Alchemy the Turba Philosophorum or Assembly of the Sages Called Also 1000003113

ALCHEMY

THE

TURBA

PHILOSOPHORUM OR

ASSEMBLY

CALLED AND

THE

THIRD

ALCHEMICAL

ANCIENT READINGS

OF

TREATISE

ALCHEMISTS,

IN

TRUTH

PYTHAGORICAL

CODEX,

FROM PARALLELS

EXPLANATIONS

AND

SAGES

OF

TRANSLATED

SHORTER

THE

THE

BOOK

THE

ALSO

ART

AN

OF

OF

SYNOD

THE FROM

OBSCURE

LATIN, THE

EDWARD

TRANSLATOR

OF

"

THE

HERMETIC OF

WAITE AND

PARACELSUS."

Xonbon GEORGE

REDWAY

1896

LIBRARY

ALCHEMICAL

THE

GREEK

TERMS

BY

ARTHUR

THE

WRITINGS

CHIEF

PREFACE,

nnHE

ancient

most

the be

Philosophorum is indisputably

Tuvha

Latin

but

tongue,

ascertained,

compiler

wrote

either

work,

not

as

at

six

the

or

of

is

irretrievably lost,

manuscripts in

preserved

of

imperfectly

the

present the

nor

editor

all

but

only

the of

seemingly

when

it

was

alchemical

the

in its Latin that

Arabic

garb.

the

original

and

Syriac

early chemistry numbers

are

the

in

have

and

Europe,

only

Unfortunately,

explored. has

can

the

however,

centuries

considerable

libraries

various

been

treating

;

day,

certain

course,

it

Arabic

seven

is not,

respects

; the

or

present

It

can

original composition,

familiar

been

as

an

authority by

an

adepts, has

as

far

so

in Latin

in many

in Hebrew

only

quoted

not,

was

in

Alchemy

on

originallywritten

scarcely be regarded

the

it

editor, for

or

during

treatise

extant

the

neither

the

opportunity

qualifications for undertaking

such

a

task. There Turba

from

are

codices

two

Philosophorum, one

following

another. pages

recensions

or

which

differ

What the

is

second

appreciably shorter, clearer, and, the

less corrupt

of the

two,

but

of

The

considerably

called

in

recension, on

the

they

are

the is

whole, both

ii. in

Preface. bad

a

for the text

chosen

because in its

as

longer recension desirable

entirety. The the

where be

to

reading of

the

has

version, and

in

Monsieur

been

alternative

of

the

invaluable

the

largely made

of,

use

of the

writers

the

which

fourth

devoted

the

subject,

and

Essai

Antique

which

Alchemy, referred

rightly

with

connects

which

the latter

was

Arabian

that

sages,

to

with

whom

to

from

because

Greece. the

We

first

those perfect certainty, Latin

been

Alchemy

Science,

for identify,

all the

It

source,

Greek

itself derived

also enabled

de

always

Arabian

an

the

preceded

forming

researches, that has

to

chapter

a

Age."

Moyen

au

Berthelofs

M.

of

la Transmission

sur

we

analogies,some

to

from

Latin

these

that

scientist

in

Science

follows

and

Turba.

the

and

clearlyindicated

"

Hermetic

the Greek

very

his

part of

the

illustrate

to

century

discovery of

are

has

.

It is to this great scholar owe

and

text

Alchemists

Byzantine

strikinganalogiesbetween

and

has

editor

indicated

cases

Berthelot's

translation

are

the

corrupt

so

pursued.

course

la

is

that of the

most

foot-notes,

in

text

quite untranslatable,

occasionallysubstituted

second

of the

variations

work

the

give

to

appended usually

are

been

has

followingtranslation,

of the

it seemed

recension but

The

state.

literature

time,

ancient

makes

iii.

Preface. requent and

they

that the

preserved

writers

influence

phorum

not

was

derived

was

which the

is therefore

exists in the

which

The

chief

Latin

cum," the *'Bibliotheca

Auriferae

of the work also in French.

versions

des

in

they represent contained

in

Traictes

instances

in

manuscript

and

it will

amongst It is

de la

be

entitled are

Artis

tions translaand

some

language are slender

the very

way

original.

the

"

The

Bibliotheque in the

**

Trois

PhilosophicNaturelle,"

is known

the treasures

"

some

German

Salmon's

point. found

Chemi-

Curiosa," and

in the latter for

Philo-

Turba

Theatrum

PhilosophesAlchimiques,"and

Anciens are

"

existingin

speciallyremarkable in which

of The

There

Those

as

Alchemy,

on

Chemica

Tractatus."

preceding

valuable,

most

collection

smaller

case

language.

of the

those

but

channels any

author's

printedversions

are sophoruntj

that of the

In

the

the

influence,

ancient, treatise

most

tion. collec-

Philoso-

through

the

the

that

Turba

direct

summarises

Geber, and it is the

infers

unknown

now

and

Byzantine

The

mediately

are

Turba

in

a

Panopolite,

Democritus,

in the

found

know

now

the

Berthelot, however,

M.

Greek

of

we

;

Zosimus,

are

of the school

adepts

other

allusion

reverent

One

English

to the

in

the

of the

rendered, however, from

version

present editor,

British Sloane the

Museum collection.

French, and

iv.

Preface,

has

found

been

useless

for

the

this

of

purposes

translation. It

Alchemy, and

such

of

that

Latin

work,

preclude

editor

of

him

from

Philosophorum,

to

It collected

of

the

later

date,

the

early

be

may a

concerning

limits

elucidate

to

belong

has

material

the

which

Turba

Alchemy.

the

amount

pretend

time

same

"

taries, commen-

considerably

a

of

Chemicum

colloquies,

The

of

are

collections

great

Theatrum

*'

which of

the

at

the

contain

enigmas

they

period also

the

as

mysteries

While

they

that

Mangetus, and

the

added

be

may

this

present

added

able considercurious volume

utilising.

Arthur

Edward

Waite.

Taken

Philosophorum,

Turba

The

perfect

more

Manuscript

Ancient

an

from

than

Codex,

edition

any

heretofore.

published

^^mhe Epistle of Arisleus, prefixed to the Words ^V of the Sages, concerning the purport of this ^H Book, for the Benefit of Posterity,and the here follows ^H being as

same

BA

RISLEUS,*

XJL

goras, the

by

health

*

the

and

of

in the the are

Berthelot

similarityof

that

of

the

in the

alchemical

the time

of

on

the

name,

the

compiler traditions

Hermes,

knowledge,

Arisleus him

to

recension

wisheth

the

the

and

Turba,

fact

which

that

seems

to

of

son

synonymous

Beyond most

no

names

reason

to

Pythagoras

connect

through Aristeus,

found

are

Chemica.

there

intended

the

as

be

my

{Eleventh Dictum)

Bibliotheca

Turba,

disciples

testifythat

describes

Exercitationes

mutilated

I

second

Pytha-

after

supposes

of the

the

of

come

gloss

first volume

of

great

seat

mercy.

Aristenes the

suppose with

M.

thrice

the

ancient

Abladus. with

of

who

and

An

disciple of

a

from

all

unto

"

begotten

grace

learning

:

the

sophist

Antoninus. B

of

The

Turha

wise

of the

master

had

Prophets, and

of Wisdom

any

one a

than

had

chief

to

were

now

God to

Therefore his

assemble

ciples, dis-

greatlyincreased,

constituted

been

the

of

granted

was

Hermes.

mind

who

and

Italian,

greater giftof

a

after

had

and

the

Pythagoras,*

master,

he

Phiiosophorum.

chief

the

regions for of this most the discussion precious their words Art, that might be a for posterity. He then foundation commanded Iximidrus, of highest council, to be the first speaker, who all

throughout

persons

said :t "

"

make

The

Greek mention

no

describes

him

be referred

Arabian

an

of the

tradition

the

treatises

Geber,

true

this

to

which

Mystery

the

origin,to

writings attributed

alchemical

the

Hermetic

Kitab-al-Firhirst,and

the

Habib,

adept

an

Byzantine Collection

Pythagoras, and

of

as

to

of the

alchemists

sage

are

must

of El

where

freely

quoted. fThe French variations

:

" "

The

Philosophers,in sayings of

the

of Salmon

version

more

prudent

collectingthe opinions of the

Third

the the

book,

has

Arisleus

introducing Pythagoras

called

the

beginning of

which

has the

followingdistinct the Turba

gathered togetherthe

among

the

Philosopher, scholars.

PythagoricalSynod,

of the

scholars, by that

The

instituted

book

Master is also

concerning

|

The

of

beginning

:

all

Nature, which

is

the ends

m rings

them

stars

are

humidity Occult

and

But

which

he

had his

mainly the

text

to have

seems

words.

own

instead

reads

vegetablestone."

the

The

follows

certain

nature

decocts

all

corruption which

passage, are

and

known

the

:

'*

"

Sacred

as

which second

The

actions

Art

did his The

the recensions to

however, he

some

follows

the

of all

original

things

it nourishes

the

times

it were,

the

terms

the

universal

is

a

and

and

of

by

nature

recension varies the last and

passions thereof

only by those is

"

this obscure interprets

nature

The

understood

air

put them,

beginning

unto, and

the

commanded

Philosophy

this

But

decocts."

and

knowledge of

Occult

The

If

recension, the chief variation

generation are,

follows

the

perpetual,infinite ;

things.

and as

"

kept

air.

have

Translation "

:

; it is

it is attained

nourishes

"

French

same

as

passage

of

that

discourse," "c.

Here,

of the second

moned.* sum-

are

summarised to

nature

you

and

Pythagoras

being that "

instruct

collected, and

in

extent,

and

begin the

scholar,Eximidrius, to translator

beheld

density of

Philosophy.

French

that

I

times

are

which

igneous, by the

are

bounds

within

decay,

to

Now, the

the

things is a Certain perpetual,coequalling

their births and

herein

*

testifythat

I

"

that the visible natures,

things,and

with

3

Dictum.

First

saith

IxiMiDRUS

all

Philosophorum.

Turba

The

to

whom

given." B2

a

The

4

exist

not

the

to

be

observe the

burnt

heaven

from the

presently

Sun

when

the

not

you

it rises in

the

to

created

has

air

the warmth

upper

air?

separating

Do

overcomes

that

the

He

up.

the

that

heat, and

which

the

creatures.

the

provided

air, lest that should

of

flames

all

consume

has

God

the

livingthings, then

would

But

Philosophonim.

separate

from

sun

Sun

Turba

by

its

penetrates parts of

lower

If, then, the

air

breathe

those

forth

did

not

winds

are whereby creatures generated,the Sun by its heat would certainlydestroy is kept the Sun all that lives. But in check quers by the air, which thus con-

because to its

Sun

of water

the

up

tenuous

would

into

heat

helps the water

its

remarked

is drawn

of

heat,

own

to

not

you

it unites

did

water not

of

the

heat

the

and

humidity Have

humidity.

own

how the air the

water

tenuous

by

Sun,

the

action

which

nourish

the

air

the

air.

thus If the

against itself?

by

moisture, assuredly the overcome

of the

The

such Sun

fire,

The

Turba

Philosophoruw.

therefore, extracts

by

water,

fire itself.

the water

is

there is hot

between

dr}^,but

and

The

the

and

moist.

and

moist, joins these of

is And

peace. shall

arise of

vapour

the

being joined will of

become

a

tenuous

out

of

becomes

spiritand

the

lish estab-

to

all how the

of

there

tenuous

the

heat there

humour,

wind.

the

something

extracts

the

For

air, which

also

life to all creatures.

this,however, is disposed in such the

by

manner

coruscation the

its

something tenuous,

Sun

All

ye

the

to

warm

heat

air, because

the

heat

the

placed

look

necessarilyissues which

is

between

spiritfrom

a

is cold

together by

and

thus

fire

the

water

;

water

air

fire the

which

air, which

medium

concording

quers con-

fire and

consanguinity,for

no

humidity

air

the

Thus,

enemies

are

the

from

moisture

of which

means

5

Sun

The

appears

touches

Turba

described

will

the

and saith:

fire,even

of

God,

and

when

the

heat

breaks "

Well as

up

a

hast

thou

a

of

cloud.

thou

knowest

6

The

Turba

Philosophorum,

concerning it,and thou the word of thy brother. The

Second

believed

hast

Dictum,

magnify the air according to the mighty speech of is improved Iximidrus, for the work and thereby. The air is inspissated, saith

ExuMDRUs

it is also

made

thereof in Sun

place

do

it grows

The

warm

inspissation it is divided

when

elongation of rarefaction is when, by of

exaltation air becomes

the

the

by

its

;

cold.

takes

heaven

I

"

thin ;

becomes

and

:

the

warm

Sun

in

and

is rarefied.

the

heaven, the It

is

comparable with the complexion of Spring,* in the distinction of time, which

is neither

accordingto *

A

similar

CrateSf where

the

enjoined

philosophicalfire upon regulated

after the

influence

of

moreover,

the

same

four

that the Turba Crates.

the

that

manner

as

and

seasons;

same

Nature the

Book

should

of the be

regulatesthe same

treatise,

expositionsof alchemical

illustration.

in its originalform

con-

operation of

philosophicalmatter

the

represents still older

philosophy as using the

in the Arabian

is used

For

of the

mutation

comparison it is

cold.

nor

warm

antedated

It is the

probable Book

of

The

stituted

Ttirba

disposition with

distinctions

altered.

of

the

The

when

cold

hast

soul,

altering

is Winter

so

is removed

Sun

supervenes

the

Whereat

the

7

air,therefore,is inspissated

the

then

and

Philosophonim,

said:

described

of what

given account

lently Excel-

"

the

thou

it,

men.

upon

Turba

thou

from

air,and

knowest

to

be therein.

saith

Anaxagoras the

that

:

beginning

God

which

Dictum,

Third

The

hath

I

"

of

make

all those

created

is

the

weight

is manifest

earth

is not

weight And

spissitudeof the

*

The

for

pietas by connect

the

it with

signifyingcompactness. press

or

Hebrew

squeeze

the

things,

that

Turba,

the

or

sense

Compare down.

and

spissitudeof the proportion; but except in body. the

reposes

spissitudeof

originalis pietas et ratio, but

obviouslyto

to

ye

all

the four elements

earth ;

of the term

Piezo,

in

found all

know,

in

and

things

weight

proportion,*for weight rules and

known

the technical

Arabic

originalseems

of the

also

use

the

Hebrew Greek

Paz, verb

8

The

fire

Turba

falls into

with

from

the

water; increased

four

elements

The

same,

Thou

is

of the four

rare

worthy four

to

?

most

He rare

Cometh But it is

what

is

air is less

and

warm

and

dry ;

and

dry

warm

and

moist.

Which

air ? cold

is

element He

and

Verily

all, and

than

is

these

now

that

more

rare

say

is of less :

"

inhere

the

four.

fire,because fire is

moist, while

Thev

these

thereunto

of

rare

answereth moisture

is most

Fire

"

the

most

rarity of :

:

the

are

and

the

rare

warm

"

spoken.

answereth among

warm

saith the Turba

elements

possess

?

sated inspis-

more

therefore, is the

Which,

rest.

the

in earth

inspissatedthan

more

not

you

conjoined

Then

well

water,

fire and

Have

therefore, is all.

into

spissitude of

the

hast is

earth

of

spissitudeof earth.

in

how

than

spissitude

fire, falls

the

the

air, reposes

"

the

spissitudealso

by

observed

spissitude of

air, the

air, together received

Philosophorum,

which than unto

is the

him

raritythan

Water,

since

therein, and

:

The

cold

every a

humid

Thou

"

Then

"

cold

and

dry,and

and

dry

is

which

is cold

saith

:

of

Sons of God

hath

therefore,is the

world

he

make

his

Pandolfus

*"

You

also

been

have

that

humid and

[elements] rise are

earth

and

-are

an

Let

intention us,

to

one

of

apex

fore, there-

discourse.

They

take

up

Speak thou,

turn.

told

Know

thingswarm

elements

what

O

!

of four elements. elements

the

find !

own

every

in

speech

our

which

comprehends

perfectour

Direct

"

of

out

things. Blessed,

shall not

greater than

reply:

description

declared, for from

have

ye

he who

O

provided,

ye

all

that

Pythagoras

natures,*

created

is cold

which

Doctrine, the

four

it is

because

moist.

?

water

rarity than

less

have

the

these

raritythan that

and

Well

"

do

Earth,

:

of

raritythan they say unto

spoken truly. What,

of less

answereth

g

is of less

hast

therefore,is e

Philosophorum.

humid.

warm

him:

^

Tiivha

up

and

fire and water.""

.

.

.

that the ancients

that it is and

by

cold, the male two

and

fall down.

air ; the

two

Olympiodorus

of these

means

dry things

discoursed four

constituted, as

are

the female. The

two

Two

ascending

descending elements On

the Sacred

Art.

Turha

The

10

Fourth

The

But

Philosophorum.

saith

Pandolfus

that posterity of water,

water,

which

is

They

:

matter

separated the dry

above

air

hidden the

in

humid

the

Thou

"

continueth

hidden is lest

water.

said

hast

that

The

"

well

it should

sustains

;

earth

be

and

separationbetween is to

say,

constituted

water

prevents

province fill up

is, therefore, to

by

of the

and

diverse and

the

overflowed

being

The

earth,

into

plunged

is

earth

the

it,moreover,

from

water.

the

;,

But

which

air under

water

which

said water the

:

in the

that

If

earth.

complete, therefore, thy speech. he

the

exist,the earth would

above

answer

signify tO'

tenuous

a

under

this air did not remain

I

"

remains

wit, the

to

:

it is not

that

It

earth,

not

is

air

and

it.

from

Dictum,

air

make

to

things,that

earth, and

it is-

peacemaker between and hostile things,namely, water fire, dividing these, lest they destroy one another. gave

an

a

The

Turba

illustration

saith

:

"

If you

hereof, it would

be

The

12

Other

Turba

Philosophorum,

air which

the

separates

water

from

the fire.

But

and

the

air,namely, that which

same

they

both

are

the

water,

the

water

from

the

the

the

air.

lower

is

four

the

air, and

rare

more

fire than

the

the

In

But

the upper

to

nearer

separates

fire.

than

air

upper

subtle, being

which

that

air is thicker

lower and

and

from

earth

the separates thingsfrigid,

one

therefore,

egg,

things earth, water, air, and fire. But the point of the Sun, these four excepted, is in the centre of the are

"

this is the

yolk,and

all excellent

have

art

set

have

a

hill and the

all the

zones

hour

; but

rise in

a

the

most

egg

as

thing they

same

Fifth Dictum.

saith:

reason

this

their work.

The

is

described

which

over

Arisleus

quently, Conse-

philosophersin

example,

an

chicken.

not

Sun

if it

a

does

of

moment

Know

"

the

that

plain, for not

earth

ascend in

flat,the

were over

the

sun

the whole

a

earth which over

single would

earth.

The

Turba

Parmenides

I

Philosophorum,

saith

O Arisleus briefly, Is there anything X,

s

which

Yet

I

bears

that

the

things

light,and

things which

saith natures

observes I

which

God

sustains

speak only each

hath

have

been

into

them.

created

and

created

In

generated place as

Democritus, :

"

you

the out

these and

God the Thou

that are

all

these.

things

from

these

things of them

which return

livingcreatures all

things

predestinated.

discipleof hast

about of you

one

die, and hath

all

fire.

by

You

and

all

earth, being

Dictum.

testifyunto

natures,

answereth

rules

Sixth

;

four

take

"

?

fire is

something concerning

Now,

are

:

the

ruled

The

Lucas

it

gross,

are

left

otherwise

fire,because

and

ponderous

"

having been begotten, all things after

of

earth, but

on

has

:

is one,

or

and

and

tenuous

Master

God

spoken

answereth

witness

head

is earth

hast

He

the

engendered

Him

four

Thou

"

!

testifythat

never

and

:

13

well

Lucas,

spoken,

O

Ttirba

14

The

Lucas,

when

natures

!

dealing since

thy

that

knowledge

of his

The

TuRBA

own

have

Seventh :

Whether

Babylonian adepts does is remarkable

when

evidentlyattached alchemy.

It

seems

represents

to a

give,

no

being

in

his

creatures

to

the

indicate

by

Lucas

is neither

one

is that of the Indian

appear,

it is borne

he

silence.

which

not

learning.

will

those

indicated

the age

surpasses

described

been

from

When

"

he

the

Dictum,

All

"

only,of

two

*

keep

saith

LocusTA

are

age*

should

and

he

:

things, from

in this

age

that

The

which

think

well

received

Indies

satisfaction, but

youth he

was

Lucas

natural

answereth

to

"

!

derived

was

philosophersof the the Babylonians ; I those

O

:

are

master

of

the science

me

small

who

Albeit Democritus

from

attains

Arisleus

those

acquainted with "

four

thy knowledge

among

answereth:

the

with

Lucas, it is presumption

from

speak

to

saiih

Then

Democritus, derived

Philosophorum.

but

in mind

the entire what

Democritic that

school

the

tradition hostile

great

to

Turba

and

episode tance impor-

of Greek

sophorum Philo-

the tradition of

The

known

Tnrha

:

hast

if

subjectwhich, describe

is this

seen,

nor

world

he

by

it

in

hearing only

sight,

are

touch.

from

which

O you

which

can

black,

and

discriminate

can

word

bad

and

good

a

this

without

reason

only sight

is

distinguish white between

It is that

"

and

felt,

Philosophers,know

of the that

not

:

thereof, which

hearing, taste, smell, Crowd

therefore,

because

known,

wilt

is neither

Then

it is discerned

clients

the

thou

State,

known.

a

upon

completed,

thing which

is not

Pythagoras

entered

subtly.

what

which

felt.

or

seen

Thou

"

15

expressed,except by piety,

nor

for it is not saith

Philosophorum.

!

odour cannot Similarly,a wholesome be separated by reason which from one of is fetid, except through the sense

smell, nor from

taste,

bitterness

Democritus,

who,

from

deliberations.

second

recension

rough

silent

For

reads

"

"

those

his

as

throughout

of

his

of

means

accordingly,figures merely

tyro, and, in fact, remains the

ated discrimin-

by

save

smooth

nor

be

sweetness

can

unless

a

the

ing promisrest "

own

contemporaries."

age

of the

l6

The

Turha

touch.

by Thou

The

hast

omitted

to

Are

that the

these

five ways

answer

and

:

is

natures,

which

lightis

would

of the

derived

become

which

stars, from

causes

:

"

the

than so

truly

I will

now

Know

that

world, the

all

other

ordered

that

to

vision.

removed, lightwere darkened, seeing

the or

fesses con-

Sun, and

attain

may

subtle

nothing,except or

is the

subtle

if this

they

he

more

living beings

reason

spoken

is to say, the

that

seen

partaker. They

a

explanation.

light,which

a

same

But

is

in

sublime

a

Nature

reason

hast

further

this creature, hath

is

perceived by

excellently.And

give a

cognised

is

Thou

"

is

:

Know

such, is neither

God

that

Saith he

as

which

alone, of

described^

or

haste ?

which

felt,but

particular

piety.

creature

creature, and, nor

known,

in such

then

of

none

that

and

reason

ye

of

treat

"

thou

hast

spoken, yet

is not

except by

answereth:

Turba

well

thing which

"

Philosophorum,

lightof

of

fire,all

light

all creatures

of to

the

moon,

which

are

the

Sun,

givelight.

The

this

For to be

And

God

the

of the

Turba

the

the

mentioned

lightof

this

beneath

that

subtle

and

which

is

lucid

which

world and

is

two

of two

inferior :

if,good Master, thou

whereby vivified,which great boon *

The

offers

some

than

their

created

creature.

than

rarer

Turba

described excellently related.

And

utter

hearts

thing anybe

may

mortified

are

now

light

things nothing of the

shalt

our

wilt

folly,thou

the

The

hast

thou

what

more

dense

creatures.

hast

is

light, lightof

the

is

Sun

the

Thou

"

from

sublime

the

in

the

that

things,but

rare

answereth

is

subtle

more

also

Consequently all

Sun

This

than

taken

composed

is

dense

is

Know

light.

of the

the

lucid.

Sun.

creature

creature, which

more

reason

need

no

Sun, because

more

Sun

of the

sublime

has

Sun, they have

God,

world, by

nature

that

17

the

appointed

attenuated

before

of

has

lightof

know

the

Philosophorum.

confer

upon

by

us

a

!*

shortened

version

ol

the

second

conspicuous variations, and

is

Recension

literallyas B

Turba

The

i8

saith

Pythagoras

all

before

all

know,

I affirm

that

God

things,and

with

Him

:

and

elements sciences arrive

by

save

created

God

:

Two

" "

of which

heaven.

and

felt,seen,

the substantially

by

none

reason

the

is

:

"

world, which

is the

himself

creatures."

the

dense more

.

Most

Know the end

to two

is in

dense the

contains

What

than

the

is

close,

perceived

it is known

High, the

that

it may

who

Sun

things and

Sun

is

ensues

the

that

sublime

is

perceives

which

nature

is God

Sun.

which reason

.

for it is

which

text, till towards

is sublime;

same

rare

.

one

by piety and

nature,

Now,

"c.

to that

As

consists of

is

and

by Lucas,

described,

not

is that

earth.

or

all creatures,

Nothing of the

this

and

pietyonly, and

lightwhich

is

third connected

a

as

same

of these, the and

and

five senses,

follows

as

subtle than

He

is

described

realised, save

seen

known,

the

help of

alone, He

was

are

nor

is not

is in heaven

whatsoever

which

alone

known

there

But

stand, Under-

things He afterwards

natures

the other

the can

one

"

is neither ;

no

things fire,air,water,

four

earth, out of which follows

in

as

the will of God.

when

four

these

which

at

I

fortify

I may

well

as

arcana,

thereof,

that

the

that

But

that

Philosophers,

ye

opinion concerning

your

by

first.

at

was

this in order

declare

reason

"

He

nothing,as

was

Dictum.

Eighth

The

existed

Philosophorum.

by made

is

more

light the two

rare.

creation, because and

all inferior

The

20

Tttrba

and

moon,

sun,

the

Hence the sun,

from

and

the stars

two, while

air.

of fire and saitk

:

what

And

"

the

created

?

Heaven this

air, whence

Then of

out

is

also

air, and

of the

things,which

and

which

are

other

answer

God

hath

of three are

of

the

life to eth

:

"

further

and

created

vegetables; out

with

hearts

of water,

out

I

thy

:

"

course disjoice re-

thy sayings, dead.

But

notify to

made

you

creatures

of four ;

out

the

that out

of three

flyingthings, beasts, and some

of these

air,and

fire,air,and earth.

saith

rarer

is water.

concerning these three, and our

of

second

the

Master, continue

"

"

of the

is

they:

God

:

composed

things,which And

the

water

second

denser

Turba

he

the

namely,

two,

position com-

a

The

sun

concerning

of Heaven

creation

they

the

from

created

are

than

substance, which

one

than

is less dense

lucid

more

stars, because

and

moon,

composed.

stars

angels are

created

are

Philosophorum.

are

earth, But

Distinguishthese

created some

out

the Turba divers

crea-

The

tures

Turba

from

one

Beasts

Philosophorum. And

another.

created

are

of

out

21

he

:

"

fire,air, and

flyingthings out of fire, air, and flyingthings,and water, because all among have a vegetables which of water, while created out are spirit,

earth

;

animals

all brute

fire. Yet

and

fire,for they and

water, saith

:

in

created

are

vegetables. And the truth,and I fire. fire ?

He

And

:

Ye

"

affirm

:

they

is concealed

that signified

fire concerningwhich

spiritand

have

elements

our

soul.

The

observes

treatise of

that Adam

was

in doubt

of four

out

his

and

On

sons

fire, air,

is, of

Olympiodorus

fire is

thingswhich

But

father Adam

created,'^ that

were

*

in

produced, except

;

elementary

were

you

heat

therein

thin

a

tain con-

is that

of the

Out

"

present in the air, but the is not

spoken

Whence

"

answereth

reside in

have

that

they:

of the air which for I have

he

earth,

fire,with

a

pardon, does

reverence's

your

no

Turba

the

that

is

of

out

Whereat

assume

us

earth, air,

vegetablesthere

air.

