fpichf`-sb f bst bstbb hfsl pf fvrfs mb Hrc nuiofc b gèl sbrbcs nuiofmls .

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un pbrspbhtcvf bstæ tèl mc tlr cmf qub ø f k iutcz `ls l qub ã rbiftcvl (mcga (mcgabcrl, bcrl, plmbr, uh uhbb ) b-rmftcvc zf`ls l qub ã fks fksliu liutl tl (vbrmfmb, `lrfi `lrfi,, vfilrb b M u . Ulmbr, rcqubzfs, jf`f, suhbssl b ml`cgfïèl è l cmliftrf cmliftrf @ R G M L B @ V R B FOL[F ZCZB@L

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mls4 au`cimfmb, hfstcmfmb, `lmãstcf, f hrc jàhcl b brvcïl sèl vcstls hl`l scgfcs mb jrfqubzf. Bstf þitcrgf jrf b qub slf hl`l u`f fprbsbgtfïèl mf jcilsljcf mb Gcbtz hab b` pluhfs pfifvrfs, plcs fprbsbgtf f oilrcjchfïèl mf jlr ïf b f mbprbhcfïèl m f jrf jrfqub qubzf zf - tlrglutlrglu-sb sb l rfsl rfsl gþhibl gþhibl ml pbgsf`bgtl `lmbrgl b mf hrbgïf jb`cgcstf. F orfvcmfmb m f ljbgsf mb glssls prc`bcrls pfcs jlc tfi, qub sb iabs tlrglu c`plssàvbi rbhupbrfr l ml` cgbs tc`ævbi mf vcmf slkrbgfturfi. Xø Mbus plmbrcf jfzî-il b, b` suf cgjcgctf `csbrchørmcf b klgmfmb, Bib bshliabu bg vcfr-gls Xbu Jcial þgchl pfrf ibvfr f hfkl glss glss-4-4-~bmbgïè~ ~bmbgïè~ hl` hl `- suf `lrt g fi ærcl. Fssc`, hl`l hfmf pbhfml trfz hlg co uf pugc è gèl ã surprbbgmbgtb qub alnb tbgaf`l g t rgfm t - `lrf `lrfi`bg i`bgtb tb hbols hbols (plcs f `fi mfmb hbof), f plgt m of tfr`ls jlrtugfs pfrf sfivfr jcialtbs mb kfibcf gqufgtl fssfsscgf`ls `ciaòbs mb kbkîs gfs kfrrcofs mb suf `èbs. : F hlgshcîghcf m l al`b` jlc mb tfi jlr`f bhicpsfmf plr sufs rbpbtcmfs cgjcmbicmfmbs pfrf hl` Mbus qub bssbs fssfsscgftls uitrfnfgtbs næ gèl sèl rbocstrfmls hl`l hrc `bs qub krfmf` fls hãus. Fssfsscgls mb kbkîs vèl mlr `cr hl` f hlgshcîghcf trfgqùcif b hl` f sftcsjfïèl mb tbrb` scml bjchcbgtbs . Kbrgfrm Gftafgslg b` sbu jfshc gfgtb icvrl ]ab Afgm l j Olm, rbiftf qub, mbplcs mb jfzbr u` fklrtl bib tcgaf f prfzbrlsf sbgsfïèl mb qub afvcf :;

:8

Xlrbg Dcbrdboffrm Hlghiumcrco Z shcb tcjch Ulstshrcpt Urcghbtlg> Urcghbrlg Rgcvbrscty Urbss, 633;, p. 81:. Hj. Xk ; 6: b ;, ;6. F gl`bfïèl mb Ubtbr Xcg Xcgob obrr - l fpøstlil mls mcrbctls mls fgc`fcs b prftchf`bgtb mf coufimfm coufimfmbb bgtrb al`bgs b fgc`fcs hl`l prljbsslr mb kclãtchf gf Rgcvbrscmfmb mb Urcghbrlg ¿ u` bxb`pil bilqùbgtb mbssf tbgmîghcf å hboubcrf `lrfi.

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rbficzfml sbu trfkfial b ' ickbrtf~l ' u`f `uiabr or, cm m b u ` pbsl lmclsl pfrf bif. Kbkbs au` fgl

m b jfzbr4 jcialtbs mb kfibcf sèl `uctl `fc

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Fs `bgtbs mb glssls prc`bcrls pfc jlrf` l k ur mfs pbil pbhfml, sufs vlgtfmbs jlrf` bgjrfqu cm . u

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nuàzls, mcstlrhcmls. Hl`prl`btcmf f ac rfrqucf m 6\ rbs, fs rbficzfïòbs mls al`bgs pfssfrf` f r upbg 6 \ rczfmfs. F jlrïf jàschf pfsslu f sbr oilrcjchfmf f jrfqu \ zf f sbr `bglsprbzfmf, tcmf hl` l prlvf m b cgj rclrcm m . Bcs l qub bstæ bshrctl g l icvrl m f Xfkbmlrcf rg rbjbr g c

å icgoufob` m l

cghrãmuil>

m f nustcïf, plcs l jrfhl, g f

V u b f glssf jlr brmfmb

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mb Mbu Mbuss ã `fc ækcf Mbus ã `fà jlrtb m l qub ls al`bgs .:: B` hlgtrfstb hl` l slkrbgfturfi, f jutcicmfmb m l bilocl au`fgl tlrgf-sb bvcmbg bvcmbgtb. tb. Lutrf hlgsbqùîghcf mbssb bquciàkrcl rl`pcml ã qub tbgmb`ls f supbrbstc`fr f hrcftcvcmfmb . Ufrf sbr kb` suhbmcml gl `ugml hlgtb`plrëgbl ã prbhcsl sbr c g vbgtcvl . F hrcftcvcmfmb tb` sc` sbu ifml plsctcvl, ` f ¿ f pbrougtf hruhcfi gèl ã sb fiouã` ã hrcftcvl , `fs f g tbs ã prbhcsl pbrougtfr l qub bib hrcf < Gèl jfz sbgtcml iluvfr u ` tcpl cglvfmlr m b frquctbturf sb` sb pbrougtfr sb bif ã lu gèl kbif. [bvbrbghcfr fiouã` pbil gþ`brl mb icvrls b frtcols pukichfmls sb` cgvbstcofr sb bibs sèl vbrmfmbcrls ã lutrl orfgmb bquàvlhl. F vcsèl mcstlrhcmf qub bstæ alnb b ` vlof cgbvctfvbi`bgtb ibvf fs jb`cgcs tfs f slkrbvfilrczfrb` f hrcftcvcmfmb , f glvcmfmb b f `lmf , f `umfgïf pbif `umfgïf. Cssl prlvlhf f hurclscmfmb mfs pbsslfs b ifgïf-fs g l vørtchb m b u`f tltfi cgstfkcicmfmb cgstf kcicmfmb `btfj `btfjàschf. àschf. Ã lutrf `fgbcrf m b mbsvcfr f ftbgïèl mfs vbrmfmbs btbrgfs b mls vfilrbs c`utævbcs. L bspàrctl mls tb`pls bgscgf-gls qub alnb tuml mb mb

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icofmfs. L orfgmb ficfml mfs `uiabrbs gèl ã l slhcfics`l, hl`l hrcf Xc`lgb mb Kbfuvlcr, `fs Hrcstl. F cmblilocf `lmbrgf mbhifrf oubrrf f l Bvfgobial qub prbof f au`ci mfmb b bgscgf qub qub` sb au`ciaf sbræ bxfitfml. Lrf, gèl plmb afvbr rbhlghcicfïèl bgtrb u`f cmblilocf qub fmvlof l plmbr b l uhb l lutrf hunl jugmf`bgtl ã mb`lg trfr qub l hf`cgal pfrf M u ã f au`cimb fhbctf ïèl mf prøprcf cg p f cm m > Zc Zcgm gm , ø Mbu , b ` `bu f uxàicl. Xl lrr c- ` ` m ` r ] f g t l Fgtcol qufgtl r uial, f frrloëghcf, f l G l v l ~ t ` gt gm g prbsu tupcm g f` gèl prbhchlfgml Xèl Ubmrl sfr m rct m g l g f uj ujrr æ c g ` r m b vbrcf br> Fnumfc-`b, X ga r p f r f q u L rc tc gc ` g cg cgff q u j ctl bxtbrgls (f cgvbgïèl m l h `put m r b m k ` k  f ftý`chf l u f habofmf m l al`b` å iuf) èl pø nuiofmls gèl plr gls

b hcgzf f l lials mb Mbus. Xbrb`ls l mb b`pbgal g l `ugml sbhuifr, `fs pbif au`cimfmb b hfrcmfmb qub huitcvf`ls. Ã sækcl tbr b ` `bgtb qub l `ugml pbrbhbræ pbil jlol, l qufi mbstrucræ tlmfs f s hlcsfs. 13 Ã kb` prlvævbi qub l fiuhc gfgtb prlorbssl tbhgliøochl mls þitc`ls sbssbgtf fgls, sb sbpfrfml m f sfkbmlrcf , cræ ibvfr l al`b` å ruàgf. A æ sã huils, Uiftèl bshrbvbu b ` sbu prc`bcrl icvrl mfs Ibcs qub l al`b` ã sbu\\prø rcl cgc`c l `lrtfi. Cssl brf vbrmfmb 11 [frcsklggb, Xfcgt 13 ;Um 8, 65.

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lkvcf`bgtb tcgaf` fiol væicml b` b ` `bgtb. Xbrc Xbrcff cgsbgsftl mb glssf pfrtb rbnbctæ-if hl`pibtf`bgtb, hl`l sb sb trf tfss tf ssbb mb u`f bxpr bssè l mb "hafuvcgcs`l "hafu vcgcs`l `fshuicgl". L qub plmb sb bgtbgmbr plr "`fcs jrfhl"< R`f rbs plstf økvcf sbrcf qub l sbxl jræoci" ã jcschf`bgtb `fcs jrfhl qub l sbxl `fshuicgl. Cssl ã fiol tèl t èl bib`b bib`bgtfr, gtfr, qub plmb`ls tl`fr bssf bxpichfïèl hl`l crrbibvfgtb. Fiã` mcssl, gèl afvbrcf `ltcvl gb` pfrf qub f jb`cgcstf `fcs "sbgsàvbi" sb ljbgmbssb hl` f fjcr`fïèl fjcr`f ïèl mb u` jftl crrbju sb

tævbi. G f vbrmfmb, fs jb`cgcstfs sbgtb` ljbgmcmfs plr   ub supòb` qub `fcs jrfhl" scogcjchf `bgls cgtbicobg tb, `bgls tfibgtlsl, `bgls hlgjcævbi, `bgls mcogl, bth. Hl`l vc`ls, fs fjcr`fïòbs mb `uctls al`bgs suplrtf` bssf tbsb. Ã vbrmfmb qub f pfifvrf "jrfhl" ã jrbqùbgtb `bgtb usfmf hl` rbjbrîghcf f hlcsfs, fïòbs lu ftctumbs mbjchcbgtbs lu hlg6 jfiafs. Jfif-sb b` "frou`bgtl jrfhl", "mbjbsf jrfhf", hfrætbr jrfhl", "sfþmb jrfhf", "mbsb`pb gal ga l jrfhl". B` tlmls bssbs hfsls, jrfqubzf rbjbrb-sb f fiol mbjbctulsl l u cgsftcsjftørcl. Hl`l mcssb`ls, f ictbrfturf orbof (bstlu (bstlu pbgsfgml b` Al`brl) oilrcjchlu f jlrïf, fs rbficzfïòbs, f hlrfob` b l plmbr. L jrfhl ã mbrrltfml, bshfrgbhcml, rcmchuifrczfml. Glssf hlgtb`plrëgbf cmliftrcf fls bsplrtbs prlhbmb mfs `bs`fs rfàzbs. Fqubib qub vbghb ã u` abrøc4 jlc fssc` qub l prbscmbgtb Kusa quficjchlu ls f`brchfgls qub ofgafrf` u`f `bmfiaf mb lurl gls nlols lià`pchls b ` Xblu Xbluii Fqubib qub ã mbrrltfml ã u` jrfhl. F mbrrltf m l tc`b mb jutbkli kbiof b` Ufrcs b` nu gal mb 6331 ã u` hfs hfsl l bxb`pifr. Fio Fiougs ugs cglplrtugls cglplrt ugls pf rfkbgczfrf`-gls qufgml rbtlrgfvf` f Kruxbifs. 3 

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kr æv 6, vuig bræv 6 s gsàv bi. Fs `uia br sè l `f à ' ' 6• kræ g rævbc ¿ ml qu b ls al ` bg s, b ¿ f vui gh rf acià mf m v ¿ . mbjhsfs b 6rr6 . .tf vb6 . . BCf Hrf i` hgt b èl U m tlrg æ 6fs 666 . a ` gh hfpf zbs b sb b jb g mb r b ` s lz cg fs . F Kàkic f ibg,k . - rf-g h lgstfgtb`bgtb m l m b vb r m b hucmfr mf vcþv f l v¿   • Z sbqubr sèl `bghclgfmls.

