Ahmed Elmorsy

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ ﺛم أﻣﺎ ﺑﻌد‬.. ‫اﻟﺣﻣد ہﻠﻟ رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﯾن واﻟﺻﻼة واﻟﺳﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳول ﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﮭذا اﻟﻣﻠف ھو ﺗﻛﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻣﻠﺧص د ﺷرﯾف و ﯾﺣﺗوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌض اﻟﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻣﺎدة ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌض‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺔ أﯾﺿﺎ أرﺟو ﷲ أن ﯾﻧﻔﻌﻛم ﺑﮭﺎ وﯾرزﻗﻛم اﻟﻧﺟﺎح واﻟﺗوﻓﯾق‬ ‫ﻗﺑل أن أﺑدأ ﻓﻲ ﺳرد اﻟﻧﻘﺎط ﯾﺟب أوﻻ أن ﺗﻌرف ﻣﺎھﯾﺔ اﻹﻣﺗﺣﺎن وﺗﻘﺳﯾﻣﺔ اﻟدرﺟﺎت ﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﻌرف‬ ‫أھﻣﯾﺔ ﻛل ﻣﺎدة وﺗرﺗب ﻣذاﻛرﺗك ﺣﺳب اﻷوﻟوﯾﺎت‬ Operative

15

Endodontic

15

Diagnostic Sciences

10

Periodontics

10

Oral Surgery

10

Pediatric

10

Prosthodontics

15

Orthodontics

4

Basics

5

Others

6

The most important branches Steralizatin &Instruments

Operative

Cements ( types & components ) Filling materials ( composite& GI & amalgam ) and Causes of faliures Instruments ( files )&Pulp pathology

Endodontics

Trauma & Fractures

Periodontics

Plaque &Tooth burnishing Gingivitis & Periodontitis &Pockets Fluoride & Pits and fissures

Pediatric

Trauma & Pulp disease Anatomy ( TMJ & Musceles of mastication --- innervation and blood supply )

Surgery

Local anaesthesia &Instruments

‫‪Antes Law &Post and Core&Finishing line‬‬ ‫‪& Bridges & Impression material‬‬

‫‪Fixed Prosthodontics‬‬

‫‪Complains and its treatment‬‬ ‫‪Imprssion materials‬‬

‫‪Removable Prosthodontics‬‬

‫‪Components of Partial denture‬‬ ‫) ‪Clef ( types & appliances‬‬

‫ده ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟب أﻏﻠب اﻟدروس اﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﯾﺟﻲ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ اﻻﻣﺗﺣﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻣﺎدة وطﺑﻌﺎ اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺟدا ﻣﺗﻌﻠق ﺑﺎﻟﺷﻐل اﻟﻌﻣﻠﻲ ﻓﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻟو ھﺗراﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ أي درس ﻣﻧﮭم‬ ‫ﻓﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟك ﻣن اﻟﺣﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻌﻣﻠﻲ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻟو ﻛﺎﻧت ﺻﻐﯾرة و ﻛﻣﺎن ﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟك ﻣن ان أﺳﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺗﺣﺎن ﺑﺗﺑﻘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔس ﻣﺿﻣون أﺳﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت زي اﻟﺳﺎدس ﺑﻠس و د ﻋﺻﺎم و د‬ ‫اﺣﻣد ﻋوﻧﻲ ﻓﻣن وﺟﮭﺔ ﻧظري ان ﻟﻣﺎ ﺗﻛون ﻋﻧدك اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺔ وﺗﺣل ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ اﺣﺳن ﻣﺎﺗﺎﺧد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺔ ﻣن أﺳﺋﻠﺔ ﻷن اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ ﻛﺗﯾﯾﯾﯾﯾﯾﯾﯾﯾﯾر ﺟدا وھﺗﺗوه ﻓﻠﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺳﻣﮭﺎ وﺗذاﻛر ﻧظري‬ ‫اﻷول ﻣﻊ ﺟزء اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ ھﯾﻛون طﺑﻌﺎ اﺣﺳن واوﻓر ﻟﯾك ﻓﻲ اﻟوﻗت ‪ .......‬ﻋﺷﺎن ﻛده‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠت اﻟﻣﻠف ده ﺗﻛﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻣﻠف د‪.‬ﺷرﯾف وﻛﻣﺎن ﻧزﻟت ﺻور ﻛﺗﯾﯾﯾﯾر ھﺗﻔﯾدك ﺟدا وﻛﻣﺎن‬ ‫اﻋﺗﻣدت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺻﺎدر ﻣوﺛوﻗﺔ ﻋﺷﺎن ﺗﺑﻘﻰ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ان ﺷﺎء ﷲ ﻣﺿﻣوﻧﺔ ﻓﻠﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺗﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠف ﻣﺎﺗﻘوﻟش اﻧﮫ ﻛﺑﯾر اﻷﻓﺿل اﻧك ﺗراﺟﻌﮫ ﻛوﯾس ﺟدا ﻷﻧﮫ ھﯾوﻓرﻋﻠﯾك ﻛﺗﯾﯾﯾﯾﯾﯾﯾﯾر‬ ‫ﻗﺑل ﻣﺎﺗﺑدأ ﻓﻲ ﻣراﺟﻌﺔ اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﺻﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﻲ ﻟﺳﮫ ھﯾﺑدأ ﻣذاﻛرة اﻧﮫ ﯾﺑدأ ﺑﻣﻠف ﺷرﯾف واﻟﻣﻠف ده ﻛﻣذاﻛره وﯾطﺑق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﻣﺎدة ﻣن ﻣﻠف د ﻋوﻧﻲ ﺑﺟﺎﻧب ﻣذاﻛرﺗﮫ ﻣن اﻟﺳﺎدس وﻟﻣﺎ ﯾﺧﻠص ﯾﺄﻛد ﻋﺎﻟﻠﻲ‬ ‫ذاﻛره أول ﺑﺄول وﯾﺟﯾب ﻣﻠف د ﻋﺻﺎم و د ﺑﺎﺳل و د ﺗﻣﺎرا ‪ ..‬زي ﻣﺎﻗﻠت ﺑﺎﻟﺗرﺗﯾب‬ ‫ورﺑﻧﺎ ﯾوﻓق اﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ وﯾرزﻗﻛم اﻟﻧﺟﺎح واﻟﺗوﻓﯾق‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﻛﺎن ﻓﯾﮫ اﻟﺻواب ﻓﺑﻔﺿل ﷲ وان ﻛﺎن ﻓﯾﮫ أي ﺧطﺄ ﻓﻣﻧﻲ وﻣن اﻟﺷﯾطﺎن‪ ...‬أرﺟو‬ ‫ﷲ أن ﯾﻧﻔﻌﻛم ﺑﮫ وﯾﻧﻔﻊ ﺑﻛم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗوﻓﯾﯾﯾﯾق ان ﺷﺎء ﷲ‬ ‫د‪/‬أﺣﻣد ﻣﺣﻣد اﻟﻣرﺳﻲ‬

