Agenda de La Descentralizacion
January 19, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Jhcmbj bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm Bcsjaëns y kctjs `jeoj ci Foecmtcmjron
Jhcmbj bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm Bcsjaëns y kctjs `jeoj ci Foecmtcmjron
Trokcrj cboeoõm, Iokj - Tcr÷ :444 cgckpijrcs © 64:1 Trnkneoõm y Ejpjeotjeoõm pjrj ci Bcsjrrniin (TVNKEJB-OMOEJK)
LJU
TVNKEJB-O MOEJK
Jv. Gjvoc Jv. Gjvocrr Trjb Trjbnn Ncstc :2:0, Iokj 668, 8, Tcr÷ Rciïanm Rciïanmns7 ns7 (3: (3::) :) 26 266-455 6-45511 / 26 266-5:5 6-5:500 Ajx7 (3::) 266-5:50 Enrrcn cicetrõmoen7 omoejkDomoejk.nrh.pc Xcf7 X cf7 www www.omoej .omoejk.nrh. k.nrh.pc pc
Jv. Ijren :4?, posn Jv. posn 6, Iokj :0, Tc Tcr÷ r÷ Rciïanm Rciïanmns7 ns7 (3::) (3::) 2: 2:1-1:4 1-1:444 Enrrcn cicetrõmoen7 ljspcruDljs.bc Xcf7 X cf7 ww www w.ljs.bc/pcru .ljs.bc/pcru
@ce`n ci bcpõsotn ichji cm ij Fofiontcej Mjeonmji bci Tcr÷ M.´ 64:8-44338 Jutnr7
Êivjrn Shjrtc Sfoiij Tcrey Cspomnzj Hnmzjics
Euobjbn bc cboeoõm7
Gnsï Iuos Ejrroiin Kcmbnzj
Bojhrjkjeoõm7
Ejrkcm Omhj Eninmoj
Okprcsn cm7 Cboeonmcs Mnvj Tromt U.J.E. Ohmjeon Kcromn :321 :3 21 - I Iomec. omec. Rciïanmn7 Rciïanmn7 266-42?? cboeonmcsmnvjpromtDhkjoi.enk Bcrce`ns rcscrvjbns. Uc jutnrozj ij rcprnbueeoõm tntji n pjreoji bc cstc bneukcmtn, sockprc y eujmbn sc `jhj rcacrcmeoj j ij aucmtc.
Ëmboec
Trcscmtjeoõm
8
Omtrnbueeoõm
::
O.
:5
Enmtcxtn bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm
:.: Eucstonmcs prciokomjrcs :.6 Trnecsn pcrujmn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm :.5 Ejrjetcrozjeoõm bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm
:3 :1 :?
OO. 6.: 6.6 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.8
65 61 60 5: 55 58 50 5?
Kotns bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cm ci Tcr÷ Unfrc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm y rchonmjiozjeoõm Unfrc ij mjturjiczj y ejrjetcrëstoejs bc ijs rchonmcs Unfrc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs Unfrc ijs ejpjeobjbcs bc hcstoõm Unfrc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm y ij enrrupeoõm Unfrc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji Unfrc ins cacetns bci ecmtrjioskn snfrc ci tcrrotnron
OOO. Trnknvocmbn ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm 5.: JKTC, jetnr eijvc cm ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm 5.6 Omeobcmeoj pniëtoej pjrj anrtjicecr ci prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm
23 28
OQ. OQ. Jhcmbj bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm 2.: Tijmoejr ci bcsjrrniin ji kcbojmn y ijrhn pijzn 2.6 Omstotueonmjiozjr ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm
33 38 38
2.5 Kcgnrjr ins bc omvcrsoõm p÷fioej y aumeonmcs 2.2 Vcvosoõm bc sostckjs ij jsohmjeoõm bc enkpctcmeojs
30 30
2?