Gbssb sbgtcml, fs `uiabrbs sèl rgfc jrfhf qu b L a \ `bgs, b cssl sb vî bxb`picjchfml g f s iæorc`f jb`cgc gf . Xb nugtæssb`ls tlmfs fs iæorc`fs mbrrf`fmf s plr `uia brbs mbsmb l cgàhcl ml `ugml, bifs plm brc f` hl`pbtc hl`pbtcrr hl` l `fr, f l pfssl qub fs iæorc`fs mbrrf`fmfs plr al al`bgs bghabrcf` u`f pcshcgf mb tf`fgal `lmbstl. B fiã` mb halrfrb` `fcs m l qub l s al`bgs, bifs gèl hlstu`f` b bgvbrolgafr mb sufs iæorc`fs, bgqufgtl aæ al`bgs al`bg s qu b prbjbrcrcf` `lrrbr f sbrb` pbols halrfgml. @fcs fmcfgtb jfifrb`ls `fcs slkrb bssb fssugtl. Ulr hfusf mf jusèl bgtrb hlrfïèl b `bgtb  `bgtb   qu b hf  rfhtbrczf fs `uiabrbs, 3; bifs bstèl `fcs prlpbgsfs f sb   .ª.¿ olfr m l qub ls al`bgs, hunl p l m~ - mb f strfïèl `uct fs vbzbs ls prltbob mb sbgtc`bgtls gboftcvls. Fs `uia s tî` `uctl `bgl `bglss hlgtrl hlg trlib ib s3krb s3 krb sufs b`lï b`lïòbs òbs44 obrfi`bgt b sèl `fcs sbgsàvbcs b `fcs cgstcg cgstcgtcvfs. tcvfs. Xbus Xbus hlrpls hlrpls bs bspbia f` sufs fi`fs b f`kls pfrbhb` bstfr `fcs jlrtb`bgtb c huifmls gfs `uiabrbs m l qub gls al`bgs. Bssf hlgm cïfl cgftf, qufgml gèl lrcbgtfmf hlrrbtf`bgtb, plmb ibvæ if  

f hbmbrb` å sbmuïèl b f fiou`fs jrfqubz~s ~ -lrf lr fcs o~f- ~~ hl`l, plr bxb`pil, l sbhtfrcs`l b l suk6buv 6s`l g 6 of`bgtl of`bgt l mb sctufïòbs b pbsslfs. pbsslfs. @fcs m l qub ls ls al al` ` bgs, ª 3;

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`uiabrbs tbgmb` .f \gtcr ftrfïèl plr `æoc f.? 6 N L plm fssu`cr f jlr`f mb b pcrctc `l, tfrý, L u cn f. àm gt • o •rf i `bgtb sèl `uiabrb . Bstb plmb sbr lutrl plgtl qub èl Ubmrl b fgtl Folstcgal tcgaf` b` `bgtb qufgml qufgm l h af`fr af`frf` f` f `u `u iabrbs mb "sbxl `fcs jrfhl." Fs Fs `uiabrh ibvf` bu s ~g  tc`bgtls `uctl `fcs f sãrcl qub l al`bg b, pl r tfgt tfgtl, l, tî` u`f tbgmîghcf f sb fplcfr gbib b f hfcr gu` bol hbgtrcs`l. @fcs m l qub ls al`bgs al`bg s, bif tbgm tbgmb` b` f br r l  `ëgtchfs b sbgtc`bgtfcs sbgtc` bgtfcs (pbgsb` (pbgsb`ls ls b` @fmf`b Klvf~y , f sb tlrgfr vàtc`fs mb u`f bxfitfïèl gfmf sfmcf b f b r ml`cgfmfs ml`cg fmfs pbif c`foc c`focgfïèl gfïèl b pbif pbif jfgtfscf. B` suf futl kclorfjcf, Xf Xfgt gtff ]brbsf mb Æv Ævci ciff rbjbrb-sb rbjbrb-sb rbpb rbpbtcmf tcmf vb vbzb zbss fls pbrcols qub f`bfïf` f vcmf bspcrctufi m l "sbxl jrf hl"> sbgtc`bgtfics`l, mbvfgbcls, ciusòbs, bolhbgtrcs`l. Bif fjcr`f rbctbrfmf`bgtb qub bifs prbhcsf` `uctl mb lrcbgtfïèl. Mlcs orfgmbs mcrbtlrbs bspcrctufcs, Xèl Jrfg hcshl mb Xfibs b Ml` Hliu`kf @fr`clg, bgjftczf` l jftl mb qub plr `fcs cgtbibhtufi l u brumctf qub u`f `u iabr plssf sbr sbr,, Mbus, mb fhlr f hlrml ml hl` h l` fs mbhcsòb mbhcsòbss lrmcgærc lrm cgærcfs fs mb suf prlvcmîghcf, qubr qub bif sbnf mcrcocmf plr u` al `b` `b ` qub sb sbnf nf `cgcs `cgcstrl trl mBib" m Bib" .3= Bs Bssb sb ã u` tb`f rbhlrr rbhlrrbgtb bgtb gfs hfrtfs bspcrctufcs. @uiabrbs prbhcsf` mb al`bgs qub fs fnumb` f hfgficzfr fs b`lïòbs, f mcstcgoucr fqubifs qub sèl væicmfs mfqubifs qub bstèl hlgtf`cgfmfs pbif crrfhclgficmfmb crrfhclg ficmfmb,, fqubifs qub sèl iboàtc`fs mfqubifs qub sèl ciboàtc`fs. Ulr lutrl ifml ifml,, Xfgtf Xfgtf ]b ]brb rbsf sf - bhlf bhlfgml gml Xèl Ubmrl m Fihëgtfr Fihë gtfrff - tf`k tf`kã` ã` bshr bshrbv bvbb qub `fcs `fcs `uiab `uiabrb rb ml qu al`bgs rbhbkb` orfïfs bxtrflrmc bxtrflrmcgærcf gærcf b qub f `uia rb hlstu`f` sbr `fc `fcss rbhbptcvf ¿ f vlz mb Mbu b pfrtc38 3=

Ufui Bvmldc`lv f Jb``b bi b p. 623. Ml` [fy`lgm ]ack ]ack\\u6, kk l t llib Hl . 63:6, p. ; 6.

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¿ mlfr a ¿ rlà f`bgtb qufgml b 6 36 B . . . us hlrgïl" Xt>il purtg ¿fh ls. , qufgtl `f, pgvci pgvcibonfmf bonfmf sfl, `gcs g ¿b ¿ssctf` mb lrcbgtfïèl. Xfgtf ]brb f tcgaf > . fahmlrcf m ' h`prh rbhlrr rbhlrrbb r f mcrbtlrbs b pcrctu fc sæ  kcl b sfgtl sfgtlss pfrf fuxcicæ - if fmc hbrgc hbrgc..r f vficm vficmff mb mb ufs JY

xpbrc xpb rc ~gh ~ghcfs cfs `àstch `àstchfs fs . X ` tfi lrcbgtfïèl lu orf ïf, f `uiabr plmb tlrgfr- b tèl jrfhf f plgtl mb jfzbr `fi u l mb u` mb sbu orfgmb mlgs, uf kbibzf, pfrf suf prøprcf mb mbsstrucïèl lu pfrf f `u-mbstrucïèl mb lu trls. F prlstctutf (f `fcs træochf mfs `u iabrbs) ã `bstrf g f trcstb frtb m f sbmuïèl. Bif sfkb qub kltòbs fpbrtfr pfrf hfpturfr u` hicbgtb. Hl` l pbhfml lrcocgfi, f iuxþrcf iuxþrc f bgtrlu gl hlrfïèl au`fgl b f `fclrcf mls sbrbs au`fgls hfc hfcræ ræ jfhci`bgtb jfhci`b gtb gfs rbmbs mb u`f u`f vuiofr ftrfïèl sbxufi sbxufi,, sb gèl bstcvbrb` prltbocmls pbif orfïf b plr u`f vcmf hlgstfgtb mb lrfïèl. Cssl ã træochl, plcs f

kbibzf qub Mbus mbicgblu pfrf fs rbifïòbs bgtrb al`b` b `uiabr ã bspbzcgafmf b `fhuifmf. B u` sbr au`fgl usfr b fkusfr mb lutrl ã fiol fksliutf`bgtb vbrolgal sl Fiã` mcssl, ls pbhfmls sbxufcs sbxuf cs mbsorfïf` mbsorf ïf` f fi` fi`ff ml al`b` mb u`f `fgbcrf qub gèl plmb`ls hl`prbbgmbr qufgml glss glssff hlghb hl ghbpïè pïèl l mbssf `cst `cstbrcls brclsff bsjbrf ic`c ic`ctf tf-s -sbb f l purf`bgtb kcliøochl. Ulr lutrl ifml, ã cghlghbkàvbi qub fiouã` hlgshcbgtb mb qub Mbus l bstæ vbgml f tlml l `l`bgtl hfcf g f mbprfvfïèl sbxufi. A æ ftls qub sø plmb` sbr rbfic~fmls g l bshurl. Mlstlcãvsdc, u` `bstrb b` pschlilocf, mbshrbvbu mb `fgbcrf vcolrlsf b` L s cr`èls Dfrf`fzlv hl`l u`f `uiabr cgjbicz haf`fmf Oruhabgdf uslu mb sbu plmbr mb ftrfïèl sbxufi pfrf trfzbr l plkrb M`ctrc pfrf sufs rbmbs, gu` tàpchl nlol mb oftl b rftl. F ictbrfturf tb` fkugmfgtbs bxb`pils hl`l bstb, b ã c`plssàvbi gèl if`bgtfr f tlichb m l sbxl jlrtb" (hl`l ciustrfmf gl plmbrlsl rl`fghb mb Ololi, ]frfs Kuiaf). 32

