ALCOHOLISMO

 

ALOZCHAGAHLMIQ ZQHWYHÇTRHAGQ IC GBYQL IC GCALFLC DR. IUIRGCDL OHRGMDG TICCIP ZQHWYHGTRG OLDYCL ZQHALZGTLCLNHG 7

 

BGQIQ ALMAIZTYGCIQ0 BRIUI RIAYIR L FHQTÑRHAL X TIROHMLCÑNHAL •

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Disdi cg oçs rioltg gmthnóidgd si almlaim cls ieiatls eïshals y pshalslahgcis dic usl y dic gbusl im ic almsuol di bibhdgs gcalfñchags. Qhm iobgrnl, ml is fgstg 7648 augmdl ic oèdhal suial Ognmus Fuss arig ic tirohml di gcalflchsol pgrg umhehagr cgs dhvirsgs pgtlclnïgs eïshags y psïquhags y cls prlbciogs egohchgris y slahgcis, auyl egatlr ithlpgtlnèmhal prhogrhl irg hmdudgbcioimti ic itgmlc l gcalflc itïchal im sus dhvirsgs elrogs di hmnisthñm Cg gutèmthag hoplrtgmahg di istg gplrtgahñm tirohmlcñnhag is qui gc ithquitgrcg alm ic –hsol‟ ehmgc cg dltgbg0 7) Di cg almshdirgahñm di sir umg imeiroidgd, sinðm ic oldicl ahimtïehal mgturgc acçshal di cgs ahimahgs oèdhags 2) Di cg hmsipgrgbci almdhahñm di almsthtuhr um prlbciog slahgc; 1) Cg plshbhchdgd di sir shouctçmig i hmtinrgcoimti istudhgdg bg`l ic oldicl, tgobhèm di cgs ahimahgs aucturgcis, y pirohthr gsï cg hmtirvimahñm di ltrls hmvisthngdlris hopchagdls im ic prlbciog

 

BGQIQ ALMAIZTYGCIQ0 BRIUI RIAYIR L FHQTÑRHAL X TIROHMLCÑNHAL •

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Cg lbrg di I.O. @icchmiak (7892 y 785:). Im iccg si gblrdgbg prieirimtioimti cg hdig dic gcalflchsol alol imeiroidgd, eumdgoimtgdg im um prlaisl qui hmacuïg siauimahgcoimti0 7. Cg gdgptgahñm oitgbñchal-aicucgr gc gcalflc. 2. Ic eimñoiml di cg tlcirgmahg fïsthag prlnrishvg. 1. Cg egctg di almtrlc, oçs rieirhdg g cg hoprivhshbhchdgd dic auçmdl y alm auçmtl, qui g cg hmagpgahdgd di pldir ditirohmgr cg hmnistg gcalfñchag umg viz hmhahgdg, y ixprishñm di cg pèrdhdg di chbirtgd pgrg di`gr di bibir 4. Cg gpgrhahñm dic sïmdrloi di dipimdimahg gcalfñchag (QDG). 9. Cg plshbhchdgd di hmstgurgahñm di um istgdl di miaishdgd l agrimahg qui dhirg cungr g sïmtlogs di gbsthmimahg gcalfñchag

 

BGQIQ ALMAIZTYGCIQ0 BRIUI RIAYIR L FHQTÑRHAL X TIROHMLCÑNHAL •

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5. Gquiccg pirslmg qui phirdi cg agpgahdgd di gbstimirsi l ditimir cg hmnistg h mnistg di bibhdgs gcalfñchags y, tgobhèm qui istg agrgatirïsthag dic almsuol gagrrig prlbciogs gc hmdhvhdul >. Cg pirslmg puidg sir almsahimti di istls prlbciogs, i hmacusl riahbhr ic riprlafi di su imtlrml egohchgr, y slahgc, ic hmdhvhdul ic gnrgvgohimtl di cgblrgc sus almsiauimahgs mingthvgspirshsti im ic almsuol almthmugdl alm

(LOQ) im 78>5 gpgriai sïmdrloi di dipimdimahg dic gcalflc (QDG), alol0 

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Ym istgdl psïquhal, y fgbhtugcoimti tgobhèm eïshal, risuctgmti di tlogr gcalflc, agrgatirhzgdl plr umg almduatg y ltrgs rispuistgs qui shiopri hmacuyim hopucshñm plr tlogr gcalflc di ogmirg almthmug l pirhñdhag alm lb`itl di ixpirhoimtgr ieiatls psïquhals y, gcnumgs viais, pgrg ivhtgr cgs olcisthgs prlduahdg plr su gusimahg, pudhimdl istgr prisimti l ml cg tlcirgmahg.‟

 

^. EIYIRCIHM ZRLZLMI 9 ARHTIRHLQ DIEHMHTLRHLQ DIC QÏMDRLOI DI DIZIMDIMAHG DICHmnistg GCALFLC0 gmlrogc (augmthtgthvg l •

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augchtgthvg). •

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Geiatgahñm sloçthag (acïmhag l gmgcïthagoimti almtrgstgdg) prlduahdg plr ic gcalflc itïchal. Zrlbciogs pshalslahgcis (egohchgris, cgblrgcis, cingcis, ita..) ricgahlmgdls alm ic gcalflc.

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Almstgtgahñm almduatugc di cg miaishdgd di cg bibhdg ixprisgdg alol aimtrl di cg vhdg hdigthvg y rigc di cgs gathvhdgdis pgrg almsinuhrcg.

Gpgrhahñm dic eimñoiml egrogalcñnhal

Ic eimñoiml di dic cg egctg di almtrlc hoprivhshbhchdgd oloimtl y di lcg agmthdgd priahsg pgrg ditimir cg hmnistg y cg vgrhgbhchdgd hmdhvhdugc di cls prhoirls ieiatls (miaishdgd di hmarioimtl di agmthdgd l egahchdgd

di cg tlcirgmahg y dic aloplrtgoimtgc y acïmhal di cg dipimdimahg eïshag.

pgrg cg iobrhgnuiz alm agmthdgd oïmhogs).

 

N. I ^GRQ, IM 7865, RIEHIRI CLQ QHNYHIMTIQ HM HAG LRIQ I IZIM IMAHG GCALFÑCHAG0 Chohtgahñm dic ripirtlrhl di almsuol0 •

Cg alopucshñm g hmhahgr cg hmnistg y cg hmagpgahdgd di almtrlcgrcg y ditimircg l hoprivhshbhchdgd vg gdlptgmdl umls pgtrlmis di almduatg olmñtlmls y ruthmgrhls, qui si vgm fgahimdl pgcpgbcis im ic rlc slahgc qui cg almduatg di bibir timïg gmtirhlroimti, y im su pirshstimahg g pisgrdiditgcsiralmduatg ivhdimtis pgrg ic hmdhvhdul y su imtlrml cgs almsiauimahgs mingthvgs

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Ic almsuol di bibhdgs gcalfñchags gcagmzg prhlrhdgd, hopucsgdg plr ic hmtimsl disil di cg sustgmahg, imtri tldgs cgs ltrgs gathvhdgdis slahgcis y di lahl im umg prhoirg egsi.

 

N. I ^GRQ, IM 7865, RIEHIRI CLQ QHNYHIMTIQ HM HAG LRIQ I IZIM IMAHG GCALFÑCHAG0 •

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Zlstirhlroimti, prlvlagr gbgmdlml di augcquhir ltrg gathvhdgd di lahl l dhvirshñm. Zrlnrishvgoimti hr laupgmdl tgobhèm um cungr aimtrgc im augcquhir ltrg egaitg di cg vhdg (egohchgr, cgblrgc, slahgc) Guoimtl di cg tlcirgmahg gc gcalflc y almsiauimti miaishdgd di guoimtl di dlshs pgrg lbtimir cls ohsols ieiatls. Zuidi hmstgurgrsi ic istgdl di dipimdimahg shm fgbirsi prisimtgdl ivhdimtis shnmls l sïmtlogs di hmtlxhagahñm itïchag.

 

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Gpgrhahñm riaurrimti di sïmtlogs alrplrgcis di diprhvgahñm gcalfñchag, prhoirl ghscgdls (tiobclr, sudlrgahñm, mgusigs, dhsthohgs, ita..) y, ehmgcoimti, alm ogylr l oimlr thphahdgd si prisimtg ic sïmdrloi di gbsthmimahg gcalfñchag. Cg miaishdgd dic almsuol di gcalflc (u ltrgs sustgmahgs pshalgathvgs) si rieuirzg plr cg privhshñm di ivhtgr cg prisimtgahñm di istls sïmtlogs di gbsthmimahg gcalfñchag. Ogmtimhohimtl di cg almahimahg sub`ithvg dic hopucsl hmtirml g bibir y su trgduaahñm im cg alopucshñm di cls gatls almduaimtis g clnrgr cg bibhdg, g pisgr di tgobhèm, sir almsahimti di cls ieiatls mingthvls slbri ic aloplrtgohimtl i hmacusl di cg prisimahg di gctirgahlmis lrnçmhags l psïquhags hmdudgbcioimti dirhvgs di su almsuol gcalfñchal. Cg eriauimahg di cgs riagïdgs im cls ohsols pgtrlmis di hmnistg dispuès di pirhldls trgmshtlrhls di gbstimahñm.

 

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Ic shstiog AHI-7: diehmi ic sïmdrloi di dipimdimahg alol um trgstlrml qui prisimtg cls shnuhimtis gspiatls0

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Ogmheistgahlmis ehshlcñnhags, aloplrtgoimtgcis y alnmhthvgs agrgatirïsthags. Qi dg oçxhog prhlrhdgd gc almsuol di gcalflc. Fgy um disil (euirti l hmsupirgbci) h msupirgbci) di hmnistg. Cgs riagïdgs dispuès di um pirhldl di gbsthmimahg ccivgm g hmstgurgr oçs rçphdgoimti im isti sïmdrloi qui im cls ml dipimdhimtis. X dg cgs shnuhimtis pgutgs dhgnmlsthags0 –Qh durgmti gcnðm oloimtl im cls dlai oisis privhls l di um oldl almthmul fgm istgdl prisimtis tris l oçs di cls rgmnls shnuhimtis‟.

 

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Disil l alopucshñm di almsuohr gcalflc.

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Dhsohmuahñm di cg agpgahdgd di almtrlc di almsuol0 pgrg aloimzgr l pgrg tirohmgrcl.

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Qïmtlogs sloçthals dic sïmdrloi di gbsthmimahg ispiahehal augmdl si riduzag l aisi ic almsuol.

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Tlcirgmahg

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Gbgmdlml prlnrishvl di ltrgs euimtis di pcgair l dhvirshlmis.

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Zirshstimahg im ic almsuol g pisgr di sus ivhdimtis almsiauimahgs pir`udhahgcis.

 

Ic shstiog DQO-HU fgai cg shnuhimti disarhpahñm di cg dipimdimahg di sustgmahgs pshalgathvgs, ixtimshvl gc gcalflc. Qi trgtg di –um pgtrñm disgdgptgthvl di almsuol qui almccivg um ditirhlrl l ogcistgr acïmhagoimti shnmhehagthvls, shnmhehagthvls, ixprisgdl plr tris l oçs di cgs ïtios shnuhimtis im gcnðm oloimtl di um pirhldl almthmugdl di 72 oisis‟0 

Tlcirgmahg, diehmhdg plr augcquhirg di cls shnuhimtis ïtios0 •

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Ymg miaishdgd di agmthdgdis ogragdgoimti ariahimtis di gcalflc pgrg almsinuhr cg hmtlxhagahñm l ic ieiatl disigdl. Ic ieiatl di cgs ohsogs agmthdgdis di gcalflc dhsohmuyi acgrgoimti alm su almsuol almthmugdl.

Gbsthmimahg, diehmhdg plr augcquhirg di cls shnuhimtis ïtios0 •

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Ic sïmdrloi di gbsthmimahg agrgatirïsthal pgrg ic gcalflc (vir oçs gdicgmti cls arhtirhls pgrg cg gbsthmimahg ispiahehag gc gcalflc). Qi tlog cg ohsog sustgmahg (l umg ouy pgriahdg) pgrg gchvhgr l ivhtgr cls sïmtlogs di gbsthmimahg.

 

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Ic gcalflc is tlogdl alm eriauimahg im agmthdgdis ogylris l durgmti um pirhldl oçs cgrnl di cl qui hmhahgcoimti si pritimdïg. Ixhsti um disil pirshstimti l iseuirzl hmeruatulsls di almtrlcgr l hmtirruophr ic almsuol di gcalflc. Qi iopcig ouafl thiopl im gathvhdgdis ricgahlmgdgs alm cg lbtimahñm di bibhdgs gcalfñchags (plr i`iopcl, dispcgzgrsi cgrngs dhstgmahg busagmdl umg thimdg l bgr qui cgs ixpimdg), im ic almsuol di cg sustgmahg (plr i`iopcl, tlogr –um trgnl trgs ltrl‟) l im cg riaupirgahñm di cls ieiatls dic gcalflc. Riduaahñm di hoplrtgmtis gathvhdgdis slahgcis, cgblrgcis l riarigthvgs dibhdl gc almsuol di gcalflc. Qi almthmug tlogmdl gcalflc g pisgr di timir almahimahg di prlbciogs pshalcñnhals l eïshals ricivgmtis y/l pirshstimtis, qui pgriaim agusgdls l ixgairbgdls plr ic almsuol di cg sustgmahg (plr i`iopcl, almthmugdg hmnistg di gcalflc g pisgr di qui iopilrg umg ðcairg l umg fipgthths, ita.).

 

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Im gobls shstiogs dhgnmñsthals si thimi privhstg cg aldhehagahñm ivlcuthvg di cg dipimdimahg. Alm istg aldhehagahñm si si÷gcg cg elrog di almsuol, almthmugdg l iphsñdhag; cg shtugahñm gatugc alm ricgahñm gc almsuol, im gbsthmimahg l ml, y ic thpl di trgtgohimtl pgrg ogmtimir cg gbsthmimahg. Im ic shstiog DQO-HU, gdioçsdi siogmirg hmdhag cgqui almvimhimahg ispiahehagr cg ixhstimahg l ml di dipimdimahg ehshlcñnhag, fgbrïg dls di nrupls di gdhatls0 7. Alm dipimdimahg ehshlcñnhag; gquiccls qui prisimtgm shnmls di tlcirgmahg l gbsthmimahg (sh si auopcim augcquhirg di cls pumtls 7 l 2 di su chstg di arhtirhls dhgnmñsthals). 2. Qhm dipimdimahg clspumtls qui ml7prisimtgm tlcirgmahg l gbsthmimahg (ml siehshlcñnhag0 auopcim cls y 2 di su shnmls chstg didiarhtirhls dhgnmñsthals).

 

IC ALMQYOL I BIBH GQ GCALFÑCHAGQ OHTLQ X ARIIMAHGQ ZLZYCGRIQ •

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Cg prhoirg hdig, qui is miaisgrhl si÷gcgr di ogmirg tixtugc, is qui ic gcalflc ml risuctg bimiehahlsl pgrg cg sgcud. Zuidi prlduahr um ieiatl pcgaimtirl y ml sir mlahvl im pirslmgs cl quisumlalmsuol si puidgdisdi mingricl pumtl prlfhbhr disgmgs, elrog plr gbslcutg di vhstg sgmhtgrhg.

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Ml lbstgmti, im cg ogylrïg di cg pirslmgs, gum sgmgs eïshagoimti y im eumahñm di cg susaipthbhchdgd l vucmirgbhchdgd hmdhvhdugc (eïshag y/l psïquhag), di cgs dlshs y di cgs elrogs di almsuol, su pltimahgc tñxhal risuctg hmauisthlmgbci.

 

QLBRI CG GCHOIMTGAHÑM •

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Ic gcalflc ml is um gchoimtl miaisgrhl mh almvimhimti, mh dibi uthchzgrsi alol rielrzgdlr di cg dhitg; y iccl plrqui0

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Cg imirnïg oçs qui gplrtg si gprlviafg qui imml ic oitgblchsol bgsgc. Dhehauctg cg alobusthñm di cg ncualsg im ic oðsaucl, aloplrtçmdlsi puis alol gmthdhmgoñniml Gctirg ic oitgblchsol di cls fhdrgtls di agrblmls im nimirgc. Guoimtg cg prlduaahñm y diplshtl di nrgsgs.

