A(Index list of IRC Standards).pdf

LIBRARY & DOCUMENTATION CENTRE ECC DIVISION -CHENNAI STANDARDS SPECIFICATION DATABASE

INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS (IRC) >

LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED - ECC GROUP LIBRARY & DOCUMENTATION CENTRE, MADRAS 1

IRC: 2 - 1968 Route Marker Signs for National Highways (First Revision)

2

IRC: 3 - 1983 Dimensions and Weights of Road Design Vehicles.

3

IRC: 5 - 1998 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section I General Features of Design (Seventh Revision)

4

IRC: 6 - 1966 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges. Section II - Loads & Stresses.

5

IRC: 7 - 1971 Recommended Practice for Numbering Bridges & Culverts. (First Revision)

6

IRC: 8 - 1980 Type Designs for Highway Kilometre Stones.(Second Revision)

7

IRC: 9 - 1972 Traffic Census on Non-Urban Roads (First Revision)

8

IRC: 10 - 1961 Recommended Practice for Borrowpits for Road Embankments Constructed By Manual Operation.

9

IRC: 11 - 1962 Recommended Practice for the Design and Layout of Cycle Tracks

10

IRC: 12 - 1983 Recommended Practice for Location and Layout of Roadside Motor-Fuel Filling and Motor – Fuel Filling – cm – Service Stations (Second Revision)

11

IRC: 14 - 1977 Recommended Practice for 2 Cm Thick Bitumen and Tar Carpets (Second Revision)

12

IRC: 15 - 1981 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Construction of Concrete Roads.(Second Revision)

13

IRC: 16 - 1989 Specification for Priming of Base Course With Bituminous Primers (First Revision)

14

IRC: 17 - 1965 Tentative Specification for Single Coat Bituminous Surface Dressing (First Reprint)

15

IRC: 18 - 2000 Design Criteria for Prestressed Concrete Road Bridges (Post – Tensioned Concrete) (Third Revision)

16

IRC: 19 - 1977 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Water Bound Macadam (Second Revision)

17

IRC: 20 - 1966 Recommended Practice for Bituminous Penetration Macadam (Full Grout)

18

IRC: 21 - 2000 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section : III Cement Concrete (Plain and Reinforced) (Third Revision)

19

IRC: 22 - 1986 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section VI Composite Contruction (First Revision)

20

IRC: 23 - 1966 Tentative Specification for Two Coat Bituminous Surface Dressing

21

IRC: 24 - 1967 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section V Steel Road Bridges

22

IRC: 25 - 1967 Type Designs for Boundry Stones

23

IRC: 26 - 1967 Type Design for 200-Metre Stones

24

IRC: 27 - 1967 Tentative Specification for Bituminous Macadam (Base & Binder Course)

25

IRC: 28 - 1967 Tentative Specifications for the Construction of Stabilized Soil Roads With Soft Aggregate in Areas of Moderate and High Rainfall

26

IRC: 29 - 1988 Specification for Bituminous Concrete (asphaltic Concrete) for Road Pavement (First Revision)

27

IRC: 30 - 1968 Standard Letters and Numerals of Different Heights for use on Highway Signs

28

IRC: 31 - 1969 Route Marker Signs for State Routes

29

IRC: 32 - 1969 Standard for Vertical and Horizontal Clearances of Overhead Electric Power and Telecommunication Lines as Related To Roads

30

IRC: 33 - 1969 Standard Procedure for Evaluation and Condition Surveys of Stabilised Soil Roads (First Reprint)

31

IRC: 34 - 1970 Recommendations for Road Construction in Waterlogged Areas

32

IRC: 35 - 1997 Code of Practice for Road Markings (with Paints) (First Revision)

33

IRC: 36 - 1970 Recommended Practice for the Construction of Earth Embankments for Road Works

34

IRC: 37 - 1984 Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavements (First Revision)

35

IRC: 38 - 1988

Guidelines for Design of Horizontal Curves for Highways and Design Tables 36

IRC: 39 - 1986 Standards for Road-Rail Level Crossings (First Revision)

37

IRC: 40 - 1995 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section IV (Brick, Stone and Cement Concrete Block Masonry ) (First Revision)