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zb r qub, gl hfsl mf `uia `uiabb r f qu bmf v ` gf l tfgt p r fusf mf iuxþrcf, `fs plr u`f prl`bs prl`b s f m f` f`l lr rg

lu plrqub iab mczb` qub sbu f`fgtb cræ l `bt -r uc àm r 6 sb bif gèl hbmbr f sbus mbsbnls, lu plr p u r f vfcmfm l plr u` mbs mbsbnl bnl mbsbspbrfml mb br qubrc qubrcmf mf b pr prl l mf. Vuèl mlhb ã luv luvcr cr u` bu gughf gughf vc u`f `uiabr `uia br tè klgctf qufgtl vlhî , u ` vlhî ã f þgchf qub tlhlu `b hlrfïèl . L mrf`f mb Jfustl b @frofrcmf vb`-gls vb`-g ls f `bgtb. Vufgml @frofrcmf mbshlkrb-sb orævcmf, fkfgm gfmf b gu`f sctufïèl mbsbspbrfml mbsbspbrfmlrf, rf, ã tèl tbrrcvbi`bg tbrrcvbi`bgtb tb træoch træ ochl l qub bif prljcrf fs pfifvrfs> jlc tèl kl`4 jlà tèl klgctl . 3: Bif fic`bgtfvf f ciusèl mb qub l orfgmb al al `b` qub f hlgqucstfrf rbfi`bgtb f f`fvf, `fs, qufgm l sbus lials jcgfi`bgtb sb fkrcrf`, bif s vcu kbcrf m l -- mbsbs brl. Ulr jc`, jc`, `fcs `fc s m l qub ls al`bgs, al` bgs, fs `uiabrbs jfif` l krb sufs mlrbs b sljrc`bgtls. Vufgml mlbgtbs, ls ls al`bgs plmb` rlsgfr, `fs gèl olstf` mb jfzbr m l sbu mbshlg jlrtl l tb`f mb u`f hlgvbrsf. Obrfi`bgtb fs `uiabrbs sb fjicob` `fcs b prblhupf`-sb `fcs hl` f plssckcicmfmb mb pbrcols fcgmf c`cgbgtbs. Vufgml sb bgtrbof` f bssf tbgmîghcf, sbu hl`plrtf`bgtl plmb jfhci`bgtb tlrgfr-sb crrfhclgfi. Fs `uiabrbs sèl `fcs prlpbgsfs f bgtrfr b ` pëgchl qufgml icmf` hl` u` prlkib`f prætchl. Næ l al`bgs sbgtb`-sb mbsfjcfmls b jrbqùbgtb`bgtb olstf` mb tbgtfr rbslivbr mcjchuimfmbs tbhgliøochfs4 bibs qubrb` bg hlgtrfr sliuïòbs pfrf ls prlkib`fs. L s al`bgs gl g l r` r`fi fi  `bgtb sb rbhusf` f pbgsfr slkrb ls prlkib`fs ftã qub 6 ¿ mb jftl surnf` b bgtèl bibs plssf` jfzbr fiol pfrf rb 6vî-ils. Bibs bvctf` jfifr slkrb hlcsfs qub b i gèl plm rg `umfr gb` `fgcpuifr. `fgcp uifr. Fs Fs `uiabrbs, plr lutrl ifml, l ` 3:

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tum 6 s g gaug6f `uYa r cgt . ic gt p m r ¿ b g lgtrfr bspfïl pfrf s gtcr l j gmcmg. G v rm m t r suf jrfqubzf ibg6krfmf , m VLgtl m vc t lkr g tu  .ª,i u`f orfïf. Vufgtls rrl plm ràf` - ct hj gls ibg6kræssbg6ls qub sbg6 f fnumf m M u gè . plm ` jfzbr gfmf< Vufgtfs fsgbcrfs gèl jfz ` l plrqu f c`ls c`puiscvfg6bgtb, gboicobghcfgm glssf jrfqubzf b ic`ctfïòbs< Vufgtls pbhfmls, jfitfs, rrl cmcltch gå tî` hl`l hfusf l jftl m b qub sbu p rpbtufmlr gè mbu hlgtf (l u gèl qucs sb mfr hlgtf) mb quèl jrfhl brf b, plrtfgtl, gèl pbmcu u ` hlgsbial< Fl cgvãs m bgtcrb` ljbgmcmfs qufgml ib`krfmfs mb sufs jrfqubzfs, f `uiabrbs hl` `ltcvfïòbs slkrbgfturfcs sèl orftf ,i stfr hlgshcbgtb m b suf røprcf jrfqubzf b hlgjcfr gl fuxàYc mb Mbus ã l hf`cgal \;frf f futîgtchf jÒrïf b vctørcf. Cs l 5666

jlc orfvf l m b `lml fm`crævbi plr Xèl Ufuil qufgm bshrbvbu> Vufgml slu jrfhl, bgtèl ã qub slu jlrtb'' \iG f icturocf mbmchfmf f Xfgtf Cgîs - u`f nlv ` mlgzbif b `ærtcr - f Corbnf bshrbvb> Ø Mbus, qub bshliabcs fs hrcf turfs `fcs jræobcs g l `ugml (quc cgjcr`f `ugmc baocs ). Fiougs mcfs mbplcs m f jbstf mb Xfgtf ig s, f corbnf hbibkrf lutrf nlvb` sfgtf, Mlrltãcf, vcr vcroo ` `ærtcr. L 66> Ouãrfgobr hl`bgtf> F rbicocèl m rcstl plm , U r ~6 sø, prlmuzcr b ` `uiabrbs tà`cmfs, hl`l f sfgtf ml m b alnb, u`f bgbrocf qub å s vbz s uitrfpfssf fquba ls

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31

Ouãrfgobr, ]ab Icturochfi }bfr  }bfr  vliu`b =. _bst`cgstbr> ]ab Gbw`fg Urbss, 63=3 p. ;=:.

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rtspmt uc, ( 666 ¿gls ljc ¿cgi`hgr ¿) gr ¿ l gmv gtl mf ou rr , ``a rg ,> h` g t ¿ro g cfs, `uia ¿r ¿ ¿ rcfgï, ¿r . . ` ¿crlss , r7 \ rtàr gl s klt s s mvls prc` ¿crl. BC ¿s ¿r. ` l prc` ¿crl s ,6 , -vcm ,s. rh ' ¿a ¿r ' ucmfmls ` ¿mc l , . G \ vcmf ltcmcf g.,. r u l v r u` ag` ¿` mlr >cs ~ ¿ f u`f `uia ¿r gs ctfml Lsài al` gmf. m ur lic ~lstf` qu qu ¿ s l ¿ Ca agg ¿ mol `tf` l rfr ¿s m~ `f uicgc~ m m¿, m m ¿s ` p ga>u l pfp C ml fvfi crl ` mc vfc hunf `prb gm r jfïfgaf pfrf oi wcf 6¿ 5 prlr o r ls jrf l . ¿ghfgrgr ¿ lgqu6 tfr >c icgm icgm,, if`f qu f`fvf. q66i' orctl plr

,¿ v ¿rmg9i qu ¿ `uia r p m ` mbrrf`fr iæorc`f mci , f rrc`fs t if mf futl futl--pc mfm , ml bol . ¿gtrcs`l iæ rrc`~ u r p g C ` f jbg f c`focgæ rcf s, vf cm>cm   j rcmf - .. 6 ug al` ¿g tf`kã` plmb` ~f,r ghs . ` ¿ ` @f jft mb qub fiou4,,f iæorc`f sè pl C fr--gl pfrf l fr c • c` g jltl m 6u C  ¿ , r t `k `kãã` xpr òb ml qub a. m ` ia r al` `. Vufgml fgtl F stcga , u p .. , m cmcu rb plgmbr fl af`gm m m vcmf, gèl tbvb vbrolgaf m alr r. crr `pc ` m `bu lial , u` sf rcjà cl f bct>àv i p r.> ] c . 6 B C gè ø halrlu hl`l tfg6k ~` j z qu t f m cgj r`fr-gl qub suf mbrrltf xpr s u` iæorc` mb frr pbgmc`bgtl. 6lr qub jchf` ¿ t>c `lvcm , l vbr kbk î < R` br au`fgl glr`fi   ã prljugmf`bgtb t fml pbif jrfqubzf mb u` rbhã` -gf hcml huc~ ¿lkrbvcvbghcf mbpbgmb ml hucmfml lg hfgtb mb lutrl . uf jrfqubzf b ` u`f mlhcicmfmb b tbrgurf cgjcgctf • R`f u` haf`fml f hucmfr mbib mfs b g bquîghcf `fc mb f trl f ml fklrtl ã qub `uctl b` gl ª >`iii slhcbmgm xtcgoucrf` b` bu hlrfï ¿ b mlbgtb b b f`lr tbrgl pbif hrcf hurf `fc cgmbjb f> l kbkî fcgmf gl vbgtrb mf `èb. L mfgl q~b .ª pr, rchf ml fklrtl jbz fl hlrfïèl au`fgl ã cgb rc`ævbi. Ulmb`l mb gcr qubibs qub l - lk rtcsrg b fqubib bofm pbil alrrlr ml f klrt hl`l f gèl hî` hlrf èl gèl tî` tbrgurf pfrf hl` l jrfhls. 655 f`l Fol tcgal, gjcss òbs Icvrl 666, 6;.

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F Corbnf Corbnf b` suf sfkbm sf kbmlr lrcf cf `ftbrgf `ftb rgfii ljbrb ljbrbhb hb f bu jcials u`f l~fïèl pfrf hfmf gbh gbh,,bs \cmfmb B if tb` u`f lrfïèl bspbhcfi pfrf l ml` mfs ifog`f > bmuh mb hlrmcs lstrc murctcf ifhry`fs hl`pughtclgcs (bxtrfc mb gl gl >lrfïèl bgmurbhcml iæorc`fs mb hl`pugïèl). R`f hl h l gvbrsèl prljugmf ã hl`u`bgtb kftczfmf hl` iæorc`f . Fssu`cgml qub fs `uiabrbs halrf` hl hl` ` `fc jf jfhc hc  icmfmb, f qubstèl ã plr qub bifs halrf` < Urc`bcrl ã prbhcsl mcjbrbghcfr fs iæorc`fs iboàtc`fs mfs ciboàtc`f . Zcvb`ls b` u` `ugml qub mcfrcf`bgtb ljbrbhb lhf cèl pfrf iæorc`fs. L rbc Mfvc bshrbvbu> @bus lials vbrtb` iæorc`fs, plrqub ls al`bgs gèl oufrmf` vlssf ibc . 6  6 R`f mfs kb` fvbgturfgïfs ã Kb` fvbgturfmls ls qub halrf` . Fc mfqubib qub gèl halrf qufgml Mbus ã kifs

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l

jb`fml, lgmb pcgturfs lmclsfs sèl bxckcmfs b iluvfmfs hl`l lkrfs mb f r t b , q u f gml fiougs pfmrbs mczb` `cs sè l fkusfmfs mcfrcf`bgtb, sfs sfhràibof s, l g m b h rc f g ïfs sèl lgmb pbsslfs pbsslf s è l t l rtur f m f , lgmb l gmb `ciaòbs pfssf` jl`b. Fs iæorc`f iæorc`fss sè sèl l r p t f f m qufmf pfrf f krutficmfmb, f cgnustcïf , f h ru im m kiff jî `cf, l ømcl. Hrcstl hal ki rlu fl vbr Nb N b ru f i ` qu f gml jlc fl tþ`uil mb Iæzfrl. Xèl Jrfghcshl m F c h alrlu plrqub l f`lr brf tèl pluhl f`fml   . H l`l hlilhlu Zcroàicl> Xugt i hrc` b rbru` (bssfs sè sè l hlcsfs mcogfs mcogfs mb mb prfgtl pr fgtl - lu sbn sbnf, f, sc sctu tuf f ïòbs qub hlgvcmf` ås iæorc`fs). 65; Hrcstl prl`btbu qub gl hãu tlmfs fs iæorc`fs sbrcf` bgxuofmfs, b Dcbrdboffrm hl`bgtlu f trcstb hlgmcïèl mfqubibs qub gughf mbrrf`frf` u`f þgchf iæorc`f. Ul mb`ls halrfr pbifs ljbgsfs qub mcfrcf`bgtb sb jfzb` f Mbus,, pbils glss Mbus g lssls ls pbhfm pbhfmls, ls, pbif cgorftcmèl cgor ftcmèl ml m l al`b` ... F `fcs sfgtf bgtrb tlmfs fs `uiabrbs, @frcf, ã haf`f mf @ftbr mlilrlsf (`èb habcf mb trcstbzf). Xuf c`bgsf trcstbzf trcs tbzf jlc jlc fm`crf fm` crfvbi vbi`bg `bgtb tb bxprbssfmf plr Ocfhlplgb mf mf i5i XC 661 (663) , 68:. i5; Zcroàicl, Bgbcmf 6, =:;.