Anatomy

1. Inferior alveolar nerve. ( innervates the mandibular molars, premolars, canines and incisors 2. Superior alveolar nerve. ( innervates the maxillary molars by posterior superior alveolar nerve, innervates the maxillary premolars by middle superior alveolar nerve and Innervate the maxillary canines and incisors by anterior superior alveolar nerve)

3. Buccal branch of trigeminal is: Sensory. 4. Buccal branch of facial is: Motor 5. Tongue develops from: Mandibular arch & tuberculum impar. *****For tha ant. 2/3: lingual n. for the sensation & chorda tympani n. for the taste. *****For the post. 1/3: both taste & sensation by glossopharngeal n. 6. Glenoid fossa = Mandibular fossa The mandibular fossa: is a depression in the temporal bone. 7. Duct of submandibular gland is: ( Wharton ) 8. Duct of parotid gland ( Stensen ) 9. The mandibular foramen is situated at a level lower than the occlusal plane of the primary teeth, so the injection must be made slightly lower and more posteriorly than for an adult patient. 10. The mandibular foramen was located 4.12 mm. below the occlusal plane at the age of 3 years. It subsequently moved upward with age. By the age of 9 years, it had reached approximately the same level as the occlusal plane. The foramen continued to move upward to 4.16 mm. above the occlusal plane in the adult group. 11. Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve leaves the skull through: Foramen ovale. 12. Foramen ovale is in the following bone: sphenoid 13. The optic foramen canal is a part of:sphenoid bone 14. Optic nerve coming from which bone: sphenoid bone. 15. The inferior alveolar nerve is branch of: . Mandibular nerve 16. The following structures open into the middle meatus: Maxillary sinus.Anterior ethmoidal sinus. 17. (Maxillary sinus, anterior ethmoidal sinus and middle ethmoidal sinus). 18. Ligaments associated with TMJ: Tempromandibular. &Sphenomandibular. &Stylomandibular. 19. Location to give inferior alveolar nerve block the landmarks are: 20. pterygomandibular raphe.& cronoid notch.

21. Which cranial nerve that petrous part of temporal bone houses: Facial n VII. 22. Coronal suture is between:Frontal and parietal bones. 23. What is the name of first pharyngeal "branchial" arch: mandibular 24. The stomodeum is separated from the anterior end of the fore-gut by the buccopharyngeal membrane 25. Oral diaphragm consists mainly of:Mylohyoid muscle. 26. Main arterial supply in face is facial artery and superficial temporal artery 27. Mandible is the 1st bone calcified in skull but clavicles start first but in same embryological time 28. Mandible formed before frontal bone 29. Maxilla is formed: slightly after mandible. 30. Some bones are formed by endochondral ossification like long bone, flat bone by intramembranous ossification and some bones by endochondral and intramembranous ossification 31. Facial nerve supply: Buccinator muscle. 32. Muscles of facial expressions are all innervated by facial nerve 33. Upon giving a lower mandible anaesthesia, you notice the patient’s eye, cheek and corner of the lip are uncontrolled , what’s the reason :Paresthesia of the facial nerve.