38

IRC: 41 - 1997 Guidelines for Type Designs for Check Barriers (First Revision)

39

IRC: 42 - 1972 Proforma for Record of Test Values of Locally Available Pavement Construction Materials

40

IRC: 43 - 1961 Recommended Practice for Tools, Equipment and Appliances for Concrete Pavement Construction

41

IRC: 44 - 1976 Tentative Guidelines for Cement Concrete Mix Design for Pavements (for Non-Air Entrained and Continuously Graded Concrete) (First Revision)

42

IRC: 45 - 1972 Recommendations for Estimating the Resistance of Soil Below the Maximum Scour Level in the Design of Well Foundations of Bridges

43

IRC: 46 - 1972 A Policy on Roadside Advertisements (First Revision)

44

IRC: 47 - 1972 Tentative Specification for Built-up Spray Grout

45

IRC: 48 - 1972 Tentative Specification for Bituminous Surface Dressing using Precoated Aggregates

46

IRC: 49 - 1973 Recommended Practice for the Pulverization of Black Cotton Soils for Lime Stabilisation

47

IRC: 50 - 1973 Recommended Design Criteria for the use of Cement-Modified Soil in Road Construction (First Reprint)

48

IRC: 51 - 1992 Guidelines for the use of Soil-Lime Mixes in Road Construction (First Revision)

49

IRC: 52 - 1981 Recommendations About the Alignment Survey and Geometric Design of Hill Roads (First Revision)

50

IRC: 53 - 1982 Road Accident forms A-1 and 4

51

IRC: 54 - 1974 Lateral and Vertical Clearances At Underpasses for Vehicular Traffic

52

IRC: 55 - 1974 Recommended Practice for Sand-Bitumen Base Courses

53

IRC: 56 - 1974 Recommended Practice for Treatment of Embankment Slopes for Erosion Control

54

IRC: 57 - 1974 Recommended Practice for Sealing of Joints in Concrete Pavements

55

IRC: 58 - 1988 Guidelines for the Design of Rigid Pavements for Highways (First Revision)

56

IRC: 59 - 1976 Tentative Guidelines for Design of Gap Graded Cement Concrete Mixes for Road Pavements

57

IRC: 60 - 1976 Tentative Guidelines for the use of Lime-Fly ash Concrete as Pavement Base or Sub-Base

58

IRC: 61 - 1976 Tentative Guidelines for Construction of Cement Concrete Pavements in Hot Weather

59

IRC: 62 - 1976 Guidelines for Control of Access on Highways

60

IRC: 63 - 1976 Tentative Guidelines for the use of Low Grade Aggregates and Soil Aggregate Mixtures in Road Pavement Construction

61

IRC: 64 - 1990 Guidelines for Capacity of Roads in Rural Areas (First Revision)

62

IRC: 65 - 1976 Recommended Practice for Traffic Rotaries

63

IRC: 66 - 1976 Recommended Practice for Sight Distance on Rural Highways

64

IRC: 67 - 1977 Code of Practice for Road Signs

65

IRC: 68 - 1976 Tentative Guidelines on Cement-Fly ash Concrete for Rigid Pavement Construction

66

IRC: 69 - 1977 Space Roads in Standards for Urban Areas

67

IRC: 70 - 1977 Guidelines on Regulation and Control of Mixed Traffic in Urban Areas

68

IRC: 71 - 1977 Recommended Preparation Practice for of Notations

69

IRC: 72 - 1978 Recommended Practice for use and Upkeep of Equipment, Tools and Appliances for Bituminous Pavement Construction

70

IRC: 73 - 1980 Geometric Design Standards for Rural (Non-Urban)Highways

71

IRC: 74 - 1979 Tentative Guidelines for Lean-Cement Concrete and Lean CementFly ash Concrete as A Pavement Base or Sub-Base

72

IRC: 75 - 1979 Guidelines for the Design of High Embankments

73

IRC: 76 - 1979 Tentative Guidelines for Structural Strength Evaluation of Rigid Airfield Pavements

74

IRC: 77 - 1979 Tentative Guidelines for Repair of Concrete Pavements using Synthetic Resins

