Aleaciones No Ferrosas
December 20, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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phrtoco
Ojbomfhnbs Ojbomfh nbs Nh @brrhsos
MJO]F@FMOMFÝN CB JH] DBSOJB] NH @BYYH]H] ]BLÛN ]R CBN]FCOC DBSOJB] NH @ÆYYFMH]
QB]OCH]
MHIYB
JFLBYH]
QJHDH
OJRDFNFH
RJSYOJFLBYH]
SFSONFH
NÄ_RBJ MHIYB
IYHNMB
DOLNB]FH
JFLBYO] y YB]F]SBNSB] O MHYYH]FÝN
QYHQFBCOCB]
JFPFONH @JBUFIJB IRBNH] MHNCRMSHYB]
Ojbomfhnbs cb ojudfnfh
Bj ojudfnfh bs bj bjbdbnth dbtïjfmh dïs oiuncontb y sfbdprb sb prbsbnto mhdifnoch mhn htrhs bjbdbnths mhdh efbrrh, hxälbnh y sfjfmfh. Jo iouxfto Jo iouxfto qub mhnsfstb bn ýxfch efcrotochs cb ojudfnfh bs jo dotbrfo prfdo dïs utfjfzoco poro jo prhcummfýn prhcummfýn cb ojudfnfh.-------------------ojudfnfh.--------------------> > Jo hitbnmfýn cb ojudfnfh sb rbojfzo bn 9 `osbs; ]bporomfýn cb ojûdfno ojûdfno cb jos iouxftos. Ybcummfýn cb ojûdfno cfsubjto bn un ioÿh cb mrfhjfto mhn mfbrto montfcoc cb `uncbntb phr bjbmtrýjfsfs phr bjbmtrhchs cb morihnh.
Ojûdfno @ýrdujo;(Oj9H=)
Bkbdpjh cbj prhmbsh cbj ojudfnfh
Moromtbrästfmos cb jos ojbomfhnbs cbj ojudfnfh OJ + [n-------> [n-------> Ybsfstbnmfo y curbzo oudbntoco.Q oudbntoco.Qhsfifjfcoc hsfifjfcoc cb mhrrhsfýn cb tbnsfýn. OJ + Mu-------> Mu-------> Qrhcumb uno ojbomfýn trotoijb trotoijb tærdfmodbntb, tærdfmodbntb, Ybsfstbnmfo y curbzo oudbntocos. OJ + Dn-------> Dn-------> Ybcumb jo rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn. OJ + ]f-------> ]f-------> Mhdifnoch mhn Dl prhcumb uno ojbomfýn trotoijb tærdfmodbntb. Iubno rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn. OJ + Dl -------> Ybsfstbnmfo oudbntoco, Curbzo oudbntoco, iubno rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn, shjcoifjfcoc oudbntoco.
Ojbomfhnbs cb bncurbmfdfbnth phr bnvbkbmfdfbnth.
Ojbomfhnbs cb `uncfmfýn.
Ojbomfhnbs cb bncurbmfdfbnth phr troiokh.
Ojbomfhnbs cb ibrfjfh
Bj ibrfjfh(Ib) bs; unh cb jhs dbtojbs bstrumturojbs dïs jflbrhs y rorhs , su cbnsfcoc bs mbrmo cb jo tbrmbro portb cb jo cbj ojudfnfh. Bj ibrfjfh tfbnb cfvbrsos prhpfbcocbs phmh mhdunbs b fnmjush ûnfmos. Qhr sus prhpfbcocbs cb ioko cbnsfcoc y bjbvoco curbzo sb utfjfzo mhdh dotbrfoj bstrumturoj, prfnmfpojdbntb bn ojbomfhnbs mhn mhirb, ojudfnfh, näqubj y efbrrh. Bs dïs jflbrh qub bj ojudfnfh y mosf tonth mh mhdh dh bj dolnbsfh y dïs fncb`hrdoijb fncb`hrdoijb qub jhs ombrhs, dontbnfbnch ocbdïs su rbsfstbnmfo b fncb`hrdoifjfcoc o tbdpbroturos bjbvocos. Qhr bsths dhtfvhs sb utfjfzo nhrdojdbntb bn fnstrudbnths cb prbmfsfýn qub nh cbibn cb`hrdorsb nf bn jos mhncfmfhnbs dïs bxtrbdos. Bj ibrfjh cb ojto purbzo, cb mojfcoc cb pfbcro prbmfhso, bs dïs mhnhmfch mhdh oluodorfno (cb mhjhr ozuj h ozuj-vbrchsh) h bsdbrojco (cb mhjhr vbrcb) . Bj ibrfjfh bs un bjbdbnth noturoj. Bstï prbsbntb bn uno vorfbcoc cb dotbrfojbs mhdh phr bkbdpjh rhmos, moriýn y pbtrýjbh, bn bj subjh y bn phjvh vhjmïnfmh.
Nhto; Jo doyhr portb cbj dfnbroj cb ibrfjfh qub bs dfnoch bs usoch bn ojbomfhnbs (dbzmjos cb dbtojbs) Bj prfnmfpoj ush cbj ibrfjfh dbtïjfmh sb bnmubntro bn jo donu`omturo cb ojbomfhnbs ibrfjfh-mhirb y bn bj cbsorrhjjh cb ibrfjfh-mhirb dotbrfojbs ---------------------------------------------------
Oj fluoj bn jo fncustrfo obrhbspomfoj utfjfzon obrhbspomfoj utfjfzon ojbomfýn mhirb-Ibrfjfh phr jos sflufbntbs moromtbrästfmos cb bsto ojbomfýn.
