Aha Insuficiencia Cardíaca 2022
July 19, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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HKMPKA
HN LM ^EKWNPTKHMH MINPKDMEM
ª0 : 0 0 ZAP NL DAPM_ÔE MINPKDMEA DMPHKALABÉMZ^@LKDMHAG^EHMDKÔE, [ ZAP
AGDMPHKALABKM
MTADKMDKÔE, KED. , LM GMLLM HNL DAPM_ÔE
WAL^INE -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0 LAT MINPKDMEA ^EKWNPTKHMH A TADKNHMH HN MIËPKDM.
NLTNWKNP
B^ÉM HN ZPÍDXKDM DLÉEKDM? XNVXA DAIZLNXA
Buém hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00 pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm Kegarin hnl Daiktë Daeoueta sa`rn Hkrndtrkdns hn Zrídtkdm Dléekdm hnl Dalnbka Nstmhauekhnesn hn Dmrhkalabém/Msadkmdkôe Dmrhkalabém/Msadkm dkôe Nstmhauekhnesn hnl Darmzôe
Nsdrk`kneha
Zmul M. Fnkhnernkdf, IH, IT, GMDD, GMFM, GFGTM, G FGTM, Tkllmy Tkllmy
Daiktë ikni`ras** ikni`ras
@kycni @azcurt, IH, ZFH, GMDD, GMFM, GFGTM, Wkdnprnskhne Wkdnprnskhn etny tny Hmvkh Mbuklmr, IH, ITD, GMFMy GMFMy Lmrry M. Mllne, IH, IFT, GMDD, GMFM, GFGTMy GFGTM y Oaek O. @yueyy @yue Iôekdm I. Dalvke, IH, IT, GMFMy GMFM y Mektm Hnswml, IH, IZF, GMDD, GMFM, GFGTMz GFGTM z Hr. Imr Imrc F. Hrmzenr, ITD, GGM MDD, GMFM, GFGTMy GFGTMy Tfmeeae I. Hadtarm Huelmy, IH, IT, GMFM, GFGTMy GFGTMy Lkehm P. Nvnrs, Hadt ne Ourkspruhnedkmy Ourkspruhnedkmy Omins D. Daliklla, IH, GMDD, GMFM, GFGTMy GFGTMy Tmvktrk N. Gnhsae, IH, IMy IMy Brnbb D. Gaemraw, IH, GMDD, GMFM, GFGTM GFGTMVV Tmlki Tmlki G. Fnreíehnz, IH, IFT T. Fmync, IH, GMDDy GMDD y Mhrkíe G. z
Zrmtnntk Cfmzmekn, IH, IZF, GFGTMy GFGTM y Ikd Ikdf fnlln I. Ckttlnsae, IH, ZFHy Dfrkstapfnr T. Lnn, Z.FH, PE, IHy Dmrinla M. M. GMFM, GFGTMy GFGTMy Imrdas T. Nelmdn, IHy Iklmea, IHy IHy Larne Larnemm D. Eemdfntm, HPZF, IZFy IZFy Mlnxmehnr X. Tmehfu, Tmehfu, IH, IH, ITy ITy
Lyeen Rmrenr Ttnvnesae, IH, GMDD, GMFM, GFGTMy GFGTM y Arly HMÝM MPH, NI, GMFM, GFGTMc Wmrhney, Z.HMÝ GFGTMc Mimehm P. Dfmlnda, I@@T, IZF, GFGTMc GFGTMc Dlyhn R. [medy, IH, ITD, IMDD, GMFM, GFGTMyy GFGTM
* Tn rnquknrn qun las ikni`ras hnl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe sn m`stnebme hn vatmr ne lms snddkaens m lms qun punhme mplkdmrsn sus rnlmdkaens nspndégkdms dae lm kehustrkm3 imr Mpëehkdn =p kegarimdkôe garimdkôe hntmllmhm.yPnprnsn hntmllmhm.yPnprnsnet etmetn metn MDD/MFM. zNelmdn hnl =pmrm a`tnenr ke Daiktë Daeoueta hn Buéms hn Zrídtkdm Dléekdm hn MDD/MFM.VPnprnsnetmetn hnl Bru Brup pa hn Xrm`moa hn MDD/MFM sa`rn Inhkhms hn Hnsnipnýa.cPnprnsnetmetn hn FG F GTM.
Nstn haduineta gun mpra`mha par nl Daiktë hn Mpra`mdkôe hn Zalétkdms Dléekdms hnl Dalnbka Nstmhauekhnesn hn Dmrhkalabém, nl Daiktë Msnsar y Daarhkemhar Dknetégkda hn lm Msadkmdkôe Nstmhauekhnesn hnl Darmzôe, nl Daiktë hn Dmlkhmh y Dknedkm hnl Dalnbka Nstmhauekhnesn hn Dmrhkalabém y nl Daiktë Nondutkva hn lm Tadknhmh Nstmhauekhnesn hn Kesugkdknedkm Dmrhémdm ne hkdkni`rn hn 0:0= y nl Daiktë Nondutkva hn lm Fnmrt Mssadkmtkae ne nenra hn 0:00. Nl Dalnbka Minrkdmea hn Dmrhkalabém salkdktm qun nstn haduineta sn dktn hn lm skbuknetn imenrm? Fnkhnernkdf ZM, @azcurt @, Mbuklmr H, Mllne LM, @yue OO, Dalvke II, Hnswml M, Hrmzenr IF, H uelmy TI, Nvnrs LP, Gmeb OD, Gnhsae TN, Gaemraw BD, Fmync TT, Fnremehnz MG, Cfmzmekn Z, Ckttlnsae II, Lnn DT, Lkec IT, Iklmea DM, Eemdfntm LD, Tmehfu MX, Ttnvnesae LR, Wmrhney A, Wnst MP, [medy DR. Buém hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00 pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm? ue kegarin hnl Daiktë Daeoueta hn Buéms hn Zrídtkdm Dléekdm hnl Dalnbka Nstmhauekhnesn hn Dmrhkalabém/Msadkmdkôe Nstmhauekhnesn hnl Darmzôe.O Mi Dall Dmrhkal. 0:003 xx? xxxxxx. Nstn mrtédula fm skha danhktmha neDkrdulmdkôey nlPnvkstm hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. Dapkms? nstn haduineta nstí hkspaek`ln ne las sktkas wn` hnl Minrkdme Dallnbn ag Dmrhkalaby (www.mdd.arb (www.mdd.arb),), lm lm Msadkmdkôe M Minrkdmem inrkdmem hnl Darmzôe ( pragnskaeml.darmzae.arb ragnskaeml.darmzae.arb)) y lm Fnmrt Gmklurn Tadknty ag Minrkdm ((www.fgsm. www.fgsm.arb arb).). Zmrm a`tnenr a`tnenr dapkms hn nstn haduineta, daiueéqunsn dae Nlsnvknr Ked. Hnpmrtmineta hn rnkiprnskôe par gmx (0=0-744-460:) a darrna nl nlndtrôekda ndtrôekda ((rnprketsJnlsnv rnprketsJnlsnvknr.dai knr.dai).). Znriksas? Ea sn pnriktne dapkms iÿltkplns, iahkgkdmdkôe, mltnrmdkôe, inoarm y/a hkstrk`udkôe hn nstn haduineta ske nl pnriksa nxprnsa hnl Dalnbka Minrkdmea hn lkdkns/mutar-mdunrha/a`tnedkôeDmrhkalabém. Lms salkdktuhns sn punhne daiplntmr ne léenm m trmvës hnl sktka wn` hn Nlsnvknr nefttps?//www.nlsnvknr.dai/m`aut/pa nefttps?//www.nlsnvknr.dai/m`aut/palkdkns/mutar-mdunrha/a`tnedkôepnriksa.. pnriksa
KTTE :24>-=:;2 / $ 47,::
fttps?//hak.arb/=:.=:=7/o.omdd.0:0=.=0.:=0
n0
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Daeoueta MDD/MFM
Imrc M. Flmtcy, IH, GMDD, GMFM{ GMFM { Oasë M. Oablmr, M. Oablmr, IH, GMDD, GMFM R. Tdfuylnr Oaens, IH, GMDD Oasnpf N. Imrken, IH, GMDD{ GMDD{ Hmeknl @. Imrc, IH, IZF, GMDD, GMFM Hn`m`rmtm Iuc Iucfnronn, IH, GMDD, GMFM Lmtfm Z. Zmlmekmppme, IH, IT, GMDD, GMFM Imrkmee P. Zkmea, PE, Z FH, GMFM Xmevnnr
Oasfum M. @ndcime, IH, IT, GMFM, GMDD, Tkllm
Daiktë ikni`ras
Zmtrkdc X. A'Bmrm, IH, IMDD, GMFM, Zrnskhnetn metnrkar keinhk keinhkmta mta{{
Tmem I. Ml-Cfmtk`, IH, IFT, GMDD, GMFM{ GMFM { Memstmskm L. Mri`rustnr, Z.HMÝMPH, GMDD Cki C. Oamquée N. @krtdfnr, ZHMÝMPH, NI, MMDD{ MMDD{ Hr. Oamquée Gunetns, IH, IT, Dkbmrram, GMDD{ GMDD{ Lksm hn lms Gunetns, GMFM Mektm Hnswml, IH, IZF, GMDD, GMFM Hmvn L. Hkxae, ZHMÝMPH, GMDD{ GMDD{ Lnn M. Glnksfnr, IH, GMDD, GMFM{{ Hr. Gnhnrkda Bnetkln, GMDD{ GMFM GMDD{ _mdfmry H. Balh`nrbnr, IH, GMDD, GMFM{ GMFM{ @ulnet Ba Barnenc, rnenc, IH, GMDD Earrksm Fmyens, IH, IZF Mhrkme G. Fnremehnz, IH, IFT
Pm`, IH, GMDD
Nrkdm T. Tpmtz, IH, IT, GMDD Omdqunlken N. Xmiks-Fallmeh, IH, GMFM, GMDD Huikehm E. Rkonysuehnrm, IH, ZFH{ [. Oasnpf Raa, IH, GMDD, GMFM
{N {Nxx ikni`ra hnl Daiktë Daeoueta3 ikni`ra mdtuml hurmetn nl nsgunrza hn nsdrkturm.
PNT^INE MZ^EXMPLm MZ^EXMP Lm “Buém hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00 pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm’ rnniplmzm lm “Buém hn lm MDDG/MFM hn 0:=4 pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm’ y lm Mdtumlkzmdkôe negadmhm hn lm MDD/MFM/FGTM hn 0:=2 hn lm Buém hn lm MDDG/MFM hn 0:=4 pmrm lm Imenoa hn lm Kesugkdknedkm Dmrhémdm.’ Lm buém 0:00 tknen daia a`ontkva prapardkaemr rndainehmdkaens dnetrmhms ne nl pmdknetn pmrm qun las iëhkdas prnvnebme, hkmbeastkqune y imenone pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm.
IËXAHATTn rnmlkzô uem `ÿsqunhm `k`lkabrígkdm nxfmustkvm hnshn imya hn 0:0: fmstm hkdkni`rn hn 0:0:, qun m`mrdô nstuhkas, rnvkskaens y IËXAHATTn atrm nvkhnedkm rnmlkzmhm ne suontas fuimeas qun sn pu`lkdmrae ne keblës ne INHLKEN (Zu`Inh), NI@MTN, lm Dalm`armdkôe Dadfrmen, lm Mbnedkm pmrm lm Kevnstkbmdkôe y Dmlkhmh hn lm Mtnedkôe Iëhkdm, y atrms `msns hn hmtas rnlnvmetns. Xmi`këe sn daeskhnrmrae nesmyas dléekdas y nstuhkas hn kevnstkbmdkôe rnlnvmetns mhkdkaemlns, mhkdkaemlns, pu`lkdmhas fmstm snptkni`rn hn 0:0=. Nstm buém sn mriaekzô dae atrms buéms hn lm Minrkdme Fnmrt Mssadkmtkae/Minrkdme Mssadkmtkae/Minrkd me Dallnbn ag Dmrhkalaby pu`lkdmhms fmstm hkdkni`rn hn 0:0=. NTXP^DX^PM NTXP^DX^PMLm Lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm skbun skneha uem hn lms prkedkpmlns dmusms hn iar`klkhmh y iartmlkhmh ne taha nl iueha. Lm buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn 0:00 `rkehm rndainehmdkaens `msmhms ne nvkhnedkm daetniparíenm pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn nstas pmdknetns. Lms rndainehmdkaens prnsnetme ue negaqun `msmha ne lm nvkhnedkm pmrm nl imenoa hn pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, dae lm ketnedkôe hn inoarmr lm dmlkhmh hn lm mtnedkôe y mlkenmrsn dae las ketnrnsns hn las pmdknetns. Iudfms rndainehmdkaens hn lms buéms metnrkarns sa`rn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm sn fme mdtumlkzmha dae eunvm nvkhnedkm y sn fme drnmha eunvms rndainehmdkaens dumeha nstíe rnspmlhmhms par hmtas pu`lkdmhas. Tn prapardkaeme hndlmrmdkaens hn vmlar pmrm dknrtas trmtmiknetas dae meílksks ndaeôikdas pu`lkdmhas hn mltm dmlkhmh.
XM@LM HN DAEXNEKHA PNT^INE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PNT^INE
=.8. Mldmedn hn lm Hkrndtrkz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
LAT =: ZPKEDKZMLNT INETMONT ZMPM LLNWMP M DMTM. DMTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
=.>. Dlmsn hn rndainehmdkôe y ekvnl hn Nvkhnedkm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
ZPNÍI@^LA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZPNÍI@^LA.
=.7. m`rnvkmturms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
=. KEXPAH^DDKÔE. KEXPAH^DDKÔE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =.=. Pnvkskôe hn intahalabém y nvkhnedkm. . . . . . . . . . . -
=.0. Arbmekzmdkôe hnl Daiktë hn Pnhmddkôe. . . . . . . . =.4. Pnvkskôe y mpra`mdkôe hn haduinetas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
0. HNGKEKDKÔE HN KD. KD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
0.=. Ntmpms hn lm KD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0. Dlmskgkdmdkôe hn lm KD par nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha Grmddkôe (GNWK). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
2.4.8. Datrmespartmhar hn sahka-bludasm 0
0.4. Mlbarktia hn Hkmbeôstkda pmrm lm Dlmskgkdmdkôe hn lm KD Tnbÿe GNWK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
kefk`kharns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
KD . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. NZKHNIKALABÉM [ DM^TMT HN LM KD.
2.4.>. Fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm. . . . .
-
2.4.7. Atra trmtmikneta gmrimdalôbkda. gmrimdalôbkda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-
2.4.2. Inhkdminetas hn vmlar ea daipra`mha a qun punhne
4.=. Npkhnikalabém hn lm KD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
Nipnarmikneta hn KD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
4.0. Dmusm hn lm KD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.4.6. Haskgkdmdkôe hn BHIX? sndunedkmdkôe y
Xktulmdkôe msdnehnetn. msdnehnetn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.4.;. Xnrmpkms iëhkdms mhkdkaemlns. . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.;.=. Imenoa hn lm ntmpm D FG?
TNPKN. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. NWML^MDKÔE KEKDKML [ TNPKN.
Kvm`rmhkem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
8.=. Nvmlumdkôe Dléekdm? Fkstarkml y Géskda Nxmine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.4.;.0. Xrmtmikneta gmrimdalôbkda hn lm KDGNP ne nstmhka D (hkbaxkem). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.;.4. Xrmtmikneta gmrimdalôbkda pmrm lm ntmpm D FGrNG? bumeklkl dkdlmsm salu`ln
8.=.=. Lm`armtarka Kekdkml y Nlndtradmrhkabrígkda Zrun`ms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
8.0. ^sa hn @kaimrdmharns pmrm Zrnvnedkôe, Hkmbeôstkda Kekdkml y Nstrmtkgkdmdkôe hn Pknsba. . . . . . . . . . . . . -
nstkiulmharns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.8. Hkspasktkvas y tnrmpkms ketnrvnedkaekstms pmrm FGrNG . . -
8.4. Nvmlumdkôe y prun`ms bneëtkdms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.8.=. HMK y XPD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
8.8. Nvmlumdkôe dae kiíbnens dmrhémdms. . . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.8.0. Atras Nlëdtrkdas Kiplmetm`lns Ketnrvnedkaens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.>. Nvmlumdkôe kevmskvm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
-
8.7. Rnmrm`lns y Iaektarna Pniata (Kedluyneha Xnlniaektarkzmdkôe y Iaektarna hn Hkspasktkvas). . . . . . . . -
2.8.4. Pnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe par DMH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.>. Negnrinhmh dmrhémdm vmlvulmr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
8.2. Zrun`ms hn nonrdkdka y dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml. . . . . . -
2.7. Kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae GN lnvninetn rnhudkhm (FGirNG) y GN inoarmhm (FGkipFG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
8.6. Nvmlumdkôe kekdkml y snrkmhm? Nvmlumdkôe dléekdm? Zuetumdkôe hn rknsba hn KD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.7.=. FG dae nynddkôe lnvninetn rnhudkhm Grmddkôe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.7.0. FG dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe inoarmhm. . . . . KD) . . . . . . . . . . NXMZM M (ZMDKNEXNT NE PKNTBA HN KD).
2.2. GN daesnrvmhm (FGpNG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
>.=. Zmdknetns dae rknsba hn KD (Ntmpm M? Zrkimrkm Zrnvnedkôe). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.2.=. KD dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe daesnrvmhm. . . . . 2.6. Miklakhasks dmrhémdm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
NTXMHKA @ (ZMDKNEXNT DAE ZPN-KD) ZPN-KD).. . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.6.=. Hkmbeôstkda hn Miklakhasks Dmrhkmdm. . . . . . . . 2.6.0. Xrmtmikneta hn lm miklakhasks dmrhémdm. . . . . . . -
7.=. Imenoa hnl Nstmhka @? Zrnvnedkôe hnl Téehrain hn KD Dléekdm ne Zmdknetns dae Zrn-KD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
6. NXMZM H (MWME_MHA) FG FG.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
6.=. Pngnrnedkm nspndkmlkzmhm pmrm KD mvmezmhm. . . . . . . . . . . 2. NXMZM D FG. FG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
6.0. Imenoa Ea Gmrimdalôbkda? Mvmezmha MG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.=. Ketnrvnedkaens ea gmrimdalôbkdms. . . . . . . . . . . . 2.=.=. Mpaya ml Mutadukhmha ne KD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.=.0. Pnstrkddkôe hn sahka ne lm hkntm. . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4. Tapartn keatrôpkda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.=.4. Imenoa hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne nstmhka D? mdtkvkhmh,
6.>. Xrmsplmetn dmrhémda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
prnsdrkpdkôe hn nonrdkdka y pra`lnims dmrhémdas
Pnfm`klktmdkôe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0. Hkurëtkdas y Nstrmtnbkms hn Hnsdaebnst Hnsdaebnstkôe kôe ne Zmdknetns dae mltm grndunedkm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
2.4. Xrmtmikneta gmrimdalôbkda hn lm KDGNP. . . . . . . . . 2.4.=. Kefk`kdkôe hnl skstnim rnekem-mebkatneskem dae MDNk a MP@ a MPEk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.0. @laqunmharns `ntm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.4. Metmbaekstms hn las rndnptarns hn ikenrmladartkdakhns
(IPM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
6.8. Tapartn dkrdulmtarka indíekda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
-
;. ZMDKNEXNT FATZKXMLK_MHAT DAE KD MB^HM HNTDAIZNETMHM HNTDAIZNETMHM ....... ....... ....... ....-
;.=. Nvmlumdkôe hn pmdknetns faspktmlkzmhas dae KD hnsdaipnesmhm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.0. Imetnekikneta u Aptkikzmdkôe hn BHIX Hurmetn Faspktmlkzmdkôe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.4. Hkurëtkdas ne pmdknetns faspktmlkzmhas? hnsdaebnstkôe hnsdaebnstkôe Nstrmtnbkm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
-
n4
n8
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
;.8m. Xnrmpkm hn vmsahklmtmdkôe pmrnetnrml ne pmdknetns Faspktmlkzmhas dae KD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
;.8`. Zragklmxks hn XNW ne pmdknetns faspktmlkzmhas. . . . . ;.>. Nvmlumdkôe y Imenoa hn Negnrinhmhns Dmrhkabëekdms Dfaqun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.7. Ketnbrmdkôe hn lm mtnedkôe? trmeskdkaens y nqukpaNegaquns `msmhas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
KD. . . . . . . . . =:. DAIAP@KLKHMHNT NE ZMDKNEXNT DAE KD.
=:.=. Imenoa hn Daiar`klkhmhns ne Zmdknetns dae MG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =:.0. Imenoa hn lm GM ne KD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
NTZNDKMLNT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ==. ZA@LMDKAENT NTZNDKMLNT
==.=. Hkspmrkhmhns y Za`lmdkaens Wulenrm`lns. . . . . . . . ==.0. Dmrhka-Aedalabém. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ==.4. KD y Ni`mrmza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
=0. IËXPKDMT N KEGAPINT HN DMLKHMH DMLKHMH.. . . . . . . . . . . . -
=0.=. Inhkdkôe hnl hnsnipnýa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
=4. A@ONXKWAT HN LM MXNEDKÔE. MXNEDKÔE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
=4.=. Dukhmhas pmlkmtkvas y hn mpaya, taim hn hndkskaens daipmrtkhm y gkeml hn lm vkhm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
=8. PNDAINEHMDKÔE ZMPM PNT^LXMHAT KEGAPIMHAT ZAP ZMDKNEXNT [ @PNDFMT NE LM NWKHNEDKM [ HKPNDDKAENT G^X^PMT HN KEWNTXKBMDKÔE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KEWNTXKBMDKÔE =8.=. Pnsultmhas kegarimhas par nl pmdknetn pmdknetn.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =8.0. @rndfms hn nvkhnedkm y guturms hkrnddkaens hn kevnstkbmdkôe. -
PNGNPNEDKMT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PNGNPNEDKMT
LAT =: ZPKEDKZMLNT INETMONT ZMPM LLNWMP M DM TM
Lm tnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms (BHIX) pmrm lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm (FG) dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm (FGrNG) mfarm kedluyn 8 dlmsns hn inhkdminetas qun kedluyne kefk`kharns hnl datrmespartmhar hn sahka-bludasm-0 (TBLX0k). TBLX0k tknen uem dlmsn hn rndainehmdkôe 0m ne KD dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe lnvninetn rnhudkhm (FGirNG). Tn fmdne rndainehmdkaens iís hë`klns (dlmsn hn rndainehmdkôe 0`) pmrm MPEk, MDNk, MP@, IPM y `ntm`laqunmetns ne nstm pa`lmdkôe. 4. Tn fmdne eunvms rndainehmdkaens pmrm FGpNG pmrm TBLX0k (dlmsn hn rndainehmdkôe 0m), IPM (dlmsn hn rndainehmdkôe 0`) y MPEk (dlmsn hn rndainehmdkôe 0`). Tn rneavmrae vmrkms rndainehmdkaens metnrkarns, kedlukha nl trmtmikneta hn lm lm fkpnrtneskôe (Dlmsn hn rndainehmdkôe =), nl trmtmikneta hn lm gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr (Dlmsn hn rndainehmdkôe 0m), nl usa hn @PM (Dlmsn hn rndainehmdkôe 0`) y nvktmr nl usa rutkemrka hn ektrmtas a kefk`kharns hn lm gasgahknstnrmsm->. (Dlmsn ( Dlmsn hn Pndainehmdkôe 4? Tke @nengkdka). 8. GNWK inoarmhm sn utklkzm pmrm rngnrkrsn m mqunllas pmdknetns dae KDGNP prnvkm qun mfarm tknene uem GNWK 5 8:%. Nstas pmdknetns hn`ne daetkeumr dae su trmtmikneta hn FGrNG. >. Tn drnmrae hndlmrmdkaens hn vmlar pmrm rndainehmdkaens snlndtms haehn sn fme pu`lkdmha nstuhkas hn mltm dmlkhmh y dasta-ngndtkvkhmh hn lm ketnrvnedkôe. Lm dmrhkapmtém miklakhn tknen eunvms rndainehmdkaens pmrm nl trmtmikneta, qun kedluyne hntnddkôe hn dmhnems lkbnrms iaeadlaemlns ne sunra y arkem, bmiimbrmgém ôsnm, sndunedkmdkôe bneëtkdm, tnrmpkm nstm`klkzmharm hn tntríinras y metkdambulmdkôe. 2. Lm nvkhnedkm qun rnspmlhm nl muineta hn lms prnskaens hn llnemha ns kipartmetn pmrm nl hkmbeôstkda hn KD sk lm GNWK ns 5 8:%. Lm nvkhnedkm hnl muineta hn lms prnskaens hn llnemha sn punhn a`tnenr m pmrtkr hn prun`ms ea kevmskvms (p. no., pëptkha emtrkurëtkda, guedkôe hkmstôlkdm ne kiíbnens) a kevmskvms (p. no., inhkdkôe fniahkeíikdm). 6. Las pmdknetns dae KD mvmezmhm qun hnsnne pralaebmr su
MZËEHKDN =
Pnlmdkaens hnl mutar dae lm kehustrkm y atras Netkhmhns (Pnlnvmetns). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MZËEHKDN 0
Pnlmdkaens hnl rnvksar dae lm kehustrkm y atrms netkhmhns (ketnbrml). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
MZËEHKDN 4
Mpëehkdn pmrm lms tm`lms 4 y 8. ^i`rmlns subnrkhas pmrm dmrhkapmtém nstrudturml y nvkhnedkm hn muineta Zrnskaens hn llnemha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
supnrvkvnedkm hn`ne snr hnrkvmhas m ue nqukpa nspndkmlkzmha ne KD. ^e nqukpa hn nspndkmlkstms ne KD rnvksm nl imenoa hn lm KD, nvmlÿm lm khaenkhmh hn lms tnrmpkms mvmezmhms pmrm lm KD y utklkzm las dukhmhas pmlkmtkvas, kedlukhas las keatrôpkdas pmlkmtkvas, dumeha sae dafnrnetns dae las a`ontkvas hn mtnedkôe hnl pmdknetn.
;. Lm prnvnedkôe prkimrkm ns kipartmetn pmrm mqunllas ne rknsba hn KD (ntmpm M) a prn-FG (ntmpm ( ntmpm @). Tn rnvksmrae lms ntmpms hn KD pmrm negmtkzmr lms eunvms tnrikealabéms hn "ne rknsba" hn KD pmrm lm ntmpm M y prn-FG pmrm lm ntmpm @. =:. Tn `rkehme rndainehmdkaens pmrm pmdknetns snlnddkaemhas dae KD y hngkdknedkm hn fknrra, menikm, fkpnrtneskôe, trmstareas hnl sunýa, hkm`ntns tkpa 0, gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr, negnrinhmh mrtnrkml daraemrkm y imlkbekhmh.
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
ZPNÍI@^LA
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
tnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe y, dumeha darrnspaehm, hkmbrmims hn gluoa a tm`lms mhkdkaemlns. Tn prapardkaeme rngnrnedkms dae
Hnshn =;6:, nl Dalnbka Minrkdmea hn Dmrhkalabém (MDD) y lm Msadkmdkôe Minrkdmem hnl Darmzôe (MFM) fme trmhudkha lm nvkhnedkm dknetégkdm ne buéms hn prídtkdm dléekdm dae rndainehmdkaens pmrm inoarmr lm smluh dmrhkavmsdulmr. Nstms pmutms, qun sn `msme ne
fkpnrvéedulas pmrm dmhm grmbineta hn daeadkikneta iahulmr pmrm
iëtahas skstniítkdas pmrm nvmlumr y dlmskgkdmr lm nvkhnedkm, prapardkaeme uem `msn pmrm lm prnstmdkôe hn mtnedkôe dmrhkavmsdulmr hn dmlkhmh. Nl MDD y lm MFM pmtradkeme nl hnsmrralla y lm pu`lkdmdkôe hn buéms hn prídtkdm dléekdm ske mpaya dainrdkml, y las ikni`ras agrndne su tknipa daia valuetmrkas pmrm las nsgunrzas hn rnhmddkôe y rnvkskôe. Lms pmutms sae lm palétkdm agkdkml hn MDD y MFM. Zmrm mlbuems pmutms, nl MDD y lm MFM sn msadkme dae atrms a trms arbmekzmdkaens.
punhn rnmlkzmr uem nvmlumdkôe hnl vmlar hn ue gírimda, hkspasktkva a ketnrvnedkôe hn mdunrha dae lm intahalabém MDD/MFM (4 (4).
gmdklktmr nl mddnsa y lm rnvkskôe rípkhas.
Ne rndaeadkikneta hn lm kipartmedkm hn lms daeskhnrmdkaens hn dasta-vmlar, ne dknrtms pmutms, dumeha snm mprapkmha y gmdtk`ln, sn
(NDW). Lm mtnedkôe sn dnetrm ne lm prídtkdm iëhkdm ne las Nstmhas ^ekhas,
Zmrm bmrmetkzmr qun lms rndainehmdkaens hn lms pmutms pnrimenzdme mdtumlkzmhms, nl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe y nl pnrsaeml rnvksmríe las eunvas hmtas hn imenrm daetkeum. da etkeum. Ne nl gutura, lms snddkaens / grmbinetas hn daeadkikneta nspndégkdas sn rnvksmríe hkeíikdminetn hnspuës hn lm pu`lkdmdkôe y lm rnvkskôe apartuem par pmrns hn lm dknedkm qun punhn dmi`kmr lm prídtkdm. Lms hnskbemdkaens metnrkarns hn "rnvkskôe daiplntm" y "mdtumlkzmdkôe negadmhm" sn nlkikemríe brmhumlinetn. Zmrm a`tnenr kegarimdkôe mhkdkaeml y palétkdms sa`rn nl hnsmrralla hn buéms, las lndtarns punhne daesultmr nl imeuml hn intahalabém hn buéms hn MDD/MFM ( 8) y atras atras mr mrtédulas tédulas hn intahalabém ((>-2 >-2).).
pnra nstms pmutms sae rnlnvmetns pmrm las pmdknetns hn taha nl iueha. Tk `kne lms pmutms punhne usmrsn pmrm kegarimr lms hndkskaens rnbulmtarkms
Tnlnddkôe hn las ikni`ras hnl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe
a hn las pmbmharns, lm ketnedkôe ns inoarmr lm dmlkhmh hn lm mtnedkôe y
Nl Daiktë Daeoueta sn nsgunrzm par bmrmetkzmr qun nl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe hn lm buém dunetn dae lm nxpnrknedkm endnsmrkm ne nl daetnekha y snm rnprnsnetmtkva hn lm daiuekhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr iís miplkm inhkmetn lm snlnddkôe hn nxpnrtas ne ue nspndtra hn metndnhnetns, qun rnprnsnetme hkgnrnetns rnbkaens bnabrígkdms, snxas, rmzms, ntekms, pnrspndtkvms/snsbas ketnlndtumlns y nsdnemrkas hn prídtkdm dléekdm. Lms arbmekzmdkaens y sadknhmhns pragnskaemlns dae ketnrnsns y nxpnrknedkm rnlmdkaemhas nstíe kevktmhms m pmrtkdkpmr daia sadkas a dalm`armharns.
^sa prnvksta Lms buéms hn prídtkdm dléekdm prapardkaeme rndainehmdkaens rndainehmdkaens mplkdm`lns m pmdknetns dae a ne rknsba hn hnsmrrallmr negnrinhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr
mlkenmrsn dae las ketnrnsns hn las pmdknetns. Lms buéms nstíe hnstkemhms m hngkekr prídtkdms qun smtksgmbme lms endnskhmhns hn las pmdknetns ne lm imyarém hn lms dkrduestmedkms, pnra ea ne tahms, y ea hn`ne rnniplmzmr nl oukdka dléekda.
Kiplninetmdkôe Dléekdm Nl imenoa, hn mdunrha dae lms rndainehmdkaens hn lms buéms, ns ngndtkva sala dumeha la skbune tmeta las iëhkdas daia las pmdknetns. Nl duiplkikneta hn lms rndainehmdkaens sn punhn inoarmr inhkmetn lm taim hn hndkskaens daipmrtkhm netrn iëhkdas y pmdknetns, dae lm pmrtkdkpmdkôe hnl pmdknetn ne lm snlnddkôe hn ketnrvnedkaens sa`rn lm `msn hn vmlarns kehkvkhumlns, prngnrnedkms y mgnddkaens y daiar`klkhmhns msadkmhms. Intahalabém y Iahnrekzmdkôe Nl Daiktë Daeoueta MDD/MFM sa`rn Zmutms hn Zrídtkdm Dléekdm (Daiktë Daeoueta) rnvksm, mdtumlkzm y iahkgkdm daetkeuminetn lm intahalabém hn lms pmutms sa`rn lm `msn hn las nstíehmrns pu`lkdmhas par arbmekzmdkaens, kedlukhm lm Mdmhnikm Emdkaeml hn Inhkdkem (metnrkarinetn, nl Kestktuta hn Inhkdkem) (= ( =,0), y sa`rn lm `msn hn uem rnn rnnvmlumdkôe vmlumdkôe ketnrem. Hn imenrm skiklmr, lm prnsnetmdkôe y netrnbm hn lms pmutms sn rnnvmlÿme y iahkgkdme ne rnspunstm m lms tndealabéms ne nvaludkôe y atras gmdtarns pmrm gmdklktmr hn imenrm ôptkim lm hkguskôe hn kegarimdkôe m las pragnskaemlns hn lm smluh ne nl pueta hn mtnedkôe. Tn fme kiplninetmha euinrasms iahkgkdmdkaens m lms pmutms pmrm mdartmrlms y inoarmr lm "gmdklkhmh hn usa". Lms pmutms nstíe nsdrktms y prnsnetmhms ne ue garimta iahulmr ia hulmr hn "pardkôe hn daeadkikneta" ne nl qun dmhm pardkôe kedluyn uem tm`lm hn rndainehmdkaens, uem `rnvn skeapsks,
Pnlmdkaens dae lm kehustrkm y atrms netkhmhns Nl MDD y lm MFM tknene palétkdms y iëtahas rkburasas pmrm bmrmetkzmr qun las haduinetas sn hnsmrrallne ske prnoukdkas ek keglunedkms kehn`khms. Lm palétkdm daiplntm sa`rn rnlmdkaens dae lm kehustrkm y =hn lm atrms netkhmhns (PRK) sn punhn nedaetrmr ne nedaetrmr ne léenm. léenm.Mpëehkdn =hn buém neu neuinrm las PRK rnlnvmetns hn las ikni`ras hnl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe3 dae gkens hn tatml trmespmrnedkm, su kegarimdkôe hn hkvulbmdkôe ketnbrml nstí hkspaek`ln ne ueMpëehkdn ue Mpëehkdn daiplninetmrka . Lm kegarimdkôe hn hkvulbmdkôe hkvulbm dkôe ketnbrml pmrm nl Daiktë Daeoueta tmi`këe nstí hkspaek`lnne hkspaek`lnne léenm. léenm.
Daiktës hn Pnvkskôe hn Nvkhnedkm y Pnvkskôe hn Nvkhnedkm
Ml hnsmrrallmr rndainehmdkaens, nl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe utklkzm intahalabéms `msmhms ne nvkhnedkm qun sn `msme ne tahas las ). Lms `ÿsqunhms `k`lkabrígkdms sn dnetrme ne hmtas hkspaek`lns (8 (8,>). Lms nesmyas daetralmhas mlnmtarkas (NDM), pnra tmi`këe kedluyne rnbkstras, nstuhkas daipmrmtkvas y hnsdrkptkvas ea mlnmtarkas, snrkns hn dmsas, nstuhkas hn dafartns, rnvkskaens skstniítkdms y apkekaens hn nxpnrtas. Tala sn dktme lms rngnrnedkms dlmvn. Tn daikskaem ue daiktë hn rnvkskôe hn nvkhnedkm kehnpnehknetn dumeha fmy $ = prnbuetms qun sn s n daeskhnrme hn
n>
n7
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
iíxkim kipartmedkm dléekdm y inrndne uem rnvkskôe skstniítkdm gariml pmrm hntnrikemr quë pmdknetns tknene iís pra`m`klkhmhns hn `nengkdkmrsn hn ue gírimda, hkspasktkva a nstrmtnbkm hn trmtmikneta, y ne quë inhkhm. Las drktnrkas pmrm nedmrbmr ue daiktë hn rnvkskôe hn nvkhnedkm y uem rnvkskôe skstniítkdm gariml kedluyne lm musnedkm hn uem rnvkskôe skstniítkdm mutarkzmhm mdtuml,
tnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms3 KDGNr3 hkm`ntns inllktus3 ikadmrhkapmtém3 miklakhasks dmrhémdm3 negnrinhmh dmrhémdm vmlvulmr3 rnburbktmdkôe iktrml3 ikadmrhkapmtém ne nl ni`mrmza3 grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm3 prnskôe hnl darmzôe hnrndfa3 Dukhmhas pmlkmtkvas. pnrtkenetn ns nstu tuhk hkas as,, pu pu`l `lkd kdmh mha a m trmvës hn Mhkdkaeml
lm vkm`klkhmh hn hngkekr nl `nengkdka y nl rknsba ne ue imrda hn tknipa daeskstnetn dae lm rnhmddkôe hn uem buém, lm rnlnvmedkm pmrm ue eÿinra daeskhnrm`ln hn pmdknetns y lm pra`m`klkhmh hn qun las fmllmzbas sn punhne trmhudkr ne rndainehmdkaens pradnsm`lns. Las ikni`ras hnl daiktë hn rnvkskôe hn nvkhnedkm punhne kedlukr intahôlabas, npkhnikôlabas, iëhkdas y `kanstmhéstkdas. Lms rndainehmdkaens hnsmrrallmhms par nl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe sa`rn lm `msn hn lm rnvkskôe skstniítkdm nstíe imrdmhms “PT.’
snptkni`rn hn 0:0= hurmetn nl pradnsa hn rnhmddkôe hn lm buém, tmi`këe gunrae daeskhnrmhas par nl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe y sn mbrnbmrae m lms tm`lms hn nvkhnedkm dumeha darrnspaehém. Nstm Ns tm buém sn mriaekzô dae atrms buéms hn MDD/MFM pu`lkdmhms fmstm hkdkni`rn hn 0:0=. Lms tm`lms hn nvkhnedkm gkemlns sn kedluyne ne nl Tuplnineta hn hmtas ne léenm léenmyy rnsuikr lm nvkhnedkm utklkzmhm utklkzmhm par nl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe pmrm gariulmr rndainehmdkaens. Lms rngnrnedkms snlnddkaemhms y pu`lkdmhms ne nl prnsnetn haduineta sae rnprnsnetmtkvms y ea nxfmustkvms.
Xnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms Nl tërikea tnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms (BHIX) m`mrdm lm nvmlumdkôe dléekdm, lms prun`ms hn hkmbeôstkda y las trmtmiknetas gmrimdalôbkdas y hn pradnhkikneta. Zmrm nstas y tahas las
=.0. Arbmekzmdkôe hnl Daiktë hn Pnhmddkôe
rnbéinens hn trmtmikneta gmrimdalôbkda rndainehmhas, nl lndtar lnd tar hn`n daegkrimr lm hasks dae nl imtnrkml hnl praspndta hnl prahudta y nvmlumr lms daetrmkehkdmdkaens n ketnrmddkaens. Lms rndainehmdkaens sn lkiktme m inhkdminetas, hkspasktkvas y trmtmiknetas mpra`mhas pmrm usa dléekda ne las Nstmhas ^ekhas. Oasfum M. @ndcime, IH, IT, GMFM, GMDD
nlndtragkskôlaba, dkruomeas, ue gmrimdëutkda, uem negnrinrm prmdtkdmetn mvmezmhm y 0 rnprnsnetmetns lnbas/pmdknetns. Nl daiktë daik të hn rnhmddkôe kedluyô rnprnsnetmetns hn MDD, MFM y Fnmrt Gmklurn Tadknty ag Minrkdm (FGTM). Mpëehkdn (FGTM). Mpëehkdn ==hnl hnl prnsnetn haduineta neuinrm las PRK rnlnvmetns hn las ikni`ras hnl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe. Zmrm gkens hn tatml trmespmrnedkm, lm kegarimdkôe hn hkvulbmdkôe daiplntm hn las ikni`ras hnl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe nstí hkspaek`ln ne ue Mpëehkdn ue Mpëehkdn daiplninetmrka. daiplninetmrka.
Zrnskhnetn, Daiktë Daeoueta MDD / MFM sa`rn
Buéms hn prídtkdm dléekdm
Nl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe nstm`m garimha par dmrhkôlabas, nspndkmlkstms ne KD, ketnrekstms, ketnrvnedkaekstms, ue
=. KEXPAH^DDKÔE =.4. Pnvkskôe y mpra`mdkôe hn haduinetas
=.=. Pnvkskôe hn intahalabém y nvkhnedkm Lms rndainehmdkaens neuinrmhms ne nstm buém nstíe, skniprn qun snm pask`ln, `msmhms ne nvkhnedkm. ^em rnvkskôe hn nvkhnedkm nxtnesm kekdkml, qun kedluyô lktnrmturm hnrkvmhm hn kevnstkbmdkaens dae snrns fuimeas, pu`lkdmhm ne keblës n kehnxmhm ne INHLKEN (m trmvës hn Zu`Inh), NI@MTN, lm Dalm`armdkôe Dadfrmen, lm Mbnedkm pmrm lm Kevnstkbmdkôe y lm
Nstn haduineta gun rnvksmha par 0 rnvksarns agkdkmlns hnskbemhas par lm MFM3 = rnvksar agkdkml hnskbemha par nl MDD3 0 rnvksarns agkdkmlns hn lm FGTM3 = rnvksar agkdkml hnl Daiktë Daeoueta hn Buéms hn Zrídtkdm Dléekdm3 y 40 rnvksarns hn daetnekha kehkvkhumlns. Lm kegarimdkôe hn PRK hn las rnvksarns sn hkstrk`uyô ml daiktë hn rnhmddkôe y sn pu`lkdm ne nstn haduineta (Mpëehkdn (Mpëehkdn 00).).
Dmlkhmh hn lm Mtnedkôe Iëhkdm y atrms `msns hn hmtas snlnddkaemhms rnlnvmetns pmrm nstn hkrndtrkz, sn llnvô m dm`a netrn imya hn 0:0: y hkdkni`rn hn 0:0:. Lms pmlm`rms dlmvn hn `ÿsqunhm kedluynrae, netrn
Nstn haduineta gun mpra`mha pmrm su pu`lkdmdkôe par las ôrbmeas rndtarns hn MDD, MFM y FGTM.
atrms, lms skbuknetns?kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm3 kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae grmddkôe hn
=.8. Mldmedn hn lm Hkrndtrkz
nynddkôe daesnrvmhm3 kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe
Nl prapôskta hn lm “Buém 0:00 MFM / MDD / FGTM pmrm nl imenoa hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm’ (buém 0:00 FG) ns prapardkaemr uem mdtumlkzmdkôe y daesalkhmr lm “Buém 0:=4MDDG / MFM pmrm nl imenoa hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm’ (= (=) pmrm mhu mhultas y lm “Mdtumlkzmdkôe negadmhm hn 0:=2 MDD / MFM / FGTM hn lm buém 0:=4 MDDG / MFM eunva nva pmrm nl imenoa hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm’ (0 (0) ne ue eu haduineta. Lms pmutms rnlmdkaemhms hn MDD / MFM kedluyne rndainehmdkaens rnlnvmetns pmrm FG y, ne tmlns dmsas, lm buém hn FG sn rngknrn m nstas haduinetas. Zar nonipla, lm buém hn prnvnedkôe prkimrkm hn negnrinhmhns dmrhkavmsdulmrns hn 0:=; (4 ( 4) kedluyn kedluyn
lnvninetn rnhudkhm3 kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm skstôlkdm3 rnfm`klktmdkôe hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm3 gmllm dmrhkmdm3 kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm drôekdm3 kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm mbuhm hnsdaipnesm hnsdaipnesmhm3 hm3 sfadc dmrhkabëekda3 `laqunmharns `ntm3 metmbaekstms metmbaekstms hn las rndnptarns hn ikenrmladartkdakhns3 kefk`kharns hn lm NDM, metmbaekstms hn las rndnptarns hn mebkatneskem y enprklkskem3 smdu`ktrkla vmlsmrtíe3 metmbaekstm hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem3 kefk`kharns hnl datrmespartmhar datrmespartmh ar hn sahka y bludasm 0 a TBLX03 miklakhasks dmrhémdm3 gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr3 kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm daebnstkvm3
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
rndainehmdkaens qun snríe hn utklkhmh ne lm prnvnedkôe hn lm KD, y lm
m Hkspasktkvas kiplmetm`lns.
buém hn dmrhkapmtém vmlvulmr hn 0:0= (8 ( 8) prapar prapardkaem dkaem rndainehmdkaens
m ^sa hnl hkspasktkva hn mskstnedkm vnetrkdulmr kzquknrhm (HMWK) ne lm KD nstmhka H.
pmrm nl dlkpmon hn lm vílvulm iktrml (IW) ne lm rnburbktmdkôe iktrml (IP).
Lms írnms hn negaqun kedluyne? mZrnvnedkôe hn lm KD. mNstrmtnbkms hn imenoa ne ntmpm D FG,
kedluyneha? m Eunvms nstrmtnbkms hn trmtmikneta ne KD, kedlukhas las kefk`kharns hnl datrmespartmhar hn sahka-bludasm-0 (TBLX0k) y las kefk`kharns hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem-enprklkskem (MPEk). mImenoa hn KD y gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr (GM), kedlukhm lm m`lmdkôe hn lm GM. mImenoa hn KD n KI snduehmrkm, kedluyneha Pnpmrmdkôe hn `arhn m `arhn trmesdmtëtnr IW.
mNstrmtnbkms hn bnstkôe m m
XM@LM =
nspndégkdms, qun kedluyne? Miklakhasks dmrhémdm. Dmrhka-aedalabém.
Nl pÿ`lkda a`ontkva prkedkpml prnvksta daeskstn ne iëhkdas qun nstíe kevaludrmhas ne nl dukhmha hn pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. Lms rndainehmdkaens sn nstm`lndne ne rngnrnedkm m las pmdknetns y su nstmha. Nl a`ontkva ns prapardkaemr lm nvkhnedkm iís mdtumlkzmhm pmrm kegarimr ml iëhkda hurmetn lm taim hn hndkskaens daipmrtkhm dae nl pmdknetn. Muequn nl prnsnetn haduineta ea prntnehn snr ue imeuml hn rndainehmdkaens `msmha ne pradnhkiknetas qun hnsdrk`m lms inoarns prídtkdms pmrm lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, nxkstne dknrtms prídtkdms qun las iëhkdas punhne usmr qun nstíe msadkmhms dae inoarns rnsultmhas dléekdas. Ml hnsmrrallmr lm buém FG 0:00, nl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe rnvksô lms buéms pu`lkdmhms metnrkarinetn y lms hndlmrmdkaens rnlmdkaemhms. =daetknen uem lkstm hn nstms tm`lm =daetknen nstms pmut pmutms ms y hndlmrmdkaens daeskhnrmhms pnrtkenetns pmrm nstn nsgunrza hn nsdrkturm y nstí hnstkemha m snr utklkzmha daia ue rndursa, a`vkmeha msé lm endnskhmh hn rnpntkr lms rndainehmdkaens hn lms pmutms nxkstnetns.
Hkrndtrkdns y hndlmrmdkaens msadkmhms Zu`lkdmdkôe
Mýa Arbmekzmdkôe
(Pngnrnedkm)
MDDG / MFM
0:== (7 (7 )
MDDG/MFM/TDMK
0:== (2)
MDDG/MFM/TDMK
0:=7 (6 (6 )
Buém MDD/MFM 0:0: pmrm nl imenoa hn pmdknetns dae negnrinhmh vmlvulmr dmrhémdm
DMD/MFM
0:0= (8 (8)
Buém MFM/MDD 0:0: pmrm nl hkmbeôstkda y trmtmikneta hn pmdknetns dae ikadmrhkapmtém fkpnrtrôgkdm
DMD/MFM
0:0: (; (; )
Buém MDD/MFM 0:=; sa`rn lm prnvnedkôe prkimrkm hn negnrinhmhns dmrhkavmsdulmrns
DMD/MFM
0:=; (4 (4)
MFM / MDD / FPT
0:=; (= (=:)
Xétula
Zmutms Hkrndtrkdns hn lm MDDG/MFM hn 0:== pmrm lm dkrubém hn keonrta hn hnrkvmdkôe hn lm mrtnrkm daraemrkm
m
Fkllks nt ml., “0:== MDDG/MFM Bukhnlken gar Daraemry Mrtnry @ypmss Brmgt Turbnry’ mfarm sn rnniplmzm y rntkrm par “0:0= MDD/MFM/TDMK Bukhnlken gar Daraemry Mrtnry Pnvmsdulmrkzmtkae’ (> (>)
Hkrndtrkdns hn lm MDDG/MFM/TDMK hn 0:== pmrm lm ketnrvnedkôe daraemrkm pnrdutíenm m
Lnvken nt ml., "0:== MDDG / MFM / TDMK Bukhnlken gar Znrdutmenmry Daraemry Ketnrvnetkae" mfarm sn rnniplmzm y rntkrm par "0:0= MDD / MFM / TDMK Bukhnlken gar Daraemry Mrtnry Pnvmsdulmrkzmtkae" (> (>)
Buém hn mdtumlkzmdkôe negadmhm hn MDDG / MFM / TDMK 0:=> pmrm lm ketnrvnedkôe daraemrkm pnrdutíenm
0:=; MFM / MDD / FPT Mdtumlkzmdkôe negadmhm hn lm buém 0:=8 MFM / MDD / FPT pmrm nl imenoa hn Zmdknetns dae gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr 0:=2 MDD / MFM / MMZM / M@D / MDZI / MBT / MZfM / MTF / MTZD / EIM / ZDEM Hkrndtrkdns pmrm lm prnvnedkôe,
Hntnddkôe, Nvmlumdkôe y Imenoa hn lm Zrnskôe Mrtnrkml Mltm ne Mhultas 0:=2 MDD / MFM / FGTM Mdtumlkzmdkôe negadmhm hn lm buém 0:=4 MDDG / MFM pmrm nl
MDD/MFM/MMZM/M@D/MDZI/MBT/
0:=6 (= (==)
MpfM / MTF / MTZD / EIM / ZDEM
DMD/MFM/FGTM
0:=2 (0)
DMD/MFM/FGTM
0:=7 (=0)
MDD/MFM/MMXT/ZDEM/TDMK/TXT
0:=8 (=4)*
Imenoa hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm Mdtumlkzmdkôe negadmhm hn MDD/MFM/FGTM hn 0:=7 sa`rn lm eunvm tnrmpkm gmrimdalôbkdm pmrm lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm?
^em mdtumlkzmdkôe hn lm buém MDDG/MFM hn 0:=4 pmrm nl imenoa hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm
0:=8 MDD/MFM/MMXT/ZDEM/TDMK/TXT Mdtumlkzmdkôe Negadmhm hn lm Buém pmrm nl Hkmbeôstkda y Imenoa hn pmdknetns dae dmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm nstm`ln Hkrndtrkdns hn lm MFM/MDD hn 0:=4 sa`rn nl imenoa hnl nstkla hn vkhm pmrm rnhudkr nl rknsba dmrhkavmsdulmr
Buém MFM/MDD/XAT 0:=4 pmrm nl imenoa hnl sa`rnpnsa y lm a`nskhmh ne mhultas 0:=6 MFM / MDD / MMDWZP / MMZM / M@D / MDZI / MHM / MBT / MpfM / MTZD / ELM / ZDEM Hkrndtrkdns sa`rn lm
Imenoa hnl dalnstnral ne lm smebrn
MFM/MDD
0:=8 (= (=8)
MFM/MDD/XAT
0:=8 (= (= > )
MFM/MDD/MMDWZP/MMZM/M@D/MDZI/ MHM/MBT/MpfM/MTZD/ELM/ZDEM
0:=; ((hkndk hkndksëks sëks))
0:=4 MDD / MFM Hkrndtrkz sa`rn nl trmtmikneta hnl dalnstnral ne smebrn pmrm rnhudkr lm mtnrasdlnrasks Pknsba dmrhkavmsdulmr ne mhultas
DMD/MFM
0:=8 (=2)
0:=4 MDD / MFM Hkrndtrkz sa`rn lm Nvmlumdkôe hnl Pknsba Dmrhkavmsdulmr
DMD/MFM
0:=8 (= (=6)
Hkrndtrkdns hn lm MDDG/MFM hn 0:=4 pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm
MDDG / MFM
0:=4 (= (=)
Hkrndtrkdns hn lm MDDG/MFM hn 0:=4 pmrm nl trmtmikneta hnl kegmrta hn ikadmrhka dae nlnvmdkôe hnl snbineta TX
MDDG / MFM
0:=4 (=; (=;)) Daetkeum ne lm skbuknetn pmbkem
n2
n6
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
XM@LM =
Daetkeumha Zu`lkdmdkôe
Mýa Arbmekzmdkôe
(Pngnrnedkm)
MDDG / MFM / FPT
0:=0 (0 (0:)
MDDG/MFM/MDZ/MMXT/ ZDEM/TDMK/TXT
0:=0 (0= (0=))
Moí
0:== (00 (00))
MFM/MDDG Xnrmpkm hn Zrnvnedkôe Tnduehmrkm y Pnhuddkôe hn Pknsbas pmrm Zmdknetns dae Negnrinhmh Daraemrkm y atrms negnrinhmhns vmsdulmrns mtnrasdlnrôtkdms? mdtumlkzmdkôe hn 0:==
MFM/MDDG
04)) 0:== (04
0:=: Buém MDDG / MFM pmrm lm nvmlumdkôe hnl rknsba dmrhkavmsdulmr ne mhultas msketaiítkdas
MDDG / MFM
0:=: (0 (08)
Moí
0:=: (0 (0>)
EFL@K
0::4 (07)
Miklakhasks dmrhémdm? Hkmbeôstkda y imenoa ne nvaludkôe
Moí
0:0: (0 (02)
Zrun`ms hn pmdknetns hn `moa rknsba qun sn prnsnetme ne nl hnpmrtmineta hn ninrbnedkms dae hala r tarídkda
Moí
0:=: (0 (06)
MFM/MHM
0::2 (0 (0;)
Xétula 0:=0 MDDG / MFM / FPT Mdtumlkzmdkôe negadmhm hn lms Zmutms hn 0::6 pmrm lm tnrmpkm `msmhm ne hkspasktkvas
hn meaimléms hnl rktia dmrhémda 0:=0 MDDG / MFM / MDZ / MMXT / ZDEM / TDMK / TXT Buém pmrm nl hkmbeôstkda y imenoa hn pmdknetns dae dmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm nstm`ln Hkrndtrkdns `msmhms ne lm ngkdmdkm pmrm lm prnvnedkôe hn negnrinhmhns dmrhkavmsdulmrns ne iuonrns? mdtumlkzmdkôe hn 0:==
Zmrtn ;? Mtnedkôe pastnrkar m ue pmra dmrhémda? Zmutms hn lm Minrkdme Fnmrt Mssadkmtkae hn 0:=: pmrm dmrhkapuliaemr Pnmekimdkôe y Mtnedkôe Dmrhkavmsdulmr hn Ninrbnedkm
Tëptkia Kegarin hnl Daiktë Emdkaeml Daeoueta hn Zrnvnedkôe, Hntnddkôe, Nvmlumdkôe y Xrmtmikneta hn lm prnskôe mrtnrkml mltm Hndlmrmdkaens
Zrnvnedkôe Zrkimrkm hn Negnrinhmhns Dmrhkavmsdulmrns ne Znrsaems dae Hkm`ntns Inllktus
Zrnvnedkôe y daetral hn lm keglunezm
Dnetras pmrm nl Daetral y lm Zrnvnedkôe hn Negnrinhmhns
0::> (4 (4:)
* Lm pmutm TKFH daiplntm ns hn 0:=0 ((0= 0=).). Ne 0:=8 Ne 0:=8 sn pu`lkdô uem mdtumlkzmdkôe negadmhm (=4 (=4)). MMXT kehkdm Msadkmdkôe Minrkdmem hn Dkrubém Xarídkdm3 MMDWZP, Msadkmdkôe Minrkdmem hn Pnfm`klktmdkôe Dmrhkavmsdulmr y Zuliaemr3 MMZM, Mdmhnikm hn lm Msadkmdkôe Nstmhauekhnesn hn Mskstnetns Iëhkdas3 M@D, Msadkmdkôe hn Dmrhkôlabas Enbras3 MDD, Dalnbka Minrkdmea hn Dmrhkalabém3 MDDG, Guehmdkôe hnl Dalnbka Minrkdmea hn Dmrhkalabém3 MDZI, Dalnbka Minrkdmea hn Inhkdkem Zrnvnetkvm3 MHM, Msadkmdkôe Minrkdmem hn Hkm`ntns3 MBT, Tadknhmh Minrkdmem hn Bnrkmtrém3 MFM, Msadkmdkôe Minrkdmem hnl Darmzôe3 MpfM, Msadkmdkôe Nstmhauekhnesn hn Gmrimdëutkdas3 MTF, Ta dknhmh Minrkdmem hn Fkpnrtneskôe3 MTZD, Tadknhmh Minrkdmem hn Dmrhkalabém Zrnvnetkvm3 DHD, Dnetras pmrm nl Daetral y lm Zrnvnedkôe hn Negnrinhmhns3 NTD, Tadknhmh Nurapnm hn Dmrhkalabém3 FGTM, Ta dknhmh hn Kesugkdknedkm Dmrhémdm hn Miërkdm3 FPT, Tadknhmh hnl Pktia Dmrhémda3 EFL@K, Kestktuta Emdkaeml hnl Darmzôe, las Zuliaens y lm Tmebrn3 EKDN, Kestktuta Emdkaeml pmrm lm Nxdnlnedkm ne Tmluh y Mtnedkôe3 EIM, Msadkmdkôe Iëhkdm Emdkaeml3 ELM, Msadkmdkôe Emdkaeml hn Lépkhas3 ZDEM, Msadkmdkôe hn Negnrinrms Zrnvnetkvms Dmrhkavmsdulmrns3 TDMK, Ta dknhmh hn Mebkabrmgém n Ketnrvnedkaens Dmrhkavmsdulmrns3 TKFH, dmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm nstm`ln3 TXT, Tadknhmh hn Dkruomeas Xarídkdas3 XAT, Lm Tadknhmh hn lm A`nskhmh3 y RFG , Gnhnrmdkôe Iuehkml hnl Darmzôe.