Let

"

from

are

the

the issue of the four

Sacred

Art

elements,

and

Turba

The

22

likewise

and

water,

that

all ye

are

dies

essence

earth.

stand, Under-

wise, how

the

until

not

thing everyout

of

Day

of

created

hath

God

which one

Philosophorum,

definition of death Judgment. The of the composite,but is the disjunction of that which is there is no disjunction consists Death simple, for it is one. in the separationof the soul from the body, because anything formed out of

three,

two,

four

or

this is death.

and disintegrate,

further, that

have

spiritfire

a

is that

There

therein is contained

the The

himself

substitute for his The eat

either narrates

eats.* earth, and

and

nature

and

of the

sleep,does

art

ot

name

not

to

seem

Arabian

alchemy

was

Adam

general, and name

no

one

mysterious personager to

be undiscoverable.

signifies lightand

angels,and

by Greek, Syriac,or that the

whose

acknowledges true

in

by

Zosimus,

the carnal

humanity

that

libraries of

the in

But

spiritual man,

except Nicotheos,

alchemist

"

they

the

to

references

death.

signifiesmaterial

of Zosimus

knoweth

similar

are

is identified with

he

whom

which

reference

sanguineous earth, making Ptolemy.

complex eats, drinks,

virgin earth, igneous earth, carnal

him

terms

stand, Under-

things which

in all

sleeps,because

or

no

lacks fire

which

substance

must

components

the

fire.

question whether

have

been

alchemists.

revealed

to

discussed Zosimus

mortals

by

The

Turba

Turba

The

the

not

Hence

opinion,and but

if ye

would

fire

The

of thick

of very of

that

he

:

his

the

elements, ye

things.

out

1 agree

it

but

not,

fire,but

thin

And

opponents,

judgment

eats

assertest

having

is

thick

angels,therefore,are

out

it,

become

these

all whose

simple

each

are

deny

is

!

eats

truly knew

not

with

which

ye

How

"

seeing thou

doubt,

ye

:

23

angels, being created

eat,

fire is that

that

eth

answer

Master, that of fire,do

Philosophorum,

that fire.

created

not

of the thinnest

fire; being created, then,

which

is

simple

most

and

exceedingly thin, they neither drink, nor sleep. And the Turba

eat,

Master,

ceive, per-

for

the the

fallen art

they

by

angels;

must

wrote

be remembered

Isis

to

by

that the

Horus,

prophetess who alchemy possess

from

her.

it is

the

to a

as

them

that

primary

to

primeval books also

was

of

one

Mother

of

the

initiation

tradition

the

; and

alchemy. of

into

great angel Amnael,

the

it

It will

mysteries

appears the

who

of

was

discourse

the

Gods

"

have

we

source

intelligences.In

obtained the

to

magic

same

the

able

are

assistance

God's

be referred

also who

unfolded

faculties

our

:

as

of a

mysteries of desired

to

The

2^

Turba

Philosophorum.

thy sayings,but our faculties unable to of hearing and of sight are God such great things. May carry ciples, thee for the sake of thy disreward the object of since it is with exhausted

instructingfuture generationsthat hast summoned us together from countries, the thou

wilt

Judge

fail

not

to

!

come

the

from

receive

to

our

which

of

recompense

thou

saith

Arisleus

:

"

gathered us togetherfor the advantage of posterity, that 1 think no explanationswill be that

Seeing

thou

useful

more

are,

I

have

God.

The

your

he

And

O

for the sake

begin men

he: the

"

all the

:

"

Should

avoid

to

of future generations.

If it

please

you,

dispositionhere, in

separatedthat, or

in

anything, it

Master,

omissions

And

that

definitions

over

you,

taught of you

None

answereth

Turba

disciplespass

envious

"

propounded

becomes

will

:

ignorant

suppose,

Wise

hast

thou

which

attain.

to

of those

definitions

than

four elements us

hast

their otherwise

books

I

since have

I will put

The

it

Turba

Turba

saith

think

it will

"

be

I

where

foolish,!nor

you

future

for

place it recognised by the

he: be

it will not

the

where

clearest

And

generations.

it

Place

:

25

Whereat

of the book.*

the end

at

Pkilosophorum.

I will

"

ignored by

of the

the Sons

Doctrine, for it is the key,the perfection the end.

and

ExiMENUS

saith

things by

his

them

:

"

"

necessity of concealing the of

anxieties

chief

to

sworn

elements,

by

the

by

secrecy

us

to

person," t The -which

to

of

reveal

says

earth the

height and

the

requiredof

Synesius

and

heaven

is

Art

water

of the

one

Isis herself

alchemists.

Greek

by the bowlings

Anubis, and heen

were

that fire is hostile to water,

The

air,

coagulated,and commingled, for

He

things contrary see

the

elements, earth, water,

fire, which

we

unto

with

made,

theywere

all

created

hath

God

:

word, having said

Be, and

four other and

Dictum,

Ninth

The

hell,by the four

and

depth, by Hermes,

Kerkoros.

'"

An

nothing clearlyto in

Democritus

is

the

oath any

by has

initiated [un-

Epistle of

Dioscorus,

reader

this passage

composition.

will not

fail to observe

betrays the

whole

the artless way

dialogue as

a

in

literary

Turba

The

26

hostile

fire,and

to

and

earth

moon,

with

all

indeed

and

have

natures

of these and

nature

they

by

which

by the

But

stated ;

I have

is of diverse

natures

legionof diversities

a

ture, na-

is the

this

diverse.

subsists

in all creatures, because

were

created

Now

versity di-

of each

Had one

sea,

diverse

creations. than

more

and

alike, for

not

made

been

also the

diversityis

heaven

"

in the sea,

are

various, and

are

one

elements,

earth

stars;

things that

God, and

four

united

love

they

to

thereof; the angels; the

the throne

sun,

hath

all thingscreated

therefore,are

each

that

of these

Out

hostile

are

God

Yet

air.

another.

their

both

so peacefully,

them

and

Philosophorum.

of diverse

out

they been

created

element, they would But

agreeingnatures.

of

out

have

diverse

ments. ele-

been

elements

being here mingled,they lose their own the dry being mixed natures, because with

the humid

with

the

hot; with

so

the

the cold

and

hot, become also

dry

the

neither

humid

becomes

combined cold

being

neither

nor

mixed

dry

nor

TuRBA

:"

Master,

if you

heed

your

will

give

he:

I have

"

which

tincture

Do

copper.* your

brains

your

hearts

*

from

and

this

Greek.

For

Nomenclature

reference

is

hence

is

throughout all alchemy. of Crates

is

cosmology, and

Gold

white copper

Among

The

is crude

Lexicon

sulphur.

the earliest

that copper, from

passage

is said

image

subject of continual

a

It appears

Another

process.

copper.

says

is the

of the four elements.

symbolical,and appliesto

essential substance. lead and

of

writers, but also in the

composed

philosophical copper

the term

alchemical

describe the processes

to

language

transition

remembered

be

it must

mediceval

soul, and body. spirit,

that

sudden

of the Egg affirms that the egg

the Book a

a

into

example, the Byzantine fragment entitled The

of the world, and

t The

in the

in the Latin

be

Methods

of the Hermetic

only

coppert

to

give

unless

that

axiom,

point there appears cosmology to alchemy, but

not

our

I will

aforesaid

ot the great work

from

lest ye fill

sorrow.

At this

that it is one

true

money,

your

with

no

therefore, exhaust

not

the

turn

you

except

fundamental

a

you

made

is

spoken.

as

that

present,

that

words

useful

follow

we

Then

words.

speak only

all

speak,

discoursed, and

will

ye

Know,

to

now

I will

well.

Philosophorum,

Turba

The

28

to

the a

like man,

transform

has

treatise

same

stage

describes

thorities, au-

it

of the as

only

the with

of Chrysopeiaexplainsthat

The

Turba

Philosophorutn, visible coins" and

make

white, and

29

then

again turn it into redness,+ until a Tincturei results, verily,ye accomplish nothing. Burn therefore afterwards

its blackness

Berthelot

M.

the

meaning

A sent,

an

t

the

of

the Book

operation to

comprises the (red),as

Isis to the

process

a

as

to

the

the

is to

Alchemists,

Preparation

recipein the twenty-

Questions

in many

of

of

to

places. The

copper.

that

says

making

softening and

calcination,and

substance

Greek

of the White

Horus,

Leucippus

Greek

of Ancient

Natural

book the

white

Democritus,

coction

Synesius,the

Lexicon

of

which

It is

to

invariably

addressed alchemical

and

by work

making yellow

of the

process

making yellow is an

speciesof tincture,that a

reference

the Philosopher,addressed of Sytiesius,

with

also the

% The

of

misconception

a

The

use

silver.

Combination

According

copper.

the

is

writers.

and

Dioscorus, and elsewhere

Democritus

that

out

alchemists

in the Collection

first paragraph of

a

white.

preparationsfor whitening and reddening

example,

again in

pointed

of anterior

Numerous

in the Address

is

becomes

same

Latin

alloyof gold

will be found as, for

has

by the

nummus

of the

an

of

rule it.

"

term

deprive it

by cooking,imbuing, and

washing, until Then

it up,

break

the copper,

of

mineral

of

whitening

igneous regeneration.

two Chrysopeia distinguishes so

permeates

change its nature,

superficial colouring.

and

and

scaks

that which

into duces pro-

The

30

Turba The

Philosophorum.

Tenth

Arisleus

saith:

this work

is the

Dictum.

Know

"

that

of

art

and

you

reduce

immerse

Next

of

Water

said

shewn

thin

tablets.

tablets

in the

is permanent

Sea,+ which

our

Take,

I have

it to

the

key of

Coins.*

therefore,the body which to

the

Water,! and, after it is covered," over

gentle fire

a

and

melted

equivalentot later is

become

In this instance

*

tablets

the term

the thin

metal

used

the

as

stripsinto which be cut

to

it

before

given treatment.

a

t Pelagus, cited the Sacred

a

be

to

are

Etheliae,

or

appears

lamina"

or

tablets

waters

alchemy frequentlydirects

subjectedto

the

until the

it

set

by Olympiodorus Zosimus

Art, quotes

in

the

Treatise

in definition of the

on

sea

as

hermaphrodytic element. \ The

is that

water

asriiorm also

of El-Habib

Book

of

water,

spiritualblood.

a

azure

primal sulphur.

and

When

boiled,it transforms

is water

eternal

becomes Rulandus

says

perfectbodies, and which

have

" mouth

The

been

of

silver,which,

of the vessel.

the

is

it in

with It is

sulphur. the

gold. after

male

It is also

preparation,

later

philosophicalsolution

enumerates

assigned to

reference

into

Interpreting

it is the he

of

water

afterwards

water.

that

It is identified

water,

(arsenic)into silver,and said that copper

that the virtue of eternal

says

writers, of two

contradictorynames

alchemy.

apparently

to

the

closing of

the

The

which

Turba

and

one

are

is

Brodium

until

untilit

be

with

same

*

is

short

A

that

and

a

the

persons with

process

approbation from by

colour

(in

without."

the

cook

its

until

patience weary.

water,

own

until

then, is Burnt Leaven

view

of

of

of

it

prepare

the

by

Burnt "

the

whitening)

Burnt

Zosimus,

sulphurated iron

as

Gold

Cook

Diversity of

the

writings

author

same

Water, which

Democritus.

same

also

the

thereof.

On

excursus

many

defined

with

Permanent

preservedamong

noted

it,mix

become

is the

Flower

the

call

we

rub

Use

This,

red.

Copper,* which and

Then

Water,

is Permanent becomes

the

preceded from it,which

has

which

of

blackness, and

lest you

Ethelia

to

its water

of Gold, and

pounding the

like

it,therefore,

red Etheliae.

it becomes

Imbue

of

appear.

the Gum

in

Cook

deprived

the whiteness with

gentle fire

a

coagulated,and

of Salt.

Flower

thing.

variegated,which

become

coins

in

stir in

until it be

Ethelise

31

same

produced,

Then

Saginatum.

the

simmer

Mix, cook, and

the

Philosophorum,

and

means

is

copper metal

Copper

where of

quoted

is

it is

sulphur,

with

high

is elsewhere

rendered

tinged within

bloodand

The

32

with

always

a

is

water

the

Parmenides

Ye

:

"

taking

have

dealt

minously volu-

brodiums,

several waters,

deceive

metals, seeking to

aspire after knowledge.

red,

of this

out

make

for

our

copper,

lead, lettingthese

and

copper

for the grease,

stand

know

must

therefore,all these, and

the white

tin

saith

who

Leave,

all

it becomes

Dictum.

men

with

all you

and

Eleventh

envious

stones, and

dried

powder.

The

that

be

water

operation until

consumed,

subtle

most

Philosophorum.

it,until the

Continue

up.

the

Turba

or

blackness, and

liquefaction.Know

the

further,that

unless

of Truth, and

ye rule

harmonize

the

well

ye,

Nature

together

complexions and compositions,the the neous, consanguiconsanguineous with its

and act

the

first with

improperly

because

natures

effect

and

will

the

meet

first,ye

nothing,

their natures,

rejoice. For in them they putrefyand are generated,because is ruled Nature by Nature, which follow

them, and

The

Turba

Philosopliorum, it into

destroysit,turns to nothing,and

ye

know

may

look the

it and putrefies

savour

it possesses,

what

how

be

united

made

at

peace,

gentle

in

the

of

they

set

your

until

they similar

If indeed, ye know

Truth, do there

not

the

disaster,and the

have

"

and

the

Nature

Nature

and

become

fashion. facts

in

work.

the

Natures

of

the work, since

nothing

but

harm,

fore, Consider, therethe

Wise, how

whole

work

in this

rejoicesin

Nature,

teachingof

saying:

the

not

sadness.

declared

to

approach

follow

will

hands

ruption cor-

another

Having, therefore,noticed this Art,

each

love

these natures

to

fire in

what

enmityand

how

one

Truth,

neighboursit

also after love

and intervene,

that

books,

renews,

what

naturallyhas, and

should

in

Nature

what

other,how

renews

producesthe frequently

Therefore

same.

dust, reduces

finallyherself

it,repeats, and

33

contains

In these

Nature. forth unto

words

there is shewn

whole

work.

and

superfluous things,

they

you

the

Leave, therefore,manifold take

and D

Turba

The

34

Philosophorum.

coagulate in quicksilver,* Magnesia,t in Kuhul, or does

which

burn

not

itself into red Know

into redness

is like

which

wax, to

their souls

t The

the

treatise, and

the

of

follows

that

colour

any

is

Alchemy the

and

takes

+

is

attracts

complete

Body

of

reference

According

of

Greek

Alchemists,

Philosophorum^

adepts.

body

In

of

the

Zosimus

method

of

one

the

to

the

sign ot

Magnesia

is

Dioscorus; and

Synesius and

Magnesia, to

to

Turba

The

term.

Magnesia,

common

of Democritus

the school

the

not

the

later

the

to

in the discourse

Metallic

whitened.

Nature.

by coction, and

inspirationof

belonging to

treatise with

turned

Water,

all bodies

appliesequally to

that

the

gold.

Epistleof Synesius,

Greek

readily assumes

Magnesia

are

mentioned

sea

them.

who

Cinnabar

red,

is not

rejoices in

digeststhem

; it

this remark

treatises

And

of

Permanent

it,for Mercury whitens

possessionof

our

the

turns

colour

gold

by

save

Nature

imparted

on

that

Mercury, according to

"

and

the

and

also

ye

because

it upon white.

that it

I tell you

gold.

same

proceed to coction,itbecomes

ifye

when

the

it becomes

still more,

cook

if ye

place

it becomes

when

Copper,

in

make

;

white, and

nature

body of Sulphur

the

by

has

a

which

special it is

the mixture Synesius it signifies

of substances.

\ Turba

The

formulae which

Philosophorum :

are

Nature

so

frequentlyrepeated in the rejoicesin

Nature

:

Nature

The

36 which

Turba

Philosophorum.

those

wisdom love. investigating with bodies, the For when it is liquefied highest operation is effected. If ye knew

the

would

truth,what !

give me

while

those which

it overcomes

and

changes them

to its own

it mastered be

the

volatile

fire, either

the

the

interior. other

joined

fire.

the

endures

to

And

endure

the

other

whitened

the the

whiten surfaces, they will certainly

further,all ye

Know

interiors.

after Wisdom,

that

four, and all

consumes

answereth *

Optis.

not

Thou

Sulphur,Mercury, as

are

:

not

the most The the

appear

Authors.

The

alone Turha

spoken excellently

Salt

and

comes over-

figurein

all Hermetic

ature liter-

of the Magnum indispensableprinciples

later writers

substances so

Sulphur*

things. hast

seekers

matter

one

our

if

And

also, that

Know

have

vapours

mixed,

surface,even

the

but

are

colour.

the

it visibly overcame

one

if

Learn, therefore,that

tingeingthe cinders,you mixed. destroy those that are

For

so

ye

are

you

must

as

great thanks

never

commonly

plainly in

of

weary

earlier

so

and

affirmingthat they

called,but this does

especiallyin Greek

Turba

The

Philosophorum.

to

the

is whitened

!

The

Lucas

not

dispositionof the posterity,nor how the same

demonstrated smoke

hast

thou

but

Parmenides,

well, O

37

Twelfth Dictum.

saith:

I

will

speak

this

at

time,followingthe steps of the ancients. after Know, therefore, all ye seekers this treatise is not

that

Wisdom,

from

beginning of the ruling!* Take t which the male, is from quicksilver, and coagulate according to custom. that I am Observe speakmg to you in

the

with

accordance

it

because

custom,

already coagulated. Here, therefore,is not the beginning of the ruling,but I prescribe this method, been

has

*

insight into

further

A

is afforded

book

designed other middle

to

be

this

point. The

conveyed is, works,

alchemical of the

at

process"

artificial character

the

the

that

in

more

the is

meaning which with many

common

instruction

for the

of

begins

in

the

complete confusion

of the uninitiated.

t It

be

should

attribution of the found as

in

seven

the Turba.

Mercury,

nor

noted

in

metals

to

this the

connection seven

is Thus, quicksilver

gold as Sol, "c.

that

planetsis never

the not

spoken of

38

The

namely,

that you

Turba

from

impose

and

it.

But

the

governed

or

in the

is made

iron, therefore

our

nature

the

Ancients

commanded

cook

body

own

the

until tin is

a

magnet

then, the

take, and

is

the

Take,

to

with

there

as

+ rejoices.

which

same

converted

is

male

forasmuch

the

either

shall

affinitybetween

certain and

iron, tin,

Magnesia

way,

silver quick-

take the

it will be whitened.*

and

White

shall

male, and

the

upon

copper,

Philosophorum.

vapour you its

with

same

produced.

Wash

its blackness

accordingto custom, and and cleanse at roast an equable But every body fire until it be whitened.

away

with

is whitened for Nature

governed quicksilver,

fore.Magnesia, Water of

of Iron ; whiten The

second

copper, upon whitened."

t The in rejoices

as

with smoke.

recension

that

alternative

of Alum, Water

of the Sea, and

Nitre, Water

*

Take,there-

Nature.

converts

reads

is, governed

reading is :

"

:

'*

+

Ye

Water What-

shall

impose

iron, and

it shall

Therefore

Nature

be

also

Nature."

I Hermes, as quoted by Olympiodorus, defines smoke and the dry. intermediarybetween the warm

soever

The

Turba

ye

desire

whitened is

with

it

and

of

because

Nature

Take,

of White

*

white

alternative

coin

or

t The M.

of Democritus

to

defines the shadow

reads

dew,

the

with

or

"

the

until it shall become

is the flower

copper

Zosimus

destruction of

second

as

copper

Democritus

in silver.

of the shadow

Sol

of

Sons

Salt,+ until it become

brilliant metal.

is called the

\ The

Nature.

Leucippus explainsthat

burning

removal

appear,

of

copper,

explains,protoxide,verdegris.

is

produces

the

sulphureous nature,

reading is :

of

shadow

a

not

a

tablet."

shadow

Berthelot

to

ye

salt and

The

the

or

contains

Doctrine, the white

Flower

till

copper

escape,

therefore, all

with

be

does

coppert

whiten

it

itself,since

spiritsto

shadow

said

excessively-

whitened

when

the

suffer

become

of

germinates

it all

until

this white

Roast

Magnesia

because

whitens

faeces

its

coagulated white.*

and

is

therefore, the

Mix,

smoke

39

whitened

smoke,

white,

things.

be

to

this

with

itself

Philosophorunt,

from

the

metal

a

that

shadow.

epistle without

the

act

of

Pelagus

the

black

also

givesa recipefor the

tinge which

it

copper.

recension

throughout

of

says

The

t.".,

in

for Sal, but

the it is

edition a

of

Mangetus

error. printer's

The

40

Turba

Phtlosophorutn,

white. excessively the

of

Flower

from

for

become

like

it has

this

work

them, because their

meeting

therefore,Mardek

a

plished, accom-

affinity rejoice Take,

natures.

whiten

and

the

same

is, wine

that

Gadenbe,*

the

natures

own

when

it is

is

of

reason

shall

seeing that with Sulphur,

mixed

by

with

condition

excellent

be

must

same

Arcanum,

an

between

Ethel

days, till it gleaming marble, for

is

whence

is

Salt

The

reached

Sulphur

ye, that

seven

great

very

know

White

Ethelia.

boiled

in

And

and

Water. Roast vinegar,and Permanent does not and coagulate until the whole liquefyin a fire stronger than its own, Cover fire. the namely, the former mouth of the vessel securely,but let it be associated with its neighbour, that it

kindle

may

beware *

to

the

lest

Though

Martinus

explain all the

laborious

with

the

thereof, and

fire blaze Rulandus

barbarous

lexicon, and

acquainted Gadenbe.

the

whiteness

endeavoured

terms

though he

Turba,

he

up,

omits

of was

for in honestly

Alchemy

in

his

evidently well

both

Mardeck

and

The

Turba

this

case

and

this will

in

it becomes

the

the

prematurely, nothing,because

profityou

the

ruling you

Afterwards

white.

late coagu-

attain the red.

until you

same

41

red

beginning of

requirethe Let

Philosophorum,

fire be

gentlein the whitening, until coagulation take place* Know that when it is coagulated we call it the Soul, and it is more verted quickly conyour

from

into

nature

therefore,is sufficient for deal with one

the

makes

thing

therein.

Art

For

things, but

need

those

who

Coins, because

of

it but

ye

This,

nature.

operate

many

not

of

number

a

and

every

thing only, which grade of your work

changed

into

another

each

Turba the

saith Wise

one

:

have

speak

you

and

spoken,

briefly, they will follow wish be to wholly

shut

as

that do

who

you

is The

nature.

Master, if

in

in

not

with

darkness.

The

Pythagoras

government

Thirteenth

saith which

:

"

Dictum.

We is not

posit another from

another

Philosophoruin,

Turba

The

42

root, but it differs in

is

agree

only

envious cerning con-

composition of natures there together,*in savour albeit to sightthey are as

the which

and

their books

enjoined in

have

may

the

whatsoever

that

Wisdom,

know,

after this Science

seekers

all ye

And

name.

one,

possible. Know, also, that thingwhich they have described in

diverse the so

as

without

companion said

thing is

to

seed,

like

to

follows!

which

fire,causes

iron, to

as

this

And its

same

companion colours

many

to

its

the the

which

matrix, for it

a

these.

unto

attains

vainlycompared,

not

nor

and

fire, even

the

follows

magnet

a

follows

ways

many

nor

is also

thing, without appear

embracing it,for this reason, that into every the said one thing enters regimen,and is found everywhere,being

when

a

stone, and

and

also not

precious; "

The

hidden

recension

shorter

stone

a

and

reads

:

"

;

common

concealed,

mony concerning the har-

of the elements."

t According

questioncauses accordingas

to

the

many it is

second colours

governed

recension, the subjectin to

in every

appear

in

regimen.

complexion,

The

44

Turba

for the

names

And

he:

White from

Philosophorum,

the fire and

Break and

the

calx

that

the

pound

taking not

care

Stone,

the

milk.*

mortar, does

humidity

the vessel ; but coagulate

from

escape

White

in

flies

copper.

coagulate it with

afterwards

Then

whitens

alone

therefore,the

up,

Ethelia,

which

that

and

Copper,

seekers ?

White

It is called

"

of

guidance

it in the vessel until it shall become a

cinder.

Cook

Luna

and

stone

broken, and

its own

t

which

which

alreadyimbued call the

assimilates

appear.

that

gum,+

"

The

that milk

is

coagulated."

alchemy is,like of Greek

much

so

It

origin.

all

work

and

names,

drinks

of which

also

Take, therefore, is from

which

recension

second

by

out

stone

all colours same

with

This, therefore,is the we

it,and is the

of

Spume

ye shall find the

regulate.For

water,

stone

with

also

adds

:

The

symbolicaluse

of the

will be

"

that is,after the

in

the

manner

in

of milk

terminologyof found

the

the

Turba^ of

discourse

Synesius. t The

second

shall find the

recension

stone

has

formed,

a

preferablereading :

which

imbue

with

its

"

Ye

own

water."

J The

second

recension

says

:

"

Gum

of Scotia," most

The

Turba

scoriae,and you

faeces

which

if not, roast first

the

and the

the

pounded. water, all

vary

heated.

be

to

take white

if you

Spume of Luna, and bidden, breaking up with as ye are is coagulated, gentle fire,the same the

becomes

and

probably

misprint

a

with

philosophicalgum

without

explanatory context. very

but it is

as

clear

on

clear

as

Chrysopeia defines

the

and philosophically Nomenclature

of

The

not

the

Egg

"c.

in

identifies The

term

Zosimus,

but

Philosophorum

Turba

subject of the philosophicalgum,

the Greek gum

Mercury,

is found

alchemy, and

used

not

in

Ferment,

is much

Rulandus

up,

But

to you.

Scoria.

for

this

it is broken

will appear

colours

many

of

Out

stone.

a

stone, therefore, when

is

powder,

colours

that

or quicksilver,

a

the

permanent

them

moreover,

with

a

be

it

the

suffer

calx,

fire stronger than

a

with

more

more

Know,

in

fire, until

imbue

Then

become

it has

of

look and

Then

water.

45

moistening

know,

you

permanent

but

do

ruled, and

have

whether

see

cinder

with

mix

which

with

Philosophorum.

as

Alchemists, for

the

yolk

literally ; but says

of

the

the

that the white

the Lexicon egg,

of

speaking

treatise of egg

on

the

is gum,

and things, speaking also philosophically,

among

other

without

regard to

the Lexicon.

The

46

herein, if any in

Philosophorunt.

Turba

ambiguity

discourse, do

our

so

find your

ye

The

saith

without

spoken

thee !

reward

God from O

contained

are

in

in

humidity.+

uttered

And

he

when *

t A Formula

like

mastered

recension

of the

have

is this is

the

Greek

Tell

this !

unto

a

:

humidity ? and

venom,

body,

a

it

is Assuberes.

name

Alchemists

:

Sulphurs

are

by Sulphurs, "c.

X The

theriac

and

subjects of discourse Petrus

eih

answer

penetrates

second

May

know,

must

Acsubofen,

O

venom+

In the

Ye

:

Turba

Humidity

:

s"//A.*

Wise, that sulphurs

The

something

he

God

may

thee, Acsubofen,

therefore, what

us,

seems

same

sulphurs,and humidity

envious,

The

became

as

Pythagoras

of the

Assembly

even

the

Then

!

envy

Master, thou hast

:

deliver

also

produced,

Dictum.

envy,

for

thee, and

be

and

purpose.

Fourteenth

AcsuBOFEN*

white

a

shall

you

bidden,

are

ye

until

ruling the same coruscating stone and

as

to

occur

Bonus

with

poison among

to

have

the

stone

early Latin

indeed,

and,

all authors

of

had

the a

are

favourite

Alchemists, like

sovereign remedy destructive

as

well

as

The

with

tingesit in

invariable

an

wise

no

the

the

other pursues,

the

other, and

When

:

an

then

not,

soul enters

and

holds

it.