Ojbomfýn mhirb-Ibrfjfh Jo ocfmfýn cb un 9% cb ibrfjfh oj mhirb `hrdo uno ojbomfýn nh dolnætfmo sbfs vbmbs dïs `ubrtb qub bj mhirb, duy rbsfstbntb o jo prbsfýn, mhncumthro. Bstos ojbomfhnbs ibrfjfh-mhirb tfbnbn nudbrhsos opjfmomfhnbs bn jo fncustrfo cb ebrrodfbntos yo qub nh prhcumbn mefspos, bn jos portbs dývfjbs mrätfmos cb ovfhnbs, osä mhdh, mhdputochros dbmïnfmos, rbvbjochrbs bjæmtrfmhs.
Ojbomfhnbs cb mhirb
Bj mhirb
-Bxmbjbntb mhncumtfvfcoc -Bxmbjbntb -Ybsfstbnmfo bxmbpmfhnoj bxmbpmfhnoj o jo mhrrhsfýn -@omfjfcoc -@ omfjfcoc cb `oirfmomfýn -Iubno `ubrzo y rbsfstbnmfo o jo `otflo Opjfmomfhnbs cbj mhirb purh; -]b utfjfzo odpjfodbntb -Mhntomths bjbmtrfmhs poro moijbs y ojodirbs
Lruphs prfnmfpojbs cb ojbomfhnbs -Mhirb cæifjdbntb ojboch -Ojbomfhnbs mhn ojth mhntbnfch cb mhirb -Jothnbs -Irhnmb -MuprhOjudfnfh -MuprhNfqubj
Mhirb cæifjdbntb ojboch Qhsbbn iokh mhntbnfch cb bjbdbnths cb ocfmfýn (dbnhs cbj ?%) y sb utfjfzon muonch jos Qhsbbn prhpfbcocbs cb jhs mhirbs prhpfodbntb cfmehs bs fnsumfbntb, phr bkbdpjh muonch sb rbqufbrb; -Dos rbsfstbnmfo dbmïnfmo -Dos rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfhn -Doyhr doqufnoifjfcoc -Dbkhr shjcoifjfcoc
Ojlunhs bkbdpjhs shn; -Mhirb cbshxfcoch mhn `ýs`hrh h orsænfmh -Mhirb tbnoz mhn pjoto -Mhirb mhn Ozu`rb -Mhirb mhn Sbjurfh
Ojbomfhnbs mhn ojth mhntbnfch cb mhirb
]hn ojbomfhnbs mhn mhirb doyhr oj 51%, bstos ojbomfhnbs sb utfjfzon muonch sb rbqufbrb cb htros moromtbrfstfmos qub tfbnbn htrhs bjbdbnths mhdh jh shn; -Ybsfstbnmfo o jo trommfýn -Curbzo -Ybsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn
Ojlunhs bkbdpjhs shn; Mhirb-Mocdfh Mhirb-Mrhdh Mhirb-Ibrfjfh Mhirb-]fjfmfh-Donlonbsh
Jotýn
]hn ojbomfhnbs o iosb cb Mhirb-[fnm qub mhntfbnbn cbj 2% oj 30% cb [fnm. Qrbsbnto moromtbrästfmos mhdh; Iubno rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn y su optftuc poro trotodfbnths supbrmfojbs (iornfmbs tronsporbntbs, pïtfnos, rbmuirfdfbnths cfvbrshs), pbrdftbn rbojfzor bmhnýdfmodbntb hikbths cb ibjjh ospbmth, cb jorlo curomfýn y cb dontbnfdfbnth `ïmfj. Bxfstbn cfstfnths tfph cb Jothn -Jothnbs mhn Qjhdh -Jothnbs bspbmfojbs
Irhnmb Bj irhnmb bs jo ojbomfýn cb Mhirb y Bstoÿh mhn mhntbnfchs qub voräon cbj 9 o 91% cb bstoÿh. Mhn jo ocfmfýn cbj bstoÿh sb hitfbnb jo moromtbrästfmo pïtfno prhtbmthro qub oudbnto jo curbzo cbj mhirb y sus rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn
MuprhOjudfnfh
]hn ojbomfhnbs cb Mhirb-Ojudfnfh mhn un 2% y ??% cb ojudfnfh ]b moromtbrfzon phr qub tfbnbn; -Bxmbjbntb -Bxmbjbn tb rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn -Iubnos moromtbrästfmos cb `rfmmfýn -Ousbnmfo cb mefspos oj mehqub -]hjcoifjfcoc bxmbjbntb
MuprhNäqubj ]hn oqubjjos ojbomfhnbs cb Mhirb y Näqubj qub voräon cbj 2% oj 33% ]us moromtbrästfmos shn; -@omfjfcoc cb dhjcbh -Iubnos moromtbrästfmos dbmïnfmos -Qrhpfbcocbs bjæmtrfmos bspbmfojbs -Iubno rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn
Näqubj
Bj Näqubj bs un bjbdbnth mhn iubno rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn y jo hxfcomfýn hxfcomfýn,, iubno `hrdoifjfcoc, iubnos prhpfbcocbs dbmïnfmos, tbnomfcoc y cumtfjfcoc. Qrhpfbcocbs `äsfmos; -Qunth cb `usfýn o ?
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