=.>. Dlmsn hn rndainehmdkôe y ekvnl hn nvkhnedkm Lm dlmsn hn rndainehmdkôe (DAP) kehkdm lm gunrzm hn lm rndainehmdkôe, qun m`mrdm lm imbektuh nstkimhm y lm dnrtnzm hnl `nengkdka ne prapardkôe m
rknsba. Nl ekvnl hn nvkhnedkm (LAN) dmlkgkdm lm dmlkhmh hn lm nvkhnedkm dknetégkdm qun rnspmlhm lm ketnrvnedkôe ne guedkôe hnl tkpa, lm dmetkhmh y lm daeskstnedkm hn las hmtas hn las nesmyas dléekdas y (=). atrms gunetns (Xm`lm (Xm`lm 0) 0) (=
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
XM@LM 0
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Mplkdmdkôe hn lm dlmsn hn rndainehmdkôe y nl ekvnl hn nvkhnedkm hnl Dalnbka Nstmhauekhnesn hn Dmrhkalabém/Msadkmdkôe Nstmhauekhnesn hnl Darmzôe m nstrmtnbkms dléekdms, ketnrvnedkaens, trmtmiknetas a prun`ms hn hkmbeôstkda ne lm mtnedkôe ml pmdknetn (mdtumlkzmha ne imya hn 0:=;) *
=.7. m`rnvkmturms
Tkbekgkdmha / Grmsn
M`rnvkmturm
M`rnvkmturm
Tkbekgkdmha / Grmsn
MDNk
kefk`kharns hn lm nezkim daevnrtkharm hn mebkatneskem
grmedassukzas
kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm daebnstkvm
MDT
Nl séehrain daraemrka mbuha
NPD
negnrinhmh rneml draekdm
MPEk
kefk`kharns hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem-enprklkskem
PID
rnsaemedkm imbeëtkdm dmrhkavmsdulmr
@PM
`laqunmharns hn las rndnptarns hn mebkatneskem (KK)
DAWKH-=;
negnrinhmh hnl daraemvkrus 0:=;
MZMBMHA
gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr
DZNX
prun`m hn nonrdkdka dmrhkapuliaemr
ML-DI
ikadmrhkapmtém miklakhn hn dmhnem lkbnrm hn keiueabla`ulkem
tu`a hn rmyas dmtôhkdas
tnrmpkm hn rnskedraekzmdkôe dmrhkmdm
MXXP-DI
Ikadmrhkapmtém miklakhn par trmestkrntkem
XPD-H
tnrmpkm hn rnskedraekzmdkôe dmrhémdm dae hnsgk`rklmdkôe
MXXPv
miklakhasks par trmestkrntkem vmrkmetn
XPD-Z
tnrmpkm hn rnskedraekzmdkôe dmrhkmdm dae imrdmpmsas
MXXPwt
miklakhasks par trmestkrntkem hn tkpa smlvmon
Daeendtkdut
taiabrmgém daiputmrkzmhm
ZK@
Zëptkha emtrkurëtkda tkpa @
NDW
negnrinhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr
DM@B
dkrubém hn rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe daraemrkm
DWZ
prnskôe vneasm dnetrml
DMEMLLM
negnrinhmh hn lm mrtnrkm daraemrkm
HAMD
metkdambulmetns armlns hn mddkôe hkrndtm
iahulmdkôe hn lm daetrmdtklkhmh dmrhémdm
HZZ-8
hkpnptkhkl pnptkhmsm-8
IDZ
DaetDkaeeutnkehuknehtafentefnxetndxatlpumiben
Daetkeum ne lm skbuknetn pmbkem
n;
n=:
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
M`rnvkmturm
Tkbekgkdmha / Grmsn
M`rnvkmturm
Tkbekgkdmha / Grmsn
nlndtradmrhkabrmim
nlndtradmrhkabrmim
TBLX0k
kefk`kharns hnl datrmespartmhar hn sahka-bludasm-0
GN
grmddkôe hn nynddkôe
TZNDX
taiabrmgém daiputmrkzmhm hn nikskôe hn gatôe ÿekda
nBGP
tmsm hn gkltrmdkôe blainrulmr nstkimhm
;;iXd-ZNZ
pkragasgmta hn tndendka
GHM
Mhikekstrmdkôe hn Hrabms y Mlkinetas hn NN. ^^.
ML]^KXPÍE
Pnpmrmdkôe hn `arhn m `arhn iktrml trmesdmtëtnr
GLD BHIX
dmhnem lkbnrm lk`rn
XXN
tnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms
Wkrbkekm
ndadmrhkabrmim trmestarídkda mrrktikm vnetrkdulmr
MG
kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm
GW
Lm gk`rklmdkôe vnetrkdulmr
FGkipNG
kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe inoarmhm
WFH
negnrinhmh dmrhémdm vmlvulmr
FGirNG
kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe lnvninetn rnhudkhm
WA0
daesuia hn axébnea / daesuia hn axébnea
FGpNG
kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe daesnrvmhm
Wnriaet
tmqukdmrhkm vnetrkdulmr
FGrNG
kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm
DKN
hnsgk`rklmhar dmrhkavnrsar kiplmetm`ln
KGN
nlndtragarnsks hn keiueagkomdkôe
@PK
`laquna hn rmim kzquknrhm
@X
vnetrkdulmr kzquknrha
HMWK
hkspasktkva hn mskstnedkm vnetrkdulmr kzquknrhm
LWNHW
valuine tnlnhkmstôlkda hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha
GNWK
grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha
FWK
Fkpnrtragkm hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha
IDT
mpaya dkrdulmtarka indmekda
IK
kegmrta hn ikadmrhka
TPNT
rnburbktmdkôe iktrml
MPI
metmbaekstm hn las rndnptarns hn ikenrmladartkdakhns
IW
lm vílvulm iktrml
MKEN
Hrabm metk-keglmimtarkm lk`rn hn nstnrakhns
ETWX
tmqukdmrhkm vnetrkdulmr ea sastnekhm
EX-pra@EZ
Zrafariaem E-tnrikeml a pëptkha emtrkurëtkda tkpa @
E[FM
Msadkmdkôe hnl Darmzôe hn Eunvm [arc
MWMD
mýas hn vkhm moustmhas par dmlkhmh
ketnrvnedkaens tnrmpëutkd tnrmpëutkdms ms ne dmhm ntmpm tknene daia a`ontkva
DHW
dmlkhmh hn vkhm
iahkgkdmr las gmdtarns hn rknsba (ntmpm M), trmtmr lms dmrhkapmtéms
ZMZÍ
mrtnrkm puliaemr
nstrudturmlns y hn rknsba pmrm prnvnekr lm KD (ntmpm @), y rnhudkr las
ZDRZ
prnskôe hn nedlmvmikneta dmpklmr puliaemr
IMTDAXM
Xaiabrmgém hn nikskôe hn pasktraens
séetaims, lm iar`klkhmh y lm iartmlkhmh (ntmpms D y H). Zmrm m`arhmr nl pmpnl ne nvaludkôe hn las `kaimrdmharns y las dmi`kas nstrudturmlns
ZZMP-brmia
rndnptar bmiim mdtkvmha par nl pralkgnrmhar hn pnraxksaims
pmrm nl rndaeadkikneta hn pmdknetns qun nstíe ne rknsba hn hnsmrrallmr
MBZK
ídkha brmsa palkkesmturmha
PNML MDMHNIKM HN @NLLMT MPXNT
murkdulmr hnrndfa
PM_M
skstnim r nekem-mebkatneskem-mlhas nekem-mebkatneskem-mlhastnraem tnraem
PMMTk
Kefk`kharns hnl skstnim rnekem-mebkatneskem-mlhastnraem rnekem-mebkatneskem-mlhastnraem
NDM
nesmya daetralmha mlnmtarkzmha
dmsm rahmetn
vnetrédula hnrndfa
TDH
iunrtn dmrhémdm sÿ`ktm
0. HNGKEKDKÔE HN KD Hnsdrkpdkôe hn mltm grndunedkm
Lm KD ns ue séehrain dléekda daiplnoa dae séetaims y skbeas qun rnsultme hn dumlquknr hntnrkara nstrudturml a guedkaeml hnl llnemha vnetrkdulmr a lm nynddkôe hn smebrn. Nl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe rndaeadn qun lms ntmpms msketaiítkdms dae dmrhkapmtém d mrhkapmtém nstrudturml a ikadmrhkapmtéms ea nstíe du`knrtms par lm hngkekdkôe hngkekdkô e metnrkar hn KD. Hkdfas nstmhkas msketaiítkdas sn daeskhnrme hn rknsba pmrm KD (nstmhka M) a prn-KD (nstmhka @), daia sn nxplkdm neTnddkôe ne Tnddkôe 0.=, 0.=, “Ntmpms hn lm KD’.
0.=. Ntmpms hn lm KD Lms ntmpms MDD / MFM hn FG (Gkburm ==,, Xm`lm 4) 4) fmdne fked fkedmpkë mpkë ne nl hnsmrralla y lm prabrnskôe hn lm negnrinhmh ((==,0), y lms ntmpms mvm ntmpms mvmezmhms ezmhms y lm prabrnskôe sn msadkme dae uem supnrvkvnedkm rnhudkhm (4 ( 4). Lms
kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, qun sae dmehkhmtas patnedkmlns pmrm nstrmtnbkms hn trmtmikneta nspndégkdms pmrm lm prnvnedkôe hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, y pmrm inoarmr lm daiprneskôe y mhapdkôe hn nstms dlmskgkdmdkaens, nl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe prapusa lms tnrikealabéms neuinrmhms neXm`lm neXm`lm 4 pmrm lms ntmpms hn lm KD. Zmrm Zmr m daeadnr daeadnr las las ui`rmlns hn dmi`kas guedkaemlns y nstrudturmlns dmrhémdas, prnskaens hn llnemha nlnvmhms y nlnvmdkaens hn `kaimrdmharns, daesultnMpëehkdn daesultnMpëehkdn 4. 4.
DaetkeDuaneh tkekuenthfaneetnfxntednaxltupimebn
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
XM@LM 4
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Ntmpms hn lm KD
Ntmpms Ntmpm M? ne rknsba hn KD
Hngkekdkôe y Drktnrkas Ne rk rknsba nsba h hnn KD pnra sske ke séetaims séetaims,, dmrhkapmté dmrhkapmtémm nst nstrudtu rudturml rml a `kaimrdmharns `kaimrdmharns dmrhémdas dmrhémdas hn nstkr nstkrmiknet mikneta a a lnskôe lnskôe (p. no., no., p pmdknet mdknetns ns ddae ae fkpnrtne fkpnrtneskôe, skôe, NDW mtnrasdlnrôtkdm, hkm`ntns, séehrain intm`ôlkda y a`nskhmh, nxpaskdkôe m mbnetns dmrhkatôxkdas, vmrkmetn bneëtkdm hn ikadmrhkapmtém a metndnhnetns gmiklkmrns pasktkvas hn ikadmrhkapmtém).
Ntmpm @ @?? Zrn-FG
Tke sé séetaims a skb ea eas hn hn KD KD y n vk vkhnedkm h hnn = hn lla as sk skbuknetn ss?? Dmrhkapmtém nstrudturml* nstrudturml* m
Guedkôe skstôlkdm vnetrkdulmr kzquknrhm a hnrndfm rnhudkhm
m
Fkpnrtragkm vnetrkdulmr
m
Miplkmdkôe hn díimrm
m
Meaimléms ne nl iavkikneta hn lm
m
pmrnh Dmrhkapmtém vmlvulmr
mGrmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm, tneskôe rnhudkhm
Nvkhnedkm hn prnskaens hn llnemha muinetmhms* muinetmhms*
m
Zar inhkhms fniahkeíikdms kevmskvms
m
Inhkmetn kiíbnens ea kevmskvms qun subknrme prnskaens hn llnemha nlnvmhms (p. no., ndadmrhkabrmgém Happlnr)
Zmdknetns dae gmdtarns hn rknsba y m
Muineta hn las ekvnlns hn @EZ @E Z*a Xrapaekem
m dmrhémdm pnrskstnetninetn nlnvmhm ne musnedkm hn hkmbeôstkdas daipntktkvas qun rnsultne ne nlnvmdkaens hn `kaimrdmharns tmlns daia séehrain daraemrka mbuha, NPD, ni`alkm puliaemr a ikapnrkdmrhktks
Nstmhka D? KD sketaiítkdm
Dmrhkapmtém nstrudturml dae séetaims mdtumlns a prnvkas hn KD.
Nstmhka H? KD mvmezmhm
Téetaims imrdmhas hn KD qun ketnrgknrne dae lm vkhm hkmrkm y dae faspktmlkzmdkaens rndurrnetns m pnsmr hn las ketnetas hn aptkikzmr BHIX.
* Zmrm daeadnr las ui`rmlns hn dmi`kas guedkaemlns y nstrudturmlns dmrhémdas, prnskaens hn llnemha nlnvmhms y nlnvmdkaens hn `kaimrdmharns, daesultn daesultnMpëehkdn Mpëehkdn 44..
@EZ kehkdm pëptkha emtrkurëtkda hn tkpa @3 NPD, negnrinhmh rneml drôekdm3 NDW, negnrinhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr3 BHIX, tnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms3 y FG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm.
Dlmskgkdmdkôe hn lm Msadkmdkôe hnl Darmzôe hn Eunvm [arc (E[FM)
nlnbk`klkhmh hn las pmdknetns pmrm lms nstrmtnbkms hn trmtmikneta. Las
Lm dlmskgkdmdkôe hn lm E[FM sn utklkzm pmrm dmrmdtnrkzmr las séetaims y lm dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml hn las pmdknetns dae KD sketaiítkdm (nstmhka D) a KD mvmezmhm (nstmhka H). Ns uem nvmlumdkôe su`ontkvm rnmlkzmhm par ue iëhkda y punhn dmi`kmr dae nl tknipa. Muequn lm rnprahudk`klkhmh y lm vmlkhnz punhne snr lkiktmhms l kiktmhms (8 (8,>), lm dlmskgkdmdkôe dlmskgkdmdkô e guedkaeml guedkaeml hn lm E[FM ns ue prnhkdtar kehnpnehknetn hn lm prídtkdm prídtkdm dléekdm iartmlkhmh (7 (7,2), y ns miplkminetn utklkzmha ne lm pmrm hntnrikemr lm
iëhkdas nspndkgkdme lm dlmskgkdmdkôe hn lm E[FM ml kekdka hnspuës hnl hkmbeôstkda kekdkml y hnspuës hnl trmtmikneta m la lmrba hn lm mtnedkôe daetkeum hn ue pmdknetn dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. Muequn ue pmdknetn dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm sketaiítkdm (nstmhka D) punhn valvnrsn msketaiítkda dae nl trmtmikneta (dlmsn K hn lm E[FM), nsn pmdknetn mÿe sn dlmskgkdmrí daia kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne nstmhka D. Las pmdknetns dae KD ne nstmhka D punhne dlmskgkdmrsn snbÿe lm trmyndtarkm hn sus séetaims ( Gkburm 0). 0).
n==
n=0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
GKB^PM =Ntmpms MDD / MFM hn FG
Tn iunstrme lms ntmpms MDD/MFM hn FG. MDD kehkdm Dalnbka Minrkdmea hn Dmrhkalabém3 MFM, Msadkmdkôe Minrkdmem hnl Darmzôe3 NDW, negnrinhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr3 BHIX, tnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms3 y FG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm.
GKB^PM 0Xrmyndtarkm hn lm Ntmpm D FG
Tn iunstrm lm trmyndtarkm hn lm ntmpm D FG. Las pmdknetns duyas séetaims y skbeas hn KD sn rnsunlvne mÿe sn nedunetrme ne nl nstmhka D y hn`ne rndk`kr nl trmtmikneta darrnspaehknetn. Tk sn rnsunlvne tahas las séetaims, skbeas y meaimléms nstrudturmlns hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, sn daeskhnrm qun nl pmdknetn tknen kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne rnikskôe. FG kehkdm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm3 y LW, vnetrédula kzquknrha. * Lm rnsaludkôe daiplntm hn lms meaimléms dmrhémdms nstrudturmlns y guedkaemlns ns pada grndunetn.
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
0.0. Dlmskgkdmdkôe hn lm KD par grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha (GNWK)
Lm GNWK sn daeskhnrm kipartmetn ne lm dlmskgkdmdkôe hn las pmdknetns dae KD hn`kha m las hkgnrnetns praeôstkdas y rnspunstms m las trmtmiknetas y parqun lm imyarém hn las nesmyas dléekdas snlnddkaeme m las pmdknetns ne guedkôe hn lm grmddkôe hn nynddkôe
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
las ekvnlns mpayme nl hkmbeôstkda, pnra las ekvnlns earimlns ea nxdluyne ue hkmbeôstkda hn FGirNG a FGpNG. Zmrm inoarmr lm nspndkgkdkhmh hnl hkmbeôstkda hn FGirNG y FGpNG, nl hkmbeôstkda dléekda hn FG ne nstms dmtnbaréms hn GN hn`n rnspmlhmrsn mÿe iís dae inhkhms a`ontkvms. Zar la tmeta, nl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe prapaen mbrnbmr nvkhnedkm hn prnskaens hn llnemha hnl WK muinetmhms
(GN). Las NDM dae nvkhnedkm hn `nengkdka ne lm supnrvkvnedkm ne pmdknetns dae KD kedluynrae prkedkpmlinetn m pmdknetns dae KD dae uem GNWK # 4> % a # 8: %, m ineuha hneaikemhm KD dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhu rnhudkhm dkhm (FGrNG) ((==). Ne nstm buém, FGrNG sn hngken daia LWNG # 8:% (Xm`l (Xm`lmm 8). 8). Lm KD dae KD dae GN daesnrvmhm (FGpNG) rnprnsnetm ml ineas nl >:% hn lm pa`lmdkôe dae KD, y su prnvmlnedkm vm ne muineta (0 (0). Lm KDGNp sn fm dlmskg dlmskg kdmha kdmha hn garim vmrkm`ln daia GNWK 5 8: %, 5 8> % a $ >: %. Hn`kha m qun mlbueas hn nstas pmdknetns ea tknene uem GNWK daiplntminetn eariml pnra tmipada tknene uem rnhuddkôe kipartmetn ne lm guedkôe skstôlkdm, sn fm utklkzmha nl tërikea GN prnsnrvmhm. Ne nstm buém, nl ui`rml pmrm FGpNG ns uem LWNG $ >:% (Xm`lm (Xm`lm 88).). Las pmdknetns dae KD y uem GNWK netrn nl rmeba hn KDGNr y KDGNp fme skha hneaikemhas daia “KD dae GN hn rmeba inhka’ (4 (4,8), a “KD
nspaetíenms (ne rnpasa) a pravadm`lns (p. no., hurmetn nl nonrdkdka, sa`rndmrbm hn léqukhas) (p. no., pëptkha emtrkurëtkda nlnvmha, inhkdkôe fniahkeíikdm ea kevmskvm/kevmskvm) m lms dlmskgkdmdkaens hn FGirNG y KDGNd (Xm`lm (Xm`lm 88).).
dae GN l GN lnnvninetn rnhudkhm’ ((88). Hn`kha m qun lm GNWK ns ns iís `mom hn la eariml, nstas pmdknetns sn dlmskgkdme ne nstn haduineta daia KD dae GN lnvninetn rnhudkhm (FGirNG). Las pmdknetns dae FGirNG bnenrmlinetn sn nedunetrme ne uem trmyndtarkm hkeíikdm fmdkm lm inoarm hn lm FGrNG a fmdkm nl hntnrkara hn lm FGrNG (gkburm (gkburm 4). 4). Zar la tmeta, pmrm las las pmdkne pmdknetns tns duym GN sn nedunetrm ne nstm dmtnbarém lnvninetn rnhudkhm, lm inhkdkôe hn = GN ne ue pueta hn tknipa punhn ea snr mhndumhm, y ns kipartmetn ki partmetn nvmlumr lm trmyndtarkm hn lm GNWK m la lmrba hnl tknipa y lm dmusm (gkburm (gkburm 44).). Mhniís, nl hkmbeôstkda kmbeôstkda hn hn FGirNG y FGpNG punhn snr ue hnsmgéa. Muequn las skbeas y séetaims dléekdas dlískdas hn lm KD, oueta dae uem GN hnl 8= % ml 8; % a hnl >: %, rnspndtkvminetn, sae endnsmrkas pmrm nl hkmbeôstkda hn lm KDGNir y lm KDGNp, las rnquksktas hn inhkhms a`ontkvms mhkdkaemlns hn hksguedkôe dmrhémdm punhne inoarmr nl hkmbeôstkda. nspndkgkdkhmh Las skbeas y séetaims hn lm KD sae grndunetninetn kenspndégkdas y sn supnrpaene dae atrms daehkdkaens dléekdms. Zëptkha emtrkurëtkda nlnvmha
hnl WK. Ne lm imyarém hn las pmdknetns, punhne pnrskstkr meaimléms nstrudturmlns dmrhémdms, daia hklmtmdkôe hn lm díimrm hnl WK y hksguedkôe skstôlkdm y hkmstôlkdm vnetrkdulmr. Mhniís, las dmi`kas ne lm GNWK pahréme ea snr uekhkrnddkaemlns3 ue pmdknetn punhn tnenr uem inoarém snbukhm hn uem hksikeudkôe hn lm GN a vkdnvnrsm snbÿe lm dmusm su`ymdnetn, lm hurmdkôe hn lm negnrinhmh, lm mhfnrnedkm ml BHIX a lm rnnxpaskdkôe m lm dmrhkataxkdkhmh (> (>). Zar la tmeta, nl daiktë hn rnhmddkôe nlkbkô ea utklkzmr “GN rndupnrmhm’ a FGpNG, kedlusa sk lm GNWK su`skbuknetn gun 5 >: %, skea “FG da dae e GN inoarmhm’ (FGkipNG) daia ue su`brupa hn FGrNG pmrm dmrmdtnrkzmr m nstas pmdknetns (Xm`lm (Xm`lm 8, Gkburm 44).). Ns kipartmetn hnstmdmr qun lm GN punhn hksikeukr hnspuës hn lm suspneskôe hnl trmtmikneta gmrimdalôbkda ne iudfas pmdknetns qun fm`éme inoarmha lm inoarmha lm GN fmstm nl rmeba rmeba eariml dae BHIX ((>>). Lm trmyndtarkm hn lm GNWK punhn snr kipartmetn, y uem rnhuddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm hn lm GNWK dae nl tknipa ns ue gmdtar hn iml praeôstkda.
Lm “Buém MDDG / MFM 0:=4 pmrm nl imenoa hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm’ (= (=) fm utklkzmha lm tnrikealabém FGpNG-kipravnh pmrm mqunllas duym NG inoarô hn ue ekvnl iís `moa m NG5 8:% `moa nl su`brupa hn pmdknetns dae FGpNG. Atras fme prapunsta uem hngkekdkôe hn trm`moa hn lm GN rndupnrmhm par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm qun kedluém uem GNWK kekdkml # 8: %, ue muineta hn $ =: % hnshn lm GNWK kekdkml y uem snbuehm inhkdkôe hn GNWK 5 8: % (4 ( 4). Muequn sn msadkm dae inoarns rnsultmhas, lm inoarm hn lm GNWK ea skbekgkdm uem rndupnrmdkôe ikadírhkdm daiplntm a lm earimlkzmdkôe hn lm guedkôe
n=4
n=8
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
XM@LM 8
Dlmskgkdmdkôe hn KD par GNWK
Xkpa hn KD snbÿe GNWK
Drktnrkas
FGrNG (KD dae GN rnhudkhm)
m
GNWK # 8:%
FGkipNG (FG dae NG inoarmha)
m
GNWK prnvkm # 8:% y uem inhkhm hn snbukikneta hn GNWK 5 8:%
FGirNG (KD dae GN lnvninetn rnhudkhm)
m
GNWK 8=% —8;%
m
Nvkhnedkm hn muineta nspaetíena a pravadmtkva hn lms prnskaens hn llnemha hnl WK (p. no., pëptkha emtrkurëtkda nlnvmha, inhkdkôe fniahkeíikdm ea kevmskvm n kevmskvm)
m
GNWK $ >:%
m
Nvkhnedkm hn muineta nspaetíena a pravadmtkva hn lms prnskaens hn llnemha hnl WK (p. no., pëptkha emtrkurëtkda nlnvmha, inhkdkôe fniahkeíikdm ea kevmskvm n kevmskvm)
FGpNG (KD dae GN daesnrvmhm)
Zar gmvar ikrm ikrmMpëehkdn 4pm 4pmrm rm daeadnr las ui`rmlns subnrkhas pmrm lm dmrhkapmtém nstrudturml y lm nvkhnedkm hn prnskaens hn llnemha muinetmhms. FG kehkdm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm3 WK, vnetrédula kzquknrha3 y GNWK, grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha.
GKB^PM 4Dlmskgkdmdkôe y trmyndtarkms hn lm KD ne guedkôe hn lm GNWK
Imr ImrM Mpëehkdn 4pmrm 4pmrm daeadnr daeadnr las ui`rmlns subnrkhas pmrm las fmllmzbas hn lm`armtarka. Tn iunstrm lm dlmskgkdmdkôe pmrm lm GNWK kekdkml y pastnrkar. Tn daeskhnrm qun las pmdknetns dae KDGNr qun inoarme su GNWK 5 8:% tknene KDGNk y hn`ne daetkeumr nl trmtmikneta hn lm KDGNr. FG kehkdm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm3 FGkipNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe inoarmhm3 FGirNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe lnvninetn rnhudkhm3 FGpNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe daesnrvmhm3 FGrNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm3 y GNWK, grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha. * Nxkstn nvkhnedkm lk iktmhm pmrm bukmr nl trmtmikneta hn las pmdknetns qun inoarme su GNWK hnshn lnvninetn rnhudkhm (8=% -8;%) m $ >:%. Ea nstí dlmra sk trmtmr m nstas pmdknetns daia FGpNG a FGirNG.
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
0.4. Mlbarktia Hkmbeôstkda pmrm lm Dlmskgkdmdkôe hn lm KD Tnbÿe lm GNWK Lms mltnrmdkaens nstrudturmlns y guedkaemlns hnl darmzôe daia dmusm su`ymdnetn hn lm prnsnetmdkôe dléekdm mpayme nl hkmbeôstkda hn FGirNG n FGpNG (= ( =) ((Gkburm Gkburm 8). 8). Las drktnrk drktnrkas as pmrm pmrm nl h hkmbeôstkda kmbeôstkda hn FGirNG y FGpNG rnquknrne nvkhnedkm hn muineta hn lms prnskaens hn llnemha hnl WK ne rnpasa, nonrdkdka u atrms pravadmdkaens. Las drktnrkas punhne duiplkrsn dae fmllmzbas hn ekvnlns nlnvmhas hn pëptkhas emtrkurëtkdas, pmríintras ndadmrhkabrígkdas hkmstôlkdas daia ue N/n:ZT=> u atrm nvkhnedkm hn prnskaens hn llnemha nlnvmhms, a inhkdkôe fniahkeíikdm kevmskvm ne rnpasa a nonrdkdka. Lm nvkhnedkm hn dmrhkapmtém nstrudturml (p. no., mltnrmdkaens nstrudturmlns a guedkaemlns hnl WK) sn s n punhn utklkzmr pmrm rnspmlhmr mÿe iís nl hkmbeôstkda hn FGpNG. Lms mltnrmdkaens nstrudturmlns dlmvn sae ue muineta hnl tmimýa y valuine hn lm murédulm kzquknrhm (éehkdn hn valuine hn lm murédulm kzquknrhm) y/a ue muineta hn lm imsm hnl WK (éehkdn hn imsm hnl WK). Lm prun`m hn nsgunrza dae nonrdkdka dae nvmlumdkôe ndadmrhkabrígkdm hn las pmríintras hkmstôlkdas punhn snr ÿtkl sk nl hkmbeôstkda skbun skneha kedknrta.0 kedknrta.0,4). Daia mltn mltnremtkvm, remtkvm, a mhniís, sn punhn rnmlkzmr fniahkeíikdm kevmskvm ne rnpasa a dae nonrdkdka, dae nvmlumdkôe hn lms prnskaens hn llnemha (prnskôe hn nedlmvmikneta hn las dmpklmrns puliaemrns a prnskaens tnlnhkmstôlkdms hnl WK, prnskaens hn lm mrtnrkm puliaemr SMZY, valÿinens skstôlkdas y bmsta dmrhémda) pmrm myuhmr mÿe iís. nstm`lndnr nl hkmbeôstkda (8 ( 8).
Nl hkmbeôstkda hn FGpNG m ineuha ns ue hnsmgéa. ^em puetumdkôe dléekdm daipunstm pmrm hkmbeastkdmr FGpNG, lm F0 Zuet uetumdkôe umdkôe GZNG ((>-2 >-2),), ketnbrm nstms vmrkm`lns prnhkdtarms? a`nskhmh, gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr (GM), nhmh 5 7: mýas, trmtmikneta dae $ 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
inhkdminetas metkfkpnrtneskvas, ndadmrhkabrígkda N / n:dadknetn 5 ;, y prnskôe skstôlkdm ZM ndadmrhkabrígkdm 5 4> iiFb. Tn utklkzô uem puetumdkôe paehnrmhm `msmhm ne nstms 7 vmrkm`lns pmrm drnmr lm puetumdkôe daipunstm qun vm hn : m ;. Lms pra`m`klkhmhns hn FGpNG sn huplkdmrae par dmhm muineta hn puetumdkôe hn = uekhmh (ahhs rmtka, =,;63 KD hnl ;> %? =,28-0,4:3pmb
n=7
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
GKB^PM 8Mlbarktia hn hkmbeôstkda pmrm dlmskgkdmdkôe `msmhm ne FG y NG
Tn iunstrm nl mlbarktia pmrm ue hkmbeôstkda hn K D y dlmskgkdmdkôe `msmhm ne GN. @EZ kehkdm pëptkha emtrkurëtkda hn tkpa @3 NDB, nlndtradmrhkabrmim3 GN, grmddkôe hn nynddkôe3 KD, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 FGirNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe lnvninetn rnhudkhm3 FGpNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe daesnrvmhm3 FGrNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm3 GNWK? grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha3 WK, vnetrédula kzquknrha3 y EX-pra@EZ, pëptkha emtrkurëtkda hn tkpa E-tnrikeml pra-@.
4. NZKHNIKALABÉM [ DM^TMT HN LM KD 4.=. Npkhnikalabém hn lm KD
Xnehnedkms ne Iartmlkhmh y Faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD Lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ns uem dmrbm ndaeôikdm y hn smluh dmhm vnz imyar pmrm las Nstmhas ^ekhas, ne brme pmrtn hn`kha ml nevnondkikneta hn lm pa pa`lm lmdkôe dkôe ((==,0). M pmrtkr hn 0:=0, lm tmsm hn iartmlkhmh pnr dípktm moustmhm par nhmh par KD muinetô par prkinrm vnz ne las Nstmhas ^ekhas (4). ^em nvm nvmlumdkôe lumdkôe rndknetn ne las NN. ^^. nedaetrô qun nl tatml hn iunrtns dmusmhms par par lm KD muinetô hn 02> ::: ne 0::; m 4=: ::: ne
mhultas, lm kedkhnedkm hn KD fm hksikeukha (> (>). Netrn Netrn las `nengkdkmrkas hn Inhkdmrn hn NN. ^^., lm kedkhnedkm hn KD hksikeuyô hn 47 dmsas par =::: `nengkdkmrkas ne 0:== m 02 dmsas par =::: `nengkdkmrkas ne 0:=8 y sn imetuva nstm`ln fmstm 0:=7 (> ( >). Tn fme a`snrvmha tnehnedkms hkvnrbnetns ne lm kedkhnedkm hn KD pmrm mqunllas dae FGrNG (kedkhnedkm hndrndknetn) n FGpNG (kedkhnedkm drndknetn) (7 ( 7,2). Lms iunrtns mtrk`uk`lns m lms ikadmrhkap ikadmrhkapmtéms mtéms fme muinetmha ne taha nl iueha hn`kha, ne pmrtn, m ue imyar rndaeadkikneta, hkmbeôstkda y haduinetmdkôe hn ikadmrhkapmtéms nspndégkdms y dmrhkataxkdkhmh.00). dmrhkataxkdkhmh.
0:=8 (4 (4). Lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD ne NN. ^^. hksikeuynrae fmstm 0:=0 (8 ( 8)3 ske ni`mrba, hn 0:=4 m 0:=2 sn a`snrvô ue muineta hn faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD. Ne 0:=2, fu`a =,0 ikllaens hn faspktmlkzmdkaens par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne
Hkspmrkhmhns rmdkmlns y ëtekdms ne lm iartmlkhmh y faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD Znrskstne lms hkspmrkhmhns rmdkmlns y ëtekdms ne lms iunrtns par
las Nstmhas ^ekhas netrn ;08 ::: pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ((88). Nsta Nsta rnprnsnetm ue muineta hnl 07 % ne lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD y ne nl eÿinra
kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, y las pmdknetns enbras ea fkspmeas tknene lm tmsm hn iartmlkhmh pnr dípktm iís mltm (8 ( 8). ^e ^e kegarin qun nxmikeô lm
hn pmdknetns faspktmlkzmhas par KD.
pa`lmdkôe hn NN. ^^. nedaetrô qun lm tmsm hn iartmlkhmh par KD moustmhm
Muequn nl eÿinra m`saluta hn pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm fm drndkha ne pmrtn daia rnsultmha hnl muineta hnl eÿinra hn pmdknetns imyarns
par nhmh nrm hn ;0 par =:: ::: pnrsaems pmrm pmdknetns enbras ea fkspmeas, 62 par =:: ::: pmrm pmdknetns `lmedas ea fkspmeas,
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
`ne ng kkdkmrkas dkmrkas hn y >4 par =::,::: pmrm pmdknetns fkspmeas ((88). Netrn las `neng Inhkdmrn, las `nengkdkmrkas enbras ea fkspmeas tuvknrae uem hksikeudkôe lkbnrminetn imyar ne lm kedkhnedkm hn KD (46 dmsas par =::: m 07 dmsas par =:::,ZMBT¼:.::;) qun las `nengkdkmrkas `lmedas ea fkspmeas (47 dmsas par =::: m 06 dmsas par =:::,ZMBT¼:.::4) hn 0:== m 0:=7 ((88). Netrn las pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm nstm`lndkhm, las l as pmdknetns pmdknetns enbras ea fkspmeas nxpnrkinetmrae uem tmsm iís mltm hn faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y uem tmsm iís `mom hn iunrtn ne daipmrmdkôe dae las pmdknetns `lmedas ea fkspmeas dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm (6-=: (6-=:).). Tn fm nedaetrmha qun las pmdknetns pmdknetns fksp fkspmeas meas dae KD tknene skiklmrns ((66) a ims mlta (=: (=:)) Xmsms hn faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD y skiklmrns kiklmrns (=: (=:)) a `m oa `m oa ((66) lms tmsms hn iartmlkhmh ne daipmrmdkôe dae las las pmdknetns pmdknetns `lmeda `lmedas ea fkspmeas. Las pmdknetns mskítkdas/kslnýas hnl Zmdégkda dae KD fme tnekha uem tmsm hn faspktmlkzmdkôe skiklmr m lm hn las pmdknetns `lmedas ea =:). Nstms hkspmrkhmhns fkspmeas, pnra uem tmsm hn iunrtn iís `mom (6 ( 6,=:). rmdkmlns y ëtekdms ne nl rnsultmha, rnsult mha, pmrm pmrm mqunllas dae KD, oustkgkdme nstuhkas y dmi`kas ne lms palétkdms hn smluh pmrm m`arhmr lm kenqukhmh ne lm smluh.
4.0. Dmusm hn lm KD
dmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm n kegmrta hn ikadmrhka (KI), fkpnrtneskôe y dmrhkapmtém vmlvulmr (WFH). Atrms dmusms punhne kedlukr dmrhkaikapmtéms gmiklkmrns a bneëtkdms3 miklasks3 dmrhkataxkdkhmh dae díednr u atras trmtmiknetas a m`usa hn sustmedkms daia mldafal, dadméem a intmegntmikem3 tmqukdmrhkm, nstkiulmdkôe hnl vnetrédula hnrndfa (WH) a dmrhkaikapmtéms kehudkhms par nstrës3 ikadmrhkapmtém pnrkpmrta3 ikadmrhktks3 dmusms mutakeiuens, smrdakhasks3 sa`rndmrbm hn fknrra, kedlukhm lm fniadraimtasks3 y negnrinhmh hn lm tkrakhns y atrms dmusms eutrkdkaemlns y intm`ôlkdms nehadrkems (Xm`lm (Xm`lm >>).). Mhniís, dae kiíbnens dmrhémdms y `kaimrdmharns, lm lnskôe lnskôe ikadí ikadírhkdm rhkdm a las dmi`kas nstrudturmlns hnsmhmptmtkvas dmrhémdas punhne hntndtmrsn ne gmsns iís tniprmems dae uem snesk`klkhmh iís mltm, kedlusa ne musnedkm hn hksguedkôe WK brmvn a séetaims. Dae lm pmehnikm hn lm negnrinhmh par daraemvkrus 0:=; (DAWKH-=;), las kevnstkbmharns nstíe a`tnekneha inoarns daeadkiknetas sa`rn lm kegnddkôe y lm lnskôe ikadírhkdm y lm ikadmrhktks rnlmdkaemhms dae lm keglmimdkôe. Dae lm dmpmdkhmh dmhm vnz imyar pmrm hntndtmr lnskaens ikadírhkdms ikad írhkdms y dae uem daedknedkm dmhm vnz imyar hn lm dmrhkataxkdkhmh y las pmtraens hn lnskaens, kedlukhm lm keglmimdkôe, ns pra`m`ln qun lm kesugkdknedkm
rnlmtkva y rknsba mtrk`uk`ln m lm pa`lmdkôe pmrm nl hnsmrralla hn KD. Zar la
dmrhémdm prn-KD a ntmpm @ daetkeÿn muinetmeha. Iís mllí hn lms dlmskgkdmdkaens hn lm GN y lm nstmhkgkdmdkôe hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, las iëhkdas hn`ne `usdmr lm dmusm hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm parqun lm dmusm punhn hntnrikemr nl trmtmikneta mhndumha mhndumh a ((Xm`lm Xm`lm > >).).
tmeta, uem brme prapardkôe hn lm pa`lmdkôe hn NN. ^^. punhn dlmskgkdmrsn
8. NWML^MDKÔE KEKDKML [ TNPKN
Ne las Nstmhas ^ekhas, mpraxkimhminetn ==> ikllaens hn pnrsaems tknene fkpnrtneskôe, =:: ikllaens tknene a`nskhmh, ;0 ikllaens tknene prnhkm`ntns, 07 ikllaens tknene hkm`ntns y =0> ikllaens tknene NDW rkn sba daeadkhas dae mlta rknsba mtnrasdlnrôtkdm.=). Nstas sae gmdtarns hn rkns mtnrasdlnrôtkdm.=
daia ne rknsba hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm a kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne ntmpm
8.=. Nvmlumdkôe Dléekdm? Fkstarkm y Nxmine Géskda
M. Lms dmusms daiuens hn KD kedluyne
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm lm Nvmlumdkôe Dléekdm? Fkstarkm y Nxmine Géskda Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
=
@-EP
=. Ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, sn hn`ne nvmlumr las skbeas vktmlns y lm nvkhnedkm hn daebnstkôe dléekdm ne dmhm nedunetra pmrm bukmr nl imenoa bnenrml, kedlukha nl moustn hn hkurëtkdas y atras inhkdminetas (=-7 (=-7).).
=
@-EP
0. Ne pmdknetns dae KD sketaiítkdm, las gmdtarns dléekdas qun kehkqune lm prnsnedkm hn KD mvmezmhm hn`ne `usdmrsn m trmvës hn lm fkstarkm dléekdm y nl nxmine géskda géskda (2 (2-=0 -=0).).
=
@-EP
i kadmrhkapmtém, sn hn`n a`tnenr a mdtumlkzmr ue fkstarkml gmiklkmr 4. Ne pmdknetns dae ikadmrhkapmtém, gmikl kmr hn 4 bnenrmdkaens ml nvmlumr lm dmusm hn lm ikadmrhkapmtém pmrm khnetkgkdmr uem pask`ln negnrinhmh fnrnhktmrkm fnrnhktmrkm (= (=4,=8).
=
@-EP
=
DNA
8. Ne las pmdknetns qun prnsnetme kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, uem fkstarkm dléekdm y ue nxmine géskda daipl ntas hn`ne hkrkbkr lms nstrmtnbkms hn hkmbeôstkda pmrm hnsdu`rkr dmusms nspndégkdms qun punhme oustkgkdmr ue trmtmikneta nspndégkda hn lm negnrinhmh (=>, =>,hk hkndksëks ndksëks).).
>. Ne las pmdknetns qun prnsnetme KD, sn hn`n a`tnenr y rnmlkzmr uem fkstarkm dléekdm y ue nxmine géskda daiplntas pmrm khnetkgkdmr trmstareas dmrhémdas y ea dmrhémdas, d mrhémdas, nstkla hn vkhm y gmdtarns daehudtumlns, y hntnrikemetns sadkmlns hn lm smluh qun pahréme dmusmr a mdnlnrmr nl hnsmrralla a lm prabrnskôe hn lm KD.
n=2
n=6
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Tkeapsks Lm memiensks y lm nxplarmdkôe géskdm skbune skneha ue pklmr guehminetml ne lm vmlarmdkôe hn las pmdknetns dae KD. Lm memiensks y nl nxmine géskda `rkehme kegarimdkôe sa`rn lm dmusm hn uem ikadmrhkapmtém su`ymdnetn, kedlukhm lm pask`klkhmh hn uem ikadmrhkapmtém fnrnhktmrkm daipra`mhm par metndnhnetns gmiklkmrns a uem mgnddkôe qun rnquknrm ue trmtmikneta nspndégkda hn lm negnrinhmh, daia lm dmrhkapmtém miklakhn, msé daia lms rmzaens par lms qun ue pmdknetn prnvkminetn nstm`ln Hnsmrrallô KD mbuhminetn hnsdaipnesmhm. ^e daipaenetn drétkda hn lm fkstarkm y nl nxmine géskda ns nvmlumr lm daebnstkôe dléekdm (ns hndkr, las skbeas y séetaims qun rnsultme hn prnskaens hn llnemha dmrhémda nlnvmhms). Lm daebnstkôe ns ue a`ontkva pmrm nl moustn hn lm inhkdmdkôe y nstí msadkmhm dae lm dmlkhmh hn vkhm (]AL) y nl praeôstkda.
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe Lm daebnstkôe dléekdm sn punhn nvmlumr par vmrkas iëtahas, kedlukhm lm prnsnedkm hn hkstneskôe vneasm yubulmr (=2 (=2),), artapenm (=6 (=6),), aehmm dumhrmhm m lm im imek eka`rm a`rm `nehapenm (= (=;), uem rnspunstm hn aeh hn Wmlsmlvm (0: (0:),), y nhnim hn lm pknrem (7 (7). Ne ue ekvnl prídtkda, prídtkda, las iëhkdas usme nl b nl brmha rmha hn daebnstkôe dléekdm pmrm bukmr lm tktulmdkôe hn las trmtmiknetas gmrimdalôbkdas, kedlukhms lms hasks hn hkurëtkdas. Las nstuhkas a`snrvmdkaemlns fme hniastrmha qun lm daebnstkôe dléekdm ns ue kipartmetn gmdtar hn rknsba mhvnrsa =2). Pndknetninetn, las kevnstkbmharns ne pmdknetns dae KD (=-7 (=-7,,=2). hn ZMPMHKBI-FG (Xfn (Xfn Nggk Nggkdmdy dmdy meh Tmgnty ag LD_7;7 Daipmrnh ta Nemlmprkl ae Iar`khkty meh Iartmlkty agpmtknets wktf Dfraekd Fnmrt Gmklurn) hniastrmrae qun, ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG drôekdm, las dmi`kas ne las imrdmharns hn daebnstkôe dléekdm sn msadkmrae dae lm dmlkhmh hn vkhm nvmlumhm par nl Dunstkaemrka hn dmrhkaikapmtém hn Cmesms Dkty y tmi`këe prapardkaeô kegarimdkôe praeôstkdm kehnpnehknetninetn kedlusa hn las pëptkhas emtrkurëtkdas a lm puetumdkôe hn rknsba IMBBKD (Intmmemlysks Bla`ml Braup ke Dfraekd Fnmrt Gmklurn) (0 (0). Nstas hmtas hnstmdme lm rnlnvmedkm mdtuml hn lm daebnstkôe dléekdm daipra`mhm par lm fkst fkstarkm y nl nxmine géskda.
Mlbueas pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm prabrnsme m ue nstmha mvmezmha, uem daehkdkôe qun punhn trmtmrsn dae ketnrvnedkaens nspndkmlkzmhms daia sapartn dkrdulmtarka indíekda (IDT) a trmsplmetn dmrhémda. Hkdfas pmdknetns hn`ne snr khnetkgkdmhas metns hn qun prabrnsne m ue nstmha hn nxtrniks, iaineta ne nl duml punhne sudui`kr m su negnrinhmh a sugrkr daiplkdmdkaens hn uem ketnrvnedkôe daia rnsultmha hn su nstmha iuy mvmezmha. Fmy vmrkms "pkstms dléekdms skiplns" hkspaek`lns pmrm khnetkgkdmr lm KD mvmezmhm y hn`ne hntnrikemrsn inhkmetn uem fkstarkm dléekdm y ue nxmine géskda negadmhas. Nl rndaeadkikneta hn qun ue pmdknetn tknen KD mvmezmhm pnriktkrí uem hnrkvmdkôe iís tniprmem m ue
dnetra mvmezmha hn FG, dumeha snm mprapkmha, daia sn hksdutkrí iís mhnlmetn ne nstn haduineta (vnrTnddkôe (vnr Tnddkôe 66,, “Pnikskôe h hnn Nspndkmlkhmh pmrm FG Mvmezmhm’).
4. Dmhm vnz iís, lm ikadmrhkapmtém gmiklkmr sn rndaeadn daia ue hkmbeôstkda iís prndksa ne mlbueas pmdknetns prnvkminetn dlmskgkdmhas daia ikadmrhkapmtém hklmtmhm khkapítkdm (IDH). ^em fkstarkm gmiklkmr hntmllmhm punhn prapardkaemr lm prkinrm pkstm hn uem `msn bneëtkdm. ^em miplkm bmim hn prnbuetms kedluyn sk las ikni`ras hn lm gmiklkm tneéme ue darmzôe hë`kl, mbrmehmha a brunsa, a kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm3 hkstragkm iusdulmr3 ue imrdmpmsas a hnsgk`rklmhar3 nstm`me ne uem lkstm hn trmsplmetn hn darmzôe3 a iurkô kenspnrmhminetn. Lm mdtumlkzmdkôe pnrkôhkdm hn las metndnhnetns gmiklkmrns ne pmdknetns dae uem ikadmrhkapmtém hn arkbne kedknrta punhn daehudkr m ue hkmbeôstkda hn ikadmrhkapmtém gmiklkmr ne dmsa hn qun ue gmiklkmr hnsmrralln pastnrkarinetn uem ikadmrhkapmtém a uem daiplkdmdkôe rnlmdkaemhm. ^e pnhkbré gmiklkmr hn 4 bnenrmdkaens a`tnekha par pragnskaemlns hn lm smluh ne bneëtkdm inoarô lm tmsm hn hntnddkôe hn ue pradnsa gmiklkmr ne daipmr daipmrmdkôe mdkôe dae lm mtnedkôe hn rutkem.=8 rutkem.=8).). Mhniís, las metndnhnetns gmiklkmrns hn ikadmrhkapmtém, snbÿe la hntnrikemha par ue meílksks bnenmlôbkda hn 4 bnenrmdkaens, sn msadkmrae dae fmllmzbas hn rnmldn hn bmhalkeka ne lm rnsaemedkm imbeëtkdm (PI) dmrhémdm y ue muineta hn las nvnetas dmrhémdas mhvnrsas imyarns. imyarns.=4 =4).). Lm pask`klkhmh hn uem ikadmrhkapmtém fnrnhktmrkm prapardkaem nl éipntu pmrm lm hntnddkôe ne dmsdmhm hn las ikni`ras hn lm gmiklkm ea hkmbeastkdmhas, la qun pahrém nvktmr nvnetas mhvnrsas prnvnek`lns ne las gmiklkmrns mgndtmhas inhkmetn lm kiplninetmdkôe hn BHIX y atras trmtmiknetas qun hn atra iaha ea sn kekdkmréme. 8. Dknrtms daehkdkaens qun dmusme FG rnquknrne tnrmpkms nspndégkdms hn lm negnrinhmh. Zar nonipla, ne lm negnrinhmh dmrhémdm miklakhn, ym snm sa`rn lm `msn hn trmestkrntkem ( 0=) 0=) a a hn hnpôskta pôskta hn dmhnems lkbnrms (00 (00),), nxk nxkstne stne trmtmiknetas nspndégkdas qun hn atra iaha ea sn utklkzmréme ne pmdknetns dae KD. Zar la tmeta, ns kipartmetn ue hkmbeôstkda rípkha y prndksa hn tmlns daehkdkaens. Mdtumlinetn, sn fme rnpartmha rntrmsas kipartmetns ne nl hkmbeôstkda hn lm dmrhkapmtém miklakhn (hkndksëks (hkndksëks),), qukzís ea kenspnrmh kenspnr mhminetn minetn hmha nl miplka nspndtra hn pask`lns prnsnetmdkaens dléekdms (=> (=>).). Hnl iksia iaha, lm KD mtrk` m trk`uk`ln uk`ln m smrdakhasks, fniadraimtasks, fkpatkrakhksia, fkpnrtkrakhksia, mdrainbmlkm, negnrinhmh hnl tnokha daendtkva, ikadmrhkapmtém kehudkhm par tmqukdmrhkm a KD hn mlta bmsta par géstulm mrtnrkavneasm, netrn atrms, rnquknrn m`arhmons tnrmpëutkdas nspndégkdas. Hmha qun nl hkmbeôstkda hkgnrnedkml hn lm KD ns miplka, lm memiensks y nl nxmine géskda punhne `rkehmr pkstms pmrm mdatmr nl eÿinra hn dmusms m daeskhnrmr y arknetmr nl m`arhmon hkmbeôstkda pmrm khnetkgkdmr hkdfms daehkdkaens (Xm`lm ( Xm`lm > ). >. Lm fkstarkm y nl nxmine géskda myuhme m khnetkgkdmr lm dmusm hn ue hntnrkara dléekda. Zmrm hntnrikemr lm dmusm hn ue hntnrkara dléekda, nl iëhkda nvmlÿm lm prnsnedkm hn negnrinhmhns daedurrnetns (p. no., negnrinhmh ikadírhkdm ne dursa).
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
ksqunikm, ni`alkm puliaemr a kegnddkôe skstëikdm), nl kekdka hn ue inhkdmineta patnedkmlinetn pnrouhkdkml ne nl daetnxta hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm (p. no., gírimdas metkkeglmimtarkas ea nstnrakhnas SMKENY), a lm pask`klkhmh hn imrdmpmsas drôekda hnl WH (p. no., ue imrdmpmsas rndkëe kiplmetmha a inhkdminetas daia lm mikahmraem qun pravadm `rmhkdmrhkm y XM@LM >
imrdmpmsas WH drôekda rnsultmetn), gmltm hn mhfnrnedkm m ue inhkdmineta a rëbkine hkntëtkda, y m`usa daetkeua hn sustmedkms. Mhniís, sn hn`n rnmlkzmr uem nvmlumdkôe hn las hntnrikemetns sadkmlns hn lm smluh (p. no., nstm`klkhmh hn lm vkvknehm, snburkhmh mlkinetmrkm, hkspaek`klkhmh hn trmespartn).
Atrms pask`lns dmusms ea ksquëikdms hn KD Pngnrnedkm
Zarqun
04-0>)) (04-0>
]ukikatnrmpkm y atras inhkdminetas dmrhkatôxkdas.
07)) (07
Pnuimtalôbkda a mutakeiuen
(02-4= 02-4=))
Nehadrkea a intm`ôlkda (tkrakhns, mdrainbmlkm, gnadraiadktaim, hkm`ntns, a`nskhmh) Ikadmrhkapmtém gmiklkmr a dmrhkapmtém fnrnhktmrkm y bneëtkdm
(40) 40)
Pktia dmrhémda? rnlmdkaemha (p. no., inhkmha par tmqukdmrhkm, ZWD, nstkiulmdkôe hnl WH)
44)) (44
Fkpnrtneskôe
(48 48)) 0=,,4> 4>,,47 47)) (0=
Negnrinhmh dmrhémdm kegkltrmtkvm (p. no., miklakhn, smrdakhn, fniadraimtasks)
(42 42,,46 46))
Ikadmrhktks (kegnddkasm, taxkem a inhkdmineta, keiuealôbkdm, fkpnrsnesk`klkhmh)
4;)) (4;
Ikadmrhkapmtém pnrkpmrta Ikadmrhkapmtém par nstrës (Xmcatsu`a)
(8:, 8:,8=)
M`usa hn sustmedkms (p. no., mldafal, dadméem, in tmegntmikem)
(80-88) 80-88)
FG kehkdm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm3 ZWD, daetrmddkôe vnetrkdulmr prnimturm3 y PW, vnetrédula hnrndfa.
8.=.=. Zrun`ms kekdkmlns hn lm`armtarka y nlndtradmrhkabrígkdms
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm prun`ms kekdkmlns hn lm`armtarka y nlndtradmrhkabrígkdms Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
=
@-EP
=. Zmrm las pmdknetns qun prnsnetme KD, sn hn`n nxplarmr lm dmusm nspndégkdm hn lm KD inhkmetn prun`ms hn lm`armtarka mhkdkaemlns pmrm ue imenoa mhndumha (=-6 ( =-6).).
=
DNA
0. Zmrm las pmdknetns dae hkmbeôstkda hn KD, lm nvmlumdkôe hn lm`armtarka hn`n kedlukr fniabrmim daiplnta, meílksks hn arkem, nlndtralktas sërkdas, ektrôbnea urnkda ne smebrn, drnmtkekem sërkdm, bludasm, pnrgkl hn lépkhas, prun`ms hn guedkôe fnpítkdm, nstuhkas hn fknrra y fariaem nstkiulmetn hn lm tkrakhns pmrm aptkikzmr nl imenoa. .
=
DNA
4. Zmrm tahas las pmdknetns qun prnsnetme KD, sn hn`n rnmlkzmr ue NDB hn =0 hnrkvmdkaens ne nl nedunetra kekdkml pmrm aptkikzmr nl imenoa.
Tkeapsks Nvmlumdkôe hn lm`armtarka dae fniabrmim daiplnta, meílksks hn arkem, nlndtralktas sërkdas (kedlukhas sahka, patmska, dmldka y imbenska), ektrôbnea urnkda ne smebrn, drnmtkekem sërkdm, bludasm, pnrgkl hn lépkhas ne myuems, prun`ms hn guedkôe guedk ôe fnpítkdm, nstuhkas hn fknrra (fknrra sërkda, gnrrktkem, smturmdkôe hn trmesgnrrkem). ), y nl ekvnl hn fariaem nstkiulmetn hn lm tkrakhns y lm nlndtradmrhkabrmgém sae pmrtn hn lm nvmlumdkôe hkmbeôstkdm nstíehmr hn ue pmdknetn dae KD. Mhniís hn lm nvmlumdkôe hn rutkem, m ineuha sn endnsktme prun`ms y nvmlumdkaens hn hkmbeôstkda nspndégkdms pmrm khnetkgkdmr lm dmusm nspndégkdm y atrms daiar`klkhmhns ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm.
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Ns kipartmetn khnetkgkdmr lm dmusm nspndégkdm hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, parqun lms mgnddkaens qun pravadme lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm punhne rnqunrkr trmtmiknetas nspndégkdas pmrm lm negnrinhmh. Hnpnehkneha hn lm saspndfm dléekdm, bnenrmlinetn sn rnquknrne nstuhkas hn hkmbeôstkda hkmbeôst kda mhkdka mhkdkaemlns emlns pmrm hkmbeastkdmr dmusms nspndégkdms (Xm`lm (Xm`lm 77)) daia ikadmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm, miklakhasks dmrhémdm, smrdakhasks, fniadraimtasks, indmeksias kegnddkasas (p. no., WKF, DAWKH-=;, Dfmbms), fkpatkrakhksia, fkpnrtkrakhksia, mdrainbmlkm, trmstareas hnl tnokha daendtkva, ikadmrhkapmtém kehudkhm par tmqukdmrhkm, Xmcatsu`a, pnrkpmrtkui dmrhka a
n=;
n0:
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
nl m`usa hn sustmedkms rnqunrkrém ue imenoa nspndégkda mhniís a iís mllí hn BHIX (= (=,0,;-=> ;-=>).). 0. Lm nvmlumdkôe hn lm`armtarka dae fniabrmim daiplnta, meílksks hn arkem, nlndtralktas sërkdas, ektrôbnea urnkda ne smebrn, drnmtkekem sërkdm, bludasm, pnrgkl hn lépkhas ne myuems, prun`ms hn guedkôe fnpítkdm, nstuhkas hn fknrra (fknrra sërkda, gnrrktkem, smturmdkôe hn trmesgnrrkem) y ekvnlns hn fariaem nstkiulmetn hn lm tkrakhns prapardkaem kegarimdkôe kipartmetn sa`rn lms daiar`klkhmhns hn las pmdknetns, lm khaenkhmh y las ngndtas mhvnrsas hn las trmtmiknetas, lms
trmtmiknetas (p. no., pmrm daetralmr lm guedkôe rneml a nlndtralktas dae hkurëtkdas). Lm nlndtradmrhkabrmgém ns pmrtn hn lm nvmlumdkôe hn rutkem hn ue pmdknetn dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y `rkehm kegarimdkôe kipartmetn sa`rn nl rktia, lm grndunedkm dmrhémdm, lm iargalabém hnl ]PT y lm hurmdkôe, lm dmusm y nl praeôstkda hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. Tn rnpktn dumeha nxkstn uem kehkdmdkôe dléekdm, daia saspndfm hn mrrktikm, ksqunikm a lnskôe ikadírhkdm, hn daehuddkôe u atrms meaimléms dmrhémdms.
pask`lns dmusms a gmdtarns hn daeguskôe hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, lm brmvnhmh y nl praeôstkda hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, y bnenrmlinetn sn rnmlkzm ne lm nvmlumdkôe kekdkml. Lms prun`ms hn lm`armtarka pnrtkenetns sn rnpktne dae dmi`kas ne lm daehkdkôe dléekdm a
8.0. ^sa hn @kaimrdmharns pmrm Zrnvnedkôe, Hkmbeôstkda Kekdkml y Nstrmtkgkdmdkôe hn Pknsba
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm nl usa hn `kaimrdmharns pmrm lm prnvnedkôe, nl hkmbeôstkda kekdkml y lm nstrmtkgkdmdkôe hnl rknsba Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplninetas nl Tuplninetas hn hmtas hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
M
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
=. Ne pmdknetns qun prnsnetme hksenm, lm inhkdkôe hnl pëptkha emtrkurëtkda tkpa @ (@EZ) ( @EZ) a lm prafariaem Etnrikeml hnl pëptkha emtrkurëtkda tkpa @ (EX-pra@EZ) ns ÿtkl pmrm rnspmlhmr nl hkmbeôstkda a lm l m nxdluskôe hn KD ( =-=0 -=0).).
=
M
0. Ne pmdknetns dae KD drôekdm, sn rndaiknehm lm inhkdkôe hn las ekvnlns hn @EZ a EX-pra@EZ pmrm lm nstrmtkgkdmdkôe hnl rknsba (== (==,,=4 =4-0 -0;;).