I will

sulphur is produced

a

Berthelot

that

into the interior of the

body

body togetherand tinges repeat my words in Tyrian

*

to

Alchemical

This

dye, may

tenth

the

to

subtlety," and

equivalentis ios, and Byzantine

Syriac treatise,fixed

A

be

process,

the

is

this

occurs

eleventh

poison

by

M.

century, of its

because ,

alchemy

Arabian

contains Greek

The

ignis.

venerium

recurring continually

in

the

collection.

worded

compared with

tincture, which

a

or

is

which

Animal

the

aspect.

references

many

the

the elixir resembles

"

and

violence

the

belonging

as

varies

the

constructive

says

which

fire,when

Take

dye.*

one

of the

out

reason,

flees from

nor

of

manner

destroy

precious colour,

most

no

laid

has

the

they

sulphureous mixed a

they

Nature

this

For

another.

the

seizes upon

one

afterwards

and

enemy,

it is

flies and

one

equal, after

its

of

be

to

because

body,

lons^er flee,because hold

soul

Concerning this,

said

have

47

colour, and

the

permits

separated from equal thereto. envious

Philosophorum,

Tiirha

at

the

in the a

language

similar

of

recipe for

beginning

the

Tyrian

the

of the Natural

purple and

48

The

called

Turba

Philosophorum,

Kenckel, since all its

is

water

a

with Tyrian colour,and rule the same a gentle fire,as is customary, until it

shall become be

earth, in which

little colour.

a

obtain

But

there

if you

will

wish

to

the

Tyrian tincture, take the humidity which that thing has ejected, and place it therewith gradually in a vessel,adding that tincture whereof the colour was Then disagreeableto you. with

cook

that

dry.+

itshall become with

that

cease

not

dry,

marine

same

until

humour.

Afterwards

imbue

it be

imbued

it to

I describe

Then

leave

surface.

the

regimen

an

several

the most

to

of

out

come

Observe

the urine

you

!

boys,

how pare Pre-

with

this,also,urine plays

In

My$tic Questions of Democritus.

all its

it for

the

it with

moisten

with

vessel,until days in its own preciousTyrian colour shall from

until

dry gradually,and it,to cook, and to

humour, to

water*

important part. "

The

Democritic

t The

moistened,

use

of

sea

water

is

specifiedin

one

of

the

treatises. second

recension

after which

reads

:

"

until it shall become

evaporate the moisture."

The

Tnrba

of the

water

clean

water,

to

imbue

mix,

as

with

until

it imbibe

until

be

a

the

day by day.

I tell you

still

in the

which *

The

t The

ye

shall

second

that

permanent

recension

alternative

a

the

you

never

it should

water,

with

and alternately,

it

reads

that

colour, place

exalted

dye

of

; and

have

Tyrians

if ye wish more

to

appear

the

the

prepared, calx ;+ cook

moisture

And

gum

hast

the

water

own

like of which

made.

mix

absorb the

with

will thence

colour

sufficient,

ly, sufficient-

rust

thou

its

if

water,

sight;

of desiccated

is water

this

be

water

wash

which

do

rule of

which

sea

But

Tyrian colour,

to

permanent

Then

water.

the

the

it

continual*

know

ye

decoct

and

the

with

same

according to same

from

until

red colour.

a

the

Decoct,

humour

own

bring it to

the

and

tinged,

easilypounded.

itself with

ye wish

be

gentle fire,until

a

therefore, in its

49

permanent

it may

that

with

it be

clothe

with

altogethershall depart

blackness

it,and

and

sea, so

decoct

and

Philosophortim.

:

reading is :

"

with water

water

of

of snow."

talc.

Turba

The

50

in the

desiccate

afterwards

aforesaid

the

to

restore

Philosophorum.

black

Tyrian colour

know

that

do

ye

water

which

is of the

called

the

that

from

therein

with

which

the

Flower.

intent

in

this have

*

on

"

The

t The

second

clothed

colour.

all ye

that

the

only.t

one

recension

foundation

of which

account

after

seekers

many

There

Luna

substitutes

of

is

for Lana,

for wool. one

conceptions of which

;

for

vessel

it be

O

perished,is

i.e.,Moon

way

:

know

Art,

water

FifteenthDictum,

saith

Wisdom,

said

the

precious Tyrian The

Frictes

from

fore, Seek, there-

nights, until

most

a

have

proceeds

is in the

place what

and

days

the water.

Philosophers

force

water

your

the

cold,

until it extract

therein

also that

But

of

nature

the force of the tincture

Know

the

tinge the purple Take, therefore,

not

except by cold.

steep wool*

and

water

is intensified.

colour

and

Then

sun.

must

nature,

Greek

be

the

matter, the

one

Alchemy. followed

"

The

is one,

one

furnace

and

one

way,

are

all

is one,

the

is also

the

The

52

Turba

Philosophorum.

gold into sheer vinegar,neither And

mixed

the

therein,and the

with

whiteness,

ness, black-

know

with

turns

which

redness,

nor

made.

spirit,without

which

the

without

a

body

over

the

be

burnt

will

the first humour

is inimical

:

clear.

means

Mercurial *

the

Berthelot

M.

The

Alchemists

Greek

production

puberty ;

then

sulphur

fire)until see

The

Wise

reference

a

supposes

to

the

in the urine of

taking

it becomes

water

no

it

a

Take

sulphur : person who

has

not

unburnt reached

equal quantityot brine, boil

an

rises to the

that it

give the following recipe for

incombustible

of

Prove

ycu

sulphur

Water.

Sulphur,diluted the

the

incombustible.*

becomes

have

Wise

Accordingly,the Rule gently until

cold.

said

and

careful,

Be

is cold.

therefore,of the fire,which to

fire

further, that

know,

And

also, thaf

Know,

vinegar,it

corrupted.

; it

and tinges spirit, invariable tincture,

into

place

therewith

one

is indelible.

if ye

it is

it is contained

body,

same

be

can

that when

ye

and spiritual

a

rust

nor

becomes

nor

by reasoning and

incombustible,

longer

(ofsulphur),pour

on

combustible. in-

examining (?with

that

Take

burns.

it becomes

then

surface,and

till

is to

the

same

say, until

bustible incom-

flower of salt,dilute

as

The

have

men

possess and

Turba

already shewn the

reason

the

Philosophorum.

best

of their

they mentioned, is,that sulphur burns

of Adam

son

this

it and

vinegar

burns

it into

cinder, and

a

ingly Accordit in

name

the

book, and

described

thus

this Art,

Httle of this

a

their

who

Art, which

strong body.

a

they venerate beginning of

the

those

to

of disposition

point

53

the

For

it.

body, also

verts con-

whitens

body, which, if ye cook well and deprive of blackness, is changed into a

the

stone, most

it becomes

that

so

intense

whiteness.

until it be

the stone

and

dissolve

then of the

water

and

Know

sea.

a

coin

of

fore, Cook, there-

disintegrated, with

temper

also, that

the

is

the

succeeds which whitening, to redness, finallythe perfectionof work; but after this, by means

the

beginning

of

vinegar,and follows I have in

the

case

the

by

whole

work

the will of

the

of

God, there

complete perfection.Now, O disciplesof shewn to you,

a

of

divine mystery.

the

incombustible

sulphur.

This

is the

The

54

this

Turba

Turba,

Philosophorum.

thing, which precious,and

is

I

that I have

searched

knowledge

of

prayed also

to

what

me

itis.

shewed knew

Socrates those the

My

the

Sixteenth

of the

Lead, which

requiredvirtue.

how

Hermes thrice-great it into the body, and

into

invariable

an

Have

be

can

possesses

ye

not

seen

infused

the

changed

was

?*

colour

of

Sons

tincture

no

of

crowd

O

still remain

without

I did

more

Dictum,

Know,

"

I

I illuminated.

was

the

red

teach

whereby

water,

Doctrine, that

produced

in

heard. He

was

prayer

more

saith:

that

God

long time

a

that he would

God

books,the The

by

you

I

vinegar,and

pure

read

for

clean

me

to

swear

might arrive at the this one thing, while I

that

so

than

honourable,

more

and

one

perfect,more

more

all natures,

books

the

dispositionof

the

Know,

therefore,that the first virtue is vinegar, "

The

second

recension

thrice-greatHermes, body, the

same

that

reads so

:

"

often

body is changed into

Have as an

ye not

seen,

it is infused into

says

the

invariable colour ?

"

The

Philosophorum

Turba

55

,

and

the second

Wise

have

into

all

is the Lead''' of which

spoken,which

is made

of the stone

out

let it be of the be cooked

in

a

by

Berthelot

of other

simple

:

the

bodies

other On

lead

the Substances

and

is the

equivalentof

form

of

The

different from Part of any

number

of this the

point; he

Egyptians

as

of Art.

Non-substances the

is to alcool

be

found

and

Rulandus

to

Kuhul,

term

in

or

be the

Kuhul,

M.

mentioned

by

Alcool

of wine,

body separatedfrom

Lead

of the

Berthelot and that

more

S3^iac alchemy

sulphuratedantimony

impalpable powder.

Alcohol

a

lead that the three

alone, for it is from

accurately Kohol,

explainedby

explains

alloys. Zosimus, the

recognisedby

were

significance of

an

with

common

metallic

and

he

derived, i.e., copper, iron,and tin." Zosimus

are

t The

in

other metals

which

transmutation,

the

regarded by the

of the

generator

cook

destroyed,

was

be cited in confirmation

All substances

produced by

that lead

as

bodies

Panopolite,may says

is

body

it possesses

appearances

of Nitre

Water

until

us

of

Then

bright fire

tells

the first matter the

black.

and

the

;+

let it

like grease,

very

Egyptian alchemists and

quality,and

with

same

spissitude of M.

able, unchange-

called Kuhul

till it becomes

the

again

*

best

it is thick

until

all

tingesthem with an invariable which Take, therefore. Lead

colour.

pound

if it be infused

bodies, renders

and

the

is

Philosophers. seems

is, in fact, the which

in the

Koheul,

or

; it

is

be

to

pure

impure.

The

56 the

Philosophorum.

Turba

being rejected. Kindle,

water

it until the

therefore,above

in

clean, abounding

with

it afterwards

with

and for

find

the

Cook

the

cook

moisture, and

of

when

that

know

drinks

*

The

second

water

for

days."

referred

been

to

of Democritus, process

In

Mystery.

of

dew

the

the

additions

of

a

an

it is tabulated but

fresh

here

pound

it

salt

for

10

mysteries has and

important part

the in the

Mysterious Question*

the as

we

water

alchemists,

in

in

Take

days, again with

and

Natural

later hand.

water

Thus

Atterwards

**

the

is mentioned

philosophicalalbumen,

stone.

by liquefaction.

lead.

all Rosicrucian of

whitening, and

FhilosophicalEgg

:

yet again with

dew

the

ye shall

of its humour

for 29

philosophorum certainlyplays

Great

or

reads

rain water

explanation of

The

10

deprived become dry. But it becomes dry it

recension

days, and

20

and

until it be

however, lest it be burnt.

with dew, salt,and

ros

tin

it is burnt

because swiftly, care,

days,

with

more

remains

what

up

21

metallic

a

once

same

Again

sun,

water,

until it become

of nitre

the

water,* when

like to

same

for

water

salt

with

fresh

with

days

Pound

and

dew

rain

and

sea

days

10

precious

exceedinglywhite.

metal, and

comes be-

stone

fragment a

M.

with

connection

name

on

of the

Berthelot

a

the white

suspects

The

Turba

Philosophorum,

call it incombustible the

same

and

cook

with

Pound

sulphur.

the

57

sharpest vinegar,

till it becomes

thick, taking

lest the

vinegar be changed into smoke and perish; continue this coction for 150 days. Now, therefore,I have care

demonstrated white

the

lead, all which

being no

of the work

of the male shewn

for

lead,

receiving

receives

from

the female.

The

writers, but

Greek

Latin

Albertus

which

indentifies

Berthelot

of the ancients.

to

it is found.

who

is of

a

Mix,

with

the in

of

the

male,

by

the

male*

tingeingspirit

a

them, therefore, orpiment

itself does

word

there

Greek

Magnus,

Mix

for

rejoices

is assisted

the male

M.

orpiment.*

strength

But

the

discovered

female

the

and

lead, while,

orpiment

the

she

because

in the

in

therefore, the

work

also, that

I have

female

the

you

follows

gold proceedsout female, but I have

the male

you

the

of

the

and

like manner,

from

women's

Know,

play.

arcanum

"

afterwards

than

more

child's

in

disposition of

with not

the arsenic occur

in

the

fifteenth century translation

the

reappears

Semita as

Recta, ascribed

Peter

Theoctonicos,

to

in

Philosophorum.

Turba

The

58

together,place

in

glass vessel, and

a

pound with Ethelia and ver}^ sharp days, taking vinegar; cook for seven lest the

care

leave wish

smoke

arcanum

throughout the night. it to

put

mud

on

away,

and

But

if ye

(colour), seeing

already dry, again imbue with vinegar. Now, therefore,I have notified to you the power of orpiment, is the woman is acwhich complished by whom

that

it is

the Do

shew

not

most

great

these

unto

arcanum.

the

evil,for

they will laugh. It is the Ethelia of vinegar which is placed in the preparation, by which things God perfectsthe work, spirits take whereby also possessionof bodies, and they become spiritual. The

ZiMON*

saith

and

spoken

Seventeenth :

O

Turba

disciples,now

about

making

yet remains

to

reddening!

Know,

^* Otherwise

Dictum,

treat

into

phers of Philosohast

thou

white, but it

concerning

all ye seekers

the

after

Zenon, according to the second recension.

6o

of this kind he

speak

Master

at

the

combine

of

the

Take

the

until

for the sake

I will

:

red."^'

which

copper

ordered

his

of

desiccate

book,

congeal also

thick ;

red.

it becomes

until

it

cook

therewith, and

lead

take

to

you

beginning

it becomes

and

teaching of posterity. making lead

add, therefore, another

well ;

And

Philosophorum,

Turha

The

of Lead certainlyis the Red which the wise spake ; copper and lead become a precious stone ; mix them equally,let gold be roasted with them, Here

for

this, if ye

well, becomes

rule

+ tingeingspiritin spirits.

the

male

and

there is not

but

the female

produced into

composite turned

produced *

The

enumerated

the

various

under

volatile

the

substances names

of

of

which

Minium,

the

spiritis

the

world.

alchemists

by M. Berthelot, including,in addition is the modern

founded con-

Rubric, etc.,

name

of

only vermillion, cinnabar, realgar,etc.,

oxydes

wife,

From

red

a

beginning

sur-oxyde of lead, which not

conjoined

spiritualcomposite.

a

when

So

are

a

a

are

to the

minium, but

some

of iron.

t The

spirit among

second

recension

spirits."

reads

:

""

becomes

a

mighty

The

Turba

this is the

Behold

Red

called

lead

which

Lead, which

is of

without

and

seekers

than

which

of

after this

not

ameliorated

For

there

these

"

who

applications,and

of

Work,

the

that with any

gum

in agreement of

the

That

passage

which

water, the in

a

with

The

addition

the

species of body with

the

just cited

fragment attributed

to

a

be

may

and The

dimi-

are

Exposition

little [philosophical]

tinged. And Water

Permanent

find the

we

tinges tinctures great mystery.

of

tain cer-

sustain

Detailed

authority,for

same

find

cannot

they on

identifies Gum

Mundus

when

Zosimus

is

investigate

they

because

from

It appears

gum

are

by gold alone.

except

be very many

labours

there

this

that

things, yet they the

out

is generated.*

few

how

Know

find it !

who

and

gum,

it is

the seekers

are

many

have

water,

permanent

how

O

that

but

ways,

precious stone

our

The

:

books

their

in many

gum

other

effected !

know

must

Philosophers in

none

work,

our

Turba

the

to

after this Art

described

have

EighteenthDictum, saith

MuNDUS

6i

we

nothing is

which

The

the

Philosophorum.

in

the

of

context

following words:

things tinged is gum

he is

Divine

gold is mentioned

Agathodemon.

The

62

But

nished. made

are

of

out

of this gum,

it do

more

it

our

honour, for

also

more

who

honourable

more

cannot

is

gum

all those

therefore,is for

preciousand

existing

arcanum

gold,and hold

applications

that

ye

it the gum

gum,

the

words, for I

the

gold,yet gold we

without Our

the

and

Know

stronger than know

already

diminished.

therefore, my you

of

out

has

never

are

explainunto

therein.

and

gum

tincture, they sustain

the

Understand,

than

the

stone, which

labours, and

will

applicationswhich

the

the honourable held

Philosophorum.

Turba

be

improved. Philosophers

sublime

than

with a little because out of gum pearls, Consequently, the gold we buy much. committing these Philosophers,when might thingsto writing that the same not perish,have not set forth in their manifest the books disposition,lest should become one acquainted every familiar therewith, and having become to a

fools,the small

same

would

not

sell it at

price. Take, therefore,one

part of the

most

intense

white

gum

;

The

Turba

Philosophorum.

one

part of the urine

one

part of the gallof

of

part of the body of gum, it cannot

be

cook

and these

things

the

by

dried. with

improved for

have

Then

cook

of

Then

fig, and dried

afterwards

with

mix

grass,

and

Then

moisten

until it be dried.

become

Having with all

and

of

most

the

and

whole

of the

moisture

of

dry.

rainwater, then and

dew, imbue

intense

is

force

cook

with

manent per-

until

the

same

equipped cook of

body

it

dryness.

things,mix

the entire

which

it be

desiccate

which

by

of the root

of colours, and

the

perish;

these

gum

manner

until

the

milk

until

Also

water,

done

milk

of

water

until it

composite,

it with

sprinklewith

milk

the moisture

cook

again

are

mixed

it,and

till that

the

in

up

they the

until

it with it

tions por-

When

same,

extract

cook

which

these

till

the

mix

one

done, congeal

sun

dry evaporate

heat.

be

; mix

ferment,

fail ; afterwards become

without

been

of the

calf;

and

fortydays.

heat

milk

white

a

fish ;

a

63

strongly

the be

with

water

deprived

The

64 of

its

Turba

Philosophorum .

while

humidity,

by cooking,

same

thereof

the

until

the

dryness

dismiss

Then

kindled.

be

imbue

ye

for

tion fortydays. Let it remain in that trituraor decocting until the spiritpenetrate the body. For by this regimen the is made corporeal,and the body spirit

spirit. Observe the vessel, therefore,lest the composition is

into

changed

a

These off in fumes. fly and pass things being accomplished, open the ye will find

vessel, and

of gum,

arcanum

have

Nineteenth

saith

Dardaris

that

knowledge have

us

this Art

familiar "

The

in the

to

with reference

this dictum, is

to

Assembly,

the Greek

the

the

Philosophers

the

Alchemists.

the

Water.

nothing tillhe of

the Masters, which

of

before

is introduced

power

be understood but

common

Masters"

who

attempt

to

is

Permanent

one

the

Dictum.

It

:

described

it behoves

Now, to

which

ye

in their books.

concealed The

which

therefore, is

This,

purposed.

that

not

older

of

this occurs

is

Pertwice in

previous speakers

philosophers,namely,

The

Turba

Philosophorum, and

Water,

manent

the

contrition,and behoves

to

us

famous

in

regimen, it invariablythis

Permanent

fore, He, there-

Water.

does

who

commixture,

whole

use

Permanent

65

understand

not

and

Water,

its

sable indispen-

regimen,may not enter into this out Art, because nothing is effected withthe Permanent thereof

is

The

Water.

force

spiritualblood, whence manent Philosophers have called it PerWater, for,having pounded it

the

a

the

with

before body, as the Masters have explained to you, by the will me of God it turns that body into spirit.* For these, being mixed together reduced

and

to

transform

one,

each

body incorporates the the spirit incorporates spirit,and like blood. the body into tingedspirit, the

other;

And

know

spirit

ye,

the

blood

also

therefore, this

!

arcanum

"

hath

Remember,

well.

as

same

hath

whatsoever

that

The

second

recension

adds:

"and

the

spiritinto

body." F

66

The

Turha

The

Belus

answers

:

:

O

"

make

phers, philoso-

of their

Master,

saith

with which

:

have

us,

is called

It is

"

Then

him.

who, in

Those

"

:

lest I should

with

equal

Pythagoras

answereth

He

called

thou

hast

Belus, why

them

book

Pythagoras

Seeing that they are

in honour

have

disciples,ye

? disciples

them

Dictum,

!" excellently

"

O

junction con-

this

composed

Turha^ ought

the

he

disciples. Then

to be termed

not

.

Twentieth

saith

discoursed

Philosophorum

:

"

described frequently Water, and the making of

Master, they have Permanent

*

The

Zosimus,

On

the a

of

Virtue

that my

reasons

not

whole

this and

Interpretation

that

excellent master,

and is

has

not

a

no

is known

time

name

one.

it has

""

not

to its nature,

so

that

Take

while

no

say

has

it is

money

is

value, that

no

which

has

names

many For

this stone

exceedingly precious,at the

value

;

its nature

is one,

denominations

absolutelyspeaking,

smoke,

self him-

which

stone

aphroselinon."

that whether

flees the fire,or white

these

form, that unknown

is without

Nevertheless, many

given it,I do

is uttered.

;

everyone,

I refer to

name,

stone, and

same

to

is for

makes

Democritus,

preciousthing which

polymorphous objectwhich thing which

It

"

in

passage

a

.

followingdistinction

stone,

recalls

Dictum

it is called or

white

the

copper,

have

but

its been

according

being which no

falsehood

astronomically

it

guished

Philosophorum,

Turba

The

68

So

the Heart

of the

forth

the milk

of volatile

saith

who

seldom

have

to

its bizarre

which

is

to

a

as

of

be

Bulandus,

it is

when

moon

passage

mercury.

But

"

of

passage

made

only from

to

seems

of significance and

tion, Interpreta-

concerning

"

waning," and

the

allegoriseupon

Note

how

M.

the

in

the

also

the

expression

Synesius.

he is

Hermes,

Agathodaimon." to

that

Lapis Arabicus, Aphroselinum,

Selenite, not

Turba,

fire. In fact,says

with

and

me

the

that

to note

it is to be found, and

this

the

of

"c., supposed to

Hermes

describingwhere

recalls

mythology

but

the

supposes

volatilisation

the

Virtue

On

from prescription

will find it with

Berthelot

Turba

Zosimus,

about

qualityof resistingthe

it has the you

In

falls from

referred

"'

troubled himself

terms.

there

curious

is very

It

quite frequentlyquotes

Rulandus,

hast

Belus, thou

O

"

Lexicons.

in the

wanting

:

concerning the despised

much

so

quicksilverwith things.

out

Dictum, Twenty-first

The

said

is

which

of

brought

Pandolfus

"

called it

that

be

:

yet others

Sun, and

it to

declared

a

of

out

have

also others

metals."

have

produced

is

which

**That

is

best

the

of which titles,

thousand

received

already

it has

metically; arith-

or

reflect the likeness of the Moon,

dew

by the

foam

of the

Moon."

"

The

Turba

stone*

that

added

by thy

I

is

a

brethren

!

Howsoever, this

water,

after

Wisdom,

know,

that

of

is water

water

despised

and

permanent

all ye seekers

69

hast left nothing to be

thou

posteritythat

teach

stone

Philosophorum,

manent per-

mundane

because, verily, life,t Philosophersiaye that

stated

contains

Nature

principle of

the

And

persons.

dictum

that

ye

preciousor purer than that no tingeing venomt

the hand reference

Zosimus,

despised

and

not

himself

uncommunicated

the Greek

so

have on

the

mystery

adept calls

precious,and

the New

may

his dictum

Treating, in

stone

on

the

suggests

Testament,

the

is gene-

betray

through

where any-

although the which

stone

that

from so

far

source.

subject of calx, concerning of

the

encephalous

despised thing which

it the

Sun,

except in

it from

drawn

body

no

derived

is

idea

rejected,the from

not

compiler,and

Christian

a

have

Zosimus

the

of

the

to

builders

the

Philosophorum does

Turba

The

*

the

for reasonable

work

know

Nature

Philosophers

more

and

as

The

this short

constituted

have

and

Nature,

Nature.

overcomes

is

rejoicesin Nature,

Nature

a

number

of

stone,

is most

contradicting

denominations.

t The

X also

The

found

second

recension

symbolism in

of the

Zosimus,

reads venom

:

""

clean water."

of the

commenting

philosophersis

upon

Democritus.

The

70

Turba

without

rated

Philosophorum.

the

He, therefore, who the

of the

venom

and

Sun

Philosopherswithout has

that

pit wherein

his

But

he who

tinged

the wise out has Know

the

:

The

word

Greek

and

bodies,

*

A

Virtue

On

of

venom

and

Essay

on

of

the

Lexicons

its

of

an

adept.

According

to

of

the substance

oil ot same

gold without term

a

On

the

burned

when

recovered

natron,

and

process

several times,

shadow.

is referred

Alchemy. Code

Copper

"

of

to

by

Ancient

and significance,

treatise,entitled The of

with

the Transmission

explanationof

specificvirtue

serpents.

thus:

runs

having undergone the

oriental

of

annotation

in Zosimus Mary (thefirst)

after

t This

intel-

Interpretation.

sulphur, treated

excellent

Turba

now

an

spirit separated from

quotationfrom

an

even

the

is

The

metals, the

of

with

his

him

to

hast

rouille

of Yellowing

becomes

Cambart

hidden

signifies,says

the

it is the

Measure

it

when

coin

the

Thou

"

Berthelot,the

body."

its shadow*

alreadyrevealed.

Zosimus,

of

venom

highest Arcanum.

Philosophers,

answereth

of

the

and

our

knows

Arcanum

M.

remains.

fore, red, is called gold ; he, there-

who

of

that

also

becomes

the

at

fallen into

sadness

of the Sun

arrived

make

to

attempts

these,already errs, and has

its shadow.

In

of Truth,

an

it

without

Science

it is not

in

Berthelot

M.

found

ancient

figuresas

in

any

alchemical the

name

The

Turba

Philosophorum,

ligiblydescribed hast not

this

stone,

its

narrated

71

thou

yet

regimen

its

nor

the

composition. Return, therefore,to take

to

and

occult

an

wine, but of this

take

you num, arca-

and

Magnesia,* and

it be

with

pounded

not

care

except

I direct

"

honourable

is mixed

same

:

is White

which the

saith

He

description.

make

to

and

pure

use

clean

;

finally place itin itsvessel,and pray God that He may grant you the sightof this cook gradually, very great stone. t Then if it has

and, extracting,see black

in

stone,

which

well. excellently is the white, which

case

for the an

The

Chemistry of Moses

whitening

arcanum,

Kuhul, closed up with

until it becomes

*

of

gives

Magnesia:

"

the

following process

"Taking

Magnesia and

equal quantityof Cappadocian salt,place in Let

clay.

burnt

Then,

is far better

it stay there

black, let

if it be

cook

to

for it

this mystery,

have

ye

great

a

a

rule it thus

But

ruled for

become

evening

from

it be cooked

it in

a

till it

a

till

vessel of

morning.

whitens,

Hide

glass-maker's furnace.

comprises everything which

it

but

concerns

whitening by decoction." t It does

not

appear

Philosopher'sStone was

familiar

to

Greek

as

a

that medicine

alchemy.

the

conception of

of metals

and

of

the men

The

72

Philosophorum,

Turha

blackness

blackness, which does

longerthan fortydays.

remain

not

the

Pound

is

gold of and

one,

its

therefore, with

same,

confections, which of copper,

that it

see

the

are

the Indies whose

certain

a

flower

said

unguent, that is,of fixed exalted alum,

a

of

extract

that

crocus,

an

is,

;* cook the four,

t^

or

root

therefore,permanently for 40

or

days.

