Algunas Caracteristicas de La Via y Material Rodante

 

JOLQ@J^ NJTJNRATK^RKNJ^ BA OJ YKJ. NC@^RTQNNKC@ NC@^RTQN NKC@ BA OJ YKJ. j)  Njfk`c ba rcbjburj astj nc`stktukbc pcr bcs pjrtas kfpcrtj`tas7 K@ITJA^RTQNRQTJ.   Rarrjpoa`as.   Xua`tas.   Jonj`tjrkoojs.   Rrk`nmarjs. ^QXATA^RTQNRQTJ ^QXATA^RTQ NRQTJ (c væj prcpkjfa`ta bknmj).   Tkaoas   Burfka`tas   Djojstc   Xojnjs   Drkbjs   Rkrjic`bcs •

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Tkaoas7 As ao aoafa`tc raskba`ta qua bkrantjfa`ta rankda ojs njrljs ba ojs ruabjs. Ocs njrrkoas nufpoa` ojs iu`nkc`as ba susta`tjnkþ` ba ojs njrljs, nc`bunnkþ` y lukjbc ba ojs fksfjs. Burfka`tas7 Nufpoa` oj iu`nkþ` ba fj`ta`ar ao aspjnkjfka`tc ba ojs rkaoas c saj ao j`nmc `crfjo ba oj væj. Djojstc7 Rka`a oj fkskþ` ba bkstrkdukr oc fjs u`kicrfafa`ta pcskdoa oj njrlj ba ocs tra`as scdra oj pojtjicrfj y jsalurjr oj rêpkbj avjnujnkþ` ba ojs jlujs pouvkjoas. YA@RJGJ^ BA RTCNMJ J@LC^RJ A@ ^Q ANC@CFKJ7

  Fa`cr fcvkfka`tc ba tkarrj nc` raojnkþ` j oj trcnmj j`nmj.   J`nmc fa`cr ba oj pojtjicrfj c k`irjastrunturj ska`bc nc`skluka`tafa`ta rabunkbc ocs tarrjpoa`as tarrjpoa `as y basfc`tas.   Anc`cfæj a` ojs cdrjs ba jrta7 pua`tas, jonj`tjrkooj, atn.   Fa`cr pasc y prankc ba ocs fjtarkjoas. rasksta`nkj j oj trjnnkþ` a` ojs nurvjs.   Fa`cr rasksta`nkj

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YA@RJGJ^ BA OJ RTCNMJ J@NMJ

       

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Fjycr njpjnkbjb ba trjdjgc. Fjycr vaocnkbjb. Ocncfctcrj ba fjycr pcta`nkj, ncnma y vjlc`as ba fjycr njpjnkbjb ba trj`spcrta. Fagcr axpoctjnkþ`(tkafpc fa`cr ba nkrnuojnkþ`).

XA@BKA@RA^ ^a jnc`sagj :% parc sa jbfkta mjstj ao vjocr ba 4% y 4.1%. Mjy axnapnkc`as ncfc pcr agafpoc a` ao Drjsko nc` >%, ncfc a` ^ukzj nc` ao 2.=% y a` Joafj`kj mjstj ao 1 1%. %.

 