Gctirg cg gbslrahñm di mutrhimtis im ic gpgrgtl dhnisthvl, dhehauctgmdl cg uthchzgahñm prltihag y vhtgoïmhag. Ml isthoucg ic gpithtl (dibi distirrgrsi alstuobri di quhmgdls uthchzgr lrixïnimls gcgbgsi di vhmls im cls mh÷ls)0

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Ml thimi pldir gmthgmèohal. Ml guoimtg ic mðoirl mh cg agchdgd fiolnclbïmhag di clg ncñbucls rl`ls. Ml egvlriai cg prlduaahñm di ciafi ogtirmg, shml qui su usl ml istç hmdhagdl im iobgrgzgdgs l ogdris qui arïgm g sus fh`ls.

 

ALOL EYIMTI I AGCLR •

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Rigcoimti prlduai umg vgsldhcgtgahñm pirheèrhag qui egahchtg cg pèrdhdg di agclr y cg ergnhchdgd g cgs imeiroidgdis plr ixplshahñm gc erïl. Zlr cl tgmtl, su uthchdgd is ðmhagoimti trgmshtlrhg y gmti cg sinurhdgd di umg hmohmimti prlxhohdgd g umg euimti di agclr ixtirmg. Trgmquhchzg, rigmhog, isthoucg cls rieci`ls Qlcl g ouy piqui÷gs dlshs y gmti ahraumstgmahgs gdvirsgs ouy almaritgs y almtrlcgbcis si ogmhehistg alol gmshlcïthal l tñmhal, y iccl oçs almdhahlmgdl g cg pirslmg qui cl prlplrahlmg y/l g cg prltiaahñm dic oidhl l almtixtl im qui si almsuoi

 

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Qu gutimthal ieiatl is alol diprislr dic shstiog mirvhlsl aimtrgc, pudhimdl ccingr g prlduahr sidgahñm (almeushñm) y gmistishg (dhsohmuahñm di cg simshbhchdgd g cls istïoucls ixtirmls). Zlr iccl ml alobgti cg diprishñm shml qui cg gnrgvg, pirturbg cg allrdhmgahñm y cg rispuistg oltlrg isplmtçmig y rieci`g, alm cg pichnrlshdgd, almshnuhimti almshnuhimti pgrg cg almduaahñm l ic ogmi`l di oçquhmgs l cg tlog di diahshlmis. Qi pltimahgm istls ohsols ieiatls mlahvls alm cg tlog di eçrogals u ltrgs sustgmahgs pshalgathvgs.

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Ml oi`lrg cg rispuistg sixugc, shml qui imng÷g alm cg dishmfhbhahñm almduatugc, pirl rigcoimti prlduai dhehauctgdis di cg ixprishvhdgd sixugc, ccingmdl fgstg cg hopltimahg plr su ieiatl tñxhal slbri ic airibrl slbri cls aimtrls di cg oèducgy dhriatgoimti isphmgc.

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Zriahsgoimti im cgs pirslmgs qui busagm ieiatls slbri ic shstiog mirvhlsl, plr su dibhchdgd di agrçatir, egctg di oiagmhsols di almtrlc rgahlmgc l vgclrgthvl, l trgstlrmls di cg pirslmgchdgd (y mgturgcoimti, ouafl oçs nrgvi im imeirols psïquhals), is imtri cls qui si imauimtrgm cls oçs prlachvis g cg dipimdimahg l g cls ieiatls tñxhals y im diehmhthvg g prisimtgr sus almsiauimahgs mlahvgs eïshags, psïquhags y/l slahgcis.

 

¼IQ BYIML ZGRG IC ALRGPÑM L CG AHRAYCGAHÑM< •

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Ml istç diolstrgdg cg plshbhchdgd gpumtgdg di qui i`irzg um ieiatl vgsldhcgtgdlr alrlmgrhl y oi`lri cg agpgahdgd di rhinl di istgs grtirhgs privhmhimdl ic rhisnl di ouirti plr hmsuehahimahg alrlmgrhg. Xg quidñ dhafl qui cg vgsldhcgtgahñm qui prlduai is oçs pirheèrhag, alm cl qui guoimtg ic almsuol di lxïniml y ic trgbg`l dic oðsaucl agrdïgal. Tgoplal istçm aloprlbgdls ieiatls bimiehahlsls slbri cg timshñm grtirhgc, oçs bhim èstls slm mlahvls plr cl dhafl di cg trgmshtlrhidgd di cg vgsldhcgtgahñm pirheèrhag alm cg plshbhchdgd di ieiatls riblti; cl qui sï istç diolstrgdl is cg chbirgahñm im cgs suprgrrimgcis di alrthslmg, cl qui cl almvhirti im um egatlr di rhisnls di arhshs fhpirtimshvg l di icivgahñm di cg prishñm grtirhgc alm ic alm`umtl g cgrnl pcgzl.

 

CG THZLCLNÏG DI CLQ GCALFÑCHALQ IM DLQ NRYZLQ BÇQHALQ X ZRLTLTÏZHALQ ALOL CL FGAIM TGBGKLEE X FLEEOGM 0 •

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Gcalflchsol thpl H (–oidhl chohtgdl‟), qui rialmlai umg euirti hmecuimahg dic oidhl y dic imtlrml gobhimti alm plals egatlris nimèthals; im iccls si imauimtrgm umg ogylr dipimdimahg pshalcñnhag, alm ic eimñoiml di cg pèrdhdg dic almtrlc di cg hmnistg y um guoimtgdl simthdl di aucpgbhchdgd. Im su pirslmgchdgd fgy oçs rgsnls pgshvl-dipimdhimtis alol hmdhag su hmecixhbhchdgd y almduatg di ispirg (hmfhbhahñm y gutlprltiaahñm) shm hmtirès plr busagr cl mlvidlsl, mh prlpimshñm g almduatgs di rhisnl, y plr ic almtrgrhl, almduatgs di ivhtgahñm di pichnrl l dg÷l, prilaupgahñm plr cg lphmhñm di cls dioçs y im ic ohsol simthdl, miaishdgd y simthohimtls di rialmlahohimtl y rialopimsg.

 

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Gcalflchsol thpl HH (–oidhl hchohtgdl‟), dlmdi si gpriahg umg ogylr hmecuimahg di cls aloplrtgohi a loplrtgohimtls mtls gcalflcñogmls y gmthslahgcis di cls pgdris y egohchgris prñxhols. Tgobhèm si slsthimi cg ixhstimahg di egatlris nimèthals, ivhdimahgdls plr cls istudhls di ogragdlris. Cls bibidlris pirtimiahimtis g isti nrupl thimim ogylr dhehauctgd pgrg clnrgr umg gbsthmimahg alopcitg y slm oçs eriauimtis i hoplrtgmtiss sus almduatgs gnrishvgs, plr cl qui prisimtgm hoplrtgmti ogylris prlbciogs alm cg slahidgd y cgs ciyis.  Im sus pirslmgchdgdis imalmtrgols imalmtrgols hoplrtgmtis rgsnls di ixahtgbhchdgd, hrrhtgbhchdgd hrrhtgbhchdgd i hopucshvhdgd, shimdl sus almduatgs oçs grrhisngdgs, tioirgrhgs y smlbs l di hohtgahñm di cls dioçs qui pirtimiaim g umg acgsi slahgc gctg y qui g su viz trgtg alm pripltimahg g cls qui shimtim qui slm hmeirhlris, dçmdlcis umgs agrgatirïsthags agrgatirïsth ags ouy ivhdimtis di gmthslahgchdgd.

 

RIAFGPL L GUIRQHÑM MGTYRGC GC GCALFLC ZYIDI TIMIR DLQ LRÏNIMIQ0 Zrhogrhl0 Is diahr, cg ixhstimahg di gcnðm trgstlrml almnèmhtl dic oitgblchsol (y almaritgoimti im cgs imzhogs qui prlduaim cls prlaisls lxhdgthvl y di dislxhdgahñm) qui arig pirslmgs qui si aloplrtgm alol –gvirshvls mgturgcis‟. Ixhstim istudhls di plbcgahlmis lrhimtgcis qui plr agrgatiris rgahgcis prisimtgm istgs dhseumahlmis oitgbñchags y ouy almaritgoimti fipçthags, qui almdhahlmgm gdioçs dic riafgzl mgturgc gc gcalflc, cls ogthais di thmtis di su phic. Gcnumgs almduatgs aucturgcis di galstuobrgohimtl g bibhdgs gcalfñchags l alm pgutgsicdi almsuoldèbhcoimti ouy rhtugchzgdgs qui imogsagrgm ieiatl gcalfñchal (plr i`iopcl, ic sgki, qui sh bhim puidi gcagmzgr 76 nrgdls, si agchimtg, alm cl qui si ivgplrg ic gcalflc y, gdioçs, si almsuoi hmoidhgtgoimti gmtis di cg alohdg, ita..).

Qiaumdgrhl0 Im isti agsl si trgtg di0 7) Zirturbgahlmis l imeiroidgdis gdquhrhdgs qui prlduaim gvirshñm l hmtlcirgmahg plr cgs ohsogs agusgs oitgbñchags qui im ic agsl gmtirhlr  2) Cg ixhstimahg di um almdhahlmgohimtl iduagthvl ouy lpirgthvl, prialz y pirogmimti slbri gc mlahvhdgd di cls ieiatls di tgc usl; di elrog shohcgr plr gathtudis di riafgzl psïquhal dhogmgdgs di shtugahlmis vhvimahgcis ouy pirturbgdlrgs im cl pirslmgc, y oçs eriauimtioimti, im ic çobhtl egohchgr, cgblrgc l cingc; 1) Almduatgs rigathvgs g mlrogs prlehcçathags im ricgahñm alm imeiroidgdis pgdiahdgs y auyl auhdgdl l trgtgohimtl hmacuyim cg istrhatg gbsthmimahg; ita.

 

BIBI LRIQ FGBHTYGCIQ ML IVAIQHULQ Qi pcgmtig cg shiopri dheïahc dhsthmahñm imtri ic bibidlr slahgc qui ogmthimi chbirtgd alm ricgahñm gc almsuol di gcalflc y su agmthdgd erimti gquic ltrl qui cg c g phirdi. Ic prhoirl ml ribgsg cls 74: n/siogmg (? 74 umhdgdis/sio y 2.9 umhdgdis /dïg? im cgs ou`iris y cls 27: n/siogmg (?27 umhdgdis/sio y 4 umhdgdis/dïg) im cls flobris. Ahirtgoimti, isti bibidlr ml prisimtg prlbciogs di almduatg mh im cg egohchg mh im ic trgbg`l. Is plr tgmtl, ic gutèmthal –bibidlr ml prlbciog‟. Qlm gprlxhogdgoimti ic 9:% di cg plbcgahñm tltgc. Ic sinumdl pirtimiai gc nrupl di –bibidlris prlbciog‟

 

IC BIBI LR ZRLBCIOG (BIBI LRIQ IVAIQHULQ) X QYQ ICIOIMTLQ HEIRIMAHGCIQ •

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Ic bibidlr prlbciog is um almsuohdlr di gcalflc qui alohimzg g hmnirhr agmthdgdis ixaishvgs, yg sig alm eriauimahg rinrishvgs almsiauimahgs im cls çobhtls egohchgris, gagdèohal l cgblrgc y cingc. Istls almsuohdlris di gcalflc prisimtgm um usl

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hmgdiaugdl plr augmtïg l ehmgchdgd di cg bibhdg. riprisimtgr fgstg um 1:% di cg plbcgahñm tltgc. Zuidim •

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Qlm um nrupl fitirlnèmil qui hmacuyi gquiccls auygs agrgatirïsthags vgrïgm im ricgahñm alm cg elrog di almsuol, cg agusgchdgd l olthvgahñm cg hmtimshdgd di ogrnhmgahñm y dinrgdgahñm slahgc y plr ucthol, cg acïmhag gcalfñchag prisimtgdg y sus egsis ivlcuthvg. Dgm cungr g umg ixtimsg ngog di thpls di –gcalfñchals‟, auyls pirehcis si slcgpgm, fgahimdl ouy dheïahc su diehmhahñm acgrg bg`l um slcl pumtl di vhstg.

Qhnuhimdl cg disarhpahñm di Qlbicc y Qlbicc fgbrïg dls mhvicis di hmtimshdgd, gumqui di blrrlsg mhthdiz im su sipgrgahñm0 Cls qui prisimtgm um pgtrñm di almsuol di gbusl, is diahr, cls shimdl prlphgoimti bibidlris prlbciogs, oçs di cgs tris augrtgs pgrtis dic alciathvl di bibidlris ixaishvls,

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Gquiccls auyl aloplrtgohimtl y dhsplshahñm erimti gc gcalflc cis fgai gariidlris dic agchehagthvl di gcalflcdipimdhimtis, di istls ðcthols um 2:-4:% slm almshdirgdls –dipimdhimtis sivirls‟, is diahr um 9- 7:% di cg plbcgahñm tltgc.

 

Qlbicc y Qlbicc thphehagm gum oçs ic nrupl di cls prlphgoimti bibidlris prlbciog alm cgs shnuhimtis agrgatirïsth agrgatirïsthags0 ags0 

Ml thimim fhstlrhg di shmtlogtlclnïg di gbsthmimahg hoplrtgmti.

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Qu bhlnrgeïg diouistrg umg fhstlrhg di bibidlr qui si riolmtgm g umls ahmal g÷ls, y ouy rgrgoimti g oçs di 7: g÷ls. Qi ogmthimi tldgvïg im umg ahirtg istgbhchdgd slahlegohchgr y ialmñohag.

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Ogmthimim su gutlisthog y ml gaiptgm hdimthehagrsi alol gcalfñchals.

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Zgrg hmacuhrcls im prlnrgogs di trgtgohimtls si cis prisimtg um dhciog olthvgahlmgc0 plr umg pgrti, hoplrtgmtis dirialmlaim tldl thpl qui prl ic agohml qui vgm puidim ccingr g pirdhdgs

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Zlr ltrg, almshdirgm qui cgs almdhahlmis gatugcis ml slm tgm ogcgs alol pgrg  `ustheh  `ust hehagr agr oidhd oidhdgs gs ixaipa ix aipahlmgc hlmgcis is y gsuoh gsuohrr cls cl s iseuirz is euirzls ls y sgar sgarheha hehahls hls qui alopl aloplrtgm rtgm ic di`gr di bibir y sloitirsi g gshstimahg l trgtgohimtl.

 

Cg dimlohmgahñm nimèrhag di –bibidlris ixaishvls‟ hmacuyi umg dhvirshdgd di almsuohdlris qui, sinðm Gclmsl Eirmçmdiz, plsiim umg agrgatirïsthags prlphgs im augmtl g0

Qublrdhmgahñm g cg acïmhag pshquhçtrhag di bgsi.

7. Gc ïmdlci di cg pirdhdg di cg chbirtgd ch birtgd gmti cg bibhdg

almehnurgahñm vhvimahgc gcalfñchag0 7. Almduatgs di fuhdg l ivhtgahñm (oumdl mhrvçmhal).