42

After these

days God will show you the principle (or beginning) of this stone,

which

is the

sightof

favoured

Cook

accounts.

so

often

so

often

God

"

and

The

the

know

the cinder, and

until its colour turns

ye desire.

not

note

sentence

confirms

which

is

help it out.

of the word

recension

imbue

desiccated

complete that

marginal

the

many

fore, Now, therewhich

I have

authenticityof this sign is extremely doubtful,

editions does

of

which

And

ye imbue

as

again humectated, into that which

are

strongly,and

it be

must

will I

there

that remains.

with the gum ye that

Atitos, of

stone

Hoc^ which

appended

It is

is

no

to

doubt

printed

reading really a mis-

required to make

immediately following. this view.

most

The

sense

second

The

begun, if Know

Turba

God

also

the

work rule

to

third

Philosophorum,

will look that

of

it with

the

preserve

precious

the

of

part

kindlyon us.* perfection of

the

this

the

is

stone

residue

of

medicine, other

two

y^

the

and

to

buing parts for im-

and

till the cooking alternately requiredcolour appears.! Let the fire be

intense

more

let the it

is

be

matter

desiccated

therefore,the the

thirds

a

until

wax

the

times

until

all.

and

ye if ye

be

of

the

the

work

other

two-

earth

true

Finally,place the

The

emendation introduced

t The

to

same

to

its

perfectionof

the

you

the text

But, if not,

!

original is untranslatable given in

bibe im-

satisfactory. Blessed

understand

I will repeat

*

imbibes

it

cated, being desic-

rest

be finished,and

Cook,

hot fire until the earth extract

flower are

when

it coheres.

imbue

them

former;

cerated, and

gluten of gold, which

seven

on

the

than

has

no

;

the

conjectural

authority,and

is only

provide a meaning.

reading

substituted,owing

of the

to the

second

corrupt

state

recension of the

has

been

longer text.

The

74

the work. is

Take

most

a

Turba

great

which seven

the

is made

times

imbued,

sand

until

For

the favour

that which of God,

have

Now,

therefore, I have

and

held

free from

Let

your

God

and

show

not

of the

beware

the

what

he

O

all ye

spoken

hast

art

Saith the Turba

:

a

instructingPandolfus be

seekers of

arcanum

is

Dictum,

discretion,therefore,explain

stated, and

coin

colour.

elegantly, and

envy.

has

the

you

saith: Thou

intelligentlyand

:

by

Twenty 'Second

Theophilus

us

you,

!

The

to

to

by

fulfilled the

conjure you

this great arcanum, wicked

often been

Tyrian

Master, that

sure

your

of

stone

do I

truth, so

of the

will appear

is the

up

seek of it

ye

which

stone

it drink

the mouth

as effectually, you

told.

therewith,

of the

out

close

is the

wherein

imbue

sand

whole, and

vessel

the clean white, which arcanum,

tincture;

true

Philosophorum,

dark

not

envious.

after this

gold and vestment,

the

Then

science,

art

and

of the no

one

The

76

Turba

the

finally, open find

the

cook

its

becomes

a

cook

its colours

directions found

the itselt)

in

absorbed

ebibat

does not

in each

agree with

Lexicon

state, and observes

whitened.

black The

stage. word

times."

seven

the

subsequent

version.

that

the

is of Oriental

to

White water.

it had

Laton

A

reached

which

origin.

Stone late

applied by

was

name

when

It is the

is the

earth

it reduces

Philosophers to their Mercury extreme

very

Turba:

the

both, and do this

Boritis,according to Rulandus,

after the black

until

This, therefore,

Saith

arcanum.

duas

you

great putrefactionwhich

(or contains

until it shall have

ter mat-

the other

times

it many

manifest.

very

extracts

a

I directed

that is to say, with

portion,and

French

called

it with the

imbue

which

water

to reserve,

"

cordingly, Ac-

arcanum.

until it becomes Then

mucra.

Permanent

donee

Lastly,

Philosophershave

coagulatedstone

But

shadow.

Boritis;*cook, therefore,that

this stone

great

a

great

very

the

^s the

become

blackness, and

gealed. continuouslyuntil it be conit is congealed it For when

it

like

into

without

copper

shall

ye

quicksilver; by cooking until it be

same

deprived of as

vessel, and

turned

copper

wash

Philosophorum,

must

the be

The

Return

And

the

exists

be

known

affinitywhich

the

and

magnet

water.

rule copper

and

exists

iron, also

between

assuredly

permanent

have

It is to

great

fashion.

Take

and

copper

If, therefore, ye water

permanent

directed, there will thence

the very

yy

Theo-

exposition,O

he:

same

between

Philosophorum,

thine

to

philus! that

Turba

I

as

result

in the

following Magnesia and

arcanum

white

mix with the male, quicksilver,* pound strongly by cooking, not

with

the hands, until the

thin.

dividingthis

But

in the

into two

water

part of the

one

for eleven, otherwise, there be

white

a

salt in its

splendour

vessel, and will

ye

continue

*

mixed

The

with

be

and

the

coruscation of

mouth

whiter

cooking

recension

the male."

:

the

forty days, when than

until

reads

milk

;

by cooking ; its whole

disintegrated,until

second

it

the flower of

of all blackness

the

cook

fortydays, until

for

find it water

deprive it nature

cook

parts,

water

flower,as

strongly close

but

become

water

and

:

" "

Take

the

de-

quicksilver

The

78 filement

Turba

becomes the

you

to

and

water,

a

colour

humidity

vessel.

own

with

the

of

residue

by like

imbue

it,

shall

fail,and

the

the

which

The

appear

cook, until the weight

magnified shall

Cerus*

counselled

there

in its

say,

by decoction and pounded and become

therefore, and the

I

is to

of pomegranates;

syrup

of

that

until

it be

water

wash

pounds (or contains)

also

itself;imbue

I have

which

until

leave

Iksir

the

if ye wish

But

which

part

preserve,

crocus,

the

water,

(or

up

accomplished,

with

other

found

be

broken

arcanum,

be

you,

same

For

wholly

whole

the

a

is

it

wholly clean).

given the

until

perish,

clean, and

that

Philosophorum,

Philosophers have trulyappear.

Twenty-thirdDictum,

saith

:

Understand,

all ye Sons

of the Doctrine, that which

Theophilus

hath

there

an

told you,

namely, that

between affinity *

Bellus.

The

name

substituted

the magnet by the second

exists

and

the

recension

is

The

Turha

Philosophorum. of

alliance

iron, by the

existingbetween

the

one

hundred

days

can

be

useful

there

more

is

I say

why

are

Fear

the

eth

The

"

is

t

of the

well

one "*

to obtain

does

The the

And

he

:

in quicksilver, potency" or strength; adds

space

not

may

observes the

or

?

me

take

in the

obtained

be

:"

This ot

by that

"

the

Between

and combination affinity one

hundred

important,but

Lexicon

the

of Chry and

coction

copper

it is,perhaps,

sop eia

that

in

reference

days."

explains

cinnabar

cauldrons. is to

is

Here

sublimed

sulphur thereof.

\ According

"

will.

Philosophers.

vapour

mercury

;

Turba

The

you

that the Greek

Berthelot

of the

against

alchemically is cinnabar,

sublimed

testify-

is true

what

recension

definition

to state

tin

I

:

!

to

them

given to

The

he

you

you

second

water

:

disparaged

believe

is the male

which

M.

answereih

incensed

Say

:

direct

that

tinf and

what

but

that

Lord, all ye Turba, that your

may

answer

as

than

Turba

nothing you

Master

and

The

for

statement

you

disposition. And

true

that

I

:* what to

the

fitlyruled

is

hast illspoken,having

the

and

affinitybetween

no

?+ quicksilver Thou

composites

magnet

iron, while the copper

79

to

not

proper semen

the alternative version agree end

with

the nature

of the whole

of the

male

:"

'"

The

nature

of the other."

art," says Horus, "is

secretly, seeing

that

all

Turba

The

8o

cook

the

fluxible

a

each

become which

cook

the

%l

is for

one

take the water

divided

had

you

of which

until it

body

water;

Then

stone.

a

its

together with the vapour, shall be coagulated and

masculine until

with

same

becomes

Philosophorum.

into two

parts, ing cook-

and liquefying

body, but the second is for cleansingthat which is alreadyburnt, and its companion, which [two] are the

made

Imbue

one.

the

cleanse,until

times, and and

its

also that

Know

seven

grated, disinte-

it be

be

body

from

purged

become

defilement, and

all

stone

in the time of

earth.

forty-two

days the whole is changed into earth by cooking,therefore,liquefythe same until it become

true

as

quicksilver.Then

wash

nitre until it become

become

to

tin,when

male

and

female.

are

certain

place :

will

find

process charms

that of

a

as

Hke

things

Join the which

is

"

and

can

is

water

of

coin. liquefied congealed and it is

Hence

sought ;

nothing

reunion,

Nature," "c.

male

which

with

until it be

cook

Then

water,

as

;

Horus

the a

most in

says

female,

and

fact, without

succeed,

Olympiodorus On

a

for

the Sacred

a

you

this

Nature Art.

The

great stone

the

Turba

same

until

it

is out

the

with

given the

name

its

that

of

reserved

by

have

we

Cook

crocus.

it,

the residual

with

you

water

unto

companion

imbue

therefore, and

excellent

most

a

also

desiccated

your

say,

things. Rule by cooking and pounding,

Know

water

8i

of two

becomes

crocus.

is to

; that

arcanum

which

Philosophonim,

attain

until you

purpose. The

Twenty-fourthDictum, saith:

BocAScus*

therefore

well, O Belus, and

thy steps ! pleaseyou,

answereth

He

hast

Thou

but do not

:

spoken I follow

it may

As

become

envious, And

for that is not the part of the Wise. Thou

BocAscus:

speakest the truth,

thus, therefore,I direct the Sons

and

the Doctrine.

Philosophers

Take have

lead, and,

as

of the

ordained, imbue,

and afterwards congeal,until a liquefy, is produced ; then rule the stone stone with gluten of gold and syrup of pomegranates

until it be broken *

The

name

in the second

up.

recension

But

is Boratis. G

you

82

The

have

Turba

divided

already parts, with

two

Philosophorum. the

of which

one

the lead, and liquefied

until

it be

earth ;

as

it has

and

become

have

same

become

the

with

pound

water

acquire a red colour, been frequently ordered.*

until it

have

you

The

dried

then

reserved

have

you

cook, therefore,the

water;

as

into

water

Turba

eth

answer

nothing but pileup

Thou

:

hast done words.

ambiguous

Return, therefore,to the subject. And he

Ye

:

who

wish

must silver,1" Otherwise:

*

t The

Greek

Rule

which

by

claim

unassignedfragment of Mercury

cinnabar, a

obtained

is rare

I refer to cinnabar

roasting. It

an

hemisphere ; of

is, one

by the dry

of wisdom.

"

With

An

and

Mercury

way

and

:

"

artificial

rarely. suitable

a

dried

and

testingof souls. Having

in the

towards

the

upper

ascends, avoiding the action it reaches fugitive,

a

Until it has attained this condition, it is

difficultto retain,and is mortal."

\

Magnesia,

with

met

is termed

all which

the fire,until,quittingits role of

state

of

with

manner

spirit,it darts

it descends

Body

the fixation of like

obtained

etherised

accomplished

molybdochalchos.

substance, that

employed easilyvolatilised, become

to

in

is that above

+

Byzantine collection has the

the

followingpoeticalreference "

of the

means

equal. said."

I have

have

to

understands

Zosimus

its

frequently,as

alchemists

the fixation of Mercury

by

it with

mix *'

coagulate quick-

to

its body," says

choice between printer's

"

Fabrication

the second

compart

and

of

recension

carport.

the All, ; it is a

84

The

but

Ttirba

Philosophorum.

these

incorporealthings bodies.* For by this regimen the composite is prepared, and the hidden part of its is extracted.

nature

With

these

bodies

accordinglyjoin quicksilverand the also with body of Magnesia,!the woman the man, and by means of this there is extracted which

bodies

coloured

are

if I understand become

Ethelia,through

secret

our

this

bodies. thingsbecome pound the thingsin the The

"

this

corporeal state,

statement

and

is

Mary

:

unless

corporealstate, that But

which

bodies

into

achieved."

The

preciselythe

that to convert

"

bodies

again

and

"

desired

Zozimus

which

terms

he

Except

"

incorporeal,and unless result

observes

make

you

will

also quotes

is to

transmute

their

be attained."

Turba:

into

no

lose their

assume

in

and corporeal,

fashion,and

same

the

of

text

body,

divine

Philosophical

is desired will not

into

one

diligently and digest

The

Unless

"

corporeal substances

incorporealsubstances

in

fire

quoted by Olympiodorus

convert

two

If ye

bodies

with the correspond literally

you

incorporeal

Byzantine fragment upon

Egg contains

bodies

regimen,

bodies, and

not

assuredly,

;

be

Hermes

elsewhere

impart body

to

the

incorporeal."r^" Body of Magnesia. t Zosimus, commenting

upon

Body

molybdochalchos,

the lead.

on

of

[See the

note

Magnesia on

subjectof

p.

is

82.]

The

Mary, concludes

confusion

the last substance

of

or

that

black

old chemistry

is well known.

The

Turba

(or join to) clean

and

Philosophorum,

the

85

Ethelias, they become

fixed

And

things.

know

ye

that

quicksilveris a fire burning bodies, mortifying and breaking

with mixed

and

pounded

more

the

body

the

the

and

regimen,

one

is

with

while disintegrated,

when

living. For

and

comes be-

ye

shall

gently dili-

quicksilverand pound fiery it

colour, subject

and

fixed

nature*

every

tincture,which

this

it does

reason

And

it colours.!

tinge itself from

know

the

"

which

That

is, according

does

not

flee from

body the

to

colour

to

For

things

being coloured

its

secret a

fire.t

that

unless

it becomes

when

not

a

overcomes,

the

it be coloured, and

unless

can

also

constrains

breaks, and

cook

Ethel,

will possess

required, ye

as

the

body,

attenuated

quicksilveris

up,

it is

more

the

the

no

body

tracted spiritbe exbellythereof,

soul with-

and

second

recension,

"

one

the fire."

"all bodies," which t Alternatively,

seems

a

preferable

reading. X

The

colours once

all

it has

second

recension

because spirits,

been

says

Ethelia

itself tinged."

that

"

it holds

and

tinges all things when

The

86

the

out

Turba

Philosophorum. is

spirit,*which of

tincture, out

which

a

does

but

tinge a

tenuous,

dense

that which

colours

nature

have

colours

manifested, seeing that not

spiritual

a

thing

tenuous

a

into

enters

a

body. When, however, ye have ruled the body of copper, and have extracted then from it a most tenuous (subject), the latter is changed into a tincture by it is coloured. +

which

wise

said, that

man

know

that

"

This

distinction between who

recognised by Zosimus, soul

is the

follows

purifying influence of fire

the

operationhas been conducted

Art. The

spiritis

The

Metallic

Four

t

that

having undergone beautihil than an

preserves

wanting, succeed

fire?"

Virtue

the

burnt

and

in

The

caustic the

nature.

spiritwhen

according to the rules of

and

tingeingelement.

"

gold. unique

"

before

Zosimus Interpretation,

effect that

copper

by

of

means

this treatment

essence,

the

How

does

oil of

not

tinge,

but

it

then,

copper

tingeing objects made

not

tinge so

tinges by been

subject

it

as

its combination

tinged,can to

more

long

if this combination

has

and

natron,

repeatedly,becomes

Copper does

other bodies.

with

spiritis

Bodies, dtc.

to

copper

preserves

useful part, the

In his treatise On

cites Democritus but

the

the

you

Democritus. and

primitivelysulphureous

The

which and

soul

the

not

tinged. And

four bodies

those

the

has does

copper

first it be

unless

tinge

Hence

be one

the action oi

The

Turba

directed

are

that

and

a

the

the

condensed

the

condensed

is

and

the humid

is

for

sulphur,

sulphurs

by sulphurs, and rightly things Nature rejoicesin

these

by

and

Nature,

The

I

which

bodies,

eth

answer

to

appear O

behoves

to

you

envy

allow

it

of

The

second

recension

these

the humid

are

joinedwith

the humid."

two

to

this Then shall

these.

are

Doctrine, that it the

composition

putrefyfor fortydays, and *

!

which

colours

of the

Sons

in

Zenon, of

out

you

no

according

us

the

by

The Turba

do !

beware

that

Know

Know,

conjoined two

opinion, O and

O

you,

Master

to

you

Inform

:

own

matter, :

perceive that

your

ordered

means

strains. con-

Twenty-Sixth Dictum,

of the Wise, have

crowd

your

and

overcomes,

saith:

Zenon

to

vapour,

I have

contained

are

he

but

of

water

the

87

copper,

which

are

you

humid,*

conjoined

this

are

tinctures

unto signified

and

rule

to

the

Philosophorum,

reads:

"The

tinctures, the

then

to

condensed

and

condensed

being

88

The

sublimate

join to these the

fire of

a

the

red,

coin

imposed of

cook, when to

the

wherein

; the

to you

like

ferment

vulgar shall be the Ixir composed the dry, and and

is

humid

is

there

the

extract

a

Ixir.

an

birth

were,

lest

soul extracted

imposed The

preferable reading is :

it

it is

a

things,and its tincture,

of many

coins :l

upon

same

is, as

venom

life,because

out

it

hastily,for

this

and

ye

Ixir, beware

same

For

body

when

But

gold. the

ture. tinc-

invariable

an

also that it is called

composing

*

the

third

the

lingers.!Extract, therefore,the as

On

:

you

citrine, on on

it tingeswith

you

Next

of the

then

;

Know

are

and

black

will appear

colour

then

vessel.

a

the purple dry crocus,* finally,

a

and

dung,

day

black

unto

in

shall appear

colours

second

Philosophorum,

five times

first

out

Turba

"

like

Crocus

unto

sericus."

t The you

second the

extract

substitutes

recension

spiritin haste,

for

:

"

lest

Beware

perchance

it

will

perish." I The remain,

a

second tincture

imposed upon

recension

reads:"

extracted

coins."

out

"And of many

the

soul shall

things, and

The

Turba

Philosophorum.

therefore,is life which

those

to

which

evil,but it is death from

which

desire

between

as

if any

and

there

know

these

saith

Gregorius* be

to

the

he

ing of cooking accord-

The

name

Alchemists

;

is difficultto

its

in the

second

Moreover, The

gleaming

no

venerable

stone

recension

did not

speak

with

a

no

find favour

specialinstance

later author

the

found,

And

is Chambar.

The

in

made

point. it may use

It

be

of it.

it.

Stone among

most

with Western

complete authority,but

comparison of is

coruscates

recension.

vocabulary mentions

marble

it

+

of the Turba

Eflflucidinus is

ordered

have

splendour.

second

in

certainlythat

said almost

envious

the

t Antimony, terms

the

until

in

marble

Turba,

all ye

they

ruled

be

to

\

this

to

natures,

that

Efflucidinus,i and

bizarre

female,

purpose

O

:

observed

called

have

*

same

Twenty-SeventhDictum.

The

like

and

that

the will of God.

to

it

the

gained his

until he

it is

exists

the tediousness

sustain

would

ingly, Accordsaid

male

moves re-

the bodies

being introduced

one,

Art, should

it

have

Masters

them

to

extracted.

it is

the

between

things with

joined, from

it is

89

in

its

other

splendour of

the

to

Greek

Then

posterity.

to

is

and

vinegar,

water.

it

congealed, and with coruscating stone it be

Finally, let remains

copper

becomes

it

until

ruled

the

with

commingled

Willingly;

:

that

know

must

you

he

is

it

therefore, what

Show,

they:

Philosophorum,

Turha

The

90

a

a

brilliancy like marble, which, when rule to see thus, I direct you ye is

red

When

colour"

repeatedlycook

you,

of

Tyrian

a

thus, it

and

it

Then

peat re-

it will become It behoves

colour.

of therefore, O all ye investigators

alchemists,

Democritus.

transport,

Mark

"

preparationbecome

proceeds :

like

And

mystery." "

is like

is divine

marble."

white

marble,

that which

same

unto

unto

this

again, having

Now,

substances, the

Philosopher,seized

the

subject of

the

on

his

where, however, he

Work,

the

especiallyin

and

Zosimus,

in

Exposition of

which

a

it until

gold.

when

process,

it

colour,

hidden

shall become the

imbue

and

into

see

ye

aforesaid

the

assume

gold

turned

earth, it is

becomes

it

disintegratedand

till it is

cooked

when

red, because

until it becomes

then

cited

the

is

with

quoting divine

a

If the

sulphur : is there

a

great

Stephanus, he

tingestinctures water,

Detailed

and

tinged

great mystery,

The

92

Turba

Philosophorum.

tion, for the punic dye,* having his her up,

the and

swiftlyinto

passes

spouse,

braced em-

body, liquefies,congeals, breaks and disintegrates the same. Finally, does not redness delay in coming, if ye effect it without the weight,

death

will

place, whereupon Hence, thought to be bad.

will be

that the fire should

order

but liquefaction, make

earth

for

colours

The

CusTos

and

us

shall

! at

they appear.

:

I

surprised,O

am

the

into the said

body, it

first into earth, and to test

the

the

hand, water,

as

"

The

t That the second

recension

is, "intenser recension.

reads in

most

:

"

and

it has turns

it

powder, take

which

find it

if ye

it is then

second

into

next

perfectionof and

all ye

great force

very

of this water, for when

entered

the

extract

Dictum. Twenty-eighth

saith

nature

to

intense,! and

same

God

I

gentle in

be

it is turned

when

the

it until

imbue

Turba

it

take

in

impalpable excellent;

the male."

congelation,"according

to

The

Turba

Philosophorum.

otherwise,repeat

brought

the

to

know

And

our

If,

with

copper that

been

has

the Turba

our

water,

when in

cook

*

is

a

envy

Greeks

had

than

to

lead

en-

and

rule the

same

till it becomes

sun

Then

and

he:

They

permanent

our

said coinlike the Wise

rejoices

observed, that Nature

by know

to

follow, nor

less wisdom

the

envious.

indifferently.

of

reason

distinction between

little difficultto

envious

take

produced the concerning which

they

The

But

us.

be

Nature,

which

find all

they thus directed you to gentlefire,and affirmed that

stone, also

our

Father, the

:

stone.

there should

have

the

copper

a

shall

ye

to

us

and

dew

meant

in

rule

ye

little obscuritywhen

no

coin-like

a

hand,

and quicksilver,

with

rule with

nothing.

eth

answer

commanded

white

and

promised by

vious'^'created

they

substance

any

water,

our

it is

profityou

other

the

on

use

copper,

it will

water,

our

cooking until

required condition.

if ye

that

than

other

the

93

than In

the

affinity

exist between the Wise

and

the

is it at all certain the

wise, or

either case,

the

they

the Envious that

wise were

the less all

The

94

Philosophorum,

Turba

is

bodies, that

two

and

of these

there is

them

which

not

may

become

Why

do the envious

one.

which

the copper

saith

DiAMEDES

of

being

most

Know,

O man man

This may

made,

gold ?

become

hast

in

spoken

ungrudging

an

this

remove,

in

the the

disposition their

after this

eyes.

doctrine,

proceed except

; that

only which

is like unto

begotten from also with is omitted

over

which

elements

not

so

a

take

to

now

does

reference

be

Turba:

thee ; I will also

seekers

is

; and

Moses

have

precious

ye

themselves

"

the

desire to

a

us

thy words, passing

hardness

from

direct

Thou

:

became

as

confirm

that

the

it has

already, O Moses*,

wise

Saith

Twenty-Ninth Dictum.

The

manner,

so

we

until

roasted

and

for between

swiftlyunite, together so that they

held

be

and

copper

without affinity,

mixed

would

they

is one,

two

a

say,

Therefore, the

water.

permanent

nature

to

brute

mals ani-

flyingcreatures.

from

the second

misprintfor Gustos, or

vice

vena.

recension.

The

I have

Turha

Philosophorum,

these

treated

in

matters

truth, who

by Nature, seeing

save

that

trulynot

with

her

in

*

creation and

generation as

bring forth

is able to

dog procreates

the

man,

dog.

produced contrary

engendered,

the

and

nature, and

charms

to same

nature

by

divine

the

the lion

minera,

without

substances. substantial

nature

hath

generallyfor mystery

been

for the

the

which

monster

a

consistence.

divine

The

nature.

and

power,

succeeded

they

as

Is/s

man

of

to

by

the

over

fact, even

reproductionof

to

recourse

gold,

Horvs.

suitable) (un-

of the

employed previously so

man,

and

their like.

certain

other

matter

sows

having by the

means

I have

is

Nature

preparationswith

having

man

creature

a

assistance, illuminated

increase

revealed.""

that

that

triumphs through

begets wheat, and

said that wheat serves

In

know

begets the lion, and the

no

the

the understanding

to

preliminary,consider

a

nature, it is

triumphing

preparations.

in the

gold

in

Thus

child,

it happen

Should

cerning con-

cometh, and

whole, and

a

of Isis,made

fruit of the prayers metallic

of

way

adepts having participatedin succeeded

is to

of venerable

use

attained,my

things by

of these

is

hast

thou

When

"

proved im-

precepts

of her Art

out

nature,

own

the

her^ but make Nature, for

improved

See, therefore,that

neglect

not

lixity, pro-

thyselfart not thy son, that

in man.*

man

do

ye

is

thou

except say,

omit

yourselves

for Nature

pendious com-

towards

fashion, exaltingyou the

95

like Now

also

things

hath the

The

g6 of

out

other.

no

Know

will obtain

it,ye

therefore, that red

the

also that

of this

seize hold

you rule

Philosophorum.

Turba

less un-

and

Nature

nothing. Join, who

male,

is

son

to

slave,* in marriage with

his

having been done, fragrantwife, which them Art is produced between ; add no these unto foreign matter things, neither powder nor anything else ; that conception is sufficient for us, for it is yet the

near,

is

son

The

later such

alchemy, the

as

defined

swift and

the

Beauvais

the

In

an

as

obvious

treatise ascribed

some

lexicons,the

Red

Philosophersextract be the

their

marriageable son

fugitiverole on

The

t The

begotten."

of

Fabrication

second

dead

Vincent

from

reads:

to

is

de of it to

other

to

which

the

therefore

must

in the

as

and

attributes

which

referred

of the All,

recension

fire ;

flying slave,

of

matter

Mercury,

is

and

According

mentioned

Mercury

water

makes

Rulandus

Hermes.

have

Mercury, which

of

is the

Servant

frozen

Majus

synonym

to

running

thing which

symbolism.

in

treatises,

"They

It is the

Speculum a

Arabian

and

stone.

the

stable ;

it appears

is

soft

of

nature

Ostanes:

it is

fire

burning

and

stone

"c.

made,"

by saying that ;

old

in

Chapters of

Twelve

How

Fugitivus abounds

Servus

also

is found

water

earth ; hard

course

and

this Stone

permanent

the

the

allegory ot

the

is

exceeding precious *

+ still.

nearer

text

above.

in the

Greek

The

ment frag-

alreadycited. "A

true

son

is

The

that

Turba

red

slave, without

Diomedes, this

1 will

unto

He

may

who

you

towards do

fear

what therefore,

us,

Place

Citrine

with

be

bath

the

deprived them

cause

their shall

to

become

again suffer beware

burning Venerate *

the

many

meanings.

:

? And

he

:

after the ;

do

not

motion

and

sense

colour

thereof,

upon unity, where-

certain it the

;

until

in the bath

the

unto

thereof;

sweat

give it rest, evaporate them by

it to die ; then

the

which

answer

fools ; tell

wife

bath

remain

to

gives

fire.

in

too

strong

king

and

his

wife,* and

King

is the

them

water

whole

of

lest ye

According

envious

They

thy will

!

art

lest they excessively,

a

restore

and

?

:

it.

this

you

his

and

body,

vealed re-

God, for

of

are

:

answereth

not

you

is

conjunctioninto kindle

He

flee except from

not

saith

lightupon

brethren

your

the

pubUcly

more

deprive therefore,

Why, We

shed

which

hast

! disposition

even

Woe

thou

97

! Bacsen

endure

regimen cannot 0

Philosophorum.