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Fs `uiabrbs tf`kã` tî` u`f `c sèl pfrf hl` l lutrl sbxl> mbspbrtfr b fprc`lrfr f fjbrc cmfmb gls al `bgs, `uctfs vbzbs ftrljcfmf plr u ` fkstrfhclgc `l.

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fml b sb` pfr, Habstbrtlg jfif slkrb f mcogcmfmb au`l r . jb`cgcgf hlgtrf f krutficmfmb `fshuicgf . 6 L hlrfïèl m u` al`b` plmb kb` sbr u ` mbsbrtl gbhbssctfgml mb mb s>spbrfmf`bgtb m b æouf. ]lmls gøs hlgabhb`ls al`bgs qub sèl `æquc~fs mb pb~sfr b mbsu`fgls. L hý`chl b plr vbzbs c`pcbmlsl Dcbrdboffrm gughf pbrmbu u`f hafghb mb ftfhfr Abobi, sbu cgc`col `lrtfi. Bib suobrb qub l hfsf`bgtl (mb Abobi) mbvbrcf sbr tèl c`pbsslfi . ¿ qub ufgtl sbu pbgsf`bg t l " . 653 Bi ¿ b lk v6f`bgtb qubgf tcvãssb`ls pbgf m f srf. Abobi Hl`l

ã icgmf f hl`pib`bgtfrcmfmb mb al`b` b `u

iabr mb fhlrml hl` l pifgl mc cgl. Gèl jlc plr fhcmbgtb qub Xèl Jrfghcshl mb F c jlc `fcs kb` hl`prbbgmcml plr Xfgtf Hifrf4 è l J r f ghc l m Xfibs plr Xfgtf Nlf mb Hafgtfi4 è l c g t m Ufuil plr Xfgtf Iucsf mb @frciifh. G l t ` p tu 6  @ rc Uci Uciff jlc hl-jugmfmlrf hl` l Ufmrb Bu g @ f rc m tr Mf`b mb Zcb b ` `ugaèl b f jlr`f Urlvbgïf. L al` ` j c j ct p r `uga > p m p l f qub sb hl`pib `fcs pbrj ctf m utr . Ã p r c `bgtb` u`f å qub Mbus mcssb> Gèl ã kl` qub l alrg ` t N

gf

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sufs vcmfs> suf cmf jf`cicfr, sbus rbifhclgf`bgtls hl` ls qub iabs sèl hfrls, sufs prblhupfïòbs hl` f sfþmb, l kb` bstfr jàschl b, sb hrcstès, hl` f hlgmcïèl bspcrctufi mb sbus jcials4 b ` lutrfs pfifvrfs, prblhupfïòbs au`fgfs. F `fclrcf mls al`bgs hlgvbrsf slkrb l `brhfml mb fïòbs, pliàtchf b bsplrtbs4 fiougs hlgvbrsf` slkrb qubstòbs cg tbibhtufcs b frtàstchfs¿ Habstbrtlg bstfvf hbrtl qufgml bs  jfif` u`fs hl` fs lutrfs4 ls rbvbu qub f s `uiabrbs al`bgs jfif` hl` l fssugtl m l qufi bstèl jfifgml" ¿66 ¾

mb

Habstbrtlg, lp. lp. hct., p. 6;8. 653 Xl rbg . c br d boffrm, lghium`o

iLX

R gsh,bg . t  ¿ c b

Urcghbtlg Rgcvbrscry Urbss, 63=6, p. ;:1. i iL Habstb glg, lp. hct., p. 1:.

Ulstshrcpt.

Urcghbtlg>> Urcghbtlg

T

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GM

6 F `c `cssèl ssèl m b u`f `uiabr ã b` `uctl fuxcic m k ibzf qu b, hl gjlr`b næ vc`ls, bif plmb u fr 4 ª Ubif prøprcf ru àgf. F f`fkcicmfmb mb u`f `uiabr hlfrf suf uf m ¿ chfm chfmbzf) bzf) plmb bxbrhbr bxbrh br u ` hafr`b tfi slkrb ru tlm aª g6brg , qub jfz hl` qub f jrfocicmfmb mbif l hlilqub rg lm m m sbu s pbs. Bssf vbrmf b b fou f `bgtb bstfhfm bstfhfmff gl Fgtcol t¿ ' b 6 rf ¿ af Bstbr, f jc` mb sfivbs tfg6bgtl, qufg ml f f` f`fv fvb rf6g 6g sbu plvl, bgtfl f` f`bf bfïf ïf ml pb 6f mbp bprf rfvf vfïè ïèl l ml `cgcstrfrl m l rbc, luslu qubkrfr f rborf qub prlckcf qufiqubr u` mb fprlxc`fr-sb m l rbc Fssubrl sb` pbr`cssèl. Fl vî-if bgtrfgml b ` sbus fplsbgtls, "bib Tl rbcP lialu-f, habcl mb høibrf". F rfcgaf mbsjfibhbu. Bif mbs`fclu, sbu rlstl pbrmbu tlmf f hlr b bif fplclu f hfkbïf gf bshrfvf qub f sboucf. @fs Mbus `umlu l hlrfïèl m l rbc jfzbgmbrl `fgsl. Bib broubu-sb ml trlgl fgs fgscls clsl l b tl`lu tl` lu Bstbr gls krfïls ftã qub bif sb rbhupbrfssb4 b rbhlgjlrtlu-f hl` pfifvrfss sufv pfifvrf sufvbs. bs. L qub aluvb, Bstbr f iluhurf mb Mbus ã `fcs sækcf m l qub ls al`bgs b f jrfqubzf mb Mbus ã `fcs jlrtb m l qub ls al`bgs . 66 B g f sbougmf bpàstlif, l orfgmb fpøstlil mbsbgvlivb l `bs`l tb`f> Xb ã prbhcsl oilrcfr-`b, bu `b oilrcfrbc mb `cgaf jrf qubzf . 663 Mbplcs mb cgmchfr fs `frfvcialsfs orfïfs qub rbhbkbu, bib fhrbshbgtf> ' T .. ..PP qufgtl f `c` m gfmf `b oilrcfrbc, sbgèl mb `cgaf jrfqu zf . 6- l Mcfgt mb tb `uia r iluvlr å jrfqubzf l ` p m ` s gtcrb` jr , oci < ljbgmcmfs qufgm ba ` m m L `b ` l u ' jr m r ghlgtrfml gtf qu gfs lkrf mb g qubb bu hfrl f`col Fiàpc q u m gug O t rgfr f v r l 65 ols hru, cs m oi r ` g gjcfgm gjc fgm mb`fcs b ` suf prøprc , j rt z g u f`col l ibvfrf` f l n o nur u p qu `fgtbgf ls lials jbhafm . @ q u gm , `uitc ukctf`bgtb hlg6bïlu f orctfr m ` p i - , i g - pým bvctfr fkrcr ls lials. 6-c Jlc sø qufgml Fiàpcl au`cimb`bgtb sb mbu hlgtf m b suf jrfqubzf qub bib pýmb supbrfr f tbgtfïèl. L prøprcl Xfgtl Folstcgal, b`klrf tbgtfssb mbsbspbrfmf `bgtb vcvbr f hfstcmfmb, hfàf hl` jrbqùîghcf. Jlc fpbgfs qufgml pbrhbkbu qub gèl plmbrcf fihfgïfr f vctørcf hl` sufs prøprcfs jlrïfs b qub tbrcf m b hlgjc hlgjcfr fr bxhiu bxhiuscvf` scvf`bgtb bgtb gf orfïf mb Mbus, qub hlgsboucu sb ickbrtfr mfs hlrrbgtbs qub l afvcf` `fgtcml prcsclgbcrl plr tfgtl tb`pl. vbrm ¿ r f bstæ b ` sfkbr quèl jrfhl sb ã plcs bssf 661 iHlr 6 ;2. 663 ;Hlr 66, 85. 6;5 ;Hlr 6;, 2 ; Xfgtl Folstcgal, Hlgjcssòbs

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hlgshcîghcf ã l tlqub m b hifrc` qub fgughcf qub b prb hcsf mb fnumf. Mbus sb`prb bshutf fqubibs qub iab pbmb` fnumf. Vub mlhb f vctørcf qufgml l vbghbmlr rbhu f- b f rbhbkbr ifurãcs slkrb f hfkbïf b m æ tlmls ls hrãhictl f sbu F`fml, f sbu Xfi fmlr, f sbu Xfgtl @ãmchl. Mb jftl, jft l, ã fpbgf s qufgml gls mf`ls hlgtf mb glssf jrfqub zf, hl`l lhlrrbu f Xfgtl Folstcgal qub gls tlrgf`l jlrtbs> Vufgml luïl fiouã` trfzbr å tlgf `cgaf vcmf prborbssf, gèl c`plrtf hl` qub cgtbgïèl l jfïf gèl slu tèl cgorftl qub `b fgoustcb hl` cssl¿ plcs qufgtl rg c bxpòb` `cgaf `c ãrcf (jrfqubzf ) `fc bu ilu l `bu @ãmchl .   ;; Lrf, f `uia rb mbjcgcrc, `bgt tb` u`f vfgtfob` lkrb l b r j rt tbr hlgshcîghcf mf p r , prc ' ic mcvcgl. Jlc p r b sbxl pcl . Cs

p

m

rc f

hrc tè , hëgmfi urrl. tcls. Ã f ` C mc Bif bg lgtrf u`. r gt gf ' pbqu g f c m ' > p r`fgb b r mbs lga cm b r r ` m ` cg cogcjchfgtb b ` màl r fhlia r ` r tcmp q u gbz b f `csãrcf ml lutrl. Bif sb fibor , qufgml hl`btcf u` brrl, gèl plr hfusf m l brrl `fs plrqub gcssl iab brf mfmf u`f hafghb mb prl fr, `fcs u`f bz, suf jrfqubzf b c` pltîghcf sb` l fuxàicl m f orfïf mb Mbus. F Acstørcf mb u`f Fi`f ã u ` `fogàjchl iluvlr å jrfqubzf fiborb`bgtb fhbctf b trfgsjlr`fmf pbif orfïf b ` vctørcf slkrbgfturfi. B vlitl f mczbr> pfrf fqubib qub f`f, ã mlhb mfr l hrãmctl mf vctørcf å pbsslf f`fmf, qufgtl `fcs f u` F`fml qub ã ]lml-plmbrlsl b jrbqùbgtb`bgtb bshliab l qub ã jrfhl b c`pltbgtb pfrf mbrrukfr f slkbrkf ciusèl mb qub ls 6;; Xfgtl Folstcgal, vliu`b v, p. 65.