2. Zèrdhdg di cg agpgahdgd i almtrlc (hopucsl g cg iobrhgnuiz)

2. Almduatgs di dishmfhbhahñm l di istïoucl (oumdl dhlmhsçhal).

1. Zèrdhdg di cg agpgahdgd di cg gbsthmimahg (almsuol dhgrhl/almthmul)

1. Almduatgs gmthdlclr l imeiroidgd gcalflc-eçrogal (oumdl gmshlcïthal).

Ic shnmhehagdl hmstruoimtgc dic gcalflc y sus ieiatls im ricgahñm alm cg

 

X sinðm cg elrog di almsuol, istls ixaisls puidim sir0 Hrrinucgris0 Is cg elrog di hmnistg agrgatirhzgdg plr cg pèrdhdg di almtrlc (cg hoprivhshbhchdgd) im cls almsuols, di gfï ic gpicgthvl di gcalflcñogml pgrg istls bibidlris. Zrisimtgm, usugcoimti umg dipimdimahg pshalalmduatugc prialz. Qi almshdirg qui ic su`itl thimi alol lb`ithvl cg ivgshñm di umg rigchdgd hmslplrtgbci y cg arigahñm di um oumdl muivl (oumdl mhrvçmhal). Almduai di ogmirg pgucgthmg i hmtirohtimti g gcagmzgr vhvimahgs di chbirgahñm qui si riphtim alm cgs muivgs hmnistgs itïchags. Istgs vhvimahgs ci slm ouy nrgtgs y dispcgzgm plr um thiopl g cgs qui fgbhtugcoimti ci galsgm di ghscgohimtl, hmeirhlrhdgd, disispirgmzg y slcidgd. Im isti nrupl pridlohmgm cls egatlris ithlcñnhals dlmdi cg pirslmgchdgd privhg y bçshag thimi um pgpic eumdgoimtgc, icioimtls qui fgm ccivgdl g dimlohmgrcl bibidlr –agrgatirñpgtg‟

 

Rinucgris0 is cg elrog qui dirhvg, tïphagoimti, dic bibidlr –slahgc‟ im cls pgïsis cgthmls. Qi agrgatirhzg plrqui cg pirslmg ml is agpgz di hmtirruophr su hmnistg hm nistg plr pirhldl gcnuml, gumqui, usugcoimti, mumag si iobrhgng. Isti oldl di almsuol vhimi shimdl hmtirpritgdl alol gquic auyl lb`ithvl is cg almslchdgahñm um oumdl y umg rigchdgd oçs nrgtghmnirhdgs y pcgaimtirg pirl dimtrl prlphg rigchdgddi(oumdl dhlmhsïgal). Cgs agmthdgdis di ogmirg dhgrhgdi su supirgm cls 2:-1: n/dïg im cgs ou`iris y cls 4:-5: n/dïg im cls flobris. Im iccls si prisimtg gmtis qui im cls ltrls thpls ic prlaisl di gcalflchzgahñm, tgobhèm ccgogdl di –hoprinmgahñm tñxhag‟, istl laurri agsh shiopri imtri cls tris y ahmal g÷ls. Ml lbstgmti, su aursl is oçs slcgpgdl y cg dipimdimahg pshalalmduatugc si suici fgair pgtimti g cg pgr qui cgs nrgvis y tïphags ogmheistgahlmis di cgs alopchagahlmis, eïshags y/l psïquhags.

 

Qhmtloçthags0 Gquï cgs hmnistgs Qhmtloçthags0 Gquï h mnistgs ml priahsgm sir gbslcutgoimti ixaishvgs, shml qui, gum shimdl oldirgdgs, slbripgsgm cg plshbhchdgd di slplrtgrcgs g agusg dic trgstlrml pshquhçtrhal di bgsi. Qu eumdgoimtl is ic hmtimtl di alopimsgahñm, ixgctgahñm l gpgngohimtl di umg rigchdgd pshalpgtlcñnhag Ogpgtfir si÷gcg dls thpls di bibidlr0 •

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Bibidlr mlrogc0 Is gquic qui bibi busagmdl lbtimir um pcgair pc gair simslrhgc, plr i`iopcl, ic sgblr, l umg chnirg iuelrhg qui egahchti su hmtirricgahñm slahgc. Ic gatl di bibir ccing g almvirthrsi agsh im rhtugc y cg c g gprlxhogahñm g cg bibhdg gcalfñchag y su almsuol gcagmzgm almtimhdls shobñchals im ricgahñm alm cls ieiatls busagdls. Bibidlr pgtlcñnhal0 Is gquic qui cl qui pritimdi is isagpgr di cg olmltlmïg, dic gburrhohimtl di su vhdg l dic suerhohimtl di gcnumg di sus egaitgs bhlnrçehags. Di tldl cl augc dirhvg su rhisnl pgrg rigchzgr almsuols almthmuls y/l hmtimsls.

 

IC BIBI LR GCALFLC- IZIM HIMTI •

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Istg is cg ixprishñm ehmgc di um almsuol arñmhal di gcalflc, augcquhirg qui fgyg shdl cg virthimti hmhahgc qui almdu`l gc ohsol (almsuols hrrinucgris, rinucgris, shmtloçthals, ita.). Cls eimñoimls di tlcirgmahg (prlnrishvg l yg di thpl hmvirsl) y ic sïmdrloi di gbsthmimahg istçm prisimtis di ogmirg agrgatirïsthag. Ml is miaisgrhg cg ixhstimahg di hmtlxhagahlmis gnudgs l iobrhgnuiais imtri cls gmtiaidimtis bhlnrçehals di istls pgahimtis pgrg ic dhgnmlsthal.

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Acçshagoimti si gdohtïg umg dipimdimahg eïshag y ltrg psïquhag. Istls almaiptls fgm timdhdl g umhehagrsi. Cg dipimdimahg eïshag suplmi acgrls agobhls eumahlmgcis im cg oiobrgmg miurlmgc dibhdls g cg egrogalahmèthag y egrogaldhmgohg dic oitgblchsol dic itgmlc plr cls qui si eumdgoimtg cg miaishdgd eïshag di gcalflc (hoprinmgahñm tñxhag l gcalflchzgahñm). Qhm iobgrnl, fly im dïg si fgai oçs fhmagphè im cg dipimdimahg pshalalmduatugc l –diogmdg hmslscgygbci di um ditirohmgdl istgdl vhvimahgc gc qui si supidhtg augcquhir euirzg di rgzñm‟. Isti almaiptl eui gsï diehmhdl plr ^gmki im 7864.

 

ZIREHC ZQHALQLAHGC GATYGC IC ALMQYOH LR Zgrg almlair ic gcalflc gbslcutl hmnirhdl uthchzgols uthc hzgols cg shnuhimti elroucg0 U x N x Almstgmti ? A/7:: Im cg qui U ? Ulcuoim di bibhdg almsuohdg im aimthchtrls. N ? nrgdugahñm gcalfñchag. Almstgmti ? :,6. A ? agmthdgd di gcalflc gbslcutl hmnirhdl im nrgols.

 

ALMAIZTLQ BÇQHALQ ALM RICGAHÑM GC ALMQYOL I GCALFLC

 

  imtrl dic oumdl ogsauchml0 Zldiols ricgahlmgr ic pirehc di almsuol alm cg gathvhdgd slahlcgblrgc. slahlcgblrgc. Im prhoir cungr, ic vgrñm trgbg`gdlr ogmugc (trgbg`gdlr di auiccl gzuc) Isti thpl si agrgatirhzg plr umg elrog di almsuol ixaishvl rinucgr qui disarhbhols y augmthehagols sinðm cg elroucg disarhtg, gsï0 Alohimzg im ic disgyuml alm 7-2 alpgs di chalr, riprisimtg0 (7:.6dc) x (4:°) x (:.6) ? 29.5 n di gcalflc. Almthmug g oidhg og÷gmg alm 2 vgsls di airvizg l vgsls di vhml0 (5dc) x (9°) x :.6) ? 24 n di gcalflc. urgmti su alohdg almsuoi 1 vgsls di vhml y gc ehmgc, alm ic ageè, umg alpg di chalr0 (4dc) x (72° ) x (:.6) ? 16.4 n di gcalflc (:.9dc) x (4:°) x (:.6) ? 75 n di gcalflc; im tltgc0 94.4 n di gcalflc. Zlr cg tgrdi y/l im cg aimg, umls 4 –sflts‟ di vhml0 (1dc) x (72º) x (:.6) ? 75n di gcalflc.

 

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Alol risuctgdl ehmgc timiols qui g cl cgrnl dic dïg fg almsuohdl umls 79:n di gcalflc, pirl ml gcagmzg mhvicis di iobrhgnuiz Zrçathagoimti mumag di ml oidhgr ltrgs ahraumstgmahgs ixaipahlmgcis alol tlog di eçrogals, agmsgmahl ixaishvl, egctg di gchoimtgahñm gdiaugdg, gcnumg shtugahñm iolahlmgc l istrisgmti , ita. Qhm iobgrnl, istg pirslmg fg hmnirhdl ic trhpci di gcalflc dic uobrgc gdohthdl alol pichnrlsl pgrg prlduahr ahrrlshs fipçthag im ic vgrñm.

 

Cg LOQ im su shstiog AHI-7: rialmlai cg imthdgd di –almsuol pir`udhahgc‟ y cls arhtirhls qui si÷gcgm pgrg su dhgnmlsthal slm0 •

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Elrog di almsuol qui geiatg g cg sgcud eïshag l oimtgc (dg÷l di sgcud). Ixhstimahg di almsiauimahgs slahgcis gdvirsgs (ditimahlmis plchahgcis, prlbciogs ogtrholmhgcis, ditirhlrl dic rimdhohimtl cgblrgc, ita.). Cl gmtirhlr l cg riprlbgahñm plr tirairls ml is plr sh cl suehahimti pgrg isti dhgnmlsthal.

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Cgs iobrhgnuiais l –risgags‟ ml di slm,sgcud‟. tgoplal, plr sï slcgs l plr sh ohsogs suehahimtis pgrg almshdirgr –dg÷l •

Ml dibi dhgnmlsthagrsi sh ixhstim ltrls trgstlrmls hmduahdls plr gcalflc l si auopcim cls arhtirhls di dipimdimahg.

 

Im sinumdl cungr, ic vgrñm trgbg`gdlr t rgbg`gdlr gdohmhstrgthvl-i`iauthvl (trgbg`gdlr di auiccl bcgmal) •

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Cl agrgatirhzg um almsuol ixaishvl hrrinucgr. Gumqui puidi fgbir um almsuol rinucgr dhgrhl, èsti is oïmhol, quhzçs plr cg prlphg mgturgcizg di cgs eumahlmis di cg `lrmgdg di trgbg`l. Cg hrrinucgrhdgd cg almsthtuyi ci fgbhtl di ehm di siogmg, g pgrthr dic vhirmis mlafi fgstg dlohmnl tgrdi. Cgs agmthdgdis hmnirhdgs y ic thpl di bibhdgs suicim lsahcgr, pirl usugcoimti supirgm cls 7: vgsls di umg bibhdg gcalfñchags disthcgdg. Cl qui riprisimtg0 [(9 dc) x (4:° ) x (:.6)_ ? 75: n di gcalflc, alol oïmhol. Qlm eriauimtis cgs hmtlxhagahlmis gnudgs (iobrhgnuiais), gcagmzçmdlsi gcalflciohgs imtri 2-1 n plr chtrl.

 

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Cgs almsiauimahgs augmthtgthvgs riðmim cg siauimahg dic almsuol pir`udhahgc  `umtl  `um tl g cgs c gs di d i cgs c gs hmtlx h mtlxhag hagahlm ahlmis is gnudg g nudgs. s. Im istls bibidlris cls prlbciogs ricgahlmgdls alm ic gcalflc gpgriaim prlmtl, g cls g÷ls dic h mhahl di hmhahl su almsuol. Ml lbstgmti, puidim istgr oçs diaugtrl-ahmal 7: g÷ls shm gaudhr g riahbhr gyudg y trgtgohimtl.

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Im cg hmtimshdgd di sus almsuols di gcalflc, di oldl qui si dgm pirhldls di gbsthmimahg, di hmnistg oldirgdg y di euirti e uirti almsuol. Cls istudhls di Ughccgmt rieci`gm qui, eriauimtioimti, si gbsthimim durgmti augtrl oisis im ic pirhldl di um g÷ls. Qhm iobgrnl, alm ic thiopl, shiopri fgy umg timdimahg gc ditirhlrl dic g`usti pshalcñnhal di cg pirslmg, di cgs ricgahlmis ialmñohags y di trgbg`l y ehmgcoimti, di cg almvhvimahg egohchgr y slahgc.

 

Im tirair cungr, ic vgrñm gdlcisaimti0 •

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Cg agrgatirhzg cg elrog di almsuol riaurrimti (di ehm di siogmg). Agdg viz alm oimls dheirimahgs imtri afhals y afhags. Cls gspiatls augmthtgthvls i hmdhagthvls di sus almsuols pldiols elroucgrcls dic shnuhimti oldl0 Ym chtrl y oidhl di airvizg0 [(79 dc) x (9° ) x (:.6)_ ( :.6)_ ? 5:n di gcalflc, alm gcalflciohg di 7n plr chtrl. Ahmal –aubgs‟0 [(2.9dc) x (4:° ) x (:.6)_ ? 6:n di gcalflc, alm gcalflciohgs imtri 7-2n plr chtrl.

 

Gc hmahdhr cls ieiatls g alrtl pcgzl dic gcalflc (hmtlxhagahlmis gnudgs) slbri pirslmgchdgdis im egsis ouy dhvirsgs ogdurgahñm,ialmñohag qui gdioçs im um agdg ispiatrl di idgdis almdidipimdimahg disi clshobrhagm pgdris shnmhehag quiviz cgs ogylr almsiauimahgs slahgcis y cingcis, gdioçs di cgs oèdhags, eïshags y psïquhags, sigm prialais i hoplrtgmtis. Is hoprisahmdhbci um gblrdg`i privimthvl. Istg di almsuol `uvimhc almdhahlmg cg elrogahñm gagdèohag, cls euturls isthcls di vhdg y/l cgspgutg plshbhchdgdis cgblrgcis.

 

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Qi gdohti plr cg ogylrïg di gutlris qui isti `lvim puidi0 7. Olrhr im gaahdimti di trçehal gmtis di cls 29 g÷ls. 2. Uirsi hmvlcuargdl im gatls gmthslahgcis qui dirhvim im almsiauimahgs cingcis açraic, ogrnhmgahñm , ita.. 1. Zlr timir umg agpgahdgd oimlr di oitgblchsol, disgrrlccgr um sïmdrloi di dipimdimahg gcalfñchag g idgd ouy tioprgmg, imtri cls 76 y 29 g÷ls. 4. Almthmugr alm umg pgutg di bibidlr ml ixaishvl di gcalflc g pgrthr di cls 2:-29 g÷ls. 9. Gcnumls gutlris fgbcgm di –bibidlris di gcalflc im rhisnl oèdhal‟, yg qui –hmnhirim tgc agmthdgd di itgmlc qui itgmlc suehahimti pgrg prlvlagrci dg÷l eïshal/lrnçmhal di ogmirg pumtugc‟, y sh istl cl rigchzgm –gc oimls im sihs viais im cgs lafl ucthogs siogmgs‟ quidg almehnurgdl ic thpl.

 

  imtrl dic oumdl eioimhml •

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Zldiols ricgahlmgr ic pirehc di almsuol alm ic nrupl di idgd y èsti istç, g su viz, ricgahlmgdl alm su shtugahñm vhtgc, trgbg`l euirg dic flngr l ml. Qi dibi rialrdgr qui almsthtuahlmgcoimti cg ou`ir tlcirg pilr ic gcalflc, plr cl augc um almsuol ouafl prlduai um ieiatl g alrtl y cgrnl pcgzl iquhvgcimti g gquic qui si prisimtg im ic flobrioimlr alm ltrl oçs hmtimsl.

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Zlr istgs agrgatirïsthags cg ou`ir qui alm suoi fgbhtugcoimti gcalflc –quiog itgpgs‟ oçs di prhsg y cg dipimdimahg pshalalmduatugc si istgbciai oçs rçphdgoimti. Im nimirgc, tldgvïg y dibhdl g muistrl gobhimti aucturgc, cg ou`ir si aucpgbhchzg ouafl oçs qui ic vgrñm di su almduatg alm ricgahñm g cg bibhdg gcalfñchag. Istl shnmhehag qui si ogmtimng plr ouafl thiopl –isalmdhdg‟, ml rialmlahimdl su dipimdimahg y, im almsiauimahg, ml gaiptgmdl cg lplrtumg gyudg tirgpèuthag. Gmtiplmhimdl qui im cg ou`ir is oçs dheïahc thphehagr su gcalflchsol im lrdim g su eriauimahg y augmtïg di almsuol, vgols g disarhbhr dls plshbcis pirehcis shnuhimdl, im pgrti, cl prlpuistl plr ULNT im 786>.

 

Im prhoir cungr cg ou`ir, gog di agsg Isti thpl si agrgatirhzg plr umg pgutg di hmnistg qui agobhg ricgthvgoimti tgrdi y su hmarioimtl di almsuol gcalfñchal si fgai im ricgahñm alm galmtiahohimtls l arhshs vhtgcis almaritgs qui cg ou`ir si vi hmagpgz di supirgr (plr i`iopcl, ic gbgmdlml di cls fh`ls dic flngr ? –Qïmdrloi dic mhdl vgaïl‟. Isti thpl suici prisimtgr umg elrog di almsuol ixaishvl rinucgr alm oloimtls di almsuol ixaishvl hrrinucgr, qui disarhbi y augmthehagols sinðm cg elroucg disarhtg gsï0 Alohimzg g oidhg og÷gmg alm 7-2 alpgs di chalr bibhdgs disthcgdg, cl augc riprisimtg0  [(4dc) x (72°) x (:.6)_ ? 16.4 n di gcalflc. Durgmti su alohdg almsuoi 2-1 vgsls di vhml0 [(4d) x (72° ) x (:.6)_ ? 16.4 n di gcalflc. Zlr cg tgrdi, ehmgchzg alm 1-4 alpgs di chalr/bibhdgs disthcgdg0  [(7.5 dc) x (4:‟) x (:.6) _ ? 97.2 n di gcalflc.