75

IRC: 78 - 2000 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section : VII Foundations and Substructure (Second Revision)

76

IRC: 79 - 1981 Recommended Practice for Road Delineators

77

IRC: 80 - 1981 Type Designs for Pick-up Bus Stops on Rural (i.e. Non-Urban) Highways

78

IRC: 81 - 1997 Guidelines for Strengthening of Flexible Road Pavements using Benkelman Beam Deflection Technique (First Revision)

79

IRC: 82 - 1982 Code of Practice for Maintenance of Bituminous Surfaces of Highways

80

IRC: 83 - (Part-I)-1999 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section : IX Bearings Part I : Metallic Bearings (First Revision)

81

IRC: 83 - (Part-II)-1987 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section : IX Bearings Part II: Elastomeric Bearings

82

IRC: 84 - 1983 Code of Practice for Curing of Cement Concrete Pavements

83

IRC: 85 - 1983 Recommended Practice for Accelerated Strength Testing and Evaluation of Concrete for Road and Airfield Constructions

84

IRC: 86 - 1983 Geometric Design Standards for Urban Roads in Plains

85

IRC: 87 - 1984 Guide Lines for the Design and Erection of Falsework for Road Bridges

86

IRC: 88 -1984 Recommended Practice for Lime Flyash Stabilised Soil Base/SubBase in Pavement Construction

87

IRC: 89 - 1997 Guidelines for Design and Construction of River Training and Control Works for Road Bridges (First Revision)

88

IRC: 90 - 1985 Guidelines for Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Bituminous Hot Mix Plant

89

IRC: 91 - 1985 Tentative Guidelines for Construction of Cement Concrete Pavements in Cold Weather

90

IRC: 92 - 1985 Guidelines for the Design of interchanges in Urban Areas

91

IRC: 93 - 1985 Guidelines on Design and installation of Road Traffic Signals

92

IRC: 94 - 1986 Specification or Design Bituminous Macadam

93

IRC: 95 - 1987 Specification for Semi-Dense Bituminous Concrete

94

IRC: 96 - 1987 Tentative Specification for Two-Coat Surface Dressing using Cationic Bitumen Emulsion

95

IRC: 97 - 1987 Tentative Specification for 20 mm Thick Premix Carpet using Cationic Bitumen Emulsion

96

IRC: 98 - 1997 Guidelines on Accommodation of utility Services on Roads in Urban Areas (First Revision)

97

IRC: 99 - 1988 Tentative Guidelines on the Provision of Speed Breakers for Control of Vehicular Speeds on Minor Roads

98

IRC: 100 - 1988 Tentative Specification for Single Coat Surface Dressing using Cationic Bitumen Emulsion

99

IRC: 101 - 1988 Guidelines for Design of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement With Elastic Joints

100

IRC: 102 - 1988 Traffic Studies Bypasses Towns for Planning Around

101

IRC: 103 - 1988 Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities

102

IRC: 104 - 1988 Guidelines for Environmental Impact assessment of Highway Projects

103

IRC: 105 - 1988 Tentative Specification for Bituminous Concrete (asphaltic Concrete) for Airfield Pavements

104

IRC: 106 - 1990 Guidelines for Capacity of Urban Roads in Plain Areas

105

IRC: 107 - 1992 Tentative Specifications for Bitumen Mastic Wearing Courses

106

IRC: 108 - 1996 Guidelines Prediction for Traffic on Rural Highways

107

IRC: 109 – 1997 Guidelines for Wet Mix Macadam

II.

IRC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

108

IRC : SP : 04 - 1965 Bridge Loadings Round the World

109

IRC : SP : 11 - 1988 Handbook of Quality Control for Construction of Roads and Runways

110

IRC : SP : 12 - 1988 Tentative Recommendations on the Provision of Parking Spaces for Urban Areas

111

IRC : SP : 13 Guidelines for the Design of Small Bridges and Culverts

112

IRC : SP : 14 - 1980 A Manual for the Application of the Critical Path Method to Highway Projects in India