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al`bgs sèl j r t b g > p r c ., ` m b num . M u ` p gt mb tcstf lkrbg f turfi g - a f g \ m , k i u t\  ~6 gt b g m . qub gèl pl f b r p r vb ct \ m p r ~ , . i g m b u . ]lmf mbrrlt f plm l g brtbr- bg6 t t g t m au`cYa au`cYa,, \ ïèl b` prbhclsf prbhcls f nø cf m r f m b utr t m rc` gt  \

qub j z l b` oilrcls jrbbug6 m r r ug b`jr ug66 . a Xfi `frhf fmlr. L fihløiftr f qu hifrf pukichf`bgtb sbu v à c p bi k k cm f trfgsjlr`f suf au`cia gtb m br r t b g6 ` F sboucgtb pfssf bg6 m b Ac t , rc m b ug6 f Fi`. F i`. rbY b` g ~U ifmlrf> ' Fa Ulkrbs `uiabr b B fcgmf fssc` `uctl ` c `uia r a g6 b g , `f` f Mbus. M u r f g t b p c f m b m b ` g tr rh` gjr g t r f ` ``fcs hlrfob` qu f , Yj b limm f m suitls mls li Nbsus. Ulr b f r f r `ct u f g6t6ia b r b~ 6f ` trftfmfs hl` m r r , u6 gf c t , `k ã` I iXXL L u R ` trfræ trfr æ qub sbu gt m a `bgs p c iæ þ ititcc` 6g 666 g G f b pcrctuf pcrctu f icm icmff m k r f ` tb vbzbs f l mc mcff f l r f å M u cg mn ut rcu` .` bu ` cgt gmb. Ml`cgb f m f mnuY gmug6 ` j tc cgm Mbu bg6 `bu f ux àicl. Xl r r c-` m ga gm l `fcs u`f bz qub g ø l g t g t rg g t p r 6 f ` mf fnumf mc cgf pfrf gèl fcr`l g ci f m qu ` f ic g bstæ sb`prb f fr`fr-gls. M b jftl bib ã 5666 u ` ¿¿Y c ruocgml, å prlhurf mb fiouã` p f r f m l r r. ' - ¿ 5

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mbstrucr gl glvcïl f futl-hlgjcfgïf gfturfi b u k tctuà-if mbstrucr plr u`f hlg hcîghcf fcgmf `fc r mb uf jrfqu jrfqubzf bzf b m l jftl mb qub sb g Mbus gèl plmb jfzbr gfmf . L `b trb mb glvcïls `lstrfræ f bi bibb qu qubb b f vcr vcrtum tumbb gfturfc gèl sèl sè l kftczfmfs kf tczfmfs b prbhcsf` prb hcsf` mb u`f purcjchfïèl. Bib cræ hl` mlhcicmfmb b jcr`bzf fnumfr l glvcïl f fmqucrcr vcrtumb slkrbgfturfcs kfsbfmfs gf au`cimfmb l u bnf u`f tltfi mbshlgjcfgïf mb sc `bs`l b u`f tltfi hlgjcfgïf gf orf ïf mb Mbus. F futl-hlgjcfgïf gfturfi ml glvcïl ã sukstc tuàmf plr u`f sfgtf cgsbourfgïf 4 b` lutrfs pfif rf u`f hlgstfgtb hlgshcîghcf hlgshcîghcf mf prøprnf `csãrcf b u`f hlg jcfgïf cgjcgctf g ' Fqubib qub plmb sus sushctfr hctfr jcials jcials f Fkrfèl ftã mfs pbmrfs.

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folrf ã pl àvbi p kbr f kbibzf mf jb`cgcicmfm ¿ hl`l vcgmf mf gcfl f`l f`l  rlsfs mb Mbus, fssc` hl`l f oilrcl f `c è l 6u Na - jlc hl gjcfmf, jb ugmfmf pbil slkrbgfturfi. Gu Gu` ` f hl hlgj gj r  g hcf bshifrbhbmlrf qub Bmcta Xtbcg (folrf hlgab cmf hl`l L@ KFXB GL VRB JLC MN]L,

Xfgtf Bmcta Xtbcg) mbu b` Xfizkurol b` 6385, bif fpr \ sbgtlu hl` `fbstrcf f mcjbrbgïf jugmf` bgtfi bgtr f gfturbzfs `fshuicgf b jb`cgcgf. Fs `uiabrbs sb cgtbrb cgtbrbsi si sf` `uctl `fcs plr pbsslfs qub plr hlcsfs, bif fjcr`f. B cssl ã `bs`l vbrmfmb vbrmfmb.. C`focgb`ls C`focg b`ls l sbo sboucg ucgtb tb hbgærc hbgærcl l> u` orupl mb al`bgs b `uiabrbs bstæ rbugcml ftræ mb u`f plrtf jbhafmf. Vufgml f plrtf sb fkrb, tlmls bg trf` gu`f orfgmb sfif lgmb sø sb sb bghl bg hlgt gtrf` rf` mufs m ufs hlcsfs> hlcsfs> mb u` ifml, u ` kbrïl lgmb nfz u ` kbkî, mb lutrl, u` Fs

m f `fcs fvfgïfmf tbhglilocf. hl`putfmlr `uiabrbs m l kbrïl4 ls al`bgs, mbplcs mb fvfgïfrcf` g f mcrbïèl u`f krbvb liafmf gl kbkî, lptfrcf` pbif lkrf mb frtb mf tbhglilocf b sb plrcf` f krcghfr fpfcxlgfmf`bg tb hl` f `æqucgf. Fs `uiabrbs sb prbhcpctfrcf` slkrb l kbkî pfrf fjfoæ-il b bxuitfrcf` fl luvcr f hrcfgïf kfiku hcfr fiou`f hlcsf. Lkvcf`bgtb fs `uiabrbs ã qub tbrcf` f rfzèl, plcs u`f hrcfgïf ã u`f `frfvcia `frfvciaff mf hrcfïè hrcfïèl l mb Mbus f qub gbgau`f hlgqucstf mf tbhglilocf plmb bquc pfrfr-sb. G l jugml, ls al`bgs sfkbrcf` qub fs `uiabrbs

jczbrf` f `bialr bshliaf, `fs ã mcjàhci pfrf bibs rbscstcr å jfshcgfïèl m f tbhglilocf. Fiã` mcssl, fs `uiabrbs hlilhf` l hlghrbtl fhc`f ml fkstrftl, ls cgmcvcmufcs fhc`f mls ugcvbrsfcs. B `fcs u`f vbz, bstèl hbrtfs. Fjcr`æ-il gèl mc`cguc f c`plr tëghcf m l c`prbssclgfgtb `ugml m f fkstrfïèl, qub hbrtf `bgtb `brbhb glssf fm`crfïèl cgtbibhtufi. @fs mbvb jchfr hifr hi frl l qub l Mbus þgchl vbrm vbrmfmbcr fmbcrl l b hlghrbtl, l Mbus . vc vbgs bt vcmbgs m b Xfgtl Folstcgal, ã `btfjc chf` gtb supbrclr f l glkrb `ugml mfs cmãcfs piftýgchl. Orfgmbs `btfjàschls hl`prbbgmbrf` qub f rbficmfmb suprb` suprb`ff gfl

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plmbrcf sbr u`f f a tr~ r rfgmc k tr.\ t • qub p l sf br ã `btfjc C f ` gt~ tbgub, u ` Sb u ia jfitf pbrslgficm mb. Bstæ i g . 656 qub M u brm mbcrl gèl plmb sbr u`f cmãc ¿ u` prcg àpc . Bib tb` m br u`f pbsslf. F pscqub jb`cgcgf ã ` c b g àvbi p c`pbsslfi. Fs `uiabrbs rb b ` p c cgtuctcv cgtuctcv~ ~g6bgtb b` `uctf mbickbrfïèl plrqub ¿¿ bgtb` qub pb br g tèl gu` pftf`fr cgjcgct `bgtb upbrc r f m pbsslfcs. Vub fkcs`l a   bgtrb ug6 ¿¿mbcm.\ mb .. c` b fY b l Mbus pbsslfi m l Fgtc b m S ]b tf`bgt u` Mbus qub ã pfc b mu ub g fmSbrtb b qufgml g uc g6uiabr s fi ~fg f` `fcs u`f ` u 6 t jà c cm g b rbspbctf f ac r \ rquc g\ gtbs. mfs b c f br cm8 mf L Mbu rmfm r c6 ¿ - mb mfr fi`f b f `uia cmf vcmf cgtuctc, ` g r r gt ¿ A æ u` mcærcf . B f j c a N ` ¿ c ã grr qu qufgm a gr u k k b` ptf 6 v r ` g r -ug6-.cR6i, ':= \

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tcvcmfmb jb`cgcgf ' , hl`l vc`ls, bx `picjchfml mb u`f `fgbcrf þgchf. ib tb` sbu hià`fx gfs pfifvrfs mf kbgmc tf Zcro ` qub mcz u` sc`pibs c` å ljbrtf mcvcgf4 bif gèl jfz'' gfmf gfmf,, `fs sc`pibs`bgtb mc mcz> z> jfïf- b b` `c` sbougml f Zlssf pfifvrf . Ilol fpøs prlgughcfr bs f pfifvrfs, bif hlghbkbu l Xfivfmlr ml `ugml gl `cstãrcl mb sbu fkbgïlfml vbgtrb. Bif hfrrbolu gl tb`pil mb sbus øroèls jb`cgcgls l [bc ml Rgcvbrsl, Fqubib qub gb` ugcvbrsl cgtbcrl ã hfpf hfpfzz mb hlgtbr. hlgtbr. Hl`l l pfpbi ml pfc ã c`plrtfgtb, gtb, fs `uiabrbs `uiabrbs sèl haf`fmfs f hlifklrfr mb tèl c`plrtf u`f `fgbcrf `uctl bspbhcfi bspbhcfi hl` Mbus gf hrcfïèl mb glvls sbrbs au`fgls, qub sèl h'lgvcmfmls f sbrvc-Il gbstf vcmf b mbsjrutfr mb Xuf prbsbgïf btbrgf gl hãu. [bhbptcvcmfmb ã u`f hftbolrcf rbicoclsf plr bxhbiîghcf. F hafvb pfrf f sfg sfgtcmf tcmfmb mb ã mbcxf mbcxfr-sb r-sb rbjlr`f rbjlr`frr hl`pibtf`bgtb pbif orfïf mcvcgf, ã mczbr pfrf Mbus> jfz hl`col fqucil qub qucsbrbs . @frcf mcssb fls sbrvls gfs klmfss mb Hfgæ klmf Hfgæ>> jfzbc tuml l qub Bib vls mcssbr . cs l hf`cgal pfrf f sfgtcmfmb. Hl`l bssf hfrfhtbràstchf hf rfhtbràstchf ã tèl tèl hruhcfi gf vcmf rbicoclsf, bif bxpichf plr qub f icturocf haf`f fs `uiabrbs mb l sbxl pcl . Bgqufgtl fs `u `u-iabrbs sb `fgtcvbrb` jcãcs f sbu haf`fml rbicoclsl , l `ugml bstfræ f sfivl. @fs f f`bfïf qub folrf gls hbrhf ã prbhcsf`bgtb bssf rbvlitf `btfjàschf mb jb`cgcstfs qub pbrmbrf` tltfi`bgtb l sbgtcml mb sufs vlhfïòbs, plrqub ~hfrf` hbofs f l slkrbgfturfi. G f vcrfmf ml sãhuil, f fhfmb`cf jrfghbsf ljbrbhbu

u` prî`cl pfrf fqubib qub `bialr rbsplgmbssb å sboucgtb qubstèl> Ulr qub aæ `fcs al`bgs qub `uiabrbs gfs prcsòbs< . L prî`cl jlc hlghbmcml f u`f pbsslf qub bshrbvbu> plrqub aæ `fcs `uiabrbs qub al`bgs gfs corbnfs . Ã tbrràvbi, plcs, pbgsfr gf plssckcicmfmb mb qub sbxl pcl plssf mbcxfr-sb hlgvbghbr mb qub f lrfïèl ã pfrf ls jrfhls b cghl`pbtbgtbs, b gèl jfz sbgtcml pfrf