34. While performing cranial nerve examination you notice that the patient is unable to raise his eyebrows, hold eyelids closed, symmetrically smile or evert his lower lip. This may indicate: Facial nerve problem 35. Mastoid process is a part of Temporal bone. 36. Palate consists of Palatine and maxillary bone 37. Hard palate consists of the following:Palatal maxillary process & Palatine bone. - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 Longus colli - 3 Axis - 2 Atlas - 1 : ‫ *ﻓﻘرات اﻟرﻗﺑﺔ‬.۳۸ prominens 39. Cartilaginous joints in the body affect bone growth

Tumors 1- Osteosarcoma

2- S.C.C

3- Condensing osteitis :-

4- Cementoblastoma

5- Compound odontoma

6- Complex odontoma

7- Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour

8- Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor

9- Pleomorphic adenoma

10- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Treatment :- Excision

11- Adenoid cystic carcinoma Treatment :- Excision with long follow up & radiotherapy

12-

Necrotizing-sialometaplasia

13-

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)

14-

Incisive canal cyst

15-

Cherbuism

16-

Sialolithiasis

17-

Epstein's pearl

18- Bohn's nodule

19-

Dental lamina of newborn

20-

Dens invaginatus

21-

Epulis fissure

22-

Ameloblastoma

23- O.K.C.

24-

Ranula

25-

Hypercementosis

26-

Erythema multiforme ulcerations within the mouth

27-

Candidosis associated with denture-induced stomatitis

28-

Denture Stomatitis

29-

Odontogenic myxoma

Syndromes 1- Cledocranial dysplasia

2- Gorlin-Goletz

3- Sjorgan

4-

paget

5- Treacher Collins

6- Reiter

7- Down

8- Addison

Surgery The palatal root of the maxillary first molar is most often dislodged into the maxillary sinus during an extraction procedure. 1. Factors that make impaction surgery more difficult: Distoangular position, thin follicle, narrow periodontal ligament and divergent curved roots. *** 2. Z-plasty is effective for narrow frenum attachments. But, Vestibuloplasty is often indicated for frenum attachments with wide base. 3. Cracked tooth syndrome is best diagnosed by?. Subjective symptoms and horizontal percussion 4. Pt. came after 24 months of tooth replantation which had ankylosis with no root resorption. It most likely to develop root resorption in: reduce greatly. 5. One of the primary considerations in the treatment of fractures of the jaw is: to obtain and maintain proper occlusion 6. Vazirani-akinosi technique: a closed mouth injection technique. Or Bercher’s technique. 7. When extracting all maxillary teeth the correct order is:) 87542163. 8. Patient complains from pain in TMJ. During examination you noticed that during opening of the mouth mandible is deviate to the right side with left extruded. Diagnosis is: Condylar displacement without reduction. 9. Pt. Presented to u complain of click during open and close. Thers is no facial asymmetry EXCEPT when opening. What is the diagnosis: - internal derangement with reduction.

10. What’s the best implant type allowing osseointegration: Root-form endosseous implant. 11. When resection the tip of root in apexectomy, the cut shoud be:Acut angle. 12. Amputation is also called : Radisectomy more roots.

Removal of one or

13. Hemisection: is the process of cutting a tooth with two roots in half. Each half tooth consists of half the crown ( top of the tooth ) and one root. 14. temprature that damage the bone during implant procedure: If temperature is raised in the bone to 47 C for more than 1 minute. 15. Bone cell will be damaged irreversibly causing excessive resorption and osseointegration failuire. 16. High mylohyoid crest in patient for complete denture, the surgeon must avoid vital structure which is: ( during preproesthetic surgery of mylohyoid ridge reduction Lingual nerve. * 17. Step deformity of the mandibular body fracture may due to: Upward pull of masseter and temporalis. 18. The most common type of biopsy used in oral cavity is:Incisional biopsy. Also called : traditional or conventional biopsy 19. The most commonly used suture for oral cavity is 3 - 0 black silk . Pt. came with fracture because of blow in the right side of his face. He has ecchymosis around the orbit in the right side only and subjunctional bleeding in the maxillary buccal vestible with limited mouth open what is ur diagnosis? zygomatic fracture

*Zygoma fracture: clinical flattening of the cheekbone prominence — paraesthesia in distribution area of infraorbital nerve — diplopia, restricted eye movements - subconjunctival haemorrhage - limited lateral excursions of mandibular movements - palpable step in infraorbital bony margin Moon face appearance is not present in: . Zygomatic complex. Open bite is seen in: bilateral condyle fracture After extraction a molar you found a hard tissue at the furcation like pearl . what is it; Enamel pearl The most common complication after extraction for diabetic Pt. is:Infection. Tooth with a fracture between the apical and the middle thirds, what's your management: RCT for the coronal part only. Transverse fracture of developing teeth in the mixed dentition can be managed by:Forced eruption. ‫ﺗﺑزﯾﻎ‬ Adult 20 years male with soft tissue & dental trauma reveals severe pain in soft tissues with loss of epithelial layers and anterior upper centrals are intruded the diagnosis is: Laceration with luxation.