=
M
s n rndaiknehm inhkr las ekvnlns hn @EZ a EX-pra@EZ ml kebrnsa pmrm 4. Ne pmdknetns faspktmlkzmhas par KD, sn nstm`lndnr nl praeôstkda (== (==,,=4-=; =4-=;)).
0m
@P
8. Ne pmdknetns dae rknsba hn hnsmrrallmr kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, nl drk`mha `msmha ne @EZ a EX-pra@EZ snbukha hn mtnedkôe ne nqukpa, kedlukha ue nspndkmlkstm dmrhkavmsdulmr, punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm prnvnekr nl hnsmrralla hn hksguedkôe hnl WK a KD hn eunvm mpmrkdkôe (4: (4:,,4= 4=)).
0m
@-EP
>. Ne pmdknetns faspktmlkzmhas par KD, ue ekvnl hn @EZ a EX-pra@EZ prnvka ml mltm punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm kegarimr lm trmyndtarkm hnl pmdknetn y nstm`lndnr ue praeôstkda pastnrkar ml mltm (= ( =8,=2 =2,,0:-0; 0:-0;).).
Tkeapsks Las meílksks hn @EZ y EX-pra@EZ sn utklkzme dae grndunedkm pmrm nstm`lndnr lm prnsnedkm y lm brmvnhmh hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. Ne bnenrml, las ekvnlns hn @EZ y EX-pra@EZ sae skiklmrns, y dumlquknrm punhn usmrsn ne netareas hn mtnedkôe ml pmdknetn skniprn qun sus rnspndtkvas vmlarns m`salutas y puetas hn dartn ea sn usne 40-48).). Lm a`nskhmh sn msadkm dae ekvnlns iís `moas kehkstketminetn ( (40-48 kehkstketminetn hn @EZ y EX-pra@EZ, la qun rnhudn su s u snesk`klkhmh hkmbeôstkdm. hkmbeôstkdm.4> 4>,, 47). ^em `msn hn nvkhnedkm sustmedk 47). sustmedkml ml rnspmlhm nl usa hn `kaimrdmharns hn pëptkhas emtrkurëtkdas pmrm nxdlukr lm kesugkdknedkm kesugkd knedkm dmrhémdm daia dmusm hn las séetaims ne netareas mi`ulmtarkas y hn urbnedkms. Muequn uem rnhuddkôe ne @EZ y EX-pra@EZ sn fm msadkmha dae inoarns rnsultmhas, lm nvkhnedkm pmrm lm arknetmdkôe hnl trmtmikneta utklkzmeha inhkdkaens snrkmhms hn @EZ a EX-pra@EZ pnrimendn.
kesugkdknetn (42-4; 42-4;).). Zar Zar ÿltkia, sn fm hniastrmha qun uem bmim dmhm vnz imyar hn `kaimrdmharns, kedlukhas las imrdmharns hn lnskôe ikadírhkdm, keglmimdkôe, nstrës axkhmtkva, hksguedkôe vmsdulmr y rniahnlmdkôe hn lm imtrkz, prapardkaem kegarimdkôe kegarimdkô e praeôstkdm kedrninetml sa`rn las pëptkhas emtrkurëtkdas, pnra skbun ske nvkhnedkm hn ue `nengkdka hn imenoa kedrninetml.=4 kedrninetml.=4,,8:-8; 8:-8;).).
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Lm inhkdkôe hn las ekvnlns hn @EZ y EX-pra@EZ ne nl netarea mi`ulmtarka par uem pask`ln dmusm dmrhémdm hn hksenm prapardkaem ue vmlar hkmbeôstkda kedrninetml pmrm nl oukdka dléekda dumeha lm dmusm hn lm hksenm ea nstí dlmrm y nl nxmine ninrbnedkm, las las ekvnlns géskda ns nquévada (=-; (=-;).). Ne nl netarea hn ninrbnedkm, hn @EZ y EX-pra@EZ fme
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
imyar snesk`klkhmh qun nspndkgkdkhmh y punhn snr iís ÿtkl pmrm hnsdmrtmr KD qun pmrm hnsdmrtmr KD. Muequn las ekvnlns iís `moas hn @EZ y EX-pra@EZ punhne myuhmr m hnsdmrtmr lm prnsnedkm hn KD, y las ekvnlns iís mltas tknene ue mlta vmlar prnhkdtkva pasktkva pmrm hkmbeastkdmr KD, sn fme kegarimha muinetas ne las ekvnlns hn @EZ y EX-pra@EZ ne pmdknetns dae da e hkvnrsms dmusms dmrhémdms y ea dmrhémdms.Xm`lm dmrhémdms.Xm`lm 77)) ((>:->4 >:->4).). 0. y 4. Las ekvnlns iís mltas hn @EZ y EX-pra@EZ sn msadkme dae ue imyar rknsba hn rnsultmhas mhvnrsas m darta y lmrba plmza ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, kedlukhm lm iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr y par tahms lms dmusms y nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns =4-=;).). Las nstuhkas nstuhkas fm fme e hniastrmha ue vmlar imyarns (== (==,,=4-=; praeôstkda kedrninetml hn nstas `kaimrdmharns m las negaquns nstíehmr hn nvmlumdkôe hnl rknsba hn NDW ( == ==,,hkndksëks). hkndksëks). E Ea a tah tahas as las pmdknetns punhne endnsktmr lm inhkdkôe hn `kaimrdmharns pmrm nl praeôstkda, nspndkmlinetn sk ym tknene KD mvmezmhm dae iml praeôstkda nstm`lndkha a ekvnlns pnrskstnetninetn nlnvmhas hn `kaimrdmharns ne netareas metnrkarns.
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
XM@LM 7
Dmusms patnedkmlns snlnddkaemhms hn ekvnlns nlnvmhas hn pëptkhas emtrkurëtkdas emtrkurëtkdas (>:-> (>:->44)
Dmrhémda KD, kedlukhas las séehrains hn KD hnl WH
MDT Negnrinhmh hnl iÿsdula dmrhémda, kedlukhm lm FWK
WFH negnrinhmh pnrkdírhkdm MZMBMHA
Ikadmrhktks Dkrubém dmrhémdm Dmrhkavnrskôe Lnskaens ikadírhkdms tôxkda-intm`ôlkdms, kedlukhm lm qukikatnrmpkm daetrm nl díednr
ea dmrhkmda Nhmh mvmezmhm Menikm Kesugkdknedkm rneml
Zuliaemr? mpenm a`strudtkvm hnl sunýa, enuiaeém b rmvn Ni`alkm puliaemr, fkpnrtneskôe mrtnrkml puliaemr
8. Nl nstuhka TXAZ-FG (Tt Wkednet's Tdrnnekeb ta Zrnvnet Fnmrt Gmklurn) ns ue brme nesmya hn ue sala dnetra hn pmdknetns dae rknsba hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, hngkekhm par lm prnsnedkm hn fkpnrtneskôe, hkm`ntns a negnrinhmh vmsdulmr daeadkhm pnra ske s ke hksguedkôe skstôlkdm hnl WK nstm`lndkhm a KD sketaiítkdm, qun gunrae mskbemhas ml mzmr m lm hntnddkôe dae prun`ms hn @EZ a mtnedkôe fm`ktuml (4= (4=).). M las pmrtkdkpme pmrtkdkpmetns tns hnl brupa hn ketnrvnedkôe dae ekvnlns hn @EZ $ >: pb/iL sn lns rnmlkzô ndadmrhkabrmgém y hnrkvmdkôe m ue nspndkmlkstm dmrhkavmsdulmr (4= (4= ). Xahas las pmdknetns rndk r ndk`knrae `knrae arknetmdkôe par pmrtn hn uem negnrinrm nspndkmlkstm qun `rkehô nhudmdkôe sa`rn lm kipartmedkm hn lm mhfnrnedkm m lm inhkdmdkôe y fí`ktas hn vkhm smluhm`lns (4= (4=).). Nl drk`mha drk`mha `msmha ne @EZ rnhuoa nl drktnrka hn vmlarmdkôe daipunsta hn hksguedkôe msketaiítkdm hnl WK kedkhnetn dae a ske kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm rndkëe hkmbeastkdmhm. Hn imenrm skiklmr, lm tktulmdkôe msdnehnetn mdnlnrmhm hn las metmbaekstms hnl skstnim rnekem-mebkatneskem-mlhastnraem (TPMM) y las `laqunmharns `ntm rnhuonrae las nvnetas dmrhémdas ne pmdknetns dae hkm`ntns y ekvnlns nlnvmhas hn EX-pra@EZ pnra ske negnrinhmh dmrhémdm ml kekdka kekdka hnl nstuhka (4: (4:).). Lm hntnddkôe nstmehmrkzmhm hn KD skbun skneha ue hnsmgéa daia rnsultmha hn lm fntnrabnenkhmh hn las gmdtarns hn rknsba ne lms hkgnrnetns pa`lmdkaens hn pmdknetns. Tn endnsktme nstuhkas pmrm nvmlumr lm rnetm`klkhmh y las rknsbas hn hkdfa drk`mha, msé daia su kipmdta ne lm dmlkhmh hn vkhm y lm iartmlkhmh.
Negnrinhmh drétkdm
Tnpsks `mdtnrkmem ]unimhurmssnvnrms
MDT kehkdm séehrains daraemrkas mbuhas3 GM, gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr3 KD, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 FWK, fkpnrtragkm vnetrkdulmr kzquknrhm3 WH, vnetrédula hnrndfa3 y WFH, negnrinhmh dmrhémdm vmlvulmr.
>. Las ekvnlns hn @EZ y EX-pra@EZ prnvkas ml mltm sae gunrtns prnhkdtarns hnl rknsba hn iunrtn a rnkebrnsa faspktmlmrka par KD (=8 =8,,=2, =2,0:-0; 0:-0;).). Muequn las las pmdknetns pmdknetns ne las qun las ekvnlns hn @EZ a EX-pra@EZ hksikeuynrae dae nl trmtmikneta tuvknrae inoarns rnsultmhas qun mqunllas ske dmi`kas a dae ue muineta 04,06, 06,0;), 0;), mpuetmr m ue ue dknrta ui` ui`rml, rml, hn `kaimrdmharns (=8 (=8,,04, vmlar a dmi`ka rnlmtkva ne nstas ekvnlns hn `kaimrdmharns hurmetn lm faspktmlkzmdkôe ea fm hniastrmha snr daeskstnetninetn ngndtkva pmrm inoarmr las rnsultmhas (42-4; (42-4;).). Las pmdknetns ne las qun BHIX BHIX ddaehudn aehudn m uem rnhuddkôe ne las ekvnlns hn @EZ y EX-pra@EZ rnprnsnetme uem pa`lmdkôe dae d ae inoarns rnsultmhas m lmrba plmza ne daipmrmdkôe dae mqunllas dae ekvnlns pnrskstnetninetn nlnvmhas m pnsmr hnl trmtmikneta mhndumha.42-4; mhndumha. 42-4;).). Las ekvnlns hn @EZ y EX-pra@EZ y su dmi`ka dmi`ka pahréme myuhmr m bukmr lms hksduskaens sa`rn nl praeôstkda, msé daia lm mhfnrnedkm y aptkikzmdkôe hn BHIX.
n0=
n00
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
8.4. Nvmlumdkôe y prun`ms bneëtkdms Pndainehmdkaens pmrm nvmlumdkôe y prun`ms bneëtkdms Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
=
@-EP
=. Ne las gmiklkmrns hn prkinr brmha hn pmdknetns snlnddkaemhas dae ikadmrhkapmtéms bneëtkdms a fnrnhktmrkms, sn rndaiknehm lm hntnddkôe y nl msnsarmikneta bneëtkdas pmrm hntndtmr negnrinhmhns dmrhémdms y lm praetm daeskhnrmdkôe hn trmtmiknetas pmrm hksikeukr lm prabrnskôe hn lm KD y lm iunrtn sÿ`ktm (= ( =,0).
0m
@-EP
0. Ne pmdknetns snlnddkaemhas dae ikadmrhkapmtém ea ksquëikdm, lm rnikskôe pmrm msnsarmikneta y prun`ms bneëtkdms ns rmzaem`ln pmrm khnetkgkdmr daehkdkaens qun pahréme bukmr nl trmtmikneta pmrm pmdknetns y gmiklkmrns (4 (4,8).
Tkeapsks Ne pmdknetns ne las qun sn saspndfn uem ikadmrhkapmtém bneëtkdm a fnrnhktmrkm, sn hn`n rnmlkzmr uem fkstarkm gmiklkmr, qun kedluym ml ineas 4 bnenrmdkaens n khnmlinetn hkmbrmimhm daia ue ír`al bnenmlôbkda bnenmlôbkda (vnrTnddkôe (vnrTnddkôe 8.=, 8.=, “Wmlarmdkôe “Wmlarmdkôe dléekdm? memiensks y nxplarmdkôe géskdm’). Lms vmrkmetns bneëtkdms sn fme kiplkdmha ne nl 0> % ml 8: % hn las pmdknetns dae HDI dae metndnhnetns gmiklkmrns pasktkvas, pnra tmi`këe ne nl =: % ml 4: % hn las pmdknetns ske metndnhnetns gmiklkmrns rndaeadkhas.4 rndaeadkhas.4,8). Nl gneatkpa y las metndnhn metndnhnetns etns gmiklkmrns sae kipartmetns pmrm khnetkgkdmr m las pmdknetns ne quknens ns iís pra`m`ln qun lms prun`ms bneëtkdms mrraone kegarimdkôe dléekdm pradnsm`ln.Xm`lm pradnsm`ln. Xm`lm 2). 2). Lm prnsnetmdkôe prnsnetmdkôe hn IDH IDH dae negnrinhmh hn lm daehuddkôe a mrrktikms vnetrkdulmrns bnenrm prnadupmdkôe par lm smrdakhasks y lm ikadmrhkapmtém mrrktiabëekdm, qun ns hn nspndkml prnadupmdkôe hn`kha ml rknsba hn iunrtn sÿ`ktm ne pmdknetns y gmiklkms. gmiklkms.>>). Ekebÿe nstuhka daetralmha fm hniastrmha las las `nengkdkas dléekdas hn lms prun`ms bneëtkdms pmrm lm ikadmrhkapmtém, pnra lms prun`ms bneëtkdms daetrk`uyne m lm nstrmtkgkdmdkôe hnl rknsba y tknene kiplkdmdkaens pmrm nl trmtmikneta, mdtumlinetn dae imyar grndunedkm pmrm lms hndkskaens rnlmdkaemhms dae las hnsgk`rklmharns pmrm lm prnvnedkôe prkimrkm hn lm iunrtn sÿ`ktm (> ( >) y sa`rn lm lkiktmdkôe hnl nonrdkdka pmrm lm ikadmrhkapmtém fkpnrtrôgkdm y lms vmrkmetns hnsiasôikdms. Lm daesultm dae ue daesnonra dmpmdktmha metns y hnspuës hn lms prun`ms bneëtkdms myuhm m las pmdknetns m daiprnehnr y sapnsmr lms kiplkdmdkaens hn las pask`lns rnsultmhas pmrm sus prapkms vkhms y lms hn sus gmiklkmrns, kedlukhm lm pask`ln hksdrkikemdkôe `msmhm ne lm kegarimdkôe bneëtkdm. M ineas qun sn hniunstrn qun nstíe lk`rns hn lm(s) vmrkmetn(s) bneëtkdm(s) kiplkdmhm(s) ne nl pra`meha, las gmiklkmrns hn prkinr brmha hn las pra`mehas mgndtmhas hn`ne saintnrsn m nxíinens hn hntnddkôe pnrkôhkdas dae ndadmrhkabrmgém y nlndtradmrhkabrmgém.
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. y 0. Tn fme khnetkgkdmha ikadmrhkapmtéms hklmtmhms, rnstrkdtkvms n fkpnrtrôgkdms fnrnhktmrkms, muequn uem vmrkmetn bneëtkdm punhn dmusmr hkgnrnetns gneatkpas ne lm iksim gmiklkm. Lms vmrkmetns pmtabëekdms iís daiuens khnetkgkdmhms sae truedmiknetas ne lm brme pratnéem nstrudturml tktkem, qun sn fme kiplkdmha ne lm HDI. 4->) y tmi`këe ne ikadmrhkapmtéms pnrkpmrta a mldafôlk 4->) mldafôlkdms3 dms3 ske ni`mrba, tmi`këe sae daiuens lms vmrkmetns qun ea dmusme negnrinhmh. Lms vmrkmetns pmtabëekdms ne lm líikem M/D punhne nstmr msadkmhms dae `laquna hn daehuddkôe y mrrktikms murkdulmrns, msé daia mrrktikms vnetrkdulmrns, qun punhne prabrnsmr iís rípkhminetn qun las séetaims hn KD. Muequn metnrkarinetn sn vkedulô dae nl gneatkpa hn ikadmrhkapmtém mrrktiabëekdm hnl WH, mfarm sn rndaeadn qun lms vmrkmetns hn pratnéems hnsiasôikdms mgndtme nl vnetrédula kzquknrha tmi`këe dae a ske nl vnetrédula hnrndfa, y mfarm sn prngknrn nl tërikea ikadmrhkapmtém mrrktiabëekdm pmrm nl gneatkpa hn mrrktikms dai`kemhms dae HDI. Lms iutmdkaens hn gklmikem-D sn fme msadkmha dae ikapmtéms nsqunlëtkdms y dae ikadmrhkapmtém mkslmhm dae mrrktikms vnetrkdulmrns.7 vnetrkdulmrns.7). Lm nvkhnedkm hn negnrinhmh dmrhémdm hnsiasôikdm daellnvm lm kiplkdmdkôe mhkdkaeml hn nvktmr nl nonrdkdka nxtneumetn, qun punhn mdnlnrmr lm rniahnlmdkôe vnetrkdulmr.22). Lm daegkrimdkôe bneëtkdm hn lm ikadmrhkapmtém hn vnetrkdulmr. Gm`ry sketaiítkdm ns uem kehkdmdkôe pmrm lm tnrmpkm hn rnniplmza dae lm nezkim mbmlskhmsm `ntm, y rndknetninetn sn mpra`ô nl ikbmlmstmt pmrm nstm ikadmrhkapmtém pada daiÿe.
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
XM@LM 2
n04
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Noniplas hn gmdtarns qun kiplkdme uem pask`ln ikadmrhkapmtém bneëtkdm
gneatépkda Dmtnbarém Dmrhémda
Fmllmzba gneatépkda hnl pmdknetn a ikni`ra hn lm gmiklkm *
Zrnbuetn nspndégkdminetn sa`rn las ikni`ras hn lm gmikl gmiklkm km**Dae
Fkpnrtragkm hnl WK hn inrdmha
iargalabém
Dumlquknr inedkôe hn dmrhkaikapmtém, darmzôe mbrmehmha a hë`kl, FG. Haduinetmr kedlusa sk sn mtrk`uyn m atrms dmusms, daia nl mldafal a nl pnrkpmrta.
WK ea daipmdtmha Mhnlbmzmikneta hnl vnetrédula hnrndfa a rnniplmza brmsa ne lms kiíbnens
ikadmrhkapmtém
a `kapskm
Fmllmzbas ne =0nlndtradmrhkabrmim hn plaia
M rrrr ktkt ikm ikmss
Daehuddkôe a valtmon meariml mlta a `moa, y
]X lmrba a séehrain hn @rubmhm
rnpalmrkzmdkôe, gunrzms WH mltnrmhms
XW XWE ET g rnd rndu une nett ns ns a ZW ZWD D iuy iuy gr nndd une unettns Xmqukdmrhkm vnetrkdulmr sastnekhm a gk`rklmdkôe
DKN séedapn rndurrnetn Iunrtn sÿ`ktm mtrk`ukhm m ue “mtmqun dmrhémda imskva’ ske DMH daeadkha Nvneta gmtml ske nxplkdmdkôe, daia mfabmikneta a mddkhnetn hn ue sala vnfédula
nxtrmdmrhémda
GM hn mpmrkdkôe tniprmem
GM “salktmrkm’ metns hn las 7> mýas
Negnrinhmh hn daehuddkôe hn mpmrkdkôe tniprmem
Imrdmpmsas metns hn las 7> mýas
ikapmtém nsqunlëtkdm
Dumlquknr negnrinhmh hnl iÿsdula nsqunlëtkda daeadkhm, kedlukhm lm inedkôe hn Hudfneen y @ndcnr,
Hkstragkm hn dketurms hn Niary-Hrnkguss
dmrmdtnrkstkdms
Enurapmtém Téehrains skstëikdas? Nstkbim dutíena Atrms pask`lns imekgnstmdkaens hn las séehrains skstëikdas
m
Pmsbas hksiôrgkdas
m
Pntrmsa inetml
m
Tarhnrm daebëektm
m
enuragk`raimtasks
m
Kesugkdknedkm rneml dae enurapmtém
* Xnebm ne dunetm qun lm dmusm bneëtkdm ns iís pra`m`ln dumeha lm pnrsaem ns iís oavne ml kekdka hn las nvnetas. Tke ni`mrba, lm iargalabém dmrhémdm y lms imekgnstmdkaens pnrkgërkdms hn lm miklakhasks fnrnhktmrkm punhne prnsnetmrsn ne ntmpms pastnrkarns hn lm vkhm, m hkgnrnedkm hn lm imyarém hn lms atrms ikadmrhkapmtéms fnrnhktmr fnrnhktmrkms. kms.
MG kehkdm gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr3 DMH, negnrinhmh hn lms mrtnrkms daraemrkms3 WK, vnetrédula k zquknrha3 XWET, tmqukdmrhkm vnetrkdulmr ea sastnekhm3 ZWD, daetrmddkôe vnetrkdulmr prnimturm3 y PW, vnetrédula hnrndfa.
8.8. Nvmlumdkôe dae kiíbnens dmrhémdms Pndainehmdkaens pmrm lm nvmlumdkôe dae kiíbnens dmrhémdms Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
D-LH
PNDAINEHMDKAENT =. Ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm saspndfasm a hn eunvm mpmrkdkôe, a mqunllas qun prnsnetme kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm mbuhm hnsdaipnesmhm, sn hn`n rnmlkzmr uem rmhkabrmgém hn tôrmx pmrm nvmlumr nl tmimýa hnl darmzôe y lm daebnstkôe puliaemr y pmrm hntndtmr negnrinhmhns dmrhémdms, puliaemrns y atrms mltnremtkvms qun punhne dmusmr a daetrk`ukr m lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. las séetaims hnl pmdknetn (= ( =,0).
=
D-LH
0. Ne pmdknetns dae KD saspndfmhm a rndknetninetn hkmbeastkdmhm, sn hn`n rnmlkzmr uem ndadmrhkabrmgém trmestarídkdm trmestarídkdm (XXN) hurmetn lm nvmlumdkôe kekdkml pmrm nvmlumr lm nstrudturm y guedkôe dmrhémdms (4 (4).
=
D-LH
4. Ne pmdknetns dae KD qun fme tnekha ue dmi`ka dléekda skbekgkdmtkva, a qun fme rndk`kha BHIX y nstíe skneha daeskhnrmhas pmrm pradnhkiknetas kevmskvas a tnrmpkm dae hkspasktkvas, lm inhkdkôe rnpntkhm hn GN, nl brmha hn rniahnlmdkôe nstrudturml y lm guedkôe vmlvulmr sae ÿtklns pmrm kegarimr lms ketnrvnedkaens tnrmpëutkdms tnrmpëutkdms (8-2 (8-2).).
=
D-LH
8. Ne pmdknetns pmrm quknens lm ndadmrhkabrmgém ns kemhndumhm, sn rndaiknehme kiíbnens mltnremtkvms (p. no., rnsaemedkm imbeëtkdm dmrhémdm SPIDY, taiabrmgém daiputmrkzmhm SXDY dmrhémdm, kiíbnens dae rmhkaeÿdlkhas) pmrm nvmlumr lm GNWK ( 6-=>).). 6-=>
0m
@-EP
0m
@-EP
>. Ne pmdknetns dae KD a ikadmrhkapmtém, lm PID punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm nl hkmbeôstkda a nl trmtmikneta (= ( =7-04 7-04).).
7. Ne pmdknetns dae KD, llmm nvmlumdkôe hn uem pask`ln dmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm khnetkgkdmr lm dmusm y arknetmr nl imenoa (08-02 (08-02).).
n08
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
(daetkeumha) 2. Ne pmdknetns dae KD y negnrinhmh hn lms mrtnrkms daraemrkms (DMH) qun sae dmehkhmtas pmrm lm rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe daraemrkm, sn punhn daeskhnrmr
0`
@-EP
lm rnmlkzmdkôe hn kiíbnens hn nstrës ea kevmskvms (ndadmrhkabrmgém hn nstrës, taiabrmgém daiputmrkzmhm par nikskôe hn gatôe ÿekda STZNDXY, PID a taiabrmgém par nikskôe hn pasktraens SZNXY) pmrm hntnddkôe hn ksqunikm ikadírhkdm pmrm myuhmr m bukmr lm rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe daraemrkm ( 06-40).). 06-40 6. Ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne musnedkm h n? =) dmi`kas ne nl nstmha dléekda, 0) ketnrvnedkaens hn trmtmikneta qun p ahréme fm`nr
4? Tke `nengkdka
DNA
tnekha ue ngndta skbekgkdmtkva ne lm guedkôe dmrhémdm, a 4) dmehkhmtas pmrm p radnhkiknetas kevmskvas a tnrmpkm dae hksp asktkvas, sn rndaiknehm rnpntkr lm nvmlumdkôe hn rutkem hn lm guedkôe hnl WK. Ea kehkdmha.
Tkeapsks Lms kiíbnens dmrhémdms tknene ue pmpnl dlmvn d lmvn ne lm nvmlumdkôe kekdkml hn kehkvkhuas dae saspndfm hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y, dumeha nstë kehkdmha, ne lm nvmlumdkôe snrkmhm hn pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. Hnspuës hn uem fkstarkm dléekdm y ue nxmine géskda daiplntas, uem NXX daiplntm ns lm prun`m hn hkmbeôstkda kekdkml iís ÿtkl hmhm lm brme dmetkhmh hn kegarimdkôe hn hkmbeôstkda y praeôstkda prapardkaemhm. Lm hntnrikemdkôe hn lm GNWK ns ue pmsa guehminetml pmrm dlmskgkdmr lm KD y arknetmr lm tnrmpkm gmrimdalôbkdm `msmhm ne nvkhnedkm y `msmhm ne hkspasktkvas. Ne dknrtms sktumdkaens, nl ndadmrhkabrmim ea punhn nvmlumr dae prndkskôe lm nstrudturm y/a guedkôe dmrhémdm a sn endnsktm iís kegarimdkôe pmrm hntnrikemr lm dmusm hn lm hksguedkôe dmrhémdm. Atrms iahmlkhmhns hn kimbne, daia DIP, TZNDX a vnetrkdulabrmgém dae rmhkaeÿdlkhas, ZNX a DX dmrhémdm a mebkabrmgém daraemrkm kevmskvm,== kevmskvm,==).). Ne bnenrml, lms prun`ms hn kiíbnens dmrhémdms, kedlukhms lms l ms prun`ms rnpntkhms, sn rnmlkzme sala dumeha las rnsultmhas tknen tknene e ue kipmdta skbekgkdmtkva ne lm mtnedkôe dléekdm.
nstrudturm y guedkôe, kedlukhms lms inhkdkaens hn lm GNWK, lms hkineskaens y las valÿinens vnetrkdulmrns, lm nvmlumdkôe hn lm bnaintrém hn lm díimrm y nl iavkikneta hn lm pmrnh rnbkaeml rnbkaeml (8 (8=). Nl tmimýa y lm guedkôe hnl WH, nl tmimýa hn lm murédulm y tahms lms vílvulms sn nvmlÿme ne `usdm hn meaimléms memtôikdms y hn gluoa. Lms buéms tmi`këe `rkehme rndainehmdkaens pmrm lm guedkôe hkmstôlkdm y nstkimdkaens hnl llnemha hnl WK y lm prnskôe hn lm murédulm kzquknrhm kzquknrhm ( 80). Nl brmhknetn hn kesugkdknedkm hn lm vílvulm trkdÿspkhn, oueta dae nl 80). hkíintra hn lm vnem dmvm kegnrkar y su rnspunstm hurmetn lm rnspkrmdkôe, prapardkaem nstkimdkaens hn lm prnskôe mrtnrkml skstôlkdm y lm prnskôe vneasm dnetrml. Las éehkdns hn hngarikhmh ikadírhkdm, daia nl strmke laebktuhkeml bla`ml, punhne khnetkgkdmr uem hksguedkôe skstôlkdm su`dléekdm hnl WK, qun sn fm msadkmha dae ue imyar rknsba hn hnsmrrallmr KD a faspktmlkzmdkaens rndurrnetns par KD.46 KD.46,,84-87 84-87).). Hmhm lm hkspaek`klkhmh bnenrmlkzmhm, lm gmltm hn rmh rmhkkmdkôe kaekzmetn kaekzmetn y lm brme dmetkhmh hn kegarimdkôe prapardkaemhm, lm ndadmrhkabrmgém ns lm iahmlkhmh hn kimbne kekdkml prngnrkhm pmrm lm nvmlumdkôe hn pmdknetns dae saspndfm hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. Lm ndabrmgém dmrhémdm ne nl pueta hn mtnedkôe ns uem fnrrmiknetm ne nvaludkôe pmrm lm nvmlumdkôe hn lm guedkôe dmrhémdm y lm nvmlumdkôe hnl nstmha
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe
82->0).). hnl valuine y lm daebnstkôe puliaemr ((82->0
=. Lm rmhkabrmgém hn tôrmx ns uem prun`m hkmbeôstkdm kekdkml ÿtkl pmrm lm nvmlumdkôe hn pmdknetns qun prnsnetme skbeas y séetaims hn
Las ndadmrhkabrmims snrkmhas pmrm nvmlumr las dmi`kas ne lm GN, lm rniahnlmdkôe nstrudturml y lm guedkôe vmlvulmr, muequn ea sn
KD parqun nvmlÿm dmrhkainbmlkm, daebnstkôe vneasm puliaemr y nhnim ketnrstkdkml a mlvnalmr y punhn rnvnlmr dmusms mltnremtkvms, dmrhkapuliaemrns a hn atra tkpa, hn las séetaims hnl pmdknetn (= (= ,0). Mpmrtn hn lm daebnstkôe, atras fmllmzbas ne lm rmhkabrmgém hn tôrmx sn sn msadkme dae KD sala ne nl daetnxta hn lm prnsnetmdkôe dléekdm. Ns kipartmetn hnstmdmr qun lm dmrhkainbmlkm punhn nstmr musnetn ne lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm mbuhm y, muequn lm dngmlkzmdkôe, nl nhnim ketnrstkdkml y nl nhnim mlvnalmr sae iahnrmhminetn nspndégkdas hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, nstas fmllmzbas sae rnlmtkvminetn kesnesk`lns.0 kesnesk`lns.0,44). 44). Xnekneha ne dunet unetmm lm lkiktmhm snesk`klkhmh y nspndkgkdkhmh, nspndk gkdkhmh, lm rmhkabrmgém hn tôrmx ea hn`n utklkzmrsn daia nl ÿekda hntnrikemetn hn lm dmusm nspndégkdm a lm prnsnedkm hn KD. 0. Lm XXN `rkehm kegarimdkôe sa`rn lm nstrudturm y guedkôe dmrhémdms
rndaiknehme hn garim rutkemrkm ne pmdknetns nstm`lns, sae ÿtklns ne hkvnrsms sktumdkaens. Ne pmdknetns qun tknene ue dmi`ka skbekgkdmtkva n kenxplkdm`ln ne nl nstmha dléekda, lm ndadmrhkabrmgém punhn prapardkaemr kegarimdkôe kipartmetn, daia nl nipnarmikneta hn lm guedkôe vnetrkdulmr a vmlvulmr. ^e su`daeoueta hn pmdknetns tmi`këe punhn tnenr uem rniahnlmdkôe kevnrsm, uem inoarém ne lm GNWK y lm guedkôe vmlvulmr ne rnspunstm m tnrmpkms iëhkdms, hn rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe y hn hkspasktkvas `msmhms ne nvkhnedkm, y ns mprapkmha rnpntkr lm nvmlumdkôe hn lm GNWK y lm rniahnlmdkôe ne mqunllas qun fme rndk`kha trmtmiknetas qun pahréme fm`nr tnekha ue ngndta skbekgkdmtkva sa`rn lm nstrudturm y lm g uedkô uedkôe dmrh dmrhémdms émdms ((8-2 8-2,,>4->; ). Lm rndupnrmdkôe hn lm guedkôe pmrndn iís daiÿe ne mqunllms dae hksguedkôe skstôlkdm hnl WK qun adurrn ne dkrduestmedkms
n khnetkgkdm meaimléms hnl ikadmrhka, lms vílvulms dmrhémdms y nl pnrkdmrhka. Lm ndadmrhkabrmgém rnvnlm kegarimdkôe nstrudturml y guedkaeml qun prnhkdn nl rknsba pastnrkar (48-8: (48-8:).). Lms pmutms `rkehme rndainehmdkaens pmrm lm dume dumetkgkdmdkôe tkgkdmdkôe hn lm dmrhkapmtém
nenrbëtkdms mhvnrsms (p. no., tmqukdmrhkm drôekdm a negnrinhmh tkrakhnm), ikadmrhkapmtéms hklmtmhms msadkmhms dae rnspunstms keiuektmrkms (p. no., ikadmrhkapmtém pnrkpmrta, ikadmrhktks mbuhm, rnspunstms keglmimtarkms skstëikdms), a ne mqunllas qun fme sugrkha
ZBL >.7.: HXH -OMD0;=:0Qpraag - 08 hn imrza hn 0:00 - =>?4= - dn
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe a tnrmpkms `msmhms ne hkspasktkvas (7: (7:).). Lm Lm rnnvmlumdkôe hn NG (5 8: héms hnspuës hn IK,5 ;: héms hnspuës hn lm rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe,5 ;: héms hnspuës hn BHIX) ns ÿtkl pmrm hntnrikemr lm dmehkhmturm pmrm ue hnsgk`rklmhar mutaiítkda kiplmetm`ln (KDH) a tnrmpkm hn rnskedraekzmdkôe dmrhémdm (DPX). Gkemlinetn, lm vkbklmedkm rnpntkhm hn lm guedkôe hnl WK ns
Las fmllmzbas hn lm PID daiÿeinetn mgndtme nl imenoa hn lm mtnedkôe hnl pmdknetn y `rkehme kegarimdkôe hkmbeôstkdm ne =6),), pmdknetns dae saspndfm hn ikadmrhktks a ikadmrhkapmtém.=2 ikadmrhkapmtém.=2,,=6 uem nstrmtnbkm hn drk`mha rutkemrka dae PID ne pmdknetns dae ikadmrhkapmtém ea ksquëikdm ea iastrô dmusms hn KD iís nspndégkdms qun uem nstrmtnbkm hn PID snlndtkvm `msmhm ne
mprapkmhm ne pmdknetns nxpunstas m trmtmiknetas qun patnedkmlinetn hmýme nl ikadmrhka, daia lm qukikatnrmpkm.
fmllmzbas ndadmrhkabrígkdas y dléekdas ne ue nesmya rndknetn (26 (26).).
8. Tk lm XXN ea punhn nvmlumr dae prndkskôe lm nstrudturm y lm guedkôe dmrhémdms, nxkstne iahmlkhmhns hn kiíbnens ea kevmskvms mhkdkaemlns hkspaek`lns pmrm mdlmrmr nl hkmbeôstkda kekdkml y prapardkaemr kegarimdkôe sa`rn lm nstrudturm y lm guedkôe dmrhémdms. Lm nlnddkôe netrn nstms iahmlkhmhns i ahmlkhmhns hnpnehn hn lm hkspaek`klkhmh, lm nxpnrknedkm ladml, lms dmrmdtnréstkdms hnl pmdknetn, lm kehkdmdkôe y nl a`ontkva hn lkiktmr lm nxpaskdkôe m lm rmhkmdkôe. Lm DIP prapardkaem uem nvmlumdkôe prndksm y mltminetn rnprahudk`ln hn las valÿinens dmrhémdas, lm imsm y lm GN hn las vnetrédulas kzquknrha y hnrndfa ( hnrndfa (6-=: 6-=:).). Lm DIP prapardkaem uem mltm rnsaludkôe memtôikdm hn tahas las mspndtas hnl darmzôe y lms nstrudturms dkrduehmetns y ea nstí msadkmhm dae lm rmhkmdkôe kaekzmetn, par la qun sn rndaiknehm su usa ne dmrhkapmtéms daebëektms daeadkhms a saspndfmhms ( saspndfmhms (===,7=). Lm XD dmrhkmdm dae daetral nlndtradmrhkabrígkda tmi`këe punhn nvmlumr dae prndkskôe nl tmimýa vnetrkdulmr, lm grmddkôe hn nynddkôe y lms meaimléms hnl iavkikneta hn lm pmrnh, pnra sn mdaipmým hn rmhkm hn rmhkmdkôe dkôe kaekzmetn. kaekzmetn.=4-=> =4-=>).). Lm vnetrkdulabrmgém dae rmhkaeÿdlkhas ns mltminetn rnprahudk`ln pmrm lm inhkdkôe hn lm GNWK, muequn tmi`këe nxpaen ml pmdknetn m rmhkmdkôe kaekzmetn. =0). =0). Lm DIP prapardkaem uem dmrmdtnrkzmdkôe ea kevmskvm hnl ikadmrhka qun punhn prapardkaemr kegarimdkôe sa`rn lm dmusm hn lm KD (70 ( 70).). Nl rnmldn rnmldn tmrhéa hn bmhalkeka, qun rnglnom gk`rasks y ikadmrhka hmýmha, punhn khnetkgkdmr nl KI mbuha y drôekda (74, 74,78 78)) n snsnetm y dkeda dkeda,,77 77).). Las khnetkgkdmr lm KD dm dmu usmh smhmm par DMH ((snsnetm pmtraen mtraenss hn rnmldn tmrhéa dae bmhalkeka a tëdekdms nspndégkdms X-= y X-0 punhne subnrkr ikadmrhkapmtéms kegkltrmtkvms n keglmimtarkms nspndégkdms, daia ikadmrhktks, smrdakhasks, negnrinhmh hn Gm`ry, negnrinhmh hn Dfmbms, gmltm hn daipmdtmdkôe, sa`rndmrbm hn fknrra y miklakhasks.hkndksëks miklakhasks.hkndksëks,,0:, 0:,00 00,,72). 72). Lms tëdekdms hn impna X-= pnri pnrikktne tne lm inh nhkdkôe kdkôe hn lms dmrmdtnréstkdms hnl nspmdka ketnrstkdkml y lm grmddkôe hn valuine nxtrmdnlulmr y prapardkaem 0=-04,76-2=). 76-2=). Lm kegarimdkôe hn hkmbeôstkda y praeôstkda (=; (=;,,0=-04, prnsnedkm hn fkpnrrnmldn tmrhéa sn fm sn fm msadkmha dae pnarns dae pnarns rnsultmhas y punhn prapardkaemr uem nstrmtkgkdmdkôe hnl rknsba. 20-22). Muequn las hmtas hnl rnbkstra iunstrme qun 20-22).
y llmm 7. Lm KD m ineuha ns dmusmhm par mtnrasdlnrasks daraemrkm (2; (2;),), y nvmlumdkôe hn lm dmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm punhn myuhmr m hntnrikemr lm prnsnedkm hn negnrinhmh mrtnrkml daraemrkm (DMH) skbekgkdmtkvm. Lms kiíbnens hn nstrës ea kevmskvms dae ndadmrhkabrmgém a bmiimbrmgém eudlnmr punhne snr ÿtklns pmrm khnetkgkdmr m las pmdknetns qun pra`m`lninetn tnebme DMH a`st `strud rudtkvm. tkvm.08 08,,0>). 0>). Lm mebkabrmgém daraemrkm par taiabrmgém daiputmrkzmhm a kevmskvm punhn hntndtmr y dmrmdtnrkzmr lm 07,,02 02).). nxtnesk xtneskôe ôe hn lm NMD ((07 2. DMH ns uem hn lms prkedkpmlns dmusms hn KD KD (2; (2;)) y lm ksqunikm ikadírhkdm punhne daetrk`ukr m qun las séetaims hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm snme eunvas a nipnarne. Tn punhne daeskhnrmr prun`ms ea kevmskvms (ns hndkr, ndadmrhkabrmgém hn nstrës, TZNDX, DIP a ZNX) pmrm lm hntnddkôe hn ksqunikm ikadírhkdm pmrm myuhmr m bukmr lms hndkskaens hn rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe daraemrkm. Iÿltkplns nstuhkas a`snrvmdkaemlns ea mlnmtarkzmhas fme kegarimha uem inoar supnrvkvnedkm dae rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe ne 4:-40). M pmdknetns dae ikadmrhka vkm`ln pnra hksguedkaeml.06 hksguedkaeml.06,,4:-4 pnsmr hn nstas hmtas a`snrvmdkaemlns, las NDM ea fme hniastrmha qun lms kiíbnens hn vkm`klkhmh inoarne lm arknetmdkôe hn lm rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe pmrm rnhudkr las rnsultmhas dmrhkavmsdulmrns dmrhkavmsdul mrns mh mhvnrsas. vnrsas.6:-60 6:-60).). ^e su`nstuhka hn vkm`klkhmh prnnspndkgkdmhm hnl nesmya TXKDF (Xrmtmikneta qukrÿrbkda pmrm lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ksquëikdm) iastrô qun lm prnsnedkm hn vkm`klkhmh ikadírhkdm ea hntnrikem`m nl `nengkdka m lmrba plmza hn lm rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe qukrÿrbkdm ne pmdknetns dae 60). Ns hn hnstmdmr qun ue eÿinra ikadmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm ksquëikdm ((66=,60). rnlmtkvminetn pnqunýa hn pnrsaems kesdrktms ne nl su`nstuhka TXKDF ea tneém vkm`klkhmh, la qun punhn lkiktmr lki ktmr nl pahnr hnl nstuhka. Muequn nstas hmtas ea rnspmlhme nl daednpta hn nvmlumdkôe hn vkm`klkhmh hn rutkem metns hn lm rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe, lm vkm`klkhmh ikadírhkdm sn utklkzm daia uem hn lms fnrrmiknetms pmrm kegarimr lms hndkskaens sa`rn lm rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe ne pmdknetns dae mlta rknsba qukrÿrbkda a dae pra`lnims iëhkdas daiplnoas. 6. Lm rnpntkdkôe hn kiíbnens ea kevmskvms hn lm nstrudturm y guedkôe dmrhémdms pmrm lm vkbklmedkm hn rutkem rmrm vnz ns mprapkmhm ne musnedkm hn ue dmi`ka ne nl nstmha dléekda a lms ketnrvnedkaens hn trmtmikneta (== (==,,64 64).).
n0>
n07
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
8.>. Nvmlumdkôe kevmskvm Pndainehmdkaens pmrm lm nvmlumdkôe kevmskvm Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
0m
@-EP
=. Ne pmdknetns dae KD, lm `kapskm nehaikadírhkdm punhn snr ÿtkl dumeha sn saspndfm ue hkmbeôstkda nspndégkda qun keglukrém ne lm tnrmpkm (= ( =,0).
0m
DNA
0. Ne pmdknetns snlnddkaemhas dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae séetaims, skbeas y pmríintras hn hkmbeôstkda pnrskstnetns a qun nipnarme, y ne quknens lm fniahkeíikdm ns kedknrtm, lm iaektarkzmdkôe fniahkeíikdm kevmskvm punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm bukmr nl trmtmikneta.
4. Ne pmdknetns dae KD, ea sn rndaiknehm nl usa rutkemrka hn iaektarkzmdkôe fniahkeíikdm kevmskvm ((44,8). 4? Tke `nengkdka
@P
4? Hmýa
D-LH
8. Zmrm las pmdknetns qun sn saintne m uem nvmlumdkôe hn rutkem hn KD, ea sn hn`n rnmlkzmr uem `kapskm nehaikadírhkdm hn`kha ml rknsba hn daiplkdmdkaens (> (>,7).
Tkeapsks Lm nvmlumdkôe kevmskvm hn pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm punhn prapardkaemr kegarimdkôe dléekdm kipartmetn pmrm hntnrikemr lm dmusm hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y lms apdkaens hn trmtmikneta. Nl dmtntnrksia dmrhémda hnrndfa hn rutkem ea prapardkaem sugkdknetn kega kegarrimdkôe pmrm bukmr lms hndkskaens hn trmtmikneta (4 (4,8). Tke ni`mrba, lm nvmlumdkôe fniahkeíikdm dae dmtntnrksia dmrhémda hnrndfa y iaektarna ne nl daetnxta hn hkgkdultmh rnspkrmtarkm mbuhm, fkpapnrguskôe skstëikdm, kedlukha nl sfadc dmrhkabëekda, a dumeha lm fniahkeíikdm ns kedknrtm, punhn bukmr lms hndkskaens hn trmtmikneta. Lm mebkabrmgém daraemrkm punhn snr ÿtkl ne pmdknetns dmehkhmtas m rnvmsdulmrk rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe zmdkôe (2 (2-; -;)) (vnrTnddkô (vnrTnddkôe e 8.8,, “Nvmlumdkôe dae kiíbnens dmrhémdms’, pmrm rndainehmdkaens). 8.8 Lm `kapskm nehaikadírhkdm punhn snr vnetmoasm ne pmdknetns dae KD ne las qun ue hkmbeôstkda fkstalôbkda, daia miklakhasks a ikadmrhktks, punhn keglukr ne lms hndkskaens hn trmtmikneta.= trmtmikneta.=,0).
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Lm `kapskm nehaikadírhkdm punhn snr ÿtkl dumeha sn `usdm ue hkmbeôstkda nspndégkda qun punhm keglukr ne nl trmtmikneta, par la qun hn`n daeskhnrmrsn lm `kapskm ne pmdknetns dae KD dléekdm rípkhminetn prabrnskvm a nipnarmikneta hn lm hksguedkôe vnetrkdulmr qun pnrskstn m pnsmr hnl trmtmikneta iëhkda mhndumha. Lm `kapskm nehaikadírhkdm tmi`këe hn`n daeskhnrmrsn ne pmdknetns dae saspndfm hn rndfmza dmrhémda mbuha hnspuës hn ue trmsplmetn hn darmzôe a dae pradnsas hn kegkltrmdkôe ikadírhkdm. ^e nonipla nspndégkda ns hntnrikemr nl trmtmikneta pmrm lm miklakhasks hn dmhnem lkbnrm (ML) a lm miklakhasks par trmestkrntkem (> (>). Lms kehkdmdka kehkdmdkaens ens mhkdkaemlns pmrm lm `kapskm nehaikadírhkdm kedluyne pmdknetns dae negnrinhmh rípkhminetn prabrnskvm n kenxplkdm`ln.
dmrhkaikapmtém y mqunllas ne quknens sn nstí daeskhnrmeha lm ikadmrhktks mdtkvm, nspndkmlinetn lm ikadmrhktks hn dëlulms bkbmetns (= ( =).
0. Dmtntnrksia hnl darmzôe hnrndfa ne pmdknetns dae KD mbuhm. Nl nesmya NTDMZN (Nstuhka hn nvmlumdkôe hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm daebnstkvm y lm ngkdmdkm hnl dmtntnrksia hn lm mrtnrkm puliaemr) nedaetrô qun nl usa rutkemrka hn lm iaektarkzmdkôe hnl dmtëtnr ZM pmrm pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ea ea prapardkaeô `nengkdkas (4 (4). Tke ni`mrba, lm nvmlumdkôe a iaektarkzmdkôe fniahkeíikdm kevmskvm punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm bukmr nl imenoa ne pmdknetns dukhmhasminetn snlnddkaemhas dae FG mbuhm qun tknene séetaims pnrskstnetns m pnsmr hnl trmtmikneta. Nsta kedluyn pmdknetns duya nstmha hn léqukhas, pnrguskôe a rnskstnedkm vmsdulmr skstëikdm a puliaemr ns kedknrta, duym prnskôe mrtnrkml skstôlkdm (ZMT) pnrimendn `mom a nstí msadkmhm dae séetaims, m pnsmr hnl trmtmikneta kekdkml3 duym guedkôe rneml nstí nipnarmeha dae lm tnrmpkm3 a qun rnquknrne mbnetns vmsamdtkvas pmrnetnrmlns. 4. Ea sn fm nstm`lndkha ue pmpnl pmrm lms inhkdkaens fniahkeíikdms kevmskvms pnrkôhkdms a hn rutkem ne nl trmtmikneta hn lm KD. Lm imyarém hn las gírimdas utklkzmhas pmrm trmtmr lm KD sn prnsdrk`ne ne guedkôe hn su dmpmdkhmh pmrm inoarmr las séetaims a lm supnrvkvnedkm iís qun par su ngndta sa`rn lms vmrkm`lns fniahkeíikdms. Lms hasks kekdkml y a`ontkva hn nstas inhkdminetas bnenrmlinetn sn snlnddkaeme sa`rn lm `msn hn lm nxpnrknedkm hn nesmyas daetralmhas ne lubmr hn las dmi`kas prahudkhas ne nl bmsta dmrhémda a lm prnskôe hn nedlmvmikneta nedlmvmikn eta hn las dmpklmrns puliaemrns. puliaemrns.44,8). 8. Las pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ea hn`ne saintnrsn m uem `kapskm nehaikadírhkdm hn rutkem hn`kha ml rknsba hn daiplkdmdkaens qun kedluyne pnrgarmdkôe, tmpaemikneta dmrhémda y garimdkôe hn trai`as, msé daia rnehkikneta hkmbeôstkda lkiktmha (> ( >,7).
ZBL >.7.: HXH -OMD0;=:0Qpraag - 08 hn imrza hn 0:00 - =>?40 - dn
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
n02
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
8.7. Rnmrm`lns y Iaektarna Pniata (Kedluyneha Xnlniaektarkzmdkôe y Iaektarna hn Hkspasktkvas)
Pndainehmdkôe pmrm Rnmrm`lns y Iaektarna Pniata (Kedluyneha Xnlniaektarna y Iaektarna hn Hkspasktkvas) Las nstuhkas rngnrnedkmhas qun rnspmlhme lm rndainehmdkôe sn rnsuine ne nlTuplninetas nlTuplninetas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm.
DAP
LAN
0`
@P
PNDAINEHMDKÔE =. Ne pmdknetns mhultas snlnddkaemhas dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dlmsn KKK hn lm E[FM y metndnhnetns hn faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne nl ÿltkia mýa a ekvnlns nlnvmhas hn pëptkha emtrkurëtkda, dae hasks nstm`lns iíxkims talnrmhms hn BHIX dae tnrmpkm hn hkspasktkva ôptkim, lm utklkhmh hn lm iaektarkzmdkôe kemlíi`rkdm hn lm prnskôe hn ZM inhkmetn ue hkspasktkva kiplmetmha iaektar fniahkeíikda pmrm rnhudkr nl rknsba hn faspktmlkzmdkaens pastnrkarns par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ns kedknrta (=-8 (=-8).).
Hndlmrmdkôe hn vmlar? vmlar kedknrta (@-EP)
0. Ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dlmsn KKK hn lm E[FM dae uem faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne nl mýa metnrkar, lm iaektarkzmdkôe kemlíi`rkdm hn lm prnskôe hn lm MZ inhkmetn ue iaektar fniahkeíikda kiplmetmha prapardkaem ue vmlar vmlar kedknrta kedknrta (8-2 (8-2).).
Tkeapsks Lm KD ns uem daehkdkôe drôekdm puetumhm par pnréahas hn kenstm`klkhmh. M pnsmr hn lm nstrndfm iaektarkzmdkôe laebktuhkeml m trmvës hn vksktms prnsnedkmlns, lms tmsms hn nvnetas skbune skneha mltms, la qun agrndn ue pmpnl patnedkml pmrm lms nstrmtnbkms hn iaektarkzmdkôe rniatm pmrm inoarmr las rnsultmhas dléekdas. Lms nstrmtnbkms pra`mhms ne nesmyas mlnmtarkzmhas kedluyne ue snesar hn prnskôe ZM kiplmetm`ln (DmrhkaINIT), tnlniaektarkzmdkôe ea kevmskvm a iaektarkzmdkôe m trmvës hn hkspasktkvas nlndtrôekdas kiplmetmhas nxkstnetns (KDH a DPX-H). Pnsultmhas hn ue sala nesmya mlnmtarkzmha (=-4 (=-4),), y nstuhkas dae skhnrmdkôe dkôe hn ue a`snrvmdkaemlns pastnrkarns (6-=: (6-=:),), rnspmlhme lm daeskhnrm snesar ZM kiplmetm`ln ne pmdknetns snlnddkaemhas dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm pmrm rnhudkr nl rknsba hn faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. Zar nl daetrmrka, ue nesmya rndknetn qun pra`ô ue snesar hn prnskôe ZM ea duiplkô dae su drktnrka prkedkpml hn vmlarmdkôe vmlarmdkôe ( (88). Las rnsultmhas hn nesmyas dléekdas metnrkarns ea rnspmlhme lms nstrmtnbkms mltnremtkvms hn iaektarkzmdkôe rniatm (p. no., tnlniaektarkzmdkôe ea kevmskvm a iaektarkzmdkôe rniatm hn pmríintras gkskalôbkdas daia lm mdtkvkhmh hnl pmdknetn, lm kipnhmedkm tarídkdm, lm grndunedkm dmrhémdm)
pnrsaeml hnl nstuhka dae pmdknetns ne nl `rmza hn trmtmikneta, la qun plmetnm prnadupmdkaens intahalôbkdms sa`rn lm pask`klkhmh hn qun nl snsba fmym keglukha ne sus rnsultmhas (=;-0= (=;-0=)). Ne nl rndknetn nstuhka B^KHN-FG (Fmniahyemikd-B^KHNnh imembninet ag Fnmrt Gmklurn), nl trmtmikneta bukmha par fniahkeíikdm hn las pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn dlmsn KK m KW hn lm E[FM ea rnhuoa skbekgkdmtkvminetn lm tmsm daipunstm hn iartmlkhmh y las nvnetas tatmlns hn KD (8 (8). Lm utklkhmh hn lm tnlniaektarkzmdkôe ea kevmskvm (== (==,,=0, =0,00, 00,04) 04) a iaektarkzmdkôe rniatm hn pmríintras gkskalôbkdas (=4-=6 (=4-=6)) (p. no., mdtkvkhmh mdtkvkh mh hnl pmdknetn, kipnhmedkm tarídkdm, grndunedkm dmrhémdm) m trmvës hn hkspasktkvas nlëdtrkdas kiplmetmhas (KDH a DPX-H) pmrm inoarmr las rnsultmhas dléekdas skbun skneha kedknrta. Tn endnsktme iís nstuhkas hn nstas negaquns metns hn qun punhme rndainehmrsn pmrm lm mtnedkôe dléekdm hn rutkem. 0. Xrns nstuhkas nstuhkas `msmh `msmhas as ne iahnlas ( iahnlas (>-2 >-2)) fme nvmlumha lm rnetm`klkhmh hn lm iaektarkzmdkôe kemlíi`rkdm hn lm prnskôe ZM nstuhka hnl nl hkspasktkva utklkzmeha hmtas hnl DFMIZKAE-FG (= ( =) nstuhka h DmrhkaINIT. Las 4 nstuhkas nstkimrae qun lm kiplmetmdkôe y nl
pmrm nstn prapôskta (==-=6 (==-=6).).
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Nl nesmya DFMIZKAE (DmrhkaINIT Fnmrt Tnesar Mllaws Iaektarkeb ag Zrnssurn ta Kipravn Autdains ke E[FM Dlmss KKK Fnmrt Gmklurnpmtknets)) kegariô uem rnhuddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm hnl 06 % hn lms Gmklurnpmtknets faspktmlkzmdkaens rnlmdkaemhms rnlmdkaemhms dae lm KD hnspuës hn 7 insns ne pmdknetns mskbemhas mlnmtarkminetn mlnmtarkminetn m ue iaektar hn prnskôe ZM kiplmetmha ne daipmrmdkôe dae ue brupa hn daetral (= (=). Las pmdknetns hn`éme tnenr uem faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne nl mýa metnrkar y rndk`kr hasks nstm`lns hn ue `laqunmhar `ntm y ue kefk`khar hn lm nezkim daevnrtkharm hn mebkatneskem (MDNk) (a ue `laqunmhar hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem (KK) SMP@Y) sk las talnrm`m. Nl `nengkdka dléekda pnrskstkô hnspuës hn ue snbukikneta m iís lmrba plmza y sn a`snrvô ne mi`as suontas dae rnhuddkôe ((44) y prnsnrvmha ( prnsnrvmha ( 0) GNWK. Tke ni`mrba, ni`mrba, DFMIZKAE gun ue nesmya ea dknba y fu`a daetmdta hkgnrnedkml hn
daetral hn DmrhkaINIT muinetmrae lm supnrvkvnedkm y las mýas hn vkhm moustmhas par dmlkhmh (]ML[) ml iksia tknipa qun muinetmrae las dastas. @msmha prkedkpmlinetn ne lms hkgnrnedkms dae rnspndta m lm imbektuh nspnrmhm hnl `nengkdka dléekda, 0 meílksks (> (>,2) ns nstkiô tkiô qun nl hkspasktkva prapardkaeô ue vmlar mlta iknetrms qun nl tnrd tnrdnra nra ((77) vmlar ketnrinhka nstkimha. Nstas meílksks tneéme vmrkms hkgnrnedkms kipartmetns hntmllmhms ne lms tm`lms hn nvkhnedkm, kedlukhm lm hurmdkôe hnl iahnla, las hmtas hn dmlkhmh hn vkhm, lms nstkimdkaens hn dastas y lms supaskdkaens dae rnspndta m lm iartmlkhmh. ^e meílksks ((77) nedaetrmrae qun nl vmlar ndaeôikda hn lm kiplmetmdkôe hn DmrhkaINIT hnpnehém ne brme inhkhm hn su ngndta sa`rn lm iartmlkhmh y lm hurmdkôe hnl `nengkdka hnl trmtmikneta, las dumlns mÿe ea nstíe dlmras. Nstuhkas hn dastn-ngndtkvkhmh kedarparmeha hmtas hn B^K B^KHN-FG HN-FG ( 8) ea fme skha pu`lkdmhas. Las hmtas mhkdkaemlns sa`rn las rnsultmhas dléekdas trms lm kiplmetmdkôe hn DmrhkaINIT inoarmríe lms nstkimdkaens hn su vmlar ndaeôikda.
n06
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
8.2. Zrun`ms hn nonrdkdka y dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm lms prun`ms hn nonrdkdka y dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm.
DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
=
D-LH
=. Ne pmdknetns dae KD, sn rndaiknehm lm nvmlumdkôe y haduinetmdkôe hn lm dlmskgkdmdkôe guedkaeml hn lm E[FM pmrm hntnrikemr lm nlnbk`klkhmh pmrm las trmtmiknet trmtmiknetas as (= (=-4 -4).).
=
D-LH
0. Ne pmdknetns mi`ulmtarkas snlnddkaemhas dae KD, sn rndaiknehm lm prun`m hn nsgunrza dmrhkapuliaemr (DZNX) pmrm hntnrikemr lm khaenkhmh hn las trmtmiknetas mvmezmhas (p. no., LWMH, trmsplmetn hn darmzôe) (8-6 (8-6).).