113

IRC : SP : 15 - 1996 Ribbon Development along Highways and its Prevention

114

IRC : SP : 17 - 1977 Recommendations about overlays on Cement Concrete Pavements

115

IRC : SP : 18 - 1996 Manual for Highway Bridge Maintenance Inspection

116

IRC : SP 19 Manual for Survey,Investigation and Preparation of Road Projects

117

IRC : SP : 20 - 1997 Manual on Route Location, Design, Construction and Maintenance of Rural Roads (other District Roads and Village Roads)

118

IRC : SP : 22 - 1986 Recommendations for the Sizes for each type of Road Making Machinery to cater to the General Demand of Road Works

119

IRC : SP : 23 - 1989 Vertical Curves for Highways

120

IRC : SP : 24 - 1984 Guidelines on the Choice and Planning of Appropriate Technology in Road Construction

121

IRC : SP : 25 - 1984 Guidelines on Maintenance of Road Rollers

122

IRC : SP : 26 - 1984 Report Containing Recommendations of IRC Regional Workshops on Rural Road Development (With Supplementary Notes)

123

IRC : SP : 27 - 1984 Report Containing Recommendations of The IRC Regional Workshops On Highway Safety

124

IRC : SP : 28 - 1995 Road Transport and Energy (First Revision)

125

IRC : SP : 29 - 1994 Directory of Indigenous Manufacturers of Road Bridge Construction Machinery & Important Bridge Components (First Revision)

126

IRC : SP : 30 - 1993 Manual on Economic Evaluation of Highway Projects in India (First Revision)

127

IRC : SP : 31 New Traffic Signs

128

IRC : SP : 32 - 1988 Road Safety for Children (5-12 Years Old)

129

IRC : SP : 33 - 1989 Guidelines on Supplemental Measures for Design, Detailing and Durability of Important Bridge Structures

130

IRC : SP : 34 - 1989 General Guidelines about the Equipment for Bituminous Surface Dressing

131

IRC : SP : 35 - 1990 Guidelines for Inspection and Maintenance of Bridges

132

IRC : SP : 36 - 1991 Guidelines on format for IRC Standards

133

IRC : SP : 37 - 1991 Guidelines for Evaluation of Load Carrying Capacity of Bridges

134

IRC : SP : 38 - 1992 Manual for Road Investment Decision Model (with Floppy Disk)

135

IRC : SP : 39 - 1992 Guidelines on Bulk Bitumen Transportation & Strong Equipment

136

IRC : SP : 40 - 1993 Guidelines on Techniques for Strengthening and Rehabilitation of Bridges

137

IRC : SP : 41 - 1994 Guidelines on Design of At-Grade Intersections in Rural & Urban Areas

138

IRC : SP : 42 - 1994 Gudelines on Road Drainage

139

IRC : SP : 43 - 1994 Guidelines on Low - Cost Traffic Management Techniques for Urban Areas

140

IRC : SP : 44 - 1996 Highway Safety Code

141

IRC : SP : 45 - 1996 Time Series Data on Road Transport Passenger and Freight Movement (1951-1991)

142

IRC : Sp : 46 - 1997 Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete for Pavements

143

IRC : Sp : 47 - 1998 Guidelines on Quality Systems for Road Bridges

144

IRC : Sp : 48 - 1998 Hill Road Manual

145

IRC : SP : 49 - 1998 Guidelines for the use of Dry Lean Concrete as Sub-Base for Rigid Pavement

146

IRC : SP : 50 - 1999 Guidelines on Urban Drainage

147

IRC : SP : 51 - 1999 Guidelines for Load Testing of Bridges

148

IRC : SP : 52 - 1999 Bridge Inspector’s Reference Manual

149

IRC : SP : 53 - 1999 Tentative Guidelines on use of Polymer and Rubber Modified Bitumen in Road Construction

150

IRC : SP : 54 - 2000 Project Preparation Manual for Bridges

151

IRC : SP : 56 - 2000 Guidelines for Steel Pedestrian Bridges

III. MINISTRY OF SURFACE TRANSPORT PUBLICATIONS 152

MOST Manual for Maintenance of Roads.1989

153

MOST Road Development Plan for India (1981-2001),1984

154

MOST pocketbook for Bridges Engineers, 1984

155

MOST Pocketbook for Highway Engineer

156

MOST Handbook on Road Construction Machinery, 1985

157

MOST Specification for Road and Bridges Works, 1995 (Third Revision)