local anaesthesia techniques

Gow-Gates techniques

Akinosi technique

Instruments

Ortho and Others

1- Functional appliances a-Tooth borne appliances (bionator & herbest ) b-Tissue borne appliance ( only Frankele ) 23456-

Most active appliances are fixed Frontal cephalogram :- asses facial symmetry Lateral cephalogram :- facial profile Cast analysis :- overjet and overbite Force of removable appliances tipping

Pathology

• Deficiency of vitamin C leads to: scurvy • Deficiency of vitamin K leads to:defect in blood clot • Deficiency of vitamin D leads to:rickets • Acute abscess is a pathological cavity filled with pus and lined by a pyogenic membrane. • Schick test is an intradermal test for determination of susceptibility to:Diphtheria hypersensitivity. • Streptococcus activity detected by:

Fermentation. ***

• The organism that rarely found in newborn mouth: streptococcus mutant. *** •

Causes of generalized lymphadenopathy: 1) Infection. 2) Hepatitis & AIDS ( HIV ). 3) Tuberculosis & 2ry syphilis. 4) Malignant: Leukaemia, Lymphoma & carcinoma. 5) Hyperthyroidism.

• Contraindication of gingivectomy: periodontal abscess. • Surgical interference with edentulous ridge for: good retention, stability and continuous uniform alveolar ridge. •

Pulp oedema: Interstitial pressure increased due to increased vascularity. • Which

most

common

salivary

gland

neoplasm:

Pleomorphic adenoma. * Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor of the major and minor salivary glands. • Ranula is associated with which salivary gland: sublingual gland. * Ranula is a similar cyst arising in the floor of mouth from the sublingual gland. Ranula can be treated by:Marsupialization. * Marsupialization can be performed before a definitive excision. * The usual treatment of ranula is marsupialization. * The preferred ttt. for recurrent or persistent ranula is excision of the ranula and sublingual gland. Solitary bone cyst management:curettage and close. • Which of the following spaces are bilaterally involved in Ludwig's angina?Submandibular + sublingual + submental. • Neoplasm that spread by lymphatic from the angle of the mouth reaches the: Submandibular Lymph nodes. ( and submental lymph nodes ). • Odontogenic infection can cause least complication: Cavernous sinus thrombosis • Cavernous sinus thrombosis not manifested as:. Syncope due to atrial obliteration.

• Cavernous sinus thrombosis: Patients present with eye exophthalmos, orbital swelling, neurologic signs and fever. • Hematoma is commonly produced by inserting the needle too far posteriorly into the pterygoid plexus of veins. Also, the maxillary artery me be perforated. • The most common odontogenic cysts in the jaws are: Radicular cyst. • Most commonly dentigerous cysts are associated with: Unerupted mandibular third molars. • Although dentigerous cysts may involve any tooth, the mandibular third molars are the most commonly affected. • Histopathologically, dentigerous cyst lining epithelium may be: Stratified squamous in type. • Thyroglossal duct cysts: May be found anywhere along the pathway of the embryonic thyroglossal duct. • Unilateral swelling and slowly progressing lesion on the left side of the mandible. This could be: Ossifying Fibroma. • Tooth germs of primary teeth arise from: Dental lamina. • Tooth germ = Tooth bud. • Also, tooth germs of permanent teeth arrise from dental lamina.

There are a number of possible causes of burning mouth syndrome, including: 1. damage to nerves that control pain and taste 2. hormonal changes 3. dry mouth, which can be caused by many medicines and disorders such as Sjögren’s syndrome or diabetes 4. nutritional deficiencies 5. oral candidiasis, a fungal infection in the mouth 6. acid reflux 7. poorly-fitting dentures or allergies to denture materials 8. anxiety and depression.

• In geriatric Pt., cementum on the root end will: .Become thicker and irregular. • Tobacco should be considered a risk factor when planning treatment for Pt. who require: a.Implants. b.Periodontal surgery. a. Oral surgery. b. Esthetic treatment

Operative 1. Esthetic restoration of teeth should be delayed for 2 weeks after the completion of tooth whitening ( bleaching ). 2. Best stress transfer under amalgam:with thick base layer. 3. Galvenic shock: it gradually disappears in a few days 4. Bonding agent for enamel we use: Unfilled resin. 5. We redo high copper amalgam restoration when we have: Amalgam with proximal marginal defect. 6. The divergence should be mesiodistally for an amalgam restoration: . if the remaining proximal marginal ridge only < 1.6mm. 7. After final inlay cementation and before complete setting of cement we should: Burnishing of peripheries of restoration for more adaptation 8. Porcelain, highly esthetic, anterior maxilla area, we choose: In ceram. 9. The highest strength in porcelain:ZR ( zircon ) reinforced in ceram. *** 10. Amalgam pain after restoration due to: Zinc containing alloy& Increases moisture sensitivity and causes expansion. *** 11. To increse retention of GIC u should use: 10% polyacrylic acid for 10 seconds. 12. For GIC, etching is more better to done by 10% polyacrylic acid for 10 seconds for enamel and dentin ( note: GIC contains polyacrylic acid ) 13.

