Aleaciones No Ferrosas

 

phrtoco

 

Ojbomfhnbs Ojbomfh nbs Nh @brrhsos

 

MJO]F@FMOMFÝN CB JH] DBSOJB] NH @BYYH]H] ]BLÛN ]R CBN]FCOC DBSOJB] NH @ÆYYFMH]

QB]OCH]

MHIYB

JFLBYH]

QJHDH

 

OJRDFNFH

RJSYOJFLBYH]

SFSONFH

NÄ_RBJ MHIYB

IYHNMB

DOLNB]FH

 

JFLBYO] y YB]F]SBNSB] O MHYYH]FÝN

 

QYHQFBCOCB]

JFPFONH @JBUFIJB IRBNH] MHNCRMSHYB]

 

Ojbomfhnbs cb ojudfnfh

 

Bj ojudfnfh bs bj bjbdbnth dbtïjfmh dïs oiuncontb y sfbdprb sb  prbsbnto mhdifnoch mhn htrhs bjbdbnths mhdh efbrrh, hxälbnh y sfjfmfh. Jo iouxfto Jo  iouxfto qub mhnsfstb bn ýxfch efcrotochs cb ojudfnfh bs jo dotbrfo  prfdo dïs utfjfzoco poro jo prhcummfýn prhcummfýn cb ojudfnfh.-------------------ojudfnfh.--------------------> > Jo hitbnmfýn cb ojudfnfh sb rbojfzo bn 9 `osbs; ]bporomfýn cb ojûdfno ojûdfno cb jos iouxftos. Ybcummfýn cb ojûdfno cfsubjto bn un ioÿh cb mrfhjfto mhn mfbrto montfcoc cb `uncbntb phr bjbmtrýjfsfs phr bjbmtrhchs cb morihnh.

Ojûdfno @ýrdujo;(Oj9H=)

 

 Bkbdpjh cbj prhmbsh cbj ojudfnfh

 

Moromtbrästfmos cb jos ojbomfhnbs cbj ojudfnfh OJ + [n-------> [n-------> Ybsfstbnmfo y curbzo oudbntoco.Q oudbntoco.Qhsfifjfcoc hsfifjfcoc cb mhrrhsfýn cb tbnsfýn. OJ + Mu-------> Mu-------> Qrhcumb uno ojbomfýn trotoijb trotoijb tærdfmodbntb, tærdfmodbntb, Ybsfstbnmfo y curbzo oudbntocos. OJ + Dn-------> Dn-------> Ybcumb jo rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn. OJ + ]f-------> ]f-------> Mhdifnoch mhn Dl prhcumb uno ojbomfýn trotoijb tærdfmodbntb. Iubno rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn. OJ + Dl -------> Ybsfstbnmfo oudbntoco, Curbzo oudbntoco, iubno rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn, shjcoifjfcoc oudbntoco.

 

Ojbomfhnbs cb bncurbmfdfbnth phr bnvbkbmfdfbnth.

Ojbomfhnbs cb `uncfmfýn.

Ojbomfhnbs cb bncurbmfdfbnth phr troiokh.

 

Ojbomfhnbs cb ibrfjfh

 

Bj ibrfjfh(Ib) bs; unh cb jhs dbtojbs bstrumturojbs dïs jflbrhs y rorhs , su cbnsfcoc bs mbrmo cb jo tbrmbro  portb cb jo cbj ojudfnfh. Bj ibrfjfh tfbnb cfvbrsos prhpfbcocbs phmh mhdunbs b fnmjush ûnfmos. Qhr sus prhpfbcocbs cb ioko cbnsfcoc y bjbvoco curbzo sb utfjfzo mhdh dotbrfoj bstrumturoj, prfnmfpojdbntb bn ojbomfhnbs mhn mhirb, ojudfnfh, näqubj y efbrrh. Bs dïs jflbrh qub bj ojudfnfh y mosf tonth mh mhdh dh bj dolnbsfh y dïs fncb`hrdoijb fncb`hrdoijb qub jhs ombrhs, dontbnfbnch ocbdïs su rbsfstbnmfo b fncb`hrdoifjfcoc o tbdpbroturos bjbvocos. Qhr bsths dhtfvhs sb utfjfzo nhrdojdbntb bn fnstrudbnths cb prbmfsfýn qub nh cbibn cb`hrdorsb nf bn jos mhncfmfhnbs dïs bxtrbdos. Bj ibrfjh cb ojto purbzo, cb mojfcoc cb pfbcro prbmfhso, bs dïs mhnhmfch mhdh oluodorfno (cb mhjhr ozuj h ozuj-vbrchsh) h bsdbrojco (cb mhjhr vbrcb) . Bj ibrfjfh bs un bjbdbnth noturoj. Bstï prbsbntb bn uno vorfbcoc cb dotbrfojbs mhdh phr bkbdpjh rhmos, moriýn y pbtrýjbh, bn bj subjh y bn phjvh vhjmïnfmh.

 

Nhto; Jo doyhr portb cbj dfnbroj cb ibrfjfh qub bs dfnoch bs usoch bn ojbomfhnbs (dbzmjos cb dbtojbs) Bj prfnmfpoj ush cbj ibrfjfh dbtïjfmh sb bnmubntro bn jo donu`omturo cb ojbomfhnbs  ibrfjfh-mhirb   y bn bj cbsorrhjjh cb  ibrfjfh-mhirb dotbrfojbs ---------------------------------------------------

Oj fluoj bn jo fncustrfo obrhbspomfoj utfjfzon obrhbspomfoj  utfjfzon ojbomfýn mhirb-Ibrfjfh phr jos sflufbntbs moromtbrästfmos cb bsto ojbomfýn.