A` astcs ÷otkfcs njscs, oj ocncfctcrj afpugj pcr batrês ocs vjlc`as nc` u`j vaocnkbjb ba 1 j :1 ef/mcrj. NJTJNRATK^RKNJ^ A^A@NKJOA^ A^A@NKJOA^ BA OJ YKJ. A` u`j væj iarrcvkjrkj sus njrjntaræstknjs sc`7 Tasksta`nkj, ioaxkdkokbjb y nc`tk`ukbjb. j)  Tasksta`nkj. As fuy kfpcrtj`ta j ik` ba qua oj væj `c jbqukarj baicrfjnkc`as parfj`a`tas prc`u`nkjbjs, `k a` poj`tj `k a` pariko, jo pjsc ba ojs a`crfas njrljs qua bada` scpcrtjr nc`stj`tafa`ta. d)  Ioaxkdkokbjb c aojstknkbjb. Nc`trjbkntcrkj Nc`trjbkntcrkj a` nkartc fcbc j oj nc`bknkþ` j`tarkcr, barkvj ba oj `anaskbjb ba qua oj væj `c nc`stktuyj u` nc`gu`tc rklurcsjfa`ta k`baicrfjdoa k`baicrfjdoa,, puas sk jsæ iuarj sa prcbugasa` rajnnkc`as djstj`tas vkcoa`tjs y pargubknkjoas jo pjsc bao fjtarkjo fþvko. Jquæ a`nc`trjfcs bkiara`nkjs nc` raojnkþ` j ojs o js njrratarjs, a` ojs nujoas oj suparastrunturj puaba sk` fjycr k`nc`va`ka`ta, sar pariantjfa`ta rælkbjs pcrqua ojs ooj`tjs pcrqua ojs ooj`tjs qua nkrnuoj scdra aooj sc` aoêstknjs a` njfdkc a` ojs iarrcvæjs ojs ruabjs sc` rælkbjs y ao pasc ba ocs agas iuartafa`ta njrljbcs y j lrj` vaocnkbjb prcbunkræj lrj`ba lrj`bass prcdoafjs. Astjs nc`trjbknnkc`as scoc sa mj` pcbkbc sjtksijnar ÷`knjfa`ta pcr fabkc ba ocs njrrkoas sktujbcs scdra ocs burfka`tas c trjvkasjs y ao djojstc. Q`c ba ocs prcdoafjs jntujoas as ncfc jdscrdar ba u`j icrfj aiknka`ta ojs vkdrjnkc`as y ojs trjsfkskc`as ba nmcquas y rukbcs jo fjtarkjo rcbj`ta(fþvko). ^a ba`cfk`j pasc suspa`bkbc j oj pjrta bao vamænuoc ncocnjbc scdra ocs fuaooas c rascrtas ba suspa`skþ`. Xasc `c suspa`bkbc sa oojfj jo qua basnj`sj bkrantjfa`ta scdra oj væj, sk` k`tarfabkc aoêstknc jolu`c, ncfc sc` ocs agas fc`tjbcs ncfpuastcs ba agas y ruabjs. n)  Nc`tk`ukbjb. As kfpcrtj`ta qua ojs væjs saj` jprcxkfjbjfa`ta ojs fksfjs a` tcbcs ocs pu`tcs y qua oj iklurj c trjzj ba jquaooj parfj`aznj nc`tk`uj jo pjsc ba ojs njrljs fþvkoas j lrj` vaocnkbjb. NJTJNRATK^RKNJ^ A^XANKJOA^ A^XANKJOA^ BAO FJRATKJO TCBJ@RA. Ruvc oj tën`knj iarrcvkjrkj u`j crka`tjnkþ` aspankjo njrjntarkzjbj pcr ao prclraskvc jufa`tc bao prankc ba su fjtarkjo pjrj nufpokr nc` ojs axkla`nkjs kfpuastjs pcr oj avcounkþ` ba ocs sarvknkcs. s arvknkcs. j)  AO NJOJGA BA OJ^ TQABJ^ ^CDTA OC^ AGA^. Nc`trjrkjfa`ta Nc`trjrkj fa`ta j ocs vamænuocs ba njrratarj, ojs ruabjs ba ocs vamænuocs iarrcvkjrkcs icrfj` nuarpc nc` sus agas y lkrj` scokbjrkcs a` ouljr ba mjnaroc k`bapa`bka`tafa`ta, as bankr jorababcr ba ocs agas, cirana fjycr scokbaz y salurkbjb pcr sar fa`cs susnaptkdoa j bksocnjnkc`as pcr ao rubc trjtc qua rankda ao fjtarkjo iarrcvkjrkc, scdra tcbc pcr ojs lrj`bas njrljs qua mj ba scpcrtjr c nkrnuojr j aoavjbjs vaocnkbjbas. Astj bkspcsknkþ` `c cdstj`ta tka`a ao k`nc`va`ka`ta ba qua a` ojs nurvjs bada basokzjr oj ruabj axtarkcr ba u` aga scdra ao njrrko prcvcnj`bc fjycr basljsta qua afparc as ba pcnj kfpcrtj`nkj sk sa tka`a a` nua`tj qua ojs nurvjs ba oæ`ajs iarrcvkjrkjs sa mj jbcptjbc, nc` njrêntar la`arjo, la`arjo, lrj`bas rjbkcs ba nurvjturj, axnaptc ba jolu`js oæ`ajs sanu`bjrkjs. d)  OJ QRKOKWJNKC@ BA TQABJ^ NC@ XA^RJÚJ^ K@IATKCTA^. Ojs pastjújs skrva` pjrj lukjr ao vamænuoc scdra ojs væjs.

 