0m
D-LH
4. Ne pmdknetns mi`ulmtarkas dae KD, ns rmzaem`ln rnmlkzmr ue DZNX a uem prun`m hn dmikemtm hn 7 ikeutas pmrm nvmlumr lm dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml (8 (8,>,;-=7 ;-=7).).
0m
D-LH
=2,,=6 8. Ne pmdknetns mi`ulmtarkas dae hksenm kenxplkdm`ln, lm DZNX ns rmzaem`ln pmrm nvmlumr lm dmusm hn lm hksenm ((=2 ).
Tkeapsks
nonrdkdka daesuia hn axébnea / daesuia hn axébnea (WA 0) sn utklkzm m
Nl hntnrkara guedkaeml y lm ketalnrmedkm ml nonrdkdka sae daiuens ne lm KD. Lm DZNX y lm prun`m hn dmikemtm hn 7 i ikeutas keutas sae prun`ms nstmehmrkzmhms, daegkm`lns y rnprahudk`lns pmrm dumetkgkdmr lm dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml (=;(=;-00 00).). Lm dlmskgkdmdkôe guedkaeml hn lm E[FM sn punhn utklkzmr pmrm dmlkgkdmr lm brmvnhmh hn lm lkiktmdkôe guedkaeml snbÿe nl kegarin hnl pmdknetn sa`rn las séetaims nxpnrkinetmhas dae lm mdtkvkhmh (= (=) y sn utklkzm pmrm hngkekr dmehkhmtas pmrm hntnrikemhas trmtmiknetas.
ineuha pmrm nstrmtkgkdmr nl rknsba hn las pmdknetns y taimr hndkskaens sa`rn nl iaineta hn lms tnrmpkms mvmezmhms pmrm lm KD,
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe
kedlukha nl trmsplmetn hn darmzôe y nl LWMH. Ne ue mrtédula fkstôrkda ( fkstôrkda (22 ), las kevnstkbmharns hkvkhknrae m las pmdknetns rniktkhas pmrm ue trmsplmetn hn darmzôe ne brupas snbÿe su WA pkda0 (2). Zmdknetns dae pkda hn WA 0,=0, =0,=8, =8,hkndksëks hkndksëks,08). D Dkkim
talnrme las `ntm`laqunmetns punhne tnenr uem inoar supnrvkvnedkm dae ue WA nqukvmlnetn0ne daipmrmdkôe dae pmdknetns qun ea talnrme
mutarns prapusknrae nl pkda hn WA0# =8 il/cb/ike daia pueta hn dartn pmrm hkstkebukr m las pmdknetns qun punhne a`tnenr ue `nengkdka hn supnrvkvnedkm hnl trmsplmetn hn darmzôe darmz ôe ( (22). Las pmdknetns qun
las `ntm`laqunmetns (0> (0>,,07). 07). Zmrm Zmrm las p pmdknetns mdknetns qun taime `laqunmharns `ntm, ue WA pkda 0# =0 iL/cb/ike sn fm subnrkha daia ue pueta hn dartn iís mprapkmha pmrm daeskhnrmr lm lkstm hn trmsplmetn dmrhémda (6 (6).
Lm nvmlumdkôe a`ontkvm hn lm dmpmdkhmh hn nonrdkdka dae DZNX punhn snr ÿtkl ne nl imenoa dléekda hn pmdknetns dae KD. Muequn DZNX skbun skneha lm inhkhm nstíehmr hn ara hn lm dmpmdkhmh hn nonrdkdka, lms lkiktmdkaens pmrm ue usa iís bnenrmlkzmha kedluyne lm endnskhmh hn nqukpas nspndkmlns y pnrsaeml dmpmdktmha, la qun daehudn m lm gmltm hn hkspaek`klkhmh ne iudfas faspktmlns y dléekdms. Mhniís, ea ns `kne talnrmha par mlbueas pmdknetns. Lm prun`m hn dmikemtm hn 7 ikeutas ns uem garim mltnremtkvm hn inhkr lm dmpmdkhmh hn nonrdkdka qun nstí miplkminetn hkspaek`ln y ns `kne talnrmhm par las pmdknetns. Daeskstn ne dmikemr hurmetn 7 ikeutas sa`rn ue plmea inhkha.
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
dursa, y las pmdknetns punhne rnhudkr lm vnladkhmh a hntnenrsn sk ns endnsmrka. ^em rnvkskôe skstniítkdm hn =8 nstuhkas nedaetrô qun las rnsultmhas hn lm prun`m hn dmikemtm hn 7 ikeutas sn darrnlmdkaemrae iahnrmhminetn dae nl WA pkda0y gunrae ue kehkdmhar gkm`ln y vílkha hn lm dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml ne pmdknetns dae KD qun ea dmikem`me 5 8;: i (6 (6). Lm hkstmedkm rndarrkhm rndarrkhm ne lm prun`m hn imrdfm hn 7 ikeutas sn fm msadkmha dae nl praeôstkda hn lm KD ne iÿltkplns =>,hkndksëks, hkndksëks,02). 02). ^e léiktn hn , mpraxkimhminetn dae pmdknetns dae séetaims hn dlmsn KKK m KW hn lm E[FM y sn msadkm dae uem pnar supnrvkvnedkm m las 4 mýas ske trmsplmetn hn darmzôe (70 % grnetn ml 60 % pmrm mqunllas qun dmikeme $ 4:: i) (02 (02).).
8. Lm hksenm ns ue séetaim daiplnoa qun punhn rnglnomr meaimléms ne vmrkas skstnims hkgnrnetns y punhn vnrsn keglukha par gmdtarns pskdalôbkdas y mi`knetmlns. Lm DZNX kiplkdm qun las pmdknetns rnmlkdne uem prun`m hn nonrdkdka ne dketm rahmetn (a `kdkdlntm nstmdkaemrkm), ml iksia tknipa qun rnmlkzme inhkdkaens hnl ketnrdmi`ka hn bmsns vnetklmtarkas (06 (06).). DZNX pnriktn lm ketnbrml
nvmlumdkôe hn iÿltkplns inhkhms gkskalôbkdms qun punhne mgndtmr lm dmpmdkhmh hn nonrdkdka y daetrk`ukr d aetrk`ukr m lm hksenm. Zrapardkaem meílksks hnl ketnrdmi`ka hn bmsns y prahudn inhkhms hn daesuia hn axébnea (WA0), smlkhm hn hkôxkha hn dmr`aea y vnetklmdkôe. Nstms inhkhms sn punhne ketnbrmr dae lms vmrkm`lns nstíehmr hn lms prun`ms hn nonrdkdka, daia lm grndunedkm dmrhémdm, lm prnskôe mrtnrkml, las fmllmzbas nlndtradmrhkabrígkdas y las séetaims pmrm prapardkaemr kegarimdkôe sa`rn las indmeksias gkskalôbkdas su`ymdnetns m lm hksenm hn ue pmdknetn. Ne pmrtkdulmr, lm DZNX punhn myuhmr m hkstkebukr hks tkebukr lms ntkalabéms hn lm hksenm rnspkrmtarkm grnetn m lm dmrhémdm. Tk lm dmpmdkhmh hn nonrdkdka nstí hksikeukhm pnra lms rnspunstms dmrhkapuliaemrns sae earimlns, sn hn`ne daeskhnrmr atrms dmusms d musms hn hksenm, daia meaimléms intm`ôlkdms y gmltm hn mdaehkdkaemikneta.
8.6. Nvmlumdkôe kekdkml y ne snrkn? Nvmlumdkôe dléekdm? Zuetumdkôe hn rknsba hn KD
Pndainehmdkôe pmrm lm nvmlumdkôe kekdkml y ne snrkn? nvmlumdkôe dléekdm? puetumdkôe hn rknsba hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lm rndainehmdkôe sn rnsuine ne nlTuplninetas nlTuplninetas hn hmtas hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKÔE
0m
@-EP
=. Ne pmdknetns mi`ulmtarkas u faspktmlkzmhas dae KD, lms puetumdkaens hn rknsba iultkvmrkm`ln vmlkhmhms punhne snr ÿtklns pmrm nstkimr nl rknsba hn iartmlkhmh su`skbuknetn (=-=8 ( =-=8).).
Tkeapsks Las iëhkdas hn`ne nvmlumr hn garim rutkemrkm nl rknsba hn ue pmdknetn
Nstas puetmons hn rknsba sae pmrm usa ne pmdknetns mi`ulmtarkas, faspktmlkzmhas y lm pa`lmdkôe ne bnenrml.
hn ue rnsultmha mhvnrsa pmrm bukmr lms hksduskaens sa`rn nl praeôstkda, las a`ontkvas hn lm mtnedkôe y lms hndkskaens hn trmtmikneta. Tn fme
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe
hnsmrrallmha y vmlkhmha vmrkas iahnlas prnhkdtkvas hn rnsultmhas hn pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm utklkzmeha hmtas hn nesmyas dléekdas, rnbkstras y dafartns `msmhms ne lm pa`lmdkôe. Las iahnlas dae inoar rnehkikneta sn fme dnetrmha ne lm prnhkddkôe hn lm iartmlkhmh m darta y lmrba plmza, iknetrms qun las iahnlas prnhkdtkvas hn faspktmlkzmdkôe a rnkebrnsa par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm bnenrmlinetn fme tnekha uem hksdrkikemdkôe pa`rn a iahnstm. Las iahnlas prnhkdtkvas tmi`këe punhne nvmlumr nl rknsba hn KD kedkhnetn netrn lm pa`lmdkôe bnenrml y hn`ne tnenrsn ne dunetm ne lm prnvnedkôe hn lm KD. K D. Ne nl dursa hn lm nvmlumdkôe nstíehmr, las iëhkdas hn`ne nvmlumr hn garim rutkemrkm nl patnedkml hn rnsultmha mhvnrsa hnl pmdknetn, parqun lm nstrmtkgkdmdkôe prndksm hnl rknsba punhn myuhmr m bukmr lm taim hn hndkskaens tnrmpëutkdms. kedluyneha uem trmeskdkôe iís rípkhm m tnrmpkms mvmezmhms hn KD. Wmrkas iëtahas nvmlÿme a`ontkvminetn nl rknsba (Xm`lm ( Xm`lm 66),), kedlukhms lms prun`ms hn `kaimrdmharns, msé daia vmrkms puetumdka vmrkms puetumdkaens ens hn rknsba dléekda iultkvmrkm`ln, y mlbuems qun kedluyne mprnehkzmon mutaiítkda (=-=8 (=-=8 ).
=. Zmrm lm KD, fmy vmrkas iahnlas dléekdas m daeskhnrmr qun kedluyne nl nspndtra hn lm KD snbÿe lm GN y nl netarea dléekda. Zmrm lm KD drôekdm, nl iahnla hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn Tnmttln (0 (0), lm puetumdkôe hn Tupnrvkvnedkm m lm Kesugkdkned Kesugkdkne dkm Dmrhémdm (= (=), y lm puetumdkô puetumd kôe e IMBBKD ((44) sn fme utklkzmha daiÿeinetn pmrm prapardkaemr nstkimdkaens hn supnrvkvnedkm. Nl iahnla prnhkdtkva IMBBKD punhn snr `mstmetn ÿtkl hmhm su hnrkvmdkôe y vmlkhmdkôe ne iÿltkplns nesmyas dléekdas y dafartns, kedlukhas nstuhkas iís rndknetns. Zmrm lm KDGNP drôekdm, nxkstne iahnlas mhkdkaemlns qun kedluyne atrms vmrkm`lns dléekdms, kedlukhm lm dmpmdkhmh hn nonrdkdka (2) y las ekvnlns hn pëptkha emtrkurët emtrkurëtkda kda ((66). Mskiksia, pmrm lm KDGNp drôe drôekdm kdm nxkstne iahnlas prnhkdtkvas iís nspndégkdas pmrm =:). Ne lm nsm pa`lmdkôe hnrkvmhas hn hmtas hn nesmyas dléekdas (; (;,=:). kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm mbuhm, mbuhm, sn p punhne unhne utklkzmr vmrkas iahnlas dléekdas pmrm prnhndkr lm supnrvkvnedkm m darta d arta plmza. plmza.==-=4 ==-=4).).
n0;
n4:
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
XM@LM 6
Zuetumdkaens hn rknsba iultkvmrkm`ln snlnddkaemhms pmrm prnhndkr nl rnsultmha ne KD
Lkec hn rngnrnedkm
Zuetumdkôe hn rknsba
Mýa pu`lkdmha
KD drôekdm Xahas las pmdknetns dae KD drôekdm
(0)fttps?//hnpts.wmsfkebtae.nhu/sfgi/1wkhtf¼=88: y mlturm¼;::( mlturm¼;::(=>)
Iahnla hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn Tnmttln
(=)
Zuetumdkôe hn supnrvkvnedkm hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm
IÍBKDA
(4)fttp?//www.fnmrtgmklurnrksc.arb/ ttp?//www.fnmrtgmklurnrksc.arb/((hkndksëk hkndksëkss)
0::7 =;;2 0:=4
Zuetmon hn rknsba DFMPI
(8)
0::7
Zuetmon hn rknsba DAPAEM
(>)
0::;
ZMPMHKBIM-FG
(7)
0:0:
FG-MDDKÔE
(2)
0:=0
B^ÉM-KX
(6)
0:=;
Zuetumdkôe hn K-ZPNTNPWN
(;)
0:==
HAE BMXA
(=:) =:)
0:0:
(==) ==)
0::>
Nspndégkda hn KDGNP drôekdm
Nspndégkda pmrm FGpNG drôekdm
KD mbuhminetn hnsdaipnesmhm
Iahnla hn ír`al hn dlmskgkdmdkôe y rnbrnskôe (DMPX) MHFNPN Zuetumdkôe hn lm MFM pmrm snbukr lms pmutms
(=0) =0)fttps?//www.ihdmld.dai/bwtb-fnmrt-gmklurn-rksc-sdarn ttps?//www.ihdmld.dai/bwtb-fnmrt-gmklurn-rksc-sdarn((=2) =2) (=4 =4))fttp?//www.ddart.dm/Pnsnmrdf/DFGPkscIahnl.mspx ttp?//www.ddart.dm/Pnsnmrdf/DFGPkscIahnl.mspx((=6) =6)
NGNDXA Zuetumdkôe hn rknsba
Iahnla hn rknsba NTDMZN y puetumdkôe hn mltm
(=8 =8))
0:=:, 0:0= 0::4, 0:=7
0:=:
MHFNPN kehkdm Pnbkstra Emdkaeml hn Kesugkdknedkm Dmrhémdm Mbuhm Hnsdaipnesmhm3 MFM, Msadkmdkôe Minrkdmem hnl Darmzôe3 MPKD, Pknsba hn Mtnrasdlnrasks ne lms Daiuekhmhns3 DFMPI, dmeh dmehnsmrtíe nsmrtíe ne kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm? nvmlumdkôe hn lm rnhuddkôe hn lm iartmlkhmh y lm iar`klkhmh3 DAPAEM, Nesmya Iultkemdkaeml hn Pasuvmstmtkem Daetralmhm ne Kesugkdknedkm Dmrhémdm3 NGGNDX, rntramlkinetmdkôe inoarmhm pmrm ue trmtmikneta dmrhémda ngkdmz3 NTDMZN, Nstuhka hn Nvmlumdkôe hn lm Kesugkdknedkm Dmrhémdm Daebnstkvm y lm Ngkdmdkm hnl Dmtntnrksia hn lm Mrtnrkm Zuliaemr3 B^KHN-KH, buém hn lm tnrmpkm `msmhm ne lm nvkhnedkm inhkmetn nl trmtmikneta ketneskgkdmha dae `kaimrdmharns3 KD, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 FGpNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe daesnrvmhm3 FG-MDXKAE, Kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm? ue nesmya daetralmha qun kevnstkbm las rnsultmhas hnl netrnemikneta dae nonrdkdkas Brupa bla`ml hn intmeílksks IMBBKD ne kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm drôekdm3 KZPNTNPWN, nstuhka hn kr`nsmrtme ne kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe daesnrvmhm3 ZDZ-FG, Ndumdkaens hn dafartns mbrupmhms pmrm prnvnekr lm KD3 y XAZDMX, Xrmtmikneta hn lm k esugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae guedkôe dmrhémdm daesnrvmhm dae ue nesmya hn metmbaekstm hn lm mlhastnraem.
NXMZM M (ZMDKNEXNT NE PKNTBA HN KD) >.=. Zmdknetns dae rknsba hn KD (Ntmpm M? Zrnvnedkôe prkimrkm)
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm pmdknetns dae rknsba hn KD (Ntmpm M? prnvnedkôe prkimrkm) Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
M
=. Ne pmdknetns dae fkpnrtneskôe, llmm prnskôe mrtnrkml hn`n daetralmrsn hn mdunrha dae BHIX pmrm lm fkpnrtneskôe pmrm prnvnekr lm KD sketaiítkdm ( sketaiítkdm (==-;;).
=
M
0. Ne pmdknetns dae hkm`ntns tkpa 0 y NDW nstm`lndkhm a dae mlta rknsba dmrhkavmsdulmr, sn hn`n usmr TBLX0k pmrm prnvnekr faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD (=:-=0 ( =:-=0).).
=
@-EP
4. Ne lm pa`lmdkôe bnenrml, las fí`ktas hn vkhm smluhm`lns, daia lm mdtkvkhmh géskdm rnbulmr, nl imetnekikneta hn ue pnsa eariml, las fí`ktas mlkinetmrkas smluhm`lns y nvktmr nl tm`mquksia, sae ÿtklns pmrm rnhudkr nl rknsba gutura hn KD KD ( (=4-0= =4-0=).).
0m
@P
8. Zmrm las pmdknetns dae rknsba hn hnsmrrallmr KD, lm hntnddkôe `msmhm ne `kaimrdmharns hn pëptkha emtrkurëtkda snbukhm hn mtnedkôe ne nqukpa, kedlukha ue nspndkmlkstm dmrhkavmsdulmr qun aptkikzm BHIX, punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm prnvnekr nl
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
hnsmrralla hn hksguedkôe hnl WK (skstôlkdm a hkmstôlkdm) a KD hn eunvm mpmrkdkôe (00 ( 00,,04). >. Ne lm pa`lmdkôe bnenrml, lms puetumdkaens hn rknsba iultkvmrkm`ln vmlkhmhms punhne snr ÿtklns pmrm nstkimr nl rknsba su`skbuknetn hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm
0m
@-EP
kedkhnetn (08-07 (08-07).).
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
Tkeapsks Fí`ktas hn vkhm smluhm`lns daia imetnenr i metnenr uem mdtkvkhmh géskdm rnbulmr3 pnsa, prnskôe mrtnrkml y ekvnlns hn bludasm ne smebrn earimlns3 las pmtraens hkntëtkdas smluhm`lns y ea guimr rnhudne nl rknsba prkiarhkml y sn fme msadkmha dae ue inear rknsba hn hnsmrrallmr KD m la lmrba hn lm vkhm. vkhm.=4-0= =4-0=,,02 02).). Lms bué ms ms hn prnvnedkôe prkimrkm hn lm MFM/MDD `rkehme rndainehmdkaens pmrm lm hkntm, lm mdtkvkhmh géskdm y nl daetral hn pnsa, tahms lms dumlns sn fme msadkmha dae nl rknsba hn KD (06 (06).). Lm prnskôe mrtnrkml ns ue gmdtar hn rknsba kipartmetn pmrm lm KD y sn rndaiknehm ue a`ontkva hn trmtmikneta hn >pmrm pmrm skstôlkdm, hksguedkôe hkmstôlkdm n KD hnl hnl WK. K.000,04 DAP = y 0m pmrm nstmhka M (dae rknsba hn KD) y nstmhka @ (prn-KD). Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe Lm prnskôe mrtnrkml skstôlkdm y hkmstôlkdm nlnvmhm sae gmdtarns hn rknsba kipartmetns pmrm nl hnsmrralla hn KD sketaiítkdm. s ketaiítkdm.66,;,40 40).). Iudfas nesmyas as nesmyas fme hniastrmha qun nl daetral hn lm Muequn qun lm imbektuh fkpnrtneskôe rnhudn nl rknsba hn KD (=-2 ( =-2).). Mue hnl `nengkdka vmrém dae lm pa`lmdkôe hn pmdknetns, lm rnhuddkôe hn lm prnskôe mrtnrkml a`ontkva y las drktnrkas hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, nl trmtmikneta ngkdmz hn lm fkpnrtneskôe kevmrkm`lninetn rnhudn las nvnetas hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. Ne nl nesmya TZPKEX (Tystalkd @laah Zrnssurn Ketnrvnetkae Xrkml), nl daetral fmdkm ue a`ontkva hn ZMT ). Zar la tmeta, lm ZMT y lm prnskôe mrtnrkml hkmstôlkdm hn`ne daetralmrsn hn mdunrha dae lms buéms hn prídtkdm dlé prídtkdm dlé ekdm ekdm pu`lkdmhms (4: (4:).). 0. Iÿltkplns NDM ne pmdknetns dae hkm`ntns tkpa 0 y ne rknsba hn, a dae
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
rkbkhnz n ketnrmddkôe dae nl Emõ/ Fõketnrdmi`kmhar (44 (44,,48 48).). Las TBLX0k bnenrmlinetn sn talnrme `kne, pnra nstas mbnetns ea sn fme nvmlumha ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm rneml brmvn (tmsm hn gkltrmdkôe blainrulmr nstkimhm SXGBnY il/ike/=,24 i 0) (4> (4>).). 4. ^em imyar mhfnrnedkm m fí`ktas hn vkhm smluhm`lns daia lm mdtkvkhmh géskdm rnbulmr, nvktmr lm a`nskhmh, imetnenr lm prnskôe mrtnrkml y lm bludasm ne smebrn earimlns, ea guimr y pmtraens hn mlkinetmdkôe smluhm`lns sn fme msadkmha dae ue inear rknsba hn KD m la lmrba hn lm vkhm y uem imyar prnsnrvmdkôe hn lm 02). Las pmtraens pmtraens hn mlki mlkinetmdkôe netmdkôe nstrudturm dmrhémdm (=4-=7 (=4-=7,,02). smluhm`lns, ne pmrtkdulmr mqunllas qun sn `msme iís ne nl daesuia hn mlkinetas hnrkvmhas hn plmetms, daia lm hkntm inhktnrríenm, hn brmeas ketnbrmlns, `msmhm ne plmetms y lm hkntm HMTF (Hkntmry Mppramdfns ta Ttap Fypnrtneskae), nstíe kevnrsminetn msadkmhas dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm kedkhnetn y punhne agrndne dknrtm pratnddkôe daetrm nl hnsmrralla hn FG ( =2-0= 2-0=).). 8. ^e nstuhka hn dnetra ÿekda ea dknba m brme nsdmlm (TXAZ-FG SXfn Tt Wkednet's Tdrnnekeb ta Zrnvnet Fnmrt GmklurnY) (00 00)) hn pmdknetns dae rknsba hn KD (khnetkgkdmhas par lm prnsnedkm hn fkpnrtneskôe, hkm`ntns a negnrinhmh vmsdulmr daeadkhm) pnra ske hksguedkôe skstôlkdm hnl WK nstm`lndkhm a KD sketaiítkdm ml kekdka nedaetrmrae qun nl drk`mha dae prun`ms hn @EZ y lunba lm ketnrvnedkôe ne mqunllas dae ekvnlns hn $ >: pb /il (rnmlkzmdkôe hn ndadmrhkabrmgém y hnrkvmdkôe m ue nspndkmlkstm dmrhkavmsdulmr) rnhuoa nl drktnrka hn vmlarmdkôe daipunsta hn hksguedkôe msketaiítkdm hnl WK (skstôlkdm a hkmstôlkdm) dae a ske kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm rndkëe hkmbeastkdmhm (00 (00).). Hn imenrm skiklmr, ne atra NDM pnqunýa pnqunýa hn ue sala dnetra, lm tktulmdkôe mdnlnrmhm hn metmbaekstms hn TPMM y `ntm`laqunmetns rnhuoa las nvnetas dmrhémdas ne pmdknetns dae hkm`ntns y ekvnlns nlnvmhas hn EXpra@EZ pnra ske negnrinhmh dmrhémdm ml kekdka (04). 04).
>. Lm KD kedkhnetn sn punhn prnhndkr m pmrtkr hn hkgnrnetns iahnlas, kedlukhas las hnrkvmhas hn hkvnrsms pa`lmdkaens ((Xm`lm Xm`lm ;;).). Nl iahnla ZDZ-FG (nd (ndumdkaens umdkaens hn dafartns mbrupmhms pmrm prnvnekr lm KD) prapardkaem ndumdkaens hn rknsba hn =: mýas nspndégkdms pmrm lm rmzm y nl snxa hn 2 dafartns daiuektmrkms dae ml ineas =0 mýas hn
NDW nstm`lndkhm a ne mlta rknsba hn NDW, fme hniastrmha qun TBLX0k
kedl ukhass ne las iahnlas snbukikneta (0; (0;).). Las prnhkdtarns hn KD kedlukha
prnvknen lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne
nspndégkdas hn rmzm y snxa gunrae lm nhmh, lm prnskôe mrtnrkml (trmtmhm
daipmrmdkôe dae nl plmdn`a (=:-=0 (=:-=0).). Nl Nl `ne `nengkdka ngkdka hn rnhudkr lms
a ea trmtmhm), lm bludasm ne myuems (trmtmhm a ea trmtmhm), nl éehkdn hn
faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD ne nstas nesmyas rnglnom prnhaikemetninetn
imsm darparml, nl dalnstnral, nl tm`mquksia y lm hurmdkôe hnl ]PT. Las
lm prnvnedkôe prkimrkm hn lm KD sketaiítkdm, parqun sala
iahnlas sn punhne mplkdmr ml netarea dléekda hn ketnrës, skneha las
mpraxkimhminetn nl =: % ml =8 % hn las pmrtkdkpmetns ne nstas
iahnlas hn nesmyas dléekdas patnedkmlinetn ineas bnenrmlkzm`lns m
nesmyas tneéme KD ml kekdka hnl nstuhka. Las indmeksias pmrm lm
las iahnlas hn rnbkstra a `msm `msmhas has ne lm pa`lmdkôe. Mhniís, las
inoarm hn las nvnetas hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ea sn fme hkludkhmha
iahnlas prnhkdtkvas prapardkaeme lm nstkimdkôe prainhka hnl rknsba
dlmrminetn, pnra pmrndne snr kehnpnehknetns hn lm hksikeudkôe hn lm
hnrkvmha hn uem pa`lmdkôe, y nl rknsba kehkvkhuml punhn vmrkmr (47 47).). Lm
bludasm. Las indmeksias prapunstas kedluyne rnhuddkaens ne nl
ketnbrmdkôe hn lms puetumdkaens hn rknsba ne lm prídtkdm dléekdm fm fm
valuine plmsiítkda, prndmrbm y pasdmrbm dmrhémdms, mltnrmdkaens ne
iastrmha inoarns rnsultmhas. daia bnenrmdkôe hn hmtas
nl intm`alksia dmrhémda, hksikeudkôe hn lm prnskôe mrtnrkml
n4=
n40
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
GKB^PM >Pndainehmdkaens (Dlmsn = y 0m) pmrm Zmdknetns dae Pknsba hn KD (Nstmhka M) y Zrn-KD (Nstmhka @)
Las dalarns darrnspaehne m DAP neXm`lm neXm`lm 00.Tn .Tn iunstrme iunstrme DAP = y DAP 0m pmrm pmdknetns dae rknsba hn KD (nstmhka M) y mqunllas dae prn-KD (nstmhka @). Lms nstrmtnbkms hn imenoa kiplninetmhms ne pmdknetns dae rknsba hn KD (nstmhka M) hn`ne daetkeumr fmstm nl nstmhka @. MDNk kehkdm kefk`khar hn lm nezkim daevnrtkharm hn mebkatneskem3 MP@, `laqunmhar hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem3 ZM, prnskôe mrtnrkml3 DAP, Dlmsn hn Pndainehmdkôe3 NDW, negnrinhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr3 KD, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 HMK, hnsgk`rklmhar dmrhkavnrsar kiplmetm`ln3 GNWK? grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha3 KI, kegmrta hn ikadmrhka3 y TBLX0k, kefk`khar hnl datrmespartmhar hn sahka y bludasm 0.
XM@LM ;
Zuetumdkaens hn rknsba iultkvmrkm`ln snlnddkaemhms pmrm prnhndkr nl hnsmrralla hn lm KD kedkhnetn
Zuetumdkôe hn rknsba
Pngnrnedkm
Mýa pu`lkdmha
Zuetumdkôe hn rknsba hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn Grmikebfmi
(08) 08)
=;;;
Tmluh M@D Zuetumdkôe hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm
0>)) (0>
0::6
Zuetmon hn rknsba MPKD
(07) 07)
0:=0
ZDZ-FG
(0;) 0;)
0:=;
MPKD kehkdm rknsba hn mtnrasdlnrasks ne lms daiuekhmhns3 KD, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 y ZDZ-FG, Zaalnh Dafart Nqumtkaes ta Zrnvnet FG.
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
n44
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
muinetas hn las rnbkstras hn smluh nlndtrôekdas y gunetns hkbktmlns, sn nspnrm qun las iëtahas i ëtahas mvmezmhas dae mprnehkzmon mutaiítkda pralkgnrne ne nl hnsmrralla hn iahnlas hn prnhkddkôe hn rknsbas. Las iahnlas hn mprnehkzmon mutaiítkda m ineuha ea sn vmlkhme nxtnreminetn y su rnehkikneta punhn vmrkmr snbÿe lm pa`lmdkôe y nl netarea dléekda (42 ( 42).).
Lms pa`lmdkaens hn pmdknetns dmi`kme dae nl tknipa y ns pask`ln qun las iahnlas hn`me rndmlk`rmrsn pnrkôhkdminetn.
NTXMHKA @ (ZMDKNEXNT DAE ZPN-KD) 7.=. Imenoa hnl Nstmhka @? Zrnvnedkôe hnl Téehrain hn KD Dléekdm ne Zmdknetns dae Zrn-KD
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm nl imenoa hnl nstmhka @? prnvnedkôe hnl séehrain hn KD dléekdm d léekdm ne pmdknetns dae prn-KD Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nl Tuplninetas hn hmtas ne ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
M
=
M
=
@P
4. Ne pmdknetns dae kegmrta hn ikadmrhka rndknetn y GNWK£8:% qun sae ketalnrmetns m las KNDM, sn hn`n usmr MP@ pmrm prnvnekr lm KD sketaiítkdm y rnhudkr lm iartmlk iartmlkhmh hmh ( (=: =:).).
=
@P
8. Ne pmdknetns dae metndnhnetns rndknetns a rniatas hn KI a séehrain daraemrka mbuha (TDM) y GNWK£8:%, sn hn`ne usmr `laqunmharns `ntm `msmhas ne nvkhnedkm pmrm rnhudkr rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh (==(==-=4 =4).).
=
@P
>. Ne pmdknetns qun tknene ml ineas 8: héms hnspuës hn ue KI dae GNWK£4: % y séetaims hn dlmsn K hn lm E[FM iknetrms rndk`ne BHIX y tknene uem nxpndtmtkvm rmzaem`ln hn supnrvkvnedkm skbekgkdmtkvm hurmetn 5 = mýa, sn rndaiknehm ue KDH pmrm lm prnvnedkôe prkimrkm hn lm iunrtn sÿ`ktm dmrhémdm (TDH) pmrm rnhudkr l m iartmlkhmh tatml (=8 ( =8).).
=
D-LH
4? Hmýa
@P
2. Ne pmdknetns dae GNWK :%, ea sn hn`ne utklkzmr tkmzalkhkenhkaems parqun muinetme nl rknsba hn KD, kedlukhms lms faspktmlkzmdkaens (=> (=>).).
4? Hmýa
D-LH
6. Ne pmdknetns dae GNWK :%, las `laqunmharns hn las dmemlns hn dmldka ea hkfkhrapkrkhéekdas dae ngndtas keatrôpkdas enbmtkvas punhne snr hmýkeas (hkndksëk (hkndksëkss,=2 =2).).
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
=. Ne pmdknetns dae GGNWK£8:%, NWK£8:%, las KNDM hn`ne usmrsn pmrm prnvnekr lm KD sketaiítkdm y rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh (= ( =-8 -8).).
0. Ne pmdknetns dae metndnhnetns rndknetns a rniatas hn KI a TDM, sn hn`ne usmr nstmtkems pmrm prnvnekr lm KD sketaiítkdm y las nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns mhvnrsas (>-; (>-;).).
G NWK£8:%, sn hn`ne usmr `laqunmharns `ntm pmrm prnvnekr lm KD sketaiítkdm (=0 7. Ne pmdknetns dae GNWK£8:%, (=0,,=4 =4).).
Tkeapsks Ne bnenrml, tahms lms rndainehmdkaens pmrm pmdknetns dae KD ne nstmhka M tmi`këe sn mplkdme m mqunllas dae KD ne nstmhka @. Nl nstmhka @ (prn-KD) rnprnsnetm uem gmsn hn meaimléms dmrhémdms nstrudturmlns y guedkaemlns dléekdminetn msketaiítkdms qun muinetm khnetkgkdmdkôe hn pnrsaems dae nl rknsba hn KD sketaiítkdm.=6-0= sketaiítkdm.=6-0=).). Lm khnetkgkdmdkôe kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne ntmpm @ `rkehm lm apartuekhmh hn kekdkmr uem iahkgkdmdkôe hnl nstkla hn vkhm y uem tnrmpkm gmrimdalôbkdm qun punhn prnvnekr a rntrmsmr lm trmeskdkôe m lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm sketaiítkdm (ntmpm D/H). Wmrkms buéms hn prídtkdm dléekdm hn lm MDD/ MFM m`arhme nl imenoa mhndumha hn las pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne nstmhka @ ((Xm`lm Xm`lm =: =:).). Muequn iÿltkplns nstuhkas hnstmdme nl muineta hnl rknsba hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm msadkmha
kehkvkhuas dae GNWK hnprkikhm (GNWK % -8:%) (=( =- 8, 8,==-=4 ==-=4).). Las nstuhkass hn trmtmiknetas nspndégkdas pmrm mltnrmr lm mpmrkdkôe hn nstuhka kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne nl daetnxta hn hksguedkôe dmrhémdm msketaiítkdm dae GNWK daesnrvmhm (p. no., meaimléms hn lm hngarimdkôe ikadírhkdm a hksguedkôe hkmstôlkdm) fme skha lkiktmhas. Wmrkms daehkdkaens daiôr`khms, qun kedluyne hkm`ntns, a`nskhmh n fkpnrtneskôe, sn fme msadkmha dae hksguedkôe msketaiítkdm hnl WK.02 WK.02,, 06,4: 06, 4:,,4= 4=)) y dae prabrnskôe prabrnskôe hn hk hksguedk sguedkôe ôe msketaiítkdm hnl WK m KD sketaiítkdm (02 (02).). Zar tmeta, nstms daiar`klkhmhns sn daetralme snbÿ snbÿe e lms buéms hn prídtkdm dléekdm vkbnetns. Las `nengkdkas hn las metmbaekstms hn las rndnptarns hn ikenrmladartkdakhns (IPM) hnspuës hn ue kegmrta hn ikadmrhka sn s n fme hniastrmha prkedkpmlinetn ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG sketaiítkdm.40-48 sketaiítkdm.40-48).).
dae lm prnskô prnskôe e skstôlk skstôlkdm dm hnl WK msketaiítkdm. msketaiítkdm.=; =;,,0: 0:,,00-07 00-07)) y hksguedkôe hkmstôlkdm khnetkgkdmhm par kiíb kiíbnnens ea ea kevmskvms kevmskvms (=; (=;,,07-4: 07-4:),), lm gmrimdatnrmpkm `nengkdkasm pmrm lm hksguedkôe skstôlkdm msketaiítkdm hnl WK, daia las kefk`kharns hnl skstnim rnekem-mebkatneskem y las `laqunmharns `ntm, sn fme a`snrvmha prnhaikemetninetn ne
Las MPEk ea fme skha `kne nstuhkmhas ne lm ntmpm @ hn KD. Nl nstuhka ZMPMHKTN-IK (Zraspndtkvn MPEk vs. MDN kefk`ktar trkml ta HntnriKen Tupnrkarkty ke rnhudn fnmrt gmklurn Nvnets mgtnr Iyadmrhkml Kegmrdtkae) (4> (4>)) kegarimrí sa`rn
n48
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
0. Ne iÿltkplns NDM (80 ( 80),), sn fm sn fm hniastrmha hniastrmha qun lms nstmtkems
pmdknetns dae GNWK rnhudkhm msketaiítkdm hnspuës hn ue KI. Netrn las pmdknetns dae ue kegmrta hn ikadmrhka rndknetn y GNWK rnhudkhm, dmrvnhklal rnhuoa lm rniahnlmdkôe hnsmhmptmtkvm hnsmhmptmt kvm..8=) 8=) y rnhuddkôe hn lm iartmlkhmh ne daipmrmdkôe dae nl plm plmdn`a dn`a ((== ==).). Netrn las pmdknetns dae hksguedkôe skstôlkdm hnl WK msketaiítkdm ne nl nesmya hn prnvnedkôe TALWH (qun kedluyô ml 6: % dae kegmrta hn ikadmrhka prnvka) y nl nesmya TMWN (Turvkvml meh Wnetrkdulmr Nelmrbninet), las meílksks snduehmrkas iastrmrae qun lm mhikekstrmdkôe hn `laqunmharns `ntm mhniís hn KNDM rnhudém lm iartmlkhmh y lm faspktmlkzmdkôe (=0 (=0,,=4). >. Las nstuhkas hn Grmikebfmi fme hniastrmha ue muineta hnl 7: % ne nl rknsba hn iunrtn ne pmdknetns dae GNWK `mom msketaiítkdm ne daipmrmdkôe dae mqunllas dae GNWK eariml, y dmsk lm iktmh hn nstas pmdknetns pnrimendknrae lk`rns hn KD metns hn su hn su iunrtn iunrtn (0> (0>).). IMHKX-KK (nesmya KK hn kiplmetmdkôe hn hnsgk`rklmhar mutaiítkda iultkdëetrkda) iastrô uem rnhuddkôe hnl rknsba rnlmtkva hnl 4= % ne lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms ne pmdknetns dae kegmrta hn ikadmrhka dae GNWK ≮ 4: % qun rndk`knrae ue HMK pragklídtkda ne daipmrmdk daipmrmdkôe ôe dae nl trmtmikneta nstíehmr (=8 (=8).). Nstas fmllmzbas oustkgkdmrae lm miplkm
prnvknene nvnetas mhvnrsas hn DMH ne pmdknetns dae kegmrta hn ikadmrhka, TDM y dae mlta rknsba dmrhkavmsdulmr. Nstas nesmyas tmi`këe fme hniastrmha qun lm tnrmpkm dae nstmtkems rnhudn nl rknsba hn KD kedkhnetn kedkhnetn ( (>-; >-;).). ^e intmeílksks hn 7 NDM hn 5 ==:.::: pmdknetns dae TDM hniastrmrae qun nl trmtmikneta ketneskva dae nstmtkems rnhuoa lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD (> (>). ^e intmeílksks dalm`armtkva pastnrkar iís brmehn hn fmstm =2 NDM prkedkpmlns hn prnvnedkôe prkimrkm y snduehmrkm iastrô qun lms nstmtkems rnhuonrae lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhé mdm ( mdm ( 80 80).). Nstas hmtas rnspmlhme nl usa hn nstmtkems pmrm prnvnekr lm KD sketaiítkdm y las nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns ne pmdknetns dae KI a TDM mbuhas. 0. Has nesmyas kipartmetns daipmrmrae MP@ dae MDNk hnspuës hn ue KI. Nl nesmya WMLKMEX (Wmlsmrtme ( Wmlsmrtme ke Mdutn Iyadmrhkml
mhapdkôe hn HMK pmrm lm prnvnedkôe prkimrkm hn lm ITD ne nl netarea pastnrkar m ue KI dae GNWK rnhudkhm, kedlusa ne musnedkm hn séetaims hn KD. 7. Muequn sn fm hniastrmha qun las `laqunmharns `ntm inoarme las rnsultmhas ne pmdknetns dae KDGNP sketaiítkdm y ne pmdknetns nxkstne ne padas hmtas dae GNWK rnhudkhm hnspuës hn ue KI (== (==),), nxkst sa`rn nl usa hn `laqunmharns `ntm ne pmdknetns msketaiítkdas dae GNWK hnprkikhm ske metndnhnetns hn KI. Nxkstn nvkhnedkm qun rnspmlhm nl pmpnl hn las `ntm`laqunmetns pmrm prnvnekr lm rniahnlmdkôe mhvnrsm hnl WK ne pmdknetns msketaiítkdas dae hksguedkôe skstôlkdm hnl WK, kedlukhas mqunllas dae uem dmusm ea ksquëikdm.84 ksquëikdm. 84).). Mhniís, ne ue me ue meílksks ílksks past fad hnl nesmya hn prnvnedkôe TALWH, qun kedluyô mpraxkimhminetn nl 0: % hn las pmrtkdkpmetns dae KD hn dmusm ea ksquëikdm, las `ntm`laqunmetns
ngkdmdkm y snburkhmh hn smdu`ktrkla/vmlsmrtíe ne pmdknetns trms kegmrta mbuha hn ikadmrhka, dae GNWK #8: y/a daebnstkôe puliaemr, iís ue gmdtar kedrninetmhar hn rknsba mhkdkaeml, mhkdka eml, ne daipmrmdkôe dae rmikprkl. Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe Tn fm hniastrmha qun las MDNk kipkhne lm rniahnlmdkôe hnsmhmptmt hnsmhmptmtkvm kvm hnspuës hn ue kegmrta hn ikadmrhka mbuha ne pmdknetns dae GNWK rnhudkhm..47, rnhudkhm 47,42 42).). Ne Ne sa`rnvkvknetns hn kegmrta hn ikadmrhka mbuha dae hksguedkôe msketaiítkdm msketaiítkdm hnl WK (GNWK % -8:%), las NDM fme hniastrmha qun las KNDM rnhudne lm l m iartmlkhmh, lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y lm prabrnskôe m kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm brmvn ne daipmr daipmrmdkôe mdkôe dae nl plmdn`a (0 ( 0,8). Hn imenrm skiklmr, ne mqunllas kehkvkhuas dae hksguedkôe WK msketaiítkdm ne nl nesmya hn prnvnedkôe TALWH (Ttuhkns ag Lngt Wnetrkdulmr Tystalkd Hysguedtkae), qun kedluyô mpraxkimhminetn ue 0: % ske dmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm, nemlmprkl sn msadkô dae uem rnhuddkôe hn lm faspktmlkzmdkôe y iartmlkhmh par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne daipmrmdkôe dae nl plmdn`a. =,4).
Kegmrdtkae), qun kedluyô mpraxkimhminetn ml 0> % hn las pmdknetns dae hksguedkôe msketaiítkdm hnl WK, iastrô qun las `nengkdkas hn vmlsmrtíe sa`rn lm iartmlkhmh y atras rnsultmhas mhvnrsas dmrhkavmsdulmrns gunrae daipmrm`lns m las hnl 46).). Ne Ne nl nesmya AZXKIMML (Aptkiml Xrkml ke dmptaprkl (=: (=:,,46 Iyadmrhkml Kegmrdtkae wktf tfn Mebkatneske KK Metmbaekst Lasmrtme), lasmrtíe ea duiplkô las drktnrkas hn ea kegnrkarkhmh pmrm lm iartmlkhmh ne daipmrmdkôe dae dmptaprkl ((4; 4;).). Tn fm plmetnmha lm fk lm fkpôtnsks pôtnsks hn qun lm hasks iís `mom hn lasmrtíe (>: ib hkmrkas) ne nl nesmya AZXKIML punhn fm`nr daetrk`ukha m lm imyar hkgnrnedkm qun lms a`snrvmhms dae vmlsmrtíe ne WMLKMEX ( 8:). dminetn MP@ ne 8:). Ekebÿe nesmya dléekda fm nvmlumha nspndég kkdminetn pmdknetns dae GNWK rnhudkhm msketaiítkdm ne musnedkm hn KI prnvka. Muequn las MP@ sae mltnremtkvms pmrm pmdknetns dae mebkanhnim kehudkha par MDNk, sn rndaiknehm prndmudkôe parqun mlbueas pmdknetns tmi`këe fme hnsmrrallmha mebkanhnim dae MP@. Lm nvkhnedkm mdtuml rnspmlhm nl usa hn `laqunmharns `ntm pmrm inoarmr lm rniahnlmdkôe dmrhémdm mhvnrsm y las rnsultmhas ne
sn msadkmrae dae uem rnhuddkôe hnl rknsba hn iunrtn y hn iunrtn u faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD sketaiítkdm ne las pmdknetns mlnmtarkzmhas m nemlmprkl, ue fmllmzba qun ea sn a`snrvô ne nl brupa plmdn`a (=0 (=0).). Hmhas las `nengkdkas m lmrba plmza hn las `ntm`laqunm `ntm`laq unmetns etns pmrm rnhudkr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD ne pmdknetns dae KDGNr sketaiítkdm (88 (88),), sn rndaiknehm nl trmtmikneta dae `laqunmhar `laqunmharns ns `ntm pmrm prnvnekr lm KD sketaiítkdm ne pmdknetns dae GNWK rnhudkhm. 2. Lms tkmzalkhkenhkaems sn fme msadkmha dae rntnedkôe hn léqukhas y imyarns tmsms hn KD ne NDM hn pmdknetns dae hkm`ntns tkpa 0 qun nstm`me prnhaikemetninetn lk`rns hn KD sketaiítkdm ml kekdka hnl nstuhka (82-8; (82-8;).). Ne ue NDM iís pnquný pnqunýa a hn pmdknetns dae FGrNG sketaiítkdm iís brmvn, lm pkablktmzaem sn msadkô dae imyarns tmsms hn faspktmlkzmdkôe par FG ne daipmrmdkôe dae nl ln vns (E[FM (E[FM dlmsn K plmdn`a (>: (>:).). Ne pmdknetns dae séetaims iís lnvns m KK) pnra dae GNWK hnprkikhm (=> (=>),), lm raskblktmzaem sn msadkô dae iís nvnetas rnlmdkaem rnlmdkaemhas has dae léqukhas, kedlukha nl nipnarmikneta hnl nhnim y lm endnskhmh hn ue muineta hn las inhkdminetas pmrm lm KD (=> ( =>).). Hmha qun
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
XM@LM =:
n4>
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Atrms buéms hn prídtkdm dléekdm hn lm MDD/MFM pmrm pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne nstmhka @
Daeskhnrmdkôe
Pngnrnedkm
Las pmdknetns dae ue KI mbuha qun ea fme hnsmrrallmha séetaims hn KD trmtmhas ne
Hkrndtrkdns hn lm MDDG/MFM hn 0:=4 pmrm nl trmtmikneta hnl k egmrta hn ikadmrhka dae nlnvmdkôe hnl snbineta TX
(>=) >=)
hn mdunrha dae BHIX
Buém hn lm MFM/MDD hn 0:=8 pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn pmdknetns ske nlnvmdkôe hnl snbineta TX Téehrains daraemrkas mbuhas (>0 (>0))
Pnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe daraemrkm pmrm pmdknetns ske séetaims hn KD hn mdunrha dae BHIX
0:=> MDD / MFM / TDMK Mdtumlkzmdkôe negadmhm ne lm ketnrvnedkôe daraemrkm pnrdutíenm prkimrkm
pmrm pmdknetns dae kegmrta hn ikadmrhka dae nlnvmdkôe hnl TX? uem mdtumlkzmdkôe hn lm buém MDDG / MFM / TDMK hn 0:== pmrm lm ketnrvnedkôe daraemrkm pnrdutíenm y lm buém MDDG / MFM hn 0:=4 pmrm nl trmtmikneta hnl kegmrta hn ikadmrhka dae nlnvmdkôe hnl TX ( >4) (Nstm buém fm skha rnniplmzmhm par Lmwtae, 0:0= SS>8 >8Y.) Y.) 0:=8 MDD / MFM / MMXT / ZDEM / TDMK / TXT Mdtumlkzmdkôe negadmhm hn lm buém pmrm nl Hkmbeôstkda y imenoa hn pmdknetns dae dmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm nstm`ln (>> ( >>)) Hkrndtrkdns hn lm MDDG/MFM hn 0:== pmrm lm dkrubém hn keonrta hn hnrkvmdkôe hn lm mrtnrkm daraemrkm ((>7 >7)) (Nstm (Nstm Y.)) lm hkrndtrkz fm skha rnniplmzmhm par Lmwtae, 0:0= S>8 S >8Y.
Pnniplmza a rnpmrmdkôe hn vílvulms pmrm pmdknetns dae fniahkeíikdminetn skbekgkdmtkvm
nstneasks a rnburbktmdkôe vmlvulmr y ske séetaims hn KD hn mdunrha dae BHIX Zmdknetns dae dmrhkapmtéms daebëektms qun punhne muinetmr nl rknsba hn hnsmrralla hn KD
Buém MDD/MFM 0:0: pmrm nl imenoa hn pmdknetns dae darmzôe vmlvulmr Negnrinhmh Negnrinhm h ((>>2,>6 >6))
Hkrndtrkdns hn lm MFM/MDD hn 0:=6 pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn mhultas dae dmrhkapmtéms daebëektms >;)) Negnrinhmh((>; Negnrinhmh
MMXT kehkdm Msadkmdkôe Minrkdmem hn Dkrubém Xarídkdm3 MDD, Dalnbka Minrkdmea hn Dmrhkalabém3 MDDG, Guehmdkôe hnl Dalnbka Minrkdmea hn Dmrhkalabém3 MFM, Msadkmdkôe Minrkdmem hnl Darmzôe3 BHIX, tnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms3 KD, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 KI, kegmrta hn ikadmrhka3 ZDEM, Msadkmdkôe hn Negnrinrms Zrnvnetkvms Dmrhkavmsdulmrns3 TDMK, Tadknhmh hn Mebkabrmgém n Ketnrvnedkaens Dmrhkavmsdulmrns3 y TXT, Tadknhmh hn Dkruomeas Xarídkdas.
nvkhnedkm, lms tkmzalkhkenhkaems hn`ne nvktmrsn ne pmdknetns dae GNWK rnhudkhm. 6. Las `laqunmharns hn las dmemlns hn dmldka ea hkfkhrapkrkhéekdas, nl hkltkmzni y nl vnrmpmikla, sae hnprnsarns hnl ikadmrhka y bnenrmlinetn ea sn talnrme ne lm KD. Ne nstuhkas prnvkas hn pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm
87).). nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns imyarns hnspuës hn ue KI mbuha mbuha ( (87 Muequn ea sn pra`ô nspndégkdminetn ne pmdknetns msketaiítkdas dae GNWK `mom, las `laqunmharns hn las dmemlns hn dmldka ea hkfkhrapkrkhéekdas punhne snr hmýkeas ne nstm pa`lmdkôe hn`kha m sus ngndtas keatrôpkdas enbmtkvas.
a GNWK rnhudkhm hnspuës hn ue kegmrta hn ikadmrhka mbuha, nl hkltkmzni sn msadkô dae ue imyar rknsba hn k esugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. dmrhémdm.hkndksëks hkndksëks,,=2), =2), muequn muequn
2. NXMZM D FG
ne ue nstuhka iís pnqunýa hn pmdknetns dae ikadmrhkapmtém ea ksquëikdm, nl hkltkmzni ea tuva kipmdta ne lm iartmlkhmh (8> ( 8>).). Nl vnrmpmikla ea tuva
2.=. Ketnrvnedkaens ea gmrimdalôbkdms
kipmdta ne lm sup supnrvkvnedkm nrvkvnedkm a
2.=.=. Mpaya ml Mutadukhmha ne KD
Pndainehmdkaens hn Ketnrvnedkaens Ea Gmrimdalôbkdms? Mpaya ml Mutadukhmha ne lm KD Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
M
PNDAINEHMDKAENT =. Las pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn`ne rndk`kr mtnedkôe hn nqukpas iultkhksdkplkemrkas pmrm gmdklktmr lm kiplninetmdkôe hn BHIX, m`arhmr lms pask`lns `mrrnrms pmrm nl mutadukhmha, rnhudkr nl rknsba hn rnfaspktmlkzmdkôe pastnrkar par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y inoarmr lm supnrvkvnedkm (=-8 (=-8).).
=
@P
0m
@-EP
0m
@-EP
0. Las pmdknetns dae KD hn`ne rndk`kr nhudmdkôe y mpaya nspndégkdas pmrm gmdklktmr nl mutadukhmha hn lm KD hn garim iultkhksdkplkemr (0 (0,>-;). 4. Ne pmdknetns dae KD ns rmzaem`ln vmduemr daetrm negnrinhmhns rnspkrmtarkms pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh (=:-=7 (=:-=7).).
=2,,=6 =6),), mkslmikne mkslmikneta ta sadkml (=;-00 (=;-00),), grmbklkhmh grmbklkhmh (04 (04,,08 08),), y `mom `mom mlgm`ntkzmdkôe mlgm`ntkzmdkôe ne smluh 8. Ne mhultas dae KD, drk`mha hn hnprnskôe ((=2 (0> 0>,,07 07)) daia daia g mdtarns mdtarns hn rknsba pmrm nl iml mutadukhmha ns rmzaem`ln inoarmr nl imenoa.
n47
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Tkeapsks Hn`kha m lm daiplnokhmh hnl imenoa hn lm KD y lm daarhkemdkôe hn atras snrvkdkas sadkmlns y hn smluh rnqunrkhas, lm mtnedkôe hn lm KD ns khnmlinetn prapardkaemhm par nqukpas iultkhksdkplkemrkas (0 ( 02-4: 2-4:)) qun kedluyne dmrhkôlabas, negnrinrms y gmrimdëutkdas qun sn nspndkmlkzme ne KD, msé daia hkntkstms, iëhkdas hn smluh inetml, trm`momharns sadkmlns, iëhkdas hn mtnedkôe prkimrkm y nspndkmlkstms mutadukhmha a ne lm KD daiprnehn lm mhkdkaemlns (4=-44 (4=-44).). Nl mutadukhmh mhfnrnedkm ml trmtmikneta y lms daehudtms hn imetnekikneta hn lm smluh ((48 48,,4> 4>).). Las pmdknetns dae KD hn`ne mprnehnr m taimr las inhkdminetas snbÿe la prnsdrkta, rnstrkebkr lm kebnstm hn sahka, 42).). Xmi`këe hn`ne imetnenrsn géskdminetn mdtkvas y vmdue vmduemmrsn rsn (47 (47,,42 sm`nr dôia daetralmr las skbeas y séetaims hnl nipnarmikneta hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y quë fmdnr ne rnspunstm m las séetaims dumeha sn prnsnetne (47, 47,42). 42). Nl daeadkikneta par sé sala ns kesugkdknetn pmrm inoarmr nl inoarmr nl mutadukhmha ((46 46).). Las pmdknetns dae KD endnsktme tknipa y mpaya pmrm mhqukrkr fm`klkhmhns y supnrmr lms 42).). Lms inhkhms neuinrmhms `mrrnrms pmrm pmrm ue mutadukhmha ngkdmz ((42 daia rndainehmdkaens hn Dlmsn = pmrm pmdknetns ne nstmhkas M y @ sn rndaiknehme dumeha darrnspaehm pmrm pmdknetns ne nstmhka D. BHIX, daia daia sn iunstrm ne ne Gkburm Gkburm 77,, hn`n snr nl pklmr hn lm tnrmpkm gmrimdalôbkdm pmrm lm FGrNG. Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Ne ue intmeílksks hn 4: NDM, lms ketnrvnedkaens iultkhksdkplkemrkms iultkhksdkplkemrkms rnhuonrae nl kebrnsa faspktmlmrka y lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms (=). Ne ue intm intmeílksks snpmrmha hn 00 NDM, nl snbukikneta par ue nqukpa iultkhksdkplkemrka nspndkmlkzmha sn msadkô dae uem rnhuddkôe hn lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y faspktmlkzmdkaens par dumlquknr dmusm.0 dmusm.0). Ne ue in intmeílksks rndknetn hn 00 NDM, lms ketnrvnedkaens iultkhksdkplkemrkms iultkhksdkplkemrkms qun kedluynrae m ue gmrimdëutkda rnhuonrae lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD (4 (4). Ne uem rndknetn rnvkskôe rnvkskôe skstniítkdm Dadfrmen y intmeílksks hn 84 NDM, sn hniastrô qun tmeta nl imenoa hn dmsas (ns hndkr, nl imenoa mdtkva hn pmdknetns daiplnoas par pmrtn hn las mhikekstrmharns hn dmsas qun trm`mome ne skstnims hn mtnedkôe ketnbrmhm) daia lms ketnrvnedkaens iultkhksdkplkem iultkhksdkplkemrkms rkms (ns
hksikeukr nl drktnrka hn vmlarmdkôe dai`kemha hn iunrtn dmrhémdm u 8=).). Ne ue nesmya prmbiítkda rndknetn, ue faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD ( KD (8= prabrmim hn snrvkdkas hn mtnedkôe hn trmeskdkôe qun kedluém nhudmdkôe sa`rn nl mutadukhmha inoarô lm prnpmrmdkôe pmrm nl mltm, lm dmlkhmh hn lm trmeskdkôe y lm dmlkhmh hn vkhm, pnra ea inoarô skbekgkdmtkvminetnn las rnsultmhas dléekdas ne daipmrmdkôe dae lm skbekgkdmtkvminet mtne tnedkôe dkôe fm`ktuml.80 fm`ktuml.80).).