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ifvrfs gf klhf mb suf abrlà ifvrfs a brlàgf> gf> T .. P ls al`bgs tî` pãssc`l aækctl mb sb bgvbrolgafr mb sbus hlrfïòbs. Bssb ã u` jfisl lrouial. Xbrcf `bialr qub sb bgvbrolgafssb mb sbu sbuss cgtbib cgtbibhtls htls - bi bibs bs sb mbsbghf`cgaf` hl` ` f c > jrbqùîghcf \ 6= 6 F qubstèl ã qu~ glssl hlrfïèl mb jftl ã vuigbrævbi b, bxftf`bgtb plr cssl, bib jfz hl` qub gls mb`ls hlgtf mb glssf jrfqubzf, l qub ã rbpuogfgtb pfrf lrouial `fshuicgl. Jlc l hlrfïèl mb Hrcstl Hr cstl qub lc trbspfssfml pbif ifgïf m l slimfml. Hl`l gls glssls sls sbgt sbgtc`bg c`bgtls tls bspcrctufcs vî` mb glssl hlrfïèl b l hlrfïèl ml al`b` prbhcsf sbr hlgvbrtcml mb hlrfïèl mb pbmrf f hlrfïèl mb hfrgb, jchf hifrl qub f purcjchfïèl m l sbgtc`bgtl bspcrctufi ã hruhcf hruhcfii gl prlhbssl mb sfgtcjchfïèl m l al`b`. 6= ; f fjbtcvcmfmb) sc`kliczf f L hlrfïèl ( fkbrgæhuil mVufgml pbsslf b` suf cgtborficmfmb. fiouã` sb bgf`lrf, mcz å pbsslf f`fmf> b u iab mlu `bu hlrfïèl . Xbrcf bstrfgal sb mcssbssb b u iab mlu `bu cgtbibhtl, lu `cgaf vlgtfmb, lu `cgaf `b`ørcf' . Bstæ bshrctl gf Kàkicf> Mæ Mæ-` b tbu hlrfïèl . 6=8 @fs tf`kã` ã vbrmfmb qub l hlrfïèl au`fgl plmb bghfrgfr pbrvbrscmfmb b hlrrupïèl. 6== Ã plr cssl qub bib sc`kliczf l `bialr b l pclr gl al`b`. F lrfïèl mcærcf ml al`b` mbvbrcf sbr> jfzbc `bu hlrfïèl sb`biafgtb sb`biafgtb fl Zlssl . Gls sfgtls b sækcls, cgtbibhtl,

vlgtfmb b hlrfïèl hlrf ïèl bstèl hl`p hl`pibtf ibtf`bgt `bgtbb pu purc rcjc jchf hfml mls. s. F glkrbzf mls sbgtc`bgtls rbtls b suf c`plrtëghcf gf vcmf bspcrctufi ã ciustrfmf mb `fgbcrf cgtbgsf gfs futl-kclorfjcfs mb Xfgtf ]brbsf mb Ævcif b Xfgtf ]brbsf mb Icsc Ic scbu bux. x. Bi Bifs fs usf` f pfif pfifvrf vrf sbg sbgtc` tc`bgt bgtll hl hl` ` kfstfgtb jrbqùîghcf b, gl bgtfgtl, jbicz`bgtb gcgouã` fcgmf luslu fhusæ-ifs mb suknbtcvcs`l l u ciusclgcs`l. Vufgml pbrougtfmf plr sbu hlgjbsslr hl`l sfkcf mf prbsbgïf mb Cvfgg Olghafrlv, Cvf Olgh afrlv, Lkil`lv Glvf Slrd> Muttlg, 63:5, p. ;5= . 6=; Bz 66, 634 8:, ;:. 6=8 Ur ;8, ;:. 6== N r 6?,3. =

 

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gls fkbgïllu hl` u`f if hlrfïèl vcmf rbicoclsf4 bif mb mfcgaf mglf Xforfml Hlrfïèl Nbsus. Gèl aæ gbgau`f ifmfcgaf mbmchfmf f l mc cgl cgtbibhtl l u å mcvcgf vlgtfmb. Vufgml Hrcstl, g f folgcf, mcssb tbgal sbmb , l Xfgtl bstfvf sbmbgtl mb glssl f`lr. L hlrfïèl ã lgmb l f`lr rbscmb. L hlrfïèl prbhcsf sbr cgmchfml b f `bialr jlr`f sbgtc`bgtls ls væicmls b cgvæ mb jfzî-il ã mcstcgoucgml bgtrb sbgtc`bgt icmls, iboàtc`ls b ciboàtc`ls, sbgtc`bgtls kftczfmls b gèl kftczfmls . F jfiaf b` mcshrc`cgæ-ils cgbvctfvbi`bgtb ibvf fl rbkfcxf`bgtl mbstb rchl hf`pl mf bxpbrcîghcf

au`fgf b tbræ u ` bjbctl gboftcvl gfs `uiabrbs, qub, trf mchclgfi`bgtb, sèl haf`fmfs mb l hlrfïèl mf jf`àicf . Fs bxpbrcîghcfs rbicoclsfs b au`fgfs `fcs orfgmcl sfs b prljugmfs rbifhclgf`-sb fl hlrfïèl. Ã glssl hl rfïèl qub gls tlrgf vuigbrævbcs. L hlrfïèl m l Xfivfmlr jlc bs`fofml plr glssls pbhfmls .6=? Ã l hlrfïèl qub f`f, qub ã `csbrchlrmc `csbrchlrmclsl, lsl, qub tb` hl`pfcxèl, hl`pfc xèl, qub sbgtb sbgtb Xfgtf ]brbsf mb Ævcif, ckcm. hfpàtuil xxvg xxvg   = : Gèl aæ mþvcmf mb qub Mcbrrcha Mcbrrcha vlg Acimbkrfgm Acimbkr fgm ã u` mls orfgmbs ~f~fmcgl~

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hlgtrcïèl, qub if`. if`.bgtf ls pbhfmls,\ qub ã jbrcml pbif Ubrvbrscmfmb. L hlrfïèl mb Xèl Jrfghcshl fgorfvf "plr "plrqu qu à b m l hlrfïfl qub ljrb 5 F`lr brf tèl pluhl f`f l . hl` L f`fml b jchfrcf jbicz b ` sljrbr pbil f`fml. rc tl mcz-gls qub ã `fgsl b au`cimb mb hlrfïèl . F lrcbgtfïèl bspcrctufi kushf purcjchfr l cgtbibhtl ml al`b` b ibvæ-il f u` hlgabhc`bgtl m f vbrmfmb fcgmf `fclr b `fcs prljugml4 kushf jlrtcjchfr f vlgtfmb. @ f u`f lrcbgtfïèl bspcrctufi sbgsftf mbvbrcf `lstrfr orfgmb prblhupfïèl gèl sø b` bic`cgfr ls sbgtc`bgtls ciboàtc`ls, `fs tf`kã` b ` jfzbr jilrbshbr ls sbgtc`bgtls glkrbs, sukic`bs b obgbrlsls gu` hlrfïèl purl. F tbrgurf mb `uctls orfgmbs sfgtls m l sbxl `fshuicgl ã prlvf mb qub f sfgtcmfmb trfz hlgscol u`f trfgsjlr`fïèl ml hlrfïèl. Ib`krb`ls, plr bxb bxb`pil `pil,, Xèl Kbrgfrml b su suf al`cicf slkrb f `lrtb mb sbu f`fml cr`èl, Obrfrm> "@lrtb hrubi Fl ibvfr u`, `ftfstb mlcs4 plcs f vcmf qub f ` ` ã mbcxfmf pbsf-`b `fcs qub f `lrtb .6=1 Xèl Jrfghcshl mb Xfibs tf`kã` vb` å `bgtb> sufs cgu`brævbcs hfrtfs bxprbssf` u`f mlïurf fm`crfvbi`bgtb hl`kcgfmf f u`f sfgtf vcrcicmfmb. Bssbs sfgtls, lkrfs prc`fs mf orfïf mcvcgf, hl`kcgf` tlmfs fs orfgmbs vcrtumbs `fshuicgfs å mlhcicmfmb jb`cgcgf. Orfgmbs sfgtfs ml sbxl jb`cgcgl b`klrf `fgtbgml l pbrju`b m f mlhcicmfmb jb`cgcgf tf`kã` pumbrf` `lstrfr u`f jlrïf b hlrfob` qub slhclilocf obrfi`bgtb rbsbrvf f l sbxl `fshuicgl. B tàpchl ml slkrbgfturfi qub qufic quficmfmbs mfmbs fpf fpfrbg rbgtb` tb`bgt bgtbb tèl hlgtrfmctørcfs plssf` sbr afr`lgclsf`bgtb ugcmfs.

Fiouã` plmbrcf fjcr`fr qub f cgjbrclrcmfmb `btfjàschf sc hf mls sbgtc`bgtls ã hifrf`bgtb hl`prlvfmf pbil j itl mb qub l hlrpl bstæ bgvlivcml hl` bibs (plr bxb`U l glssl hlrfïfl - k ftb `fcs . rfp6.m l qufg m l bxp brc`bgrf`ls 6=1 [ftcsklggb, lp hct. p. ;;2.

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`bgtficmfmb hrc tè. Mb mb l cgàhcl, l hrc tcfgc `l iutlu hlgtrf hlg trf tlmf jlr`f mb mb oglstc oglstchcs` hcs`l l - b b brrl rbhlrrbgtb mb mb mbssprbzfr f hfrgb, gfshcmf mf slkbrkf. Ulcs l Zbrkl `bs`l sb jbz hfrgb. B mbsmb qub l `fclr bvbgtl mf acs ac s tørcf lhlrrbu, bstæ hifrl qub gèl mbvb`ls mbsprbzfr fs `fgcjbstfïòbs jàschfs mb prljugmfs bxpbrcîghcfs psàquchfs b bspc bspcrctu rctufcs. fcs. Bss Bssff vbrmfmb vbr mfmb tf` kã kã` ` bstæ bxprbssf gl g l Hëg Hëg  tchl mls Hëgtchls> stcpftb ` `fics qucf f`frb ifgoubl ifgoubl (rbvcolrb`-`b hl` `fïès, plcs bstlu bstlu mlbgtb mb f`lr).   =3 L al`b` ã u`f ugcèl mb hlrpl b fi`f4 b, fssc` hl`l l hlrpl pfrtchcpfræ g kbftctumb lu gf mfgfïèl ml al`b`, fl ilgol mbstf vcmf tbrrbg tbr rbgf, f, bib bib bspbiaf bspbiaf fs fs bxpbrcîghcfs mf fi`f. Ilgob mb sbr u` cgmàhcl mb cgjbrclrcmfmb, f icofïèl bgtrb hlrpl b b`lïèl bvcmbghcf l prljugml bil bgtrb l hlrpl b f fi`f ml m l al`b`. al` b`. F `fc `fcss plmbrlsf plmbr lsf `fgcjbstfïèl mf ugcèl bgtrb fi`f b hlrpl ã bghlgtrfmf gl jbgý`bgl mls bstco`fs. bstco`fs. Mb jftl, ã plssàvb plssàvbii fihfgïfr fihfg ïfr f sfgtcm sfgtcmfmb fmb sb` rbhbkbr fs jbrcmfs mb Glssl Xbgalr. @fs aæ hfsls hl` prlvfmls b` qub l hlrpl mb u` al`b` (lu `uiabr) pfr tcialu tlrturfs qub Hrcstl sljrbu qufgmlbgtrb hruhcjchfml, gu`f mfs plmbrlsf bxprbssèl tfgtl mf ugcèl hlrpl b fi`f qufgtl mf rbifïèl qub bxcstb bgtrb l f`lr frmbgtb mb u`f hrcfturf plr sbu Hrcfmlr b suf orftf pfrtchcpfïèl gf c`bgscmfmb mb Xufs mlrbs. Xèl Kbgtl hl`prbbgmbu bssf ugcèl tèl prljugmf `bgtb, qub, b` suf [borf, bib cgscstcf b` bgjftczfr f c` plrtëghcf mb u`f plsturf hlrplrfi rbvbrbgtb gf vcmf rbicoclsf. Jfz mcjbrbgïf bstfr fnlbiafml lu mb pã, hurvfr-sb lu gèl, sbgtfr-sb hl` fs hlstfs brbtfs lu mbcxfr   sb ibvfr pbif ibc mf orfvcmfmb . R`f mfs hlcsfs if`bgtævbcs qub 6=3 Ht ;, 2 .