For Composite, etching is more better to done by 37%

orthophosphoric or phosphoric acid for 20 seconds on enamel but for 10 seconds on dentin 14. When esthetic is important, posterior class I composite is done in : Class I without central contact. 15. Concentrating of acid used in etching porcelain veneer: 9.6 % hydrofluoric acid. 16. Which of the following characteristics of inlay wax is its major disadvantage High thermal expansion 17. As the gold content of a dental solder, decreases the:. Ultimate tensile strength decreases. 18. What is the proper cavity preparation for V-shaped cervical erosion lesion to be restored with glass ionomer cement: No mechanical preparation is necessary. *** ( no bevels in glass ionomer cement restorations ). a. Cervical groove, incisal bevel. composite restorations 19.

( make a bevel in

Retentive grooves:Prevent lateral displacement of restoration.

20. Preparation to small occlusal cavity to premolar the width of cavity is : 1/4 inter cuspal distance. *** ( for small or conservative cavities). 21. When polishing amalgam restoration:Avoid heat generation by using wet polishing paste.Wait for 24 hours. 22. Marginal deterioration of amalgam restoration should be due to: No enough bulk of dentine. Corrosion. Over carving. Improper manipulation of amalgam. 23.

The powder for GI cement contains: Sio2, Al2o3, caF. ***

24. Proximal caries should be opened when: Confined within enamel. Pass DE junction.Dentin laterally. 25. Which are the ways in which the proximal contacts can be checked?Use a shim stock and Use a dental floss 26. What is the cavo-surface angle of prep. for amalgam restoration:90 degree *** 27. To provide maximum strength of amalgam restoration the cavo-surface angles should:Approach 90 with outer surface. Be supported by sound dentine Be located in area free of occlusal stress. 28. When polishing the amalgam restoration:Avoid heat generation by using wet polishing paste. Wait 24 hours. 29. Silicate cement:First tooth colored restoration. % fluoride

It contains 15

30. Esthetics – cost – time consuming – difficulty of technique – the need to use cement (the weakest point in the cast gold restoration) – gold has high thermal conductivity. 31. The rationale for pit-and-fissure sealants in caries prevention is that they:Act as a barrier between the sealed sites and the oral environment. *** 32. * Dentin permeability:Bacterial toxins can pass through before the actual penetration of bacteria. ** 33. Increase with the increase of cavity preparation. Decrease when sclerotic dentin develops under a carious lesion. Decrease with smear layer 34. In class 5 composite restorations a layer of bonding agent is applied:Following removal of cement then cured. *** 35.

Composite for posterior teeth:

Hybrid + rough filler. ***

36. Most of dentine bonding material need conditioning time:15 sec. 37.

Time of curing of dentine:30 sec..

38.

Light curing time for simple shallow class III composite:20 sec.

39.

Cavity varnish should be applied at least inTwo layers.

In onlay, stopping of cusp is 1.5 - 2 mm .٤۰ 41. One week after filling of class II restoration, the Pt. presents with a complain of tenderness on mastication and bleeding from the gingiva. The dentist should initiallyCheck the contract area. 42. 43. 44.

Hydrogen peroxide is the ideal bleaching agent because: It bleaches effectively at natural ph. It bleaches faster than carbamide peroxide.

45. Protection for sensitive tissues can be incorporated into the hydrogen gel

Endodntics 1. False negative response of an electric pulp test given: After trauma. 2. some researchers suggest calculating the working length 1 mm. short of the radiographic apex with normal apical anatomy ***** , 1.5 mm. short with bone but no root resorption, ***** and 2 mm. short with bone and root resorption. 3. Which intracanal medicament causes protein coagulation: Formocresol. 4. To disinfect gutta percha: Chemical agents. 5. The easiest endo retreatment in:Weeping canals. 6. How can test crack tooth? ethyle dye test. 7. During endo pt. is complaining of pain with percussion what is the cause:over instrumentation. 8. After u did RCT to your pt. he came back to the clinic after few days with sever pain on biting, you did x-ray and it revealed that the RCT filling is very good, but u saw radiopaque, thin ( film like ) spot on the lateral border of the root what is the most probable diagnosis? Vertical root canal fracture. 9.

Root end resection, what is the conditioning: . cetric acid.

10. EPOXY RESIN: ( Endo sealer ) A. contains formaldehyde toxic. B. contains corticosteroids. C. resorbable so it weakens the endofill 11. Single rooted anterior tooth has endodontic treatment is best treated by: Casted post and core.