4. Ne iahnlas moustmhas par prapneskôe, lm vmduemdkôe daetrm lm keglunezm sn msadkô dae uem rnhuddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm ne lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms netrn las pmrtkdkpmetns ne ZMPMHKBI-FG (Daipmrmdkôe praspndtkvm hn MPEk dae MDNk pmrm hntnrikemr nl kipmdta ne lm iartmlkhmh y iar`klkhmh bla`ml ne kesugkdknedkm kesugkdkned km ddmrhémdm) mrhémdm) ((=8 =8).). Ne iahnlas moustmhas, lm vmduemdkôe daetrm lm keglunezm sn msadkô dae rnhuddkaens skbekgkdmtkvms ne lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms y lm iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr dmrhkavmsdulmr ( =0) ne = nstuhka hn rnbkstra y sn msadkô dae rnhuddkaens =0) skbekgkdmtkvms ne lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms y nl daipunsta hn iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms y faspktmlkzmdkaens dmrhkavmsdulmrns ne atra nstuhk nstuhka a hn dafartn brmehn (== (==).). Ne ue nstuhka hn snrkn hn dmsas mutadaetralmhas hn pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, lm vmduemdkôe daetrm lm keglunezm sn msadkô dae ue rknsba skbekgkdmtkvminetn inear hn faspktmlkzmdkôe dmrhkavmsdulmr, dmrhkavmsdulmr, rnspkrmtarkm rnspkrmtarkm y par dumlquknr dmusm.84 dmusm. 84).). Ne ue intmeílksks hn =7 nstuhkas hn pmdknetns dae NDW, lm vmduemdkôe daetrm lm keglunezm sn msadkô dae ue inear rknsba hn iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr par tahms lms dmusms y nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns mhvnrsas imyarns ne daip daipmrmdkôe dae las pmdknetns hn daetral.=> daetral.=>).). Ne nl Dmrhkavmsdulmr Fnmltf Ttuhy, lm vmduemdkôe metkenuiadôdkdm sn msadkô dae rnhuddkaens skbekgkdmtkvms ne lm KD kedkhnetn, lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms hkndksëks).). Las pmdknetns dmusms y lm iar iartmlkhmh tmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr. dmrhkavmsdulmr.hkndksëks dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm sae nspndkmlinetn susdnptk`lns m imlas rnsultmhas rnsultmhas ne ne nl nl daetnxta hn lm kegnddkôe par TMPT-DaW-0 ( 88-82 88-82)) y hn`n v hn`n vmduemrsn mduemrsn daetrm nl DAWKH-=; ((=: =:).). 8. Iudfas gmdtarns sadkmlns y hn smluh nstíe msadkmhas dae ue mutadukhmha hngkdkn hngkdkne etn hn lm hn lm KD ((47 47,,42) ((Xm`lm Xm`lm ==), ==), pnra tmi`këe sn
hndkr, ketnrvnedkaens y daiuekdmdkaens daarhkemhms hn mtnedkôe
fme rnlmdkaemha dae rnsultmhas dléekdas hngkdknetns y dmi`kme
iëhkdm iultkhksdkplkemrkm) pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms
guehminetmlinetn guehminetmline tn lm garim ne qun sn hn`n `rkehmr nhudmdkôe y
dmusms, nl rnkebrnsa par tahms lms dmusms y nl rnkebrnsa par KD (8 ( 8).
mpaya. Lm hnprnskôe ns ue gmdtar hn rknsba pmrm nl mutadukhmha rnfaspktmlkzmdkôe mdkôe ((=2 =2),), y iartmlkhmh par tahms lms hngkdknetn (8: (8:),), rnfaspktmlkz
0. Las intmeílksks hn NDM fme hniastrmha qun lms ketnrvnedkaens dnetrmhms ne
dmusms (=6 (=6)) netrn las pmdknetns dae KD. Tn fm kegarimha qun lms
inoarmr nl mutadukhmha hn lm KD rnhudne skbekgkdmtkvminetn nl rknsba hn
ketnrvnedkaens qun sn negadme ne inoarmr nl mutadukhmha hn lm KD sae
faspktmlkzmdkôe rnlmdkaemhm dae lm KD (0 ( 0,>-6 >-6),), faspktmlkzm faspktmlkzmddkôe par dumlquknr
ngndtkvms netrn pmdknetns dae hnprnskôe iahnrmhm/brmvn dae
dmusm (0 (0,6,;), y iartmlkhmh iartmlkhmh par tahms par tahms lms dmusms (7 ( 7,;), msé daia inoarmr inoarmr lm
rnhuddkaens ne nl rknsba hn faspktmlkzmdkôe y iartmlkhmh (> ( >). Las
dmlkhmh hn vkhm (> (>). Ketnrvnedkaens qu qun tknene daia a`ontkva inoarmr nl
nstuhkas ea mlnmtarkzm mlnmtarkzmhas has fme prapardkaemha nvkhnedkm hn ue véedula
daeadkikneta y lm fm`klkhmh hn mutadukhmha (0 (0,>,6), y mqunllas mqunllas qun sn
netrn nl mkslmikneta sadkml y lm iartmlkhmh ne pmdknetns dae KD.=; KD.=;,,0:). 0:).
dnetrme ne inoarmr lm mhfnrnedkm m lm inhkdmdkôe (; ( ;) a rngarzmr nl
Ne ue intmeílksks rndknetn hn 0; nstuhkas nstuh kas hn dafartns, lm grmbklkhmh sn
mutadukhmha utadukhmha dae mpaya tnlngôekda nstrudturmha ((77,2), sae ngndtkvas ne
msadkô dae ue imyar rknsba hn iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms y
pmdknetns dae dae KD. Nxkstn kednrtkhui`rn sa`rn sk lms k etnrvnedkaens
faspktmlkzmdkôe.04).). Xmi`këe sn fm hniastrmha qun lm grmbklkhmh faspktmlkzmdkôe.04
nhudmtkvms prapardkaemhms par lm smluh iôvkl inoarme nl mutadukhmha ne
mgndtm nl mutadukhm mutadukhmha ha netrn las pmdknetns medkmeas dae kesugkdknedkm
pmdknetns dae KD (4; (4;).). Ne ue ÿekda NDM ne nl qun pmrtkdkpmrae pmdknetns
dmrhémdm.08).). ^e intmeílksks rndknetn hn nstuhkas a`snrv dmrhémdm.08 a`snrvmdkaemlns mdkaemlns
rurmlnss da rurmln dae e kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, sn hniastrô qun uem ketnrvnedkôe
rnvnlô qun nl mkslmikneta sadkml ns daiÿe netrn las mhultas dae KD (ns
nhudmtkvm inoarm nl daeadkikneta y nl mutadukhmha (8: ( 8:)) pnra ea
hndkr, 42 %) y nstí msadkmha dae ue rknsba >> % imyar hn KD-
skbekgkdmtkvminetn
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
XM@LM ==
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
@mrrnrms patnedkmlns pmrm nl mutadukhmha ngkdmz hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm n ketnrvnedkaens hn nonipla
@mrrnrm patnedkml
Noniplas hn ketnrvnedkaens
Noniplas hn fnrrmiknetms hn hntnddkôe
@mrrnrms Iëhkdms Hntnrkara dabektkva (86-> (86->::)
Ikek-Dab Ikek-nxmine hnl nstmha inetml (IITN) Nvmlumdkôe dabektkvm hn Iaetrnml (IaDM)
Mskstnetn hn smluh Netrnbms hn daikhms m haikdklka bumrhnrém pmrm mhultas
Pngnrnedkm hn pskqukmtrém bnrkítrkdm Brupas hn mpaya pmrm nl dukhmha hn lm iniarkm
hnprnskôe (>= (>=,,>0)
Zskdatnrmpkm
Nsdmlm hn dmlkgkdmdkôe hn hnprnskôe hn Fmikltae (FMI-H) Kevnetmrka hn hnprnskôe hn @ndc-KK (@HK-KK) Dunstkaemrka hn smluh hnl pmdknetn-; (ZF]-;)
Xrmstareas par usa hn sustmedkms (>4 >4))
Kefk`kharns snlndtkvas hn lm rndmptmdkôe hn snrataekem Mpaya m dmrba hn negnrinrms
Xm`mda, mldafal, inhkdminetas rndntmhas y atras
Hnrkvmdkôe m snrvkdkas hn trm`moa sadkml y sadkas hn mpaya daiuektmrka Hnrkvmdkôe pmrm daesultm hn pskqukmtrém hn mhkddkaens
^sa hn sustmedkms (XMZT) grmbklkhmh (>8) >8)
Gneatkpa hn grmbklkhmh grktm
Pnfm`klktmdkôe dmrhkmdm Nvmlumdkôe hn eutrkdkaekstm hkntkstm rnbkstrmhm pmrm hnseutrkdkôe
Zuetumdkôe bla`ml hn taxkdkhmh gkemedknrm—
Pngnrnedkm hn ZfmriH pmrm rnvksmr lms nlnbk`klkhmhns hn mskstnedkm dae rndntms
@mrrnrms Tadkmlns
Dmrbm gkemedknrm hn lm KD trmtmiknetas (>> (>>))
Nvmlumdkôe guedkaeml hn lm tnrmpkm hn negnrinhmhns drôekdms (DATX-GMDKX) Fmi`rn Wktml Tkbe, 0 mrtédulas
kesnburkhmh mlkinetmrkm (>7, >7,>2 >2))
Hntnrikemr lm nlnbk`klkhmh pmrm lm Mskstnedkm Eutrkdkaeml Tuplninetmrkm
Zrabrmim (TEMZ)
Iôhula hn Nedunstm hn Tnburkhmh Mlkinetmrkm hn las Fabmrns hn NN. ^^., 7 étnis
Daendtmr m las pmdknetns dae sadkas hn lm daiuekhmh, daia hnspnesms hn mlkinetas/daikhm `medas Netrnbms hn daikhms m haikdklka
Nvmlumdkôe hn eutrkdkaekstm hkntkstm rnbkstrmha pmrm hnseutrkdkôe patnedkml Gmltm hn vkvknehm a vkvknehm
Pndarhmtarka dléekda hn hntnddkôe hn pnrsaems ske fabmr (FTDP)
Hnrkvmdkôe m las snrvkdkas ladmlns hn vkvknehm
kesnburkhmh ( (>6-7: kesnburkhmh >6-7:))
Daendtmr m las pmdknetns dae sadkas hn vkvknehm daiuektmrkm
Wkalnedkm hn pmrnom a medkmea 70)) m`usa (7= (7=,,70
Hnrkvmdkôe m snrvkdkas hn trm`moa sadkml y sadkas hn mpaya daiuektmrka
Fuikllmdkôe, Iknha, Wkalmdkôe, Zmtmhm (FMPC) Dunstkaemrka Zmetmllm hn Wkalnedkm hn Zmrnom (ZWT) Fnrrmiknetm hn hntnddkôe hn m`usa hn iuonrns (RMTX)
Haikeka lkiktmha hnl keblës a atrms `mrrnrms hnl khkaim (74 (74))
Zrnbuetn hn garim rutkemrkm ne quë khkaim fm`lm iís nl pmdknetn.
@mom mlgm`ntkzmdkôe ne smluh smluh (78 (78))
Nvmlumdkôe dartm hn mlgm`ntkzmdkôe ne smluh (TMFL)
dôiaha daevnrsmeha
khnmlinetn ne pnrsaem a, mltnremtkvminetn, m trmvës hn uem plmtmgarim hn vkhna Imtnrkmlns nhudmtkvas kiprnsas ne uem vmrknhmh hn khkaims mprapkmhas Mbnedkm pmrm lm Kevnstkbmdkôe y lm Dmlkhmh hn lm Mtnedkôe Iëhkdm (MFP]) Mlgm`ntkzmdkôe ne Tmluh
Nstkimdkôe rípkhm hn lm mlgm`ntkzmdkôe hn mhultas ne inhkdkem? garimta m`rnvkmha
(PNKEA-TG) Nxmine `rnvn hn mlgm`ntkzmdkôe ne smluh (@FLT), 4 étnis
Mkslmikneta sadkml a `mom sadkml
Kegarimdkôe hn inhkdkôe hn rnsultmhas kegarimhas par nl pmdknetn
Tkstnim (ZPAIKT) Mkslmikneta Tadkml Garimta Darta
snsnetm y dkeda mpaya ((snsnetm dkeda))
Lkiktmdkaens hn trmespartn
Ea fmy fnrrmiknetms vmlkhmhms hkspaek`lns mdtumlinetn.
Mddnsa m snrvkdkas hn ketnrprntmdkôe qun du`rne uem miplkm bmim hn khkaims,
Ckt hn fnrrmiknetms hn prndmudkaens uekvnrsmlns
Fnrrmiknetms hn nhudmdkôe nsdrktm prapardkaemhms m ue ekvnl hn lndturm hn snxta brmha a kegnrkar
Haduinetas nhudmtkvas brígkdas Hntnrikemr lm nlnbk`klkhmh pmrm las snrvkdkas hn mtnedkôe haikdklkmrkm Pnikskôe m ue brupa hn mpaya
Hnrkvmdkôe m snrvkdkas hn trm`moa sadkml.
Hntnrikemr lm nlnbk`klkhmh pmrm snbura a trmespartn nstmtml, a trmespartn pÿ`lkda m prndka rnhudkha Imxkikdn lms apartuekhmhns pmrm vksktms hn tnlnsmluh y iaektarna rniata FG kehkdm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm.
e nstuhkas ea mlnmtarkzmhas rnfaspktmlkzmdkôe rnlmdkaemhm (0= (0=)). NNe
(0>). 0>). Nl `moa ekvnl hn mlgm`ntkzmdkôe tmi`këe sn msadkm dae ue mutadukhmha hngkdknetn hn lm
tmi`këe sn fm hniastrmha qun nl mpaya sadkml hngkdknetn nstí
KD, ym qun lm imyarém hn lms ketnrvnedkaens hnpnehne tmeta hn lm mlgm`ntkzmdkôe daia hn lm
msadkmha dae ue inear mutadukhmha hn lm kesu k esugkdknedkm gkdknedkm dmrhémdm.00 dmrhémdm.00).).
mlgm`ntkzmdkôe / mrktiëtkdm ne smluh (07 (07).).
^e intmmeílksks rndknetn hn nstuhkas a`snrvmdkaemlns iastrô qun lm lm mlgm`ntkzmdkôe ne smluh kemhndumhm/imrbkeml ns daiÿe netrn mhultas dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm (ns hndkr, 08 %) y sn msadkm hn garim kehnpnehknetn dae nl rknsba hn iartmlkhmh y faspktmlkzmdkôe
2.=.0. Pnstrkddkôe hn sahka ne lm hkntm
Pndainehmdkôe pmrm lm rnstrkddkôe hn sahka ne lm hkntm DAP
LAN
0m
D-LH
PNDAINEHMDKÔE =. Zmrm las pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne ntmpm D, ns rmzaem`ln nvktmr lm kebnstm nxdnskvm hn sahka pmrm rnhudkr las séetaims daebnstkvas (=-7 (=-7).).
n42
n46
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Tkeapsks Lm rnstrkddkôe hn sahka ne lm hkntm ns ue trmtmikneta ea gmrimdalôbkda daiÿe pmrm las pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm sketaiítkdm dae daebnstkôe, pnra lms rndainehmdkaens nspndégkdms sn fme `msmha ne nvkhnedkm hn `mom dmlkhmh.2 dmlkhmh.2). Lms prn prnadupmdkaens sa`rn lm dmlkhmh hn las hmtas sa`rn las `nengkdkas a hmýas dléekdas hn lm rnstrkddkôe hn sahka ne pmdknetns dae KD kedluyne lm gmltm hn tnrmpkm gmrimdalôbkdm mdtuml, iunstrms pnqunýms ske sugkdknetn hkvnrskhmh rmdkml y ëtekdm, prnbuetms sa`rn nl ui`rml darrndta pmrm nl `nengkdka dléekda, kednrtkhui`rn sa`rn quë su`brupas sn `nengkdkme iís hn lm rnstrkddkôe hn sahka (2 (2,6), y snrkms huhms sa`rn lm vmlkhnz hn vm vmrkas kas NDM ne nstm írnm ((;-== ;-==).). Tke ni`mrba, fmy nesmyas pklata praintnharns hn rnstrkddk rnstrkddkôe ôe hn sahka ne pmdknetns dae KD (4 (4,>,7). Lm MFM mdtumlinetn rndaiknehm uem rnhuddkôe hn lm kebnstm hn sahka sahka m -=22), pnra lm suplninetmdkôe rutkemrkm hn fknrra arml (=6 (=6),), dléekdm (= (=>-= tkmikem (=; (=;),), zked (0: (0:),), vktmikem vktmikem H ((0= 0=),), a lms iultkvktmikems ea fme 00).). Lm hknt hkntmm HMTF nnss rkdm rkdm ne hniastrmha snr `nengkd `nengkdkasms kasms ((00 metkaxkhmetns etkaxkhmetns y patmska, punhn labrmr lm rnstrkddkôe hn sah sahka ka sske ke daipraintnr lm mhndumdkôe eutrkdkaeml dumeha sn mdaipmým hn msnsarmikneta hkntëtkda (> (>), y punhn nstmr msadkmha dae faspktmlkzmdkaens rnhudkhms par KD (04 ( 04).).
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe ^em ketnrvnedkôe netrnemhm par ue hkntkstm rnbkstrmha a uem negnrinrm dae rnstrkddkôe hn sahka hn 0 m 4 b / h inoarô lm dlmsn guedkaeml hn lm E[FM y nl nhnim hn lm pknrem ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG (= ( =). Ne ue nstuhka ea mlnmtarkzmha (5 0,> b/h vnrsus b/h
h), nl sahka hkntëtkda iís `moa sn msadkô dae uem pnar iartmlkhmh Ne NDM DM par tahms lms dmusms ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG (0 (0). Ne N pnqunýas, lm rnstrkddkôe mbrnskvm hn sahka (:,6 b/h) hurmetn lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD mbuhm hnsdaipnesmhm ea fm rnhudkha nl pnsa, lm daebnstkôe, nl usa hn hkurëtkdas, lm rnfaspktmlkzmdkôe a lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms ne pmdknetns dae KDGNP (08 (08)) a ne pmdknetns mdknetns dae FGpNG ((0> 0>).). ^e NDM pklata pklata rndknetn rndknetn E¼02) iastrô qun prapardkaemr m las pmdknetns daikhms dae =,> b/h hn sahka punhn rnhudkr nl sahka urkemrka y inoarmr inoa rmr lm dmlkhmh hn vkhm, pnra ea inoarmr las rnsultmhas dléekdas (4 (4). Atra NDM pklata pklata rndknetn rndknetn (E ¼46) hn =,> vnrsus 0,4 b/h hn sahka hka daia rnsultmha uem kebnstm hn sahka y uem inoarm ne las ekvnlns hn @EZ y lm dmlkhmh nesmya mya hn vkhm ne nl `rmza hn kebnstm hn sahka hn =,> b/h (> ( >)3 nl nes daiplnta hn`n daiplntmrsn ne 0:00. ^e tnrdnr NDM pklata (E¼77) hn daikhms m haikdklka hn =,> b/hém iastrmrae tnehnedkms gmvarm`lns pnra ea skbekgkdmtkvms fmdkm lm inoarm ino arm hnl nstmha las dléekda y lms tmsms hn rnkebrnsa (7 (7). Mhniís, las rnsultmhas hn la NDM fme hniastrmha qun lm rnhuddkôe hnl sahka ne lm hkntm ns hkgédkl hn labrmr ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, kedlusa dae daikhms prnpmrmhms.4 prnpmrmhms.4) a vksktms ha haikdklkmrkms (07 (07).). 2.=.4. Imenoa hn lm KD ne nstmhka D? mdtkvkhmh, prnsdrkpdkôe hn nonrdkdka y rnfm`klktmdkôe dmrhémdm
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm nl imenoa hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne ntmpm D? mdtkvkhmh, prnsdrkpdkôe hn nonrdkdka y rnfm`klktmdkôe dmrhémdm Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplninetas nlTuplninetas hn hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
M
=. Zmrm las pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm qun punhne pmrtkdkpmr, sn rndaiknehm nl netrnemikneta géskda (a lm mdtkvkhmh géskdm rnbulmr) pmrm inoarmr nl nstmha guedkaeml, nl rnehkikneta hnl nonrdkdka y lm DhW (=-; ( =-;).).
0m
@-EP
0. Ne pmdknetns dae KD, ue prabrmim hn rnfm`klktmdkôe dmrhémdm punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm inoarmr lm dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml, lm talnrmedkm ml nonrdkdka y lm dmlkhmh hn vkhm rnlmdkaemhm dae lm smluh (=,0,>,7,6).
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
Tkeapsks Nl netrnemikneta géskda ne pmdknetns dae KD ns snbura y tknen
Zrabrmim hn msnsarmikneta sa`rn mdtkvkhmh géskdm. Las pmdknetns dae KD ne BHIX ôptkia, qun sn nedunetrme ne uem daehkdkôe iëhkdm nstm`ln y
euinrasas `nengkdkas. Ne ue nesmya kipartmetn hn nonrdkdka n
punhne pmrtkdkpmr ne ue prabrmim hn nonrdkdkas, sae dmehkhmtas pmrm ue
kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, nl netrnemikneta géskda sn msadkô dae uem
prabrmim hn rnfm`klktmdkôe hn nonrdkdkas (=: (=:,,==). ==).
rnhuddkôe ne lm iartmlkhmh par NDW a lms faspktmlkzmdkaens ne nl brupa hn netrnemikneta géskda hnspuës hnl moustn par par g mdtarns mdtarns hn rknsba (= (=). Las
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe
intmeílksks iunstrme qun lm rnfm`klktmdkôe dmrhémdm inoarm lm dmpmdkhmh
=. Lm nvkhnedkm hn las NDM kehkdm qun nl netrnemikneta dae nonrdkdkas
guedkaeml, lm hurmdkôe hnl nonrdkdka y lm DhW rnlmdkaemhm dae lm smluh. ^e prabrmim hn rnfm`klktmdkôe dmrhémdm pmrm pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm
inoarm nl nstmha guedkaeml, nl rnehkikneta hnl nonrdkdka y lm DhW ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG n FGpNG. Ne FG-MDXKAE, nl nesmya mlnmtarkzmha iís brmehn dae netrnemikneta géskda ne pmdknetns dae KD (= (=), 044= pmdknetn pmdknetns dae GNWK ≮ 4> % (dlmsn KK y KKK hn lm E[FM) sn mlnmtarkzmrae pmrm rndk`kr mtnedkôe fm`ktuml
dmrhémdm bnenrmlinetn kedluyn uem nvmlumdkôe iëhkdm, nhudmdkôe sa`rn lm kipartmedkm hn lm mhfnrnedkm iëhkdm, rndainehmdkaens hkntëtkdms, hkntëtkdms, mpaya pskdasadkml y netrnemikneta géskda y
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
n4;
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
vnrsus netrnemikneta géskda supnrvksmha iís mtnedkôe fm`ktuml. Fu`a rnhuddkaens iahnstms ne lms tmsms hn iartmlkhmh y faspktmlkzmdkôe par tahms lms dmusms qun ea mldmezmrae skbekgkdmdkôe ne nl meílksks prkimrka pnra, hnspuës hn ue moustn prnnspndkgkdmha, sn msadkmrae dae rnhuddkaens ne lm iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr a lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. dmrhémdm .=). Tn fme rnmlkzmha iudfas NDM hn netrnemikneta géskda ne KD, pnra nl pahnr nstmhéstkda ;-=4). Las intmeílksks subknrne qun nl hn lm imyarém gun `moa (0-> (0->,,;-=4). netrnemikneta géskda sn msadkm dae uem inoarm ne lm dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml, lm hurmdkôe hnl nonrdkdka, lm dmlkhmh hn vkhm rnlmdkaemhm dae lm smluh y lm rnhuddkôe hn lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne pmdknetns dae KDGNr y FGpNG. FGpNG.0-7 0-7,,6,==, ==,=8, =8,=>). =>). Lm imyarém hn las nstuhkas nstuhkas yy intme intmeíílks lksks ks ea fme iastrmha dmi`kas skbekgkdmtkvas =0,,=8-00), =8-00), m nxdnpdkôe hn ne lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms (0 ( 0,=0 ueas padas padas q qu un ias iastrmrae trmrae ue `nengkdka ne lm iartmlkhmh dae ue snbukikneta iís pralaebmha (7 (7,2). Atras Atras `nengkdkas hnl netrnemikneta géskda kedluyne uem inoar guedkôe nehatnlkml, ue
^e prabrmim gariml hn rnfm`klktmdkôe dmrhémdm bnenrmlinetn kedluyn uem nvmlumdkôe iëhkdm, nhudmdkôe sa`rn lm kipartmedkm hn lm mhfnrnedkm iëhkdm, rndainehmdkaens hkntëtkdms, mpaya pskdasadkml y ue prabrmim hn netrnemikneta y msnsarmikneta sa`rn mdtkvkhmh géskdm. Lm rnfm`klktmdkôe dmrhémdm `msmhm ne nonrdkdkas sn fm msadkmha dae uem inoarm ne lm dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml, lm talnrmedkm ml nonrdkdka, lm tmsm hn faspktmlkzmdkôe bnenrml y nspndégkdm par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y uem inoar dmlkhmh hn vkhm.4 vkhm.4,8,7,2,==, ==,hkndksë hkndksëkks,=2). =2). Ne uem uem pa`lmdkôe pa`lmdkôe hkvnrsm hn pmdknetns imyarns qun gunrae faspktmlkzmhas par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm mbuhm hnsdaipnesmhm, uem ketnrvnedkôe hn rnfm`klktmdkôe tniprmem, hn trmeskdkôe, mhmptmhm y prabrnskvm qun kedluém iÿltkplns haikekas hn guedkôe géskdm (gunrzm, nquklk`rka, iavklkhmh y rnskstnedkm) kekdkmhm hurmetn a pada hnspuës hn lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par FG, y daetkeuô hnspuës hnl mltm, hka daia rnsultmha uem imyar inoarém ne lm guedkôe géskdm qun lm mtnedkôe fm`ktuml (; (;).
hnrrmin hn dmtndalmikems mtneumha, uem imyar nxtrmddkôe pnrkgërkdm hn axébnea y uem inoarm ne nl daesuia iíxkia hn axébnea (0-> ( 0->,,6, 2.0. Nstrmtnbkms hkurëtkdms y hnsdaebnstkaemetns ne pmdknetns dae KD
=:-=0,0=). =:-=0, 0=).
Pndainehmdkaens hn nstrmtnbkms hkurëtkdms y hnsdaebnstkaemetns ne pmdknetns dae KD Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
=
@-EP
=. Ne pmdknetns dae KD qun tknene rntnedkôe hn léqukhas, sn rndaiknehme hkurëtkdas pmrm mlkvkmr lm daebnstkôe, inoarmr las séetaims y prnvnekr nl nipnarmikneta hn lm KD (=-> ( =->).).
=
@-EP
0. Zmrm pmdknetns dae KD y séetaims daebnstkvas, lm mhkdkôe hn uem tkmzkhm (p. no., intalmzaem) ml trmtmikneta dae ue hkurëtkda hn msm hn`n rnsnrvmrsn pmrm pmdknetns qun ea rnspaehne m hasks iahnrmhms a mltms hn hkurëtkdas hn msm pmrm ikekikzmr lms meaimléms nlndtralétkdms (7 (7).
Tkeapsks
lm iartmlkhmh ns kedknrtm (=-> ( =->).). Daia Daia tmlns, las hkurëtkdas ea hn`ne
Lm `uintmekhm, gurasnikhm y tarmsnikhm kefk`ne lm rnm`sardkôe hn sahka a dlarura ne nl msm hn Fneln, iknetrms qun lm tkmzkhm y las hkurëtkdas skiklmrns m lms tkmzkhms mdtÿme ne nl tÿ`ula daetarenmha hkstml y las hkurëtkdas mfarrmharns hn patmska (p. no., hkurëtkdas hn msm hn msm sae nspkraealmdtaem) ne nl tÿ`ula dalndtar.2 dalndtar.2,6). Las hkurëtkdas las mbnetns hkurëtkdas prngnrkhas pmrm usmr ne lm imyarém hn las pmdknetns dae FG. Las hkurëtkdas tkmzéhkdas daia lm dlartmlkhaem a lm fkhradlaratkmzkhm sn punhne daeskhnrmr ne pmdknetns dae fkpnrtneskôe n KD y rntnedkôe lnvn hn léqukhas. Tn punhn mbrnbmr intalmzaem a dlaratkmzkhm m las hkurëtkdas hnl msm ne pmdknetns dae nhnim rngrmdtmrka qun ea rnspaehn m las hkurëtkdas hnl msm salas. Tn hn`ne prnsdrk`kr hkurëtkdas m pmdknetns qun prnsnetne nvkhnedkm hn daebnstkôe a rntnedkôe hn léqukhas. Ne dumlquknr pmdknetn dae metndnhnetns hn daebnstkôe, sn hn`ne daeskhnrmr las hkurëtkdas hn
usmrsn hn garim mkslmhm, skea skniprn dai`kemhas dae atras BHIX pmrm KD qun rnhudne lms faspktmlkzmdkaens y pralaebme lm supnrvkvnedkm. supnrvkvne dkm.Xm`lm Xm`lm =0 =0neuinrm neuinrm las hkurëtkdas armlns rndainehmhas pmrm su usa ne nl trmtmikneta hn lm KD drôekdm. Lm fkpaemtrnikm daiplkdm nl imenoa hn lm KD. Tk rnvnrtkr lms pask`lns dmusms y lm rnstrkddkôe hn mbum lk`rn ea inoarme lm l m fkpaemtrnikm, las metmbaekstms hn lm vmsaprnskem punhne snr ÿtklns ne nl trmtmikneta mbuha hn lm sa`rndmrbm hn valuine pmrm hksikeukr lm daebnstkôe y imetnenr nl sahka sërkda.
imetnekikneta pmrm nvktmr séetaims rndurrnetns. Nl a`ontkva hnl trmtmikneta dae nl usa hn hkurëtkdas ns nlkikemr lm nvkhnedkm dléekdm hn rntnedkôe hn léqukhas, utklkzmeha lm hasks has ks iís `mom pask`ln pmrm imetnenr lm nuvalnikm. Dae lm nxdnpdkôe hn las MPI, las ngndtas hn las hkurëtkdas sa`rn lm iar`klkhmh y
nonrdkdka (=-> (=->).). Las hmtas rndknetns rndknetns hnl hnl rnbkstra rnbkstra ea mlnmtarkzmha AZXKIK_N-FG (Zrabrmim arbmekzmha pmrm kekdkmr nl trmtmikneta hn
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Las nesmyas daetralmhas dae hkurëtkdas iastrmrae sus ngndtas pmrm muinetmr lm nxdrndkôe urkemrkm hn sahka, hksikeukr las skbeas géskdas hn rntnedkôe hn léqukhas y inoarmr las séetaims, lm DhW y lm talnrmedkm ml
smlvmineta ne pmdknetns faspktmlkzmhas dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm) rnvnlmrae uem rnhuddkôe hn lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms m las 4: héms y hn lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae
n8:
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Hkurëtkdas armlns hn usa daiÿe ne nl trmtmikneta hn lm daebnstkôe par KD drôekdm
XM@LM =0
Hasks hkmrkm kekdkml
Hrabm
Hasks iíxkim hkmrkm tatml
Hurmdkôe hn lm mddkôe
hkurëtkdas hn msm
`uintmekhm
:,>—=,: ib uem a has vndns
=: iklkbrmias
8—7 farms
gurasnikhm
0:—8: ib uem a has vndns
7:: iklkbrmias
7—6 farms
Xarsnikhm
=:—0: ib uem vnz
0:: iklkbrmias
=0—=7 farms
dlaratkmzkhm
0>:—>:: ib uem a has vndns
=::: iklkbrmias
7—=0 farms
dlartmlkhaem
=0,>—0> ib uem vnz
=:: iklkbrmias
08—20 farms
0:: iklkbrmias
7—=0 farms
hkurëtkdas tkmzéhkdas
fkhradlaratkmzkhm
0> ib uem a has vndns
kehmpmikhm
0,> ib uem vnz
> iklkbrmias
intalmzaem
0,> ib uem vnz
0: iklkbrmias
47 farms
=0—08 farms
FG kehkdm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm.
usa hn hkurëtkdas ne daipmrmdkôe dae ekebÿe usa hn hkurëtkdas hnspuës hnl mltm faspktmlmrkm p faspktmlmrkm par ar KD ((;;). Nl hkurëtkda hn msm iís utklkzmha pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lm KD ns lm gurasnikhm, pnra
(=4-=7 =4-=7)). Nl usa hn uem tkmzkhm a ue hkurëtkda skiklmr m lm tkmzkhm (p. no., intalmzaem) ne dai`kemdkôe dae ue hkurëtkda hnl msm kefk`n lm rnm`sardkôe daipnesmtarkm hn sahka ne nl tÿ`ula hkstml, la qun
mlbueas pmdknetns rnspaehne iís gmvarm`lninetn m atras mbnetns hn nstm dmtnbarém (p. no., `uintmekhm, tarsnikhm), pask`lninetn hn`kha m su imyar `kahkspaek`klkhmh arml.=:arml. =:- =0 =0). Ne Ne pmdknetns pmdknetns mi`ulmtarkas dae KD, lm tnrmpkm dae hkurëtkdas sn kekdkm daiÿeinetn dae hasks `moms, y lm hasks sn muinetm fmstm qun muinetm lm prahuddkôe hn arkem y hksikeuyn nl pnsa, bnenrmlinetn hn :,> m =,: cb par hém. Las pmdknetns punhne hnomr hn rnspaehnr m mltms hasks hn hkurëtkdas sk daesuine brmehns dmetkhmhns hn sahka ne lm hkntm, taime mbnetns qun punhne `laqunmr las ngndtas hn las hkurëtkdas (p. no., MKEN) a tknene ue hntnrkara skbekgkdmtkva hn lm guedkôe rneml a lm pnrguskôe. 0. Lm rnskstnedkm m las hkurëtkdas sn punhn supnrmr hn vmrkms imenrms, kedlukha nl muineta hn lm hasks hn hkurëtkda hn msm, lm
daehudn m uem emtrkurnsks muinetmhm. Tke ni`mrba, ne ue meílksks nipmrnomha par puetmon hn prapneskôe ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm faspktmlkzmhm, sn nedaetrô qun lm mhkdkôe hn intalmzaem m las hkurëtkdas hnl msm muinetm nl rknsba hn fkpapatmsnikm, fkpaemtrnikm, nipnarmikneta hn lm guedkôe rneml y iartmlkhmh, iknetrms qun nl usa hn hasks iís mltms hn hkurëtkdas hnl msm ea la gun. qun mgndtm enbmtkvminetn m lm supnrvkvnedkm (=2 (=2).). Muequn las hmtas mlnmtarkas qun daipmrme lms 0 nstrmtnbkms hkurëtkdms sae lkiktmhas, nl nesmya HATN (Nvmlumdkôe hn nstrmtnbkms hn aptkikzmdkôe hkurëtkdm) rnspmlhm nl =6).). usa hn hkurëtkdas hn msm ketrmvneasas ne hasks hasks mmltms ltms ((=6
mhikekstrmdkôe ketrmvneasm hn hkurëtkdas (`ala a keguskôe daetkeum) daetkeu m) ( (77), a dai`kemdkôe hn hkgnrnetns dlmsns hn hkurëtkdas
2.4. Xrmtmikneta gmrimdalôbkda*pmrm FGrNG 2.4.=. Kefk`kdkôe hnl skstnim rnekem-mebkatneskem dae MDNk a MP@ a MPEk
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm lm kefk`kdkôe hnl skstnim rnekem-mebkatneskem dae MDNk a MP@ a MPEk Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
M
=. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG y séetaims hn dlmsn KK m KKK hn lm E[FM, sn rndaiknehm nl usa hn MPEk pmrm rnhudkr lm iar`klkhmh y lm iartmlkhmh (=-> (=->).).
=
M
0. Ne pmdknetns dae séetaims prnvkas a mdtumlns hn KDGNP drôekdm, nl usa hn KNDM ns `nengkdkasa pmrm rnhudkr lm iar`kiartmlkhmh dumeha nl usa hn MPEk ea ns gmdtk`ln (7-=4 (7-=4).).
=
M
4. Ne pmdknetns dae séetaims prnvkas a mdtumlns hn KDGNP drôekdm qun sae ketalnrmetns m las KNDM par tas a mebkanhnim y dumeha nl usa hn MPEk ea ns gmdtk`ln, sn rndaiknehm nl usa hn MP@ pmrm rnhudkr lm iar`kiartmlkhmh (=8-=6 (=8-=6).).
Hndlmrmdkôe hn vmlar? vmlar mlta (M)
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
8. Ne pmdknetns dae séetaims prnvkas a mdtumlns hn FGrNG drôekdm, ne las qun nl MPEk ea ns gmdtk`ln, nl trmtmikneta dae ue KNDM a ue MPM KK prapardkaem ue mlta vmlar ndaeôikda (=;-0> ( =;-0>).).
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
n8=
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
(daetkeumha )
=
@P
Hndlmrmdkôe hn vmlar? vmlar mlta (M)
>. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG sketaiítkdm drôekdm E[FM dlmsn KK a KKK qun talnrme ue MDNk a MP@, sn rndaiknehm nl rnniplmza par ue MPEk pmrm rnhudkr mÿe iís lm iar`klkhmh y lm iartmlkhmh (=( =->>). 7. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG sketaiítkdm drôekdm, nl trmtmikneta dae ue MPEk ne lubmr hn ue MDNk prapardkaem ue mlta vmlar ndaeôikda (07-0; (07-0;).). 2. MPEk ea hn`n mhikekstrmrsn daedaiktmetninetn dae MDNk a hnetra hn lms 47 farms pastnrkarns m lm ÿltkim hasks hn ue MDNk (4: (4:,,4= 4=).).
4? Hmýa
@P
4? Hmýa
D-LH
4? Hmýa
D-LH
6. MPEk ea hn`n mhikekstrmrsn m pmdknetns dae metndnhnetns hn mebkanhnim (40-4> ( 40-4>).).
;. Las KNDM ea hn`ne mhikekstrmrsn m pmdknetns dae metndnhnetns hn mebkanhnim (47-4 ( 47-4;;).
* Wnr WnrTTnddkôe 2.0, 2.0, “Nstrmtnbkms “Nstrmtnbkms hn hkurëtkdas y hnsdaebnstkôe ne pmdknetns dae KD’, pmrm rndainehmdkaens sa`rn hkurëtkdas.
Tkeapsks Tn rndaiknehm lm kefk`kdkôe hnl skstnim rnekem-mebkatneskem pmrm rnhudkr lm iar`klkhmh y lm iartmlkhmh hn las pmdknetns dae FGrNG, y sn rndaiknehme MPEk, MDNk a MP@ daia tnrmpkm hn prkinrm pmdknetns tknene tknene FGrNG sketaiítkdm drôekdm dae léenm (=-=6 (=-=6).). Tk las pmdknetns séetaims hn dlmsn KK a KKK hn lm E[FM y talnrme ue MDNk a ue MP@, hn`ne dmi`kmrsn m ue MPEk hn`kha m lm inoarém ne lm iar`klkhmh y lm iartmlkhmh (=-> (=->).). Tn rndaiknehm ue MPEk daia trmtmikneta hn eava ne pmdknetn pmdknetnss faspktmlkzmhas dae KD mbuhm metns hnl mltm hn`kha m lm inoarm hnl nstmha hn smluh, lm rnhuddkôe hnl `kaimrdmhar praeôstkda EX-pra@EZ y lm inoarm hn las pmríintras hn rniahnlmha hnl WK ne daipmrmdkôe dae MDNk/MP@. Muequn las hmtas sae lkiktmhas, nl usa hn ue MPEk punhn snr ngkdmz daia trmtmikneta hn eava ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG drôekdm sketaiítkdm pmrm skiplkgkdmr nl imenoa. MP@ sn punhn utklkzmr daia uem mltnremtkvm m MDNk ne nl daetnxta hn tas ketalnrm`ln, a daia mltnremtkvms m MDNk y MPEk ne pmdknetns dae metndnhnetns hn mebkanhnim. Tk sn dmi`km m las pmdknetns hn ue MDNk m ue MPEk a vkdnvnrsm, hn`n fm`nr ml ineas 47
Nl usa hn ue MPEk sn msadkm iís su`brupas prnnspndkgkdmhas (= (=). Nl usa
farms netrn lms hasks hn MDNk y MPEk.
pmdknetns faspktmlkzmhas par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm mbuhm hnsdaipnesmhm hnsdaipnesm hm ske muinetmr lms tmsms hn nvnetas mhvnrsas
grndunetninetnn dae fkpatneskôe sketaiítkdm y uem kedkhnedkm grndunetninet daipmrm`ln hn mebkanhnim ne daipmrmdkôe dae nemlmprkl.= nemlmprkl. =). Tmdu`ktrkla-vmlsmrtíe Tmdu`ktrkla-vmlsmrt íe fm skha mpra` mpra`mmha pmrm pmdknetns dae KD sketaiítkdm. Las ngndtas hnl FG y las pask`lns ngndtas gunrm hnl a`ontkva punhne snr daiplnoas dae lm kefk`kdkôe hn lm nezkim enprklkskem, qun tknen iÿltkplns a`ontkvas `kalôbkdas. Las hmtas hnl nesmya fme kedlukha pmdknetns ske trmtmikneta prnvka dae kNDM/MP@ metns hnl kekdka hnl trmtmikneta dae MPEk (>4 % ne nl nesmya ZKAENNPFG SDaipmrmdkôe hn Tmdu`ktrkl-Wmlsmrtme vnrsus Nemlmprkl sa`rn nl ngndta sa`rn EX-pra@EZ ne pmdknetns nstm`klkzmhas m pmrtkr hn ue npksahka hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm mbuhmY y 08 % ne nl nesmya nl nesmya XPMETKXKAE SDaipmrmdkôe hnl kekdka prnvka y pastnrkar ml mltm hnl trmtmikneta dae smdu`ktrkla/vmlsmrtíe ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm daebnstkvm hnspuës hn ue nvneta hn hnsdaipnesmdkôe hnsdaipnesm dkôe mbuhmY) y fme hniastrmha uem ngkdmdkm y snburkhmh skiklmrns ne pmdknetns ske trmtmikneta prnv prnvka ka ((00,4). Nl nesmya ZKAENNP-FG iastrô qun MPEk rnhuoa las ekvnlns hn EX-pra@EZ ne
(nipnarmikneta hn lm guedkôe rneml, fkpnrpatmsnikm, fkpatneskôe
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe ^e MPEk nstí daipunsta par ue MP@ y ue kefk`khar hn lm enprklkskem, uem nezkim qun hnbrmhm las pëptkhas emtrkurëtkdas, lm `rmhkdkekem, lm mhrneainhulkem y atras pëptkhas vmsamdtkvas. Ne ZMPMHKBI-FG (Daipmrmdkôe praspndtkvm hn MPEk dae MDNk pmrm hntnrikemr nl kipmdta ne lm iartmlkhmh ia rtmlkhmh y iar`klkhmh bla`ml ne kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm), ue NDM qun daipmrô nl prkinr MPEk mpra`mha, smdu`ktrklvmlsmrtme, dae nemlmprkl ne pmdknetns sketaiítkdas dae FGrNG qun talnrm`me uem hasks mhndumhm hn MDNk a MP@, smdu`ktrkla-vmlsmrtíe rnhuoa skbekgkdmtkvminetn nl drktnrka hn vmlarmdkôe daipunsta hn iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr u faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD ne ue 0: % ne rnlmdkôe dae nemlmprkl (= (=). Nl `nengkdka sn a`snrvô ne uem inhkhm skiklmr pmrm lm iunr iunrtn y lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y gun daeskstnetn ne tahas las
sketaiítkdm, mebkanhnim) mebkanhnim) ne daipmrmdkôe dae nemlmprkl ((44). Las meílksks hn rnsultmhas mhkdkaemlns subkrknrae uem rnhuddkôe ne lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms y lm rnfaspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, pnra sala bnenrmrae fkpôtnsks daia puetas gkemlns hnl nstuhka nxplarmtarka. Ne nl nesmya m`knrta XPMETKXKAE, las pmdknetns dae FGrNG faspktmlkzmhas par nipnarmikneta hn lm FG sn mlnmtarkzmrae pmrm dainezmr dae MPEk metns a hnspuës hnl mltm (0 ( 0). Las rnsultmhas h rnsultmhas hnn snburkhmh gunrae skiklmrns pmrm mi`as `rmzas, la qun subknrn qun nl kekdka tniprmea punhn skiplkgkdmr nl imenoa (ne lubmr hn kekdkmr y muinetmr lm tktulmdkôe hn MDNk prkinra y lunba dmi`kmr m MPEk) (0 (0). MPEk hn`n kekdkmrsn hn eava ne ne pmdknetns faspktmlkzmhas dae FGrNG mbuhm metns hnl mltm ne musnedkm hn daetrmkehkdmdkaens. MPEk punhn kekdkmrsn hn eava ne pmdknetns dae daetrmkehkdmdkaens. FGrNG sketaiítkdm drôekdm pmrm skiplkgkdmr nl imenoa, muequn las hmtas sae lkiktmhas. NL ZMPMÉTA-IK
n80
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
(Zraspndtkvn MPEk vs MDN Kefk`ktar Xrkml ta HntnriKen Tupnrkarkty ke Pnhudkeb Fnmrt Gmklurn Nvnets Mgtnr IK) nesmya (8: (8:)) prapardkae prapard kaemrí mrí kegarimdkôe sa`rn sk smdu`ktrkla-vmlsmrtíe rnhudkrí skbekgkdmtkvminetn lm tmsm hn iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr, faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm a kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm mi`ulmtarkm qun rnquknrn trmtmikneta ne pmdknetns hnspuës hn ue KI mbuha, dae GNWK # 8:% y/a daebnstkôe puliaemr, y = hn 6 gmdtarns mhkdkaemlns qun muinetme nl rknsba gmdtarns daia GM, kegmrta hn ikadmrhka prnvka, hkm`ntns, ne daipmrmdkôe dae nl MDNk rmikprkl3 y sk lm snburkhmh y talnrm`klkhmh hn smdu`ktrklvmlsmrtme nrm daipmrm`ln m lm hn rmikprkl. Zar la tmeta, ne lm mdtumlkhmh, lm ngkdmdkm hn MPEk ne pmdknetns dae hksguedkôe hnl WK n KD ne nl pnréaha tniprmea pastnrkar ml KI skbun skneha kedknrtm. MDNk rnhudn lm iar`klkhmh y lm iartmlkhmh ne FGrNG. Las NDM nstm`lndne dlmrminetn las `nengkdkas hn lm kefk`kdkôe hn lm NDM ne pmdknetns dae séetaims lnvns, iahnrmhas a brmvns hn KD y ne pmdknetns dae a ske NMD (7-== ( 7-==).). Las hmtas subknrne qun qun e ea a fmy hkgnrnedkms netrn las KNDM hkspaek`lns ne sus ngndtas sa`rn las ne séetaims a lm supnrvkvnedkm (=0 (=0).). Las KNDM hn`ne kekdkmrsn ne hasks `moms y muinetmrsn fmstm lms hasks qun sn fmym hniastrmha qun rnhudne nl rknsba hn nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns ne las nesmyas dléekdas. MDNk punhn prahudkr mebkanhnim y hn`n mhikekstrmrsn dae prndmudkôe m pmdknetns dae da e prnskôe mrtnrkml skstëikdm `mom, kesugkdknedkm rneml a patmska sërkda nlnvmha (5 >,: iNq/L). Tk ea sn talnrme lms hasks iíxkims, sn hn`ne ketnetmr hasks ketnrinhkms3 lm rntkrmhm `rusdm hn lm kefk`kdkôe hn lm NDM punhn pravadmr ue hntnrkara dléekda y hn`n nvktmrsn. Muequn sn fm nedaetrmha qun nl usa hn ue MPEk ne lubmr hn ue MDNk M DNk pmrm FGrNG ns supnrkar, pmrm mqunllas pmdknetns pmrm quknens nl MPEk ns kemprapkmha, sn rndaiknehm nedmrndkhminetn nl usa daetkeumha hn ue MDNk pmrm tahms lms dlmsns hn FGrNG.
4. Tn fm hniastrmha qun las MP@ rnhudne lm iartmlkhmh y lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne pmdknetns dae KDGNP nne e NDM brmehns (=8-=7 ( =8-=7).). Nl trmtmikneta m lmrba plmza dae MP@ ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG prahudn ngndtas fniahkeíikdas, enurafariaemlns y dléekdas daeskstnetns dae las nspnrmhas hnspuës hn lm ketnrgnrnedkm dae nl skstnim rnekem-mebkatnes rnekem-mebkatneskkem em.. =2 =2,,=6 =6).). M hkgnrnedkm hn las MDNk, las MP@ ea kefk`ne lm dkekemsm y sn msadkme dae uem kedkhnedkm iudfa inear hn tas y mebkanhnim, muequn lm kefk`kdkôe hn lm dkekemsm d kekemsm par pmrtn hn las MDNk punhn prahudkr ngndtas vmsahklmtmharns `nengkdkasas. Las pmdknetns qun sae ketalnrmetns m las MDNk hn`kha m lm tas a ml mebkanhnim hn`ne dainezmr dae ue MP@. Las MP@ hn`ne kekdkmrsn ne hasks `moms y tktulmrsn fmdkm mrrk`m, dae ue ketneta hn usmr lms hasks qun sn fm hniastrmha qun rnhudne nl rknsba hn nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns ne las nesmyas dléekdas. Las MP@ hn`ne mhikekstrmrsn dae prndmudkôe m pmdknetns dae da e prnskôe mrtnrkml skstëikdm `mom, kesugkdknedkm rneml a patmska sërkda nlnvmha (5 >,: iNq/L). Muequn las MP@ sae mltnremtkvms pmrm pmdknetns dae mebkanhnim kehudkha par MDNk, sn rndaiknehm prndmudkôe parqun mlbueas pmdknetns tmi`këe fme hnsmrrallmha
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
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mebkanhnim dae MP@. Zmrm mqunllas pmdknetns pmrm quknens ue MDNk a MPEk ea ns mprapkmha, sn rndaiknehm nl usa hn ue MP@. 8. Wmrkas meílksks hn dasta-ngndtkvkhmh nedaetrmrae daeskstnetninetn qun lm tnrmpkm dae MDNk prapardkaem ue mlta vmlar pmrm las pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm drôekdm. ^e meílksks `msmha ne iahnlas, usmeha dastas bneërkdas hn MDNk, MD Nk, nedaetrô qun lm tnrmpkm hn MDNk nrm hn mlta vmlar (=; ( =;).). Las meílksks prnvkas tmi`këe nedaetrmrae qun lm tnrmpkm MDNk nrm hn mlta vm vmllar m pnsmr pnsmr hn hn las dastas prnvkminetn iís mltas hn MDNk ( =;,0= =;, 0=,,00 00,,08, 08,0> 0>).). Nsta kedluyn ue meílksks `msmha ne nesmyas hn TALWH (Ttuhkns ag Lngt Wnetrkdulmr Hysgu Hys guedtkae) edtkae) qun iahnlô las rnsultmhas m lmrba plmza (0= ( 0=).). Las meílksks prnvkas kedluynrae uem vmrknhmh hn nsdnemrkas dléekdas, kedlukhm kedlukhm lm lm hksguedkôe msketaiítkdm msketaiítk dm hnl WK ((08 08)) y hksguedkôe hnl WK hnspuës hn ue KI (0> (0> ), dae lm tnrmpkm MDNk `rkehmeha ue mlta vmlar ne dmhm uea. Fmy hmtas lkiktmhas sa`rn lm rnetm`klkhmh hn las MP@ hn 0 nesmyas dléekdas? ue meílksks hnetra hnl nesmya hn Wml-FnGX (Wmls (W mlsmrtme mrtme Fnmrt Gmklurn Xrkml) (04 (04)) y ue meílksks hnl nstuhka NLKXN 0:)) -mi`as subkrknrae qun (Nvmlumdkôe hn Lasmrt Lasmrtme me ne Medkmeas) ((0: lm tnrmpkm MP@ ns hn mlta vmlar. Nl mlta vmlar hn lm tnrmpkm MP@ tmi`këe nstí rnspmlhmha par su ngkdmdkm skiklmr s kiklmr m lm tnrmpkm MDNk y lm hkspaek`klkhmh bneërkdm hn `moa dasta pmrm mi`ms dlmsns hn inhkdminetas. >. Las pmdknetns dae FGrNG drôekdm nstm`ln qun talnrme KNDM y MP@ hn`ne dmi`kmrsn m MPEk. Ne pmdknetns dae KD hn lnvn m iahnrmhm qun puhknrae talnrmr uem hasks a`ontkva hn nemlmprkl (=: ib has vndns ml hém) y lunba ue MPEk (smdu`ktrkl-vmlsmrtíe3 0:: ib has vndns ml hém, dae nl daipaenetn MP@ nqukvmlnetn m vmlsmrtíe =7: ib ), lms faspktmlkzmdkaens y lm iartmlkhmh sn rnhuonrae skbekgkdmtkvminetn dae nl daipunsta vmlsmrtíesmdu`ktrkl ne daipmrmdkôe dae nemlmprkl (= (=). Atra NDM y intmeílksks iastrô uem inoarm ne las pmríin pmríintras hn rniahnlmha hnl WK dae MPEk ne daipmrmdkôe dae nemlmprkl (8 (8,>).
Iÿltkplns meílksks `msmhas ne iahnlas nvmlumrae nl vmlar ndaeôikda hn lm tnrmpkm dae MPEk ne daipmrmdkôe dae lm tnrmpkm dae MDNk utklkzmeha las rnsultmhas hn ZMPMHKBI-FG (07-0; (07-0;,,8=). ). Xrns meílksks hn mltm dmlkhmh (07 (07,,06, 06,0;) 0;) daeskstne daeskstnetninetn tninetn nedaetrmrae dastas par ]ML[ fkpnrtneskôe.4>)) y lunba lunba nne e nl brme nesmya qun iastrô nl `nengkdka dléekda hn lm tnrmpkm dae MPEk ne FGrNG (= (=). Lms tmsms hn mebkanhnim gunrae euiërkdminetn iís mltms ne pmdknetns trmtmhas dae MPEk qun ne pmdknetns trmtmhas dae MDNk ne ZMPMHKBI-FG, muequn nstm hkgnrnedkm ea mldmezô e skbekgkdmdkôe (= (=). Lm tnrmpkm dae MPEk ea hn`n mhikekstrmrsn nne pmdknetns dae metndnhnetns hn mebkanhnim hn`kha m lm prnadupmdkôe hn qun muinetn nl rknsba hn rndurrnedkm hnl mebkanhnim. ;. Tn drnn qun nl mebkanhnim mtrk`uk`ln m MDNk ns nl rnsultmha hn lm hnbrmhmdkôe hngndtuasm hn las pëptkhas vmsamdtkvas `rmhkdkekem, hns-Mrb;-@C (ue intm`alkta hn lm `rmhkdkekem) y lm sustmedkm Z (47 (47 ,42). 42). Las MDNk ea hn`ne hn`ne mhikekstrmrsn hikekstrmrsn m pmdknetns dae metndnhnetns hn mebkanhnim, pnra las MP@ ea ketnrgknrne tme hkrndtminetn dae nl intm`alksia hn lm `rmhkdkekem y sn fme 4;). msadkmha dae tmsms `moms hn mebkanhnim.46 mebkanhnim.46,,4;).
2.4.0. @laqunmharns `ntm
Pndainehmdkôe pmrm @ntm @laqunmharns
Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lm rndainehmdkôe sn rnsuine ne nlTuplninet nl Tuplninetas as hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
M
Hndlmrmdkôe hn vmlar? vmlar mlta (M)
PNDAINEHMDKÔE =. Ne pmdknetns dae KDGNP, dae séetaims mdtumlns a prnvkas, sn rndaiknehm nl usa hn = hn las 4 `laqunmharns `ntm qun sn fm hniastrmha qun rnhudne lm iartmlkhmh (p. no., `ksapralal, dmrvnhklal, suddkemta hn intapralal hn lk`nrmdkôe sastnekhm) pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh y lms faspktmlkzmdkaens (=-4 ( =-4).).
0. Ne pmdknetns dae KDGNP, dae séetaims mdtumlns a prnvkas, lm tnrmpkm dae `laqunmharns `ntm prapardkaem ue mlta vmlar ndaeôikda ndaeôi kda (8-6 (8-6).).
Tkeapsks Nl trmtmikneta dae `laqunmharns `ntm rnhudn nl rknsba hn iunrtn y nl rknsba dai`kemha hn iunrtn u faspktmlkzmdkôe ne pmdknetns dae KDGNP (=-4 (=-4).). Mhniís, nstn nstn trmtmikneta trmtmikneta punhn inoarmr lm GNWK, hksikeukr las séetaims hn KD y inoarmr nl nstmha dléekda (=-4 ( =-4,,;-== ;-==).). Las nesmyas dléekdas dléekdas f fmme hn hniastrmha iastrmha qun las `laqunmharns `ntm sn hn`ne prnsdrk`kr m tahas las pmdknetns dumeha sn hkmbeastkdm uem KDGNP, kedlusa ne nl faspktml, m ineas qun nstëe daetrmkehkdmhas a ;-==).). Nstas `nen `neng g kkdkas dkas hn las `laqunmharns `ntm ea sn talnrne (=-4 (=-4,,;-== sn a`snrvmrae ne pmdknetns dae a ske DMH, y ne pmdknetns dae a ske hkm`ntns, pmdknetns imyarns, msé daia ne iuonrns y ne tahas las =:-=0).). brupas rmdkmlns y ëtekdas, pnra ea ne pmdknetns dae GM (=-4 (=-4,,=:-=0 Kedlusa sk las séetaims ea inoarm ino arme e, sn h hn`n n`n imetnenr nl trmtmikneta m lmrba plmza pmrm rnhudkr nl rknsba hn nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns imyarns. Las `laqunmharns `ntm hn`ne kekdkmrsn ne hasks `moms, y sn hn`n fmdnr taha la pask`ln pmrm mldmezmr lms hasks a`ontkva hn las `laqunmharns `ntm qun fme hniastrmha snr ngkdmdns ne las prkedkpmlns nesmyas dléekdas, daia
talnrmha (=-4 (=-4,,;,=:) (vnr vnrTnddkôe Tnddkôe 2.4.6 2.4.6,, “Haskgkdmdkôe, “Haskgkdmdkôe, sndunedkmdkôe y vmlarmdkôe msdnehnetn hn BHIX’). Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe Tn fm hniastrmha qun trns `laqunmharns `ntm sae ngndtkvas pmrm rnhudkr nl rknsba hn iunrtn ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG? `ksapralal, intapralal hn lk`nrmdkôe sastnekhm (suddkemta) y dmrvnhklal (=-4 ( =-4).). Tke ni`mrba, las fmllm fmllmzbas zbas gmvarm`lns dae nstas 4 mbnetns ea hn`ne daeskhnrmrsn ue ngndta hn dlmsn hn las `ntm`laqunmetns ne lm KDGNP. Atras `laqunmharns `ntm ea nstíe kedlukhas ne nstm msketaiítkda, a rndainehmdkôe hn usa (=4-=> (=4-=>).). Kedlusa dumeha ns msketaiítkda, dumeha las séetaims sae lnvns a inoarme dae atrms tnrmpkms, lm tnrmpkm dae `ntm`laqunmetns ns kipartmetn y ea hn`n rntrmsmrsn fmstm qun las séetaims rnbrnsne a sn haduinetn lm prabrnskôe hn lm negnrinhmh (hkndksëks ( hkndksëks).). Las hmtas iunstrme qun las las `laqunmharns `ntm sn punhne kekdkmr hn imenrm snburm metns hnl mltm faspktmlmrkm, skniprn qun las pmdknetns nstëe dléekdminetn nstm`klkzmhas y ea rnquknrme keatrôpkdas ketrmvneasas.
n88
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
tnrmpkm pmrm KD (=2 (=2).). Tk Tk sn a`snrvm uem daetrmkehkdmdkôe a ketalnrmedkm, sn hn`ne haduinetmr y nl pmdknetn hn`n rnkekdkmr lm tnrmpkm dae `ntm`laqunmetns ne nl gutura, skniprn qun ea nxkstm uem daetrmkehkdmdkôe m`salutm. Kedlusa sk las séetaims a lm GNWK inoarme, sn hn`n imetnenr nl trmtmikneta m lmrba plmza dae `laqunmharns `ntm y nl usa hn hasks a`ontkva pmrm rnhudkr nl rknsba hn prabrnskôe hn lm hksguedkôe hnl WK a nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns imyarns.=6 imyarns.=6,,=; =;).). Lm suspneskôe `rusdm hnl hnl trmtmikneta dae `ntm`laqunmetns punhn pravadmr ue hntnrkara dléekda y hn`n nvktmrsn m ineas qun nstë kehkdmha (=6 (=6).). Iÿltkplns meílksks fme hniastrmha nl mlta vmlar hn lm tnrmpkm dae `ntm`laqunmetns netrn las pmdknetns dae KD. ^e iahnla `msmha
Nl meílksks, utklkzmeha las dastas hn las `ntm`laqunmetns bneërkdas, nedaetrô qun lm tnrmpkm dae `ntm`laqunmetns nrm hn hn m mlta lta vmlar ((88). Nstas rnsultmhas gunrae daeskstnetns dae las meílksks hn rnetm`klkhmh `msmhas ne iah iahnlas nlas met metnrkarns nrkarns ((>-2 >-2)) y ue y ue meílksks meílksks ndaeôikda `msmha ne nesmyas hnl Zrabrmim hn nesmyas hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae dmrvnhklal (DFG) hn NN. ^^. (6 ( 6). Dmhm u Dmhm uea ea hn nstas nstuhkas tmi`këe nedaetrô qun nl trmtmikneta dae ue `laqunmhar `ntm gun hn brme vmlar m pnsmr hn usmr dastas hn `laqunmharns `ntm metnrkarinetn metnrkarinetn iís mltas.