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Mbjbsf `fogàjchf ml hlrpl b m f glkrbzf mb suf rbifïèl hl` ls sbgtc`bgtls bghlgtrf-sb g l jftl prljugml m f [bssurrbcïèl. Vuèl prljugmf`bgtb hrcstèl ã l mlo`f m f rbssurrbcïèl mls hlrpls Xbr au`fgl ã sbr u`f pb slf bghfrgfmf gu` hlrpl. Gfmf `fcs nustl b fprlprcfm qub bssb hl`pfgabcrl b ` glssf vcmf tbrrbgf pfrtciab mf

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@frcml b `uiabr sèl haf`fmls f hlifklrfr hl` Mbus gf hrcfïèl mb u ` lutrl sbr au`fgl. @ f bib prb hcsf` sb ib`krfr mb qub, sbgml hrcfturfs, bibs ø plmb` prlhrcfr , gè gèl l hrcfr. Xb l hlrpl ml `frcml gèl tcvbr bs pbr`ftlzøcmbs vcvls, sb l hlrpl mf `uiabr gèl tcvbr øvu  ils, l prlhbssl mb jbrtciczfïèl gèl plmbræ lhlrrbr. Hbrtf `ftãrcf prã-bxcstbgtb gèl ã sø gbhbssærcf, `fs bssbghcfi pfrf qub f prlhrcfïèl sb rbficzb. Mbus slzcgal plmb hrcfr f fi`f, `fs bif gèl plmb sb lrcocgfr mb fpbgfs u` mls pfcs. F fi`f gèl ã jbctf mb gbgau`f `ftãrcf prã-bx prã-bxcstbg cstbg tb Bif ã u`f hrcfïèl hrcfï èl tltfi`b tlt fi`bgtb gtb glvf. L s sbrbs au`fgls gèl gè l sèl sèl hfpfzbs hfpfzbs mb prlmuzc prl muzcrr fiol f pfr tcr ml gfmf. g fmf. L pfpbi bspbhcfi mfml å `uiabr gf prlhrcfïèl, hl`l næ jlc mctl fgtbrclr`bgtb, ã rbfiïfml pbil jftl mb qub, ilol qub bif hlghbkb (b (b f hlghbpïèl lhlrrb alrfs mbplcs ml fkrfïl `frctfi), Mbus hrcf f fi`f mf glvf hrcfgïf gl hlrpl mbif. Cssl c`pichf u` hlgtftl mcrbtl bgtrb Bib b f juturf `èb, u ` hlgtftl b` qub l pfc gèl mbsb` pbgaf pfpbi fiou`. Bssb hlgtftl mæ fl hlrpl jb`cgcgl u`f gltf mb sfhrficmfmb, plcs qufiqubr prlxc`cmfmb bg trb Mbus b u`f mb sufs hrcfturfs ã `frhfmf plr sbu Xbil Xforfml. Bssb tlqub mcvcgl ã glvf`bgtb u` prcvciãocl bxhiuscvf`bgtb jb`cgcgl qub tlmf `uiabr orævcmf mbvb rbhlgabhbr hl` orftcmèl. Xb f bmuhfïèl sbxufi b` glssfs bshlifs sb fkstcvbssb mb jfifr slkrb pbrvbrsòbs `lrfcs b mb bxplr u`f bglr`c mfmb mb `ãtlmls frtcjchcfcs mb hlgtrlib mb gftficmfmb b, fl cgvãs mcssl, bgscgfssb bssfs sukic`bs vbrmfmbs hftøichfs, f hfstcmfmb tlrgfrcf f sbr pfrf ls nlvbgs l jfrli iu`cgl sl qub jlc plr sãhuils, qufgml f vcmf hftøichf brf fcgmf vckrfgtb.

L pfrtl ã tf`kã` u` fhlgtbhc`bgtl qub olzf mbsfhrficmfmb. B`klrf fs mlrbs folgczfgtbs qub `uctfs `u iabrbs suplrtf` sbnf` u`f tbrràvbi hlgsbqùîghcf ml pb hfml lrcocgfi, lrcoc gfi, f kbibzf m l bgscgf bgscgf`bgtl `bgtl mf Co Corb rbnf nf Hftøichf

656  

  I C H BZ L G A t I M B K [

GM

mbcxg hifrl qub sbus bsjlrïls j `cgcgls b sbus orctls mb folgcf qub prb bmbg6 f habofmf f l `ugml mb lutrf pbsslf aug6fgf tî` ug6 prljugml sbgtcml sc`køichl. Fssc` hl`l Hrcstl sljrbu fs mlrbs folgczfgtbs m f hruhcjcxèl pfrf rbfkrcr fs plrtfs mls hãus pfrf gøs, fssc` tf`kã` f `uiabr rbhbkbu l rchl prcvciãocl mb sljrbr pfrf qub lutrf hrcfgïf jbctf å c`fob` b sb`biafgïf mb Mbus plssf bgtrfr g l `ugml. Gu` hlgtbxtl sc`cifr, Habstbrtlg bshrbvb> Gcgouã` qub hlgtb`pib hlgt b`pib l vficlsl prcvciãocl prcvciãocl mf `uiabr `uiabr hlgsboucræ hlgsbo ucræ fhrbmctfr gf coufimfm coufimfmbb mls sbxls . 621 Murfgtb f obstfïèl, f juturf `èb hfrrbof, gf vbrmfmb, mufs fi`fs b` sc> f suf prøprcf b f ml kbkî. Habstbrtlg mbvcf tbr fiol sc`cifr b` `bgtb qufgml bshrbvbu qub gfmf nf`fcs hlgsboucræ supbrfr bssf trb`bgmf supbrclrcmfmb mb sbxl qub jfz hl` qub ftã l kbkî ml sbxl `fshuic `f shuicgl gl gfsïf `fcs `fcs 6 23 pbrtl mf `èb qub qub ml pfc .

Glssf `fclr prblhupfïèl f l ilgol mbstb icvrl tb` scml bic`cgfr l prbhlghbctl mb rfàzbs prljugmfs qub fjcr `f tlif`bgtb qub tlmf f trfmcïèl numfchl-hrcs numfchl-hrcstè tè - b `uc t l pfrtchuifr`bgtb f Corb Corbnf nf Hftøichf - vb vb` ` mcshrc mcshrc`cg `cgfgm fgml l fs `uiabrbs. @fs f `àmcf tb` sb `lstrfml tèl bjchcbgtb b` prlpfofr bssb glvl bvfgobial , qub `uctfs jrbcrfs fkfgmlgfrf` ls hlgvbgtls b cgorbssfrf` gl bxãrhctl cg jbicz mfs `uiabrbs hunf vlhfïèl ã iutfr hl hlgt gtrf rf l sb sbxc xcs s ` l - u ` glvl pbhfm pbhfml l hfpctfi, hfpctf i, rbhbgtb`bgtb mbshlkbr mbshlkbrtl tl - qu qub, b, fls lia lials ls mbi mbifs fs,, ã tèl orfvb qub lutrfs ljbgsfs f Mbus pfrbhb` `cgþshuifs mcfgtb mbib. Fkbrrfïòbs træoc hfs hl`l bssf sø sèl plssàvbcs b` fi`fs hunl sbgsl ml slkrbgfturfi jlc pbrvbrtcml, l u `bialr, mbstruàml.

621 Habstbrtlg lp hct. p. 63;.

623 ikcm. p. 8.

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sbu hl`pfgabcrl m l sbxl `fshuicgl. G l gàvbi frtàstchl, cssl sb bxprbssf fm`crfvbi`bgtb b` u`f mfs `fcs orfgmclsfs pcgturfs, f @lgf Icsf mb Iblgfrml m f Zcghc. Ulmb-sb liafr pfrf bssf lkrf mb frtb plr alrfs4 qufgtl `fcs sb liaf, `fcs sb sbgtb l `cstãrcl qub bssf prbsbgïf jb`cgcgf crrfmcf. Ã cghlghbkàvbi qub u ` rbtrftl mb u` al`b` sbnf hfpfz mb bxprbssfr vcscvbi`bgtb u`f prljugmcmfmb tèl c`pbrshru tævbi. Ulr bssf rfzèl ls al`bgs sb`prb rbhif`f` qub gèl hlgsboub` bgtbgmbr f p hab jb`cgcgf ' . Ulr sbrb` `fcs icgbfrb ' ucfml p if hlgscmbrfïòbs rfhcl@RIAB[

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gfcs, `bgl ` g gtr pr rc gu` f` fprbgmbr fprb gmbr f trfgshbgmbr f c` ` hl`ugaèl prljugmf hl` f `uia `uia r t `kã `kã` ` prbhcsf` mb c`ci r p rf l`prbbgmbrb` f u` ftl m tr g psyhab `f ` f uicg   ` r 6 pr vfvbi`bgtb `bgls mcjàhci jfz 6 . F `uia r p r g tur zf, `fcs rbhbptcvf, `fcs ftbgtf f . 6 r ` `fc jfhcicmfmb b` sbg sbgtcr tcr b`pftcf ` rg iu r ml lutrls. Ulr bssf rfzèl ã prlprcfml jfifr ml `cstãrcl mf jb`cgcicmfmb . Bssb `cstãrcl ã sc`kliczfml, hl`l vc`ls, pbil vãu4 b bssf plmb sbr u`f mfs rfzòbs pbifs qufcs Xèl Ufuil rbhl`bgmlu qub fs hfkbïfs mfs `uiabrbs jlssb` hlkbrtfs gf corbnf. Ã if`bgtævbi qub bssb hlstu`b mb sbg tcml tc ml tèl prljugml - qub, ilg ilgob ob mb mb rbkfcxfr fs fs `uiabr `uiabrbs, bs, hl`l fs jb`cgcstfs rbpbtb` f m gfusbf`, brf u`f `f gbcrf mb algræ-ifs - tbgaf scml fkfgmlgfml mbplcs m l Zftchfgl 66 `uctl b`klrf l jc` ml usl m l vãu gèl tbgaf scml mb `lml fiou` u`f b}hcoîghcf ml Hlghàicl. Mcssb`ls qub ls øroèls rbprlmutcvls mf `uiabr bs F

gèl sèl bxtbrclrbs , tèl bshlgmcmls b` sbu hlrpl4 bibs gèl sèl vcsàvbcs. Ulr bssfs `uctfs rfzòbs, ã nustcjchfml mczb mc zbrr qub l sbou sbougml gml sbx sbxll bstæ bgvlivcml b` `cstãrc `cstãrcl4 l4

658  

FICHB ZLG A C I M B K [

L

qufgml fs `uiabrbs rbvbif` l `c tãrcl

lgjcfml f bif , bifs jbrb` gèl sø f sc `bs`fs, `fs f slbc mfmb b` obrfY, b `uctl bspbhcfi`bgtb f Corbnf. Fpfvlrl f mbhfm mbhfm   ghcf sbxufi qub tbstb`ugaf`ls f l ilgol mls þitc`ls qufrbgtf fgls plmb sbr ftrckuàmf, fl `bgls b ` pfrtb å tbgtftcvf scstb`ætchf m l `ugml mf `lmf mb brrfmchfr gfs ofrl tfs l sforfml fhfgaf`bgtl ' qub ã f rbf è l fprlp rcfmf qub fs `uiabrbs mbvbrcf` tbr g l qub mcz r pbctl fl qub ã pbsslfi, àgtc`l b prbhc f br bifml. tcr- b `lmbs tf`bgtb ã f rbspl t f fprlprc m q u f `uia rb mbvbrcf` mfr f bs b `lmfs i ic r m trucr gf `uiabr f ml mcf è l tlmf m u pr , prcl xl. hfpfhcmfm m p r cm gt gtfc fc fgmf gml Vub prljugm trc t plr fà p r tc `pfrfr`l hl` f jlr` f ` uY`fgf v t `sb, hl` ` , ` mþvcmf, f iou`f   ic `bgt u m fm gtb hl` l lkn tc m ` `cgcgf. 6: L bstfml m gl f c h vcm ghcf l sboucgtb gt g jftl> qufgm `uia r - `fc hfpfzbs mb bgrukbshbr,, c ~ l ¿ u ` p r ¿ c m q u b f lhc lhcbmfm bmfmbb bst bstææ å kbcrf mb u ` lifp

`lrfi. F `uiabrb tî` orfgmb pfrtb

m f huipf, plcs bstèl trfcgml

uf `cssèl au`fgf b `lrfi.

Vufgml f s `uiabrbs sèl purfs, l s al`bgs fs rbspbctf`, b `fcs, fs vbgbrf`4 b bifs l s ibvf` f luvcr l haf`fml qub l s mbsfjcf f vcvbr f hfstcmfmb.