Rulandus, the

moisture This

to

passage

the

female, but

a

spiritual there

of the

is the fountain-head

symbolism of the alchemical

are

marriage, which H

is

The

98 do

Turha

burn

not

when

Cook

not

these

of

need

have

may

things,which

improve the king and his them, therefore,until they white, afterwards

black, then

become

know

them, since you

you

wife.

Philosophorum,

until a tingeing venom finally after this is produced. seekers O stand, Science, happy are ye, if ye underbut if not, I have stillperformed that if so duty, and that briefly, my

red, and

ignorant,it

remain

ye

the

concealed

hath Blame

not,

from

truth

truth.

reveal

would

Behold,

therein,and

most

ye tainly cer-

the

you

established

I have

have

but

that

unto

extricated

!

you

Wise,

therefore,the

yourselves,for if God knew possessed a faithful mind, he

who

God

is

you from

you

!

error

The

Thirtieth

saith:

Bacsen

well,O Diomedes, concerned:

always with

Sponsus and Spoma

to

a

Greek

but

I do

not

royal personages.

of the Chemical

Alchemy. source.

hast

Thou

Rosy Cross, and the innumerable illustrate Latin

Dictum.

spoken that

see

Compare

Nuptials of

Christian

pictorialemblems

It does

not

appear

to

the

which be

able trace-

The

100

Turba

Philosophorum,

times, because

seven

when

perfectionit tingesthe

at

The

answereth:

Turba the

spoken

Thirty'First saith:

Pythagoras

of

substance And

to

that

colour

Turba

of

example,

and

you,

among

may

the residual The

!

those

in the of

coin,

also

the

deprived hast

of

The

Ixir.

spoken he

And

Ye

:

and

some

discourse

cerning con-

matters.

Thirty-SecondDictum, saith:

According Pythagoras, all things die

BoNELLUS

being applied

bodies

spoken well,

the others

names?

have

Thou

Pythagoras

also

the

name

become

answereth:

well, O have

to

Corsufle

of lead, until it be

name

the

it, therefore, oh

names

for

does

tin, gold, iron, and

copper,

O

!

artificial

its

Name

it all the as,

hast

appear

omitted

by

they:

world,

Thou

Dicttim,

Pythagoras ! And he : its composition, they to

body.

How

"

Bacsen

has

he

since

whole

truth, O Bacsen

The

discourse

"

it arrives

to

and

thee, live

The

by

Turha

the will of

from

which

that

nature

does

indeed

Philosophorum,

God, because the

These

God

will restore

and

the

removed,

by nights,

something turned

it both

improved,

the

after even

corruption as

a

man

stronger after resurrection

younger

than

of

Doctrine,

become have

mixed

reads

humidity

has

nights,is

:

like to

dust

O

to

one

that when

dead ; and

then

unto

that

until it shall know

that ye

one

that

body

dead

from

nature

it has that

that

is imbued

unintelligible.The

removed,

spiritof

like

Sons

ye

consume

and spirit,

Therefore

"

and

world.

well, for excellently

is corrupt and

been

in fire until the

becomes

it

text

recension

you,

boldly

receives the

The

this

cinder, when

a

cinder "

fire

with

in

was

it behoves

the

matter

he

soul

will

becomes

Therefore

a

the weakness

that matter

away,

strong, and

be

man

it becomes

spiritthereof, and

made

a

things being done, unto

being taken

and

nights,as

tomb, when

powder.*

will

left

is then

for certain

is left in his

is

like unto

; it

(again)left

be

is

seem

that is dead

that nature

humidity

which

loi

returns

in his tomb."

which

been

nature ;

second

is

and

the

left for

wanting then

it

The

102

with

the

fairer

Turba

Philosoplwrum,

humour

colour

until it

than

it

previouslypossessed. ye Sons

Consider, therefore, O of the Doctrine, that artists to

paint with

their

a

assumes

unable

are

tinctures

own

until

into them a they convert powder; the philosopherscannot bine comsimilarly,

medicines

they also

The

them

of them

some

others

turn

for the

case

is the

the

compose

into to

they grind

ing powder, cook-

cinder, while

a

with

images

hands.

their with

same

if ye understand

But

sick slaves until

those who ancients.

of the what

has

been

already I speak

that said, ye will know the truth, and I have ordered hence you

to

into

a

burn

up

the

cinder, for

body

if ye

and

turn

rule it

it

subtly

thingswill proceed from it, even much as proceeds from the smallest It is thus because thingsin the world. has like man, a body and a copper of men cometh soul, for the inspiration many

from

the

air,which

after God

the copper life,and similarly

by

the humour

from

which

is their is inspired that

same

The

Turba

Philosophorum,

103

receivingstrength is multiplied and like other augmented things. the Hence, philosophers add, that

copper

when

iterated better

several than

answereth: to

is consumed

copper

it

generations after better

I will

he:

of

things out

nothing

healing

than

the

coloured

then

is

the

first more

is it thickened

stone,

become broken

roast

must

it

larly, Simi-

as

the envious

it,but it is really an

to

afterwards ye

when

own

which

effected.

more a

hath

its

qualitiesby

water;

until it becomes

many-

He

wants

be

cooked, the

tending

extracts

which

copper,

termed

it in

former, and

!

was

so

those

cooked, becomes

have

ner man-

it

thing,since

must

our

what

than

God

one

regimen, and

it is

do

because

and

its

Turba

willingly;it is plied, multiaugmented and

it is

because

becomes

The

was.

it becometh

created

it

times,

Show, therefore,O Bonellus,

future

And

with fire and

a

and a

egg is

metal.

It

imbued,

when

fire until

shall become

more

it

intense shall like

be

blood

^^^^ Turba

104

in

combustion,

coins

and

not

from

them

the Divine

blood

the

it is

placed into

is not

diligently acquired

in the liver till it has

intense

red

colour, after which

takes

change It is the

Do

produced

it be

unless

on

gold,

pleasure.

that sperm

see

cooked an

when

changes

according to you

PhilosopJiorum.

place with

same

in that

no

?*

sperm

work, for unless

our

cooked

it be

until it shall diligently become a powder, and afterwards be until it shall become a spiritual putrefied there will in no wise proceed sperm,

from

it that

But

if ye

this

regimen,and

arrive

people of

this

"

above

ol

the

found

the

also

of

progress is

is, in fact,

common

in

the

Greek

made Turba

The

which

embryo,

reference, and

adepts, is

the

have

ye

public.

comparison of

development

pose, pur-

princes among

Now

"

arcanum

The

your

of

Thirty-ThirdDictum,

saith:

NiCARUS

conclusion

obtain

so

desire.

ye

time.

your

The

the

at

be

shall

ye

which

colour

the work

to

the

suggested by

the

to

all

writers, and

Latin

among

The

answereth And

Not

I

:

the

into

water

fore, thou, therecounsel

gold which

multiplyand renovate,

to

two

burn

to

For

But

then

our

up

they:

they divide

It behoves

:

with

copper

the said copper,

wish

divide

to

And

parts.

he

terity pos-

they

therefore,when Distinguish, the water.

order.

clear away

to

; do

he

And

take the

to

Master

us

therefrom

us.

105

whole, nevertheless.

ordered

the darkness tell

did the

the

He

they:

Philosophorum.

Thus

:

he:

But

Turba

them

part.

one

dissolved

in that

Gold,* if

water, is called the ferment

of

these, in Comarius,

of fire nourishes

the material

as

who

the

says that the

test

is nourished

embryo

the mother's

in

womb. "

M. Berthelot to the

of metals

designed imitation

for

the also

are

gold or silver with less

some

diplosis" are

rate was

traces

that

"

this

It is found

the

a

the make

more

in

The

places by

profound

more

a

alliance

the

example,

;

this water, the

for

with,

met

considerable the

was

Leyden

others

operation

an

the

after the

fermentations

Greek

true

at

any

metal

operation comparable

fermentation

of metals

writers:

manner

destined

of to

*'

of

but there

papyrus,

believe, " that the

of

quantity ot

Egyptian goldsmith believed,or

really multiplied by

many

of

accomplishment

precious metal

to

of the fermentation

called diplosis. Recipes sophistication

less

fermentation." in

originalnotion

or

that

sought

the

traces

to

is mentioned

It is necessary

leaven,

should

produce

the

mine deter-

like,by

The

io6

ye rule

Turba

well.

Philosophorum. the

For

cooked

in

same

like

and

liquefy as water ; finally,by cooking they are the red congealed, crumble, and manner

are

But

appears.

imbue

then times

seven

and, all the

to

you

the

with

residual

all the

they absorb

until

water,

it behoves

water,

moisture

being dried up, they are turned into dry earth ; then kindle a fire and place therein for forty days until the whole shall putrefy,and its colours

appear.

The

Bacsen

saith

dicta

the

Take

the

the

to

urine

of the

small

a

also will

of copper,

of

same

This

For

is

matters

"

a

to

It

have

great

gold

repeated

thy

be

nature

tinged. of

As

ferment

a

dough, used of paste,

mass

in terms

pound

all the

so

dry

essential and

alchemists. bizarre

this somewhat

which

of

Latin

:

body

that the leaven

manner

notion

and

until the

calf

little morsel

this

substitutes some

a

the metallic

like,in

literal by innumerable *

of

account

quantity, ferments

matter."

Dictum,

Philosophers said beware,* regal Corsufle,which is like

tact, after the in

On

:

redness

in the

means

Thirty-Fourth

seems

been

reading needful

to

the

second

lay stress

already mentioned."

cension re-

upon

The

io8

Turba

the Turba O

saith

Bacsen.

whiten

the

spoken,

O

also has

spoken

have

them

to

white

water,

by

red.

Be

they make

hast

Well

Bacsen,

and

well !

spoken well,

careful

foreignmatter.

any

Turba:

speech,

your

I direct

:

with

introduce

to

And

he

And

also

not

Finish

:

copper

which

Philosophorum.

thou

Nictimerus

do

If I

he:

Then

of

one

you

continue. The

But

*

ZiMON

:

Bacsen

saith

be said

to

Turba

Dictum. Thirty-Fifth

what

thou

have

said.

the mineral *

In

Art,

and

those who

to

tell us,

therefore,

the

priestswho

secrets

did not

second

into

the

what

acquainted

were

dare to disclose them

recension

the

but

error

envious,t because

the

we

after this Art !

led you

has

reason

the

the

And

?

of Nicarus

seekers

all ye

for this

another

knowest, according as Ye he: And speak

Nothing else the sayingsof and

by

left anything

thou

of little good

are

truth,O

Hast

the words

Since

after this

seek

:

name

is

with

publicly. rendered

Zeunon.

t The *"

The

words

second of the

recension

has

an

important variation

Egyptians have led

us

into error."

:

The

Turba

seek is sold

ye

price.* great

If

the smallest

at

knew

men

the

was

Philosophorum,

possible

this, and held

thing they

sell it.

fied glori-

+

have

treated

variously,and in taken and applied

many

ways,

venom,

it all

to

wherefore, certain

names,

have stone,

said

but

a

This

effect in the end

is not

be

to

delivered

has

obtained

the

by

Byzantine Assembly of an

as, tor "

the

But

this

Philosophersis

same

that

the

God

Lord

the

ot

the

from

the

reason

passage

ye

the

example, for

as

But

to

statements

money,

beggars and the despairing."

tinge body,

the

gratuitously,by

same

this

ye may

body.t

alchemists,

cealed con-

For

in

a

sequently, con-

sight,even

recalls many

Greek

not

Ascotia,

from

away

passage

sons per-

and

thereof.

the soul in the human

*

of

Philosophers have

power

hidden

have

envious

spiritwhich ye seek, that therewith, is concealed and

of it

manner

stone

a

of

gum

the the

It is

:

how

in their

in no wise hands, they would Therefore, the Philosophershave

that

109

in part at least

interpolation. t

The

recension

second

reads

:

"

that

useful

and

abjectthing." \ Otherwise: which

"

Therein

is the

gives health tinges,vivifies,

spiritwhich and

you

life to bodies."

seek,

The

no

seekers

Turba

Philosophorum,

after the

Art, unless

tegrate disin-

ye

this

body, imbue and pound until cautiouslyand diligently,

both

it from

extract

ye

grease),and

its grossness

it into

turn

Wherefore

vain. said

the

and

tenuous

a

have impalpable spirit,

(or

labour

your

Philosophershave

Except ye turn bodies into bodies, and incorporeal things bodies, ye have not yet discovered :

rule

of

saith:

turned

are

he

and

They

:

powder.*

the

they

know

with

fire

become

that

a

this does

place except by an strong decoction, and

ceedingly extinuous con-

contrition, performed with moderate with fire,t not hands,!

a

*

The

second

pounded until t The burn

must

should

counsel

\ Some a

work

of

in smoke not

Latin

reads

dust,"

:

but

and

and

of the bands, which

When

Ethelia

is

evidentlycorrupt.

is similar

:

"

fire

The

gentleness,lest the vapour

be lost," And,

practisedby alchemists

""

it is

Olympiodorus

moderation

with

escape

recension

it becomes

that this Art is

is

into

not-bodies.

pounded

till

And

take

into

are

Ethelia

not

not-

operation. But the Turba Tell, therefore, posterityhow

bodies And

in

of

means

say

that

others

a

the

again :

"Know

fierce fire.''

Magnum

deny, and

a

Opus

very pretty

The

with

Turba

imbibition

The

envious

small

the

natures, had

was

same

and

therefore the

and

is sold at

doubt

Turba

thing that all

those

their books. the

they spoke

the

At

truth,

these

not

answereth

believest

thou

the

precious than to

time

that

they deceived

recourse

in

err

further said

more

wherefore

Ethelia.

to

vulgar to

they stated

the

But

the

price. They

nature

who

and

sun

in its nature

common

iii

with putrefaction,

caused

this Art when

a

and

the

to

exposure

is

Philosophorum.

things.

Seeing that

:

of

sayings

the

envious, explain,therefore,to posterity

dispositionof the I testify to he :

the And

two

natures.

that

you

Art

requirestwo natures, for the precious the common, is not produced without risen

diversityof opinion has consequence.

partisansof

The

object of

manual

operation The

thou,

in

Turba

here signified, as

do some,

sufficient ; there

the

was

places,is against the have

among

the

first view,

the Art, affirm

metallic

the

use

passage

the of

is also On

denying the

mystery animal

above,

and

the hands, whatever

following Olympiodorus:

that manual

superiorto man's.""

that

mystery

of

interpretersin

up

ism. magnetin

"

requiredthat of Nature, Art.

other

that may

Think

action is of itself and

the Sacred

of the

an

not

alone action

The

112

the

nor

Turba

Philosophorum, without

common

It behoves

the

precious.

therefore, O

you,

all ye

of this Art, to follow the investigators sayings of Victimerus,* when he said his disciples:Nothing else helps to

And

vapour.

work

sublimate

to

save

you

the

Turba

is in the vapour

of

water.

to

them

that

by

water

The

:

and

whole

the sublimation

Demonstrate, the

And

vapour.

and

water

he

the

dispositionof When

:

natures

of

reason

fore, therethe

ye

shall perceive

have

become

the

heat

of

the

that

fire,and

they have been purified, and that the whole body of Magnesia then is liquefied all things as water; been and rightly, made have vapour, for then

the

vapour

equal,wherefore in

the envioust both

because

vapour,

contains

decoctions, and

escape,

althoughflightbe

""

Of the

t The

stag finds

elders,"says the second

second

recension

phers," a variation which,

is

no

the

path

essential

to to

recension,

substitutes

in its way,

joined

contains

one

Thus

"

own

call either

are

other.

our

its

'"

The

Philoso"

significant.

The

it.

The

finds are

made

back

to

escape

hidden

in

congealed with it,and it

and

other, so

God

has

all

the

one

it is

body,

its colour

varies,

from

the properties

its nature

extracts

which

the

it

hence

;

for when

permanent,

falls,being

the

113

opportunity to fly,and

no

place

no

Philosophorum,

keeps

one

it has

that

Turba

infused

into His

elect,and it alienates it,lest it flee. But the blackness falls into

redness

and

sickness,and

and it

appear,

dies

by

and

rust

putrefaction; properly speaking,then, it has

not

desirous

to

servitude

escape

it is free

it follows

favourable

colour

its spouse

; its

when

but makes

; then

its spouse,

is not

placed For

gold.

that

spiritand

have

also

the

called

soul

with

coins, it

this

there

dryness, envious

thus

have

both

are our

vapour.

it the

wanting perlution; and man

a

it was,

as

therefore,the Philosophers have the

when

befall itself and

may

beauty

it is

them

it is

flight,although

a

black

reason,

called

They humid

forasmuch

humidity work, which

as

in

and the

concealed, is nothing else

^^^

114

but

of

out

called it these

he

And

two

composed and

vapour.

The

four, wherein

Turba

answereth

Let

envy.

Zimon

The

notifyto

of this

without

unless

Art, that

the

at

until the whole

contrition

become

yet found

the

ye,

that

copper

the

sand, but

regimen. and

nature a

The

by

Know

by of

hands, have

others

know

And

formerly

was

stone, and, in

vary

every the

further, that

humidity

in the second

the

sublime

water, ye

work.

names

stone, if ye name

ye

commencement

not

indeed, the

follow.

next

Philosopher,saith: all,O ye investigators

cooking, without

called

Thou

the you

substances

are

Dictum, Thirty-Sixth

Afflontus,*

*

:

and spoken excellently,

hast

then

of two, because

humidity, spirit and

dryness

I

have

envious

out

become

two

work

the

that

the

;

and

vapour

I say

:

Turba

The

water.

Demonstrate

:

!

water

is

and

vapour

answereth

Philosophorum.

Turba

become

cause

recension

them

water, to

is Assotes.

be

Ii6

The

saith

Cook

:

impose the

until

the

water

know

that when

intention

shall

the said water

is

to

unless

be

the work. for the

ye

body of

mentary

*

into water."

second

become with

the

water

the

;

other water.

one

mentioned

thing

shall

to

be

attain

not

to

possessed by

so

fire that

the

becomes

of Agathodaimon

The

that the

note

become

when

in the Greek

extant

is the

is, therefore, necessary

and

the water,

?

may

the

It

flame

the

ask, how

stated, therefore, that

turn

into' water,*

ground

before it falls into the

they

ye

become

been

is mixed

and

water,

And

Philosophersis that

water

not

times

seven

has

it

powder

a

then

descend.

if ye

of the

is

water

or

the water

before which

body

It

six

has

made

vessel ;

own

same

then

it become

impalpable body,

its

diligently.But water

until

copper

and

in

sublimate

powder

Philosophorum,

the

gentle

a

and

Turba

the

upon

it is weak

water

the

Oracle

has

integrated diswith

been

of Orphetu is

collection. recension

reads

:

"

unless

ye

turn

both

The

added

Turba

water, think Had

would

know

which

cannot

made

this is water

they read become

But

the

which

have

of

frequently,so that the Sun might be he

introduced

this

Art,

that

pure

body,

that

the

ye

thing

enters

all dismiss names,

if anyone

take

by

seekers

ye the

for

the

err,

he

foreign

does

after

draws

this

of is

thing any-

fore, There-

pure.

nature

this

ses

no

nor

multitude

after

means

no

it be

the

without

copper

therein, unless

enter

of

seekers ye

is,our

of

which

solution

desire, because

what

washed

removed,

unless

will

spirit,ye

Names

blackness

the

the

in

Water

Venom,

be

to

is

which

Many

know, all ye

And

body.

it

called

ordered

Hermes

out with-

wherewith

Igneous, Good

Sand

that

they water,

this is the water

Philosophers

and

books

our

permanent

companion,

Gold,

of the

that it is permanent

one.

the of

that

comes be-

fools, hearing of

But

water.

its

117

the water, until the whole

to

clouds*

Philosophorum.

one

nigh

Art,

obscure water

to

;

de-

The

Ii8

Philosophorum.

Turha

loses his life.

struction,and

nature, but dismiss

keep this one is foreign.

saith

BoNELLUS

:

I will

speak he

:

gentle fire

cook

with

and

all become

a

it becomes

about

that

see

become

to

mixing

and carefully, until it liquefy, For

therein !

actingthereupon, by

water

ye

all ye

O

vessel, the

its

water

of the water

the heat

When

it in close

which

of

Turba

Doctrine, when

the

Magnesia, place mouth

:

little

a

The

concerning Magnesia. And answereth Speak. of

what

Thirty-SeventhDictum,

The

Sons

Therefore,

the will of God.

the

said

black, ye

is

water

know

that

body is already liquefied.Place again in its vessel,and cook for forty days, until it drink up the moisture of the vinegarand honey.* But certain the

*

in the

There

is

of

Discourse

is the difference from the there "

The

exceedingly curious reference

an

Synesius. The

between

cinnabar, and

that

is obtained

still a

ray of

variety of sorts, and

honey is white,"

and

from

all mercury he "

what

is obtained

which

Philosopher explains that while are

honey

question being

the mercury which

to

quotes

arsenic, is one,

Hermes:

the ray of

honey

"

is

The

persons

Turba

Philosophorum. it,say,

uncover

week,

or

in

once

in either

the

case,

of pure

water

absorbs

the

for humour

Therefore, wash of

the

it

and

the

said

touch.

:

Hence

Wash

the

and

cook

deprive

blackness

becomes

stone

of

decoction.

its blackness, until, the the

end

completely

of the

the same,

being removed, to

perfection

at

then

each

nights;

ten

ultimate

appears

forty days,

in

once

every

119

dry have

the envious

soft

with

Magnesia

until it diligently, become earth, and the humour perish. Then it is called copper. Subsequently, sharp vinegar upon it,and pour very

water,

it to

leave

is

this

be

our

soaked

have washed

with

they M.

yellow." obvious, which

As

Berthelot

which

mercury,

but

was

in

the

it does

not

:

*

the

Let that

explains

venom

is of

follow that this is the

invariablyattached term

to

it

was

signifies

honey

special connection

fact, in later days the

a

fore water, where-

permanent said

be

should

ordained

have

sophers Philo-

the

which

copper,

But

therein.

course

significance

by the philosophers. used

to

signifythe

dissolvent. philosophical *

The

The

Greek

followingexplanationis given by los, and Virus, the Latin

M.

Berthelot,

equivalent,are words

The

120

be

divided

of which the

into

burn

other

seekers

Philosophorum,

Turba

parts, with

two

the

up

with

and

know, all ye

And

putrefy.

after

body,

one

the

Science, that

this

regimen does not take place except by water, wherefore, they say that the thing which ye seek is one, and, unless that which improves it be present in the said thing,what ye look for shall in no wise take place. whole

work

and

Therefore, it behoves

those

to add

you

thingswhich are needful, that ye may therebyobtain that which you purpose. has spoken The Turba answereth : Thou ! If it please O Bonellus excellently, which

thee, therefore,finish that

saying ;

art

time.

But

these

and

which The

:

like

I indeed

Shall

things?

the

if the

bodies, such

sandarac

magnetic

Hence

of

virtue

term

;

the medical

communicated

the signified

operation,then

healing or hurting. oxyde of metals.

power

action to

and

this in all its

los also

propertiesor of

copper,

of calx of

iron

in-

the ancients.

odour

the

as

repeat

all ye

O

certain

Virus, according to Pliny,meant

ivory,and

or

he

repeat it a second

hadexceedingly diverse meaning among

specificvirtues

the

otherwise

thou

gold

by the magnet."

not

the

operation,

phases,whether

in signified

a

;

specialway

of

the

The

Turha

Philosophorum.

vestigators of copper

;

place

in the

water

this with

Then

cook

until

with

is

used

vessel, so

long

to

purpose.

with

have

with "

in The

that

The

whole

mystery

Diversityof

Burnt

a

the

nature

of

a

black lead, that which

know,

Copper,

that which

all these

are

the

that

had

been

white, sufficiently be ruled

Again, and

Zosimus,

alchemists

also with So

when

though the remark

Olympiodorus

excellence,that which

:

cinders of

have

Mary."

"

of In

is called

Egyptian prophets desired

the oracles of the demons

the scoriae and

same

But

is in the scoriae," says

general axiom.

fact, the negative body par

the

it should

it was particularapplication,

has

it

water.

permanent

envious

sufficiently

nitre.

called

its

it is turned

Rule

when

they

ordained

and

and

remained

whitened

the

lohich is :

water

desirable

seem

But

said

vinegar

which

the

composition when

black,and

times,

putrefy in

may

that

except

seven

when

it to

as

blackness

into

and

leave

ther fur-

moisture.

no

done, cleanse

up

called this

; cook

nothing remains

water,

your

fortydays;

accomplished, and

having

stone

faeces.* This wash

for

all uncleanliness

a

our

the first part of the

until its days be it become

take

Art,

vessel; cook

purifyfrom

131

to

revealed,

The

122

Turba

the

they called they ordained with

it should

that

The

red.

red, sufficiently

same

fire until

and

water

Philosophorum,

Turba

be

ruled

it became

answereth

Show

:

posteritywhat they intended by these things. And he They called of the variation it Ixir satisy by reason forth

unto

:

of its colours. is neither

there

the

In

work, however,

variety,multiplicity,

opposition of only to necessary

substances

white

red.

nor

copper

and

make

then

;

is

it

black

the

However,

Philosophershad no truth-speaking other intention than that of liquefying, pounding, and cooking Ixir until the the

its

in

said

again

coruscatingby But

when

the

most

ye

see

great

seven

times

it

same

becomes

stone

brilliancy.

thus, it is,indeed,

Arcanum.

standing, Notwith-

then

and

with

again pound finally, own

the

Cook

of its

reason

ye must

it

:

the

until

vapour

marble

unto

Accordingly,the

splendour.

envious with

like

become

should

stone

pound

permanent and

water, until ye extract

wash water

congeal in its own

;

its

con-

^^^^ Turba

124

need

not

contrition of hands.

any

making a separation lest the poisons get at body perish with the

the waters

you,

and

other

thingswhich

the

The

Effistus

bear

that

Thou

Tell

:

he

wished

combine

with water,

over

a

gentle

t Otherwise, vessel shall

"

the

humour set

quicklyperish."

chief of the

stone

which in

fire until

body and

so

Effistus

the

mix

the

he tells us,

Take,

any

demonstrated

and

to

be

investigators

ye

Hermes,

spoke Philosophers,

The

disposition

bold and certain. all

I

!

of Bonellus,

speech

of this Art, how

spoken

words

if there

us

Consider,

when

thy

initiated in this

more

saith:

hast

Bonellus, and

all

to

in the

those be

may

saith :

saith

service

vessel. f

Dictum, Thirty-Eighth

witness

Turba

in the

are

excellently,O

most

ware, Be-

of

however, from

Philosophorum.

its

natures.

of is

gold^ manent per-

vessel,

liquefaction

soul which

are

in the

The

takes the

Turba

dries,

water

leave

and

combined,

are

then

is made

that

perish,and The

is the do

two-thirds colours

Turba

than

is

done,

beginning this

many

the

water

of

manifest

answereth

unto

you.

Thou

:

hast

O Effistus ! spoken excellently, And brieflyinform us further. I testify to posterity that dealbation

doth

decoction.*

by

daimon

has

cooking, of *

The

alchemical de

Villa

In

the

second,

first white

accompanied t The cause

there

equivalent of

of

the

specialfurnaces

and

in each

second must

is

the

In

grades

grade, ;

place

be

the in case

Decoction

which

cooking

three the

the save

Consequently, Aga-

experiments.

togetherwith

he:

properly treated of pounding, and of imbuing,f

that

Nova

Yet,

very

Greek

with

process

take

not

;

dry, and

this

but

;

times, until

intense

When

arcanum

and

another

becomes

here

until

sand

with

more

again

earth.

understand the

it

125

it

the

one

let the fire be

before,until

of

Then

place.

water

Philosophorum,

matter

the

so

New

often

operation and

becomes

Arnoldus

described,

are

black

citation

from

recension

of

in all

appliancesrequired.

The

a

ordained

Light

third,red.

by

identifies the

substitutes:

;

in

the

descriptionis the

Turba.

"for

which

frequentpounding and imbu'ng."

126

The

ethelia. the

on

Turba

Yet

Philosophorum.