2.4.4. Metmbaekstms hn las rndnptarns hn ikenrmladartkdakhns (IPM)
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm las metmbaekstms hn las rndnptarns hn ikenrmladartkdakhns (IPM)
Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
M
Hndlmrmdkôe hn vmlar? vmlar mlta (M)
4? Hmýa
@-EP
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
=. Ne pmdknetns dae KDGNP y séetaims dlmsn KK m KW hn lm E[FM, sn rndaiknehm ue MPI (nspkraealmdtaem a nplnrneaem) pmrm rnhudkr lm iar`kiartmlkhmh, sk nl GBn ns 5 4: iL/ike/=,24 i 0y nl patmska sërkda ns ,: iNq/L. Tn hn`n rnmlkzmr ue daetral dukhmhasa hnl patmska, lm guedkôe rneml y lm haskgkdmdkôe hn hkurëtkdas ml kekdka y, m pmrtkr hn netaedns, daetralmr hn dnrdm pmrm ikekikzmr nl rknsba hn fkpnrpatmsnikm n kesugkdknedkm rneml. rneml.=-4 =-4).). 0. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG y séetaims hn dlmsn KK m KW hn lm E[FM, lm tnrmpkm dae MPI prapardkaem ue mlta vmlar ndaeôikda ( 8-2 -2).). 4. Ne pmdknetns qun taime IPM duya patmska sërkda ea sn punhn imetnenr ne ,> iNq/L, sn hn`n suspnehnr lm IPM pmrm nvktmr uem fkpnrpatmsnikm patnedkmlinetn iartml (6 ( 6,;).
Tkeapsks Las IPM (tmi`këe daeadkhas daia metmbaekstms hn lm mlhastnraem a metkikenrmladartkdakhns) iunstrme inoarms daestmetns ne lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms, lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dmrhémdm yy lm lm ITD ne uem miplkm
hn IPM ne taha nl nspndtra hn FGrNG, kedlukhm uem miplkm bmim hn ntkalabéms y brmvnhmhns hn lm negnrinhmh. Lm kekdkmdkôe kekdkmdk ôe ne nl íi`kta mi`ulmtarka u faspktmlmrka ns mhndumhm (=0 ( =0).). Lm hasks kekdkml ekdkml hn nspkraealmdtaem y nplnrneaem ns hn 0> ib par vém arml ml hém, qun sn muinetm m >: ib ml hém par vém arml hnspuës hn ue
bmim hn pmdknetns dae KDGNP (=-4 (=-4).). Las pmdknetns dae rknsba hn hksguedkôe rneml a fkpnrpatmsnikm rnquknrne uem nstrndfm vkbklmedkm, y nBGP # 4: iL/ike/=,24 i 0a patmska sërkda $ >,: iNq/L sae =:,,==). ==). Hn`kha m lm imyar daetrmkehkdmdkaens daetrmkehkdmd kaens pmrm nl kekdka hn MPI ((=: snlndtkvkhmh hn lm nplnrneaem par nl rndnptar hn mlhastnraem, las ngndtas mhvnrsas daia bkendaimstkm y smebrmha vmbkeml sn a`snrvme dae ineas grndunedkm ne pmdknetns qun taime nplnrneaem qun ne mqunllms qun taime nspkraealmdtaem.
=. Nesmyas dléekdas rnmlkzmhas ne IPM ouetas? PMLNT (nstuhka hn mlnmtarkzmrae pmdknetns nvmlumdkôe mlnmtarka hn Mlhmdtaen) (= ( =) mlnmtarkzmr mltminetn sketaiítkdas dae GNWK # 4>%3 NZFN-T^T (Nstuhka hn ngkdmdkm y supnrvkvnedkm hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm d mrhémdm n kegmrta mbuha
ins3 pmrm nBGP 4= m 8; iL/ike/=,24 i 0, lm haskgkdmdkôe hn`n rnhudkrsn m lm iktmh. Tn hn`ne rnmlkzmr daetralns rnbulmrns hn las ekvnlns hn patmska sërkda y lm guedkôe rneml hn mdunrha dae nl nstmha dléekda, mpraxkimhminetn = snimem, lunba 8 snimems, lunba dmhm 7 insns hnspuës hn kekdkmr a ketneskgkdmr lm MPI, dae prun`ms iís grndunetns hn kenstm`klkhmh dléekdm. Hndkhkias nlkikemr lm rndainehmdkôe hn 0:=4 "Tn rndaiknehme las metmbaekstms hn las rndnptarns hn mlhastnraem pmrm rnhudkr lm iar`klkhmh y lm iartmlkhmh hnspuës hn ue kegmrta hn ikadmrhka mbuha ne pmdknetns qun tknene uem GNWK hnl 8: % a ineas qun hnsmrrallme séetaims hn KD a qun tknene metndnhnetns hn hkm`ntns inllktus, m ineas qun nstëe daetrmkehkdmhas" parqun lm eunvm rndainehmdkôe du`rn nl nspndtra hn pmdknetns sketaiítkdas dae KD.
hn ikadmrhka past nplnrneaem) (0 (0) pmdknetns mlnmtarkz mlnmtarkzmhas mhas pastKI dae GNWK # 8:%3 y NIZFMTKT-FG (nplnrneaem ne faspktmlkzmdkôe hn pmdknetns lnvns y nstuhka hn supnrvkvnedkm ne kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm) (4 (4) pmdknetns mlnm mlnmtarkzmhas dae séetaims lnvns y GNWK # 4:%? subknrn ue `nengkdka
0. Nl vmlar ndaeôikda hn lm tnrmpkm dae MPI gun nvmlumha par mi`as NDM (PMLNT S> S>Y y NGNTA S NGNTA S77,2Y) y ue meílksks `msmh `msmha a ne iahnlas ((88). Nl meílksks `msmha ne i ne iahnlas ahnlas utklkzô dastas bneërkdas hn IPM y nedaetrô qun lm tnrmpkm nrm hn mlta vmlar dae ue dasta par ]ML[ hn ineas hn $ =::: (8 ( 8). Nl metnrkar
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Las meílksks ndaeôikdas ndaeôikdas `msmhas ne nesmyas hn IPM h hnn PMLNT y NZFNT^T tmi`këe nedaetrmrae qun lm tnrmpkm hn IPM nrm hn mlta vmlar m pnsmr hn usmr dastas hn IPM prnvkminetn iís mltas mltas (>-2). >-2). 4. Lm nspkraealmdtaem y lm nplnrneaem sn nxdrntme pmrdkmlinetn m trmvës hn las rkýaens, la qun plmetnm prnadupmdkaens sa`rn lm snburkhmh dumeha lm XGBn ns hn # 4: il/ike/=,24 i0(=:, =:,== ==).). Lm nspkrae nspkraealmdtaem almdtaem y lm nplnrneaem hksikeuyne lm nxdrndkôe rneml hn patmska, la qun muinetm nl rknsba hn fkpnrpatmsnikm, pmrtkdulmrine pmrtkdulmrinetn tn dumeha lm MPI sn kekdkm m ekvnlns hn patmska sërkda hn $ >,: iNq/L y sn daetkeÿm m $ >,> iNq/L. Lm kedkhnedkm hn nvnetas hn fkpnrpatmsnikm dléekdminetn skbekgkdmtkvas gun kedknrtm.=>,,hkndksëks hkndksëks)) y sn m`arhm m`arhm ne 2.4.7,, “Xrmtmikneta hn hn atrms hrabms’. Tnddkôe 2.4.7
rnsultmhas ineas gmvarm`lns hnl usa hn MPI pmrm lm FGrNG hurmetn lm damhikekstrmdkôe kôe hn IPM dae MDNk a MP@ mtnedkôe fm`ktuml (6 (6,;). Lm damhikekstrmd 2.4.8. Kefk`kharns hnl datrmespartmhar hn bludasm y sahka 0
muinetm lnvninetn nl rknsba hn
Pndainehmdkôe pmrm TBLX0k Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lm rndainehmdkôe sn rnsuine ne nlTuplninet nl Tuplninetas as hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
M
Hndlmrmdkôe hn vmlar? Ketnrinhka Wmlar (M)
PNDAINEHMDKÔE
=. Ne pmdknetns dae KDGNP drôekdm sketaiítkdm, sn rndaiknehm TBLX0k pmrm rnhudkr lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD y lm iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr, kehnpnehknetninetn hn lm prnsnedkm hn hkm`ntns tkpa 0 (=,0). 0. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG drôekdm sketaiítkdm, lm tnrmpkm TBLX0k prapardkaem ue vmlar ndaeôikda ketnrinhka (4 ( 4,8).
Tkeapsks Wmrkas NDM ne pmdknetns dae hkm`ntns tkpa 0 y NDW nstm`lndkhm a mlta rknsba hn NDW fme hniastrmha qun TBLX0k prnvknen lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne daipmrmdkôe dae nl plmdn`a..>-2 plmdn`a >-2).). Tn a`snrvô uem rnhuddkôe bnenrml hnl 4= % ne lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm kehnpnehknetninetn hn lm prnsnedkm a musnedkm hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm prnnxkstnetn, muequn sala netrn nl =: % y nl =8 % hn las pmrtkdkpmetns tneéme kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ml kekdka hnl nst nstuhka. Nl `nengkdka pmrndn kehnpnehknetn hn las ngndtas fkpabludnikmetns (6 (6). Zar la tmeta, sn kekdkmrae vmrkas nesmyas pmrm nxmikemr lm ngkdmdkm hn TBLX0k ne las rnsultmhas hn pmdknetns dae KD, kehnpnehknetninetn hn lm prnsnedkm hn hkm`ntns tkpa 0. Nl nesmya HMZM-FG (Hmpmblkglazke meh Zrnvnetkae ag Mhvnrsn Autdains ke Fnmrt Gmklurn) y NIZNPAP-Pnhudnh (NIZmblkglazke autdaiN tPkml kepmtknets wktf dfrAekd fnmrtPt Gmklurn Rktf Pnhudnh Nondtkae Grmdtkae) iastrmrae nl `nengkdka hn las rnsultmhas hn TBLX0k (hmpmblkglazke plmdn y nipmb) (inhkmem hn pmdkn knetns etns kesdrktas tneéme snbukikneta -up, =7—=6 insns) (= ( =,0). Las pm FGrNG drôekdm sketaiítkdm (LWNG # 8:%, E[FM dlmsn KK m KW y pëptkhas emtrkurëtkdas nlnvmhas) y ym nstm`me ne BHIX. Lms nxdluskaens kipartmetns gunrae nBGP
n87
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Lm satmblkglazkem, ue kefk`khar huml hn las datrmespartmharns hn sahkabludasm = y 0, rnhuoa nl drktnrka hn vmlarmdkôe dai`kemha hn iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr, faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm a vksktms urbnetns par kesugkdk kesugkdknedkm nedkm dmrhémdm ne ue 44 % (=: (=:)) pnra ea fm skha mpra`mha par lm Mhikekstrmdkôe hn Hrabms y Mlkinetas hn las NN. ^^. (GHM) m pmrtkr hn 0:0=. Muequn TBLX0k muinetô nl rknsba hn kegnddkaens bnektmlns, par la hniís gunrae `kne talnrmhas ne las nesmyas. M inhkhm qun nl usa hn TBLX0k sn trmslmhm m lm prídtkdm dléekdm, sn oustkgkdm lm prndmudkôe pmrm lm dntamdkhasks nubludëikdm, lms kegnddkaens bnektmlns y hn tnokhas `lmehas y nl moustn hn las hkurëtkdas, sk ns endnsmrka, pmrm nvktmr lm hnplndkôe hn valuine (== (==).).
0. Has meílksks meílksks `msmhas ne iahnlas nvmlumrae nl vmlar ndaeôikda hnl trmtmikneta dae hmpmblkglazkem ne daipmrmdkôe dae lm mtnedkôe fm`ktuml snbÿe las rnsultmhas hnl nesmya HMZM-FG ( HMZM-FG (44,8). Mi`as meílksks nedaetrmrae dastas par ]ML[ netrn $ 7:.::: y $ ;:.:::, la duml ns daeskstnetn dae ekvnlns ketnrinhkas.
vmlar hn mdunrha dae las puetas hn rngnrnedkm mhaptmhas pmrm lm hkrndtrkz mdtuml. Las rnsultmhas gunrae iís snesk`lns m lm imbektuh hn lm rnhuddkôe hn lm iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr, dae uem rnhuddkôe hn $ 6 % ne lm iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr endnsmrkm pmrm ue dasta par ]ML[ kegnrkar m $ =>: ::: ne = nstuhka (4 (4). Ne lm mdtumlkhmh, sn a`snrvm uem miplkm vmrknhmh hn dastas dae hmpmblkglazkem. Nstas 0 meílksks nstkimrae ue dasta par ]ML[ par hn`moa hn $ >: ::: dae dastas meumlns hn hmpmblkglazkem hn $ 408: (84 % hn rnhuddkôe hnl meílksks prkedkpml) y $ 0>:: (8: % hn rnhuddkôe hnl meílksks prkedkpml), prkedkpml) , rnspndtkvminetn (4 (4,8). ^em rnhuddkôe inear ne nl dasta hnl gírimda daehudkrém m ue dasta par ]ML[ hn ineas hn $ 7: :::, nl ui`rml hn mlta vmlar ne nstm buém.
2.4.>. Fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
M
Hndlmrmdkôe hn vmlar? vmlar mlta (@-EP)
0`
D-LH
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
mgraminrkdmeas eas dae FGrNG hn dlmsn KKK-KW hn lm E[FM qun rndk`ne ue trmtmikneta Zmrm las pmdknetns mutakhnetkgkdmhas daia mgraminrkdm iëhkda ôptkia, sn rndaiknehm lm dai`kemdkôe hn fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm pmrm inoarmr las séetaims y rnhudkr lm iar`klkhmh y lm iartmlkhmh (= (=,0). 0. Zmrm las pmdknetns mutakhnetkgkdmhas daia mgraminrkdmeas dae FGrNG hn dlmsn KKK m KW hn lm E[FM qun rndk`ne tnrmpkm iëhkdm ôptkim dae MDNk a MP@, `laqunmharns `ntm y MPI, lm dai`kemdkôe hn fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm prapardkaem ue mlta vmlar ndaeôikda (4 ( 4).
4. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG sketaiítkdm mdtuml a prnvkm qun ea punhne rndk`kr mbnetns hn prkinrm léenm, daia MPEk, MDNk a MP@, hn`kha m ketalnrmedkm ml gírimda a kesugkdknedkm rneml, sn pahrém daeskhnrmr uem dai`kemdkôe hn fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm pmrm rnhudkr lm iar`klkhmh y iartmlkhmh (8 (8,>).
Tkeapsks
hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm dae MPEk. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG qun ea
Has NDM, W-FnGX K (Nesmya hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm vmsahklmtmharm) y M-FnGX (Nesmya hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm mgraminrkdmem), nstm`lndknrae nl
punhne rndk`kr mbnetns hn prkinrm léenm daia MPEk, MDNk a MP@, lm hnrkvmdkôe m ue nspndkmlkstm ne FG punhn `rkehmr arknetmdkôe pmrm ue imenoa pastnrkar parqun nl usa hn fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm ne nstas pmdknetns ns kedknrta.
`nengkdka hn lm dai`kemdkôe hn hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm hn fkhrmlmzkem ne mgraminrkdmeas mutakhnetkgkdmhas (0 (0,8). M-FnGX sn tnrikeô tniprmea hn`k n`kha ha m lm nvkhnedkm hn ue `nengkdka eatm`ln, pnra nl rnsultmha ns vulenrm`ln m uem pnquným dmetkhmh hn nvnetas y m lms nxkbnedkms hn lm ketnrrupdkôe tniprmem hn las NDM (0 (0). Nl `nengkdka ne mi`as nesmyas sn a`snrvô s a`snrvô sala ala ne lms hasks mldmezmhms ne mqunllas nesmyas qun sae iís mltms qun lms hasks tépkdminetn utklkzmhms ne lm prídtkdm dléekdm y dae lm lm tnrmpkm hn ektrmta hn mddkôe dartm (0 ( 0,8). Lm mdnptmdkôe hn nstn rëbkine fm skha iahnst iahnstm d daia aia rnsultmha hn lm daiplnokhmh hnl rëbkine iëhkda y lm vmrknhmh hn ngndtas mhvnrsas rnlmdkaemhas dae nl gírimda (> (>). Kedlusa dumeha sn prnsdrk`ne, nxkstn uem imrdmhm kegrmutkl kegrmu tklkzmdkôe kzmdkôe `msmhm ne tmsms hn rnsurtkha hn rndntms iuy `moms. Lm tnrmpkm iëhkdm `msmhm ne lm rmzm tmi`këe skbun skneha ue pra`lnim hnsmgkmetn, dae kevnstkbmdkaens ne dursa qun mfarm sn dnetrme ne fkpôtnsks `kalôbkdms, pmrtkdulmrinetn lm musnedkm hn msdnehnedkm nurapnm, qun punhn nstmr msadkmhm dae lm dmpmdkhmh hn rnspunstm m nstm dai`kemdkôe. Ea fmy hmtas sugkdknetns pmrm bukmr nl usa hn fkhrmlmzkem-
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Ne ue nesmya m brme nsdmlm qun daipmrô lm dai`kemdkôe hn vmsahklmtmharns dae plmdn`a, nl usa hn fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm rnhuoa lm iartmlkhmh ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm trmtmhas dae hkbaxkem y hkurëtkdas, pnra ea dae ue KNDM a ue `laqunmhar `ntm ( `ntm (88). Tke ni`mrba, ne atras 0 nesmyas qun daipmrmrae lm dai`kemdkôe hn vmsahklmtmharns dae ue MDNk, nl MDNk prahuoa ngndtas iís gmvarm`lns sa`rn lm supnrvkvnedkm (7 (7,2). ^e meílksks meílksks rntraspndtkva past fad hn nstas nesmyas dae vmsahklmtmharns iastrô uem ngkdmdkm pmrtkdulmr hnl hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm y lm fkhrmlmzkem ne lm dafartn mgraminrkdmem ( =). Ne ue nesmya pa pastnrkar, qun sn lkiktô m pmdknetns mutakhnetkgkdmhas daia mgraminrkdmeas, lm mhkdkôe hn uem dai`kemdkôe hn hasks gkom hn fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm m lm tnrmpkm nstíehmr dae ue MDNk a
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
GKB^PM 7Xrmtmikneta hn las nstmhkas D y H hn lm KDGNr
Las dalarns darrnspaehne m DAP neXm`lm neXm`lm 0.T 0.Tnn iunstrme rndainehmdkaens hn trmtmikneta pmrm pmdknetns dae FGrNG. Las inhkdminetas hnl Zmsa = sn punhne kekdkmr skiultíenminetn ne lms hasks kekdkmlns (`moms) rndainehmhms pmrm lm KDGNP. Mltnremtkvminetn, nstas inhkdminetas punhne kekdkmrsn sndunedkmlinetn, dae uem sndunedkm bukmhm par gmdtarns dléekdas a hn atra tkpa, ske endnskhmh hn mldmezmr lm haskgkdmdkôe a`ontkva metns hn kekdkmr nl skbuknetn inhkdmineta. Lms hasks hn inhkdmdkôe hn`ne muinetmrsn fmstm nl a`ontkva snbÿe lm talnrmedkm. MDNk kehkdm kefk`khar hn lm nezkim daevnrtkharm hn mebkatneskem3 MP@, `laqunmhar hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem3 MPEk, kefk`khar hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem-enprklkskem3 DAP, Dlmsn hn Pndainehmdkôe3 XPD, XPD, tnrmpkm hn rnskedraekzmdkôe dmrhkmdm3 BHIX, tnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms3 HMK, hnsgk`rklmhar dmrhkavnrsar kiplmetm`ln3 ektrmtas fkhrmlns, fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm3 FGrNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm3 @PK? `laquna hn rmim kzquknrhm3 IDT, mpaya dkrdulmtarka indíekda3 GNWK? grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha3 IPM, metmbaekstm hnl rndnptar hn ikenrmladartkdakhns3 ETP, rktia skeusml eariml3 E[FM, Msadkmdkôe hnl Darmzôe hn Eunvm [arc3 y TBLX0k, kefk`khar hnl datrmespartmhar hn sahka-bludasm 0. * Lm pmrtkdkpmdkôe ne nstuhkas hn kevnstkbmdkôe ns mhndumhm pmrm lm ntmpm D, E[FM dlmsn KK y KKK FG.
MP@, ue `laqunmhar `ntm y IPM agrndknrae ue `nengkdka skbekgkdmtkva skbekgkdmtk va ( (00). Zar la tmeta, lm dai`kemdkôe hn fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm ns mprapkmhm pmrm las mgraminrkdmeas dae FGrNG qun daetkeÿme sketaiítkdas m pnsmr hnl usa daedaiktmetn hn MDNk (a MP@), `ntm`laqunmharns y IPM. Ea fmy hmtas sugkdknetns pmrm nl usa daedaiktmetn dae MPEk.
Nl meílksks nedaetrô qun lm fkhrmlmzkem y nl hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm imetuvknrae ue vmlar mlta hurmetn tahm lm vkhm dae ue dasta par mýa hn vkhm >), ne W-FnGX K, nl usa hn fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm rnhuoa lm iartmlkhmh ne pmdknetns dae KD trmtmhas dae da e hkbaxkem y pmdknetns ea hkurëtkdas, ne daipmrmdkôe dae plmdn`a (8 (8). Tk las pmdknetns punhne talnrmr las mbnetns hn prkinrm léenm, daia
MPEk, MDNk a MP@, hn`kha m ketalnrmedkm m inhkdminetas, fkpatneskôe a kesugkdknedkm rneml, lm hnrkvmdkôe m ue nspndkmlkstm ne kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm punhn `rkehmr arknetmdkôe pmrm ue imenoa pastnrkar, y sn pahrém daeskhnrmr daes khnrmr nl usa hn fkhrmlmzkem y hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm ne nstas pmdknetns.
2.4.7. Atra trmtmikneta gmrimdalôbkda
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn atrms hrabms
Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
0`
@P
=. Ne pmdknetns dae séetaims hn KD hn dlmsn KKKK m KW, punhn snr rmzaem`ln usmr suplninetas hn ídkhas brmsas palkkesmturmhas palkkesmturmhas (Z^GM) ainbm-4 daia tnrmpkm mhyuvmetn pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh y lms faspktmlkzmdkaens dmrhkavmsdulmrns (=-8 (=-8).).
0`
@P
0. Ne pmdknetns dae KD qun nxpnrkinetme fkpnrpatmsnikm (ekvnl sërkda hn patmska‡>.> iNq/L) iknetrms taim ue kefk`khar hnl skstnim rnekem-mebkatneskem-mlhastnraem rnekem-mebkatneskem-mlhastnraem (PMMTk), lm ngndtkvkhmh hn las qunlmetns hn patmska (pmtkrôinra, dkdlasklkdmta hn sahka y dkrdaeka) pmrm inoarmr las rnsultmhas ml gmdklktmr lm daetkeumdkôe hn lm tnrmpkm dae TPMM ns kedknrtm (> (>,7).
@P
4? Tke `nengkdka
4. Ne pmdknetns dae KDGNP drôekdm ske uem kehkdmdkôe nspndégkdm (p. no., trai`ani`alksia vneasa SXNWY, GM, ue nvneta trai`ani`ôlkda prnvka a uem gunetn dmrhkani`ôlkdm), ea sn rndaiknehm lm metkdambulmdkôe (2-; (2-;).).
Tkeapsks Las nesmyas ne lm prnvnedkôe hn NDW, kedlukhm lm KD, iastrmrae qun lm
Nl rnsultmha hn iunrtn a kebrnsa faspktmlmrka par ue nvneta dmrhkavmsdulmr tmi`këe sn rnhuoa skbekgkdmtkvminetn. Nl nesmya
suplninetmdkôe dae MBZK ainbm-4 hm daia rnsultmha uem rnhuddkôe hnl
PNH^DN-KX mskbeô ml mzmr m pmdknetns dae NDW nstm`lndkhm a hkm`ntns
=: % ml 0: % hnl rknsba hn nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns gmtmlns y ea gmtmlns
dae gmdtarns hn rknsba m 0 b hn ntkla hn kdasmpneta (ue NZM mltminetn
=:). LLmm dumeha sn usm dae atrms tnrmpkms `msmhms ne nvkhnedkm (0 (0,4,=:).
purkgkdmha) has vndns ml hém a plmdn`a y iastrô ue rknsba rnhudkha
fkpnrpatmsnikm ns daiÿe ne lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y punhn pravadmr
pmrm nl daipunsta hn iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr, kegmrta hn ikadmrhka ea
mrrktikms n kegrmutklkzmdkôe hn BHIX.== BHIX.==,,=0). TTnn fm hniastrmha qun has
gmtml, mddkhnetn dnrn`ravmsdulmr ea gmtml, negnrinhmh daraemrkm.
mbnetns qunlmetns hn patmska bmstraketnstke bmstraketnstkemlns mlns iís eunvas, pmtkrôinra
rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe a mebkem kenstm`ln (4 (4). Ne nstuhkas kegarimhas kegarimhas,, lm
y dkdlasklkdmta hn sahka y zkrdaeka, rnhudne las ekvnlns hn patmska y
tnrmpkm dae Z^GM ainbm-4 fm skha `kne talnrmhm. Nstuhkas rndknetns
=4).). pnriktne nl trmtmikneta dae ue TPMM ne pmdknetns dae KD (> ( >,7,=4
fme kegarimha qun ne pmdknetns dae rknsba dmrhkavmsdulmr trmtmhas dae ídkhas brmsas ainbm-4, punhn fm`nr ue rknsba hn GM rnlmdkaemha
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Lm suplninetmdkôe dae ídkhas brmsas palkkesmturmhas ainbm-4 sn fm nesmya mya nvmlumha daia uem tnrmpkm mhyuvmetn pmrm NDW n KD (=8 ( =8).). Nl nes BKTTK-FG (Ngndta hn las ídkhas brmsas palkkesmturmhas e-4 ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm drôekdm) iastrô uem rnhuddkôe hn lm iunrtn netrn las pmdknetns dae kegmrta hn ikadmrhka qun taim`me = b hn ídkhas brmsas palkkesmturmhas ainbm-4 (6>:—660 ib hn ídkha nkdasmpnetmneakda nkdasmpnetmne akda SNZMY y ídkha hadasmfnxmneakda SHFMY daia ëstnrns ntélkdas ne lm prapardkô prapardkôe e hn =?=,0) ((=: =:).). ^e meílksks hn su`brupas past fad rnvnlô qun nstm rnhuddkôe ne lm iartmlkhmh y lm ITD sn daednetrô ne las mpraxkimhminetn 0::: pmdknetns dae GNWK rnhudkhm (=: (=:).). Las kevnst kevnstkbmharns kbmharns hn BKTTK-FG mlnmtarkzmrae m pmdknetns sketaiítkdas sketaiítkdas dae KD m = b hkmrka hn Z^GM ainbm-4 (6>:—660 ib hn NZM-HFM) a plmdn`a. Lm iunrtn par dumlquknr dmusm sn rnhuoa hnl 0; % dae plmdn`a ml 02 % ne las trmtmhas dae ídkhas brmsas palkkesmturmhas ainbm-4 (0 (0).
dae lm hasks (4 (4,=> =>,,hkndksëks). hkndksëks).
Lm fkpnrpatmsnikm ns daiÿe ne lm KD daia rnsultmha hnl prapka séehrain, lms daiar`klkhmhns (hkm`ntns, NPD) y nl usa hn TPMM, y punhn muinetmr nl rknsba hn mrrktikms vnetrkdulmrns y ==).). Lm fkpnrpatmsnik fkpnrpatmsnikmm hm lubmr m rnhuddkaens hn lm iartmlkhmh.== iartmlkhmh. hasks a m lm ketnrrupdkôe hn las TPMM, la qun daipraintn su `nengkdka dmrhkarrneml ne lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. dmrhém dm.=0 =0).). Has eunvas bmstraketnstkemlns patmska mblutkemetns - pmtkrôinra (PL[>:=7) y dkdlasklkdmta hn sahka y dkrdaeka (T_D)? nlkiken nl patmska inhkmetn nl ketnrdmi`ka hn dmtkaens (dmldka par pmtkrôinra y sahka n fkhrôbnea par T_D), T_ D), la qun muinetm lm nxdrndkôe gndml. Mi`as mbnetns fme skha mpra`mhas par lm GHM pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lm fkpnrpatmsnikm ne pmdknetns qun rndk`ne PMMTk. Ne nl nesmya ZNMPL-FG (Nvmlumdkôe hn lm ngkdmdkm y snburkhmh hn PL[>:=7, ue mblutkemetn palkiërkda hn patmska ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm drôekdm), pmtkrainr daehuoa m ekvnlns iís `moas hn patmska, ineas
ZBL >.7.: HXH -OMD0;=:0Qpraag - 08 hn imrza hn 0:00 - =>?44 - dn
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
n8;
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
fkpnrpatmsnikm, y uem imyar prapardkôe hn pmdknetns dmpmdns hn muinetmr lm hasks hn nspkraealmdtaem m >: ib ml hém ne Nl nesmya FMPIAEK_N daipmrmdkôe dae nl plmdn`a (> (>).). Nl (Fypnrcmlnikm Pmehaikznh Ketnrvnetkae Iultkhasn _T-; Imketnemedn) kedluyô m ;8 pmdknetns (hn ue tatml hn 0>6) dae KD =4). Las brupas (62 hn las dumlns netrmrae ne gmsn ha`ln dknba) (7 (7,=4). T_D labrmrae labrmrae e ekvnlns kvnlns hn patmska iís `moas ne bnenrml ne daipmrmdkôe dae nl plmdn`a, y uem imyar prapardkôe imetuva lm eariapatmsnikm (ekvnlns hn patmska, ,= iNq/L). Tn nstí kevnstkbmeha sk pmtkrainr a T_D inoarme las rnsultmhas dléekdas. Las ngndtas mhvnrsas hn las qunlmetns hn patmska iís eunvas kedluyne fkpaimbensnikm (pmrm pmtkraims) y nhnim (pmrm T_D).
4. Ne vmrkas meílksks rntraspndtkvas, nl rknsba hn nvnetas trai`ani`ôlkdas ea gun inear ne pmdknetns dae KD qun taim`me wmrgmrkem qun ne pmdknetns ea trmtmhas dae gírimdas metktrai`ôtkdas (=2-=; (=2-=;).). Nl usa hn hn wmrgmrkem wmrgmrkem sn msadkô dae uem rnhuddkôe hn nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns imyarns y iunrtn ne pmdknetns dae KD ne mlbueas nstuhkas
pnra ea ne atras (0:-0 (0:-000). ^e NDM NDM qun daipmrô nl rnsultmha hn pmdknetns dae FGrNG mskbemhas m mspkrkem, wmrgmrkem a dlapkhabrnl nedaetrô qun ekebuem tnrmpkm gun supnrkar (2 ( 2). Atra nesmya qun d qun daipmrô aipmrô mspkrkem dae wmrgmrkem ne pmdknetns dae GNWK rnhudkhm, rktia skeusml y ske gunetn dmrhkani`ôlkdm ea iastrô hkgnrnedkms ne nl rnsultmha prkimrka hn iunrtn, mddkhnetn dnrn`ravmsdulmr a fniarrmbkm ketrmdnrn`rml, ek ne nl rnsultmha dai`kemha hn iunrtn, mddkhnetn dnrn`ravmsdulmr ksquëikda, fniarrmbkm ketrmdnrn`rml, kegmrta hn ikadmrhka a faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm (6 (6). Fu`a ue muineta muineta skbekgkdmtkva ne nl smebrmha imyar dae wmrgmrkem. ^e nesmya hn rkvmraxm`me ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG, DMH y rktia skeusml eariml ea iastrô hkgnrnedkms ne lm iartmlkhmh, kegmrta hn ikadmrhka ikad mrhka y mddkhnetn Zar la a tmeta, ea dnrn`ravmsdulmr ne daipmrmdkôe dae plmdn`a (; (;). Zar l fmy nvkhnedkm hn `nengkdka hn lm metkdambulmdkôe ne pmdknetns dae KD ske uem kehkdmdkôe nspndégkdm (p. no., XNW, GM, ue nvneta trai`ani`ôlkda prnvka a uem gunetn dmrhkani`ôlkdm).
2.4.2. Gírimdas hn vmlar ea daipra`mha a qun punhne nipnarmr lm KD
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm inhkdminetas hn vmlar ea daipra`mha a inhkdminetas qun punhne nipnarmr lm KD
Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
4? Tke `nengkdka
M
=. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG, las `laqunmharns hn las dmemlns hn dmldka hn hkfkhrapkrkhkem ea sn rndaiknehme daia trmtmikneta pmrm lm FG (= (=,0).
4? Tke `nengkdka
@P
0. Ne pmdknetns dae KDGNP, ea sn rndaiknehme vktmikems, suplninetas eutrkdkaemlns y tnrmpkm fariaeml iís qun pmrm darrnbkr hngkdknedkms nspndégkdms (4-; (4-;).).
4? Hmýa
M
4? Hmýa
M
8. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG, las inhkdminetas metkmrrétikdas hn dlmsn KD y hraenhmraem punhne muinetmr nl rknsba hn iartmlkhmh (=8-=7 (=8-=7).).
4? Hmýa
M
>. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG, lms tkmzalkhkenhkaems muinetme nl rknsba hn nipnarmikneta hn las séetaims hn FG y hn lms faspktmlkzmdkaens faspktmlkzm dkaens (=2-0= =2-0=).).
4? Hmýa
@P
7. Ne pmdknetns dae hkm`ntns tkpa 0 y mlta rknsba dmrhkavmsdulmr, las kefk`kharns hn lm hkpnptkhkl pnptkhmsm-8 (HZZ-8) smxmblkptkem y mlablkptkem muinetme nl rknsba hn faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD y hn`ne nvktmrsn ne pmdknetns dae KD ( 00-08).). 00-08
4? Hmýa
@-EP
2. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG, las MKEN nipnarme las séetaims hn FG y hn`ne nvktmrsn a rntkrmrsn skniprn qun snm pask`ln (0> (0>-06 -06).).
4. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG, ea sn rndaiknehme las `laqunmharns hn las dmemlns hn dmldka ea hkfkhrapkrkhéekdas (=:(=:- =4). =4).
Tkeapsks Muequn nxkstn uem gunrtn nvkhnedkm hn `nengkdka dae
ea ns nxfmustkva, pnra sn dnetrm ne las inhkdminetas iís rnlnvmetns y daiÿeinetn nedaetrmhas ne nl trmtmikneta hn
inhkdminetas snlnddkaemhas pmrm FGrNG daia sn hnsdrk`n hnsd rk`n ne 2.4,, “Xrmtmikneta gmrimdalôbkda pmrm lm KD dae grmddkôe hn Tnddkôe 2.4 nynddkôe rnhudkhm (FGrNG)’, qunhme vmrkms dlmsns hn inhkdminetas qun tknene ue vmlar ea pra`mha a ue patnedkml hmýkea ((Xm`lm Xm`lm =4 =4).). Nstms rndainehmdkaens rndainehmdkaens sae
pmdknetns dae FGrNG? `laqunmharns hn las dmemlns hn dmldka3 mbnetns metkmrrétikdas3 MKEN3 inhkdminetas pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lm hkm`ntns tkpa 0, kedlukhms lms tkmzalkhkenhkaems y las kefk`kharns hn lm HZZ-83 y vktmikems, fariaems y suplninetas eutrkdkaemlns.
ZBL >.7.: HXH -OMD0;=:0Qpraag - 08 hn imrza hn 0:00 - =>?44 - dn
n>:
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe Las `laqunmharns hn las dmemlns hn dmldka hkfkhrapkrkhéekdas hn snbuehm bnenrmdkôe, qun kedluyne milahkpkem y gnlahkpkem, tknene uem imyar snlndtkvkhmh par las dmemlns hn dmldka ne lms dëlulms hnl iÿsdula lksa vmsdulmr y ineas mdtkvkhmh hnprnsarm hnl ikadmrhka. Ml rnhudkr lm vmsadaestrkddkôe pnrkgërkdm y lm pasdmrbm hnl WK, sn pnesô qun las `laqunmharns hn las dmemlns hn dmldka tneéme ue pmpnl patnedkml ne nl trmtmikneta hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm drôekdm. Nl nstuhka ZPMKTN-= (Zraspndtkvn Pmehaikznh Milahkpken Turvkvml Nvmlumtkae-=) iastrô uem rnhuddkôe hn lm iartmlkhmh ne nl su`brupa hn pmdknetns dae ikadmrhkapmtém ea ksquëikdm qun rndk`knrae milahkp milahkpkea (= (=). Tke ni`mrba, ne nl nesmya ZPMKTN-0 (Zraspndtkvn Pmehaikznh Milahkpken Turvkvml Nvmlumtkae 0), qun kesdrk`kô sala m pmdknetns dae ikadmrhkapmtém ea ksquëikdm, ea sn a`snrvô ekebÿe `nengkdka ne lm supnrvkvnedkm, la qun kehkdm lms lkiktmdkaens hn lms Tke daedluskaens hnrkvmhms hn las meílksks hn su`brupas (0; (0;).). Tke ni`mrba, las `laqunmharns hn las dmemlns hn dmldka hn hkfkhrapkrkhkem punhne usmrsn pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lm fkpnrtneskôe ne pmdknetns qun tknene prnskôe mrtnrkml nlnvmhm m pnsmr hn lm aptkikzmdkôe hn BHIX. Tn fme prapunsta iudfas suplninetas eutrkdkaemlns y tnrmpkms 4:,4=). 4=). Ne ÿ ÿlltkim fariaemlns pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lm KD (4-;, 4-;,4:, kestmedkm, lm imyarém hn las nstuhkas nstíe lkiktmhas par tmimýas hn iunstrm pnqunýas, puetas gkemlns mltnremtkvas a hksnýa ksnýa ea ea mlnmtarka ((40 40,,44). 44). Mhniís, las ngndtas mhvnrsas y lms ketnrmddkaens gmrimdalôbkdms skbune ske rnsalvnrsn. Fmy uem gmltm hn nvkhnedkm hnl `nengkdka hn lm vktmikem H (4-> (4->),), tkmikem tkmikem ( 48-47), dmrektkem (42 (42),), y tmurkem (46 (46,,4; 4;)) y nl hmýa patnedkml patnedkml hn hn lm 48-47), dmrektkem vktmikem N (7 (7,2). Nl NDM iís brmehn hn lm danezki danezkimm ]=:, ]T[I@KA (Danezkim ]=: daia trmtmikneta mhyuvmetn hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm drôekdm dae ëegmsks ne las TÉEXAIMT, nl nstmha hn las `kaimrdmharns Spëptkha emtrkurëtkda dnrn`rmlY y nl rnsultmha m lmrba plmza Sfaspktmlkzmdkaens/iartmlkhmhY), ea iastrô dmi`kas ne dlmskgkdmdkôe guedkaeml hn lm E[FM m lms =7 snimems, muequn lm kedkhnedkm hn nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns mhvnrsas imyarns m las 0 mýas sn rnhuoa skbekgkdmtkvminetn (fmzmrh rmtka, :,>:3 KD hnl ;> %, :,40-:,6:3ZMBT¼:.::4) (6 ( 6). M pnsmr hn nstas fmllmzbas, lms prnadupm prnadupmdkaens sa`rn lm lnetktuh hnl rndlutmikneta ne nstn nesmya fme mtneumha nl netuskmsia par lm mhikekstrmdkôe hn suplninetas hn danezkim ]=: ne lm 4=). Tn fme prap prapunsta nsta tnrmpkms fariaemlns prídtkdm dléekdm (; (;,4=). pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lm KD, pnra las nesmyas fme hniastrmha ue ngndta enutrml hn lm tnstastnraem (8: ( 8:,,8= 8=),), fariaem hn hn 80) y lm fariaem ariaem tkrakhnm ((84-8> 84-8>)) ne las drndkikneta (4: (4:,,80) rnsultmhas hn KD. 4. Las `laqunmharns hn las dmemlns hn dmldka ea hkfkhrapkrkhéekdas (hkltkmzni y vnrmpmikla) sae hnprnsarns hnl ikadmrhka y, par la bnenrml, ea sn talnrme `kne ne lm KD. Nl vnrmpmikla ea tuva kipmdta ne lm supnrvkvnedkm a nvnetas dmrhémdas imyarns hnspuës hn ue KI, kedlusa ne mqunllas pmdknetns dae FGrNG hnspuës hn ue KI mbuha.=: mbuha.=:).). Ne pmdknetns pmdknetns dae ikadmrhkapmtém ea ksquëikdm, nl hkltkmzni ea tuva kipmdta ne lm iartmlkhmh (=4 (=4)) pnra, ne FGrNG
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
hnspuës hn ue KI mbuha, nl hkltkmzni sn msadkô dae ue imyar =0)). rknsba hn KD rndurrnetn (= ( ==,=0 8. Ne nl nesmya DMTX (Dmrhkmd Mrrfytfikm Tupprnsskae), las pmdknetns dae mrrktikms vnetrkdulmrns msketaiítkdms hnspuës hn ue KI trmtmhas dae las metkmrrétikdas hn dlmsn KD nedmkekhm a ). Lm mplkdm`klkhmh glndmkekhm tuvknrae uem imyar iartmlkhmh (= ( =8). Lm hn DMTX m pmdknetns ske kegmrta hn ikadmrhka rndknetn am atras gírimdas metkmrrétikdas hn dlmsn K ns kedknrtm, pnra las mbnetns metkmrrétikdas hn dlmsn KD bnenrmlinetn sn nvktme ne pmdknetns dae dmrhkapmtém nstrudturml. Ne MEHPAINHM (Metkmrrfytfikd Xrkml wktf Hraenhmraen ke Iahnrmtn ta Tnvnrn DFG Nvmlumtkeb Iar`khkty Hndrnmsn Ttuhy), pmrm nl metkmrrétikda hraenhmraem hn dlmsn KKK, las pmdknetns dae KDGNP qun gunrae faspktmlkzmhas tuvknrae uem imyar iartmlkhmh (hkndksëks ( hkndksëks).). Ne nl nesmya TRAPH (Tu Turvkvml rvkvml Rktf APml H-satmlal) hnl metkmrrétikda satmlal hn dlmsn KKK, las pmdknetns dae KD hnspuës hn ue KI tuvknrae uem imyar iartmlkhmh (=> (=>).). Tke ni`mrba, TRAPH sn pu`lkdô ne =;;7, y ea sn sm`n sk nl satmlal snrém hmýkea ne lm nrm mdtuml hn BHIX y HMK3 Nl satmlal sn punhn utklkzmr pmrm lms mrrktikms murkdulavnetrkdulmrns rngrmdtmrkms dae uem nstrndfm vkbklmedkm hn 82) y hagntklkhm (86 (86,,8;) 8;) sae lm hnsdaipnesmdkôe. Mikahmraem (87 (87,,82) las ÿekdas mbnetns metkmrrétikdas dae ngndtas ngndtas enutras enutras sa`rn lm iarttmlkhmh iar mlkhmh ne las nesmyas dléekdas hn pmdknetns dae KDGNP. Las mbnetns metkmrrétikdas hn dlmsn KM, daia lm qukekhkem, y las mbnetns hn dlmsn K@, daia lm inxklntkem, ea sn fme nstuhkmha y punhne nstmr kehkdmhas pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lms mrrktikms vnetrkdulmrns rngrmdtmrkms ne nl daetnxta hnl díldula hnl rknsba`nengkdka hnl pmdknetn kehkvkhuml y oueta dae lm daesultm hn nlndtragkskalabém.
Lms tkmzalkhkenhkaems muinetme lm snesk`klkhmh m lm kesulkem ml mdtkvmr nl rndnptar bmiim mdtkvmha par nl pralkgnrmhar hn pnraxksaim eudlnmr (ZZMP-brmia).Nxprnsmha ne prídtkdminetn tahas las tnokhas, ZZMP-brmiatmi`këe rnbulm lm rnm`sardkôe hn sahka ne las daehudtas dalndtarns hnl rkýôe. Ne nstuhkas a`snrvmdkaemlns hn da dafartns fartns ((=2 =2),), intmeílksks intmeílksks ((=6 =6),), y nesmyas =;-0=),), lms tkmzalkhkenhkaems sn fme msadkmha dae uem dléekdas (=;-0= imyar kedkhnedkm hn rntnedkôe hn léqukhas y nvnetas hn KD ne mqunllas pmdknetns dae (=; (=;,,0= 0=)) a ske (=6 =6,,0: 0:)) uem fkstarkm prnv prnvkkm hn KD. HZZ-8 ns uem nezkim hn lm supnrgkdkn dnlulmr qun hnsmdtkvm vmrkas pëptkhas, kedlukha nl palkpëptkha kesulkeatrôpkda hnpnehknetn hn bludasm y nl pëptkha skiklmr ml bludmbôe, y rnhudn nl bludmbôe pasprmehkml y lm kebnstm hn mlkinetas. Nl kipmdta hn las kefk`kharns hn lm HZZ-8 ne las rnsultmhas dmrhkavmsdulmrns ne pmdknetns dae hkm`ntns y mlta rknsba dmrhkavmsdulmr sn fm nvmlumha ne iÿltkplns NDM. Lm smxmblkptkem muinetô nl rknsba hn faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD (00 (00),), ml kbuml qun lm mlablkptkem ne ue meílksks past fad qun kedluyô sala m pmdknetns ske metndnhnetns hn KD (04 (04,,>:), >:), pnra
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
XM@LM =4
n>=
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Inhkdminetas rndntmhas snlnddkaemhas snlnddkaemhas qun punhne dmusmr a nxmdnr`mr lm KD Msadkmha dae KD Dmusms
hrabm a Xnrmpëutkda Dlmsn
Hkrndta
ikadírhkda Xaxkdkhmh
nxmdnr`m Tu`ymdnetn ikadírhkda Hksguedkôe
V
DAV, ea snlndtkva
Imbektuh hn Kehuddkôe FG a Zrndkpktmdkôe
LAN pmrm KD Kehuddkôe a Zrndkpktmdkôe
Kipartmetn
Indmeksia(s) pask`ln(s)
Daikneza
@
kefk`kharns
(MKEN)
Kefk`kdkôe hn lm prastmblmehkem qun daehudn m lm rntnedkôe hn sahka y mbum, muineta hn lm rnskstnedkm vmsdulmr skstëikdm y
V
Kipartmetn
@
tkmzalkhkenhkaems
V
Kipartmetn
M
Tmxmblkptkem
V
Kipartmetn
M
mlablkptkem
V
Kipartmetn
M
glndmkekhm
V
Kipartmetn
M
hksapkrmikhm
V
Kipartmetn
@
Tatmlal
V
Kipartmetn
M
Zrapknhmhns pramrrétikdms, `laquna `ntm
hraenhmraem
V
Kipartmetn
M
keatrôpkda enbmtkva
haxmzaskem
V
Iahnrmr
@
Nstkiulmdkôe hnl rndnptar `ntm-= dae muinetas ne
hkltkmzni
V
Kipartmetn
@
vnrmpmikla
V
Kipartmetn
@
ekgnhkpkem
V
Iahnrmr
D
DAV, snlndtkvm
Keinhkmta
rnspunstm ni`atmhm m las hkurëtkdas
kefk`kharns
(DAV-0 kefk`kharns) Zask`ln `laquna hn las dmemlns hn dmldka
Ketnrinhka
Hnsdaeadkha
Ketnrinhka m rntrmsmha
Ngndtas keatrôpkdas, pramrrétikdas enbmtkvas
Keinhkmta m ketnrinhka
Keinhkmta m ketnrinhka
`laqunmharns mlgm-=
rnekem y mlhastnraem
keatrôpkda enbmtkva
Ketnrinhka m rntrmsmha
Keinhkmta m ketnrinhka
Mhmptmha hn Zmbn PL 0eh nt ml. ( >2). >2). Hnrndfa Hnrndfass hn mutar 0:=7 Msadkmdkôe Minrkdmem hnl Darmzôe Ked.
DAV kehkdm dkdlaaxkbnemsm3 KD, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 LAN, Ekvnl hn Nvkhnedkm3 y MKEN, ue gírimda metkkeglmimtarka ea nstnrakhna.
>0) yy lkemblkptkem lkemblkptkem (>4->> (>4->>)) Ea3 Nst Nstas as fmllmzbas sktmblkptkem (> (>=,>0) punhne fm`nr skha nl rnsultmha hn lms hkgnrnedkms kekdkmlns ne nl usa hn intgarikem, tkmzalkhkenhkaems n kesulkem, qun tmi`këe mgndtme nl rknsba hn KD. Lm GHM rndaiknehm lm suspneskôe hn smxmblkptkem y mlablkptkem nspndégkdminetn ne pmdknetns qun hnsmrrallme kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm (>7 (>7),), y ea nstí dlmra sk nl rknsba hn nipnarmikneta hn lm KD ns ue ngndta hn dlmsn hn las kefk`kharns hn lm HZZ-8. 2. Las MKEN kefk`ne lm séetnsks hn prastmblmehkems rnemlns, qun inhkme lm vmsahklmtmdkôe ne las rkýaens y hkrndtminetn
Kefk`n lm rnm`sardkôe hn sahka ne nl msm msdnehnetn brunsm hn Fneln y ne nl tÿ`ula dalndtar. Zar la tmeta, las MKEN punhne dmusmr rntnedkôe hn sahka y mbum y iktkbmr las ngndtas hn las hkurëtkdas. Wmrkas nstuhkas a`snrvmdkaemlns hn dafartns fme rnvnlmha ue muineta hn lm iar`klkhmh y lm iartmlkhmh ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm qun utklkzme MKEN snlndtkvas a ea sn snlndtkvas. lndtkvas.0>-06 0>-06).).
2.4.6. Haskgkdmdkôe hn BHIX? sndunedkmdkôe y vmlarmdkôe msdnehnetn
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm lm haskgkdmdkôe hn BHIX? sndunedkmdkôe y muineta hn lm tktulmdkôe
Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
M
0m
DNA
PNDAINEHMDKAENT =. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG, sn rndaiknehm lm tktulmdkôe hn lm hasks hn inhkdmdkôe hkrkbkhm par lms buéms pmrm mldmezmr lms hasks a`ontkva qun sn fm hniastrmha qun sae ngkdmdns ne las NDM, pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr y lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par FG, m ineas qun ea sn talnrne `kne (=(=-=: =:).). 0. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG, lm tktulmdkôe y lm aptkikzmdkôe hn las inhkdminetas hkrkbkhas par lms buéms dae uem grndunedkm hn = m 0 snimems, hnpnehkneha hn las séetaims hnl pmdknetn, las skbeas vktmlns y las fmllmzbas hn lm`armtarka, punhne snr ÿtklns pmrm aptkikzmr nl imenoa.
n>0
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
XM@LM =8
Gírimdas daiÿeinetn utklkzmhas pmrm lm FGrNG (FG ne nstmhka D)
Hasks inhkms mldmezmhms Hasks hkmrkm kekdkml (s)
Hasks a`ontkva (s)
ne Nesmyas Dléekdas
Pngnrnedkms
7,0> ib 4 vndns ml hém
>: ib 4 vndns ml hém
=00,2 ib hkmrkas tatmlns
(=;) =;)
nemlmprkl
0,> ib has vndns ml hém
=:—0: ib has vndns ml hém
=7,7 ib hkmrkas tatmlns
Gaskeaprkl
>-=: ib uem vnz ml hém
8: ib uem vnz ml hém
(4) .
Lkskeaprkl
0,>—> ib uem vnz ml hém
0:—8: ib uem vnz ml hém
Hrabm
MDNk dmptaprkl
pnrkehaprkl
0 ib uem vnz ml hém
6—=7 ib uem vnz ml hém
qukem`rkl
> ib has vndns ml hém
0: ib has vndns ml hém
Pmikprkl
=,0>—0,> ib uem vnz ml hém
=: ib uem vnz ml hém
Xrmehalmprkl
= ib uem vnz ml hém
8 ib uem vnz ml hém
HNTZ^ËT
40,>—4>,: ib hkmrkas tatmlns
(=2 =2))
HNTZ^ËT
.
HNTZ^ËT
.
HNTZ^ËT
.
HNTZ^ËT
.
@PM 8-6 ib uem vnz ml hém
40 ib uem vnz ml hém
08 ib hkmrkas tatmlns
(0:) 0:)
lasmrtíe
0>—>: ib uem vnz ml hém
>:—=>: ib uem vnz ml hém
=0; ib hkmrkas tatmlns
(=6) =6)
Wmlsmrtíe
0:—8: ib uem vnz ml hém
=7: ib has vndns ml hém
0>8 ib hkmrkas tatmlns
0=)) (0=
=60 ib hn smdu`ktrkla y =;4 ib hn vmlsmrtíe ne tatml
(00 00))
dmehnsmrtíe
MPEk Tmdu`ktrkla-vmlsmrtíe
8; ib hn smdu`ktrkla y >= ib hn vmlsmrtíe has vndns ml hém (nl trmtmikneta punhn kekdkmrsn dae 08 ib hn smdu`ktrkla y 07
Tmdu`ktrkla ;2 ib y vmlsmrtíe =:4 ib has vndns ml hém
ib hn vmlsmrtíe has vndns ml hém)
m hkmrka
@laqunmharns `ntm
`ksapralal
=,0> ib uem vnz ml hém
=: ib uem vnz ml hém
dmrvnhklal
4,=0> ib has vndns ml hém
0>—>: ib has vndns ml hém
Dmrvnhklal PD
6,7 ib hkmrkas tatmlns 42 ib hkmrkas tatmlns
(=) (04) 04) .
=: ib uem vnz ml hém
6: ib uem vnz ml hém
=0,>—0> ib uem vnz ml hém
0:: ib uem vnz ml hém
=>; ib hkmrkas tatmlns
(== ==))
=0,>—0> ib uem vnz ml hém
0>—>: ib uem vnz ml hém
07 ib hkmrkas tatmlns
(7)
0> ib uem vnz ml hém
>: ib uem vnz ml hém
80,7 ib hkmrkas tatmlns
=4)) (=4
hmpmblkglazkem
=: ib uem vnz ml hém
=: ib uem vnz ml hém
;,6 ib hkmrkas tatmlns
(6)
Nipmblkglazkem
=: ib uem vnz ml hém
=: ib uem vnz ml hém
EP
(;)
;: ib hn hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm y w=2> ib hn fkhrmlmzkem
(=: =:))
suddkemta hn intapralal
HNTZ^ËT
lk`nrmdkôe pralaebmhm
(intapralal DP/VL) Metmbaekstms hn las rndnptarns hn ikenrmladartkdakhns
nspkraealmdtaem
nplnrneaem TBLX0k
Hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm n fkhrmlmzkem Dai`kemdkôe hn hasks gkom hn 0: ib hn hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm y 42,> ib hn fkhrmlmzkem 4
vndns ml hém
8: ib hn hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm y 2> ib
fkhrmlmzkem 4 vndns ml hém
tatmlns hkmrkas
hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm y fkhrmlmzkem
0:-4: ib hn hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm y 0>->: ib fkhrmlmzkem 4 m 8 vndns ml hém
=0: ib hn hkektrmta hn ksasar`khm tatml ml hém ne hasks hkvkhkhms y 4:: ib hn fkhrmlmzkem tatml
HNTZ^ËT
(08) 08)
hkmrkminetn ne hasks hkvkhkhms
KGkefk`khar hn dmeml kvm`rmhkem
> ib has vndns ml hém
2,> ib has vndns ml hém
=0,6 tatmlns hkmrkas
(0>-02) 0>-02)
0,> ib uem vnz ml hém
=: ib uem vnz ml hém
;,0 ib hkmrkas tatmlns
(06) 06)
Nstkiulmhar hn bumeklmta dkdlmsm salu`ln Wnrkdkbumt Hkbaxkem
:,=0>-:,0> ib hkmrkas (iahkgkdmha snbÿe iaeabrmim)
Hasks vmrkm`ln kehkvkhumlkzmhm pmrm daesnbukr sërui daednetrmdkôe hn hkbaxkem :,>—
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
@nengkdkas hn lms tnrmpkms `msmhms ne lm nvkhnedkm pmrm pmdknetns dae FGrNG (4-7 (4-7,,6,=: =:--=8 =8,,04 04,,4=4=-880)
Xnrmpkm @msmhm ne Nvkhnedkm
Pknsba rnlmtkva Pnhuddkôe ne
EEX pmrm prnvnekr
EEX pmrm
EEX pmrm
Iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms ne
Iartmlkhmh par dumlquknr dmusm
Iartmlkhmh par dumlquknr dmusm
Iartmlkhmh par dumlquknr dmusm
NDM guehminetmlns, %
Xknipa nxtrmarhkemrka* nxtrmarhkemrka*
(Nstmehmrkzmha m =0 insns)
(Nstmehmrkzmha m 47 insns)
MDNk a MP@
=2
00 iís hn 80 insns
MPEk† MPEk†
hkndksëks
@ntm`laqunmetn Metmbaekstm hn las rndnptarns hn ikenrmladartkdakhns
22
07
47 iís hn 02 insns
6:
02
48
06 iís hn =0 insns
06
;
4:
; ne 08 insns
=6
7
84 imyarns hn =6 insns
74
00
TBLX0k
=2
Fkhrmlmzkem a ektrmta‡ ektrmta‡
84
0> iís hn =: insns
0=
2
tu`a hn rmyas dmtôhkdas
47
=0 ne 08 insns
08
6
DKN
04
=8 iís hn 7: insns
2:
04
* Inhkmem hn hurmdkôe hnl snbukikneta ne nl rnspndtkva nesmya dléekda. †@nengkdka hn lm tnrmpkm dae MPEk kedrninetml ml labrmha da e lm tnrmpkm dae MDNk. Zmrm las a tras inhkdminetas qun sn iunstrme, las `nengkdkas sn `msme ne da ipmrmdkaens dae nl daetral hn plmdn`a. ‡Nl `nengkdka hn lm tnrmpkm dae ektrmta hn fkhrmlmzkem sn lkiktô m las pmdknetns mgraminrkdmeas ne nstn nesmya. MDNk kehkdm kefk`khar hn lm nezkim daevnrtkharm hn mebkatneskem3 MP@, `laqunmhar hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem3 MPEk, kefk`khar hn enprklkskem hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem3 XPD, tnrmpkm hn rnskedraekzmdkôe dmrhkmdm3 FGrNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm3 HMK, hnsgk`rklmhar dmrhkavnrsar kiplmetm`ln3 EEX? eÿinra endnsmrka m trmtmr3 NDM, nesmya daetralmha mlnmtarka3 y TBLX0k, kefk`khar hnl datrmespartmhar hn sahka y bludasm-0.