F bmuhfïèl g f `lmãstcf mbvb hl`bïfr mbsmb hbm~ @bgcgfs fcgmf pbqubgfs mbvb` sbr, pluhl f pluhl, trbc gfmfs f rbspbctfr sbus hlrpls. Xèl Kbgtl hl`prbbgmcf prljugmf`bgtb l s bjbctls qub f plsturf hlrplrfi tb` sl krb f fi`f. Cssl cghiuc l `lml mb sb vbstcr, l `lml

b sb

fssbgtfr, gèl hruzfr f s pbrgfs m b u`f `fgbcrf qub plssf

6:5 Hlgorbssclgfi [bhlrm Zliu`b 668, 63: ?, p. ;11=1-;11=3.

6 =  

sbr ljbg c f gè tcr alrt qu `k rf f pfrf u6g alg6b6g plmb` `cgfr r p ctl `cgcg

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v c p il

`cstãrcl mb sbu hlrpl pb f C pfrf à gltæ bi qub bgqufgtl aæ ` c fpøstlils, pfpfs kcspls hlgj sslrb fkfmb `ærtcrb pfrf `uiabrbs aæ fpbgfs mufs hftbolrcfs> `cs f pfrf vcrobgs b gèl vcrobgs4 g6ærtcrbs b gèl `ærtcrbs. F Xfgtf Bsplsf mb Hrcstl mbmchf u`f icturocf bspb bspbhcfi hcfi ås vcrobg . Lrf, gèl bxcstb prcvciãocl sc`cifr pfrf ls sfhbrmltbs hbickftærcls. Fl jfzî-il, f Corbnf hlgjbssf f mcogcmfmb bspbhcfi qub Mbus bshliabu mfr ås `uiabrbs. Cssl pfrbhb cgmchf cgm chfrr qub f vcrocgm vcrocgmfmb fmb mcjbrb ml hbickftl. B`klrf tfgtl l hbickftl qufgtl f vcrocgmfmb sc`kliczb` u`f futl-ml fïèl tltfi f Mbus, f vcrocgmfmb trfz u`f vcrtumb fmchcl gfi> f hlgsforfïèl mb u` øroèl f sfkbr, l vbgtrb jb`c gcgl) qub, pbif cgjcgctf `csbrchørmcf mb Mbus, fkrcolu l Mbus-al`b` plr glvb `bsbs. Vub` sfkb l jftl mb ls øroèlss jb`cgcgls bstfrb` lhuitfmls plr ug6 vãu jlssb u ` øroèl prbssæo prb ssæocl cl mb mb qub, gls pif pifgls gls mb Mbus, u` vbgtrb jb`cgcgl afvbrcf mb bshlgmbr l [bc mf Oiørcf, Fqubib qub l ugc vbrsl cgtbcrl ã cghfpfz mb hlgtbr < Xb fs ofrltcgafs jlssb` cgjlr`fmfs ml orfgmb `cs

tãrcl tãrc l f bifs bifs hlgjcfml, suf purbzf bstfrcf ofrfgtcm of rfgtcmf. f. F prø prcf rbvbrîghcf qub bifs tbrcf` pfrf hl` sbus prøprcls hlrpls sbrcf cgbvctfvbi`bgtb pbrhbkcmf pbil lutrl sbxl. Ls al`bgs sèl tfibgtlsls gf frtb mb ibr f icgoufob` hlr plrfi mfs `uiabrbs, b ã c`prlvævbi qub bibs frrcshfssb` sbr au`ciafmls sb f rbhusf jlssb hbrtf. Fl pbrhbkbr f `l mãstcf mfs `uiabrbs, bibs, fprlvbctfgml f mchf, fklrmf rcf` l sbxl jb`cgcgl hl` rbvbrîghcf, fl cgvãs mb jfzî-il hl` bstf crrbvbrîghcf krutfi mb alnb, qub mbsbghfmbcf iu xþrcf b c`purbzf.

652  

u` cg tcgtl bxufi tb`

g.bhbsscm bhbsscm m jrbqùbgtb`bgtb r prc`c-i p b

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rb p gm r utf`qu l t m f lg m tcpl. r qu gf crf qu gt

trfm f u`

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l f`lr gtcml pbrq u i q u ø hlgsb mcj r gïf rfmchfi m v rcf jchfr hifrf hl` l jftl m qub g l l lutrf pbs l f tæ bgvlivcmf. F hl`cmf ã cgfgc`fmf f kbkcmf tf`kã`. @fs gl sbxl l al`b` tb` u`f pfrhbcrf b bssf pfrhbcrf, sbgml u`f pbsslf jbctf å c`fob` b sb`biafgïf mb Mbus, mbvb sbr trftfmf hl` rbvbrîg cf. Vufgtfs pbsslfs æ tbr`cgfrf~ jbrcmfss - ås vbz vbzbs bs pbif pbif vcm vcmff tlmf - mbplcs prljugmf`bgtb jbrcmf sbgml ml usfmfs Gøs usf`lsª m b mbshlkrcrb` qub bstfvf` sbg hl`cmf pfrf sftcsjfzbr f jl`b, kbkb`ls æouf pfrf `ftfr 6:6

f

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pàruil 6 p. 8.

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f sbmb, hlgshcbgtbs m l jftl m b qub b b lknbtl cgfgc`f mls bstèl f glssl sbrvcïl4 bibs b tèl f à pfrf g ' . F æouf gèl ã f`fmf plr sc `bs`f¿ bif ã u` `bcl pfrf ftc j zbr u`f gbhbsscmfmb. @fs lutrl sbr au`fgl, hl`l Dfgt hifrf`bgtb bxprbsslu, nf`fcs mbvbrcf b r u fml hl`l u` `bcl. 6:; Ulr hfusf m b suf mcogcmfmb hl`l p b lf, l pfr

hbcrl mbvbrcf sbr trftfml hl` rbvbrîghcf. Bib gèl ã u`f jbrrf`bgtf4 gèl ã u ` krcgqubml qub mæ prfzbr. Hl` b f sc`pibs hlgscmbrfïèl, næ plmb`ls hl`prbbgmbr f brcbmf mb m f bsjbrf bxufi. Fiã` mc

t , r fhclgfml f fiol qub ` k , g àgtc`l àgtc`l,, bib bib c`pichf g l Obgb c , 'Fmèl

gèl ã fpbgf u`f fut -r hlgabh B mb mczbr uqu Cf`m

U m gø t g m f è `btt` ftf`l g

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`f, bib bilqùbgtb r v u t -rbvbifïèl ø f m M u plc l, ' u`f futlu` hl`prlf å qufi gls ` trc`ýgcl.

Ulr suf sfhrficmfmb b prljugmcmfmb b plrqub f bsjbrf

sbxufi pbrtbghb f Mbus mb u`f `fgbcrf bspbhcfi, fkusfr mbif ã sb`prb fiol orfvb. Zbr f bsjbrf sbxufi hl`l m c vbrtcmf" ã u`f prljfgfïèl4 b sbu `fu usl (qufgml tlmfs fs hlgmcïòbs pfrf l pbhfml bstèl prbsbgtbs> pibgl hl hl gabhc`bgtl b pibgl hlgsbgtc`bgtl) hlgstctuc u` pbhfml `lrtfi qub gls sbpfrf rfmchfi`bgtb mb Mbus. Bs Bssf sf prljfgfïèl tlrgf-sb fcgmf `fcs bvcmbgtb qufgml rbhlrmf`ls qub bssf bsjbrf bstæ icofmf å prlhrcfïèl - bssf `cs `cstbr tbrcls clsff hlifklrfïèl bgtrb ls bsplsls b Mbus gf hrcfïèl mb u` :;

i``fgubi Dfgt Jugmf`bgtfi Urcghcpcbs l{ tab @btfpaysch l @lrfcs

Glvf Slrd> ]ab Ickrfry l j Ickbrfi Frbs, 63=3, p. =:.

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jbhugmcmfmb qub iab ã prøprcf ã pifgtfr f sb`bgtb qub plr jc` cræ mbstruà -il. Gèl ã plr fhcmbgtb qub l s hfsf`bgtls b` qub L usl m l hlgtrlib frtcjchcfi mb gftficmfmb ã hl`u` sèl fqubibs

lutrl

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qub hl` `fclr

jrfhfssf`. Fs pbsslfs jrbqùîghcf gèl hlgsboub` cvbr sb` u` `àgc`l mb hl`cmf b kbkcmf. Ã jftl qub fiougs `àstchls slkrb vcvbrf` fic`bgtfgml-sb sl`bgtb m f Xforfmf Buhfrcstcf f s bibs brf` fic`bgtfmls m b u`f `fgbcrf `ciforlsf. @fs ã u`f `bgtcrf mczbr qub sbrbs au`fgls tlrgf`-sb fibcnfmls qufgml gèl tb` u`f cmf sbxufi. Cgu`brævbcs sfgtls mb f`kls ls sb ' LX ib ¿ frf` cmfs hbickftærcfs lu `fgtcvbrf` ltl mb cr cgm m b tlmls bibs tcgaf` pbrslgficmfmbs rfmcfgt r ic z . m f ¿ `uctls mbibs vcvbrf` ftã f vbiach . i ` ` u f kuri h l b rcmàhuil sbrcf sb sukctf` gt u` Y ` qu p r fumævbi hfàssb `lrtl b l ` ' mc ut , p cf ml hfmævbr hlgjlrg6b c. c. ` t f mls - mbplcs mb fiou`fs a l r f m b qub f hfusf mf `lrtb jlrf f a ` l qub cssl gèl jfz cr cgm m m l g6àgc`l bgrcm . U r utrl ifml tlmls gøs hlgabhb`ls pbsslfs qub `lrrbr f ` nl nlvb vbgs gs plrqub fkusfrf` ml sbxl b hlgtrfàrf` mlbgïfs qub f c`pb c`pbrmlæ rmlævbi vbi gfturbz gfturbzff vcghu vcghuil iluu f bssfs fkbrrfïòbs. Næ `bghclgf`ls

6  Y

vbzbs qub tlml pbhfml trfz hlgscol suf pugcïèl. Fiã` m f plssckcicmfmb mb hlgtrfcr orfvbs mlbgïfs pbsslfs ifshcvfs nf`fcs bxpbrc`bgtfrèl f vbrmfmbcrf kbibzf mb u`f ugcèl sbxufi kfsbfmf gl f`lr `þtul b vcvcmf hl` rbspbctl. Bibs hbrtf`bgtb bxpbrc`bg tfrf` f vcliîghcf vbgbglsf mf pfcxèl b urgf cgtbgscmfm b m b prfzbr qub hl`l Uiftèl bshrbvbu aæ sãhuils, ~tf f fi`f f l hlrpl. 6:8 @fs f mlïurf mb urgf futl-mlfïfl, . 6:= fihfgïfmf hl` rbspbctl b trb`lr, bibs nf`fcs tbrfl. 6:8 Uiftèl, Jãmlg, xxx`.

værcfs

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Xfgtl Folstcgal, Hlgjcssòbs

6

6;.

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Bsfþ vbgmbu suf prc`lobgcturf plr u` prftl mb ibgtciafs. Cgmcvàmuls mbsfjlrtugfmls hl`l bib hlilhf` f vlrfhcmfmb fhc`f m l f`lr. Fss Fssc` c` hl`l Jrbum mbvltlu suf vcmf å bsjbrf sbxufi b gughf hlgsboucu hl`prbbgmbr sbu sbgtcml prljugml fs pbsslfs hunl mbus ã l sbxl nf`fcs bxpbrc`bgtfrèl l vbrmfmbcrl sbgtcml b kbibzf m l sbxl. Hl`l Fikb Fikbrcha rcha b` L Fgbi Fgb i mls Gckbiugol Gckb iugolss mb _f _fog ogbr br i s bxpbrc`bgtfrèl f iuxþrcf `fs hl`l pugcïèl gughf plmbrèl sbgtcr f mlïurf ml vbrmfmbcrl f`lr.

653

 

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