12.

Post fracture decreases with: casted post.

13. During post removal the first thing to do is:Remove all the old restoration, undermined enamel & caries. 14. For root canal treated tooth u choose to put post & amalgam this depends on: remaining coronal structure 15.

Post length increasing will: increase retention.

16.

For post preparation we should leave …5…mm of GP

17.

In post and core preparation must:

a-Extend to contrabevel. b-Take shape of preparation abutment. 18. After RCT, for insertion of post dowel: Insert it without pressure but with retention. 19.

Post retention depends on:

a-Post length.

b-Post diameter. c-Post texture.

20. During instrumentation, sudden disappear of root canal due to:Bifurcation of main canal. 21. Hyperemia results in: Pain of short duration. pain increased with cold .reverible condition 22. Rubber dam is contraindicated in: nose. 23.

Pt. with obstructive

AH26 is root canal sealer consists of: Epoxy resin.

24. Which of the following may be used to disinfect gutta percha points:Chemical solutions. ( Naocl ).

25. The primary GP points selected should be sterilized with Naocl, H2O2 or Chlorhexidine 26. Microbial virulent produced by root bacteria is collagenase from spirochete. 27. Bacteria in endodontic pathosis mostly is:Porphyromonas endodontalis obligate anaerobic 28.

Bacteria in root canal pathosis: Mixed anaerobe and aerobe.

29.

Chronic suppurative periodontitis:Fistula with drain.

30.

Acute periodontal abscess:Swelling enlargement in tooth site.

31.

Extra canal if present in mandibular incisor will be: Lingual.

32. The most important reasons for breaking ni ti files is cyclic fatigue and torsional stress. 33. Acute periapical cyst and acute periodontal cyst are differentiated by:Vitality test. 34.

Acute periapical abscess associated with:Swelling.

35.

Palatal canal in upper molars is curved:Buccally.

36.

Least effective irrigant against E-feacialis :- Tetracycline

37.

Crown root perforation respond to MTA

38.

Most perforation in lower 6 is in mesial surface

39.

Resection the tip of root in Apicectomy should be Acute angle

40. If intraosseous anaethesia is planned for tt. Of endo pathosis – Perforate mesial bone to do anaesthesia

41. Post graduated student use MTA – prognosis depend on prevention :- Disturbance during closure of wound 42.

Pro-taper system = Crown doen tech.

43. In tt. of non vital tooth with open apex used Gates Gildden bur u should take care to Remove minimal dentin 44. Non odontogenic lesion similar to Endo. Lesion – initial stage of cemental dysplasia 45.

Continuous condensation = Vertical condensation

46. The best way to remove silver point .. Stiglitz pliers (Henry schein ) 47.

Tracing of GP .. Source of periapical pathosis

48.

CMCP …. 35% Phenol concentration

49. Dental student using thermoplastizied GP—Extrusion of GP from canal 50. Osteogenesis during Endo. surgery aimed to prevent Fibrous in growth 51. Bacteria in endodontic pathosis Porphyromones endo. obligates anaerobic 52. In periapical abscess ( varying degree of pain , swelling and some time not shown on the radiograoh ) External resorption caused by :a- excessive orthodontic forces b-periradicular inflammation c- Dental trauma e-Impacted tooth Treatment :- Immidiate R.C. treatment with Ca(OH) paste

53. Internal rsorption treated by :- Complete extription of pulp to arrest the resorption process 54.

EDTA removes calcified tissue

55. When u do R.C.T. and u want to give antibiotic :- first choice is Penicillin and we give metronidazole with it in difficult cases >>>>>> second choice is Clindamycin and also we give it if there is Penicillin allergy 56.

Tooth Discoloration :-

Gray ( Blue – Red ) :- Pulp necrosis Yellowish :- Pulp canal obliteration or pulp stone Red :- After luxation injury or Haemorrhage Dark :- Necrosis

Pediatric 1. Pedo use rubber dam for:. Improve visibility and access.&. Lowers risk of swallowing..The 2. Flouride amount in water should be: 1 - 2 mg/liter. *** 3. For children considered to be at high risk of caries and who live in areas with water supplies containing less than 0.3 ppm: 0.25 g. F per day age 6 months to 3 yrs. 0.5 mg. F per day from 3 - 6 yrs. 1 mg. F per day more than 6 yrs. 4. If the intruded primary incisor is contanting the permenant tooth bud, the primary tooth should be extracted. 5. 6 years old patient received trauma in his maxillary primary incisor, the tooth is intruded. The permanent incisors are expected to have: Yellowish or whitish discoloration with hypoplasia. ** 6. 20 years old pt. have avulsed tooth for 60 min. the management to return vascularity of the tooth:Place it in sodium chloride then sodium sulfide. 7. Two weeks baby born with 2 anterior teeth which is highly mobile, and his mother have no problem or discomfort during nursing him what is ur managemnt: U must extract as soon as possible to avoid accident inhalation of them. *** 8. Distal step: Mandibular terminal plane is distal to Maxillary terminal plane.