 

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Alol risuctgdl ehmgc timiols qui g cl cgrnl dic dïg fg almsuohdl oçs 7:: n di gcalflc, y g viais gcagmzg mhvicis di iobrhgnuiz im su almsuol vispirthml. Istgs hmnistgs itïchags slbrigsgm alm ouafl ic uobrgc gdohthdl alol pichnrlsl pgrg prlduahr ahrrlshs fipçthag im cg ou`ir.

Im sinumdl cungr, cg ou`ir trgbg`gdlrg gdohmhstrgthvl / i`iauthvl •

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Isti thpl sigcalfñchag agrgatirhzg plr umg pgutg di hmnistg prialzoimti dhstlrshlmgdg, gairaçmdlsi di oldl ivhdimti g cgs elrogs di almsuol dic vgrñm. Istgs ou`iris suicim fgbir rigchzgdl almsuols gbushvls di elrog pumtugc imtri cls 79 y cls 29 g÷ls, alm iphsldhls di iobrhgnuis eriauimtis.

 

Zlr ltrg pgrti, sus almsuols icivgdls ml si ricgahlmgm dhriatgoimti alm ahraumstgmahgs l arhshs pirslmgcis, shml qui oçs bhim slm almshdirgdls um sïoblcl di istgtus, di su isthcl di vhdg y di tlog di plsturg. Ehmgcoimti; imalmtrgols qui su istgdl di sgcud y slahlcgblrgc si ditirhlrg ouy prlmtl. Isti thpl suici prisimtgr umg elrog di almsuol ixaishvl hrrinucgr, qui puidi hmtiragcgrsi alm pirhldls di almsuol ixaishvls rinucgr. Alol sus floñclnls vgrlmis, cgs agmthdgdis hmnirhdgs y ic thpl di bibhdgs suicim lsahcgr, pirl usugcoimti supirgm cls ahmal shiti vgsls di umg bibhdgs gcalfñchag disthcgdg. Cl qui riprisimtg0  [(2,6dc) x (4:° ) x (:.6_ ? 68.5 di gcalflc alol oïmhol. Qlm eriauimtis plr tgmtl, cgs hmtlxhagahlmis gnudgs, gcagmzçmdlsi gcalflciohgs imtri 2-1 n plr chtrl.

 

EGATLRIQ ITHLCÑNHALQ IC GCALFLCHQOL •

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Alm um pumtl di vhstg ouy nimèrhal fgy qui aloimzgr risuctgmdl cg pirogmimahg di cg almtrlvirshg slbri cg mlahvhdgd gbslcutg dic gcalflc slbri cg sgcud y su hmlauhdgd gmti almsuols bg`ls y isplrçdhals. Alm arhtirhls di fhnhimi oimtgc y iduagahñm sgmhtgrhg fgy qui ogmtimir gmti cg prlbgbhchdgd di um dg÷l g cg sgcud (gðm oïmhol y subygaimti l shm ixprishvhdgd acïmhag) cgs rialoimdgahlmis dic usl oldirgdl y umhdl gc almlahohimtl di sus agrgatirïsthags di agchdgd sinðm cg ahimahg imlcñnhag y sus gpchagahlmis bhim dlauoimtgdl, y shm mhmnumg hopchagahñm oçnhag almtrgaucturgc. Alm cls ohsols arhtirhls gmtirhlris fgy qui hmelrogr y elrogr slbri cls c ls hmdudgbcis ieiatls mlahvls ispiaïehals slbri nrupls almaritls di plbcgahñm, g sgbir0 Mh÷ls, gdlcisaimtis y gmahgmls.

 

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Ou`iris (eumdgoimtgcoimti durgmti iobgrgzl y cgatgmahg). Zirslmgs alm trgstlrmls di cg pirslmgchdgd, alm gmtiaidimtis l im shtugahlmis prlachvis g cgs almduatgs dipimdhimtis, hopucshvgs, gnrishvgs, gmthslahgcis, ita.. Imeirols arñmhals, ispiahgcoimti cls –oimtgcis‟.

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Zirslmgs almtlogs prleishlmis di rhisnl, plr di ic usl di grogs, gutloñvhcis, di diahshñm l tgrigs priahshñm, ita..oçquhmgs,

 

Augcquhir tilrïg qui disii ixpchagr cg ithlclnïg di cg dipimdimahg gc gcalflc dibi timir im auimtg cls shnuhimtis fiafls0 

Cg ixhstimahg di hmdhvhduls qui gpgrimtioimti fgm timhdl cg ohsog ixplshahñm gc gcalflc y, shm iobgrnl, umls si fgaim dipimdhimtis y ltrls ml.

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Cg ixhstimahg di hmdhvhduls dipimdhimtis qui fgm hmtimtgmdl almduatgs di gbsthmimahg y fgm ergagsgdl im ripithdgs lagshlmis y, shm iobgrnl, ixhsti cg plshbhchdgd di qui timngm èxhtl im um hmtimtl

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subshnuhimti. Gobls fiafls slm dibhdls g cg ixhstimahg alol egatlr ithlcñnhal ml sñcl dic gcalflc shml qui, tgobhèm fgy qui timir im auimtg ltrls egatlris algdyuvgmtis

 

LTRLQ EGATLRIQ ITHLCÑNHALQ ALG XYUGMTIQ IC GCALFLCHQOL IC TIRRIML0 CG ZIRQLMG

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Bhlcñnhals0 (vucmirgbhchdgd nimèthag l firidgbhchdgd), shiopri im almtrlvirshg Bhlcñnhals0 plr cg dhehauctgd pgrg sipgrgr cl mgturgc di cl gobhimtgc, ispiahgcoimti di cl egohchgr. Ml lbstgmti, risuctgm ouy diolstrgthvls cls istudhls alm nioicls hdèmthals, im èstls cg almalrdgmahg alm ricgahñm gc gcalflchsol is dls viais ogylr qui imtri cls ergtirmls; y tgobhèm cl slm gquiccls qui si fgm laupgdl di ivgcugr im mh÷ls gdlptgdls su rhisnl di gcalflchsol, imalmtrçmdlsi qui èsti is augtrl viais ogylr augmdl ic pgdri p gdri bhlcñnhal is gcalfñchal, ohimtrgs qui ic rhisnl ml si hmarioimtg augmdl gcnðm ohiobrl di cg egohchg gdlpthvg cl is

 

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Zshalcñnhals (vucmirgbhchdgd pirslmgc y pridhsplshahlmis gprimdhdgs) qui almsthtuyim cg pirslmgchdgd –prigcalfñchag‟. Disdi um pumtl di vhstg pshaldhmçohal pshaldhmçohal si hmvlag cg eriauimahg di rgsnls di lrgchdgd im istg pirslmgs qui almduaim g cg hmnistg di gcalflc pgrg dhsohmuhr cg gmnusthg nimirgdg plr cls almechatls iolahlmgcis prlphls dic disgrrlccl y di cgs vhvimahgs bhlnrçehags y gc rieuirzl qui, umg viz almsthtuhdg cg dipimdimahg gcalfñchag, èstg riprisimtg pgrg almthmugr y didi prlphg gmnusthg. Im diehmhthvg, ic gcalflc siisagpgmdl trgmselrogdi i mcls im su almechatls ðmhag euimti d icg nrgthehagahñm.

 

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Ouafls istudhls iopïrhals fgm puistl di richivi qui si bibi pgrg ichohmgr cg almahimahg di ergagsl pirslmgc di ogmirg nimèrhag l, almaritgoimti, di cls dieiatls qui si thimim l ariim timirsi. t imirsi. Is hmdudgbci qui cgs vhvimahgs, vhahshtudis y trguogs iolahlmgcis puidim trgstlrmgr ouafls disgrrlccls di cg pirslmgchdgd. Tgobhèm, cls simthohimtls nimirgdls plr istls galmtiahohimtls di hmeirhlrhdgd, hmsinurhdgd i hmagpgahdgd, puidim pirturbgr sirhgoimti cg vhvimahg ispirgmzgdg y imrhquiaidlrg dic prisimti, pgrgchzgmdl cls pcgmis di euturl, vgahçmdlcls di prlyiatls, hcushlmis y oitgs, i hmstgcgm, plr tgmtl, g cg pirslmg im umg pgshvg ohrgdg gc pgsgdl ccimçmdlcg erustrgahlmis, vgaïl geiathvl y slcidgd hopucsgm g di imalmtrgr gplylsdisimng÷ls, grthehahgcis, gergagsls, viais ouy prialzoimti (phèmsisiqui imcgcgs dhehauctgdis isalcgris y im cgs egohchgs disumhdgs, disistgbhchdgdis l agrimahgs geiathvgs).

 

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Qi gehrog qui imtri cls 7: y 74 g÷ls alohimzg cg gcalflchzgahñm dic 2:% di cls euturls gcalflcñogmls, y qui prçathagoimti tris augrtgs pgrtis di istls fgm hmhahgdl su almduatg di almsuol itïchal ixaishvl gmtis di cls 78 g÷ls.

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Im isti ohsolimsimthdl qui vgclrgr cgrisirvg, ixhstimahg prialz cg dhehauctgdis im cg aloumhagahñm elrog fgy di hmtrlvirshñm, thohdiz, quidialmduaim g ml tlogr aloprlohsls geiathvls, l oimls eriauimtioimti, g riafgzls. •

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Gsï puis, ic gcalflc gyudgrïg g rislcvir, gum qui sñcl im gpgrhimahg, istgs dhehauctgdis hmtirpirslmgcis. Im diehmhthvg, quidg gsï im imtridhafl cg ixhstimahg umg pirslmgchdgd prigcalfñchag ditirohmgdg. Qhm iobgrnl, cg almehnurgahñm di umg di pirslmgchdgd gcalfñchag im ic trgmsaursl dic almsuol ml pgriai plmirsi im dudg. Cls istudhls ouistrgm qui cls c ls pirehcis di pirslmgchdgd di cls bibidlris qui riquhirim trgtgohimtl sh prisimtgm dheirimahgs istgdïsthags shnmhehagthvgs alm ricgahñm g cg pirslmgchdgd oidhg plbcgahlmgc

 

ZQHALZGTLCÑNHAGQ. Cls egatlris qui prlaidim di trgstlrmls rialmlahbcis y dhgnmlsthagbcis dibim sir disnclsgdls im dls nrupls0 7. rgsnls Cls pridhsplmimtis, pridhsplmimtis , imtri qui distgagm trgstlrmls di cg prieirimtioimti pirslmgchdgd, auyls yg si gpumtgm y slmcls lbsirvgbcis im cgahirtls hmegmahg. Zirtimiaim g cg iseirg di cgs pirslmgchdgdis pgshvg y/l dipimdhimti y g cg gmthslahgc. 2. Cls disimagdimgmtis, alol disimagdimgmtis,  alol cgs shtugahlmis di istrès pshalslahgc qui almccivgm trgstlrmls gdgptgdls hmacusl gquiccgs qui sñcl shnmhehag umg hoplrtgmti rigaahñm vhvimahgc (plr i`iopcl, um duicl). Gquï tgobhèm hmacuhols ic ristl r istl di trgstlrmls oimtgcis, imalmtrçmdlsi ispiahgcoimti vhmaucgdls g almduatgs gcalfñchags cls imeirols ogmïgals diprishvls y cls isquhzlerèmhals. Cgs ricgahlmis ixhstimtis imtri cls trgstlrmls oimtgcis di ltrgs ithlclnïgs y ic gcalflchsol mls disblrdgm plr su ixtimshñm y riquhirim di um istudhl ispiahgchzgdl, ml sñcl plr su hoplrtgmahg acïmhag, gshstimahgc y tirgpèuthag, shml tgobhèm plr sus gopchgs hopchagahlmis h opchagahlmis oèdhal cingcis.

 

QLAHLAYCTYRGCIQ L GOBHIMTGCIQ Almvhimi dhsthmnuhr dls mhvicis0 

Gquiccls egatlris gobhimtgcis prñxhols l vhvimahgs prialais hmegmthcis0 umgs cl slm im ricgahñm alm ic gobhimti y cgs gathtudis egohchgris, yg qui egohchgs qui prisimtgm umg hmelrogahñm i hdilclnïg qui prlduai um almsuol almtrlcgdl trgmsohtim isti pgtrñm, ohimtrgs qui gquiccgs im cgs qui ixhsti cg hmecuimahg di um pgdri gcalfñchal,

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L bhim fg um guoimtl di cgs timshlmis y cls prlbciogs im ic flngr l shopcioimti si prlduai um disgrrghnl egohchgr, dgm cungr g qui si prlduzag eçahcoimti cg hmtinrgahñm dic prlphl gcalflcitïchal alolguoimtg. oiagmhsols supirgahñm di isgs almtioprgml cl qui icdipgtrñm di almsuol Ltrgsdiviais is, g trgvès dictimshlmis, gprimdhzg`i cgs elrogs di vhdg im cls rispiathvls oidhls aucturgcis y slahgcis, cg hohtgahñm di cgs almduatgs di pirslmgs shnmhehagthvgs, l dic aloplrtgohimtl oçs fgy imtri cls alopg÷irls di `uinls l dic alcinhl.

 

Gquiccls, prlphgoimti, egatlris slahgcis qui gatðgm alol hmahtgdlris aucturgcis g augcquhir idgd. Di iccls timiols ivhdimahgs dhriatgs i hmdhriatgs. h mdhriatgs. Imtri cgs prhoirgs pldiols si÷gcgr0 7) Cg egahchtgd alm cg qui si riaurri gc gcalflc im augcquhir oloimtl y im augcquhir cungr (riumhlmis slahgcis, aicibrgahlmis, bhimvimhdgs, dispidhdgs, priohls, ita.); 2) Cg prlxhohdgd di cls icioimtls di leirtg (cg nrgm prlduaahñm, cg eçahc dhsplmhbhchdgd y ic bg`l priahl), g tldl iccl si umi cg pirohshvhdgd pubchahtgrhg; 1) Ic pisl di cls icioimtls shobñchals qui si umim gc gcalflc, pgrthaucgroimti gc vhml (di gohstgd, bldgs y auopcig÷ls), di minlahgahñm almehrogr-siccgr gauirdls, di slchdgrhdgd l purhehagahñm (rhtls di brhmdhs, floimg`i, airiolmhgs richnhlsgs). X pgrthaucgroimti, im cls gdlcisaimtis, –rhtl hmhahçthal‟ g cg itgpg gductg, umhdl g su shnmhehagahñm alol icioimtl di alfishñm nrupgc 4) Cg tlcirgmahg slahgc di cg diogmdg qui si ogmhehistg plr0 cg fgbhtugchdgd di cg gshstimahg g bgris l pubs y cls almsuols pðbchals di gcalflc; cg tlcirgmahg, augmdl ml fgy gdohrgahñm, plr cls ixaisls im ic almsuol, y cg bimivlcimti gathtud alm cls aloplrtgohimtls di cls iobrhgngdls.

 

Imtri cgs ivhdimahgs hmdhriatgs timiols cls icioimtls dirhvgdls di cg c g vhdg im umg slahidgd y sus almsiauimahgs di disegsi, disispirgmzg y slcidgd, tgcistiamhehagdg alol0 7. Cg isagsg alfishñm egohchgr, cgs dhehauctgdis pgrg cg c g hmtinrgahñm slahgc 2. Cg dheïahc aloumhagahñm hmtirfuogmg 1. Cls hdigcis di vhdg alopiththvls y cg c g euirzg di umg subaucturg di ivgshñm plr oidhls quïohals.

 

ACÏMHAG IC GCALFLCHQOL0 IVZRIQHÑM QHMTLOGTLCÑNHAG X ALM YATYGC •

Cgs gctirgahlmis pshalpgtlcñnhags hmispiaïehags qui si gslahgm g um almsuol prlclmngdl y/l hmtimsl di gcalflc, pgrg dispuès disarhbhr cls augdrls pshquhçtrhals agrgatirïsthals qui si ricgahlmgm alm istg sustgmahg.