I direct

of the water

whole

to

not

you

at

one

pour

time,

lest the Ixir be

in

submerged, but pour it gradually,pound and dessicate,and

do

this

be

exhausted.

the

several

envious

sink

intention

their

Now

concerning this said

it has

it will

and

until the

have

when

water

times

all been

the

to

is

Leave

:

water

the

poured in^

bottom.

But

this, that while the

is

humour

it has drying, and when been turned into powder, leave it in its glass vessel for forty days, until it colours, which passes through various the Philosophershave described. By this method of cooking the bodies put their spirits and spiritual on tinctures, and

become

swereth O

:

warm.*

Thou

Effistus,and

Truly he

*

hast

thou

art

wherefore, let as

hast

one

The

Turba

an-

given lightto us, ! done excellently

cleared of you

from

envy;

others

speak

pleases.

The

and spirits,

second the

recension

made are spirits

reads

:

"

bodies

become

hot, and they tinge."

The

Turba

The

Bacsen

Philosophorum,

Dictum, Thirty-Ninth

saith ;* O

this Art, ye without

127

all ye seekers

reach

can

useful

no

after result

patient, laborious,f

a

and

solicitous

soul, persevering courage, continuous fore, regimen. He, there-

and

who

this

is

willing to

and disposition,

result, may desires

must

not

for

would

enter

who

have

twice,

once,

the

Master

his

back

books, "

in

saith:

The

speaker

in

bends

the

of

study

his

devoting

sense,

Therefore,

Whosoever

the

over

he

before

higher

thrice.

or

the

books,

our

labour

their

in

speedily,

to

recourse

read

are

it, but

over

they impose great

they

enjoy

upon learn

to

persevere

leisure

second

our

thereto,

recension

is called

Admion.

t The

like exhortation

literature of the in

our

adepts.

is

with

met

Patience

"

"

"

It is

impossiblefor

unless he learns it from master. are

Know

patience and

Ibid,

and

delay are

magistery. Haste, indeed, is ot

part in this magistery." Rosary of

again,

everywhere

also that the

from

or

way

delay needful

in

pensable indis-

the devil's

Philosophers. And

the

this to be known

God,

in the

the

is very this

our

by

the seeker

instruction ot

a

long ; therefore

magistery." "

128

The

is not

occupied

but fears

Turba

For

with

and

God,

Kingdom

Philosophorum,

fail until

seek

ye

is not

Woe

unto

and

compensating

Know

who

you

in the

purpose

of small

price.

the very

great

of

treasure

for

the

God!

smallest

excellent

will

death, and

to

therefore,ought they most

die.*

he

world, earthlymen

themselves

give

seek

that

not

ye

thoughts, reign in the

shall

without

what

vain

and

for

do

to

almost

what, this

impossible

? Now, the regimen is greater offering is perceived by reason, than except through divine inspiration. I once with

met *

The

essential

the

to

The

"

:

God

and

for God .

.

.

Abide

thine

will

come

Rest

to

Being, and When the

the

thou

only God

Divine

shalt

Being

nature,

call will

; and

but

one

God

of another

thee to

come

;

everywhere.

thy passions;

unto

as

Zosimus

and

is present

thyself,then

existingin thee

operation

acknowledging

hush

planation ex-

ment. earlyexperi-

no

concurrence,

thy body, and

shalt know

attain truth and

to

who

The

as

operationsof

wonder

regarded

He

regarded

the

deviate in search

thee,

governing thyself,thou

been

fact that

fireside

own

well

as

alchemist.

true

and

awe

divine

Art ; do not

one

.

at

the

alchemists the

was

always

in the

sought

Greek

possible without says

of

success

region of

a

were

has

God

of

be

to

who

person

fear

is nature

a

the

thee.

so,

Divine .

.

.

thou

know

also

acting thus

thou

shalt

shalt

rejectingmatter

with

contempt."

The

Turha

acquainted I

with

myself, but

rule this

the and

Philosophorum, the

when

he

he disposition,

129

elements

as

proceeded

to

attained

not

to

of his sadness joy thereof by reason and excessive ignorancein ruling,

desire, and

eagerness,

the purpose.

of the Doctrine does

trees

due does

desire have

look

time. to

attain

read

but

also

that

discerned

this

offeringwhen

ye

a

Woe

dictum he

said

"

truth

is

after

this

Art, almost

he has

yet finds unto

of

divided

you

the

the

and

error,

heart

at

each

while

the whole

nothing !

be

to

not

greater pain

in

world, and

how

at

except

ye

the

imagines that

the

reap,

seeds

sows

then, should

except

error

hands.

in

How,

nothing creates than

plants

fruit,save

who

to

sons

you,

who

one

for

ing concern-

singlebook, or have only the first regimen ? plainly Philosophers have

the

stated

unto

For

expect

adventured But

!

he

;

not

harvest

Woe

not

season

haste

in

his

Understand

Philosopher, and work

he

when

pound, cook, reiterate,and K

be

The

130

thou

not

Turba

Philosophorum,

work, he

the

when

But

weary.

vided he di-

thus

signifiedcommingling,

cooking, assimilating,roasting,

heating,whitening,pounding, cooking EtheHa, making rust or redness, and tingeing. Here, therefore, are there and

names,

many

regimen.

And

decoction

and

if

that

and

in order

be

pounded

thereof.

speak

to

in this

cook

many

grow

tired

of

have

by and clad For

not

would often

so

not

to

darkened

be weary

the

matter

their words, it suffices

then

cook

one

they have done, the mixed body may cooked diligently,

the

rightly,

venom

times, the

and

do

decoction.

that

it should

not

Imbue

it until it shall become

ordained

me

It is needful

manner.

complexionate

and

that

as

you

Having

with

to you to

and

admonished

one

contrition

one

repeat their words,

have

knew

men

them, they would

suffice

is

there

yet

as

I

be ruled

namely, impalpable spirits, until ye perceive that the Ixir is

you

"

in the garment when

ye behold

of the

the

Kingdom.

Ixir turned

into

132

The

And

he answereth

thou

hast

Turba

Philosophorum. The

:

before

work

true

that

with

it may

the be

made.

Afterwards,

and

until

the

that

our

be

must

of

cooked

wearying

it is

which

body

without

copper,

vulgar ;

(or body)

combined

is not

spoken

is it the tin of the

nor

of which

copper

Magnesia, pounded is

stone must

stone

be

pounded in its vessel with the water of nitre, and, subsequently, placed in until it is destroyed. But, liquefaction all ye

of investigators have

necessary

to

the

you

more

shall put of

work.

our

a

The

water

more

said

copper

is the

tion founda-

and Cook, therefore,

:

recension

becomes

thou

Whatsoever

Jargos,

second

which

the

Forty-FirstDictum.

saith

uttered, O "

which

Egyptian vinegar.

The

Z1MON+

the

rust, which

on

with

pound

much

so

sprinkle,*until

you

art, it is

by

water

a

cook,

this

is true,

reads

:

"

yet I do

It is necessary

to

inspissatedin proportion as

cooked."

fin the second

hast

recension

the

name

is Cadmon.

use

it is

The

not

that

see

spoken Then

Turba

the

whole

opinion ZiMON

rotundum.*

concerning it,

saith-' the

I

notify

rotundum

elements,

thine

is

Zimon

O

!

posterity

to

into

turns

and

hath

therefore,

Speak,

:

133

Turba

the

concerning he

that

Philosophorum,

derived

four of

out

+ thing.

one

The

Turba

thou

art

And

he

answereth

Inasmuch

:

as

speaking, explain for future of generations the method ruhng.

to

take

part of

one

Permanent

Water

let them

said

Take

:

be

The

term

of the

understood

speaks of elements

**

cooked

until

and

become

one

;

envious

part of the pure

parts

of

used in this curious The

Stone.

Scala

rotund in

of

copper

with

commingle

perfecttyriac and

our

the

which

being concordantly exalted

manner

is to

Philosophorum stone," the four

the

qualityof the

stone.

temperate

t There

signifyto

and

then rotundum

then

parts

one

three

of

but

copper,

three

thickened

body, but Magnesia ; *

our

mixed

concerning

stone, have

be

be

they

it is necessary

Willingly:

:

is

future

copper

a

variation

in the

generationsthat

into four is from

one

second

the rotundum

thing."

recension which

:

"

verts con-

I

^^^

134

it, and

what

is in

until

it becomes

saith

AscANius

Too

:

into

is all

ye

not

man

is formed

thus, also,

must

answereth of turn

the unto

how

Do

of

a

body

;

conjoin these,

ye

first the

ascended The

obscure

each from Turba

wast

treating

lo ! thou

didst

second thou

with

love

thou

work,

they conjoined

and

water!

When

hast and

soul and

a

there

golden :

they

Philosophers, when

other, behold a

that

complexion

prepared the matters mutually in spouses them

she

that

composite.

the of

when

Philosophers

Know

one

out

the

because

! But

only, and

things:

that

O talking,

error

of the

one

thingand see

much

Doctrine, leads this

in the books

that Nature

one

continuously

earth.

subject further

are

male

vessel, observe

cook

of the

Sons

overcomes

with

Forty-SecondDictum,

The

ye read

mixed

the

close

earth ;

all ye

Philosophorum,

vinegar,

rectified of

Turba

!

made are

How

biguous am-

thy book, thy

words

!

The

Then

he

Turba

I

:

of

Turba

Philosophorum.

will

perform

the

first

answereth

Stir

this.

until they quicksilver, and

conceives

conceives

the

congealed

into

body of powder.

the

the

female,

the

copper,

the

female

changes *

The of

matter

Matter

Latin all

of the

mercury

of

vapour.

The

the

metallic

:

the

they

are

The

body

from

mercury

and

The

the

into such

of the

this is But

of

it

to

from

the

phers the Philosois not

and the

humid, and

unctuous

nothing,and

this unctuous men.

the

humid

that

It is needful an

first

the First

was

bodies

accomplished by

philosophersand wise

means

unctuous

unctuous.

destroyed,brought

red water."

an

is made

stone

and

who

as

vapour

Rosary of

matter

is

to

the

he

spiritby special way

a

first

be converted

in the conversion, and

white

in

vulgar, but

mineral

bodies should and

"

for

regarded

alchemists

Philosophers.

observes

male

and

male

the

into

things,and

destroy

;

vapour*

are

Ethel,

them

fore, there-

stir up,

conjoin the

become

is

copper

until it becomes

copper

quicksilver,until

the

quicksilver

them

which

and

when

when

But

:

quicksilver it

earth ;

the

he

destruction

to

go

fight between

a

The

copper

the

coagulatesit,but

position dis-

And

corrupted, because

are

copper

a

the

work.

between

war

up

Do

:

135

means

vapour

vapour,

mortified of was

our

the

The

136

Turba

of Ethel, and

diligentcooking extract

makes

next

a

red,

when

by body,

the

pound

ye

and spiritual,

pure,

which

therefrom,

soul

them

body, because,

tinges every ye

Philosophorum.

lime sub-

tinges

The Turba answer body. Inform, therefore, posterity what

every

he : It is body. And sulphureous thing* which of all bodies. by the names that

The

Dardaris

a

eth

:

is

natural called

is

Forty-Third Dictum, saith:

Ye

have

frequently

duced regimen, and have introthe conjunction,+ yet I proclaim to posteritythat extract they cannot soul except by Ethelia, the now hidden bodies become bodies not by which limation through continual cooking,and by sub-

treated

of the

of Ethelia.

Know

also

that

is fiery, quicksilver burning every body than does fire, also mortifying more "

The

second

concerning which

recension much

is

reads found

:

"

sulphur in

later

of

nature,"

alchemical

writers.

t According said of the

to the

second

recension

:

"much

regimen but of the conjunctionlittle."

has been

The

Turba

Philosophorum.

"odies,and

that

mingled with

it is

to

over

ground

bodies,

and

and

nature,

the copper

is a

produced

colour

which

which

the

Turba

said

it is tinged,because

tinged tinges. Know

that is

is ruled body of the copper is Magnesia, and that quicksilver that

the

matter

did that

also that

the

bodies, also

as

volatile,and it tinges

not

tinge until is

them

exalted

have

tingeing*and

which

dehvered

fore, theredestroyed. When, have dihgently pounded the

required, therefrom

not

and

is

which

be

ye

Ethel

body

every

137

has

by four no

it being except by humidity, because of sulphur, for sulphurs is the water in sulphurs. The Turba contained are saith: O Dardaris, inform posterity what sulphurs are ! And he : Sulphurs souls

are

which

are

bodies, and, extracted do

contain

with

is hidden

in the

water, and

cleanse

"Otherwise

:

"

not

in

four

by themselves,

another,

one

naturallyconjoined.For which

hidden

and

are

if ye rule that

bellyof sulphur well that which

from fleeing

the fire."

138 is

The

Turba

hidden, then

with

bodies

like the

dost

Why

:

ancients

that

tinged, they tinge?

thou when

And

he

that the four coins of the not

are

and

copper,

MoYSES thou

hast

:

by

three

settingaside is that *

the

which

:

I

state

lace popu-

have

which

Dardaris, the

O

us,

the

Dictum,

thing of

one

is

of

coins

called

by

many

and sometimes

by two

answereth

Dardaris

it, therefore, for

Name

are

vulgar

that

This

!

names

they

copper

sometimes

names,

say

when

told

Philosophers

not

they tinge

Forty-Fourth

saith

And

tinged, but

tinged, it tinges populace.t The

four

the

tinged but tinge.*

not

the Turba

that

also

ye

its

with similarly

water

Know are

rejoices, meeting

nature

nature, and

equal.

Philosophorum.

he

envy.

And

is

the fiery,

:

posterity, :

The

two

one

is the

recension, "they tinge a

According

to

the

second

t According

to

the

second

fifth."

tinged, except copper, which "

vulgar."

recension, they

then

are

not

tingesthe coins of the

Turba

The

140

Philosophorum.

being dissolved, burnt

they be with turned

into

becomes off

goes

from other

the

that

the

the of

gate

for that

should

the

spiritbeing body and hidden become

Wise

have

which

not

was

become

other

flightmust

ated separin the

volatile. said be

that ed open-

flee,(or that

would

which

does

death

is occasioned, for

not

then

it

should

one

spirit,both

Therefore

and

Because

flight!

tingeing,and be tinged,for

salt be

clarifies, tinges,

of copper,

that

them

all their

sweetness,

in

necessary

the

until

tincture

lest

care

also to wash

as

up,

water,

sea

take

to

flee),*by whose

flight

the

by

version con-

of the

sulphureous thing into either becomes unto itself,

spiritlike since they are volatile, spirits prone to ascend a

the

in the air.

Philosophersseeingthat

it is needful

Magnesia," "

The

namely, flight."

to

understand

that

which

But was

Quicksilver Cambar

is

"c.

reading "

aeriform

made

Close

of

the

the door

second on

the

recension

is

clearer,

volatile, lest it take

Turba

The

that

the

that

made

which

is

is

hot, and

is

not

work, until

adapted

*'

In

the

Concerning

not

with

to

the

But

the

in

the

second these

the

a

humid of

the

the

other

humid

humid,

warm

made

one.

bodies,

two

rule

the

whole

by not-bodies, become

bodies,

fire,because

recension

the

were

they are

passage

Philosophers also

flyingthings,and yet

to

cold

they are preferthese

the

as

sopher Philo-

one

but

the

we by them namely, bodies incorporeals

steadfast

and

that

although

Therefore, we because

which

another

also

nevertheless

*

in

Know

a

tingeing agent be to tinged are

spiritsis cold,

humid

to

from

of

spirit concealed

not

them

tincture, it refers

one

spirit.

could

digested.

the

them

put

bodies

statement

that and

a

they

iterated

then

were

for

like

to

extracted,

were

same

body

the

like unto

they

the

which

from

escape.* They body

with

non-volatiles, and

the

into

volatile these

volatiles,iterated to

141

made

volatile

not

Philosophorum,

said

they made

reads :

thus

:

They fled

flying."

The

142

conjoined

Turba

with

Philosophorum. volatiles,which

is not

possiblein any body, these excepted. in every wise avoid bodies, For spirits restrained but fugitivesare by incorporeals. Incorporeals, therefore, sequently, similarlyflee from bodies ; those, condo

which

and These

which

earth

of the

bellyof

bodies.

the

The

the whole

the fire in the the

in

earth

the

Nature contains

cold with Nature

the

comes over-

rejoices

in

Nature.

Forty-SixthDictum,

saith

Attamus

fire,

air,mingling the hot

also, that

Nature, Nature

into

water

conceal

humid, and

Nature,

the

with

ceives incorporealrebody ; convert

water, but

the

dry. Know,

have

all

body

the

into water,

fire into air,and

depths

the

non-volatile

a

with

better

volatile and

not

are

join them ; wash incorporeal until

the

are

things, therefore, being done,

take those

the

than

precious

more

flee

not

:

It is to

be noted

that

assembly of the Philosophers frequently treated concerning

Turba

The

Philosophorum, is

Rubigo,* Rubigo, however, and

not

answereth:

its

true

a

Turba

therefore,Rubigo by

Name,

true

tious ficti-

a

The

name.

143

for

name,

this

by

it is

not

ing Rubigo is accordit is from gold to the work, because answereth : Why, alone. The Turba then, have the Philosophers referred it

calumniated.

the

to

And

leech

He

?

:

Because

sulphureous gold as

is in water;

leech

the

:

answereth

in

is hidden

water

he

is rubefaction

in

fore, rubigo, therethe second work,

rubigo is to work, in which

but to make

whiten

former

the

ordained should

that the

taken

be

and

in the

phers Philosoof

flower

gold proportionof

a

gold equally. Forty-SeventhDictum.

The

saith:

MuNDUS

of

While

hast

already Rubigo, O

sufficientlyof

treated *

Thou

this

the properlysignifies

used

metals, it was

for the redness

term

of rust

forms

of red matter,

of the

Great

associated

and

Mystery.

lead, sulphate of

in many

rust

The

mercury,

senses

by

rust

the

or

oxide

alchemists,

it in their idea with

philosophicalbecame oxydes

of

iron, the

other a

part

oxydes of

sulphateof arsenic, sulphateof

^^^^ Turba

1^4

Attamus

will instruct future generations

and that

into

it with

body,

a

it

made

tinged the

have spirit,

burned

and

body

not

spiritshave

tenuous

a

is

venom

subtle

because

speak, therefore,of

I will

!

venom,

Philosophorum.

which

venom,

will Philosopher asserts tinge every body. But the Ancient Philosophers thought that he who had arrived at turned gold into venom the

venom

who

can

do

not

this

profitethnothing.

Now

I

say

unto

you,

the purpose,

but

all ye

that unless

he

of the

Sons

the

reduce

ye

Doctrine, fire

thing by

thingsascend like a spirit, ye effect nought. This, therefore, is a spiritavoidingthe fireand a ponderous smoke,* which when it enters the body until those

antimony, of

names *

all

were

rubigo,minium,

It is not,

itself

concern

often

of the

what

the

above

was

furnace, should

the

fire and

considerablywith

ended, and thus

the

"c.

perhaps,surprisingthat

all things the mystery

under

less confounded

or

more

in which

smoke

in various stages of its

historywe

it so have

alchemy discoursingof that speciallyphilosophicalsmoke which

is identical

of the Greeks

smoke,

with

scorias,and

involves the whole

identical with

mercury

hence

art ;

we

; citrine

on

the

have

smoke,

authority

also

white

identical

Turha

The

Philosophonim.

penetrates it entirely,and

145

makes

the

body rejoice.* The Take

all said

:

spirit ;

therewith

and

a

break

The

the

up

bodies

till they be altered.

them

torture

Forty-Eighth Dictum. saith

Pythagoras

We

:

affirm

must

after this Art

seekers

all you

unto

Philosophershave black and conjoining

Philosophershave treated (or continuation)in

the

I

But

ways.

enjoinupon

of

junction con-

various to

you

that

make

the body quicksilver constrain the body Kuhul, Magnesia, or the

of

Spume

sulphur,

if there

But

not

of

say

was

a

subtlety,of which

others

might

be

that smoke

show

the votaries ot *

Otherwise

Understand,

which

the

"'

named, was

my :

as

but

is

Latin

ponderous smoke

lastly the

and

know.

ye

singularregimen Philosopher would

yellow sulphur ; red smoke,

extreme

alum

or

any

ye know.

as

so,

calx,

apples, as

of these,

for any

with

of

out

of

orpiment; smoke

Geber

the

these varieties

important

to

the

discourses;

Turha. are

Many

sufficient to

alchemists

Lady Nicotine." "the

or

incombustible

or

roasted

or

is

which

Luna,

of

nature

rejoicestherein." L

as

to

The

146

Turba

Philosophorum.

therefore,that sulphur,calx, which all

is from

apples, and but

nothing else

Know

ye

mixed

with

they

also

must

another. that

is

called

but

it is

when

congeal red

the and

"

There

But are

yellowing an

themselves.

sometimes whether

are

their

Thus

But

books,

Accordingly, of

tin,copper, is

second says

com-

Synesius in

whitening is a calcination,

themselves, and

several names, in the

we

the Philosophers

igneous regeneration;

(substances)calcine

under

"

must

you

in

the

when

therein,

water

other denominations,"

his letter to Dioscorus.

the Philosophers.

quicksilver,

for, as

observed

lead. "

them

white

regimen is not one.* first congelationis

the

of the

one

by

reddened

water,

have

and

is

with

is whitened

congeal

must

you

exceeding

also, that

Know,

Magnesia

it is

when

an

regimens established

you

Magnesia

strong composition,which ten

are

sulphur.

Hence

for quicksilver, it

composed

of

water

dismiss

the

Kuhul,

Magnesia, being quicksilverand sulphur,

not

without

alum

that

one

pursue

and

for

of

some

these

(other some)

generate re-

the

Philosopher has designated

and

sometimes

pluralperson,

intelligent."

in order to

in the test

us

singular, and

see

Turba

The

148 from

the

composition

one

of

of ferment

out

Philosophorum, and

gold/' and

part

a

these

on

of

sulphur. This, then, is the potent (orrevealed)arcanum Pythagoras which tingesevery body. impose

answereth

called

it

from

the ancients have

together, that obscurities he

in

are

Willingly, O

:

is from

that

sulphur

our

found received

Pythagoras

might

you

In

:

assembled

I

which

noted

be

to

hast

And

!

hast

have

we

thou

which

he:

And

Master,

Therefore

And

?

thou

yet

arcanum,

its work

same

hast

why

Belus,

potent

a

O

books, the

O

:

shown

not

water

pure

remove

any

books.

any

Master

which

composed

not

is

It

!

water

pure

is

you

of

composed of several things,for the one sulphur is t of several sulphurs. made out How, sulphur alone,

*

of

The

ancient

Morien,

gold, even is

says as

the

is

treatise which

sententiously: ferment

of

The

"

bread

passes

which

to

is from

the

second

ferment

of The

is bread."

sulphur is

recension: not

derived

the work

as

reproduced literally by the Rosary of

t According water

Latin

but

the

"the from

gold

is

ment state-

sophers. Philo-

clean

sulphur

The

Turha

therefore,O these

And

which

that he

strives

which

does

which

warm

Mix, O

with

the

in

of

Surely

fire suitable

like

the

phers Philoso-

intense

which

remains

of gum,

Therefore

things. made

are

the

than

like

Belus, that

physicians

those

TuRBA

The

is

one

of the

eth

answer

you

disposition of alone, but

strong

many

physicians, notwithstanding of

would this

composed

are

fire !*

pitch,balsam

Philosophers tests

the

because

physician

the humour

other

things

concerning decoction,

humid

is called

that

gentle,incomburent

stated

things,and and

the

little sulphur burns

a

Belus, that

fire with

perceive what

ye

have that

a

become

strive, for

not

149

I compose

may

:

venoms

cooked

they

conjoined in a same contend,

are

the

to

Master, shall

things ?

one

Philosopliorum.

to

the

that

the more

are

Philosophers. I

:

also

potent

of several

our

wish,

the

shew

!

arcanum

things which

O

make

up

sulphur." *

For :

"

this

last

and

friendshipis

sentence

the made

second constant."

recension

stitutes sub-

Ttirba

The

150

he

And

I

:

that

Philosophorum,

this

proceeds from

arcanum

that

compositions,

two

future generations

proclaim to

is

to

say,

magnesia. But after it is reduced and conjoined into one, the Philosophers have called it water, of Boletus (z.^.,a species of spume the thickness of gold. fungus), and and

sulphur

When,

been

it has

however,

reduced

into

quicksilver, they call it sulphur it contains water; sulphur also, when sulphur,they term a fieryvenom,

of

because

it is

which

ascends

potent (oropen)

a

arcanum

those

from

things

know.

ye

The

FiftiethDictum. saith

Pandolphus

dost "

describe The

Greek

:

If,O Belus, thou sublimation*

the

the

which

term

Byzantine collection made

use

of

as

the

signifiedoriginallyfilings, as us, thus

expressingthe idea The

matter.

adepts to to

their term

idea

of

Alchimistes

of sublimation

was

was

M.

an

Berthelot

later

on

tion signifiesreduc-

impalpable powder. stalagma, which

of

by the Latin

Grecs, Int., 210). Another

called

the

informs

attenuation

extreme

attached

of

mation, equivalentof subli-

alcoolisation,"which

the condition

des Anciens

tion

same

of the

alchemists

of

meant

by vapourisationor filtration. {lb.,211.)

(Collection species distilla'

The

for

sulphur wilt

Turba

Philosophorum.

And

generations, thou

future

accomplish the Turba

Do

thou

show And

therefore,O Pandolphus!

philosophershave should and

obscurityof

demonstrated with

the

*

According

another

of

sulphur ceed. pro-

been the

limed, sub-

Cambar

is called

Ethelia,

Sanderich,+

or

second

hath

recension:

"there

is

sulphur."

t The

reading in

Sandarac

is

under

same

the

that it was

same

the

to

another

works

proceeds from Zendrio,

Orpiment,

same

Belus

has

same

which quicksilver

that

is

there

sulphur, many

there

remove.

the

you, for out

to

When

as

I will

sulphur' which

in

mixed

of Cambar,

extract

but

Cambar,

Cambar

silver quick-

is sublimed quicksilver

tabernacles, and

from

that

out

which

See then that the in

he: The

they spoke truly, yet in there is a little ambiguity,

these words the

ordered

be taken

albeit

thing ! it forth,

excellent

an

:

151

indeed

in

realgar;

sign as

confused is

the

the

an

Greek

arsenic.

quiteplain from

to

recension

M.

us

entirelydifferent

unintelligible.

Berthelot

name

also tells us

and

minium

the Lexicon that the

is

it is confounded

MSS.

ancientlywith

authority reminds

present day

second

cinnabar,

of Rulandus. is

The

applied at the

composition, derived

The

152

Ebsemich,

ruled

that, being

things),its the

white

have

Copper.

left its thickened

and

therewith

a

Accordingly,the has

a

soul

and

and spirit, Therefore, it behoves thick

body

body.

a

its

to

you ye

the

light sulphur colophon, and

not

until

that

Now,

is thick.

body

destroy

extract

a

Mix,

same.

therefrom

spirit extracted

find your from

said

have

until

tingeing spiritfrom also, the

blackness, it

and

wise

its soul is

with

White

ponderous bodies, clean humid spirithas spirit is tincture.

which

ascended,

from

truly whitened,

of shadow

has

nor

it lead

called

all

Then

therein.

For, when

it is devoid

men regi-

appears,

Magnesia, Marteck,

Ebmich,

the

its

by

nature

shadow

any

envious*

copper

names.

perfectionof

is the

(for ten there

other

many

or

this, philosophers have

Concerning

is

Kuhul,

Magnesia, and

Chuhul,

said

Philosophorum,

Turha

you,

gators, investi-

design accomplished. known

to

the

ancients

under

this

designation. *

or

*'

Throughout

the

Wise,"

are

the

second

substituted

recension, "Philosophers" for this

term.

The

Ttivba

Philosophorum,

153

Fifty-FirstDictum,

The

HoRFOLCos*

saith

nothing, O

Thou

:

narrated

hast

Pandolphus,

the

save

last

hast, regimen of this body ! Thou scription therefore,composed an ambiguous defor readers.

from

commenced

were

you

would

the

TuRBA

eggs. its

burn

that

sides, so be

it behoves

the

vessel

that

destroyed,

extracted,!