9. Mesial step: Mandibular terminal plane is mesial to Maxillary terminal plane. 10. A patient that had a class II amalgam restoration, next day he returns complaining of discomfort at the site of the restoration, radiographically an overhanging amalgam is present. This is due to: Improper wedging. *** 11. * Iodoform, ca(oh)2 and ZOE are root canal materials forthe primary teeth but iodoform and ca(oh)2 are more better than ZOE. 12. Trauma caused fracture of the root at junction between middle and cervical thirds:Splint the two parts together. 13. In primary teeth, pathologic changes in radiographs are always seen in: Furcation area. ‫ﻣﻔﺗرق اﻟﺟذور‬ 14. After trauma a tooth becomes yellowish in color, this is due to: Hemorrhage in the pulp. 15. Hand over mouth technique is used in management of which child: hysterical 16. The most prevalent primary molar relationshi: Flush terminal plane. 17. In primary teeth. The ideal occlusal scheme is: Mesial step. 18. In case of traumatic intrusion of young permanent incisor, the treatment of choice is: Only antibiotic prescription and wait for eruption. 19. Best treatment of choice for carious exposure of a primary molar in a 3 years old child who complains of toothache during and after food taking: Formocresol pulpotomy. 20. Child came to u with gray discolouration of the deciduous incisor also on radiographic exam, there is dilation of follicle of the permanent successor what will u do: .Observe over time.

Pits and fissure

Crown 1 The best method for core build up is: Amalgam. 2 silane coupling agent: used with porcelain to enhance wetability of bonding. 3 When porcelain is fired too many times it appears as a milky state and makes glazing is very difficult. 4 Testing a tooth with porcelain fused to metal with:) Cold with rubber dam. 5 Most common cause of chipped porcelain in PFM:Centric occlusal contact at the junction of porcelain and metal. 6 The forces action through a FPD on to the abutment tooth should be directed:- Parallel to the long axes of the teeth.&By decreasing the facio-lingual dimension of the pontic. 7 In mean of compressive strength and tensile strength which is strongest: resin cement. *** 8 Indication of shoulder finish line : metal ceramic crown & complete ceramic crown 9 We put the pin very close to line angle because this area: Great bulk of dentin. *** 10 Pt. has bad oral hygiene and missing the right and left lateral incisors what ttt.: Maryland bridge. *** 11 In FPD in upper posterior teeth we should have gingival embrasure space to have healthy gingival so the contact: In the middle. *** 12 To select shade of porcelain: Before preparation.& Wet tooth.& Shade guide must be wet.

13 Cement producing mechanicl bond with gold alloy:.Zinc phosphate cement. 14 Zinc polycarboxylate cement is better than zinc phosphate cement in:Adhesion to enamel. ( Biological compatability ). 15 Open margin in crown could be due to: a- proximal contact. b- Failure to demargination of wax. c- Die spacer in the margin 16 To create space for cement: Die space. & Increase investment expansion ).. 17 Patient with sensitivity may be due to: crack. 18 In soldering PFM FPD, greenish staining on porcelain without effect glazing this staining due to: over heating firing. ( leading to silver releases from metal ). 19 During try in and rocking FPD, what will do: Adjust metal and disconnect and soldering. 20 Cause of fracture porcelain bonding to metal:. Occlusion on junction of porcelain and metal. 21 Most acceptable theory of bonding porcelain and noble metal: formation of base metal oxide. 22 Metal-ceramic restorations may fail due to fracture of ceramic material. This can best be avoided if: The casting is designed to reduce stress concentration in the ceramic material. 23 The most frequent cause of failure of a cast crown restoration is: Lack of attention to tooth shape, position, and contacts.

24 An anterior fixed partial denture is contraindicated when:There is considerable resorption of the residual ridges. 25 During 3/4 crown preparation on premolar, bur used to add retentive grooves is: Tapered fissure. 26 During post insertion examination of a 3 unit ceramometal fixed partial denture. One of the retainers showed chipping of porcelain at the ceramometal junction. In order to avoid the problem the dentist must Keep porcelain metal junction away from centric contact 27 The incisal reduction for a metal ceramic restoration should be: 2 mm. 28 The occlusal reduction for an all metal veneer crown should: Follow the occlusal morphology with a clearance rating from 1 to 1.5 mm. with the opposing dentition. 29 Gingival retraction is done:To temporarily expose the finish margin of a preparation. 30 To accurately record the finish margin of a portion of uncut tooth surface apical to the margin in the final impression.By various methods but the most common one is the use of retraction cord. 31 Regarding tissue retraction around tooth:Short duration of retraction of gingival margin during preparation of finishing line. 32 Retraction of gingival margin can be done by many ways one of them is retraction cord. 33 In full gold crown, to prevent future gingival recession:Make the tooth form gold at gingival one third 34 Noble alloy ( Gold – platinum – palladium ) & silver semi precious

a- in general oxidize on casting b- if oxidation can not be controlled repeated firing , porcelain color may contaminated and bond strength become weak 35 Base alloy or Non precious ( Nickel , chromium ) it oxidize at high temperature >>> problems in oxidation