ACÏMHAG I CG HMTLVHAGAHÑM ARÑMHAG0 GQZIATLQ ZRL RÑOHALQ X I IQTG L Cg hmtlxhagahñm arñmhag (gcalflchsol, im su dimlohmgahñm nimèrhag) is almsiauimahg di um almsuol di gcalflc supirhlr gc qui is agpgz di oitgblchzgr ic lrngmhsol, dispuès di rigchzgr tgc almsuol durgmti g÷ls (GAAHÑM HRIATG IC GCALFLC) GCALFLC),, pirl tgobhèm, hmacuyi ic ieiatl di ltrls egatlris0 cls bhlcñnhals (gvhtgohmlshs, dismutrhahñm, dismutrhahñm, ita.), cls slahlaucturgcis l gobhimtgcis y cgs almsiauimahgs pshalslahgcis di tldls iccls (ditirhlrl psïquhal, èthal, ogrnhmgahñmm slahgc, ita.) (GAAHÑM HM HRIATG IC GCALFLC). ogrnhmgahñ Im prhoir cungr disarhbhols cg acçshag dhvhshñm ivlcuthvg dic gcalflchsol prlpuistg plr ic gutlr mlrtigoirhagml I. O. @icchmiak im 7892, dgdl qui im ic disgrrlccl di istgs itgpgs si puidim hobrhagr cgs agdg viz oçs hmtimsgs ogmheistgahlmis di cgs gctirgahlmis sloçthags, pshalpgtlcñnhags y slahgcis qui si vgm prlduahimdl. •

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@icchmiak, trgs um istudhl prleumdl di muoirlsls ohiobrls di cls nrupls di gutlgyudg

di gcalfñchals gmñmhols di su pgïs, prlpusl cg ixhstimahg di augtrl egsis, g sgbir0 Zrhoirg (egsi –prigcalfñchag‟)0 •

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Im iccg ic almsuol si hmhahg plr olthvgahñm slahgc, pirl gc bibir si ixpirhoimtg cñnhal pirslmgc y umg egahchtgahñm di cgs c gs hmtirricgahlmis, y gsï, isti bibir si almvhirti im cg elrog –mlrogc‟ di gerlmtgr y ogmigr ic istrès althdhgml. Qu prlphg mgturgcizg y ieiatls fgaim qui ic i c aloplrtgohimtl dic bibidlr ml risucti ccgogthvl pgrg ic ispiatgdlr mh pcgmtii prlbciogs im mhmnumg iseirg slahgc.

 

Qinumdg (egsi –prldrñohag)0 •

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Im iccg ic almsuol alohimzg g gdquhrhr agrçatir di miaishdgd y ic bibidlr iophizg g tlogr almsahimahg di iccl y, tgobhèm, di gcnumls prhoirls ieiatls civis pirl yg almstgmtis. Alol almsiauimahg, plr um cgdl, bibi g isalmdhdgs, hmacusl dhshoucgmdl cls almsuols, bibhimdl gmtis gaudhr g ehistgsy gl furtgdhccgs, aicibrgahlmis; plr ltrl,bibir tgobhèm oldhehag cg elrog hmnistg alm bibhdgs rçphdgsdi(–di um trgnl‟) pgrgy,dispuès gc ohsol rhtol di clsdidioçs pgrthahpgmtis di cg riumhñm.

Tirairg (egsi di aucpg, aruahgc l arïthag)0 •

Istg almduatg gnrgvg cls ieiatls y prlvlag sus prhoirls simthohimtls di aucpgbhchzgahñm plr cg bibhdg.

Augrtg (egsi –arñmhag‟)0  –arñmhag‟)0  •

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Is gquiccg im qui ic almsuol ccing g sir prçathagoimti dhgrhl y umg viz hmhahgdl si prlshnui fgstg cg iobrhgnuiz. Qi fg supirgdl ic eimñoiml di cg tlcirgmahg y surni ic ieiatl hmvirsl, is diahr, alm plags hmnisthlmis di gcalflc gpgriaim bgstgmti brusagoimti cls sïmtlogs di cg hmtlxhagahñm.

 

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Zlr ltrg pgrti, cls c ls ieiatls di cg hoprinmgahñm tñxhag si ogmhehistgm di ogmirg acgrg (egahis idiogtlsg, tiobclris di cinug, pçrpgdls y ogmls, ticgmnhiatgshgs, alm`umthvgs fhpirèohags, ita.). Im istgs egsis y elrog ivlcuthvg, si g`ustgm oi`lr gc bibidlr ixaishvl hrrinucgr. Ml lbstgmti, hnugc ditirhlrl shnuim cls ltrls thpls di bibidlris. Disdi cuinl qui –is grthehahlsl ic fgbcgr di egsis di disgrrlccl di cg imeiroidgd im ic gcalflchsol puis èsti is shiopri ic risuctgdl r isuctgdl di um prlaisl almthmul dlmdi ic rhtol alm qui si quiogm cgs itgpgs is pirslmgc‟ (Rldrïnuiz Ogrtls, 7868). X, plr ltrg pgrti, cls almlahohimtls gplrtgdls plr cgs muoirlsgs hmvisthngahlmis rigchzgdgs disdi 7892 si÷gcgm qui ml tldgs cgs pirslmgs qui bibim im ixaisl, eumdgoimtgcoimti di oldl hrrinucgr, si vuicvim hmivhtgbcioimti dipimdhimtis dic gcalflc.

 

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Zlr ic almtrgrhl, bgstgmtis pgriaim pldir ogmtimir um pgtrñm di –shopci‟ gbusl durgmti cgrnl pcgzl. Istls fgccgznls fgm ccivgdl g qui, alol si fg ixpuistl, im cgs oldirmgs rivhshlmis di cgs acgshehagahlmis hmtirmgahlmgcis (DQO-U y AHI-7:) AHI- 7:) cgs agtinlrïgs di gbusl y dipimdimahg si imauimtrim im um pcgml di hnugcdgd, gobgs alol agtinlrïgs prhmahpgcis, ohimtrgs qui im ic DQO-HHHR (786>) ic dhgnmñsthal di gbusl si elroucgbg plr ixacushñm dic di dipimdimahg, is diahr, quidgbg ic prhoirl alol umg gctirmgthvg rishdugc augmdl ml si auopcïgm cls arhtirhls alrrisplmdhimtis gc sinumdl. Istgs oldhehagahlmis y almshdirgahlmis slm, cinl, ixtimshbcis g tldgs cgs dioçs drlngs. Cgs ogmheistgahlmis prldrñohags dic gcalflchsol si dhstrhbuyim im tris çrigs0 cg cg sloçthag, cg pshquhçtrhag y cg slahgc. Mlsltrls mls laupgols gquï sñcl di cgs dls ðcthogs.

 

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Cg acïmhag prldrñohag pshquhçtrhag si agrgatirhzg plr0 umg prhohthvgahñm di cg pirslmgchdgd (privgciaim cgs almduatgs dirhvgs di cgs miaishdgdis bçshags), umg pèrdhdg di eumahlmis alnmhthvgs i hmticiathvgs (dislrngmhzgahñm di cls prlaisgohimtls di cgs ixpirhimahgs riahimtis y pilr oiolrhg di eh`gahñm), umg gctirgahñm di cls rhtols bhlcñnhals (dhehauctgd pgrg dlrohr y gctirgahñm dic gpithtl) y im ic pcgml geiathvl privgciaim cls simthohimtls di gutlixaucpgahñm.

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Cgs ogmheistgahlmis prldrñohags slahgcis (egohchgris, cgblrgcis y cingcis) vhimim rialmlahdgs, prhmahpgcoimti, plr cls egohchgris oçs dhriatls y gquiccls qui alopgrtim su oidhl cgblrgc (dhsaushlmis, oimthrgs, gusimthsol, dhsohmuahñm di rimdhohimtl, ita.). Istgs gctirgahlmis prldrñohags vgm gdquhrhimdl ogylr hmtimshdgd pgrg aloimzgr g sir cls sïmtlogs hmhahgcis di augdrls pshquhçtrhals diehmhdls. Cls prhoirls dls gspiatls geiatgdls dic gcalfñchal im ic pcgml pshalpgtlcñnhal slm0 cg alnmhahñm y cg pirslmgchdgd

 

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Alm ricgahñm g cg prhoirg, ic bibidlr prisimtg agdg viz ogylris dhehauctgdis di almaimtrgahñm, ixhsthimdl pirhldls di dislrhimtgahñm tioplrlispgahgc y almeushñm oimtgc, gshohsol slm eriauimtis cgs cgnumgs gomèshags. X alm ricgahñm g cg pirslmgchdgd si÷gciols qui èsti oldhehag su pirehc, alm ogmheistgahlmis hmgprlphgdgs di `lvhgchdgd l iuelrhg ixgnirgdg, im ltrgs lagshlmis ouistrg umg hmdheirimahg lpthohstg l bhim umg cgbhchdgd geiathvg qui puidi pgsgr g umg hmalmthmimahg iolahlmgc.

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Qhimdl, viz,ogshvl ouy eriauimtis cgs ixprishlmis diqui hrrhtgbhchdgd y susaipthbhchdgd y, (ic tgobhèm,gicsuusl di rgahlmgchzgahlmis alm cgs si `usthehag tldg cg almduatg prlphl almsuol, sus hmauopchohimtls egohchgris y cgblrgcis, ita.). Ml tlcirg almtrgdhaahlmis mh erustrgahlmis.

 

Trgstlrmls oimtgcis y dic aloplrtgohimtl ricgahlmgdls alm ic gcalflc •

Cg pgtlclnïg pshquhçtrhag dirhvgdg dic almsuol di gcalflc is ixtimsg. Acçshagoimti si fg istudhgdl gtimdhimdl g su elrog di hmhahl y aursl, y èstg is cg lrhimtgahñm alm qui si ixplmim g almthmugahñm cls trgstlrmls.

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Ml lbstgmti, imtimdiols cg miaishdgd di flolclngr cgs dimlohmgahlmis acçshags g cgs qui oldirmgoimti si uthchzgm im cgs ucthogs rivhshlmis di cg AHI y DQO y alm lb`itl di timir umg vhshñm hmtinrgc di cg tirohmlclnïg gatugcoimti uthchzgdg risuohols cgs Im Tgbcgs 24.U24. y UH UUHH H cgs qui istls ogmugcis dhgnmñsthalsimdgm. cg tgbcg sidimlohmgahlmis prisimtgm umhehagdgs cgs dls acgshehagahlmis y, gdioçs si imauimtrgm rieci`gdls cls rispiathvls añdhnls hdimthehagthvls qui si uthchzgm pgrg agdg trgstlrml.

 

TRGQTLRMLQ OIMTGCIQ X IC ALOZLRTGOHIMTL IBH LQ GC ALMQYOL I GCALFLC QINÐM CG AHI7:.

 

TRGQTLRMLQ OIMTGCIQ X IC ALOZLRTGOHIMTL RICGAHLMG LQ ALM IC GCALFLC QO

 

HMTLVHAGAHÑM GCALFÑCHAG GNY G •

Rialrdiols sñcl qui èstgs puidim prlduahrsi tgmtl im almsuohdlris ml fgbhtugcis di gcalflc alol im cls fgbhtugcis, y imtri istls ðcthols im bibidlris ml ixaishvls y ixaishvls, dgdl qui cg hmtlxhagahñm gnudg tïphag vhimi g sir ic risuctgdl dic almsuol riahimti di agmthdgdis hoplrtgmtis di gcalflc. Im diehmhthvg, diehmhth vg, cg hmtlxhagahñm gcalfñchag gnudg tïphagalm ml pri`uzng usugcoimti ic gcalflc.cg shtugahñm di cg pirslmg im su elrog di ricgahlmgrsi

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Cg hmtlxhagahñm gnudg tïphag is tgm pgtlcñnhag alol cg c g gtïphag, gumqui cls ogmugcis acgshehagtlrhls di imeiroidgdis ci dim g cg ðcthog tgc dimlohmgahñm. Cg gthphahdgd di cg hmtlxhagahñm si fgccg im qui èstg si prlduai alm um almsuol ricgthvgoimti isagsl di gcalflc, cl augc puidi sir dhseumahñm dibhdl g umfipçthag dèehaht almsthtuahlmgc prhogrhl, di thpl imzhoçthal, l bhim, dibirsi g umg siaumdgrhg, y agusgdg hmacusl plr um almsuol hmtimsl y/l prlclmngdl di gcalflc.

 

TRGQTLRMLQ OIMTGCIQ X IC ALOZLRTGOHIMTL RICGAHLMG LQ ALM IC GCALFLC0 AÑ HNLQ (AHI-7: X QO-HU).

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Trgstlrmls dic istgdl di çmhol (287.6) Trgstlrml di gmshidgd (287.6) Trgstlrml sixugc (287.6) Trgstlrml dic sui÷l (287.6) E7:.8 Trgstlrml ricgahlmgdl alm ic gcalflc shm ispiahehagahñm (287.8)

 

QÏM RLOI I GBQTHMIMAHG GCALFÑCHAG. TRGTGOHIMTL •

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Im cgs pirslmgs qui almsuoim gcalflc di ogmirg hmtimsg y/l prlclmngdg, ic disaimsl rçphdl dic almtimhdl di gcalflc dic lrngmhsol suici prlduahr dhvirsgs ogmheistgahlmis eïshags. Zlr tgmtl, im cg pirslmg alm hoprinmgahñm tñxhag l gcalflchzgahñm, ic aisi dic almsuol di gcalflc si galopg÷grïg di hmtimshehagahñm dic tiobclr dhstgc di ogmls, hmslomhl prialz i hmquhitud oltlrg, mçusigs y vñohtls, gmshidgd i hmarioimtl h marioimtl di cg timshñm grtirhgc, eriauimahg agrdïgag y risphrgtlrhg y tiopirgturg alrplrgc.

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Istg shmtlogtlclnïg um sïmdrloi di gbsthmimahg ml icalopchagdl, sir oçxhog g cgs 46- >2 agrgatirhzg flrgs y g viais pirogmiai lstimshbci im aursl di cgsuici siogmg shnuhimti. Im lagshlmis puidi diolrgr su gpgrhahñm fgstg dls siogmgs dispuès di fgbir suspimdhdl ic almsuol di gcalflc.

 

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Ic sïmdrloi di gbsthmimahg puidi alopchagrsi alm cg prisimahg di almvucshlmis, qui puidim gpgriair imtri cgs >-16 flrgs trgs cgs ðcthog hmnistg y gcagmzgr cg oçxhog eriauimahg fgahg cgs 24 flrgs. Ltrg alopchagahñm, èstg oçs nrgvi, is ic dichrhuo. Acçshagoimti si ci fg dimlohmgdl diccrhuo trioims y suplmi umg urnimahg oèdhag, qui riquhiri shiopri flsphtgchzgahñm y prisimtg umg olrtgchdgd isthog dic 7:% im cls pgahimtis ml trgtgdls. Is cg c g imeiroidgd pshquhçtrhag qui priahsg oçs gtimahñm oèdhag imtri tldgs cgs almlahdgs. Ic dichrhuo trioims nimirgcoimti si prlduai im almsuohdlris di gcalflc qui ccivgm bibhimdl vgrhls g÷ls, y im cls qui diariaim cls mhvicis pcgsoçthals di gcalflc, priahphtgmdl su gpgrhahñm eriauimtioimti ltrls egatlris, alol plr i`iopcl0 prlaisls tñxhal ‑ hmeiaahlsls, trguoçthals l quhrðrnhals.

 

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Ic alohimzl dic dichrhuo puidi sir brusal l, oçs eriauimtioimti, vimhr priaidhdl plr cg cg shmtlogtlclnïg prlphg di cg gbsthmimahg gcalfñchag ml alopchagdg l, g viais, plr gquiccg alopchagdg plr almvucshlmis. Gsï puis, um dhgnmlsthal prialz y alrriatl puidi privimhr alm ic lplrtuml trgtgohimtl ic disimagdimgohimtl di tgm nrgvi augdrl. Alm ricgahñm g cg agusg dic dichrhuo im ic gcalflchsol, si prlplmi cg ixhstimahg di um trgstlrml oitgbñchal oðcthpci dibhdl, plr um cgdl, g cg oimlr agpgahdgd dishmtlxhagmti dic fïngdl. Cgs gctirgahlmis dhriatgs lrhnhmgdgs plr ic gcalflc slbri ic oitgblchsol di fhdrgtls di agrblml y di prltiïmgs, g cls qui si umi ic istgdl di dismutrhahñm di cg pirslmg y di fhplxiohg dic shstiog mirvhlsl aimtrgc y cls egatlris ixñnimls gmtirhlroimti ahtgdls.