Lms hasks hkmem gunrae lms qun nstm`lndknrae lm ngkdmdkm y snburkhmh hn nstas inhkdminetas ne lm KDGNP y skrvne hn `msn pmrm lms rndaiknehm nl usa usa hn hn rndainehmdkaens hn lm buém (Xm`lm (Xm`lm =>), =>), sn rndaiknehm ==-=8). Tn fm nstkimha qun nl nstms hasks a`ontkva, sk sn talnrme (=-; (=-;,,==-=8). usa hn lms 8 dlmsns hn gírimdas rnhudn lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms ne ue 24 % ne daipmrmdkôe dae ekebÿe trmtmikneta (=> (=>).).
nl muineta hn lm hasks hn ue inhkdmineta pmrm lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn`n rntrmsmrsn fmstm qun sn fmyme rnsunlta las ngndtas mhvnrsas a`snrvmhas dae hasks iís `moms. Dumeha sn utklkzm uem nstrmtnbkm hn nstn tkpa pmrm lm tktulmdkôe hn lm hasks, lm imyarém hn l as pmdknetns (mpraxkimhminetn hnl 2: % ml 6> %) kesdrktas ne nesmyas dléekdas qun rndk`knrae nstas inhkdminetas puhknrae talnrmr nl trmtmikneta m darta, ketnrinhka y lmrba plmza dae nstas mbnetns y labrmr y imetnenr lm hasks
Tk ea sn punhn mldmezmr lm hasks a`ontkva a ea sn talnrm `kne, sn rndaiknehm lm hasks iís mltm talnrmhm. Ea fmy hmtas hkrndtas qun iunstrne qun nl usa hn hasks iís `moms hn inhkdminetas pmrm lm FGrNG netrn las pmdknetns, ne las qun sn pahréme talnrmr hasks a`ontkva iís mltms, prahudkrém nl iksia brmha hn `nengkdka dléekda a uea skiklmr. Ne las nesmyas qun nvmlumrae lm rnspunstm m lm hasks pmrm las rnsultmhas, lms tmsms hn nvnetas daipunstas gunrae iís `moms dae lms hasks a`ontkva ne daipmrmdkôe dae lms hasks iís `moms (=7-=6). =7-=6). Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Nl usa hn nstas inhkdminetas nspndégkdas pmrm lm FGrNG hn`n kiplkdmr nl kekdka dae hasks kekdkmlns `moms, nl muineta hn lm tktulmdkôe m ketnrvmlas nspndkgkdmhas snbÿe snbÿe sn talnrn y nl labra hn imetnenr lms hasks a`ontkva qun hniastrmrae snr ngndtkvms ne las prkedkpmlns nesmyas dléekdas. Las iëhkdas hn`ne fmdnr taha la pask`ln pmrm labrmr =4)) y imetnenr lms hasks a`ontkva hngkekhms ne nl nesmya dléekda (Xm`lm =4 hn las inhkdminetas kehkdmhas kehkdmhas ne lms b buéms, uéms, skniprn qun snme `kne talnrmhas par nl pmdknetn. Tn hn`n iaektarnmr m las pmdknetns pmrm hntndtmr dmi`kas ne lm grndunedkm dmrhémdm, lm prnskôe mrtnrkml, las nlndtralktas, lm guedkôe rneml y las séetaims hurmetn nstn pnréaha hn muineta hn lm hasks. Zlmekgkdmha
==-=8).). Las ketnetas ketnetas rnpntkhas rnpntkhas hn muineta a`ontkva hngkekhm hnl nesmya (=-; (=-;,,==-=8 hn lm tktulmdkôe punhne rnsultmr ne lm aptkikzmdkôe, kedlusa sk las ketnetas kekdkmlns punhne gmllmr. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG, las `laqunmharns `ntm `rkehme inoarms hnpnehknetns hn lm hasks ne lm GNWK, rnhuddkôe hn lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par FG y rnhuddkôe hn lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms. =2 =2).). Las nesmyas hn hasks iís `moms `moms vnrsus hasks iís mltms hn MDNk y MP@ fme iastrmha ue inear rknsba hn iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr u faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae hasks iís mltms, dae snburkhmh y talnrm`klkhmh =6).). skiklmrns.=2,,=6 skiklmrns.=2
0. Nl kekdka y lm tktulmdkôe hn`ne kehkvkhumlkzmrsn y aptkikzmrsn ske hniarm hn mdunrha dae las séetaims, las skbeas vktmlns, nl nstmha guedkaeml, lm talnrmedkm, lm guedkôe rneml, las nlndtralktas, lms daiar`klkhmhns, lm dmusm nspndégkdm hn lm KD y lm dmpmdkhmh hn snbukikneta hnl pmdknetn. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG, nl kekdka skiultíena a lm sndunedkmdkôe y nl arhne hn las inhkdminetas hkrkbkhas par lms buéms bnenrmlinetn sn kehkvkhumlkzme hn mdunrha dae las séetaims hnl pmdknetn, las skbeas vktmlns, nl nstmha guedkaeml, lm talnrmedkm, lm guedkôe rneml, las nlndtralktas, lms daiar`klkhmhns, lm dmusm nspndégkdm hn FG y lm dmpmdkhmh hn snbukikneta. y ea endnsmrkminetn hn`n fmdnrsn hn mdunrha dae lm sndunedkm hn pu`lkdmdkaens hn nesmyas y ea hn`n rntrmsmrsn.
n>4
n>8
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
2.4.;. Xnrmpkms iëhkdms mhkdkaemlns 2.4.;.=. Imenoa hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne n stmhka D? kvm`rmhkem
Pndainehmdkôe pmrm nl imenoa hn lm l m KD ne nstmhka D? Kvm`rmhkem Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lm rndainehmdkôe sn rnsuine ne nlTuplninet nl Tuplninetas as hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKÔE
0m
@P
Zmrm pmdknetns dae FGrNG drôekdm nstm`ln sketaiítkdm (E[FM dlmsn KK m KKK) (GNWK£4> %) qun rndk`ne BHIX, kedlukha ue `ntm`laqunmetnn m lm hasks iíxkim talnrmhm, y qun nstíe ne rktia skeusml dae uem grndunedkm dmrhémdm hn‡2: lpi ne `ntm`laqunmet rnpasa, lm kvm`rmhkem punhn snr `nengkdkasm pmrm rnhudkr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD y lm iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr (= (=,0).
Tkeapsks Lm grndunedkm dmrhémdm ns ue gunrtn prnhkdtar hn las rnsultmhas dmrhkavmsdulmrns ne lm pa`lmdkôe bnenrml y ne pmdknetns dae NDW, kedlukhm lm KD. Nl nesmya TFKGX (Kvm`rmhken meh Autdains ke Dfraekd Fnmrt Gmklurn) pra`ô lm fkpôtnsks hn qun lm rnhuddkôe hn lm grndunedkm dmrhémdm ne pmdknetns dae KD inoarm las rnsultmhas dmrhkavmsdulmrns ng kdmdkm kdmdkm hn lm kvm`rmhkem, ue iahulmhar hnl (=). TFKGX hniastrô lm ng eôhula skeamurkdulmr qun kefk`n snlndtkvminetn lm KGmdtuml, ne lm rnhuddkôe hnl drktnrka hn vmlarmdkôe daipunsta hn iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr u faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD ne pmdknetns dae KD. Imr pmrm a`tnenr a`tnenr ue rnsuine hn lms rndainehmdkaens hn Gkburm 22pmrm tnrmpkm iëhkdm mhkdkaemlns. Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Muequn nl rnsultmha prkimrka ne TFKGX gun uem dai`kemdkôe hn faspktmlkzmdkôe y iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr, nl imyar `nengkdka gun uem rnhuddkôe ne lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD. DMI@KA
kedluynrae pmdknetns dae KDGNP y GNWK # 4>% qun sn nedaetrm`me ne rktia skeusml dae uem grndunedkm dmrhkmdm ne rnpasa hn $ 2: 2 : lpi. Las pmrtkdkpmetns nrme prnhaikemetninetn prnhaikemetninetn dlmsn KK y KKK hn lm E[FM. Las pmrtkdkpmetns fm`éme skha faspktmlkzmhas faspktmlkzmhas par KD ne las =0 insns metnrkarns y nstm`me ne BHIX nstm`ln hurmetn 8 snimems metns hn kekdkmr nl trmtmikneta dae kvm`rmhkem (=-8 (=-8).). Nl a`ontkva a`ontkva h hnn lm kvm`rmhkem ns lm grndunedkm dmrhémdm, y nl `nengkdka hn lm kvm`rmhkem rnsultm hn uem rnhuddkôe hn lm grndunedkm dmrhémdm. Tke ni`mrba, sala nl 0> % hn las pmdknetns nstuhkmhas ne TFKGX rndk`éme hasks ôptkims hn tnrmpkm dae `ntm`laqunmetns. `ntm`laqunmet ns. Hmhas las `nengkdkas hn iartmlkhmh `kne pra`mhas hn lm tnrmpkm dae `ntm`laqunmetns, nstas mbnetns hn`ne kekdkmrsn y muinetmrsn m hasks a`ontkva, snbÿe sn talnrn, metns hn nvmlumr lm grndunedkm dmrhémdm rnstmetn pmrm daeskhnrmr daeskhnrmr nl kekdka hn kvm`rmhkem ((>>, 7).
2.4.;.0. Xrmtmikneta gmrimdalôbkda hn lm KDGNr nstmhka D? hkbaxkem
Pndainehmdkôe pmrm nl Xrmtmikneta Gmrimdalôbkda hn lm KDGNr Nstmhka D? Hkbaxkem Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lm rndainehmdkôe sn rnsuine ne nlTuplninet nl Tuplninetas as hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKÔE
0`
@P
=. Ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG sketaiítkdm m pnsmr hn BHIX (a qun ea punhne talnrmr BHIX), sn pahrém daeskhnrmr lm hkbaxkem pmrm hksikeukr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par FG (= (=,0).
Tkeapsks Fmstm lm gndfm, sala fm fm`kha = NDM m brme nsdmlm hn hkbaxkem ne pmdknetns dae KD (= (=). Nstn nesmya, me metnrkar ml BHIX mdtuml, kesdrk`kô prkedkpmlinetn m pmdknetns dae KD hn dlmsn KK m KKK hn lm E[FM y iastrô qun nl trmtmikneta dae hkbaxkem hurmetn 0 m > mýas ea tuva ngndta sa`rn lm iartmlkhmh, pnra rnhuoa iahnstminetn nl rknsba dai`kemha hn iunrtn y faspktmlkzmdkôe. Nl nesmya tmipada nedaetrô ue ngndta skbekgkdmtkva sa`rn lm l m dmlkhmh hn vkhm rnlmdkaemhm dae lm smluh ne ue su`daeoueta hn las pmdknetns hnl nesm nesmya (4 (4). Nl ngndta hn lm hkbaxkem ne lms faspktmlkzmdkaens fm skha rnspmlhmha par meílksks rntraspndtkvas y intmeílksks (0 (0,8-7). 8-7). Mhniís, las ns nstuhkas tuhkas a`snrvmdkaemlns y las meílksks rntraspndtkvas fme hniastrmha uem inoarém ne las séetaims y lm talnrmedkm ml nonrdkdka ne pmdknetns dae KD hn lnvn m iahnrmhm3 ske ni`mrba, tknene
ne su imyarém iastrô gmltm hn `nengkdka hn iartmlkhmh a muineta hn lm iartmlkhmh msadkmhm dae hkbaxkem (2 ( 2). Nl `nengkdka ne pmdknetns da dae e BHIX mdtuml ea nstí dlmra parqun lm imyarém hn las nesmyas prndnhknrae m BHIX mdtuml. Zar la tmeta, nl usa hn hkbaxkem rnquknrn prndmudkôe ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y sn rnsnrvm pmrm mqunllas qun daetkeÿme sketaiítkdas m pnsmr hn lm aptkikzmdkôe hn BHIX.
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe Lm hkbaxkem bnenrmlinetn sn kekdkm dae uem hasks `mom parqun rmrm vnz sn rnquknrne hasks iís mltms ne nl trmtmikneta hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y sae patnedkmlinetn pnrouhkdkmlns. Has meílksks rntraspndtkvas hn nesmyas dléekdas m brme nsdmlm fme iastrmha uem rnlmdkôe lkenml netrn lm iartmlkhmh y lm hkbaxkem sërkdm.
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
daednetrmdkôe ne pmdknetns dae gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr y ne rknsba hn mddkhnetn dnrn`ravmsdulmr, kedlukhas mqunllas dae kesugkdknedkm k esugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, y ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. Nl rknsba hn iunrtn sn msadkô hn garim kehnpnehknetn dae lm daednetrmdkôe sërkdm hn hkbaxkem, a`snrvíehasn ue rknsba skbekgkdmtkvminetn imyar ne mqunllas dae daednetrm daednetrmddka kaens ens hn $ =,0 eb/iL y $ =,7 eb/iL (6 ( 6,;). Nl `nengkdka hn lm hkbaxkem ne pmdknetns dae KD skbun skneha daetravnrtkha. Tn nspnrm qun BHIX sn aptkikdn metns hn daeskhnrmr lm mhkdkôe hn hkbaxkem. Tn fm hniastrmha nipnarmikneta dléekda hnspuës hn lm hn lm rntkrmhm hn hkbaxkem ((=: =:).). Lm tnrmpkm dae hkbaxkem punhn daetkeumrsn ne musnedkm hn uem daetrmkehkdmdkôe a suspnehnrsn.
daetkeuô dae dmutnlm (== (==).). Nl trmtm trmtmikneta ikneta dae hkbaxkem sunln kekdkmrsn y imetnenrsn m uem hasks hn :,=0> m :,0> ib ml hém. Tn hn`ne usmr hasks `moms (:,=0> ib ml hém a ne héms mltnreas) kekdkmlinetn sk nl pmdknetn tknen iís hn 2: mýas, tknen guedkôe rneml mltnrmhm a tknen uem imsm darparml imbrm `mom. Lms hasks iís mltms (p. no., hkbaxkem hn :,42> m :,>: ib ml hém) rmrm vnz sn usme a sn endnsktme ne nl trmtmikneta hn pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. 2.4.;.4. Xrmtmikneta gmrimdalôbkda pmrm lm ntmpm D FGrNG? nstkiulmharns salu`lns hn bumeklkl dkdlmsm
Pndainehmdkôe pmrm nl trmtmikneta gmrimdalôbkda hn lm ntmpm D FGrNG? nstkiulmharns salu`lns hn bumeklkl dkdlmsm Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lm rndainehmdkôe sn rnsuine ne nlTuplninetas nl Tuplninetas hn hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKÔE
0`
@P
=. Ne pmdknetns snlnddkaemhas hn mlta rknsba dae FGrNG y nipnarmikneta rndknetn hn FG qun ym nstíe ne BHIX, sn punhn daeskhnrmr ue nstkiulmhar hn bumeklmta dkdlmsm salu`ln arml (vnrkdkbumt) pmrm rnhudkr lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par FG y lm iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr (= (=).
Tkeapsks Ne pmdknetns dae prabrnskôe hn FGrNG m pnsmr hn BHIX, las eunvas mbnetns tnrmpëutkdas punhne tnenr ue pmpnl. Nl nstkiulmhar hn bumeklkl dkdlmsm salu`ln par vém arml (p. no., vnrkdkbumt) sn uen hkrndtminetn y nstkiulm lm sBD y muinetm lm prahuddkôe hn dBIZ. dBIZ tknen vmrkas ngndtas patnedkmlinetn `nengkdkasas ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, kedlukhm lm vmsahklmtmdkôe, lm inoarm hn lm guedkôe nehatnlkml, msé daia lm hksikeudkôe hn lm gk`rasks y lm rniahnlmdkôe hnl darmzôe. darmzôe.0-2 0-2).). Nl nesmya WKDXAPKM (Nstuhka bla`ml hn Wnrkdkbumt ne suontas dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm) mlnmtarkzô m >:>: pmdknetns hn imyar rknsba dae nipnarmikneta hn lm KDGNr m vnrkdkbumt vnrsus plmdn`a plmdn`a ( (==).
ektrmtas hn mddkôe pralaebmhm, dae ZMT ,> % dae vnrkdkbumt ne daipmrmdkôe dae nl 46,> % dae plmdn`a (FP, :,;:3 ZMBT¼:.:=;). Lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms sn prahuoa ne nl 0:,4 % hnl brupa hn vnrkdkbumt y ne nl 0=,0 % hnl brupa hn plmdn`a (FP, :,;>3 KD hnl ;> %, :,68-=,:23ZMBT¼:,46) y nl daipunsta hn iunrtn par dumlquknr dmusm u faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD tmi`këe gun inear ne nl brupa hn vnrkdkbumt vnrsus nl brupa hn plmdn`a (DPK, :,;:3 KD ;> %, :,64—:,;63ZMBT¼:,:0). Lm rnhuddkôe hnl rknsba rnlmtkva hnl =: % ne nl rnsultmha prkimrka gun
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe
inear hn la nspnrmha, kedlusa ne uem pa`lmdkôe hn imyar rknsba. Muequn ea nstmhéstkdminetn skbekgkdmtkvm, lm fkpatneskôe sketaiítkdm (;,= % grnetn m 2,; %3ZMBT¼:,=0) y séedapn (8,:% grnetn m 4,>%3ZMBT¼:,4:) gunrae euiërkdminetn supnrkarns ne nl brupa hn vnrkdkbumt grnetn m plmdn`a. Fu`a fntnrabnenkhmh par meílksks hn su`brupas, y las pmdknetns ne nl dumrtkl iís mlta hnl su`brupa EX-pra@EZ (ekvnl hn EX pra@EZ5 >4=8 pb/iL) ea sn `nengkdkmrae hn vnrkdkbumt ne daipmrmdkôe dae nl plmdn`a.
=. Las pmdknetns dae FGrNG ne nl nesmya WKDXAPKM tneéme GNWK %, E[FM dlmsn KK m KW, nstm`me ne BHIX, dae pëptkhas emtrkurëtkdas nlnvmhas (@EZ $ 4:: pb / iL a EXpra@EZ $ =::: pb / iL sk ne rktia skeusml3 puetas hn dartn iís mltas dae GM), y nipnarmikneta rndknetn hn lm KD (faspktmlkzmhas ne las ÿltkias 7 insns a qun fmyme rndk`kha trmtmikneta hkurëtkda ketrmvneasa rndknetninetn ske faspktmlkzmdkôe). Zmdknetns ne
n>>
n>7
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
GKB^PM 2Xnrmpkms iëhkdms mhkdkaemlns pmrm pmdknetns dae FGrNG
Las dalarns darrnspaehne m DAP neXm`lm neXm`lm 00.Tn .Tn iunstrme iunstrme rndainehmdkaens pmrm tnrmpkms iëhkdms mhkdkaemlns qun punhne daeskhnrmrsn pmrm pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. BHIX kehkdm tnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms3 KD, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 FGF, faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 FGrNG, kesug kesugkdknedkm kdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm3 KW, ketrmvneasa3 GNWK? grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha3 LWNTH? hkineskôe tnlnskstôlkdm hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha3 IW, vílvulm iktrml3 PI, kesugkdknedkm iktrml3 EZ, pëptkha emtrkurëtkda3 ETP, rktia skeusml eariml3 y E[FM, Msadkmdkôe hnl Darmzôe hn Eunvm [arc3 PMMTk, kefk`kharns hnl skstnim rnekem-mebkatneskem-mlhastnrae rnekem-mebkatneskem-mlhastnraem. m.
2.8. Hkspasktkvas y tnrmpkms ketnrvnedkaekstms pmrm FGrNG
2.8.=. KDH y DPX
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm HMK y XPD Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
=
M
Hndlmrmdkôe hn vmlar? vmlar mlta (M)
=
@P
PNDAINEHMDKAENT =. Ne pmdknetns dae IDH ea ksquëikdm a dmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm ml ineas 8: héms hnspuës hn ue KI dae GNWK£4>% y séetaims hn dlmsn KK a KKK hn lm E[FM ne BHIX drôekda, qun tknene uem nxpndtmtkvm rmzaem`ln hn supnrvkvnedkm skbekgkdmtkvm hurmetn5 = mýa, sn rndaiknehm lm tnrmpkm dae HMK pmrm lm prnvnedkôe prkimrkm hn lm TDH pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh tatml (=-; ( =-;).).
0. ^e HMK trmesvneasa prapardkaem ue mlta vmlar ndaeôikda ne lm prnvnedkôe prkimrkm hn lm ITD, nspndkmlinetn dumeha nl rknsba hn iunrtn hnl pmdknetn dmusmha par mrrktikm vnetrkdulmr sn daeskhnrm mlta y nl rknsba hn iunrtn ea mrrétikdm (ym snm dmrhémdm a ea dmrhémdm) sn daeskhnrm `moa ne guedkôe hn lm dmrbm hn trm`moa hnl pmdknetn. daiar`klkhmhns y nstmha guedkaeml (=:-=> (=:-=>).). 4. Ne pmdknetns ml ineas 8: héms hnspuës hn ue KI dae GNWK£4:% y séetaims hn dlmsn K hn lm E[FM iknetrms rndk`ne BHIX, qun tknene uem nxpndtmtkvm rmzaem`ln hn supnrvkvnedkm skbekgkdmtkvm hurmetn5 = mýa, sn rndaiknehm lm tnrmpkm dae HMK pmrm lm prnvnedkôe prkimrkm hn lm TDH pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh tatml (7 (7).
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
n>2
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
(daetkeumha) =
@P
Hndlmrmdkôe hn vmlar? vmlar mlta (@-EP)
8. Zmrm pmdknetns qun tknene GNWK£4>%, rktia skeusml, `laquna hn rmim kzquknrhm (@PK) dae hurmdkôe ]PT‡=>: is y séetaims hn dlmsn KK, KKK a KW mi`ulmtarkas hn lm E[FM ne BHIX, lm XPD nstí kehkdmhm pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh tatml, rnhudkr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens y inoarmr las séetaims y lm DhW (=7-0= (=7-0=).).
>. Zmrm pmdknetns tknene GNWK£4>%, rktia skeusml, @PK dae uemprapardkaem hurmdkôe ]PT hn‡=>: y dlmsn E[FM Téetaims KK, KKK aqun KW mi`ulmtarkas ne BHIX, lm kiplmetmdkôe hn XPD ue mlta vmlaris ndaeôikda (00-022). (00-0
0m
@P
7. Zmrm pmdknetns qun tknene GNWK£4>%, rktia skeusml, pmtrôe ea @PK dae hurmdkôe ]PT‡=>: is y séetaims hn dlmsn KK, KKK a dlmsn KW hn lm E[FM ne BHIX, lm XPD punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh tatml, rnhudkr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens y inoarmr las séetaims y lm DhW (=7-0= (=7-0=,,06-44 06-44).).
0m
@P
2. Ne pmdknetns dae `laquna dmrhémda daiplnta a hn mlta brmha y GNWK hnl 47 % ml >: %, lm XPD ns rmzaem`ln pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh tatml, rnhudkr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens y inoarmr las séetaims y lm DhW (48 ( 48,,4> 4>).).
0m
@-EP
6. Zmrm pmdknetns qun tknene GNWK£4> %, rktia skeusml, @PK dae uem hurmdkôe hn ]PT hn =0: m =8; is y séetaims dlmsn KK, KKK a KW mi`ulmtarkas hn lm E[FM ne BHIX, lm XPD punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh tatml, rnhudkr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens y inoarmr las séetaims y lm DhW (=7-0= ( =7-0=,,0606-44 44).).
0m
@-EP
0m
@-EP
=:. Zmrm pmdknetns ne BHIX qun tknene LWNG£4> % y sn lns nstí daladmeha ue hkspasktkva eunva a hn rnniplmza dae ue rnqukskta metkdkpmha hn nstkiulmdkôe vnetrkdulmr skbekgkdmtkvm (5 8: %), lm XPD punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh tatml, rnhudkr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens y inoarmr las séetaims y lm DhW (=7-0= (=7-0=,,06-44 06-44).).
0m
@-EP
==. Ne pmdknetns dae ikadmrhkapmtém mrrktiabëekdm bneëtkdm dae dmrmdtnréstkdms hn mlta rknsba hn iunrtn sÿ`ktm, dae GN£ 8>%, lm kiplmetmdkôe hn HMK ns rmzaem`ln pmrm hksikeukr lm iunrtn sÿ`ktm (47 (47,,42 42).).
0`
@-EP
=0. Zmrm pmdknetns qun tknene GNWK£4>%, rktia skeusml, ue pmtrôe ske @PK dae uem hurmdkôe hn ]PT hn =0: m =8; is, y dlmsn KKK hn lm E[FM a dlmsn KW mi`ulmtarkm ne BHIX, sn punhn daeskhnrmr lm XPD pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh tatml, rnhudkr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens y inoarmr las séetaims y lm DhW (=7-0= ( =7-0=,,06-44 06-44).).
0`
@-EP
=4. Zmrm pmdknetns qun tknene GNWK£4:%, dmusm ksquëikdm hn KD, rktia skeusml, @PK dae hurmdkôe ]PT‡=>: is y séetaims hn dlmsn K hn lm E[FM ne BHIX, sn punhn daeskhnrmr lm XPD pmrm rnhudkr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens y inoarmr las séetaims y lm DhW (= (=7-0= 7-0=,,06-44 06-44).).
;. Ne pmdknetns dae GM y GNWK£4>% ne BHIX, lm XPD punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh tatml, inoarmr las séetaims y lm dmlkhmh hn vkhm, y muinetmr lm GNWK, sk? m) nl pmdknetn rnquknrn nstkiulmdkôe vnetrkdulmr a duipln dae las drktnrkas hn XPD y `) lm m`lmdkôe hnl eôhula murkdulavnetrkdulmr a nl daetral gmrimdalôbkda hn lm grndunedkm pnriktkríe dmsk Nstkiulmdkôe vnetrkdulmr ml =::% dae XPD (=7-0= (=7-0=,,06-44 06-44).).
=8. Ne pmdknetns dae ]PT . Zmrm pmdknetns dae séetaims hn dlmsn K a KK hn lm E[FM y pmtrôe ske @PK dae hurmdkôe hnl ]PT : is, ea sn rndaiknehm lm XPD (= (=7-0= 7-0=,,06-44 06-44).).
4? Tke `nengkdka
D-LH
=7. Zmrm pmdknetns duyms daiar`klkhmhns a grmbklkhmh lkiktme lm supnrvkvnedkm dae `unem dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml m .7.: HXH -OMD0;=:0Qpraag - 08 hn imrza hn 0:00 - =>?48 - dn
n>6
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
DMTF (Dmrhkmd Mrrnst Ttuhy Fmi`urb) y DKHT (Dmemhkme Kiplmetm`ln Hngk`rkllmtar TtuhyT), sn a`snrvô ue `nengkdka ne mqunllas qun gunrae mlnmtarkzmhas m HMK (=-4 ( =-4).). Lunba sn hniastrô niastrô lm nxtneskôe hnl `nengkdka ne atrms pa`lmdkaens hn pmdknetns qun tneéme ue rknsba pnrdk`kha hn ITD. Ne nl prkinr nesmya IMHKX (Iultkdnetnr Mutaimtnh Hngk`rkllmtar Kiplmetmtkae Xrkml), las pmdknetns dae kegmrta hn ikadmrhka prnvka, GNWK ≮ 4> % dae XW ea sastnekhm tuvknrae ue `nengkdka Za`lmdkaenss skiklmrns ne I^TXX hn iartmlkhmh dae HMK (8 ( 8). Za`lmdkaen (nesmya iultkdëetrkda hn tmqukdmrhkm ea sastnekhm) tmi`këe iastrmrae `nengkdkas (> (>). Ne IMHKXIMHKX-KK KK (Iultkdnetnr Mutaimtkd Hngk`rkllmtar Kiplmetmtkae Xrkml KK), las pmdknetns ske dmlkgkdmhar hn mrrktikm pnra dae kegmrtas hn ikadmrhka prnvkas y GNWK ≮ 4: % sn `nengkdkmrae hnl HMK (7 ( 7). Nl nstuhka HNGKEKXN (Hngk`rkllmtars ke Eae-Ksdfnikd Dmrhkaiyapmtfy Xrnmtinet Nvmlumtkae) kedluyô sala pmdknetns ea ksquëikdas dae GNWK # 4>% y daetrmddkaens vnetrkdulmrns prnimturms (ZWD) grndunetns a tmqukdmrhkm vnetrkdulmr (XW) ea sastnekhm (2 (2). Fu`a uem tnehnedkm ml `nengkdka hn lm iartmlkhmh, pnra gkemlinetn ea mldmezô skb kbekgkdmdkôe. ekgkdmdkôe. Ne TDH-FNGX (Tuhhne Dmrhkmd Hnmtf ke Fnmrt Gmklurn Xrkml), las pmdknetns dae ikadmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm y ea ksquëikdm, GNWK ≮ 4> % n KD hn dlmsn KK m KKK iastrmrae ue `nengkdka dae ue HMK ne daipmrmdkôe dae mikahmraem a plmdn`a (6 (6). Iís rndknetninetn, nl nesmya HMEKTF (Kiplmetmdkôe hn hnsgk`rklmhar ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm skstôlkdm ea ksquëikdm) kes kesdrk`kô drk`kô m pmdknetns dae ikadmrhkapmtém ea ksquëikdm y GNWK ≮ 4> % pmrm HMK a mtnedkôe nstíehmr (; (;). Ea fu`a rnhuddkôe ne nl pueta gkeml prkimrka hn iartmlkhmh tatml, pnra fu`a uem rnhuddkôe ne nl rknsba hn TDH. Ne nl nesmya HMEKTF, nl >6 % hn las pmdknetns hn dmhm nxtrnikhmh rndk`knrae XPD, la qun pask`lninetn iktkbô nl `nengkdka hn ue HMK.
0. Las rnsultmhas ndaeôikdas hnl kiplmetn hn HMK pmrm lm prnvnedkôe prkimrkm hn lm ITD sn nvmlumrae ne 4 NDM (IMHKX-K S=>YY y TTDH-FnGX DH-FnGX S=0 S=0Y), Y), = nstuhka nstuhka a a`snrvmdkaeml `snrvmdkaeml ((=: =: S=4Y, =4Y, IMHKX-KK S=> ), y 4 iahnlas hn hn sk skiulmdkôe iulmdkôe ((== ==,,=8, =8,80), 80), tahas las dumln dumlnss tuvknrae rnsultmhas bnenrmlinetn daeskstnetns. Xahas las nstuhkas kegarimrae uem imyar supnrvkvnedkm y nspnrmezm hn vkhm y imyarns dastas hn par vkhm hn lm mtnedkôe iëhkdm dae ue HMK qun ske ue HMK. Las éehkdns hn dasta-ngndtkvkhmh kedrninetmlns gunrae bnenrmlinetn %, ]PT5 =0: is, y iastrô uem rnhuddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm ne nl pueta gkeml y prkimrka hn iunrtn u faspktmlkzmdkôe (=6 (=6).). Ne nl nesmya PNWNPTN (Pnsyedfraekzmtkae Pnvnrsns Pniahnlkeb ke Tystalkd Lngt Wnetrkdulmr Hysguedtkae), las pmdknetns dae dae dlmsn K m KK hn lm E[FM y GNWK e.¿ 8: % sn mlnmtarkzmrae pmrm rndk`kr XPD-H hurmetn = mýa y XPD-H X PD-H ketnrruipkhm hurmetn = mýa a vkdnvnrsm (=; ( =;).). ^e pueta gkeml daipunsta hn FG gun ineas daiÿe dumeha sn mdtkvô lm XPD. IMHKX-DPX rnbkstrô KD hn dlmsn K y KK hn E[FM dae GNWK G NWK # # 4:% y ]PT $ =4: is y daipmrô lm XPD-H dae HMK (0: ( 0:).). Nl drktnrka prkedkpml hn vmlarmdkôe hn iunrtn a KD sn rnhuoa par DPX-H. Nl nesmya PMGX (Pnsyedfraekzmtkae-Hngk`rkllmtkae gar Mi`ulmtary Fnmrt Gmklurn) mskbeô ml mskbeô ml mzmr m pmdknetns dae KD dlmsn KK m KKK hn lm E[FM, GNWK # 4: %, ]PT 5 =0: is a ]PT nstkiulmha $ 0:: is y daipmrô XPD-H dae HMK (0= (0=).). Eunvminetn, fu`a uem rnhuddkôe ne nl pueta gkeml prkimrka hn iunrtn u faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD.
>. Nl vmlar ndaeôikda hn DPX fm skha nvmlumha par 4 NDM (DAIZMEKAE S00Y, 00Y, IMHKX-DPX S07 S07YY y PNXPADNT PNXPADNTA A SS04 04Y), Y), 0 meílksks `msmhas `msm has ne iahnlas (0> (0>,,02), y = nstuhka a`snrvmdkaeml ((08 08).). Nstas Nstas mme eílk ílksks sks nedaetrmrae daeskstnetninet daeskstnetninetnn qun lm DPX muinetô lm supnrvkvnedkm y lm dmlkhmh hn vkhm mhniís hn muinetmr las dastas hn mtnedkôe iëhkdm. Tke ni`mrba, nl vmlar ndaeôikda hn lm XPD pra`m`lninetn vmrén daia rnsultmha hn lm vmrkmdkôe iastrmhm ne nl ngndta hnl trmtmikneta (07 (07).). Netrn lms pa`lmdkaens pa`lmdkaens da dae e uem imyar rnhuddkôe nspnrmhm hn lm iartmlkhmh y uem inoarém ne lm DhW, daia las pmdknetns dae @PKFF
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
dae hurmdkôe ]PT 5 =>: is, nl dasta par ]ML[ ns : is tmi`këe gun ue prnhkdtar hn rnspunstm, y ne mqunllas ske @PK, uem ZP pralaebmhm prnhkoa `nengkdka ne IMHKX-DPX pnra ea ne PNWNPTN (44 (44).). 2. Tn fm vksta lm nxtneskôe hnl `nengkdka m mqunllas dae LWNG netrn 4>% y >:%. Ne nl nesmya @LADC-FG (@kvnetrkdulmr vnrsus Pkbft Wnetrkdulmr Zmdkeb ke Fnmrt Gmklurn), pmdknetns dae KD hn dlmsn K m KKK hn lm E[FM, GNWK # >: % y `laquna murkdulavnetrkdulmr mskbemhas ml mzmr m nstkiulmdkôe hnl WH a XPD, fu`a ue `nengkdka hn lm XPD ne lm rnhuddkôe hn lm rnsultmha prkimrka hn iunrtn, vksktm urbnetn par KD a muineta hnl =>% ne nl valuine skstôlkda gkeml hnl WK (48 (48).). 6. Ne las nesmyas hn DPX inedkaemhas metnrkarinetn, fu`a mlbÿe `nengkdka pmrm mqunllas dae @PK y ]PT hn hurmdkôe netrn =0: y =8;, pnra ea tmeta daia pmrm mqunllas dae @PK hn $ =>: is (=2 ( =2,, 06-40). 06-40). ;. Wmrkas nesmyas fme kedlukha pmdknetns dae GM. Ne nl I^TXKD MG (8>),), y (Nstkiulmdkôe Iultksktka ne Ikadmrhkapmtéms) (88 (88),), @MLTM (8> 87 nl TZMPN (Gk` (Gk`rklmdkôe rklmdkôe y Pnske Pnskedraekzmdkôe draekzmdkôe Murkdulmr Nspmýalm) ((87 ), fu`a `nengkdkas ne pmdknetns dae GM, iknetrms qun qun ne ne DAIZMEKAE (82 (82),), lm GM mtneuô nl `nengkdka hn lm XPD. Ne nl nstuhka ZMWN (Zast (Zast MW MW Eahml M`lmtkae Nvmlumtkae), las pmdknetns dae dlmsn KK m KKK hn lm E[FM, uem GNWK inhkm hnl 87 % y GM saintkhas m m`lmdkôe hnl eôhula murkdulavnetrkdulmr, lm XPD inoarô lm prun`m hn imrdfm hn 7 ikeutas y lm GNWK ne daipmrmdkôe dae las qun rndk`knrae imrdmpmsas WH (4> (4>).). =:. Ne pmdknetns ne las qun sn nspnrm uem mltm dmrbm hn nstkiulmdkôe vnetrkdulmr, nspndkmlinetn sk 5 8: %, sn punhn utklkzmr lm XPD pmrm rnhudkr lm iartmlkhmh, rnhudkr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens y inoarmr las séetaims séetaims y lm y lm DhW (4> ( 4>,,86). 86).
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
==. Khnetkgkdmdkôe hn vmrkmetns bneëtkdms mrrktiabëekdms nspndégkdms daiaLIEM/D,lms pratnéems hnsiasôikdms, nl gasgalmi`me y lm gklmikem-D tknene kiplkdmdkaens pmrm nl kiplmetn hn HMK pmrm lm prnvnedkôe prkimrkm hn lm iunrtn sÿ`ktm kedlusa ne pmdknetns dae GNWK 5 4>%, a %, ske @PK y dae uem hurmdkôe hnl ]PT hn =0: m =8; is y dlmsn KKK hn lm E[FM m dlmsn KW mi`ulmtarkm ea a`tuvknrae tmeta `nengkdka daia mqunllas dae @PK ≮ =0: is (=2 (=2,,06-40 06-40).). =4. Nl nesmya IMHKX-DPX kedluyô E[FM dlmsn K (y dlmsn KK) pmdknetns dae dmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm, GNWK # 4:% y ]PT 5 =4: is (4; (4;).). Las pmdknetns dae dae i ikadmrhkapmtém kadmrhkapmtém ea ksquëikdm sn kesdrk`knrae sk tneéme KD hn dlmsn KK hn lm E[FM. =8. Tn fm ketnetmha lm nxtneskôe hnl `nengkdka m las pmdknetns dae ]PT mebasta, pnra bnenrmlinetn fm grmdmsmha. Ne nl nesmya PNXFKE] (Xnrmpkm hn rnskedraekzmdkôe dmrhémdm ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y ]PT mebasta), las pmdknetns dae uem hurmdkôe hnl ]PT % y uem hurmdkôe hn ]PT # =4: is, y mskedraeém indíekdm ne lm ndadmrhkabrmgém sn mlnmtarkzmrae m DPX (>: ( >:).). Ea fu`a `nengkdka pmrm lm XPD ne nstn nesmya. [ ne nl nesmya LNTTNP-NMPXF (Nvmlumdkôe hn lm tnrmpkm hn rnskedraekzmdkôe rnskedraekzmdkôe pmrm lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm), las pmdknetns dae hksguedkôe brmvn hnl WK y ]PT = (>=).). Nl EMPPAR-DPX (Emrraw ]PT Ksdfnikd Zmtknets Xrnmtnh Rktf Dmrhkmd Pnskedfraekzmtkae Xfnrmpy) gun nl ÿekda nesm nesmya ya qun iastrô ue `nengkdka ne uem puetumdkôe dléekdm daipunstm ne pmdknetns dae kehkdmdkôe hn HMK y ]PT 0 ( >0).).
=>. Nl meílksks hn su`brupas hn las nesmyas hn DPX ea iastrô ekebÿe `nengkdka pmrm mqunllas dae GNWK ≮ 4> %, ske @PK netrn =0: y =8; n KD hn dlmsn K-KK hn lm E[FM E[FM ((=2 =2,,06 06-40 -40).). =7. Lm supnrvkvnedkm hn = mýa ns uem kedluskôe nstíehmr pmrm las nesmyas 7-0=).). hn KDH y DPX (=-; (=-;,,=7-0=
n>;
n7:
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
GKB^PM 6Mlbarktia pmrm Kehkdmdkaens hn XPD ne Zmdknetns dae Ikadmrhkapmtém a KDGNP
Las dalarns darrnspaehne m DAP ne neXm`lm 0. 0.Tn iunstrme rndainehmdkaens pmrm lm tnrmpkm hn rnskedraekzmdkôe dmrhémdm (XPD). MG kehkdm gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr3 Mi`, mi`ulmtarka3 ID, ikadmrhkapmtém3 BHIX, tnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms3 F@, `laquna dmrhkmda3 KD, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 FGrNG, kesugkdkne kesugkdknedkm dkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm3 @PK? `laquna hn rmim kzquknrhm3 WK, vnetrédula kzquknrha3 GNWK? grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha3 ETP, rktia skeusml eariml3 E[FM, Msadkmdkôe hnl Darmzôe hn Eunvm [arc3 y PW, vnetrédula hnrndfa.
2.8.0. Atrms ketnrvnedkaens nlëdtrkdms kiplmetm`lns
nstkiulmdkôe enrvkasm gunrae pasktkvas, nl nesmya iís brmehn y iís
Lm iahulmdkôe hnl skstnim enrvkasa mutôeaia ns ketrkbmetn daia trmtmikneta pmrm lm FGrNG hn`kha m lm imyar rnspunstm skipítkdm y lm hksikeudkôe hn lm rnspunstm pmrmskipítkdm ne lm FG.= FG.=). Las nesmyas h nesmyas hnn hkspasktkva hn nstkiulmdkôe hnl enrvka vmba, lm iëhulm nspkeml y las `mrarrndnptarns fme tnekha rnspunstms ikxtms ((00). Lm GHM mpra`ô ue hkspasktkva kiplmetm`ln qun nstkiulm nlëdtrkdminetn las `mrarrndnptarns hn lm mrtnrkm dmrôtkhm pmrm inoarmr las séetaims ne pmdknetns dae KD mvmezmhm qun ea sae s ae mptas pmrm nl trmtmikneta dae atras hkspasktkvas hn KD, kedlukhm lm XPD. Ne ue NDM iultkdëetrkda praspndtkva dae ue tatml hn 8:6 pmdknetns dae KD mdtuml a rndknetn
rndknetn ea iastrô uem rnhuddkôe ne lm iartmlkhmh y lms
≮
hn dlmsn KKK hn lm E[FM, GN WK GNWK %, lm nstkiulmdkôe `mrarrndnptarns sn msadkô dae4> inoarms ne lm dmlkhmhhn hnlas vkhm, lm dmpmdkhmh hn nonrdkdka y las ekvnlns hn EX-pra@EZ (4 (4). Fmstm lm gndfm, ea fmy rnsultmhas hn tmsms hn iartmlkhmh u fa fasspktmlkzmdkôe hkspaek`lns dae nstn hkspasktkva. Muequn las prkinras nesmyas hn
faspktmlkzmdkaens p faspktmlkzmdkaens par ar KD ((88). Las nstuhkas hn imrdmpmsas hnl WK ne iÿltkplns sktkas g sktkas g unr nrae ae kekdkmlinetn praintnharns (> (>,7). Tke ni`mrba, las hmtas iís rndknetns ea fme daegkrimha nl `nengkdka, y nl nesmya hn gmsn 0 iís brmehn sn tnrikeô metns hn tknipa hn`kha m lm `mom pra`m` pra`m`klkhmh hn `nengkdka (2 (2). Tu imrdmpmsas hn fmz y hn fmz kzquknrha sae mtrmdtkvas parqun utklkzme nl skstnim hn daehuddkôe ketréesnda. Ne las hmtas hn a`snrvmdkôe, pmrndn fm`nr ue `nengkdka sa`rn lm nstkiulmdkôe hnl WH (6)3 ske ni`mrba, lms daipmrmdkaens dae DPX sae lkiktmhms (;,=: =:)). Lm iahulmdkôe hn lm daetrmdtklkhmh dmrhémdm (DDI), uem tnrmpkm `msmhm ne ue hkspasktkva qun daeskstn ne mplkdmr snýmlns nlëdtrkdms hn lmrbm hurmdkôe y valtmon rnlmtkvminetn mlta m lm pmrnh snptml hnl WH hurmetn nl pnréaha rngrmdtmrka m`saluta hnl ikadmrhka, sn fm msadkmha dae nl muineta hnl rnehkikneta daetrídtkl hnl WK. DDI nstí mpra`mha par lm GHM pmrm pmdknetns dae E[FM dlmsn KKK dae LWNG hn 0>% m 8>% qun ea
vmbus
sae dmehkhmtas pmrm DPX.
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
n7=
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
Dumtra NDM fme iastrmha `nengkdkas ne lm dmpmdkhmh hn nonrdkdka y lm DhW pnra,
2.8.4. Pnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe par DMH
fmstm nl iaineta, ekebÿe `nengkdka ne iunrtn u faspktmlkzmdkaens (==-=8 (==-=8).). Lm imyarém hn imyarém hn las pmdknetns ne nstas nesmyas tneéme KDD hn dlmsn KKK (4 (4).
Pndainehmdkôe pmrm rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe par DMH Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lm rndainehmdkôe sn rnsuine ne nlTuplninet nl Tuplninetas as hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKÔE
=
@P
=. Ne pmdknetns snlnddkaemhas dae KD, GN rnhudkhm (GN£4>%) y uem memtaiém daraemrkm mhndumhm, lm rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe qukrÿrbkdm iís BHIX ns `nengkdkasm pmrm inoarmr las séetaims, lms faspktmlkzmdkaens dmrhkavmsdulmrns y lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms m lmrba plmza (=-6 (=-6).).
Tkeapsks Lm DMH sn msadkm daiÿeinetn dae FG, la qun rnquknrn rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe ne pmdknetns snlnddkaemhas dae mebkem a séetaims hn FG. Las hmtas hnl nesmya TXKDF iastrmrae qun, ne daipmrmdkôe dae nl trmtmikneta iëhkda ôptkia sala, lm dkrubém DM@B iís BHIX ea rnhuoa nl drktnrka prkedkpml hn vmlarmdkôe hn iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms ne uem inhkmem hn >7 insns3 ske ni`mrba, m las =: mýas hn snbukikneta, DM@BõBHIX hka daia rnsultmha rnhuddkaens skbekgkdmtkvms ne lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms l ms dmusms, lm iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr y lm iunrtn par dumlquknr dmusm u faspktmlkzmdkôe dmrhkavmsdulmr ne pmdknetns dae GNWK # 4>% y ikadmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm (2 (2,6). Mhniís, ue meílksk meílkskss rntraspndtkva rntraspndtkva iastrô rnhuddkaens skbekgkdmtkvms ne lms prkinrms y rndurrnetns faspktmlkzmdkaens par tahms lms dmusms, dmrhkavmsdulmrns y par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm m las =: mýas ne pmdknetns qun rndk`knrae DM@Bõtrmtmikneta iëhkda ôptkia ne daipmrmdkôe dae nl trmtmikne trmtmikn eta iëhkda ôptkia sala ((00). @nengkdkas skiklmrns hn lm rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe inhkmetn ketnrvnedkôe daraemrkm pnrdutíenm, ne nstm dafartn, mÿe ea sn fme hniastrmha ne ue NDM, muequn nl nesmya PNWKWNH-@DKT0 (Nstuhka hn ngkdmdkm y snburkhmh hn lm ketnrvnedkôe daraemrkm pnrdutíenm pmrm inoarmr lm supnrvkvnedkm ne kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm), qun daipmrm lm ketnrvnedkôe daraemrkm
inoarm lm dmlkhmh hn vkhm ne daipmrmdkôe dae BHIX s BHIX sala ala (4 (4). ^e NDM hn DM@B dai`kemha dae rniahnlmha vnetrkdulmr qukrÿrbkda ne daipmrmdkôe dae DM@B sala ea iastrô uem rnhuddkôe ne lm iunrtn u faspktmlkzmdkôe, ek inoarém ne las séetaims dae nl rniahnlmha vnetrkdulmr qukrÿrbkda (=> (=>).). Lm rniahnlm rniahnlmdkôe dkôe vnetrkdulmr qukrÿrbkdm rnmlkzmhm ne nl iaineta hn lm DM@B punhn snr ÿtkl ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ketrmtm`ln, trai`a brmehn a mrrktikms pnrskstnetns daia rnsultmha hn ue menurksim a dkdmtrkz `kne hngkekhas, sk atrms tnrmpkms sae kengkdmdns a nstíe daetrmkehkdmhms (= (=>,hkndksëks hkndksëks).). GKB^PM ;Xnrmpkms hn hkspasktkvas mhkdkaemlns
pnrdutíenm dae tnrmpkm iëhkdm ne uem pa`lmdkôe skiklmr, nstí ne ne dursa (; (;). Las hmtas rndknetns daetkeÿme iastrmeha ue `nengkdka hn lm DM@B sa`rn lm ketnrvnedkôe daraemrkm pnrdutíenm ne pmdknetns dae hkm`ntns, DMH y hksguedkôe hnl WK y ne pmdknetns dae DMH hnl traeda daraemrka kzquknrha y hksguedkôe hnl WK iahnrmhm a brmvn.8 brmvn.8,7 ,=:). =:).Gkbu Gkburm rm ;rnsuin lm rnvmsdulmrkzmdkôe y lms rndainehmdkaens hn tnrmpkm dae hkspasktkvas mhkdkaemlns. Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Tn fm hniastrmha qun lm DM@B inoarm las rnsultmhas ne pmdknetns dae negnrinhmh hnl traeda daraemrka kzquknrha a nqukvmlnetn hnl traeda daraemrka kzquknrha kzquknrha n KD ((==,8,=:-=8 =:-=8).). Nl snbukikneta m lmrba plmza iunstrm uem rnhuddkôe ne lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par tahms lms dmusms,
iunstrme rndainehmdkaens pmrm ketnrvnedkaens Las dalarns darrnspaehne m DAP neXm`lm neXm`lm 0.Tn 0.Tn iunstrme ea gmrimdëutkdms mhkdkaemlns qun punhne daeskhnrmrsn pmrm pmdknetns dae KD. BHIX kehkdm
dmrhkavmsdulmrnss y par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y ne lm iartmlkhmh par tahms dmrhkavmsdulmrn
tnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms3 KD, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 FGF, faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm
lms dmusms y dmrhkavmsdulmr ne pmdknetns dae hksguedkôe hnl W K qun rndk`ne
dmrhkmdm3 FGrNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm3 KW, ketrmvneasa3 GNWK?
DM@B y BHIX ne daipmrmdkôe dae BHIX BHIX s sa ala. la.0,2). Nl `nengkdka hn supnrvkvnedkm m lmrba plmza ns imyar ne mqunllas dae ikadmrhkapmtém ksquëikdm iís mvmezmhm (GN iís `mom a negnrinhmh hn 4 vmsas) y
grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha3 LWNTH? hkineskôe tnlnskstôlkdm hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha3 IW, vílvulm iktrml3 PI, kesugkdknedkm iktrml3 EZ, pëptkha emtrkurëtkda3 ETP, rktia skeusml eariml3 E[FM, Msadkmdkôe hnl Darmzôe hn Eunvm [arc3 y ZMTZ, prnskôe skstôlkdm hn lm mrtnrkm puliaemr.
hksikeuyn dae nl muineta hn lm nhmh.> nhmh.>,2). DM@B tmi`k tmi`këe
n70
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
2.>. Negnrinhmh dmrhémdm vmlvulmr
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm lm negnrinhmh dmrhémdm vmlvulmr
Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm.
DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
=
@P
=. Ne pmdknetns dae KD, lm WFH hn`n imenomrsn hn imenrm iultkhksdkplkemrkm hn mdunrha dae lms buéms hn prídtkdm dléekdm pmrm WFH pmrm prnvnekr nl nipnarmikneta hn lm KD K D y las rnsultmhas dléekdas mhvnrsas (=-== ( =-==).).
=
D-LH
0. Ne pmdknetns dae KI snduehmrkm brmvn drôekdm n KDGNP, sn rndaiknehm lm aptkikzmdkôe hn BHIX metns hn dumlquknr ketnrvnedkôe pmrm lm KI snduehmrkm rnlmdkaemhm dae lm hksguedkôe hnl WK (4-> ( 4->,,=0-=8 =0-=8).).
Tkeapsks BHIX sn mplkdm m tahas las pmdknetns dae FGrNG, kehnpnehknetninetn hn lm prnsnedkm hn WFH. Lm negnrinhmh vmlvulmr skbekgkdmtkvm rnquknrn uem nvmlumdkôe par pmrtn hn ue nqukpa iultkhksdkplkemrka dae nxpnrknedkm ne WFH, y nl imenoa hn`n
Nstneasks môrtkdm Ne pmdknetns dae nstneasks môrtkdm sketaiítkdm, lm rnpmrmdkôe trmesdmtëtnr y qukrÿrbkdm hn lm vílvulm môrtkdm punhn inoarmr lm supnrvkvnedkm, las séetaims y lm guedkôe hnl WK.=> WK.=>)). Tke ni`mrba, lm nlnddkôe hnl kiplmetn pnrdutíena hn vílvulm môrtkdm grnetn ml
pradnhnr hn mdunrha dae lms pmut pmutms ms hn WFH ((=> =>).). Pnburbktmdkôe iktrml Lm aptkikzmdkôe hn BHIX punhn inoarmr lm KI snduehmrkm msadkmhm dae lm hksguedkôe hnl WK y a`vkmr lm endnskhmh hn =8,,hkn hknddksëks ksëks,,=2). =2). Zar la tmeta, ns kipartmetn aptkikzmr ketnrvnedkôe.=8 ketnrvnedkôe. lm BHIX y rnnvmlumr lm PI metns hn lms ketnrvnedkaens hn WI. Las pmdknetns dae KI snduehmrkm brmvn pnrskstnetn m pnsmr hn lm BHIX punhne `nengkdkmrsn hn lm rnpmrmdkôe qukrÿrbkdm a trmesdmtëtnr, snbÿe nl nsdnemrka dléekda. Zar la tmeta, lm daevnrsmdkôe dnetrmhm ne nl pmdknetn dae ue nqukpa dmrhkavmsdulmr iultkhksdkplkemrka qun kedluyn ue dmrhkôlaba dae nxpnrknedkm ne KD ns nsnedkml ml daeskhnrmr lm ketnrvnedkôe hn WI (=> ( =>).). Tn fme rnmlkzmha has has NNDM DM hn rnpmrmdkôe trmesdmtëtnr hn nxtrnia m nxtrnia hn lm vílvulm iktrml (XNNP) ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG n KI snduehmrkm brmvn. Nl nesmya
rnniplmza qukrÿrbkda hn vílvulm môrtkdm sn `msm ne lm taim hn hndkskaens daipmrtkhm, lms kehkdmdkaens y lm nvmlumdkôe hnl pnrgkl hn rknsba/`nengkdka.004,08). NNll `nengkdka hn lm BHIX ne lm nstneasks rknsba/`nengkdka. môrtkdm ea snvnrm y lm FGrNG sn nstí nvmlumeha ne nl nesmya XMWP ^ELAMH (Pnniplmza hn vílvulm môrtkdm trmesdmtëtnr pmrm hnsdmrbmr nl vnetrédula kzquknrha ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm bnenrml, ml, lm BHIX sn daetkeÿm oueta dae lm mvmezmhm) (0> (0>).). Zar la bnenr vkbklmedkm dléekdm y lms kiíbnens ne pmdknetns dae nstneasks môrtkdm ea brmvn y GN rnhudkhm. Pnburbktmdkôe trkduspéhnm
DAMZX iastrô uem rnhuddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm ne lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms ne pmdknetns trmtmhas dae XNNP y BHIX ne daipmrmdkôe dae BHIX sala, iknetrms qun IKXPM-GP (Nstuhka iultkdëetrkda hn rnpmrmdkôe pnrdutíenm hn lm vílvulm iktrml IktrmDlkp Hnvkdn ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm iktrml snduehmrkm brmvn) ea iastrô ekebÿe `nengkdka. hn XNNP sa`rn BHIX ne lm rnhuddkôe hn lm iunrtn a lm faspktmlkzmdkôe (7 (7). Nspndégkdminetn, sn fm hniastrmha qun lm rnpmrmdkôe trmesdmtëtnr hn `arhn m `arhn hn lm WI ns `nengkdkasm ne pmdknetns dae séetaims pnrskstnetns m pnsmr hn BHIX, memtaiém mhndumhm ne lm ndadmrhkabrmgém trmesnsagíbkdm y dae GNWK netrn 0:% y >:%, LWNTH # 2: ii y prnskôe skstôlkdm hn lm mrtnrkm puliaemr # 2: ii Fb (7 ( 7) ( =:).). Nl imenoa ôptki ôptkia hn lm KI sn snduehmrkm duehmrkm punhn hnpnehnr Gkburm =: hnl brmha hn KI ne rnlmdkôe dae lm rniahnlmdkôe hnl WK (8 (8,>,=8 =8,,=6-00 ). Lm PI hnsprapardkae hnsprapardkaemhm (PI gunr gunrmm hn prapardkôe dae lm rniahnlmdkôe hnl LW) punhn rnspaehnr inoar m lms ketnrvnedkaens hn pradnhkikneta qun rnhudne lm PI, daia lm DPX, XNNP y lm dkrubém WI. Lm IP prapardkaeml punhn rnspaehnr m inhkhms qun rnvknrtne lm rniahnlmdkôe hnl LW y rnhudne las valÿinens hnl LW, daia BHIX y DPX.
Lm brmvnhmh hn lm kesugkdknedkm trkduspéhnm snduehmrkm punhn snr hkeíikdm, snbÿe lm guedkôe hnl PW y lm fkpnrtneskôe puliaemr, y nl trmtmikneta kiplkdm dnetrmrsn ne lms dmusms su`ymdnetns, daia lm fkpnrtneskôe puliaemr, lm kesugkdknedkm hnl PW y lm FGrNG. Lm hnrkvmdkôe ml nqukpa iultkhksdkplkemrka pmrm daeskhnrmr lm ketnrvnedkôe pahrém snr ÿtkl ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm trkduspéhnm rngrmdtmrkm.
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. WFH ns uem dmusm kipartmetn hn FG. Ne pmdknetns dae KD, nl imenoa hn lm WFH hn`n snr rnmlkzmha par ue nqukpa iultkhksdkplkemrka dae nxpnrknedkm ne KD y WFH, hn mdunrha dae lms buéms hn WFH (=> (=>).). Las dmrhkôlabas dae nxpn nxpnrknedkm rknedkm ne nl imenoa hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm sae pmrtn ketnbrml hnl nqukpa iultkhksdkplkemrka y buéme lm aptkikzmdkôe hn BHIX ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y negnrinhmh vmlvulmr danxkstnetn. Lm nstneasks môrtkdm brmvn, lm kesugkdknedkm môrtkdm, lm kesugkdknedkm iktrml y lm kesugkdknedkm trkduspéhnm sn msadkme dae rnsultmhas mhvnrsas y rnquknrne uem nvmlumdkôe apartuem, lm aptkikzmdkôe hn lms tnrmpkms iëhkdms y lm daeskhnrmdkôe hn ketnrvnedkaens qukrÿrbkdms a trmesdmtëtnr ne daesndunedkm pmrm prnvnekr nl nipnarmikneta hn lm KD y atras rnsultmhas mhvnrsas.=-=: mhvnrsas.=-=:,,=0-0:, =0-0:, 00-4> 0-4>)).