In the second

t Otherwise,

I According is increased of the copper

and and

"

closed

of

the

to the

itwith

burnt, all

on

may

be

copper

the

name

the

which

is Morfoleus.

humidity." second

the vessel its

of

tingeing spiritbe

concerning

recension

hoves be-

Art,

[?heat]

body

its

It

as

hatching

spiritbe

be

far

this

to burn

you

its colour

and

:

cerning con-

gentle fire,

a

the

its

lest

increased, the

"

he

in

required in

For

let

And

you.

coppert

humidity

and

posterity,so

to

investigatorsof

you,

like

therefore,

Speak,

:

please

first to

beginning,

the

destroythis obscurity. Saith this

it may

if its regimen

But

recension

sealed

:

'"

when

the fire

lest the body effectually,

be flyingspirit

extracted."

^^^^ Turha

154

envious

of the

also

they

have of

called

termed

become

Copper,

the

which of

water

our

Ethelia, extracted

things.* Again,

many

said

have

of

quicksilver

and a substance fieryvenom, from all things, which further

extracted

out

Take

:

Flower

have

a

copper,

they

said

have

out

Philosophorum.

that

when

bodies

one,

bodies, but

all

things

made

are

not-bodies

some

not-

bodies.

And

of this Art, know, all ye investigators that

every

with spirit without

body which

doubt

is dissolved it is

with

the

mixed, with which

it becomes

a

similar

spiritualthing, and that every spirit which has a tingeingcolour of spirits, and is constant against fire,is altered and coloured by bodies. Blessed then be the

of Him

who

hath

inspired with the Wise the idea of turning a having strength and body into a spirit and colour, unalterable incorruptible, volatile sulthat what phur so formerlywas made is now sulphur not-volatile, *

our

name

Otherwise

:

"

which

water, and fieryvenom

flower

of copper

extracted

from

they have called iron."

we

Turba

The

156

sometimes

Philosophorum. is lead

say

and

copper

copulated coin.

and

The

Fifty-SecondDictum.

saiih

IxuMDRUS

:

will have

You

Horfolcus,

excellently,O

most

the humid

of copper

regimen

spirit,provided And

therewith. what

he:

have

I

envious

have

proceed

You

O

Ixumdrus

know

must

have

you

!

that

previously

notified,which

and

the

Perfect, therefore,

which

this Ethelia* mentioned

:

cerning con-

and

you

omitted,

saith

IxuMDRUS

treated

the

also

called

by many names, doth it is whiten, and tinge when whitened ; then trulythe Philosophers have

it the

called it is

because

process

Water

"

:

occurs

calx is manfactured in the

waters

of

in this

and

taking equal parts, add becomes

very

water

of

what

sulphur

the

mixed

of

compass

a

until the

all the

distils."

footnote), compound

kindle

mortar,

a

There

is obtained

which

of

means

impossibleto extricate

earths in

Place

receive

and

underneath,

"pure"

white.

white

it is

thing, by

Having

:

manner

place in

Gold,

natural

sulphur obtained

catalogue (which

its context

from

certain

a

of

Flower

a

fire

is also somewhat

differently. "

The

second

recension

reads

:

"

Water

of Ethelia.''

a

Do

Philosophorum.

Turha

The

arrives

it is mixed

those

with

According

*

reaches

this

t That

and

is to

"

:

the

say,

Minera

Ochre,

or

is called

of

parts

2

the

Sulphur (another

carefullyregulated.

from

having

the

colour

great wonder,

Minium

;

The

will

says:

of

"Here

recipe);

the

Finest

the cook

potent

a

Greek

PseudoEarth i

part

or

humour over

of

a

;

for of fire

substance,

minium.

This

marvel, is called Chrysocorallos And

is how

Synesius, quoting he

body (metal) of magnesia, alone

coral."

it

complicated

with

find

of

Pontus,

too

cinnabar, coral,

Gold)."

;

of

combine

this indescribable

(Coral Democritus,

of

Before

"

ricipe of

a

Silver, i part

abstruse

You

:

Chrysocorallos

:

Philo-

the

recension

preparation given previously (it is reproductionhere),2 parts

which

copper."

following is

The

Democritus

second

the

to

of

of

Gum

names

books

the

point,it

alchemists.

Chios,

Corsufle

in

found

their

termed

Therefore, those

Gold.i are

have

some

bodies

have

tion. things Multiplica-

called all these

mixed

nominated de-

have

urines, then

fermented

But

things

ten

Philosophers

the

they

it

But

its tincture.

with

it is combined

which

tinged

tingeswhen quicksilver

tinges,because when

it is

when

But

tinge?*

not

it

does

terminus, copper

this

at

before

said, that

Philosophers have

the

what

remember

not

you

157

expresses

himself:

(produces) Chryso-

The

158

Turba

sophers, and and

thought superfluous

are

vain, are

because

Philosophorum,

and

true

they

opinion, and

yet

are one

fictitious,

are

thing,

one

quicksilverwhich is indeed from all things,*out of which also are produced, which that water destroys the And

copper.

know it is

when

sulphurwhich a

marble

ye that

whitened,

has

; this the

extracted all things is

fire,and

silver, quick-

this

becomes

a

envious

the whole

is like

brilliance

a

which

sublimated,

of

shade

Ethelia,

call

orpiment and sandarac, out of tincture and pure spirit ascends mild

pure

sulphur,and

contains

that

venom

is the

This

way.

one

which with flower

pure

a a

is

becomes

flower

wholly quicksilver. It is, therefore, a most

great

thus

have

described, because

whitens

sulphur alone

but

The

reading ab

by

the

there

can

second be

no

hominibas

recension

doubt

Ye, O

copper.

of this Art, must investigators that the said sulphur cannot *

sophers Philo-

the

which

arcanum

for ab

omnibus

several times

that it is

a

know

whiten

tuted is substi-

in this

error. printer's

Dictum,

The

know

this

of

sulphur

to

it behoves

then

lest it vanish

altogether.

Philosophers

sulphurs

they certain

are are

own

kind.

coin

unless

it be

by sulphurs.

would

doubtless

therefore,to (of its

The

unless

escape

afterwards

coin of the

with

quicksilverof

is

become

to

tinges* and

mixed

which

but both

Wherefore

Vulgar,for Philosophers are seeking is of the Philosophers,which,

the

what

it

it is the

escapes,

*

kind,

own

to

Do

because

the

it otherwise

quicksilverof its not, therefore, think

united

they that

vapour,

said, that

have

contained

are

a

further,that sulphurstinge,and

Know, then

as

its

thick

own

retain

to

you

quicksilverof

with

the

its

is sublimated

bodies, and

When,

escape.

therefore, it flees from

!

habit

it is the

also that

ye

159

in the work

until it is whitened

copper

And

Philosophorum.

Turba

one

second

escape.

white its

or

own

I direct

red, kind, you,

mix

with quicksilver quicksilver kind) until together they

clean

water

recension

readings are obscure

composed

substitutes and

"'

fixes

out bodies,"

seemingly corrupt.

i6o

of

The

This

two.

its

own

flowers in

confection gum

red

vinegar, salt,

the

great

which

is

it is cooked

;

with

with

into

with earth

;

and

with

nitre,* and

with

mucra

and

is turned

rubigo,or

by any tingeingagents existingin

of the select coin.

our

The

Fifty-ThirdDictum.

ExuMENUst laid

saith: the

waste

multiplicityof work For

be

must

the

of

called

under

M.

art

all

by

the terms

to

Nitrum

that Nitre

and or

this

Obsemeganus.

name

the

the

Coin. the

coin-like

Philosophers of

names.

fore, Inform, there-

Exumenus,

concern-

the substance

Natron

was

Saltpetrewas

antiquity,nor, indeed, tillthe For

entire

ordered

manner

explainsthat

the

the

make

same

answereth:

Berthelot

of Soda, and

t

of

Art

have

with

but

the

posterity,O *

envious Art

names,

also the

TuRBA

The

whole

this

gold,which have

The

Philosophers have

doctors

in

of

gentle fire and

a

it is made

mutal

Philosophorum,

is, therefore,

the

arcanum,

with

Tiirha

6th

second

referred

to

reallyCarbonate scarcely known

century. recension

substitutes

r;

Turba

The

i6i

Philosophonim.

they he : They take warning ! And may it salting, have named sublimating, pounding Ethelias, washing, and whitening in the fire, frequently and coagulating, cooking vapour turning into rubigo, the confection few

ing a

of

of these

Ethel, the

that

names,

of

art

the

of

water

coagula. By all these is that operationcalled which names has pounded and whitened copper. And know quicksilveris ye, that it is the sight,but when to white possessedby the smoke of sulphur,it sulphur and

is quicksilver

Therefore,when with

its confections

and

red,

the

hence

Do

Philosophers envy

with

?

Hence

we

extract

to

burn

not

see

that

spoken deal

and the

vessel,which

into

Philosopher lead is swiftly

of

have

pounding

may ye in the cease

you

cooked

it is turned

saith that the nature converted.

Cambar.

becomes

and

reddens

the

without

in many

ways

reiteration,that

existing spirits the

fire did

not

the

continuously.But M

1

62

The

Turba

Philosophorum.

with

water

placed

fire ;

but

in

bellyand

those

things prevents the fire from it burning, and befalls those things that the more they are possessed by the flame of in hidden fire, the more they are the depths of the water, lest they should be injured by the heat of the its

fire from Unless ye

the

achieve

the

The

make

ye

sublimation

And

know the

pound Ethelia that

does

does

an

this Sift

the

which

diligently

the

fire, the

ye

however,

instrument

tincture with

little.

a

ye

ascend

nothing. When, it is

sophers Philo-

ascend, but

not

not

the not

in

thing

for ye

Ethelia

:

concerning

water

unless

eth

not-bodies

But

treated

that

answer

bodies

of

of

flame

Turba

nothing. have

the

repels

them.

them

receives

water

achieve

it ascends

the

intended

tinge,and Hermes

when

cerning con-

saith

but things which ye know; another : Liquefy the things. Therefore, saith : Unless Arras pound ye the thing diligently in the fire, Ethelia

:

The

164

Turha

imbibe.

to

Explain,

Philosophorum. Turba

The

answereth

:

O

Anaxagoras, what is this obscurity which expound, and you beware of being envious ! And he I that this volatile burnt to you testify thing,and this other which thirsts,are :

Ethelia, which with in

been

conjoined

sulphur. Therefore, place

a

cook

glass

vessel

God

will

seek.

the

over

until the whole

Then ye

has

becomes

I

direct

and not to continuously, repeating the process. that the perfection of

the

confection

of

with

tabula;*

until

it becomes

Philosophers able

to

Cambar.

tired

grow And

know

this

work

of

water

said

:

but

is

ye is

cooked

for

all

He

who

otherwise

of

sulphur

Rubigo into already achieved

work,

cook

to

you

finally,it Rubigo,

have

arcanum

the is

golden

turn

has

venom

fire, and

accomplish the

But

these

the

his

sired de-

labour

is vain.

"

According

perfection of tabula."

to

the

sulphur

second consists

recension in

the

:

"

The

whole

decoction

of

The

Turba

The

:

Pythagoras

concerning the

water, which

have at

called

the

of the

of

of its gum.

I

Turba,

the

how

work

discoursed

than

the

The

Turba

not

and

the

putrefy

has

treated

But

And

without

But

name

:

the

humid.

Thus

merely coagulated out

of both

the

dry vulgar

the

is the

with

divided

other

work

this

is

in the

second

recension

the the

beginning

Notwithstanding,

that parts, asserting

The

he

the

one

the

into

quickly

fixed

immovable. *

!

same

therefore,

Why,

putrefy?

to

place

have

flees, but

the

spoken truly; putrefaction

work.

envious

:

this

rather perfection of

answereth

with

dry. the

of the

in

have

envious

humid.

is

three

he

astonished, O all ye

am

take

humid

of

book

left it

hast

does

Finally,

names.

commencement

you

Thou

the envious

gold,ordainingthat should be imposed clean sulphur, and a small quantity

thereon

have

treated

hath

of

ferment

water

all

by

of his

end

165

Fifty-FifthDictum.

saith

Zenon*

Philosophorum.

is Pitheon.

and

1

66

The

Turba

The

CoNSTANS do

Philosophorum.

Fifty-SixthDictum.

saith:

with

the

What

with

of

treatises

for it is necessary deal

have the

envious,

that this work

four

things?

And

he

fire. Ye

have

without

which is

nor

in

cook

whence

the

anything

out

of

and

of the

the

rated, genein

absolved

is

takes

t The

in the second

to

the

that

the

second

earth, fire

the

spirit

This, of

recension

work,

our :

"

fore, there-

The

spiritis

soul."

recension

question is derived from water.

are

of the tenuous

t

process

air,

soul

tenuous

a

dessicated.

According

dessiccated

out

the

its power

of

part

water,

the

ye

the

part of the

air, while

been

the

the

water,

in

know

tenuous

the

and

fire and

tenuous

the

part of

and

ever

earth

are

And

of the

"

is

nothing

tingeingagent

tenuous

has

those

are

four elements

those

then

spirit and

dessicated.*

:

Earth, water, air, and

:

which

humid,

out

answer

Mix, therefore,the dry with

Art.

and

should

They

Demonstrate, therefore,what four ?

to

you

merely

the tenuous

says

that the power

part of the

in

earth, air,

namely,

that

into earth

Philosophorum,

Turba

The

everythingmay the

when

167

be turned

parts of

tenuous

extracted, because things are is a body is then composed which of kind a atmospheric thing, and thereafter tinges the imposed body of these

coins.*

however, O

Beware,

all ye

of this art, lest ye multiply investigators things,for the envious have multiplied and destroyed for you ! They have also described various regimens that

they might called

it

humid

all

they

;

(or have

with

have

further

it

to) the

likened

the

humid,

and

the

of dry, by the name and metal, gallof animals every stone of the sea, the winged thingsof heaven But do ye and reptilesof the earth. who would tinge observe that bodies I say For are tinged with bodies. the what to Philosopher said you brieflyand truly at the beginning of his book. In the art of gold is the from Cambar, and in coins quicksilver

dry

*

with

deceive

The

all the

reading of the second

substituted in this

recension

unintelligible passage.

has been

partly

1

Turba

The

68

Philosophorum.

quicksilverfrom

is the

In

the Male.

nothing, however, look beyond this, also since the two quicksilversare one.

The

Fifty-SeventhDictum.

signifyto posterity the to philosophy near

saith

AcRATUS* that

I make

Sun

and

I

:

Moon.

will

attain

the

moisture

the

to

Spumet

of

answereth

:

therefore, that

He,

of

the

Why

you

adversaryto your brethren ? I have spoken nothing but But

they : Take

taken.

he:

And

yet, if you

*

also In

This

an

the

spirit ;

of the two

analogy borrowed

it is

the

any

real

mercury

and

quicksilverin

attribution. the

hath

direct

terity poscoins

the

ordered, to

is Astratus.

probably a misreading. which

of the metals, but from

:

truth.

adapted

name

passages

without

noted.

the

recension

planetaryattribution

any

be

one

has

Hermes

the second

t Otherwise

X

he

intending,

of

part

And the

so

willing,I a

an

Turba

the was

made

Philosophers have

the

which

I

are

take

to

which

what

Turba

The

are

the

and

Sun

Moon.l

the

take

let him

truth

seem even

astronomy The

67th

to

here it may

of the

distinction Dictum

indicate

period

between

should

be

the

tingeing,*and a part of the of the Philosophers, to mix the coins, and with place

true

copper

the

same

all the

four

mouth

of

bodies

the

days, when already pounded with the

copper,

both

found

seven

into

turned

fear

let nothing. Then opened, and a blackness

Repeat

the

until

the

is

from

continually which

Kuhul, of

coins, be

returned

until

is turned

them their

to

cooked

the

into stone.

continuouslycook

of

copper

the

and

According

coins

Hermes."

of

the

to

be

vessel

will

appear cook

process,

blackness the

of

blackness when

For

finally,being place, they are ;

whole

and

*

and

precious whiteness

a

on

appear

the

consumed.

that is consumed will

water.

again slowly cooked,

be

above.

carefully Cooking

escape.

for

proceed

coins, is Let

be

must

water

vessel, the

the

in

which

closed, lest the must

169

Philosophormn.

Turha

The

is dried

Also

the second

repeatedly

that stone

coins

with

recension

Philosophers, which

and

:

are

born a

fire

*'takea

part of

the

coins

of

sharper is

stone

destroyed,

produced

and

permanent becomes

this

cook

until

fore, therecook

imbue

and

humid.

fire, and of the

with

composition

mild

it becomes

mouth

which

with, liquefythere-

and

and

still hotter

the

that

the

water,

water, until the sweet

Imbue

close

then

of

Mixing,

cinder

that

again, until

precious

a

sons

with

and

up,

is

ye

it !

from

cinder

the

a

broken

precious is

Doctrine, how

in

O

Alas,

cinder.

the

former, until

the

than

into cinder, which

turned

is

Philosophorum.

Turba

The

170

red. Cook

carefully

vessel, for by

regimen fugitivebodies

become

turned into not-fugitive, spirits are and both bodies, bodies into spirits, connected are are together. Then made bodies spirits having a tingeing and The Turba germinating soul. answereth:

Now

hast

to

that Rubigo posterity

to

copper

off with is

thou

attaches

after the blackness

permanent

notified

is washed

water.

congealed and becomes magnesia. Finally,it is

itself

a

Then

it

body

of

cooked

until

The

172

You

Turba

know

must

described

this

Philosophorum, that the

have

envious in the

arcanum

shade

;

in

physicalreasoning and astronomy, and the art of images ; they have also likened it to trees ; they have biguously amconcealed of it by the names and metals, vapours, reptiles; as is generallyperceived in all their work. I,nevertheless,direct you, investigators of this science, to it into it

with

closed

most

ye too

much

increase

stir it

be

vigorouslyas

while, if it be hence

the

too

nor

I direct ;

the

of

its

must

be

beware

lest

humour,

or,

a

too

in

the

dry, it will

cooked you

in the to

which

dry, cause, be-

mass,

be in excess,

place finally,

mouth

it in

lest it be

hand,

contained

conjoined

place

and carefully,

if the water not

(or sprinkle)

of which

mouth

the other

but

and

venom,

draw

and

iron

mix plates; finally,

vessel, the

on

take

it will

chimney, neither

be

chimney;

confect

it diligently

it in

its vessel,

must

be

closed

internallyand externally with clay, coals above and, having kindled it,

The

after

days

some

there

Philosophorum,

Turha

shall

find

ye

the

alreadyliquefied;

while

the vessel ye

find

when

the

because

into

passes

the

its

plates lid of

the

on

For

globules. the

vinegar*

spiritualnature I direct

air,wherefore,

part separately. Ye

that

keep

to

you

shall

iron

fire is kindled

ascends,

it, and

shall open

ye

173

by multipliedt decoctions and attritions it is congealed its and coloured by the fire, and is changed. nature By a similar is and decoction liquefactionCambar not disjoined. I notifyto you that know

also

must

that

+

"

entitled The a

Work

brief section

with

the

the

of multiplicity

say

on

this

magnesia,

of

"

of

water

black

cow,

alum

t The

body

Divine

milk

the

of ash

vapour.

number

nection con-

subjects amidst

of

Philosophers

the

vinegar,white

divine

calx, virgin'surine, mercury,

water,

of

Vinegar

citing in

is what

water,

one

this contains

Divine

the

is worth

Here

names.

virginalmilk,

the

of

questionof the unity

water,

whitens

which

is

treatises there

Elements, and

the Four

Water,

subject:

matter,

technical

the Nomenclature

on

Divine

the

and

Greek

the

Among

There

magnesia, three

of

is

she

the

ass,

cabbage, is the

of

bitch, natron,

substance

that is,burnt

indicated

copper,

by

sea

the

second

recension

says that it is

cidental oc-

which "c." second

recension.

X The

the

disjoined.

^^^^ Turba

174

Philosophorum,

by the said frequent decoction weight of a third part of the water but

consumed, wind

in

the

residue

the

spirit.* And

know

red

the

of

the

a

second

nothing is than

for

the

with

the

sea,

is united

Luna

of

Sputum

the

excellent

more

sand

is

becomes

that

ye

precious or

more

of

Cambar

the

is light of the Sun's rays.t Luna perfectedby the coming on of night, and the by the heat of the Sun is congealed. Then, that being dew the

wounded, is

dealer

it to

causes

*

"

Which

thereof," is

the

the Sun, and

J Omitted For

substitutes Sun

is

the

of the Moon,

the spume

"

to

is

it

gealed, con-

For

he

himself

is

fire.

terrene

spiritbears

in

the

belly

reading. second which

recension, the is

joined

to

the

sand

is

light ot

congealed." in the second

this nonsensical :

its

days

signalwhiteness the

and

alternative

t According "*

that

overcome

Cambar

Sun

the

and

" congealed,

the

more

burned.

is not

with

cooks

who

the

death-

intenselyis

more

and

the

of

joined,!and the

on

pass

dew

"That

congealed."

which

recension.

passage is cooked

the

second

recension

by the heat

of

the

saith Bonites

Then O

Philosophorum,

Turba

The

the

that

Balgus,

Do

:

And

Balgus:

And

he:

omitted

whereof

?

to

Balgus

he

manner

tree, and

same

of

eat

certain

science, has

after what

me

hunger

A

:

followed

operating, fruit and

shall

eateth

has

this

discovered

thou

that tree, of the fruit

And

person,* who

?

copper

speakest truly^

whosoever

notified

our

Luna

therefore, hast

describe

nevermore

of

Spume

Thou

Why, to

know,

not

you

tinges nothing except

175

did

priately appro-

the

extract

it.

But

I

when

inquired of him concerning the growth and the increment, he described that pure

whiteness, thinkingthat the without

is found

its

Then thereof.

But

when

he said fructifies,

build

a

wholly also "

surround

be In the

Tulleas.

house

tion. disposithe

perfectionis

it is nourished

how

as

laborious

any

:

I

further

with

food

Take

about the

same

fruit asked

until

that tree, and

it, which same,

which

shall shall

circular, dark, encircled second

recension

it

this person

is referred

by to

The

176

of

have

hundred

a

the door

secure

Philosophorum.

shall

dew, and man

Turba

in the

Then

them.

days

send

them

I say

that

man

shall not

old

what

number

into the

made O

most

he

Bonites

God

:

until O

which

the

have man

father

is

be

thou,

to

speak

!

I propose

hath

And

Brother,

discoursed

Following I will make

It should

things which

narrated.

Speak, :

tion perfec-

young.

Blessed

!

son

saith

hath

brother

the

of that old

concerning those

Turba:

And

soul

eat

to

Fifty-NinthDictum.

Theophilus

Bonites

of 180

to

natures,

excellent

The

further

time

cease

juvenilebody, and

a

should

[of the days]

marvellous the

and

wind

shall become

man

transformed into

tree

a

their homes.

to

away

of the fruit of that

the

or

it

on

shut

years;

lest dust

reach

of the

placed

in

for

thy elegantly.

the

steps of

perfecthis

be known

the

that

ings. say-

all the

cealed conPhilosophers,while they have this disposition, yet spoke the

The

truth

in

named

Turha

their of

water

whatsoever*

Philosophorum, when

treatises

they that

for this reason, life, with

is mixed

first dies, then

water

177

lives

And

young.

said

the

comes be-

and all

know,

ye

become that iron does not disciples, of this water, rusty except by reason because it tingesthe plates; it is then and till it liquefies placed in the sun is imbued, after which it is congealed. In

these

days

this illumination.

silence is better than Tke

TuRBA of

beware

that And he

Theophilus,

O

:

thy speech! And I might repeat the is thy they: What fruits,which

perfecttree,

plete com-

Would

he: like

thing!

will ?

Then

proceed

first

flourish in

do

and the beginningof the summer, they are multiplied the more they adorned, + until they are

the more are

*

The

of the

reference

in the second

receHsion

is to

the old

previousdictum.

t According tree

eth

becoming envious, and

that

from

man

answer

Certain

:

rusty, but

it becomes

to the second

recension

:

"

The

more

is adorned." N

the

The

178

Turba

perfected,and

being

In the

sweet.

fleeingfrom whom

Philosophorum.

same

that

way

her

she lives,although not

brook

that

her

husband

nor

her

partly angry,

being

tillhe shall have

should

carnal

God

when

multiplieschildren

he

his

does

not

of

reason

lust.

finished

make

known

to

death

put

to

her

spouses.

"

allegoryfrom

interpolatedat epoch

to

described.

the For

compiler of the

The

character

the

a

another later

of Trevisan

with

the text

something

beauty,

that

the

a

which

also

the

or

it has

introduced

possibly been

period ; its style,indeed,

as

term

I

to have

seems

source,

it

by

dragon Philosophers have who woman slays the belly of that

Turba

;

who

except

her.

to

you

with

fire

when

turns

dies,but

never

wife

For

he

His

by

his

approach

her,

himself

to

pleasure.

therefore, is consumed

seen,

her,

foetus,

perfect the

make

accordingto

the

possess

intercourse

her, and

this

overcome,

loves furiously beauty, who keeps awake contending with

and

is

woman,*

children, with

own

yet does

become

mature

is,in

any

whole, has

and not

case,

is that

quite out

refers,it been

will

of of

be

previously

l8o

The

Titrha

Philosophorum.

junctionand regimen,* because is generated out of blood and For

the

sperma desire.

minglingwith the woman, the sperm is nourished by the humour of the womb, and by the moistening blood, and by heat, and when forty is elapsed the sperm nights have man

formed. blood

if the

But and

the sperm

of the womb would

the

foetus

has

constituted

be

foetus is

is

dust, and

dissolved,nor

heat

of

God

But

procreated. that

the

heat,

not

were

be

not

for the nourishment the

of

humidity

and

blood until

the sperm

brought forth,after which it is not nourished, save by milk and fire,sparinglyand gradually,while it more,

the

it

is

led

at

which

it

the

without

Otherwise

the

being strengthened, towards youth, arriving + Thus it is independent. bones

behoves *

it burns

more

also

you :

"

that

Know

act

to

nothing

is

in

generated

complexion."

t This

absurd

recension, which nourished

with

confusion reads

milk, and

is maintained, the bones

:

'*

in are

is not So

long

found as

in

the

second

it is little,it is

proportionas

the

strengthened."

vital heat

I

The

Turba

this Art.

Know

nothing is

ever

bath

but

been

if it have

the

flesh

has

been

in

and

to

the

venient con-

and

smooth

augmented.

demonstrated

all

it is

fore body, where-

become

! disciples

ye

to

is

disperses,

tempered,

sweet

the

perish by If,indeed, it be

flightand

veins

that

to

heat.

to

the

heat

matter

it puts frigid,

and

that without

generated,and

of intense

means

i8i

ye

the

causes

Philosophorum,

Behold

it

you,

all

to

Understand,

things which

therefore, attempt

ye

rule, fear God.