 

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Ic dichrhuo, disdi um pumtl di vhstg acïmhal, is um istgdl almeushlmgc alm lbmubhcgahñm di cg almahimahg, gctirgahlmis simslpiraipthvgs y pshaloltlrgs y umg fhpirgathvhdgd dic shstiog gutñmlol (tgquhagrdhg, sudlrgahñm prleusg, fhpirtimshñm, ehibri y ohdrhgshs). Cls trgstlrmls piraipthvls oçs eriauimtis im ic gcalflcdipimdhimti slm cgs gcuahmgahlmis vhsugcis oharlzlñpshgs y cgs tçathcis. Qu disarhpahñm dic imtlrml suici sir tirrlrïehag; vim agrgs shmhistrgs plr dlquhir, ripthcis i hmsiatls qui rialrrim cgs sçbgmgs y su auirpl, pgridis qui si dielrogm, ita.. Tldl iccl is vhvhdl alm nrgm gmnusthg l añcirg, y g viais iuelrhg; si galopg÷g, tgobhèm di gnhtgahñm. Gobgs gctirgahlmis (cg geiathvg y cg oltlrg) almduaim g almduatgs gnrishvgs, ixpchagbcis, ouafgs viais alol dieimsg di augmtl istç –vhimdl‟.

 

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Ltrg agrgatirïsthag is um istgdl di fhpirsunisthlmgbhchdgd, di ogmirg qui is eçahc cg hmduaahñm di gcuahmgahlmis y gathvhdgdis oltlrgs shopcis. Gdioçs, ml is rgrg cg prisimahg dic –dichrhl laupgahlmgc‟ (ic pgahimti arii istgr im ic trgbg`l y rigchzg olvhohimtls alopci`ls di su prleishñm fgbhtugc). Cg agusg di egcciahohimtl im istg pgtlclnïg si imauimtrg im ic nrgvi disiquhchbrhl fhdrliciatrlcïthal qui si prlduai, gumqui ltrgs viais is dibhdl g umg arhshs di fhpirphrixhg y egccl di cls ñrngmls vhtgcis aloprloithdls. Ic ristgbciahohimtl um dichrhuo dich rhuo trioimsegtgcis trgtgdlimoèdhagoimti suici sir cl fgbhtugc, pirl tldgvïg fly sidi prlduaim disimcgais ic oidhl flsphtgcgrhl, y gdioçs dibi almshdirgrsi cg plshbhchdgd dic istgbciahohimtl plstirhlr di augdrls arñmhals diehahtgrhls l dioimahgcis.

 

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Cg tirgpèuthag dic dichrhuo trioims aloprimdi dhsthmtgs oidhdgs. Ymgs di thpl nimirgc, tgcis alol shtugr gc pgahimti im umg fgbhtgahñm trgmquhcg y bg`l almthmug vhnhcgmahg, ivhtgmdl ic timir qui riaurrhr g cg almtimahñm eïshag. Cg hcuohmgahñm gobhimtgc dibi sir timui y almthmug (im cg lsaurhdgd tltgc ic augdrl gcuahmgtlrhl si hmtimshehag). Ouy hoplrtgmti is hmstgurgr hmoidhgtgoimti pgutgs pgrg umg buimg fhdrgtgahñm y rigchzgr pirhñdhagoimti um almtrlc di cgs almstgmtis vhtgcis hlmlnrgogs. Zgrg ic trgtgohimtl dic sïmdrloi di gbsthmimahg si fgm uthchzgdl dhvirsls eçrogals Aloimtgriols gcnumgs di sus vimtg`gs y disvimtg`gs. Ic eçrogal oçs uthchzgdl is ic aclroithgzlc. Qi trgtg di um dirhvgdl thzñchal di cg vhtgohmg B, qui prisimtg gaahlmis sidgmtis, gmthalmvucshvgmtis i fhpmñthags. Qi arii qui gatðg guoimtgmdl cg trgmsohshñm NGBG - ènhag g mhvic dic QMA. Imtri cls ieiatls hmdisigbcis qui puidi prisimtgr distgagm cg diprishñm risphrgtlrhg, cg dhsohmuahñm di rieci`ls y di cg allrdhmgahñm di olvhohimtls y cg pltimahgahñm di cls ieiatls diprislris dic gcalflc. Zlsi tlcirgmahg aruzgdg alm ic itgmlc y puidi prlduahr dipimdimahg. Cg vïg lrgc is cg oçs sinurg y cgs dlshs vgrïgm imtri 4:: on y 2n sinðm cgs dheirimtis pgutgs uthchzgdgs y cg nrgvidgd dic sïmdrloi

 

  HGNMLQTHAL HGNMLQTHAL HEIRIMAHGC IMTRI ICHRHYO TRIOIMQ X GCYAHMLQHQ GCALFÑCHAG

 

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Cgs bimzldhgaiphmgs fgm shdl uthchzgdgs disdi fgai ouafls g÷ls y si almshdirg um trgtgohimtl acçshal. Qi usgm ic dhgzipgo (79 -1: on/dïg), ic aclrgaipgtl dhpltçshal (797:: on/dïg) l ic aclrldhgaipñxhdl (29-9: on augtrl viais gc dïg, riduahimdl cg dlshs im um 2:% durgmti um pirïldl di ahmal dïgs). Ic trgtgohimtl si prlclmngrç durgmti umg tris siogmgs, dhsohmuyimdl cg dlshs pgucgthmgoimti. Fly im dïg si priehirim ltrls trgtgohimtls qui ml prisimtgm tlcirgmahg aruzgdg alm ic gcalflc.

 

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Cgs pgutgs dhgnmñsthags qui si÷gcg cg AHI-7: pgrg ic sïmdrloi di gbsthmimahg gcalfñchag slm0 Cg Acïmhag ispiaïehag (sloçthag y psïquhag) plr suspimshñm di almsuol gcalfñchal. Cg rieirimahg di cls prlphls imeirols di qui cls sïmtlogs dic sïmdrloi di gbsthmimahg disgpgriaim augmdl vuicvim g bibir. Alol is um hmdhagdlr di sïmdrloi di dipimdimahg, cls arhtirhls pgrg isti ucthol tgobhèm dibim sir timhdls im almshdirgahñm (suici ixhsthr umg fhstlrhg bhlnrçehag di almsuol gcalfñchal hoplrtgmti). Cg plshbci hmduaahñm di cg acïmhag dic sïmdrloi di dipimdimahg plr istïoucls gprimdhdls l almdhahlmgdls, gum im gusimahg di um usl privhl hmoidhgtl di cg sustgmahg.

 

GCYAHMLQHQ GCALFÑCHAG

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Zuidi timir um hmhahl gnudl l subgnudl, di dïgs l siogmgs, y si prlclmng, g viais, vgrhls oisis, umg vizeumdgoimtgcoimti suspimdhdl ic almsuol Qi agrgatirhzg plr prisimtgrsi um trgstlrml gcuahmgtlrhl, di thplitïchal. gudhthvl.

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Ic gcalflcdipimdhimti lyi vlais qui fgbcgm imtri sï, riehrhèmdlsi r iehrhèmdlsi g èc im tlml gausgtlrhl l goimgzgmti y fgbhtugcoimti, slbri iccgs cg pirslmg rigchzg um dichrhl hmtirpritgthvl, is diahr, eçbrhag um shstiog di hdigs h digs dichrlhdi di almtimhdl pirsiautlrhl, ariyimdl istgr rldigdl di imiohnls y qui si ci vhnhcg plr tldgs pgrtis. Ic mhvic di almahimahg ml si imauimtrg gctirgdl y su lrhimtgahñm tioplrlispgahgc is buimg, gsï alol su agpgahdgd hmticiatugc.

 

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Ml ixhstim tgoplal shnmls miurlcñnhals l sloçthals ricivgmtis y ispiaïehals. Cg gmshidgd hmtimsg alm qui ic gcalflcdipimdhimti vhvi isti augdrl si trgduai im hoplrtgmtis gctirgahlmis di almduatg, qui ecuatðgm imtri cg fuhdg pçmhag y cg dieimsg gathvg. Cg prhoirg si trgduai im ghscgohimtl im su rishdimahg, agobhl di vhvhimdg, hmacusl ic suhahdhl y cg sinumdg shnmhehag aloprgr grogs, slchahtgr gyudg di cg egohchg, egohch g, gohnls, plchaïg, ita.., y ml slm rgrls r grls cls aloplrtgohimtls fitirlgnrishvls qui ci ccivgm g cishlmgr nrgvioimti g tirairls. Cg ivlcuahñm oçs usugc is fgahg cg aurgahñm alm ic aisi dic almsuol gcalfñchal. Ml lbstgmti, puidi laurrhr, im ltrls agsls, cg c g imtrlmhzgahñm di cls sïmtlogs (dichrhl rishdugc) y pgrg gcnumls gutlris isti fiafl risuctg sunisthvl di cg ixhstimahg privhg di umg isquhzlerimhg cgtimti.

 

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Ic trgtgohimtl di cg gcuahmlshs gcalfñchag suici riquirhr hmnrisl flsphtgcgrhl. Cg suspimshñm di almsuol gcalfñchal is eumdgoimtgc y miaishtg qui si pristi gtimahñm g cls sïmtlogs di gbsthmimahg. Ymg gathtud almsirvgdlr pgrgalm almstgtgr umg riohshñm isplmtgmig di sïmtlogs prlplmi gmtis diispirgr ristgurgrumg umsiogmg trgtgohimtl miurlcèpthals, ltrls gutlris lphmg qui dibi gpchagrsi hmoidhgtgoimti istg tirgpèuthag.

Zgrgmlhg gcalfñchag •

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Isti augdrl, tgobhèm istç hmacuhdl im cgs gatugcis acgshehagahlmis dhgnmlsthags (AHI-7: y DQO-HU8 dimtrl di cls trgstlrmls pshañthals hmduahdls plr ic gcalflc. Cg pgrgmlhg gcalfñchag almsthtuyi ic dichrhl di istls tirgphg gcalfñchag pgtlclnïg pgrthaucgroimti disarhtg pgrg ic bibidlr vgrñm (gumqui tgobhèm puidi dgrsi im cg ou`ir gcalfñchag) y is cg agusg oçs eriauimti di gnrishvhdgd dic gcalflc dipimdhimti. Gclmsl Eirmçmdiz, shnuhimdl g Klcci, dhsthmnui tris oldgchdgdis.

 

 Cg ehnurg dic –bibidlr aiclsl‟0 •

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Qi trgtg di um trgstlrml shmtloçthal (siaumdgrhl) hobrhagdl im iphsldhls di hmtlxhagahñm gnudg. Cg dishmfhbhahñm qui prlduai gcalflc almccivg cg chbirgahñmy di um alm o gtirhgc ogtirhgc psïquhal fgstg imtlmais riprhohdl0 cls ic simthohimtls di disalmehgmzg aicls ricgahñm g su pgri`g y qui slm ixpuistls gbhirtgoimti plr ic bibidlr. Cgs rigaahlmis di trgselmdl di aicls g cgs vhvimahgs hopchagdgs im su shtugahñm0 Cg vhvimahg oçs hoplrtgmti qui suici hmtirvimhr is cg c g dhseumahñm sixugc (di lrhnim pshallrnçmhag). Ic gcalflcdipimdhimti rgahlmgchzg su hopltimahg sixugc aucpgmdl g su pgri`g y g sus muoirlsls gogmtis. Im isti agsl sus ixprishlmis aicltïphags ml istçm im ricgahñm alm sus almsuols gcalfñchals.

 

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Cgs dls oldgchdgdis priaidimtis si agrgatirhzgm plr gausgahlmis di hmehdichdgd, alm eriauimahg ixtriogs, galopg÷gdgs di hmsuctls y im lagshlmis, di vhlcimahg eïshag. Qi usg ic gcalflc pgrg gchvhgr tioplrgcoimti sus slspiafgs, istgbciahèmdlsi um ahraucl vhahlsls di dheïahc gblrdg`i. Ml lbstgmti, im sï ohsols, istls trgstlrmls ml suicim priahsgr um trgtgohimtl ispiahehal, puis qui cg gbsthmimahg si gslahg, mlrogcoimti, g umg oi`lrïg acïmhag. G su viz cg rigpgrhahñm dic tiog dicgmti is shnml di qui cg pirslmg vuicvi g bibir. Ic dichrhl di aicls im simthdl istrhatl0 Is slspiaflsl di um trgstlrml isquhzlerèmhal di thpl pgrgmlhdi disimagdimgdl plr ic almsuol gcalfñchal hmtimsl y/l prlclmngdl. Zlr tgmtl, gdioçs di riquirhr di cg gbsthmimahg itïchag, su trgtgohimtl ml dhehiri di augcquhir ltrl trgstlrml isquhzlerèmhal.

 

TRGQTLRMLQ IC IQTG L I GMHOL •

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Cg diprishñm alm ouafg eriauimahg, y oçs rgrgoimti cg ogmïg, galopg÷gm ic almsuol hoplrtgmti y rihtirgdl di gcalflc. Ic dhgnmlsthal di trgstlrml dic istgdl di gmhol hmduahdl plr gcalflc si aimtrg im qui cls sïmtlogs gpgriaim cuinl sñcl alm ricgahñm g cg bibhdg y almthmðgm durgmti vgrhls dïgs, fgstggeiathvls augtrl siogmgs, di cg gbsthmimahg.

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Ic 6:% di cls gcalfñchals riehiri shmtlogtlclnïg diprishvg; im ic 1:-4:% ic augdrl si prlclmng dls siogmgs l oçs. Qhm iobgrnl, sñcl ic 9% di cls vgrlmis y ic 7:% di cgs ou`iris auopcim cls arhtirhls dhgnmñsthals di diprishñm ogylr (DQO-HU) (DQ O-HU) l iphsldhl diprishvl (AHI-7:) augmdl ml bibi. Cgs tgsgs di suhahdhl slm di 8 g 22 viais oçs gctgs imtri cls gcalfñchals qui im cg plbcgahñm nimirgc. Gdioçs, im iccls si dgm oètldls oçs vhlcimtls y ixhsti umg ogylr timdimahg g ripithr r ipithr cgs timtgthvgs gutlcïthags, nimirgcoimti im ic hmtirvgcl di plals oisis.

 

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Alm tldl, is hoplrtgmti distgagr qui, g pisgr di sir cg diprishñm ouy eriauimti im ic gcalflchsol y timir ogmheistgahlmis acïmhags hmtimsgs, istg pgtlclnïg oi`lrg lstimshbcioimti y im plal thiopl, alm sñcl cg gbsthmimahg. Cgs ecuatugahlmis gmïohags qui si prlduaim im cls prhoirls oisis di gbsthmimahg slm civis y alrrisplmdi g cg riaupirgahñm mlrogc dic gcalfñchal y ml dibim, plr tgmtl, t gmtl, gtrhbuhrsi g um trgstlrml hmdipimdhimti dic istgdl di çmhol. Zlr ltrg pgrti, um dgtl qui dibi timirsi prisimti im cg gtimahñm oèdhag di istls pgahimtis is qui ic gcalfñchal almsuctg slbri tldl plr su –diprishñm‟, imaubrhimdl gsï su dipimdimahg. Almvhimi, plr iccl, almlair qui ic lrhnim di cg diprishñm im ic gcalflchsol si gtrhbuyi g0

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Ymg rigaahñm pshalcñnhag aloprimshbci gmti cgs almsiauimahgs di su dipimdimahg (eriauimti simthohimtls di aucpg y ohmusvgcïg).

 

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Cls trgstlrmls miurlquïohals qui si prlduaim im ic prlaisl di gcalflchzgahñm. Cg pirslmgchdgd dhseñrhag di cls gcalflcdipimdhimtis.

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Cg –risgag‟ l sir pgrti prlphgoimti di cg shmtlogtlclnïg dic sïmdrloi di gbsthmimahg.

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Icioimtls egathahls, busagmdl ngmgmahgs siaumdgrhgs.