158

MOST Addendum to Technical Circulars & Directives on National Highways & Centrally Sponsored Road & Bridges Work , 1989

159

MOST Standard Plans for 3.0 m to 10.0 m Span Reinforced Cement Concrete Solid Slab Superstructure with and without Footpaths for Highways.1991

160

MOST Standard Plans for Highway Bridges R.C.C.T-beam & Slab Superstructure – Span from 10 m to 24 m with 12 m width , 1991

161

MOST Standard Plans for Highway Bridges PSC Girder and RC Slab Composite Superstructure for 30 m Span with and without Footpaths, 35 m Span with Footpaths and 40 m Span without Footpaths, 1991

162

MOST Standard Drawings for Road Bridges – R.C.C. Solid Slab Superstructure (15º & 30º SKEW) Span 4.0 m to 10.0 m (with and without Footpaths), 1992

163

MOST Type Designs for Intersections National Highways, 1992

164

MOST Standard Bidding Document Procurement of Civil Works, Part I: Complete Bidding Document, Part II: Forms

165

MOST Computer Aided Design System for High Embankment Problems, 1998

166

MOST Standard of Data Book for Analysis of Rates, 1993

167

MOST Addendum to Ministry’s Technical Circulars and Directives on National Highways and Centrally Sponsored Road & Bridge Projects (Aug. 88 to Dec. 92),1993

168

MOST Standard Drawing for Road Bridges R.C.C. Solid Slab Superstructure (22.5º SKEW) R.E. Span 4M to 10M (With and Without Footpath),1996

169

MOST Addendum to Ministry’s Technical Circulars and Directives on National Highways and Centrally Sponsored Road & Bridge Projects (Jan..93 to Dec.94),1996

170

Standard Plan for Highway Bridges – Prestressed Concrete Beam & RCC Slab Type Superstructure Volume-II

171

MOST Addendum to Technical Circulars & Directives on National Highways & Centrally Sponsored Road & Bridge Works Projects (Jan. 1995 to Dec. 1997)

172

Model Concession Agreement for Small Road Projects

173

MOST Standard Plans for Single, Double and Triple Cell Box Culverts with and without Earth Cushion

IV . IRC SEMINAR PUBLICATIONS 174

Proceedings (including Preliminary Publication) – Seminar on Construction of Roads in Hill Areas, Nainital. July 7-9, 1985

175

Proceedings – Seminar on Construction of Roads in Hill Areas, Nainital, July 7-9,1985

176

Preliminary Publication, - International Seminar on Road Safety, Srinagar, Sept. 17-18, 1986

177

Proceedings – International Seminar on Road Safety Srinagar, Sept. 17-18, 1986

178

Preliminary Publication – International Seminar on Rural Transporation, New Delhi, April 26-28,1989

179

Keynote Papers – International Seminar on Rural Transporation, New Delhi, April, 26-28,1989

180

Proceedings – Seminar on Modernisation of Highways, New Delhi, May 17-19, 1990

181

Proceedings – International Seminar on Expressways/High Speed Facilities in Developing Countries, Bangalore, June 13-16,1991

182

Technical Papers – Seminar on Modernisation of Highway Contracting Industry and Works Management, New Delhi. September, 20-21,1993

183

Keynote Papers – Seminar on Modernisation of Highway Contracting Industry and Works Management, New Delhi. September, 20-21,1993

184

Technical Papers – Seminar on Bituminous Roads: Design and Construction Aspects, New Delhi. August 25-26, 1994

185

Keynote Papers – Seminar on Bituminous Roads: Design and Construction Aspects, New Delhi, August 25-26, 1994

186

Technical Papers – Seminar on “Design, Construction & Maintenance of Hill Roads” Shimla, June 19-20, 1995

187

Technical Papers – Seminar on “Prospective Planning for Road Development in India” – Oct.7-8, 1996(Vol.I & II)

188

Technical Papers- International Seminar on “New Trends in Highway Construction”. New Delhi.13-14 November,1997