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
0. Lm BHIX, kedlukhm lm kefk`kdkôe hnl TPMM, las `laqunmharns `ntm y lm nstkiulmdkôe `kvnetrkdulmr, inoarm lms hkineskaens hn lm KI y nl WK ne pmdknetns dae KDGNr n KI snduehmrkm, ne pmrtkdulmr lm KI qun ns prapardkaeml m lm hklmtmdkôe hnl WK ((=-> =->,,=0 =0,,=4, =4,=2). =2). Ne ue NDM pnqunýa, pnqunýa, smdu`ktrkla-vmlsmrtíe smdu`ktrkla-vmlsmrtíe rnsultô ne uem rnhuddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm ne nl írnm rnburbktmetn ngndtkvm y ne nl valuine rnburbktmetn ne daipmrmdkôe dae vmlsmrtíe. Nl nesmya DAMZX iastrô ue `nengkdka hn iartmlkhmh dae XNNP ne pmdknetns dae KI snduehmrkm brmvn, GNWK netrn 0:% y >:%, LW tnrikeml
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
hkíintra skstôlkda # 2: ii, prnskôe skstôlkdm ZM # 2: ii Fb y séetaims pnrskstnetns (E[FM dlmsn KK m KW) iknetrms sn nedunetrm ne BHIX ôptkia (06 (06),), y nstas drktnrkas drktnrkas ssnn mplkdme ml daeskhnrmr XNNP. ^e dmrhkôlaba dae nxpnrknedkm ne nl imenoa hn lm KD ns pmrtn ketnbrml hn lm taim hn hndkskaens daipmrtkhm pmrm lm ketnrvnedkôe hn lm vílvulm y hn`n bukmr lm aptkikzmdkôe hn BHIX pmrm bmrmetkzmr qun lms apdkaens iëhkdms pmrm lm KD y lm KI snduehmrkm sn fmyme mplkdmha hn imenrm ngndtkvm hurmetn ue pnréaha hn tknipa mprapkmha y sn fmyme mbatmha metns hn daeskhnrmr lm ketnrvnedkôe.
GKB^PM =:M`arhmon hn trmtmikneta ne kesugkdknedkm iktrml snduehmrkm
Las dalarns darrnspaehne m darrnspaehne mXm`lm Xm`lm 00..MG kehkdm gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr3 DM@B, keonrta hn hnrkvmdkôe hn mrtnrkm daraemrkm3 NPA, arkgkdka rnburbktmetn ngndtkva3 BHIX, tnrmpkm iëhkdm hkrkbkhm par buéms3 KD, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 GNWK? grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha3 LWNTH? hkíintra t nlnskstôlkda hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha3 PI, kesugkdknedkm iktrml3 IW, vílvulm iktrml3 ZMTZ, prnskôe skstôlkdm hn mrtnrkm puliaemr3 GP? grmddkôe rnburbktmetn3 PWal? valuine rnburbktmetn3 y Px, inhkdmdkôe. * Zunhn snr rmzaem`ln nlnbkr nl rnniplmza hn lm WI dae prnsnrvmdkôe hn lms =>).). Dapyrkbft 0:0= Minrkdme Minrk dme Fnmrt Fnmrt Mssadkmtkae, Ked. y Minrkdme Dallnbn ag Dmrhkalaby dunrhms ne lubmr hn uem rnpmrmdkôe hn meulaplmstkm rnhudkhm. Mhmptmha hn Atta DI, nt ml. ((=> Gauehmtkae.
n74
n78
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
2.7. Kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae GN lnvninetn rnhudkhm (FGirNG) y GN inoarmhm (FGkipFG) 2.7.=. KD dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe lnvninetn rnhudkhm
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm KD dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe lnvninetn rnhudkhm Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
0m
@P
=. Ne pmdknetns dae FGirNG, TBLX0k punhn snr `nengkdkasa pmrm hksikeukr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par FG y lm iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmmr (= dmrhkavmsdul (=).
0`
@-EP
0. Netrn las pmdknetns dae FGirNG sketaiítkdm mdtuml a prnvkm (LWNG, 8=% -8;%), sn punhn daeskhnrmr nl usa hn `ntm`laqunmetns `ntm`laqunmet ns `msmhas ne nvkhnedkm pmrm FGrNG, MPEk, MDNk a MP@, y MPI pmrm rnhudkr nl rknsba hn faspktmlkzmdkôe faspktmlkzmdkôe par FG y iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr, pmrtkdulmrinetn netrn pmdknetns dae GNWK ne nl nxtrnia kegnrkar hn nstn nspndtra (0-; (0-; ).
Tkeapsks Ea fmy NDM praspndtkvas pmrm pmdknetns nspndégkdminetn dae FGirNG (LWNG, 8=% -8;%). Xahas las hmtas hn FGirNG sae past fad a su`daeouetas hn meílksks hn nesmyas prnvkas hn FG dae pmdknetns mfarm dlmskgkdmhas daia FGirNG. Lm GNWK ns ue nspndtra, y netrn las pmdknetns dae GNWK hnl 8= % ml 8; %, las pmdknetns dae GNWK ne nl nxtrnia kegnrkar hn nstn nspndtra pmrndne rnspaehnr m trmtmiknetas iëhkdas skiklmrns m las pmdknetns dae FGrNG. Zar la tmeta, punhn snr rmzaem`ln trmtmr m nstas pmdknetns dae BHIX utklkzmha pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn FGrNG. Las pmdknetns dae FGirNG hn`ne saintnrsn m uem nvmlumdkôe rnpntkhm hn lm GNWK pmrm hntnrikemr lm trmyndtarkm hnl pradnsa hn su negnrinhmh. Tn endnsktme nstuhkas praspndtkvas guturas pmrm mdlmrmr mÿe iís i ís lms rndainehmdkaens hn trmtmikneta pmrm pmdknetns dae FGirNG. FGirNG. Gkburm ==r ==rnsuin DAP =, 0m y 0` pmrm FGirNG.
nl `nengkdka ne nl pueta gkeml prkimrka ea tuva uem ketnrmddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm par su`brupas hn GNWK (8=% -8;%, >:% - % (=: (=:).).
GKB^PM ==Pndainehmdkaens pmrm pmdknetns dae GNWK lnvninetn rnhudkhm
(8=% -8;%)
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. NIZNPAP-Zrnsnrvnh (Nipmblkglazke Autdain Xrkml kepmtknets wktf Dfraekd Fnmrt Gmklurn wktf Zrnsnrvnh Nondtkae Grmdtkae) iastrô ue `nengkdka skbekgkdmtkva hnl TBLX0k, nipmblkglazke, ne pmdknetns dae KD sketaiítkdm, dae GNWK 5 8:% y pëptkhas emtrkurëtkdas nlnvmhas (= (=). Lm rnhuddkôe hnl 0= % ne nl drktnrka prkedkpml hn vmlarmdkôe daipunsta hn tkn knipa ipa fmstm lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm a iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr sn hn`kô prkedkpmlinetn m uem rnhuddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm hnl 0; % ne nl tknipa fmstm lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm (iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr iís `mom ea skbekgkdmtkvm SFP, :,;=3 KD hnl ;> %, :,27—=,:Y) , ske `nengkdka sa`rn lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms. Lm nipmblkglazkem tmi`këe hka daia rnsultmha uem rnhuddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm ne nl tatml hn faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD, uem hksikeudkôe ne lm pnehknetn hn lm hksikeudkôe hn lm XGBn y uem iahnstm inoarm
Las dalarns darrnspaehne m DAP ne neXm`lm 00.T .Tnn iunstrme rndainehmdkaens hn
ne lm DhW m lms >0 snimems. Dm`n hnstmdmr qun nl `nengkdka gun skiklmr
inhkdmdkôe pmrm FGirNG. MDNk kehkdm kefk`khar hn lm nezkim daevnrtkharm hn mebkatneskem3 MP@, `laqunmhar hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem3 MPEk, kefk`khar hnl
kehnpnehknetninetn hn lm prnsnedkm a musnedkm hn hkm`ntns ml kekdka kehnpnehknetninetn hnl nstuhka. Ne ue su`brupa hn =;64 pmdknetns dae GNWK hnl 8= 8 = % ml 8;
rndnptar hn mebkatneskem-enprklkskem3 FGirNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn
% ne NIZNPAP-Zrnsnrvnh, lm nipmblkglazkem, ue TBLX0k, rnhuoa nl
rnhudkhm3 GNWK? grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha3 IPM, metmbaekstm hnl
rknsba hnl drktnrka prkedkpml hn vmlarmdkôe daipunsta hn iunrtn
rndnptar hn ikenrmladartkdakhns3 y TBLX0k, kefk`khar hnl datrmespartmhar hn sahka-
dmrhkavmsdulmr u faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD (= (=). Muequn
bludasm 0.
nynddkôe lnvninetn rnhudkhm3 FGrNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
n7>
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
0. Meílksks past fad y su`daeouetas hn nesmyas hn FGrNG qun kedluynrae FGirNG (LWNG 8=% -8;%) fme subnrkha ue `nengkdka hnl usa hn BHIX pmrm FGrNG (ns hndkr, `laqunmharns `ntm, MPEk, MDNk a MP@ y nspkraealmdtaem) (0 (0,4,>-6 >-6).). Nl @@intm@@intm-FG (@ntm(@ntm`ladcnrs ke Fnmrt Gmklurn Dallm`armtkvn Braup) rnmlkzô ue
gmllm dae ue metmbaekstm hn lm mlhastnraem), lm nspkraealmdtaem rnhuoa nl rknsba hnl drktnrka prkedkpml hn vmlarmdkôe daipunsta hn iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr, faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm a iunrtn sÿ`ktm dae rnmekimdkôe, qun sn hn`kô prkedkpmlinetn m uem rnhuddkôe hn lm iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr dae da e
intmeílksks hn == nesmyas hn KD3 ne ue su`brupa hn >2> pmdknetns dae GNWK hnl 8: % ml 8; % ne rktia skeusml, las `ntm`laqunmetns rnhuonrae nl rnsultmha prkimrka hn iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr y par tahms lms dmusms (0 (0). ^e meílksks hn su`brupas hnl nesmya ZMPMBAE-FG (Daipmrmdkôe praspndtkvm hn MPEk dae MP@ Bla`ml Autdains ke FG wktf Zrnsnrvnh Nondtkae Grmdtkae) pmrm pmdknetns dae GNWK hnl 8> % ml >2 % (rmeba iís `moa hn GN ne nl nesmya) subkrkô ue `nengkdka hn smdu`ktrklavmlsmrtíe vnrsus vmlsmrtíe sala (rmzôe hn tmsms, :,263 : ,263 KD hnl ;> %, :,78-:,;>) (4 (4). Ne ue su`brupa hn =400 pmdknetns dae GNWK hnl 8= % ml 8; % ne ue meílksks past fad hn hmtas mbrupmhas hn las nesmyas DFMPI (Dmehnsmrtme ke Fnmrt Gmklurn-Mssnssinet ag Pnhudtkae ke Iartmlkty meh iar`khkty), dmehnsmrtme rnhuoa nl rknsba hn iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr y faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm, nl rknsba hn lm prkinrm faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y nl rknsba hn faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm rndu rndurrnetn rrnetn (> (>). Ne ue su`brupa hn >0: pmdknetns dae GNWK hnl 88 % ml 8; % ne ue meílksks past fad hn XAZ-DMX (Xrmtmikneta hn lm guedkôe dmrhémdm prnsnrvmhm
nspkraealmdtaem y netrn pmdknetns rndlutmhas ne Miërkdm hnl Tn prngknrn prngknrn lm nspkraealmdtaem netrn las Eartn y hnl Tur (7 (7). Tn pmdknetns dae FGirNG dae fkpnrtneskôe iml daetralmhm hmhm lm nvkhnedkm prnvkm qun rnspmlhm su usa pmrm nl daetral hn lm prnskôe mrtnrkml (= (=). Lm daetkeu daetkeumdkôe hn BHIX pmrm pmdknetns dae FGrNG inoarmha y FGirNG ns kipartmetn pmrm rnhudkr nl rknsba hkvnrsas sas hn FG rndruhnsdnetn (8 (8). Las intmeílksks rnpartme hkvnr fmllmzbas dae nl metmbaeksia enurafariaeml ne pmdknetns dae FGirNG, nspndkgkdmeha `nengkdka ne dknrtas su`brupas, su`rmymeha lm fntnrabnenkhmh hn nstn gneatkpa (0 ( 0,;). Las pmdknetns dae FGirNG hn`ne saint saintnrsn nrsn m uem nvmlumdkôe rnpntkhm hn lm GNWK pmrm hntnrikemr lm trmyndtarkm hnl pradnsa hn su negnrinhmh y hn`ne saintnrsn m lms l ms prun`ms dléekdminetn kehkdmhms pmrm hkmbeastkdmr mgnddkaens qun oustkgkqune uem tnrmpkm nspndégkdm hn lm negnrinhmh (p. no., DMH, smrdakhasks, miklakhasks).
2.7.0. FG dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe inoarmhm
Pndainehmdkôe pmrm KD dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe inoarmhm Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lm rndainehmdkôe sn rnsuine ne nlTuplninet nl Tuplninetas as hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKÔE
=
@P
=. Ne pmdknetns dae FGkipNG hnspuës hnl trmtmikneta, sn hn`n daetkeumr dae BHIX pmrm prnvnekr lm rndméhm hn FG y lm hksguedkôe hnl WK, kedlusa ne pmdknetns qun punhne valvnrsn msketaiítkdas (= (=).
Tkeapsks Muequn lm BHIX punhn rnsultmr ne uem inoarém hn las séetaims, lm dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml, lm GNWK y lm rniahnlmdkôe kevnrsm ne pmdknetns dae KDGNP (0 (0), ne lm imyarém hn las pmdknetns, pmdknetns, lm lm guedkôe hnl WK y lms meaimléms nstrudturmlns ea sn earimlkzme par daiplnta, y las séetaims y lms meaimléms hn las `kaimrdmharns punhne pnrskstkr a rnmpmrndnr. Iudfas pmdknetns qun sn daeskhnrm qun sn fme rndupnrmha hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae rnsaludkôe hn las séetaims y inoarém hn lm GNWK y las ekvnlns hn pëptkha emtrkurëtkda rndmnríe hnspuës hn lm suspneskôe hn lm BHIX.= BHIX.=). Lm rnsaludkôe hn las séetaims y lm inoarém hn lm gued guedkôe kôe dmrhémdm y las `kaimrdmharns hnspuës hnl trmtmikneta ea rnglnome uem rndupnrmdkôe daiplntm y sastnekhm skea, iís `kne, uem rnikskôe, qun rnquknrn qun sn imetnebm nl trmtmikneta (4 (4). Las pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ne nstmhka D sn hngkene daia pmdknetns dae dmrhkapm dmrhkapmtém nstrudturml dae séetaims prnvkas a mdtumlns hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm. Ne
mqunllas pmdknetns qun ea inoarme (ns hndkr, pmdknetns qun pnrimendne sketaiítkdas a dae hksguedkôe hnl WK), lm BHIX ea sala hn`n daetkeumr skea tmi`këe aptkikzmrsn. Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Ne ue NDM m`knrta (= (=), rntkrmhm rntkrmhm brmhuml hn las inhkdminetas pmrm lm KD ne pmdknetns dae IDH metnrkar, qun mfarm nstm`me msketaiítkdas, duym GNWK fm`ém inoarmha hn : %, duya valuine hkmstôlkda gkeml hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha (LWNHW) sn fm`ém earimlkzmha y qun tneéme uem daednetrmdkôe hn EX-pra@EZ < 0>: eb/L? hka lubmr m uem rndméhm hn lm ikadmrhkapmtém y lm KD ne nl 8: % hn las pmdknetns ne ue plmza hn 7 insns. Lm rndméhm sn hngkekô par ml ineas = hn nstas? =) uem rnhuddkôe hn lm GNWK hn 5 =: % y < >: %3 0) ue muineta ne LWNHW ne5 =:% y par nedkim hnl rmeba eariml3 4) ue muineta hn 0 vndns ne EX-pra@EZ
n77
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
daednetrmdkôe y fmstm 5 8:: eb/L3 a 8) nvkhnedkm dléekdm hn FG. Nl trmtmikneta sn rntkrô dae ëxkta ne sôla nl >:% hn las pmdknetns (= ( =). Las meílksks snduehmrk snduehmrkas as iastrmrae ue nipnarmikneta hn lms puetumdkaens hnl Dunstkaemrka hn Dmrhkaikapmtém hn Cmesms Dkty, uem rnhuddkôe sustmedkml hn lm GNWK y
muinetas ea skbekgkdmtkvas ne las valÿinens hn EX-pra@EZ y LW dae lm suspneskôe hn las inhkdminetas pmrm lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm.
2.2. GN daesnrvmhm (FGpNG) 2.2.=. KD dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe daesnrvmhm
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm KD dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe daesnrvmhm daesnrvmhm** Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
LAN
PNDAINEHMDKAENT
=
D-LH
=. Las pmdknetns dae FGpNG n fkpnrtneskôe hn`ne rndk`kr hasks hn inhkdminetas pmrm mldmezmr las a`ontkvas hn prnskôe mrtnrkml hn mdunrha dae lms buéms hn prídtkdm dléekdm pu`lkdmhms pmrm prnvnekr lm iar`klkhmh iar`klkhm h (=(=-44).
0m
@P
0. Ne pmdknetns dae FGpNG, TBLX0k punhn snr `nengkdkasa pmrm hksikeukr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par FG y lm iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmmr (8 dmrhkavmsdul (8).
0m
DNA
4. Ne pmdknetns dae FGpNG, nl imenoa hn lm GM punhn snr ÿtkl pmrm inoarmr las séetaims.
0`
@P
8. Ne pmdknetns snlnddkaemhas dae FGpNG, sn punhn daeskhnrmr lm MPI pmrm hksikeukr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens, pmrtkdulmrinetn netrn pmdknetns pmdknetns dae LWNG ne nl nxtrnia kegnrkar hn nstn nspn nspndtra dtra (>-2 (>-2).).
0`
@P
>. Ne pmdknetns snlnddkaemhas dae FGpNG, sn punhn daeskhnrmr nl usa hn MP@ pmrm hksikeukr lms faspktmlkzmdkaens faspktmlkzmdkaens,, pmrtkdulmrinetn netrn pmdknetns dae LWNG ne nl nxtrnia kegnrkar hn nstn nspndtra (6 ( 6,;).
0`
@P
7. Ne pmdknetns snlnddkaemhas dae FGpNG, sn punhn daeskhnrmr qun MPEk hksikeuyn lms faspktmlkzmdkaens, pmrtkdulmrinetn netrn pmdknetns pmdknetns dae LWNG ne nl nxtrnia kegnrkar hn nstn nspndt nspndtra ra (=: (=:,,== ==).).
4? Tke `nengkdka
@P
2. Ne pmdknetns dae FGpNG, nl usa rutkemrka hn ektrmtas a kefk`kharns hn lm gasgahknstnrmsm-> pmrm muinetmr lm mdtkvkhmh a lm dmlkhmh hn vkhm ns kengkdmz (=0 (=0,,=4 =4).).
Tnddkôe 2.0, Nstrmtnbkms hn hnsdaebnstkôe y hkurëtkdas ne pmdknetns dae KD’, yTnddkôe y Tnddkôe =:.0 =:.0,, "Imenoa hn hn lm gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr (MG) ne FG" pmrm rndainehmdkaens sa`rn nl usa hn hkurëtkdas y nl imenoa hn lm * Wnr WnrTnddkôe 2.0, ““Nstrmtnbkms GM ne FG.
Tkeapsks FGpNG (GNWK $ >:%) tknen uem mltm prnvmlnedkm, rnprnsnetm fmstm nl >:% hn tahas las pmdknetns dae KD y sn msadkm dae uem iar`klkhmh y iartmlkhmh skbekgkdmtkvms (=8 (=8).). Lm FGpNG ns ue trmst trmstarea area fntnrabëena, ml qun daetrk`uyne daiar`klkhmhns qun kedluyne fkpnrtneskôe, hkm`ntns, a`nskhmh, DMH, DCH y dmusms nspndégkdms fme daia lm miklakhasks dmrhémdm.=>-=2 dmrhémdm. =>-=2).). Las nesmyas dléekdas fme utklkzmha hngkekdkaens vmrkm`lns hn FGpNG (p. no., LWNG $ 8:%, 8>% a >:%, y lm endnskhmh vmrkm`ln hn nvkhnedkm mdaipmýmetn hn negnrinhmh dmrhémdm nstrudturml a ekvnlns nlnvmhas hn pëptkhas emtrkurëtkdas) (=6 (=6).). Fmstm fmdn pada, las nesmyas nesmyas ddléekdas léekdas fm`éme skha bnenrmlinetn hndnpdkaemetns, ske `nengkdka sa`rn lm iartmlkhmh ia rtmlkhmh y dae `nengkdkas imrbkemlns sa`rn lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par ==,=; =;,,0: 0:).). Mdtumlinetn, nl imenoa kesugkdknedkm dmrhé dmrhé mdm dm..>,6,==, rndainehmha ns nl hn lm KD ne bnenrml dae usa hn hkurëtkdas pmrm rnhudkr lm daebnstkôe y inoarmr las séetaims (vnrTnddkôe (vnrTnddkôe 2.=.=
rndainehmdkaens pmrm hkurëtkdas), khnetkgkdmdkôe y trmtmikneta hn dmusms nspndégkdms daia miklakhasks y imenoa hn daiar`klkhmhns =:.0pmrm pmrm daetrk`uynetns daia fkpnrtneskôe, DMH y GM (vnrTnddkôe (vnrTnddkôe =:.0 rndainehmdkaens sa`rn nl imenoa hn lm GM). lm GM).Gkburm Gkburm =0 =0rrnsuin DAP =, 0m y 0` pmrm FGpNG.
rndainehmdkaens rndain ehmdkaens pmrm nl imenoa ea gmrimdalôbkda yyTnddkôe Tnddkôe 2.0 2.0par par
dléekdm rndk rndknnetns etns pmrm pmrm lm fkpnrtneskôe, las a`ontkvas hn prnskôe mrtnrkml ne FGpNG sae
Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Nl pmpnl hnl daetral hn lm prnskôe mrtnrkml nstí `kne nstm`lndkha pmrm lm prnvnedkôe hn lm KD, msé daia da ia pmrm lm rnhuddkôe hn atras nvnetas dmrhkavmsdulmrns y lm iartmlkhmh par KD ne pmdknetns ske KD `msml prnvmlnetn (=-4 (=-4,,0=-08 0=-08).). Nl nesmya nesmya TZPKEX (Tystalkd ZPKEX (Tystalkd @laah Zrnssurn Ketnrvnetkae) y las intmeílksks nstm`lndknrae qun ue daetral iís ketneskva hn lm prnskôe mrtnrkml ne pmdknetns dae mlta rknsba dmrhkavmsdulmr rnhudn skbekgkdmtkvminetn lm KD y atras rnsultmhas dmrhkavmsdulmrns (0 (0,4,0>). 0>). Ne lms buéms hn prídtkdm
ZBL >.7.: HXH -OMD0;=:0Qpraag - 08 hn imrza hn 0:00 - =>?48 - dn
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
nxtrmpalmhas hn mqunllas pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn pmdknetns dae
`ksapralal, m hkbaxkem (40 (40).). M las las 77 insns, insns, nl drktnrka prkedkpml hn
fkpnrtneskôe ne bnenrml (07 (07).). Tke ni` ni`mrba, mrba, nl a`ontkva ôptkia hn
vmlarmdkôe hn lm dmlkhmh hn vkhm gun skiklmr netrn las 0 brupas. Tke
prnskôe mrtnrkml y las rnbéinens metkfkpnrtneskvas ea sn daeadne pmrm
ni`mrba, vmrkas drktnrkas hn vmlarmdkôe snduehmrkas hn lm dmlkhmh hn
las pmdknetns dae FGpNG. Las metmbaekstms hn PMMT, kedlukhas MDNk,
vkhm, lm dmpmdkhmh guedkaeml y lm rnhuddkôe hn EX-pra@EZ
MP@, IPM y pask`lninetn MPEk, pahréme snr mbnetns hn prkinrm léenm
gmvarndknrae m lm hkbaxkem m las =0 insns. Fu`a uem rnhuddkôe skiklmr
hmhm lm nxpnrknedkm dae su usa ne nesmyas hn FGpNG (6 (6,=:, =:,hkndksëks, hkndksëks,0: ,02 02,,06). 06). Las `laqunm `laqunmhar arnns `ntm sn punh punhne ne usmr pmrm trmtmr lm
hn lm grndunedkm dmrhémdm ne mi`as brupas. Ns hn hnstmdmr qun sn prahuonrae iís nvnetas mhvnrsas, daia tmsms iís mltms hn imrnas,
fkpnrtneskôe ne pmdknetns dae metndnhnetns hn kegmrta hn ikadmrhka (
lntmrba n fkpatneskôe, dae las `laqunmharns `ntm qun dae lm hkbaxkem.
02),), NMD sketaiítkdm NMD sketaiítkdm a GM dae rnspunstm vnetrkdulmr rípkhm. Nstas 02
Lm mtnedkôe ketnbrml hn lm GM nstí iís mllí hnl mldmedn hn nstms buéms.
ngndtas hn`ne nquklk`rmrsn dae lm daetrk`udkôe patnedkml hn lm
Lms rndainehmdkaens hn mtnedkôe nspndégkdms pmrm lm GM sn punhne
kedaipntnedkm draeatrôpkdm draeatrôpkdm m lm ketalnrmedkm ml nonrdkdka ne mlbueas
nedaetrmr ne lms buéms hn prídtkdm dléekdm hn MDD/MFM snpmrmhms (44 (44,,
pmdknetns (0; (0;).). 0. NIZNPAP-Zrnsnrvnh (Nipmblkglazke Autdain Xrkml kepmtknets wktf Dfraekd Fnmrt Gmklurn wktf Zrnsnrvnh Nondtkae Grmdtkae) iastrô ue `nengkdka skbekgkdmtkva hnl TBLX0k, nipmblkglazke, ne pmdknetns sketaiítkdas dae KD dae GNWK 5 8: % y pëptkhas emtrkurëtkdas nlnvmhas (4: 4:).). Lm rnhuddkôe hnl 0= % ne nl drktnrka prkedkpml hn vmlarmdkôe dai aipunsta punsta hn tknipa fmstm lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm a iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr sn hn`kô prkedkpmlinetn m uem rnhuddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm hnl 0; % ne nl tknipa fmstm lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm (iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr kegnrkar ea skbekgkdmtkvm SFP, :,;=3 KD hnl ;> %, :,27-=,:Y) , ske `nengkdka sa`rn lm iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms. Lm nipmblkglazkem tmi`këe hka daia rnsultmha uem rnhuddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm ne nl tatml hn faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD, uem hksikeudkôe ne lm pnehknetn hn lm hksikeudkôe hn lm XGBn y uem iahnstm inoarm ne lm DhW m lms >0 snimems. Dm`n hnstmdmr qun nl `nengkdka gun skiklmr kehnpnehknetninetn hn lm prnsnedkm a musnedkm hn hkm`ntns ml kekdka hnl nstuhka. Muequn nl `nengkdka ne nl pueta gkeml prkimrka ea tuva uem ketnrmddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm par su`brupas hn GNWK (:%, >:% - % (4= (4=).).
48).
8. Las MPI inoarme lm guedkôe hkmstôlkdm ne pmdknetns dae FGpNG ( 4>). nesmya a XAZDMX kevnstkbô las ngndtas hn lm 4>). Nl nesmy nspkraealmdtaem ne pmdknetns dae FGpNG. Lm pnquným rnhuddkôe (FP, :,6;) ne nl daipunsta hn iunrtn, iunrtn dmrhkmdm m`artmhm y faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD ea gun nstmhéstkdminetn skbekgkdmtkvm, muequn sn rnhuoa lm faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD (FP, :,64)3 las ngndtas mhvnrsas hn lm fkpnrpatmsnikm y nl muineta hn las ekvnlns hn drnmtkekem gunrae iís daiuens ne nl brupa hn trmtmikneta (> (>). ^e meílksks past fad (7 (7) i ia astrô ngkdmdkm ne lms Miërkdm Miërkdms (FP :,64) pnra ea ne Puskm-Bnarbkm (FP =,=:). ^em iunstrm hn lm pa`lmdkôe hn Puskm-Bnarbkm ne nl brupa hn trmtmikneta mdtkva tneém ekvnlns ea hntndtm`lns hn ue intm`alkta hn nspkraealmdtaem. Las meílksks past fad tknene lkiktmdkaens, pnra subknrne uem pask`klkhmh hn `nengkdka ne pmdknetns mprapkmhminetn snlnddkaemhas dae FGpNG sketaiítkdm (GNWK $ 8>%, ekvnl hn @EZ nlnvmha a kebrnsa par FG hnetra hn = mýa, nBGP5 4: iL/ike/=,24 i 0, drnmtkekem ib/hL y patmska ,: iNq/L). Mhniís, atra meílksks past fad subkrkô qun lm ngkdmdkm patnedkml hn lm nspkraealmdtaem nrm imyar ne nl nxtrnia kegnrkar hnl nspndtra hn GNWK (2 (2). Nl daetral dukhmhasa hnl patmska, lm guedkôe rneml y lm haskgkdmdkôe hn hkurëtkdas ml kekdka y nl snbukikneta sae dlmvn pmrm ikekikzmr nl nl rknsba hn fkpnrpatmsnikm y nipnarmikneta hn lm guedkôe rneml.
Las hmtas hn nesmyas dléekdas mlnmtarkzmhas brmehns ea nstíe hkspaek`lns pmrm bukmr nspndégkdminetn lm tnrmpkm ne pmdknetns dae FGpNG y GM. Mdtumlinetn, lm mtnedkôe ketnbrml hn lm GM punhn nxtrmpalmrsn hn lms buéms hn prídtkdm dléekdm hn lm GM, dae lm kehkvkhumlkzmdkôe hn nstrmtnbkms pmrm nl daetral hn lm grndunedkm a nl =:.0,, "Imenoa hn rktia ne pmdknetns dae KDGNp (vnr tmi`këe Tnddkôe tmi`këe Tnddkôe =:.0 lm gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr murkdulmr (MG) ne FG", pmrm rndainehmdkaens nspndégkdms hn FG pmrm GM). Muequn las `laqunmharns `ntm y las l as `laqunmharns hn las dmemlns hn dmldka ea hkfkhrapkrkhéekdas m ineuha sn daeskhnrme mbnetns hn prkinrm léenm pmrm nl daetral hn lm grndunedkm dmrhémdm ne pmdknetns dae FGpNG, ue nesmya m`knrta iís pnqunýa rndknetn, PMXNMG ne pmdknetns hn nhmh mvmezmhm dae GM y séetaims hn FG (lm imyarém dae GNWK daesnrvmhm) ), daipmrô nl usa hnl `laqunmhar `ntm,
>. Muequn lms nstrmtnbkms hn kefk`kdkôe hn TPMM fme tnekha ëxkta ne nl trmtmikneta hn lm KDGNr, y sn subknrn lm mdtkvmdkôe hn TPMM ne 42),), las nesmyas nesmyas dl dlé é ekdas ekdas dae kefk`kdkôe hn TPMM ea lm FGpNG (47 (47,,42 fme iastrmha iudfa `nengkdka ne pmdknetns dae KDGNd. Ne nl nesmya DFMPI-Zrnsnrvnh (Dmehnsmrtíe ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm drôekdm y grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha daesnrvmhm), las pmdknetns dae GNWK 5 8: % sn mskbemrae ml mzmr m ue @PM, dmehnsmrtíe a plmdn`a (46 (46).). Nl pue ueta ta gkeml prkimrka (iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr u faspktmlkzmdkôe par KD) ea gun skbekgkdmtkvminetn hkgnrnetn netrn las 0 brupas (FP, :,6;3 KD ;> %, :,22—=,:4,
n72
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ZMBT¼:,==63 FP moustmha par davmrkm`lns, :,673ZMBT¼:,:>=). Lm iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr gun khëetkdm ne las 0 brupas3 Lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm gunrae inearns ne nl `rmza hn dmehnsmrtíe, dae uem skbekgkdmdkôe nstmhéstkdm imrbkeml ne nl meílksks moustmha par davmrkm`lns salminetn (DPK,
GKB^PM =0Pndainehmdkaens pmrm pmdknetns dae GNWK daesnrvmhm ZT>:%)
:,683 KD ;> %, :,2:—=,::3ZMBT¼:,:823 ske moustmrZMBT¼:,:20). Nl eÿinra hn pnrsaems faspktmlkzmhms par KD (kegarimha par nl kevnstkbmhar) gun inear ne nl brupa hn dmehnsmrtíe qun ne nl hn plmdn`a (04: vnrsus 02;3ZMBT¼:,:=2). ^e meílksks past fad hn las nesmyas DFMPI iastrô qun lm inoarm ne las rnsultmhas dae dmehnsmrtíe gun imyar ne nl nxtrnia kegnrkar hnl nspndtra hn GNWK (4; (4;).). Ne ue intmeílksks hn 27;8 pmdknetns dae FGpNG FGp NG ne 8 nesmyas qun nvmlumrae MP@, ea fu`a snýml hn `nengkdka ne lm iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr (FP, =,:0), iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms (FP, =,:0) u faspktmlkzmdkôe par kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm (FP, :,;03 ;> % KD, :,64—=,:0) (8: ( 8:,,8=). 8=). 7. Ne nl nesmya ZMPMIA^EX-FG (Daipmrmdkôe praspndtkvm hn MPEk dae MP@ ne nl imenoa hn lm kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe daesnrvmhm), ue NDM hn gmsn KK ne pmdknetns dae KDGNd (GNWK $ 8>%), smdu`ktrkla-vmlsmrtíe rnsultô ne ue ekvnl iís `moa hn EX-pra@EZ hnspuës hn =0 snimems hn trmtmikneta ne ZM PMBAEAEdaipmrmdkôe dae nl MP@, vmlsmrtíe (80 (80).). Ne nl nesmya ZMPMB FG (Daipmrmdkôe praspndtkvm hnl kefk`khar hn lm enprklkskem hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem dae las rnsultmhas bla`mlns hnl `laqunmhar hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem ne kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm y grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha daesnrvmhm), ne 8600 pmdknetns dae KDGNp (GNWK $ 8>%, kebrnsa par KD hnetra hn las ; insns a emtrkurëtkda nlnvmha). ekvnlns hn pëptkhas y nBGP $ 4: iL/ike/i 0), smdu`ktrkla-vmlsmrtíe ne daipmrmdkôe dae vmlsmrtíe ea labrô uem rnhuddkôe skbekgkdmtkvm ne nl drktnrka prkedkpml hn vmlarmdkôe daipunsta hn iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr a faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD tatmlns (prkinrms y rndurrnetns) (dadknetn hn tmsms, :,623 KD hnl ;> %, :,2>-=,:=3
Tke ni`mrba, nl nesmya ENMX-FGpNG (Ektrmtn's Nggndt ae Mdtkvkty Xalnrmedn ke Fnmrt Gmklurn Rktf Zrnsnrvnh Nondtkae Grmdtkae) (8> (8>)) mlnmtarkzmrae m ==: pmdknetns pmdknetns dae GN ≮ >: % ne trmtmikneta nstm`ln hn KD, ske kedlukr ektrmtas, y dae mdtkvkhmh lkiktmhm par
ZMBT¼:,:7)) ((==:). Hmha qun ea sn duiplkô nl rnsultmha prkimrka, ZMBT¼:,:7 atras meílksks sae nxplarmtarkas. Ea fu`a `nengkdka hn smdu`ktrkla-vmlsmrtíe sa`rn lm iunrtn dmrhkavmsdulmr (FP, :,;>) a lm iartmlkhmh tatml (FP, :,;2). Fu`a uem snýml hn `nengkdka pmrm nl MPEk pmrm lms faspktmlkzmdkaens par KD (rmzôe hn tmsms, :,6>3 KD ;> %, :,20—=,::3ZMBT¼:,:>7). Lm mpmrkdkôe hn fkpnrpatmsnikm y nl rnsultmha daipunsta hn hksikeudkôe hn lm guedkôe rneml gmvarndknrae m smdu`ktrkla-vmlsmrtíe, pnra sn msadkô dae da e uem imyar kedkhnedkm hn fkpatneskôe y mebkanhnim. Ne las meílksks hn su`brupas prnnspndkgkdmhas, sn a`snrvô ue ngndta hkgnrnedkml snbÿe lm GNWK y nl snxa. Tn a`snrvô ue `nengkdka hn smdu`ktrklavmlsmrtíe ne daipmrmdkôe dae vmlsmrtíe ne pmdknetns dae GNWK par hn`moa hn lm inhkmem (8> % ->2 %3 dadknetn hn tmsms, :,263 KD hnl ;> %, :,78—:,;>) y ne iuonrns (dadknetn hn tmsms, :,243 ;> %
hksenm, gmtkbm a halar tarídkda, m iaeaektrmta hn ksasar`khm a plmdn`a y ea nedaetrmrae ngndtas `nengkdkasas sa`rn las ekvnlns hn mdtkvkhmh, lm DhW, lm talnrmedkm ml nonrdkdka a ekvnlns hn EXpra@EZ. Muequn nl usa rutkemrka hn ektrmtas ne pmdknetns dae FGpNG ea pmrndn `nengkdkasa, las pmdknetns dae FGpNG y DMH sketaiítkdm mÿe punhne rndk`kr mlkvka sketaiítkda dae ektrmtas. Lm kefk`kdkôe hn lm gasgahknstnrmsm-> muinetm nl skstnim hn ôxkha eétrkda ml muinetmr lm mdtkvkhmh hn dBIZ. Nl nesmya PNLMV (Kefk`kdkôe hn lm gasgahknstnrmsm-> pmrm inoarmr nl nstmha dléekda y lm dmpmdkhmh hn nonrdkdka ne kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe daesnrvmhm) (=4 (=4)) mlnmtarkzmrae m 0=7 pmdknetns dae GN ≮ >: % ne tnrmpkm hn KD nstm`ln y dae talnrm talnrmedk edkmm rnhudkhm ml nonrdkdka (WA iíxkia a`snrvmha0, dae sklhnemgkla a plmdn`a. Nstn
KD, :,>;— :,;:) (=: ( =:,,84, 84,88). 88).
nstuhka ea iastrô inoarms ne nl daesuia hn axébnea ek ne lm talnrmedkm ml nonrdkdka.
2. Lm tnrmpkm dae ektrmtas punhn rnhudkr lm daebnstkôe puliaemr y inoarmr lm talnrmedkm ml nonrdkdka ne pmdknetns dae FGrNG.
Las dalarns darrnspaehne m DAP ne neXm`lm 00.T .Tnn iunstrme rndainehmdkaens hn inhkdmdkôe pmrm FGpNG. MP@ kehkdm `laqunmhar hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem3 MPEk, kefk`khar hnl rndnptar hn mebkatneskem-enprklkskem3 KD, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm3 FGpNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe daesnrvmhm3 GNWK? grmddkôe hn nynddkôe hnl vnetrédula kzquknrha3 IPM, metmbaekstm hnl rndnptar hn ikenrmladartkdakhns3 y TBLX0k, kefk`khar hnl datrmespartmhar hn sahka-bludasm-0. * Imyar `nengkdka ne pmdknetns dae GNWK iís dnrdmem ml >:%.
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2.6. Miklakhasks dmrhémdm 2.6.=. Hkmbeôstkda hn miklakhasks dmrhémdm
Pndainehmdkaens pmrm nl hkmbeôstkda hn miklakhasks dmrhémdm Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
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=. Zmdknetns dae saspndfm dléekdm hn miklakhasks dmrhkmdm dmrhkmdm**(=-> =->)) hn`ne saintnrs saintnrsn m hntnddkôe hntnddkôe hn dmhnems lkbnrms iaeadlaemlns ne sunra y arkem dae nlndtragarnsks hn keiueagkomdkôe ne sunra y arkem y dmhnems lkbnrms lk`rns ne sunra (7 (7).
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0. Ne pmdknetns dae mltm saspndfm dléekdm hn miklakhasks dmrhémdm, ske nvkhnedkm hn dmhnems lkbnrms iaeadlaemlns ne sunra u arkem, sn hn`n rnmlkzmr uem bmiimbrmgém ôsnm pmrm daegkrimr lm prnsnedkm hn miklakhasks dmrhémdm par trmestkrntkem (2 (2).
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4. Ne pmdknetns m las qun sn lns fmym hkmbeastkdmha miklakhasks dmrhémdm par trmestkrntkem, lms prun`ms bneëtkdms daeXXP Tn rndaiknehm lm sndunedkmdkôe hn bnens pmrm hkgnrnedkmr lm vmrkmetn fnrnhktmrkm hn lm miklakhasks dmrhémdm par trmestkrntkem hn tkpa smlvmon. smlvmon.66).
* Brasar hn lm pmrnh hnl WK $ =8 ii oueta dae gmtkbm, hksenm a nhnim, nspndkmlinetn ne nl daetnxta hn hksdarhmedkm netrn nl brasar hn lm pmrnh ne nl ndadmrhkabrmim y nl valtmon hn l ]PT ne nl NDB, y ne nl daetnxta hn nstneasks môrtkdm, FGpNG, séehrain hnl tÿenl dmrpkmea, nstneasks nspkeml y palkenurapmtém mutaeôikdm a snesktkvm.
Tkeapsks Lm miklakhasks dmrhémdm ns uem ikadmrhkapmtém rnstrkdtkvm dae hnpôskta nxtrmdnlulmr hn pratnéems ikadírhkdms, iís daiÿeinetn dmhnems lkbnrms hn keiueabla`ulkem iaeadlaeml (ikadmrhkapmtém miklakhn SML-DIY) a miklakhasks par trmestkrntkem (MXXP-DI). Lm MXXP punhn snr dmusmhm par vmrkmetns pmtabëekdms ne nl bne hn lm trmestkrntkemXXP (miklakhasks par trmestkrntkem vmrkmetn, MXXPv) a trmestkrntkem hn tkpa smlvmon (miklakhasks par trmestkrntkem hn tkpa smlvmon, MXXPwt). ^e negaqun hn hkmbeôstkda sn hnsdrk`n neGkburm neGkburm =4((;). =4 Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Nl hkmbeôstkda hn MXXP-DI rnquknrn ue mlta éehkdn hn saspndfm. Nl nebrasmikneta hnl WK (brasar hn lm pmrnh hn $ =8 ii) oueta dae gmtkbm, hksenm a nhnim hn`n fmdnr daeskhnrmr d aeskhnrmr lm MXXP-DI, nspndkmlinetn dae hksdarhmedkm netrn nl brasar hn lm pmrnh ne nl ndadmrhkabrmim y nl valtmon hnl ]PT ne nl NDB (=: (=:),), u atras fmllmzbas, daia lm prns prnsnrvmdkôe nrvmdkôe mpkdml hnl hntnrkara hn lm tneskôe laebktuhkeml hnl WK ne lm ndadmrhkabrmgém nd admrhkabrmgém y nl rnmldn tmrhéa hkgusa hn bmhalkeka ne lm rnsaemedkm imbeëtkdm dmrhémdm. MXXPDI ns prnvmlnetn ne lm nstneasks môrtkdm snvnrm (= (=), KDGNp (0 (0), séehrain hnl tÿenl d tÿenl dmrpkmea mrpkmea ((44), nstneasks rmquéhnm lui`mr ((88), y palkenurapmtém palkenurapmtém mutaeôikdm a sne snesa sarkml rkml ((>>). Zrídtkdminetn, lm hntnddkôe hn lm prnsnedkm hn hn uem uem dmhnem lkbnrm iaeadlaeml y pkragasgmta hn tndendka (;;iXd-Z[Z) sn punhn pnhkr ml iksia tknipa pmrm imyar daiahkhmh, pnra las rnsultmhas hn lm ;;iLms nxplarmdkaens dae Xd-Z[Z sn ketnrprntme sala ne nl daetnxta hn
uem pmetmllm hn dmhnems lkbnrms iaeadlaemlns enbmtkvms.;;iLms nxplarmdkaens dae Xd-Z[Z punhne snr pasktkvms kedlusa ne lm miklakhasks ML (2 (2) y, par la tmeta, uem bmiimbrmgém ôsnm par sé salm,
MXXP-DI hn ML-DI. Tn nvmlÿme lm daednetrmdkôe da ednetrmdkôe hn dmhnems lkbnrms lk`rns (GLD) ne sunra y lm nlndtragarnsks hn keiueagkomdkôe (KGN) ne sunra y arkem pmrm hnsdmrtmr ML-DI. Tn prngknrn KGN parqun lm nlndtragarnsks hn plmsim sërkda y lm nlndtragarnsks hn plmsim hn arkem sae ineas snesk`lns. Ne daeoueta, lm inhkdkôe hn KGN ne sunra, KGN ne arkem y GLD ne sunra ns 5 ;; % snesk`ln m lm miklakhasks ML (7 (7,==). ==). 0. Nl usa hn;;iLas daipunstas ívkhas hn funsa Xd pmrm bmiimbrmgém ôsnm pnriktne nl hkmbeôstkda ea kevmskva hn MXXPDI DI ( (22).;;iLas daipunstas Xd kedluyne Z[Z, 4,4-hkgasgaeaNe las Nstmhas ^ekhas sn utklkzm ídkha =,0-prapmeahkdmr`axélkda, hkgasgaemta hn fkhraintklnea y Z[Z. Ne musnedkm hn uem meaimlém hn lm dmhnem lkbnrm, nl ;;iLm nxplarmdkôe dae Xd-Z[Z ns hkmbeôstkdm hn MXXP-DI sk fmy
dmptmdkôe dmrhémdm hn brmha 0/4 a uem rnlmdkôe F/DL 5 =,>. Hn fndfa, lm prnsnedkm hn dmptmdkôe dmrhémdm hn brmha 0/4 ne musnedkm hn uem pratnéem iaeadlaeml ne sunra u arkem tknen uem nspndkgkdkhmh iuy mltm y ue vmlar prnhkdtkva pasktkva pmrm MXXP-DI. MXXP-DI.22). Lm TZNDX sn nvmlÿm ne tahms lms nxplarm nxplarmdkaens dkaens pasktkvms pmrm daegkrimr qun lm dmptmdkôe rnprnsnetm lm rntnedkôe hnl trmzmhar ne nl ikadmrhka y ea lm =0).). mduiulmdkôe hn smebrn a lm snýml hn dmptmdkôe ne lms dastkllms ((=0
4. Tk sn khnetkgkdm MXXP-DI, netaedns lm sndunedkmdkôe bneëtkdm hnl XXPhntnrikemrí sk nl pmdknetn tknen uem vmrkmetn pmtalôbkdm (MXXPv) a uem negnrinhmh hn tkpa smlvmon (MXXPwt) (=0 ( =0).). Ns kipartmetn ipartmetn hkgnrnedkmr MXXPv hn MXXPwt parqun lm daegkrimdkôe hn MXXPv hnsnedmhnemrém nl msnsarmikneta bneëtkda y lm hntnddkôe patnedkml hn las ikni`ras hn lm gmiklkm y lms tnrmpkms, keatnrsne y pmtkskrme, qun mdtumlinetn nstíe mpra`mhms sala pmrm MXXPv dae palkenurapmtém (=4 (=4,,=8). =8).
ske prun`ms daedaiktmetns hn dmhnems lkbnrms, ea punhn hkstkebukr
n2:
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2.6.0. Xrmtmikneta hn lm miklakhasks dmrhémdm Pndainehmdkaens pmrm nl trmtmikneta hn lm miklakhasks dmrhémdm
Las nstuhkas hn rngnrnedkm qun rnspmlhme lms rndainehmdkaens sn rnsuine ne nlTuplnin nlTuplninetas etas hn hmtas ne léenm. léenm. DAP
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=
@P
Ne pmdknetns snlnddkaemhas dae miklakhasks dmrhémdm par trmestkrntkem hn tkpa smlvmon a vmrkmetn y séetaims hn KD hn dlmsn K m KKK hn lm E[FM, nstí kehkdmhm lm tnrmpkm dae nstm`klkzmhar hn tntríinra hn trmestkrntkem (tmgmikhks) pmrm rnhudkr l m iar`klkhmh y iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr (= (=).
Hndlmrmdkôe hn vmlar? vmlar `moa (@-EP)
0. M las prndkas hn lkstm hn 0:0:, tmgmikhks prapardkaem ue vm lar ndaeôikda `moa (5 $ =6: ::: p ar ]ML[ bmemha) ne p mdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dae miklakhasks dmrhémdm par trmestkrntkem hn tkpa smlvmon a vmrkmetn (0 (0). 4. Ne pmdknetns dae miklakhasks dmrhémdm y GM, lm metkdambulmdkôe ns rmzaem`ln pmrm rnhudkr nl rknsba hn mddkhnetn mddkhnetn dnrn`ravmsdulmr
0m
D-LH
kehnpnehknetninetn hn lm DFM0TH0-WMTd (kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm daebnstkvm, fkpnrtneskôe, nhmh‡2> mýas, hkm` ntns inllktus, mddkhnetn dnrn`ravmsdulmr a mddkhnetn ksquëikda trmesktarka SMKXY, negnrinhmh vmsdulmr, nhmh hn 7> m 28 mýas, dmtnbarém hn snxa) puetumdkôe (4,8).
Tkeapsks Zmrm pmdknetns dae MXXP-DI y NG # 8:%, BHIX punhn snr iml talnrmha. Las ngndtas vmsahklmtmharns hn MPEk, MDNk y MP@ punhne nxmdnr`mr lm fkpatneskôe, nspndkmlinetn dae hksguedkôe mutaeôikdm msadkmhm dae miklakhn. Las `laqunmharns `ntm punhne nipnarmr las séetaims hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm ym qun las pmdknetns dae MXXP-DI hnpnehne hn lm rnspunstm hn lm grndunedkm dmrhémdm pmrm imetnenr nl bmsta dmrhémda. Nl `nengkdka hn las KDH ne MXXP-DI ea sn fm nstuhkmha ne nesmyas mlnmtarkas, y ue nstuhka hn dmsas y daetralns iastrô ue `nengkdka `nengkdka pada dlmra ((>>). Lm XPD ea sn fm nstuhkmha ne MXXP-ID dae FGrNG. Lms tnrmpkms iahkgkdmharms hn lm negnrinhmh kedluyne sklnedkmharns hn XXP (ketnrruipne lm séetnsks fnpítkdm m trmvës hn lm kefk`kdkôe/hnbrmhmdkôe hnl MPEi? keatnrsne y pmtkskrme), nstm`klkzmharns hn XXP (prnvknene nl iml plnbmikneta/ hnpaskdkôe? hkglueksml y tmgmikhks) y hksruptarns hn XXP (nlkikemdkôe hnl tnokha hkmem? haxkdkdlkem, ídkha tmuraursahnsaxkdôlkda SX^HDMY y npkbmladmtnqukem-4-bmlmta SNBDBY ne nl të vnrhn). Lm miklakhasks dmrhémdm hn dmhnem lkbnrm ns imenomhm par nspndkmlkstms nspndkmlks tms ne fnimtalabém-aedalabém y nstí iís mllí hnl mldmedn hn las dmrhkôlabas, pnra nl hkmbeôstkda m ineuha la fmdne las dmrhkôlabas dumeha sn imekgknstm nl miklakhn dmrhémda (Gkbur (Gkburmm =4). =4). Lm miklakhasks ML ns trmtm`ln, y las pmdknetns dae miklakhasks ML dae mgndtmdkôe dmrhémdm hn`ne hnrkvmrsn hn keinhkmta m fnimtalabémaedalabém pmrm rndk`kr trmtmikneta apartuea. Keatnrsne y pmtkskrme sn msadkme dae uem prabrnskôe iís lnetm hn lm palkenurapmtém rnlmdkaemhm dae miklakhasks ne MXXPv-DI.7 MXXPv-DI.7,2). Fmy nesmyas ne ne dursa sa`rn nl kipmdta hn keatnrsne y pmtkskrme y las kefk`kharns hnbrmhmharns hn MPEi hn eunvm bnenrmdkôe ne lm iar`klkhmh i ar`klkhmh a iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr. Nl `nengkdka hnl hkglueksml ns lkiktmha (6 (6), haxkdkdlkem iís X^HDM (; (;,=:), =:), y NBDB (== (==),), ne ne drktnrkas hn vmlarmdkôe sustktutas dai sustktutas daia a lm imsm hnl W WK, K, p pnra nra ea sn fm nvmlumha nl kipmdta hn nstas mbnetns ne lm iar`klkhmh ia r`klkhmh y iartmlkhmh dmrhkavmsdulmr. Lm nvmlumdkôe y nl imenoa hn lm hksguedkôe mutaeôikdm, nl nstmha hnl valuine y lm mrrktikm sae kipartmetns. Xnxta hn mpaya nspndégkda hn lm rndainehmdkôe =. Xmgmikhks ns mdtumlinetn lm ÿekdm tnrmpkm pmrm inoarmr las
nl sktka hn uekôe m tkraxkem hn XXP. Ne nl nesmya dléekda MXXP-MDX (Tnburkhmh y ngkdmdkm hn Xmgmikhks ne pmdknetns dae dmrhkaikapmtém par trmestkrntkem), ue nesmya mlnmtarkzmha hn pmdknetns dae MXXPwtDI a MXXPv-DI y séetaims hn dlmsn K m KKK hn lm E[FM, tmgmikhks tuva uem iartmlkhmh par tahms lms dmusms iís `mom (0;,> % vnrsus 80,;%) y inear faspktmlkzmdkôe rnlmdkaemhm dae negnrinhmhns dmrhkavmsdulmrns (:,86 vnrsus :,2: par mýa) hnspuës hn 4: insns ((==). Fu`a uem imyar tmsm hn faspktmlkzmdkaens rnlmdkae rnlmdkaemhms dae pra`lnims dmrhkavmsdulmrns ne pmdknetns dae kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm dlmsn KKK hn lm E[FM, la qun pahrém mtrk`ukrsn m uem imyar supnrvkvnedkm hurmetn ue pnréaha iís brmvn hn lm negnrinhmh. Hmha qun tmgmikhks prnvknen pnra ea rnvknrtn nl hnpôskta hn miklakhn, sn nspnrm qun tmgmikhks tnebm ue imyar `nengkdka dumeha sn mhikekstrm ml kekdka hnl dursa hn lm negnrinhmh. Daia lms durvms hn supnrvkvnedkm sn snpmrme hnspuës hn =6 insns, sn hn`ne snlnddkaemr pmdknetns ne las qun ea sn nspnrm qun lm negnrinhmh ea dmrhémdm lkiktn lm supnrvkvnedkm. Ea sn fm a`snrvmha `nengkdka ne pmdknetns dae séetaims hn dlmsn KW, nstneasks môrtkdm brmvn a hntnrkara hn lm guedkôe rneml (nBGP iL $ ike -=$ =,24 ikllaens-0írnm supnrgkdkml hnl dunrpa). Xmgmikhks nstí hkspaek`ln ne 0 gariulmdkaens? tmgmikhks inbluikem nstí hkspaek`ln ne dípsulms hn 0: ib3 y lm hasks mpra`mhm par lm GHM ns hn 6: ib (8 dípsulms) uem vnz ml hém. Xmgmikhks tmi`këe nstí hkspaek`ln ne dípsulms hn 7= ib3 lm hasks mpra`mhm par lm GHM pmrm nstm eunvm gariulmdkôe ns hn 7= ib uem vnz ml hém.
0. ^e meílksks `msmha ne iahnlas utklkzô las rnsultmhas hnl nstuhka MXXP-MDX (= (=) pmrm nvml nvmlumr lm rnetm`klkhmh hn tmgmikhks drôekda ne daipmrmdkôe dae ekebÿe trmtmikneta nspndégkda pmrm lm miklakhasks ne pmdknetns dae miklakhasks par trmestkrntkem hn tkpa emturml a vmrkmetn n KD hn dlmsn K m KKK hn lm E[FM (0 ( 0). Dae lms supaskdkae supaskdka ens hn qun tmgmikhks skbukô skneha ngndtkva iís mllí hn lm hurmdkôe hnl nesmya dléekda, nstkimrae qun tmgmikhks muinetô lm supnrvkvnedkm prainhka ne =,;2 mýas y ]ML[ ne =,0;. M pnsmr hn nstas brmehns `nengkdkas dléekdas, tmgmikhks (dae ue dasta meuml hn $ 00> :::) fm`ém bmemha uem rnlmdkôe dasta-ngndtkvkhmh kedrninetml 5 $ =6: ::: par ]ML[, nl pueta hn rngnrnedkm utklkzmha par nstm buém pmrm vmlar `moa. Nl dasta hn las tmgmikhks
rnsultmhas dmrhkavmsdulmrns ne MXXP-DI (= ( =). Xmgmikhks sn uen
tnehrém qun
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
- , 0 : 0 00?? - - -
Fnkhnernkdfy atras Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
GKB^PM =4Mlbarktia hn hkmbeôstkda y trmtmikneta hn lm miklakhasks dmrhémdm par trmestkrntkem
Las dalarns darrnspaehne m DAP ne neXm`lm 0.M 0.MGG kehkdm gk`rklmdkôe murkdulmr3 ML-DI, ikadmrhkapmtém miklakhn3 MXXP-DI, ikadmrhkapmtém miklakhn par trmestkrntkem3 MXXPv, miklakhasks par trmestkrntkem vmrkmetn3 MXXPwt, miklakhasks par trmestkrntkem hn tkpa smlvmon3 DFM 0TH0-NWMd, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm daebnstkvm, fkpnrtneskôe, nhmh $ 2> mýas, hkm`ntns inllktus, mddkhnetn dnrn`r avmsdulmr a mddkhnetn ksquëikda trmesktarka (MKX), negnrinhmh vmsdulmr, nhmh 7> m 28 mýas, dmtnbarém snxa3 NDB, nlndtradmrhkabrmim3 F/DL, darmzôe ml tôrmx daetrmlmtnrml3 FGrNG, kesugkdknedkm dmrhkmdm dae grmddkôe hn nynddkôe rnhudkhm3 KGN, nlndtragarnsks hn keiueagkomdkôe3 KPI, kiíbnens par rnsaemedkm imbeëtkdm3 E[FM, Msadkmdkôe hnl Darmzôe hn Eunvm [arc3 Z[Z, pkragasgmta3 Xd, tndendka3 y XXP, trmestkrntkem.
n2=
n20
OMDDWAL. -, EA. -, 0 : 0 0
Fnkhnernkdfy atras
- , 0 : 0 0? - - -
Buém hn kesugkdknedkm dmrhémdm hn lm MFM/MDD/FGTM hn 0:00
hksikeukr ne mpraxkimhminetn ue 6:% pmrm qun snm ue vmlar ketnrinhka dae ue dasta par ]ML[
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