n)  NC@KNKBJB BA OJ^ OOJ@RJ^. Ojs ooj`tjs `c sa tcr`aj` nkoæ`brknjs, sk`c a` icrfj trc`nc-nþ`knjs nc` u`j k`nok`jnkþ`. KFXCTRJ@NKJ BA OC^ BARJOOA^ BA Q@ RTJWJBC. A` ao astubkc ba u` trjzjbc ba iarrcnjrrkoas, sc` vjrkcs ocs jspantcs qua as `anasjrkc j`jokzjrocs sapjrjbjfa`ta5 bcs ba aoocs tka`a` lrj` kfpcrtj`nkj pjrj oj axpoctjnkþ` iuturj bao iarrcnjrrko, ska`bc aoocs7 Oj lrjbka`ta batarfk`j`ta y ao vcoufa` bao trjiknc. Ctrcs tras sc` ba fa`cr kfpcrtj`nkj pjrj oj axpoctjnkþ` parc kfpcrtj`ta nc` raojnkþ` jo ncstc ba nc`strunnkþ` bao iarrcnjrrko, iarrcnjr rko, aoocs sc`7 Oc`lktub bao iarrcnjrrko, ojs nurvjs y ojs lrjbka`tas. LTJBKA@RA^ BARATFK@J@RA^. Xjrj axpoctjr ba icrfj anc`þfknj u` iarrcnjrrko bada trjtjrsa skafpra ba qua ao pcbar ba jrrjstra ba ojs ocncfctcrjs qua nkrnuoj` a` ao, saj s aj jprcvanmjbc æ`talrjfa`ta. Xarc asa jprcvanmjfka`tc, puaba axklkr oj fcbkiknjnkþ` ba oj ncfpcsknkþ` bao tra` a` njbj astjnkþ`, puas oj lrjbka`ta ba ocs bkiara`tas trjfcs ba oj oæ`aj as la`arjofa`ta bkstk`tc. Oj fcbkiknjnkþ` nc`stj`ta ba oj ncfpcsknkþ` bao tra` iuarj jdscoutjfa`ta `anasjrkj pjrj tcfjr c bagjr njrrcs a` ojs astjnkc`as ba crkla` c bastk`c b astk`c ba aoocs jnjrraj u`j sarka ba k`nc`va`ka`tas, ocs prk`nkpjoas ba ocs nujoas sc`7 j)  Fjycr tkafpc ba rancrrkbc ba ocs tra`as, oc nujo sa trjbuna a` fjycr ljstc ba b a gcr`joas. d)  Oj bkiknuotjb y nc`trco bao aqukpc, puas ocs njrrcs puaba` quabj quabjrr bata`kbcs a` u`j astjnkþ` k`tarfabkj ba su rancrrkbc. n)  Fjycr utkokzjnkþ` ba ojs ocncfctcrjs, pcr ao jufa`tc j ufa`tc bao tkafpc a` sarvknkc a` njbj vkjga, atn. Ocs k`nc`va`ka`tas k`bknjbcs mjna` ba qua njsk skafpra ao jprcvanmjfka`tc fês ncrrka`ta bao pcbar ba jrrjstra ba ojs ocncfctcrjs saj ao ba fj`ta`ar u` pasc u`kicrfa bao aqukpc a` tcbc ao rancrrkbc rancrr kbc bao tra`, ba fcbc qua qu a asa pasc saj ao fêxkfc qua puabj jrrjstrjr oj ocncfctcrj. ^a nc`skbarj ncfc lrjbka`ta batarfk`j`ta ba oj oæ`aj, jquaoojs qua sufjbjs j oj rasksta`nkj ncrraspc`bka`ta j oj nurvj ba fa`cr rjbkc qua axkstj a` aoojs, bao vjocr fêxkfc, as bankr sarê batarfk`j`ta batarfk`j` ta ao vjocr7 (k + rn) fêxkfc Xjrj jnojrjr oc axpuastc, vafcs u` agafpoc ba u`j oæ`aj ba iarrcnjrrko nuyj trcnmj as fëtrknj, axksta` vjrkcs trjfcs ba bkiara`tas lrjbka`tas, y nc` nurvjs ba`trc ba aoocs, sal÷` batarfk`jfcs oj raojnkþ` skluka`ta7

RTJFC

LTJBKA@RA(ff/f) TJBKC FK@KFC BA OJ^ NQTYJ^ ZQA A]K^RA@ A@ AO RTJFC

: 4

:4 :=

418 f >18 f

> 2

:1 :<

A` rantj >88 f

 

Nc` tcbcs ocs bjtcs sa basaj sjdar oj lrjbka`ta l rjbka`ta batarfk`j`ta batarfk`j`ta ba oj oæ`aj. Xjrj njonuojroj sarê `anasjrkc a` prkfar ouljr batarfk`jr ao vjocr ba oj rasksta`nkj qua prcbuna` ojs nurvjs pjrj ocs rjbkcs k`bknjbcs. Jpoknj`bc ojs icrfuojs ba Basbbukt7 Rrjfc :.  6 

188 

6



188 (:)

6 4. 4.88 88 / / 

418

Rrjfc 4.  6

188  

6

188 (:) >18

6 :. :.2> 2> / / 

Rrjfc >.  6 8 / /  

Rrjfc 2.  6

188  

6

188 (:) >88

6 :. :.9< 9< / / 

Rrjfc (k+rn)fjx  : :4 + 4.88 6 :2.88 ff/f 4 := + :.2> 6 :;.2> ff/f > :1 + 8.88 6 :1.88 ff/f 2 :< + :.9< 6 :=.9< ff/f Ba jnuarbc jo nujbrc oj lrjbka`ta batarfk`j`ta astê a` ao trjfc 4 qua bj u` vjocr fêxkfc f êxkfc ba (k+r n) 6:;.2> ff/f