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Zlr ucthol,umpuidi si busag ieiatltrgtgrsi di um iphsldhl diprishvl nimuhml y alm ic almsuol di gcalflc

 

TRGQTLRML I GMQHI G •

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Ic trgstlrml di gmshidgd hmduahdl plr gcalflc tgobhèm is aloðm. Airag dic 6:% di cls gcalfñchals prisimtg iphsldhls di gmnusthg sirhls durgmti cg gbsthmimahg. G viais alixhstim alm ogmheistgahlmis gnlrgeñbhags. Tgobhèm si lbsirvgm ouafls sïmtlogs di gmshidgd nimirgchzgdg. Ml lbstgmti cg prlbgbhchdgd di gmshidgd alol pgtlclnïg hmdipimdhimti ml dhehiri g cg di cg plbcgahñm nimirgc. Ic trgstlrml di gmshidgd hmduahdl plr gcalflc tgobhèm is aloðm.

 

TRGQTLRML IC QYI×L

Trgstlrml dic sui÷l •

Ic almsuol di gcalflc puidi sir im um prhoir oloimtl ðthc pgrg almahchgr ic sui÷l, pirl g cg cgrng prlduai umg gctirmgmahg di sus egsis qui si almlai alol ergnoimtgahñm dic sui÷l, dgmdl cungr g um sui÷l isagsgoimti ripgrgdlr.

Qi thimdi g galrtgr cg egs RIO i hmfhbhr cg c g egsi 4. •

Istg shtugahñm almduai g um ahraucl vhahlsl im qui si bibi pgrg –disagmsgr‟ y ic risuctgdl is um dlrohr agdg viz oçs hmquhitl y cciml di pisgdhccgs gpimgs ripgrgdlr.

 

  HQEYMAHÑM QIVYGC •

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Cls ieiatls gnudls dic gcalflc alm ricgahñm gc çrig sixugc prlbgbcioimti si dibgm g cg gaahñm dhriatg di istg sustgmahg slbri ic shstiog mirvhlsl. Ic gcalflc is um diprislr alm ieiatl bheçshal, prhoirl hmfhbi cgs eumahlmis psïquhags supirhlris, plr tgmtl istgs di`gm di i`irair almtrlc slbri ltrls shstiogs, alol gquiccgs qui hmtirvhimim im cg sixugchdgd y cg gnrishvhdgd, pirl augmdl cgs almaimtrgahlmis si hmarioimtg tgobhèm gatðg bclquigmdl isti shstiog hmeirhlris. Cg dishmfhbhahñm almduatugcis is cg almsiauimahg hmoidhgtg di su prhogrg gaahñm. X g istg dishmfhbhahñm si suogm cgs ixpiatgthvgs dic su`itl y cls istïoucls dic almtixtl slahgc im ic qui si prlduai ic almsuol. Im cls gcalfñchals, flobris y ou`iris, cls prlbciogs im cg iseirg sixugc slm almstgmtis, y g viais slm um prhoir olthvl di almsuctg oèdhag. Ic almsuol di agmthdgdis di gcalflc icivgdgs, tgmtl im flobris alol im ou`iris, ditirhlrg cg agpgahdgd di ixahtgahñm, ccingmdl g cg hopltimahg im ic agsl dic vgrñm y g cg gmlrngsohg pgrg gobls.

 

IZHQL HLQ I GOMIQHG TRGMQHTLRHG •

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Istls iphsldhls (bcgakluts, gpgnlmis, cgnumgs l pgchopsistls) slm augdrls di gomishg gmtirñnrgdg qui thimim cungr augmdl cg pirslmg bibi ouafl pirl gpgrimtioimti pirogmiai disphirtg y alm almduatgs oltñrhags alrriatgs, almsthtuyim virdgdirls istgdls aripusaucgris di cg almahimahg. Ml riauirdg dlmdi fg istgdl, im què agcci istgahlmñ ic alafi, alm quhimis istuvl, ita.. Qlm iphsldhls ispiahgcoimti prilaupgmtis pgr quhim cls pgdiai, puis ci quidg cg dudg di sh im isi pirhldl di thiopl gatuñ di umg elrog hmalrriatg l hoprudimti, ita.. Cls puidim ixpirhoimtgr hnugcoimti cls ml gcalfñchals augmdl bibim, pirl alm ouafg oimlr eriauimahg qui cls gcalflcdipimdhimtis. Ml lbstgmti, gcnumls gutlris si÷gcgm qui isti trgstlrml di oiolrhg ml hopchag ogylr prlbgbhchdgd di1 gbusl l dipimdimahg. Ic –gpgnñm‟ ml ehnurg imtri cls arhtirhls dhgnmñsthals dic DQO-HU l cg AHI-7: y is dhsthmtl di cg gomishg pirshstimti hmduahdg plr ic gcalflc. Istls istgdls aripusaucgris, galopg÷gdls l ml di eung (almduatg di digobucgahñm, vhg`is, ita.), suicim prisimtgrsi gc ehmgc di umg almduatg gcalfñchag prlclmngdg. Cg gomishg aloprimdi disdi ic hmhahl di cg bibhdg fgstg cg riaupirgahñm di cg cuahdiz.

 

IMAIEGCLZGTÏGQ GCALFÑCHAGQ ARÑMHAGQ •

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Bg`l isti rñtucl si galnim umg sirhi di augdrls gmgtlolacïmhals di cls augcis ic oçs hoplrtgmti, plr su ogylr eriauimahg, im cg imaiegclpgtïg di Ngyit ^irmhaki. Istls trgstlrmls slm virdgdirgoimti alopchagahlmis miurlcñnhags alm ogmheistgahlmis psïquhags y si imalmtrgbgm hmacuhdls im cgs acgshehagahlmis acçshags im ic ipïnrgei di trgstlrmls pshallrnçmhals dibhdls gc gcalflc. Gflrg bhim, im ic DQO-HU si hmdhag ixpcïahtgoimti su agobhl di imelqui y si si÷gcg qui ml si disig pri`uzngr ic agrçatir lrnçmhal l ml di cls trgstlrmls oimtgcis, plr cl c l augc istgs pgtlclnïgs di`gm di riahbhr isg dimlohmgahñm nimèrhag.

 

TRGQTLRMLQ GOMÈQHAL ZIRQHQTIMTI •

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Ic trgstlrml gomèshal pirshstimti, is siaumdgrhl g cg agrimahg di thgohmg (vhtgohmg B7). Im gcnumgs pirslmgs ic rhisnl is ogylr plr cg ixhstimahg di dèehaht nimèthal di trgmsaitlcgsg. Istg imaiegclpgtïg puidi prlduahrsi ml pïclrl, sñcl imcgicngstrhths gcalflchsol, shml im ic açmair dhnisthvl,agrimahgc cg istimlshs di isñegnl l di arñmhag, cgstgobhèm gmlrixhgs nrgvis, ita.. Cgs cishlmis gmgtlolpgtlcñnhags istçm oçs agrgatirhzgdgs plr su clagchzgahñm qui plr su mgturgcizg.

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Cgs gctirgahlmis miurlmgcis nchlvgsaucgris si dic almaimtrgm im plstirhlr ic mðacil subygaimti oidhgc dic auirpl ogohcgr, y tgobhèm si fgccgmygeiatgdl ic siatlr fhpltçcgol y ic trlmal airibrgc. Cg dhstrhbuahñm di cgs cishlmis is bhcgtirgc y shoètrhag. •

Is plr tgmtl umg imaitgclpgtïg ixacushvgoimti subalrthagc.

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Isti augdrl si subdhvhdi im dls pgtlclnïgs, g sgbir0

 

Ic sïmdrloi di ^irmhaki, alm ^irmhaki,  alm trgstlrmls miurlcñnhals tïphals0 •

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geiatgahñm dic sixtl pgrg argmigc (pgrçchshs di cls oðsaucls laucgris ixtirmls, bhcgtirgc y shoètrhag), gctirgahlmis puphcgris (ohlshs y gmhslalrhg) y gtgxhg airibiclsg prlohmimti. Isti augdrl acïmhal puidi aursgr alm um sïmdrloi di Klrsgklv l um alopci`l shmtloçthal almeuahlmgc gmucgtlrhl qui riquhiri dic dhgnmlsthal dheirimahgc alm ic dichrhuo trioims im ic sïmdrloi di ^irmhaki suici fgbir slomlcimahg l citgrnhg ohimtrgs is im ic dichrhuo ixhsti gnhtgahñm. Qu alohimzl subgnudl l gnudl y riohti ispiatgaucgroimti alm supcioimtls vhtgoïmhals.

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Ml lbstgmti, puidi almduahr g cg dioimahgahñm y g cg ouirti.

Ic sïmdrloi di Klrsgklv l alopci`l shmtloçthal gomèshal almegbucgtlrhl0 si agrgatirhzg plr umg gctirgahñm di cg oiolrhg ispiahehag qui is cg gomishg gmtirñnrgdg l di eh`gahñm alm ditirhlrl dic gprimdhzg`i vhslispgahgc, gbstrgatl y di ltrls thpls. Almalohtgmti alm iccg ixhstim ltrgs dls gctirgahlmis augchtgthvgs di cg oiolrhg0 cgs almegbucgahlmis, is diahr, cgs gcnumgs gomèshags slm riccimgdgs plr riauirdls egcsls disiafgdls su`itl alm egahchdgdy (sïmtlog tïphal, pirlplrmlicshiopri prisimti); cls egcsls rialmlahohimtls di ltrgs pirslmgs, alm cg agrgatirïsthag di sir vhvhdls alm isagsg almvhaahñm y almsiauimtioimti gbgmdlmgdls alm bgstgmti rgphdiz.

 

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Ltrls gutlris fgm puistl èmegshs im ic trgstlrml dic simthdl dic thiopl (gncuthmgahñm di galmtiahohimtls ripithdls im uml slcl. Arhtirhl dhgnmlsthal rialnhdl im cg AHI-7:. Ic sïmdrloi di Klrsgklv, yg si fg si÷gcgdl, suici istgr gslahgdl g cg imaiegclpgtïg di ^irmhaki, pirl puidi gpgriair alol siauicg dispuès di um dichrhuo trioims, gcuahmlshs gnudg l alol um dèehaht ghscgdl di aursl prlnrishvl im um gcalflcdipimdhimti. Gcrididlr dic 29% di cls pgahimtis alm sïmdrloi di Klrsgklv si riaupirg plr alopcitl alm um trgtgohimtl di thgohmg hmtimshvl. h mtimshvl. Alrrisplmdirçm g cg egsi ivlcuthvg gnudg l rivirshbci dic trgstlrml, ohimtrgs cg arñmhag l hrrivirshbci dibi dimlohmgrsi imeiroidgd di Klrsgklv y alrrisplmdi alm um trgstlrml dioimahgc.

 

  IOIMAHG ZIRQHQTIMTI •

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Cg dioimahg dic gcalfñchal vhimi ditirohmgdg plr cg gtrlehg airibrgc qui si prlduai alol fiafl prlnrishvl y almstgmti plr ic almsuol itïchal. Geiatgrïg prhmahpgcoimti gc alrtix y plstirhlroimti g cgs rinhlmis subalrthagcis. Ixhstim elrogs hmahphimtis l prialais alol cg –imaiegclpgtïg ohmlr gcalfñchag‟, g cg qui yg mls fiols rieirhdl, y qui im gcnumls prlnrisg fgahg pgtlclnïg0 arñmhags, imtri iccgs cg dioimahg. Ltrg elrog ispiahehag is cg –psiudlpgrçchshs nimirgc gcalfñchag‟, ccgogdg plr ltrls –dioimahg èthag di cls gcalfñchals‟, qui si agrgatirhzg oçs qui plr cls dèehaht alnmhthvls plr cls trgstlrmls di almduatg almshstimtis im ixgairbgahñm di cls rgsnls di cg pirslmgchdgd prioñrbhdg, prisimahg di gathtudis dishmfhbhdg im cgs ricgahlmis hmtirpirslmgcis, fuolr nrltisal y prlvlagthvl alm almtimhdls hmolrgcis y pèrdhdg di oldgcis l prisimahg di almduatgs disalmshdirgdgs.

 

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Cg acïmhag dioimahgc pcimgoimti istgbciahdg ml thimi umg shmtlogtlclnïg ispiahehag. Fgy umg dhsohmuahñm nclbgc di cgs agpgahdgdis hmticiatugcis y alnmhthvgs qui si galopg÷gm di um trgstlrml di cg oiolrhg, im su hmhahl di thpl t hpl gmtirñnrgdl y qui si ixthimdi alm rgphdiz g cg oiolrhg di ivlagahñm @umtl g istgs diehahimahgs gpgriai cgbhchdgd geiathvg, hrrhtgbhchdgd, hrrhtgbhch dgd, piraipahñm dhstlrshlmgdg di cg rigchdgd (si ohmhohzgm cgs dhehauctgdis y si ogxhohzgm cls èxhtls), pèrdhdg di cg gutlarhthag y almduatg ixpclshvg. Cg nrgvidgd acïmhag ml nugrdg alrricgahñm alm cgs gctirgahlmis olrelcñnhags airibrgcis. Cgs chohtgahlmis di cg eumahñm airibrgc si gtimðgm alm cg gbsthmimahg. Ml lbstgmti, im ic 9:->:% di cls pgahimtis si gdvhirti um oimlsagbl pirogmimti di cg oiolrhg y dic pimsgohimtl. Im istg hrrivirshbhchdgd pgriaim hmecuhr egatlris di vucmirgbhchdgd almsthtuahlmgc, ic pgtrñm di almsuol privhl y ic thiopl di gbsthmimahg.

 

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Im risuoim ml ixhsti um sïmdrloi di dioimahg gcalfñchag ðmhal. Dibiols hmacuhr gquiccls risuctgmtis di cls ieiatls alobhmgdls di cls c ls trguogthsols, cgs agrimahgs vhtgoïmhags y cgs gaahlmis dhriatgs dic gcalflc y dic gaitgcdifïdl, alol cg isacirlshs cgohmgr alrthagc di Olric, cg imeiroidgd di Ografhgegvg Bhnmgoh, cg imaiegclpgtïg oitgbñchag siaumdgrhg g cg hmsuehahimahg fipçthag y cg ivlcuahñm di cgs yg disarhtgs, imeiroidgd di Ngyit ^irmhaki y imeiroidgd di Klrsgklv.

ZRLBCIOÇTHAG EGOHCHGR X CGBLRGC IM IC GCALFLCHQOL Ic almsuol di gcalflc ripirauti di elrog hoplrtgmti im cg vhdg di ricgahñm di cg pirslmg alm su imtlrml y alm cg slahidgd. •

 

ZRLBCIOGQ EGOHCHGRIQ •

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Ic gcalflchsol almduai g cg egohchg g um prlaisl dislrngmhzgdlr, pgrgcicl gc ditirhlrl qui sueri ic pgahimti, g trgvès di su imeiroidgd. Zlr isti olthvl is eriauimti qui im istgs egohchgs gpgrizagm gctirgahlmis di su dhmçohag y trgstlrmls iolahlmgcis im sus ohiobrls. G cl cgrnl dic thiopl si prlduaim rihtirgdgs y vgrhgdgs shtugahlmis almechathvgs im cg pgri`g. Fgy eriauimtioimti umg plshahñm ecuatugmti plr pgrti dic añmyuni, a ñmyuni, lplmhimdl erlmtgcoimti g cgs iobrhgnuiais y sus almsiauimahgs im ahirtls oloimtls `umtl alm ltrls im qui istg gathtud di –pirsiauahñm‟ is susthtuhdg plr um aloplrtgohimtl rishnmgdl l di ghscgohimtl.

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Cg vhdg egohchgr nhrg imtlrml gc gcalflc y cls fh`ls si vim sirhgoimti hopchagdls.

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Istg shtugahñm si gnudhzg augmdl si prlduai cg pèrdhdg di iopcil y alm iccl si vi goimgzgdg

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cg sinurhdgd ogtirhgc l augmdl cls gatls di vhlcimahg almccivgm cg gatugahñm plchahgc y `udhahgc. Alm eriauimahg shnuim gobls ohiobrls di cg pgri`g bg`l ic ohsol tiafl, pirl si hmhahg, prhoirl ml cingchzgdg y cuinl im trgohtgahñm cingc, cg sipgrgahñm.

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Cgs dhseumahlmis di cg pirslmgchdgd y cls trgstlrmls geiathvls dic añmyuni eioimhml thimdim g disgrrlccgrsi im rispuistg gc gcalflchsol di su ogrhdl.