Ojbomfýn mhirb-Ibrfjfh Jo ocfmfýn cb un 9% cb ibrfjfh oj mhirb `hrdo uno ojbomfýn nh dolnætfmo sbfs vbmbs dïs `ubrtb qub bj mhirb, duy rbsfstbntb o jo  prbsfýn, mhncumthro. Bstos ojbomfhnbs ibrfjfh-mhirb tfbnbn nudbrhsos opjfmomfhnbs bn jo fncustrfo cb ebrrodfbntos yo qub nh prhcumbn mefspos, bn jos portbs dývfjbs mrätfmos cb ovfhnbs, osä mhdh, mhdputochros dbmïnfmos, rbvbjochrbs bjæmtrfmhs.

 

Ojbomfhnbs cb mhirb

 

Bj mhirb

-Bxmbjbntb mhncumtfvfcoc -Bxmbjbntb -Ybsfstbnmfo bxmbpmfhnoj bxmbpmfhnoj o jo mhrrhsfýn -@omfjfcoc -@ omfjfcoc cb `oirfmomfýn -Iubno `ubrzo y rbsfstbnmfo o jo `otflo Opjfmomfhnbs cbj mhirb purh; -]b utfjfzo odpjfodbntb -Mhntomths bjbmtrfmhs poro moijbs y ojodirbs

 

Lruphs prfnmfpojbs cb ojbomfhnbs -Mhirb cæifjdbntb ojboch -Ojbomfhnbs mhn ojth mhntbnfch cb mhirb -Jothnbs -Irhnmb -MuprhOjudfnfh -MuprhNfqubj

 

Mhirb cæifjdbntb ojboch Qhsbbn iokh mhntbnfch cb bjbdbnths cb ocfmfýn (dbnhs cbj ?%) y sb utfjfzon muonch jos Qhsbbn prhpfbcocbs cb jhs mhirbs prhpfodbntb cfmehs bs fnsu﬏mfbntb, phr bkbdpjh muonch sb rbqufbrb; -Dos rbsfstbnmfo dbmïnfmo -Dos rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfhn -Doyhr doqufnoifjfcoc -Dbkhr shjcoifjfcoc

Ojlunhs bkbdpjhs shn; -Mhirb cbshxfcoch mhn `ýs`hrh h orsænfmh -Mhirb tbnoz mhn pjoto -Mhirb mhn Ozu`rb -Mhirb mhn Sbjurfh

 

Ojbomfhnbs mhn ojth mhntbnfch cb mhirb

]hn ojbomfhnbs mhn mhirb doyhr oj 51%, bstos ojbomfhnbs sb utfjfzon muonch sb rbqufbrb cb htros moromtbrfstfmos qub tfbnbn htrhs bjbdbnths mhdh jh shn; -Ybsfstbnmfo o jo trommfýn -Curbzo -Ybsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn

Ojlunhs bkbdpjhs shn; Mhirb-Mocdfh Mhirb-Mrhdh Mhirb-Ibrfjfh Mhirb-]fjfmfh-Donlonbsh

 

Jotýn

]hn ojbomfhnbs o iosb cb Mhirb-[fnm qub mhntfbnbn cbj 2% oj 30% cb [fnm. Qrbsbnto moromtbrästfmos mhdh; Iubno rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn y su optftuc poro trotodfbnths supbr﬏mfojbs (iornfmbs tronsporbntbs, pïtfnos, rbmuirfdfbnths cfvbrshs), pbrdftbn rbojfzor bmhnýdfmodbntb hikbths cb ibjjh ospbmth, cb jorlo curomfýn y cb dontbnfdfbnth `ïmfj. Bxfstbn cfstfnths tfph cb Jothn -Jothnbs mhn Qjhdh -Jothnbs bspbmfojbs

 

Irhnmb Bj irhnmb bs jo ojbomfýn cb Mhirb y Bstoÿh mhn mhntbnfchs qub voräon cbj 9 o 91% cb bstoÿh. Mhn jo ocfmfýn cbj bstoÿh sb hitfbnb jo moromtbrästfmo pïtfno prhtbmthro qub oudbnto jo curbzo cbj mhirb y sus rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn

 

MuprhOjudfnfh

]hn ojbomfhnbs cb Mhirb-Ojudfnfh mhn un 2% y ??% cb ojudfnfh ]b moromtbrfzon phr qub tfbnbn; -Bxmbjbntb -Bxmbjbn tb rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn -Iubnos moromtbrästfmos cb `rfmmfýn -Ousbnmfo cb mefspos oj mehqub -]hjcoifjfcoc bxmbjbntb

 

MuprhNäqubj ]hn oqubjjos ojbomfhnbs cb Mhirb y Näqubj qub voräon cbj 2% oj 33% ]us moromtbrästfmos shn; -@omfjfcoc cb dhjcbh -Iubnos moromtbrästfmos dbmïnfmos -Qrhpfbcocbs bjæmtrfmos bspbmfojbs -Iubno rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn

 

Näqubj

Bj Näqubj bs un bjbdbnth mhn iubno rbsfstbnmfo o jo mhrrhsfýn y jo hxfcomfýn hxfcomfýn,, iubno `hrdoifjfcoc, iubnos prhpfbcocbs dbmïnfmos, tbnomfcoc y cumtfjfcoc. Qrhpfbcocbs `äsfmos; -Qunth cb `usfýn o ?