189

Proceedings Seminar on “Bituminous Roads. Design and Construction Aspects’.New Delhi, August.25-26,1994

190

Proceedings – Seminar on “Design, Construction and Maintenance of Hill Roads”, Shimla, 19-20, June,1995

191

Proceedings – Seminar on “Private Sector Participation in Highway Development”, New Delhi, 28-29 September, 1995

192

Proceedings – Seminar on “Persective Planning for Road Development in India, New Delhi, 7-8 October, 1996

193

Proceedings – Seminar on “Modernisation of Highway Contracting Industry And Works Management”. New Delhi. September, 20-21, 1993

194

Proceedings – International Seminar on “New Trends in Highway Construction, New Delhi,13-14 November,1997

195

Technical Papers – Internation Seminar on Highway Safety Management & Devices”, New Delhi, 6-7 November,1998

196

Proceedings – International Seminar on “Highway Safety Management & Devices”, New Delhi. 6-7 November, 1998

197

Technical Papers – International Seminar on “Highway Rehabilitation and Maintenance”. New Delhi, 12-13 November, 1999 – with Supplementary Papers

198

Proceedings- International Seminar on “Highway Rehabilitation and Maintenance”. New Delhi 12-13 Nov. 1999

199

Technical Papers – Seminar on Financing, Implementation and Operation of Highways in 21st Century, New Delhi 24-25 September, 2000

V. HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD PUBLICATIONS 200

HRB Special Report No. 1 “State of the Art: Lime-Soil Stabilization”. 2000

201

HRB Special Report No. 3 ”State of the Art: Compaction of Earthwork and Subgrades,1999

202

HRB Special Report No. 10,State of the Art: Behaviour of Concrete Under Sea-water and in Marine Environment,1989

203

HRB Special Report No. 11, State of the Art: Granular and Bound Bases and Sub-Bases, 1992

204

HRB Special Report No. 12, State of the Art: Application of Geotextiles in Highway Engineering, 1994

205

HRB Special Report No. 13, State of the Art: High Enbankment on Soft Ground, Part A- Stage Construction, 1994

206

HRB Special Report No. 14, State of the Art; High Enbankments on Soft Ground, Part B- Ground Improvement, 1994

207

HRB Special Report No. 15, 1996- State of the Art: Landslide Correction Techniques

208

HRB Special Report No. 16, 1996- State of the Art: Reinforced Soil Structures Applicable to Road Design & Construction

209

HRB Special Report No. 17, 1996- State of the Art: Non Destructive Testing Techniques of Concrete Bridges

210

HRB Special Report No. 18, 1996- State of the Art: Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Prestressed Concrete Bridges in Marine Environment

VI. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 211

Papers No.109 & 112, 1946- Standard Specifications & Code of Practice for Road Bridges. Sections I & II (with Explanatory Notes & Discussions)

212

Paper No.238, 1996- Consideration in the Design of Sinking of Well Foundations for Bridges Pirus (B. Balwant Rao & C. Muthuswamy)

213

Paper No.257, 1967- Construction of a Ghat Road from Bodinayakanur to Bodimettu by E.C. Chandrasekaran

214

Paper No. 278,1969- The Use of Restrained- Neoprene Bearings in Civil Engineering by J.W. Slottje & P.S. Gokhale

215

Paper No. 317, 1977- Experience in the Improvement and Modernization of Roads in Tamil Nadu by E.C. Chandrasekharan

216

Some Important Papers on Design, Construction and Maintenance of Hill Roads. 1985

217

Compendium of Highway Statistics, 1993

218

Paper for Panel Discussions on Consultancy in the Highway Sector, 1993

219

Paper for Panel Discussion on Urban Transportation with Emphasis on Urban Road Network, 1994

220

Roads in the Service of the Nation – An Account of IRC, 1994

221

Compendium of Panel Discussions (upto 1994)

222

Compendium of Papers on Problems, Distress and Rehabilitation of Bridges Vol. I & II

223

Directory of IRC Members

VII. SUBSCRIPTION RATES FOR PERIODICALS 224

Indian Highways (12 issues)

225

Indian Roads Congress Journal (4 issues)

226

Highway Research Bulletin (per issue)

227

Highway Research Record (per issue)