The

saiih

MosES

Sixty-FirstDictum, It is to be

:

the envious

have

instruments

of

observed

named

that

formation, simulating,

there

are

our

own

from

except

whom

*

This

passage

is

According in

envious

have

making

lead, and

number

many

have

of instruments,"

the

to

ways

and as

second

from to

be

the that

our

almost

recension

described

represented etc.

give

white, strong,

corrupt

so

I

instruments

no

splendid powder,

and

of copper

lead

to deceiving prosterity,*

notice

that

:

translatable. un""

The

process there

are

of a

The

i82

Turba

Philosophorum. and

stone*

concave

whereof

work

whole

marble, there

is

the

to no

more

one more powder, nor to our composition, than

suitable

joined con-

the

powder of Alociae,+ out of which are of formation. produced instruments Further, the Philosophershave already said

:

Take

Yet

they have The

which

entered

hear much

We

is not the

be

to

same

bird. I not

Latin

as

of

:

formal

form

Boiwnia

Bernard

know

ye

be

to

term

a

philosophers.

accustomed

"

Our

does

stone

(forma formabilis) such

formata),which

it is

form

(forma

themselves, and the human

this

body,

things,is heterogeneous." For the

stone

concave

a

possess

vegetative or

as

homogeneous, whereas

of other sensitive

speak of

to

not

formed

a

is the elements

form

in

Trevisan, in his Epistleto

sensitive,yet, nevertheless, it has

the term

And

of later

theology was

Thomas

that

egg

its configuration, being used

as

So

or

the

concerning the form of the stone, but that

the form of the soul.

is because

what

seem

into the nomenclature

understood

sense

does

stone

concave

of the egg.

out

said

not

of what

is, nor *

instruments

second

recension

substitutes

gleaming, i.e.,candidus. t

might "

i.e,t

A

critic,having failed

severe

suggest many

J This entire second

envious

no

egg

have

are

at

is

simply

the

to

Alogia,

considerablyshortened

name

that

observes

out

beginning, instruments

composed, but that

omitted

read

sense."

passage

recension, which

powder mentioned to the

and

this term,

trace

and

slight emendation,

a

words

to

at

the egg,

the etc.

same

in the of

the

adapted time the

The

that

the

Turba

than

taken

that

the

place in

sand

know

that while

ye in

samC'

the

have

The

with

ruled

be

fore, there-

moon,

and

this

full,take

And

till it be dissolved.

sand

unless

sea.

Philosophers

it should

at

ruled

be, its light is

profound judgment. being

work,

be

composition

the

repeating the

have

ye

the work.

ruling,and corrupt therefore, the same

in

a

it

is

that

until

ye

Then

extinguish with

shall

find

err

Cook,

gentle

fire

dissolved.

vinegar,and

thing separated

one

the

cess, pro-

patience, ye

in

see

placing

are

ye

and

is

things

extinguished by

Wherefore

183

entire

the

it should

and

ordered

these

than

if the

because, more

of

regimen

difficult

more

Philosophorum,

ye

from

three

ye that

the

second

companions. And know Ixir,commingles, the first,

burns, while "

does

not

existence

of

Alchemy the

the

indeed, it holds

there

is

third

to

seem

one

perfection. Zosimus,

degrees

of

the true

powder

of

have

elixirs.

three but

liquefies.*In

perfectionthe

generally recognised Fundamentally,

elixir,having various however,

existence

and three activities proceeding from

recognises in of three powers

those powers,

namely,

The

184

first

the

Turba

is

saith seekers

all ye

whatsoever

have

narrated

behoves

It

:

is

there

Tyrian

Philosophers given

therefore, trouble

not,

one

tincture

been

extracted

from

tincture, penetration, and

our

subtlety. the

Elixir

at

gecond

is the

metals

is

*

at

According

Geldum,

etc."

and

have

to

the named

The

alchemists the

time held

same

the

And

fixation, just

to

second Gold

as

body

a

distinction is

speak much

Elixir

first in exaltation, and

the

Philosophers

Later

White

for

it has

sea.

mathematically three dimensions.

mere

of

it black, because

called

a

things,

they have at will, and having they name, proper

the

have

has

of

which

to

names

abolished

one

are

carmen,

plurality

a

know

Philosophers ordained, Kenckel,

or

Do

O

you,

the

herbs, geldum, and about

and

hot,

after this Art, to

that

thing!*

made

being

Sixty-SecondDictum,

The

MuNDUS

first while

"

it is heated.

when

second

twice

vinegar

vessel

the

nine

place, therefore,impose

of

ounces

urn. Philosopher

of the

Red, yet the

at

the

so

also the Elixir of

be the medicine

recension:

of

men.

"Certain

Chelidony, Karnech,

The

know

that

and

to

but

in their

placed be

has

been

by

sea,

pure

nor

know

And

from which

that

we

that

possess in

traced

after

another

one

its

and

name,

are

all

for those

from

it has

after

have

been

there

and

is but

one

the

ted separa-

of these

another, each name,

been

sieve, and

the

substances

own

putrefaction. have given

understanding,is to be that is being ground. corn grinding it is called by

passed through various

and

is neither

of which,

example

an

"

red

is sweet

it, which

to

than also

our

and in

names

many

which

me,

impure ye

treasuries,

fragrant

pleasant odour,

sordid

has

and

extracted

most

true

a

and

described

can

a

impure, they

or

altars

clean

more

and

into

Tyrian colour; they Tyrian colour, which

our

was

with

artificial

introduce

sordid

Kenckel

did

purifyingaltars,

should

they

anything

tinged

priests

wear

for

whence,

lest

them

For

ancient

the

garments,

185

Philosophorum.

condescend

not

of

Turba

yet

mentally funda-

name,

to

1

86

The

wit,

Turba

Philosophorum.

from

corn,

which

distinguished. Thus

are

in

purple the

by

each of

name

The

the

the

it

called

because

its

colour.

own

I

:

notifyto is

the

body

therein

is

regimen

Dictum,

nature

wherefore

female,

its

sailh

that

call the

we

grade of

Sixty-Third

Philosophus*

names

many

male

and

envious of

the

terity pos-

have

Magnesia, most

great

!

all ye Accordingly, O seekers after this Art, place Magnesia in its vessel, and ! cook diligently Then, opening it after some days,ye whole shall find the changed into arcanum

Cook

water.

and ye hear

further until it be coagulated,

contain

of the

envious, know

sea

itself.

But,

in the books

when

of the

that

humour, they signif}^ while by the basket they signifythe vessel, and they by the medicines it germinates mean Nature, because

*

In

the mouth

the

second

of Rarson.

recension, this speech is put

into

1

88

The

Turba

of this small

wherein And

Philosophorum,

and

the

most

preciousthingis concealed!

if the

vulgar knew,

O

of this art, the and

thing,

common

vestigator in-

all ye

small

same

vile

thing,they would deem it a lie ! its efficacy, Yet, if they knew not vilify it,but God hath they would concealed

this

the world

should

Art,

most

lucid

brute

the

any

one,

*

Literally from the

t

In

"

second

does is

explain

thing, in

small

this

you

said

has

I will

But

!

of

he

introduced

being become

Art, may

the

teaching

been

what

animal

this

that

placing before syllogisms,he that

that

into

know,

must

and

regimen

order

lest

wisdom,

hath

understand

not

You

love

Mundus

this

a

who

ye

whereas

crowd*

be devastated.

saith ;t

HoRFOLCUS

all

the

Sixty'Fifth Dictum.

The

O

from

bolder,!

sea."

recension

the

speaker

is called

Orfulus. On

X thine

principleof Zosimus:

inexperience, and has

well."

the

"

On

become the

when

"

you

ash, understand

Diversityof

Burnt

Be

not

dissuaded

perceive that then

Copper,

that

by

thing every-

all goes

The

Turha

it be

although the

Know

common.

which

with

dear

the

compose

that

with

common

dear, and is

small, may

that

in

beginning of the mixing, it to commingle elements you cooked fire.

governed,

or

behoves which

these

and

be

follow

should

in

embraced

whereby they are they be dessicated fire.

know

And

another,

one

complexion, gradually burnt, until a

in the

that

said

and and

teaches

the

But, after

it is necessary

the

it should

that

things become which, afterwards,it

fire until all

to

mix

humour,

the

and

residuum then

with

first combustion,

washed, cleansed, and dealbated

with

thing, spirit,

contend

to

same

gentle

spiritburns

one

destroys one thing and one body strengthens one fire.

gentle

a

intensifyingthe fire elements are conjoined,

the

for

over

not

of

Beware

until

the

the

crude, gentle, sincere, and

are

one

is

which

that

ye

189

it, and

consider

assuredly

more

may

Philosophorum,

of

one

on

its colour

the

colour ;

behoves the

be

you

whole will

be

I

The

go

Turba

the

For

exalted.

Philosophonim,

elements,

being fire,rejoice,

in the cooked diligently and are changed into different natures, is the because the liquefied,which lead, becomes not-liquefied,*the becomes humid dry, the thick body and the fleeingspirit becomes a spirit,

becomes

saith

But

to

the

moist

made

subtle, and

the

tingeingspirit. and

death

subtle

Know

ye,

life of

which

But

when

behold "

ye

the

the

According

liquidbecomes

be

remain

as

also,that elements the

posite com-

produces

desire, God colours

miracles to

gross

the

proceed from fire,and that germinates itself,and that

operator

fire until the

the

it in

the

the

disposition,let

the

is to make

fugitivefixed. accomplished

being

things

and

seekest.

thou

the

and

dry

leave

a

what

the elements

convert

These

by

find

shalt

thou

battle

the elements

Convert

:

do

the Philosopher

Whence

fire.

againstthe

fit to

and

strong

the

liquidwhich

second

favouring. begin ye shall

of

recension

is the head

wisdom

the :

*"

The

of this art."

non-

The

of

Turba

until

God,

Philosophorum. the

Tyrian

O

accomplished.

191

colour

be

wonder-working

Nature,

O I tingeingother natures heavenly Nature, separating and elements converting the by regimen! Nothing, therefore, is more these Natures in precious than that

Nature

which

and

composite,

multiplies the

makes

fixed

and

scarlet.

The

Sixty-Sixth saith

ExEMiGANUs

Dictum,*

Thou

hast

already treated, O Lucas, concerning living concealed is Magand silver,which nesia, it behoves

as

commanded

hast

:

thee, and

posterity to

thou prove

experiment] and to read the books, knowing what the Philosophers the latent spirit have said : Search and it not, seeing that when disesteem it [or

to

it is

remains

effects many

*

and

This

dictum

that which

a

great

and

arcanum

good things.

is

omitted

in

the

second

follows is put into the mouth

of

recension,

Emiganus.

The

Turba

The

Sixty-SeventhDictum.

192

Lucas and

saitk what

I

are

your

than

Philosophorum,

I

:

testifyto forth

set

burn silver,

ever

the

sopher Philoburn

copper,

the

gold. Hermiganus dark something more

Behold replies: than

the

lucid

more

words, that

saith :* Burn the

is

posterity,

!

The

Turba

answereth

Illumine, therefore, that

which

dark.

which

said

And

he

As

:

that

to

:

is he

Burn, burn, burn, the

diversity for they are is only in the names, one and the same thing. And they: Woe ! how unto shortly hast thou you dealt with it ! why art thou poisoned with jealousy! And he : Is it desirable that I should speak more clearly? And And he : I signify they: Do so. "

that

to

whiten

is to

burn, but

red

is

life.t

For

the

The

followingvariation

"

the second should

be

recension

of which

the Wise

t According is to

The

read, for they have

sucking child should out

"

:

vivify.'*

be

not

heeded,

have

make

envious

in

occurs

books

to

of

the

the

have

opening of Philosophers

in vain advised for therein is

an

that the arcanum,

operated good things."

to the second

recension:

"

To

make

red

The

Tnrha

Philosophonan.

multiplied

many

might

posterityastray,

lead

that

names

I

that the definition testify is the liquefactionof the the

of

separation

body, seeing that has

soul

a

it behoves

the does

body but

that

which

and

is

answereth

is

have

words.

he

And

the

have

unless

when

it

Mercury

said

of it

the and

fore Where-

!

that the

the

the

body, nature,

is

put

body

a

Turba

desire

your

I

said

and

does

perchance

ascends

in

is hidden

by

the

be

to

dark

forth

signifythat

Saturn

In

body. The

narrated

splendour

appear

:

of

body

there

Despite

:

explain, you envious

the

souL

a

man,

it is this which

soul, and penetrates

there

the

a

subtle

a

therefore,

nature,

from

Sons

penetrate

there

is the

tinges and

not

and

Therefore,

all ye

Philosophers

this Art

like

therefrom

soul

whom

body

soul

destroy

to

the

extract

O

they

to

of

body.

a

you,

Doctrine,

the

copper,

and

193

the

that not

dark

air, that

the rays

Sun, that quicksilvervivifies the

of the

body

^^^

194

Turba

Philosophorum,

by its fierystrength,and thus is accomplished. But Venus,

The

Sixty-Eighth saith-'

Attamus

Dictum.

O

Know,

which

the

produced by which

is

the work

until

thereof

ounces

ounces

in the

white

days.

the

But from

of

month "

in the

This note

on

planetary

57th Dictum, chemical.

the

the

i68

If

boiled,

of the

to two

of this volume

attribution

reference

earth

a

of

may

for 42

work

tenth

September page

been

black

second

is the second

vinegar.

vinegar,that is, 8 white vinegar,and

and

sun

white.

extinguished with

with

pound

;

stones, and

sea

have

part of the

third

cook

be

heat

the

let

fore, Take, there-

!

they become

extinguishin

Then

a

old

and

boil with coals

of

which, after God,

completed

Halsut

24

been

with

and

work,

our

inquiring,is generation of the sea,

have

ye

vestigator in-

all ye

of this Art, that

by

she

when

oriental,precedes the Sun.*

becomes

of

the work

is

formed per-

of

the

tenth

day

day the

mentioned

passages as

metals,

containing traces but,

as

be astronomical

in

the

and

not

The

196

has

whiteness

how

know

in the

But

that

be

But

this

after

appear

be certain

that

behove to

is

first blackness of

nature

is

fugitiveand *

to

The

second

extract

it.

the

that

peace

that of

out

that

a

the the

redness

blackness,

improved

made

has

and

has

red

which

you

from

extracted

rather

nothing

also

and

not

become

produced

Marteck,

in that

which

Know

compare.

can

all,

does

it

whole

the

red, with

deep

most

perceive that

it,* but

extract

it until

cook

seekers

is hid

redness

to

you

completely

flowing over

However,

!

whiteness

and

with

cooked

all ye

O shall

Art, ye

whiteness

let that

let it be

when,

for

them.

vessel

a

become

it

until

white.

in

placed

its instruments, and

gently

between

decoction

second

whiteness

whiteness

blackness,

discern

to

the

it behoves

Then that

extract

subtly from

most

in

hidden

blackness.

to

you

ye

been

that

bellyof

Philosophonim.

Turba

the

black,

between

the

reducing non-fugitive,

recension

affirms that

it does

behove

The

the

into

two

unswereth he

Ttirba

why

Because

:

when

it is

changes

cruciated

into

the

the

handled, And

that

this

the

it cruciates

the

sulphur

which

does

and

which ye be

cannot

and

tinges. door

the

open

the

into turns fugitiveand fugitivewith the fugitive.* Do to

not

that

see

cruciate

by

if its victim

its

until from

According is

that which

readings are

does

not

"

the

be embraced

not

colours

were

tracted ex-

unalterable recension

second

non-fugitiveinto

a

;

and

"It

converts

fugitive nature."

Both

corrupt and ungrammatical. second

t The

reading :

to

it

and

noxious

were

inconvenient, it would

*

you

cruciatingdoes not harm or corruption,but and utility of things?t

with

thereby

the

the

coadunation

For

is

blackens

which not

you,

know

sulphur

but

body,

sulphur And

body.

same

matter

behoves

It

therefore,to know that

in

A nd

unalterable

an

nature.

blackens

this ?

was

submerged

it

indelible

the

197

Turba

The

one.

And

:

Philosophorum.

That

recension

which

cruciate with

somewhat

cruciates with

harm

reverses or

and coadunation." utility

this,

corruption

The

ig8

Ttirba

indelible.

This

of

sulphur, prepared for the

which not

does

I have

which the not

called

water

red

pass

testified

to

water

have

we

tinctures; for

blacken

without be

but

that

this

does

;

blacken, and

to

come

have

we

it does

rest

Philosophonim,

blackness,

the

key

of the

work.

The

MuNDUS*

Seventieth

saith of this

:

Dictum,

all ye

Know,

gators investi-

Art, that the head

is all

things,which if it hath not, all that it imposes profits nothing. Accordingly, Masters

the

have

perfected is natures

does

but

and

one

behoves

you

and

one,

that

not

these which

to

rule

*

is

thing, it

carefully,for by have

erred.

of heed, therefore, the plurality

those compositions,nor things the merated philosophers have enuin

nature

that

suitable nature, which

ignorance of ruling some Do

what

diversityof

a

improve

not a

said

their

books.

of truth is one, In the second

and

recension the

name

For

the

the followers is Mandinus.

The

of

Nature

thing in the

Turba

Philosophorum.

have

termed

the

bellywhereof

natural

Wise.

how

to

seen

This known

nor

him

forth therefrom

shall

which

and

then

fulfilled which

was

diverse

Natures,

itself its

by

which

Do

you

begun Hence

own

it

all

word

be

written

by

the

Nature

rejoices Nature,

overcomes

there

time

same

rise

that

contains

Nature

rules

shall conquer

Masters, namely, that

and

knows

nature

a

shall

in Nature, Nature

by

except

its complexion and

equably, for

one

arcanum

He, therefore,who

extract

natures,

th^

is concealed

arcanum.

is neither

the

it

y^9

Nature; not

are

but

the

at

or

many

having in and natures properties, prevailsover other things. that

one

the

not

see

with

one

and

has

he

called

Water,

Sulphureous

Master

finished those

has ?

one

unities

conquering

all

Nature. The

Bracus* *

In

Archelaus.

the

Seventy-FirstDictum,

saith

:

second

recension

How

elegantlyMundus this

dictum

is ascribed

to

The

200

hath

become

most

bodies

unless

is

unable

The

out

one,

it is called colours of the

It is necessary,

The

The

:

body

are

by

ten

which

body

of

of

Magnesia,

But

recension

have when

in

appear this

it

taken

names,

the

Magnesia.

therefore,that

into blackness

second

first composition,

ancients

of copper.

is ruled

*

it its

therewith.

the

which

Albar

be turned

from

extract

it

things,although and called by are

termed

regimen

body

of several

become

the

tinge-

destroyedthat

so

saith

name,

from

cannot

tingeing spirit, ye

a

is,the

that

one

as

Seventy-SecondDictum.

Philosophus*

they

even

the

unless

tinge a body

to

is made

that

ye

the

in the natural

hidden

and

up

soul, which

until

and

tenuous

most

ing soul,which is belly. And know dies,and

body,

a

spirit,ye

tenuous

be withered

destroyed

are

not-bodies, and

[attain] that

!

sulphureous water

wanting

nature

bodies a

solid

unless a

Philosophonim.

this

described

For

by

Turba

; then

refers this dictum

the lead the ten to

Philotis.

I The

Turba

Philosophorum,

aforesaid shall appear of

in the

gold,with sericon,*which

201

ferment is

a

position com-

called

When by ten names. these things have been said, we nothing more by these names

all mean

than

Albar

of copper,

because

it

tinges

body which has entered into the fold composition. But compositionis twois humid, the other is dry. one When they are cooked prudentlythey become and called the good are one, when But it thingof several names.

every

"

Ferment

Gold

of

Beak.

red

while

But

lead

of copper,

is one

Sericon

Rulandus, but of

t

Sandyx

remains

Behold

of the

Berthelot and

it

of

names

orpicrude

bars

and

I have

re-

Minium, accordingto

explainsthat

it

was

bination com-

a

Sinopis.

alchemical writers define Gold

Later of the

matter

M.

red

it is called

metal.

Coral,f

It is also called

I

sulphur and

ment.

plates of

of

Gold

Gold,

of the

redundant

*

of Gold,

red it is called Flower

becomes

it has

Philosopherswhen

of Coral

become

the

as

fixed

a

ihe red stage.

I The

of significance

inscrutable, but rostrum

or

rostellum

is

this

phrase is,of

there

of the alembic

any ?

course,

reference

to

fectly per-

the

The

202

vealed also

its

Turha

when

names

behoves

its

the

days,*and

thereof

fire,and

this

possess

unto

himself,t

who

and

but

without

"

Greek,

favourable

in

the

common

with

See

"a

out

flame,

Experiment intermediate

which

is

the

concerning

all other certain

lead

But

Now,

necessity for

moment."

and

these kinds. in

most

is made

are

copper,

to

therefore,

seen,

flame.

arcanum.

recognised a

of

secure

in this

cinder, coals

grades between whole

from

is closed

One

there

that

lead

freed

which

of fire.

and

is

be

I have

of straw

shows

of

belong

may

deficient

are

kinds

one

the numbers

book

way

precious art. many

the

you

that he shall remain

in that middle

those

to

of intensity diversity grade, so that he who

shall

so

It

the

in every

poverty,

Let

over.

exhibit

to

the

cooked.

pondered

now

quantityof

been

be

me

which

raw,

distinguishfrom

it has

therefore

it

it is

when

names

should

we

Philosophorum,

alchemists, have

lapse of

Olympiodorus

On

time

and

the Sacred

Art.

t Compare

qui

8UU8

esse

the motto

potest.

of

Paracelsus

:

Alterius

non

sit

Ttirha

The

204

only

needful

PJiilosophorum.

do

to

so

therefore, to know

Wishing,

once.

certitude

the

of the

Democritus"^ adversary,consider what he saith, how begins speaking from bottom to top, then reversing matters he proceeds from top to bottom. For, he

said

:

Take

for copper,

for

which

And

:

says

iron,lead, and

our

in

the

from

reversing,he

again

for coins, lead

copper

gold of coral, and coral for gold of crocus. Again, he begins second place, when for

gold, gold

gold of

albart

the top

the

to

bottom, he saith

Take

gold, coin,

copper,

iron ;

he

therefore, by

shews,

sayings that into *

Democritus

at

at

was

forbidden

t

to

of oriental

explanation

Absumech, Halsut, Carmen.

now

of

a

is taken.

changed

and

copper,

to

seems

his

not

of

beginning

conclusion

the be

symposium

assembly is quoted in

as

which

an

he

participate.

It will be well

mostly no

the

lead

the

effectually silenced, and enemy

gold is

doubt without

rust

lead, and

only semi-gold

without

And

:

in this

place to

origin,occurring in

can

Ebmich,

Albar, and

at

present

be

the

curious

use

Turba

found.

Corsufle, Mucra, the

the terms,

enumerate

for which

They

Murtal, of the

are:

Geldum,

Latin

word

The

and

Turha

it be

unless

known

by

it

turned

is

Philosoplwrum, imbued

with

205

vinegar

the wise, until,being cooked, into

redness.

therefore, is the redness

This,

which

all the

ever Philosophers signified,because, howit they said : Take gold and becomes gold of coral ; Take gold of coral and it becomes purple gold all of those these things are only names "

for

colours,

it

behoves in

vinegar be placed colours

things

which

it,because

these

But

become

may

imposed

various

said

colours

that

each

days,

rubigo

that

so

it.

on

appear,

and forces. that

once,

then

and

it is

be

it may

appear. citrine

Its first mucra,

the

until

grade

in

forty

desiccated,

its

becomes

second

the

necessary

water

vessel, it is cooked

it

vinegar

when

For

decocted

be

they

names,

being consumed; and placed being imbued

the

have

Philosophers

taken, therefore,

is

these

by

signified stronger bodies

have

is

that

it.

the

under

mentioned

It

from

come

them

as

finally in

the

utility as

a

red, the

2o6

third

as

The

Turba

the

dry pounded is it imposed

So

vulgar.

Philosophorum, of the

crocus

coin.

upon

Conclusion*

saith

Agmon

by

of

way

does

not

:

I will add

the

following

corollary. Whosoever liquefy and coagulate errs a

greatly. Therefore,

make

the

black ; separate the soul and whiten

thereof, afterwards ye

find what

that whoso

ye

be called

concerning

stone,

is,we

Sons

of the

thereof, shall the same,

and

then even

doubt

not,

when

is omitted

The

become

never

constitutes

This

the

it is

from

the

for the

corrupted,

placed If you

Dictum

our

strength

dissolved last

of

enough

Doctrine.

dissolve, it shall be

recension, and

world.

the revelation

fire,shall be increased.

This

you

consuming fire,deserves happy, and shall be exalted

much

"

unto

also fixes

sword, who

the circle of the

above

but

I say

with

the whole to

shall

so

;

fire,tillit becomes

naked

a

the water

earth black

makes

dissolves with like unto

seek.

earth

in

in the

seek to ; the

longer version.

but

if

second

The

Turba

would

you

Philosophormn.

Behold, and

by

spirit, soul,

white, and

volatile,

yet

no

with

impunity

wish

that

say

that

if you

falsely. the

nothing

is

Do

not

it is

that

is

alien

place thereof,

multiplied,

so

deceived,

many

that

the

is

it

be

If

add the

would

rest

which

Investigate

added.

the

by

but unto

;

speak

deceived

thing,

and

you

truth

you

names,

one

tongue

the

water,

then of

not

it flies ; if you

speak

you

Unless

foreign.

wisdom.

fly,

it is not

multiplicity

assured

the

that

and

surface.

its

it should

be, it is

body;

apply

to

it is

hairless, cold,

can

it is water,

say

and

are

yet

if need

concave,

one

it,

There

stone

a

lated. coagu-

without

it, and

to

It is also

stone,

be

it !

need

only, while,

one

concealed. a

is

one

given

names

called

no

do

all

yet

many

it shall

coagulate,

207

nothing names

that were

vulgar might deride

be our

INDEX.

Death,

22.

Democrinis, Dew,

13, 14,

122.

17B.

Dragon,

Earth.

B-13,so, zi, 27.

.BHU^TUli

XX7" X2X" 167, X9K.

xaob maXjOb

OOx,

;

41^25-27.

X15-I37*

i55-

44. 45. 49, 145-

CMnbar,

351, 161.

70, 139,

"rfCHiiH-.Ti^iSi.

Citrine, 97.

-arGaU,3K.x"3.

Coagola,

z6x.

Coin, ^.

30,41,7a,

74,

Sa, loo, 113,

I3fi.

Copper, 2B, 32, 90, 33, 94, 114, 117,

44,

302,

6s, 75, B6, B7, 3C53, 105,

12a, 122, 132,

io5,

:s5. 125,

13S, 14a, 155, 169, 155. Corsirfie,99, CrocnBjSi.

loo,

106, 1^7,

(iadenbe,

39.

joid, 57, 60, 61, 62, 90, 11:5, 113, 15;.

J44;

goa

e"i

S3.

34.

^

^

210

Golden

Water,

Greenstone, Gum,

67.

61-63

; of

ascotia,

log

; of

Hermes,

Sun,

84, 85, 93,

68.

i, 2, 54,

117,

Glory, 67.

Ixir, 78,

100,

162.

191.

121,

126, 130.

122,

71, 145, 169, 185.

48, 55,

34,

Rubigo,

54, 55, 57,

100,

60, 72, 81, 82,

; red

161

lead, 60,

Magnesia,

38, 39.

112,

132,

Magnet,

42,

and

Male

146

137.

133.

145,

;

Mercury,

193.

57,

130,

132.

119,

31.

193. of

Smoke,

58,

Spirit

of

60, 77, 79,

of

44,

122,

Sun,

144.

the

67. Moon,

43,

44,

67,

45,

69, 91, 93, 109,

114

34,

36,

46. 52. 57, 87,

39.

137.

69.

Fig, 63. 76, 160, 205.

Tin,

163.

79, 80, 132,

146.

121.

Tincture,

Tyrian Orpiment,

57, 139.

;

gold, 125.

Sulphur,

196.

70, 76.

168, 174.

145,

Stone,

Metals,

of Brass,

Spume

Testa,

Nitre,

107,

Shadow

186.

Female,

152,

Mucra,

"8,

'7"7,^^, 79-

Marteck,

of

T7,

106, 123, 130, 143.

160, 164, 170.

Saginatum,

body of, 34, 84,

89. 96, 135. 180.

Milk

61.

Saturn,

71.

58, 59. 82,

93,

of Gold, 31.

Leaven

145.

133.

143,

Rust, 52,

Lead,

139.

135-137.

Slave, 96.

Rotundum,

Art, 25.

79, 80, 82,

34, 35, 52, 53,

90, 91, 104, Red

Kuhul,

117.

193.

Redness,

of the

"

119,122,133.

Quicksilver, 36, 76, 77,

Hidden

Key

107,

94,

45

Putrefaction, 76, 165.

194.

of the

Heart

34, 39"

31,

64-66, 76, 82,

49,

scoria, 44.

Halsut,

Water,

Permanent

134.

28, 35, 86,

Dye,

184.

47-50,

141.

74,

90, 92, 131,