 

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Cg isplsg gdlptg, eriauimtioimti y gc hmhahl, umg gathtud di prlclmngdg mingahñm pðbchag di cls prlbciogs dloèsthals ixhstimti plr ic gcalflchsol di su ogrhdl. Ic mhvic di pgrthahpgahñm dic gcalfñchal im ic shstiog egohchgr dhsohmuyi y cg ou`ir dibi gdlptgr um pgpic dlohmgmti im cg tlog di diahshlmis slbri cg egohchg. Augmdl is cg isplsg cg qui prisimtg cg dipimdimahg gcalfñchag, cg disistgbhchzgahñm egohchgr is oçs mltgbci y cg sipgrgahñm di cg pgri`g si prlduai gmtis y alm ogylr eriauimahg. Cg ogdri gbgmdlmg ic auhdgdl di sus fh`ls y si prlduai cg dhsnringahñm egohchgr. G viais gobls ohiobrls di cg pgri`g slm gcalflcdipimdhimtis. Nimirgcoimti si trgtg di pgri`gs elrogdgs dispuès di sir gobls dipimdhimtis, im lagshlmis im ic trgmsaursl di trgtgohimtls. Istg shtugahñm iopilrg ic prlmñsthal y riquhiri gtimahñm g cgrnl pcgzl. Im gcnumls agsls yg ic hmhahl di cg ricgahñm geiathvg si fgai alm um bg`l nrgdl di alfishñm pgrg tirohmgr im ouy plal thiopl hmtimsgoimti dinrgdgdg.

 

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Cls fh`ls slm cls ohiobrls oçs hopgatgdls dic shstiog egohchgr gcalfñchal. Ariaim im um gobhimti prlbcioçthal, dlmdi cg aloumhagahñm virbgc istç ccimg di arhthags, disgprlbgahlmis y flsthchdgd. Cg geiathvhdgd istç ogc agmgchzgdg y cg vhlcimahg is cl fgbhtugc. Cg hmogduriz geiathvg is aloðm, alm umg hmtlcirgmahg g cg erustrgahñm.

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Qu rimdhohimtl im cg slahgc isauicg is ricgahlmis diehahimti. hmtirpirslmgcis Augmdl slm gductls ouistrgm prlbciogs di g`usti y di y thimim ogylr oçs hmahdimahg di gbusl di gcalflc y ltrgs drlngs.

 

ZRLBCIOGQ CGBLRGCIQ Cgs ripiraushlmis g mhvic cgblrgc puidim risuohrsi im cgs shnuhimtis0 •

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  itirhlrl di cgs ricgahlmis hmtirpirslmgcis alm cls alopg÷irls0Timdimahg Timdimahg g dhsputgs y erhaahlmis im ouafls agsls. Zithahlmis di dhmirl –sgbcgzls‟ piqui÷gs istgegs rlbls.  isg`usti cgblrgc0 Qi hmauopci cls flrgrhls di imtrgdg y sgchdg, im pgrthaucgr cls cumis (cg hmnistg di cls ehmis di siogmg is nimirgcoimti ogylr) y si rigchzg ic trgbg`l im ogcgs almdhahlmis eïshags, l hmacusl im istgdl di iobrhgnuiz, alm ic almsinuhohimtl rhisnl di suerhr gaahdimtis. Fgy almduatgs oingcñogmgs y gnrishvgs. Minchnimahgs im tldgs t ldgs cgs gathvhdgdis.

Gbsimthsol y bg`gs plr imeiroidgd0 •

Ml sñcl cls trgstlrmls eïshals slm oçs eriauimtis imtri cls gcalfñchals qui im cg plbcgahñm nimirgc, shml qui cls pirhldls di bg`g y istgmahgs flsphtgcgrhgs slm oçs prlclmngdls.

Hmistgbhchdgd cgblrgc y pèrdhdg di iopcil0 Qi prlduai ouafls agobhls di puistl. Guoimtl di cls gaahdimtis cgblrgcis, sinðm dgtls di dhvirsls istudhls cls bibidlris ixaishvls thimim di 2,9 g 1,9 viais oçs gaahdimtis di trgbg`l qui ic ristl di iopcigdls. •

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Zlr ltrg pgrti, agsh um 1:% di cls gaahdimtis di trgbg`l vgm priaidhdls di hmnistg di gcalflc. Istls gaahdimtis tgobhèm puidim hmvlcuargr g ltrgs pirslmgs.

 

  inrgdgahñm Cgblrgc0 •

Qi vg prlduahimdl umg pèrdhdg di agtinlrïg cgblrgc dimtrl di cg prlphg ioprisgs l g timir qui busagr ltrl iopcil riaurri g ioprisgs di oimls pristhnhl. Gathtud –agopiafgmg‟ alm iopcigdls / lpirgrhls bg`l sus lrdimis. Diudgs, almechatls, pgrl, vgngbumdil.

Hmagpgahdgd Cgblrgc0 •

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 Guoimtl dic thiopl pgrg cg c g bibhdg y cgs alopg÷ïgs ogrnhmgcis. Almduatgs gmthslahgcis. Zlchdrlnldipimdimahg. Ogrnhmgahñm slahgc. Iopilrgohimtl psïquhal y eïshal. Uhdg pichnrlsg. Im diehmhthvg, tldgs istgs alopchagahlmis ripirautim im umg dhsohmuahñm hoplrtgmti dic rimdhohimtl y um icivgdl alsti ialmñohal pgrg cgs ioprisgs.

 

TRGTGOHIMTL ZQHALQLAHGC •

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Ic trgtgohimtl dic gcalflchsol aloprimdi plr umg pgrti ic dic prlphl gbusl / dipimdimahg y plr ltrg pgrti ic qui diogmdgm cls trgstlrmls sloçthals y psïquhals qui si prlduaim plr su almsuol. Ml lbstgmti, distgagols qui durgmti ic aursl di dhafl trgtgohimtl tr gtgohimtl dibim gdlptgrsi tldgs cgs oidhdgs pgrg rislcvir cls prlbciogs oèdhals y cgs urnimahgs pshquhçtrhags qui puidgm surnhr. Cgs egsis dic trgtgohimtl di cg dipimdimahg gc gcalflc ml dhehirim di cgs qui si istgbciaim pgrg ltrgs drlnldipimdimahgs.

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Qhm iobgrnl, cingchdgd dhsplmhbhchdgd di cg drlng,fgaim cg idgd gcalfñchal, cls cgzls egohchgris y imcgnimirgc clsygspiatls bhlpshalslahgcis quidicisti trgtgohimtl timng aloplmimtis ispiaïehals y ditirohmi qui cgs umhdgdis di flsphtgchzgahñm y gobucgtlrhgs istèm sipgrgdgs di gquiccgs qui trgtgm ltrgs dipimdimahgs.

 

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Ic prlaisl tirgpèuthal almstg di tris pgsls0 almerlmtgahñm, dishmtlxhagahñm y disfgbhtugahñm (dlmdi si hmacuyi cg rifgbhchtgahñm slahgc). Cg almerlmtgahñm thimi dls lb`ithvls cg supirgahñm di cg mingahñm y cg gyudg gc pgahimti pgrg gpriahgr cgs almsiauimahgs gdvirsgs dic gcalflchsol ml trgtgdl. Im istg egsi ic gcalfñchal dibi aloprimdir su pgtlclnïg y cg miaishdgd di sinuhr um prlaisl di aurgahñm. Gcnumls gutlris ogmhehistgm qui cls risuctgdls di istg egsi dipimdim oçs di cg hmshstimahg qui di cg fgbhchdgd dic oèdhal. Qi dibi almerlmtgr gc pgahimti alm umg oldgchdgd miutrgc pirl pirshstimti agdg viz qui si disaubri umg gctirgahñm ricgahlmgdg alm ic gcalflc. Cg ogylrïg di cls gcalfñchals miaishtgm qui si cis riauirdi qui ic gcalflc is cg agusg di cg –arhshs‟ plr cg qui almsuctgm y gsï, ehmgcoimti, phimsim im cg miaishdgd di cg gbsthmimahg.

 

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Cg gyudg di cg egohchg is hoplrtgmti im istg egsi. Dibi gprimdir g ml slbriprltinir gc pgahimti gmti cls istrgnls agusgdls plr ic gcalflc. Gshohsol cls riaursls gplrtgdls plr cls nrupls di gutlgyudg dibim sir uthchzgdls, galmsi`gmdl gc gcalfñchal y g su egohchg qui gshstgm g sus riumhlmis. Im cg hmoimsg ogylrïg di cls agsls is lbchngdl, gmtis di aloimzgr ic trgtgohimtl prlphgoimti dhafl, istgbciair um almtrgtl di diriafls y lbchngahlmis (almtrgtls tirgpèuthals).

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Cg dishmtlxhagahñm shnmhehag fgair disgpgriair cls ieiatls qui ic tñxhal fg prlduahdl im

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ic lrngmhsols i hopchag di`gr di almsuohr gcalflc. Ysugcoimti istl shnmhehag qui cg pirslmg ixpirhoimtg sïmtlogs civis di gbsthmimahg, gumqui g viais ic augdrl puidi sir hoplrtgmti.

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Gobls prlaisls priahsgm gplyl egrogalcñnhal, vhtgoïmhal y ohmirgc, dhitèthal i fhnhèmhal (gdiaugdgs mlrogs di vhdg).

 

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Cg disfgbhtugahñm almshsti im cg pirogmimahg im cg almduatg di ml hmnisthñm di bibhdgs gcalfñchags. Cg gpchagahñm di tèamhags di bibhdgs almtrlcgdgs is di iehagahg dudlsg. Zldiols dheirimahgr dls aloplmimtis prhmahpgcis di isti prlaisl0 ic prhoirl, cg isthoucgahñm y ogmtimhohimtl di cg olthvgahñm fgahg cg gbsthmimahg, y ic sinumdl, cg oldhehagahñm dic isthcl di vhdg pgrg gdgptgrsi g um ixhstimahg shm gcalflc. Gc prhmahphl is eumdgoimtgc ic gplyl pirogmimti qui gariahimti cg prlphg alopitimahg dic pgahimti y qui ci gyudi im agsl di qui gpgrizag gmshidgd l gcnumg ltrg ogmheistgahñm qui dhehaucti ic ogmtimhohimtl di cg gbsthmimahg. Istg gyudg puidi hr disdi ic shopci almsi`l g imelquis prleishlmgcis di thpl almduatugc l pshaldhmçohal. X im isti pirhldl shnuim shimdl di nrgm uthchdgd cgs c gs pristgahlmis, g viais durgmti cgs 24 f, di cls nrupls di gutlgyudg.

 

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Durgmti istg egsi si alopcitg ic trgtgohimtl di dishmtlxhagahñm y dibi hmstgurgrsi ic gblrdg`i tirgpèuthal di augcquhir pgtlclnïg sloçthag l psïquhag qui puidg prlduahrsi ricgahlmgdg alm ic iseuirzl di gdgptgahñm gc muivl m uivl thpl di vhdg shm bibhdg.

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Qhm iobgrnl, qui ic oèdhal vgclrgr alm ouyeçrogals sirhgoimti ic rhisnl digmthdiprishvls, umg muivg dipimdimahg hoplmidibi ic almtgatl (gmshlcïthals, sidgmtis, ita.)., yg qui èsti puidi sir supirhlr g cls bimiehahls qui si pritimdi lbtimir. •

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Cg gdohmhstrgahñm di oidhagoimtls gvirshvls (dhsucehrgo y ahgmgohdg) y ltrgs l trgs sustgmahgs qui riahimtioimti gpgriaim alol prloitidlrgs im cg disfgbhtugahñm di cls gcalfñchals (mgctrixlmg, busphrlmg y gagoprlsgtl) slm ltrgs plshbcis gatugahlmis tirgpèuthags Cg egsi di disfgbhtugahñm sinðm vg ivlcuahlmgmdl si hobrhag alm cg rifgbhchtgahñm y rihmsirahñm pshalslahgc y puidi prlclmngrsi durgmti oisis i hmacusl g÷ls, plr cl qui ic gplyl egohchgr, di augcquhir ltrg pirslmg prñxhog hmvlcuargdg alm ic pgahimti y di cls nrupls di gutlgyudg vg g risuctgr ditirohmgmti.

 

TRGTGOHIMTL EGROGALCÑNHAL Eçrogals gvirshvls dic gcalflc. •

Imtri iccls cls oçs almlahdl slm ic dhsucehrgo y cg ahgmgohdg açcahag.

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Qu oiagmhsols di gaahñm si bgsg im ic bclquil dic oitgblchsol dic gcalflc gc hmfhbhr

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di ogmirg alopiththvg ic imzhog gcdifïdl-disfhdrlnimgsg. Qiaumdgrhgoimti g istg hmfhbhahñm si prlduai um gaðoucl di gaitgcdifïdl qui prlduai um –sflak gaitgcdifïdhal‟ alm cg rigaahñm shnuhimti0 –simsgahñm di agclr, rubiegaahñm r ubiegaahñm egahgc y aiegcig pucsçthc, guoimtl di cg eriauimahg agrdhgag, mgusigs y vñohtls, fhpltimshñm , gmshidgd y dhsmig. Cg rigaahñm gpgriai g cls 7:-79 ohmutls di cg hmnistg y puidi durgr imtri 49 ‑ 8: ohmutls; rgrgoimti rivhstg nrgvidgd

 

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Ic dhsucehrgo prlvlag umg hmfhbhahñm hrrivirshbci, ohimtrgs qui cg ahgmgohdg thimi um ieiatl rivirshbci. Cg durgahñm is di sihs dïgs im ic agsl dic prhoirl, ohimtrgs qui im ic agsl di cg ahgmgohdg is di um dïg.

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Cg slm9:: dion 9: im g 7:: ripgrthdl im dls lriduahèmdlcl tris tlogs ygdi29: 9::onon ripgrthdl im dlshs dls l di trisahgmgohdg tlogs y di dlson tlogs di dhsucehrgo plstirhlroimti. •

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Cls ieiatls siaumdgrhls slm rgrls; si fgm disarhtl egthngbhchdgd, rigaahlmis gcèrnhal-autçmigs, slomlcimahg, slomlcima hg, aiegcigs, chplthohgs, trgstlrmls ngstrlhmtisthmgcis y augdrls pshañthals. Ic trgtgohimtl di cg dipimdimahg gcalfñchag ml sñcl si bgsg im ic usl di cls eçrogals hmtirdhatlriss dic gcalflc. hmtirdhatlri Qlm ðthcis, pirl su uthchzgahñm si dibi fgair shiopri alm almlahohimtls plr pgrti dic pgahimti, almlahimdl qui su eumahñm ml is cg di –agsthnl‟, shml alol um icioimtl rielrzgdlr im cg diahshñm di gbstimirsi di cg hmnistg gcalfñchag y qui ml dhsohmuyi ic disil di bibir, hnugcoimti ic gcalfñchal dibi almlair cls sïmtlogs qui pgdiairç sh almsuoi gcalflc gc ohsol thiopl.

 

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Eçrogals qui dhsohmuyim ic almsuol di gcalflc (gmth-argvhmn). Im cls ðcthols 7: g÷ls si fgm prlbgdl oucthtud di eçrogals im imsgyls acïmhals, ml tldls isls alopuistls slm ðthcis y sñcl gcnumls plals fgm shdl hmtrlduahdls im cg prçathag acïmhag.

Cls oçs hoplrtgmtis slm0 •

Eçrogals qui geiatgm cg trgmsohshñm t rgmsohshñm ncutgogtèrnhag0 gagoprlsgtl.

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 Gutlnimhstgs di riaiptlris lphlhdis mgctrixlmg, mghoieiml.

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Eçrogals qui geiatgm cg trgmsohshñm t rgmsohshñm sirltlmhmèrnhag.

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Hmfhbhdlris siciathvls di cg riagptgahñm di siriltlmhmg (HQRQ)0 zhoicdhmg, ahtgclprgo, vhqugchmg y eculxithmg. Gnlmhstgs pgrahgcis sirltlmhmèrnhals0 busphrlmg i hpsgphrlmg. Eçrogals qui geiatgm cg trgmsohshñm t rgmsohshñm dlpgohmèrnhag.

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Gnlmhstgs dlpgohmèrnhals0 brlolarhpthmg.

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Gmtgnlmhstgs dlpgohmèrnhals0 chsurhdg, thgprhdg y ecupimthxlc.

 

  HRIATRHAIQ ACÏMHAGQ ZGRG IC TRGTGOHIMTL EGROGALCÑNHAL I CG ZRLEHCGVHQ ICGQ RIAGÏ GQ IM ZGAHIMTIQ ALM IZIM IMAHG GCALFÑCHAG

 

NRGAHGQ ZLR QY GTIMAHLM