Prosthesis • Material which used for flasking complete denture: plaster • Ring liner is used as a lining in a casting to: a- Insulate against the thermal conductivity. b- Allow for expansion of the investment. c- Prevent fracture of the investment during heating. d- Facilitate removal of the investment after casting. • Wax patterns should be invested soon because:The wax has memory and begins to distort. • Heating gypsum casting investments above 1300°F ( = 700° C ) in the presence of carbon results in: Sulfur gases being released. ( and blacking of cast ).  1300°F = 700°C. • Presence of carbon in gypsum investment causes increasing strength of gypsum. • In articulator, incisal guidance represents :- Equivalent of horizontal and vertical overlap. ( of anterior teeth ). Knife ridge should be ttt. with: / maximum coverage of flange. •

In fixed Partial denture u use GIC for cemntation what best to do:do not varnish because it affects adhesion. ***

• Placement of maxillary anterior teeth in complete dentures too far from superiorly and anteriorly may result in difficulty in pronouncing F and V sounds. •

Relining of denture: add acrylic to the base of the denture to increase vertical dimension.

• Rebasing is replacement of most or all of the denture base • Record the occlusal plane in order to: • To determine the amount of space between the mandible and the maxilla which will be occupied by artificial teeth. o To determine vertical and horizontal levels of the teeth. • The protrusive condylar guidance should be set on the articulator at: 30 – 35 degree. ( 30 – 40 degree ). • The lateral condylar posts should be set on the articulator at: Zero degree. • The incisal guide should be set on the articulator at:Zero degree. • The primary goal of anterior tooth selection is:To satisfy aesthetic requirements. • The primary goal of posterior tooth selection is:To provide good functional requirements. • In impression material ( alginate ) :Acceleration setting reaction = Decrease Setting time Delayed setting reaction = increase setting time Increase water temperature >>> decrease setting time >>> Accelerate setting reaction Decrease water temperature >>> increase setting time >>> Delayed setting reaction

Cases of prosthesis After u did upper& lower complete denture for old pt. He came back to the clinic next day complaining of uncomfort with the denture. After u recheck, no pain, good occlusion, good pronunciations, but u notice beginning of inflammation in the gum and outer margins of the lips, u will think this is due to: Xerostomia

• Patient comes to your clinic with complete denture for routine visit no complaining during speech or swallowing or opening the mouth just glossitis, angular cheilitis and discomfort increasing while day:Vitamin B deficiency. *** ( Vitamin B2 deficiency = Riboflavin deficiency ).

•

Old pt. comes with set of compelete denture with tight denture in morning and become loose later in a day what is the cause: excessive relining of denture.*** A) Relif of denture ‫ ( اﻟطﻘم رﯾﺢ‬because there may be pressure points or areas that the tissues will try to adjust to it throughout the day

• patient who has un-modified class II kennedy classification, with good periodontal condition and no carious lesion, the best clasp to use on the other side: Reciprocal clasp. *** ( aker's clasp ). •

A removable partial denture patient, Class II Kennedy classification. The last tooth on the left side is the 2nd premolar which has a distal caries. What’s the type of the clasp you will use for this premolar: gingivally approaching clasp. *** Edentulous pt. class II kenndy classification 2nd premolar used as abutment when we serving we found mesial undercut what is the proper clasp used: wrought wire with round cross section.

•

Patient who has un-modified class II kennedy classification, with good periodontal condition and no carious lesion the best clasp to use on the other side ( teeth side ): reciprocal clasp. ( aker's clasp ). ***

• Patient with 5 years old denture has a severe gag reflex, upon history he says he had the same symptoms in the first few days of the denture delievery and it went all alone:. Denture is overextended. Pt. Presented after insertion of complete denture complaining of • dysphagia and ulcers what is the cause of dysphagia?over extended. ** • Pt. with denture has swallowing problem and sore throat. The problem is: Posterior over extension at distal palatal end • After insertion of complete denture, Pt. came complaining from pain in TMJ and tenderness of muscle with difficulty in swallowing, this could be due to High vertical dimension. • An examination of the edentulous mouth of an aged Pt. who has wore maxillary complete dentures for many years against six mandibular teeth would probably show: Loss of osseous structure in the anterior maxillary arch • Three weeks after delivery of a unilateral distal extension mandibular removable partial denture, a Pt. complained of a sensitive abutment tooth, clinical examination reveals sensitivity to percussion of the tooth, the most likely cause is:Defective occlusion. ( occlusal trauma ). • Upon examination of alveolar ridge of elderly Pt. for construction of lower denture, easily displaceable tissue is seen in the crest of ridge. Management:Special impression technique is required.

Cleft lip and palate

With my best wishes Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Elmorsy