2.3 2.1 2.8 2.0
Anrtjicecr ijs ejpjeobjbcs inejics Okpuisjr ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji Vcpijmtcjr ij omtchrjeoõm rchonmji Cvjiujr ins kcejmoskns pjrtoeopjtovns y bc enmecrtjeoõm
30 3? 3? 14
Q. Jmcxns ― Bceijrjeonmcs bc JKTC 3.: Bceijrjtnroj bc Ujqsjywjkjm ― Eusen. Eukfrc pnr ij Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cm ci Tcr÷ y OO Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji Cxtrjnrbomjron bc ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷ ― JKTC 3.6 Bceijrjtnroj bci Trokcr Cmeucmtrn Kjern Vchonmji bc ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷ ― JKTC, cm ij eoubjb bc Oej 3.5 Bceijrjtnroj bci Uchumbn Cmeucmtrn Kjern Vchonmji bc ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷ ― JKTC
1:
15 10 84
3.2 bc Bceijrjeoõm bc Iokj bci OOO Enmhrcsn Cxtrjnrbomjron ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bciMjeonmji Tcr÷ ― JKTC 64:1 86
Trcscmtjeoõm
Cstjmbn prõxokns j enmkcknrjr ci Foecmtcmjron bc ij bceijrjeoõm bci Tcr÷ enkn umj mjeoõm ombcpcmbocmtc, rchobns pnr um hnfocrmn rcpufioejmn enm bovosoõm bc pnbcrcs y, jetujikcmtc, fjgn ci kjmbjtn bc umj Enmstotueoõm Tniëtoej quc mns bcmc enkn um sostckj bc hnfocrmn umotjron, rcprcscmtjtovn y bcsecmtrjiozjbn, ins bostomtns iëbcrcs pniëtoens bci pjës, cm ci kjren bci Jeucrbn Mjeonmji, `jm enmscmsujbn enmscmsu jbn enkn Tniëtoej bc Cstjbn ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm bc jeucrbn enm ci promeopon bc sufsobojrocbjb. Enkn Cstjbn, snkns sohmjtjrons bc ins Nfgctovns bc Bcsjrrniin Unstcmofic NBU-6454 y jsporjkns j omtchrjr ij Nrhjmozjeoõm bc Ennpcrjeoõm Ennp crjeoõm pjrj ci Bcsjrrniin Cenmõkoen NEBC cm ci jún 646:, in quc mns enmboeonmj enmb oeonmj j scr um pjës pniëtoej, cenmõkoej y sneojikcmtc bcsecmtrjiozjbn. Fjgn cstc okpcrjtovn, ij jsneojeoõm Trnkneoõm y Ejpjeotjeoõm pjrj ci Bcsjrrniin (TVNKEJB), j trjvïs bc su Omstotutn bc Omvcstohjeoõm y Ejpjeotjeoõm Kumoeopji (OMOEJK), `jec 55 júns vocmc ’tcmbocmbn pucmtcs pjrj ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm‛ kcbojmtc k÷itopics jetovobjbcs c omstrukcmtns quc `jm prnpoeojbn ci bcfjtc enm ins boacrcmtcs jetnrcs c omeobcmeoj cm ci prnecsn bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm< ciin `j sobn pnsofic hrjeojs ji enmstjmtc jpnyn tïemoen y mjmeocrn bc ij Aumbjeoõm Jickjmj Lnmrjb Jbcmjucr (LJU), quc bcsbc `jec kcbon sohin tocmc umj mëtobj prcscmeoj prcs cmeoj cm ci tcrrotnron mjeonmji. Cmtrc ntrns nfgctovns, ij LJU cm ci Tcr÷ nrocmtj sus jeeonmcs bc ennpcrjeoõm omstotueonmji cm ci kjren bci prnecsn bc knbcrmozjeoõm bc ij pniëtoej, prnknvocmbn rcanrkjs cm ins scetnrcs bc nrhjmozjeoõm nrhjmozje oõm bci Cstjbn, pniëtoej cxtcronr y bc bcacmsj y pniëtoej kumoeopji< cspceëejkcmtc, pjrj omerckcmtjr
0
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
ij ceocmeoj cm ij pijmoejeoõm cm ijs rchonmcs y kumoeopons y bcsjrrniijr y pnmcr cm prêetoej p rêetoej okpuisns pjrj ij pniëtoej p niëtoej y ij sneocbjb sneocbj b eovoi enm ci m bc omecmtovjr ij fucmj vceombjb y ij ennpcrjeoõm rchonmji bc ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics, ins kumoeopons y ij sneocbjb eovoi. Mn nfstjmtc ins csaucrzns bcspichjbns pnr mucstrj nrhjmozjeoõm y ijs mukcrnsjs cmtobjbcs enkprnkctobjs enm ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, j÷m qucbjm kue`ns tckjs pcmbocmtcs cm ij Jhcmbj bc ij Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, jihumns bc ins eujics `ckns qucrobn jfnrbjr cm ci prcscmtc bneukcmtn, pjrj snkctcrin j ij enmsobcrjeoõm bc ins cspceojiostjs cm ci tckj y pnmcrin pnmc rin j bospnsoeoõm bc quocmcs bcfcm bcmor ijs pniëtoejs p÷fioejs y ins omstrukcmtns pjrj okpuisjr y enmsniobjr um prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm euyn cstjmejkocmtn jacetj bc kjmcrj kês scmsofic j ins scetnrcs kjrhomjics bci pjës. Cstj frcvc pufioejeoõm enkprcmbc eujtrn pjrtcs n ejpëtuins7 ci prokcrn, um kjren `ostõroen iokotjbn ji pcronbn bci Foecmtcmjron< ci schumbn, ci kjren tcõroen enmecptuji j pjrtor bc ins kotns tcgobns snfrc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm< ci tcrecrn, ins jeucrbns enmstruobns enm ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷ (JKTC)< y ci eujrtn, ins tckjs kês urhcmtcs pjrj enmstruor ij jhcmbj bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, cspcrjmbn prnknvcr um bcfjtc enmecptuji y sostïkoen snfrc sus enmtcmobns enmtcm obns y ins jiejmecs jiej mecs bci prnecsn, quc snm sn m ejbj vcz kês bovcrsns y tocmbcm j enmaumbor y cmtnrpcecr ci prnecsn cm iuhjr iuhjr bc ajeoiotjrin. Ci ejpëtuin O, ’Enmtcxtn bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm‛, sc cmanej cm bcserofor y jmjiozjr ij enyumturj quc vovc ci pjës cm ci tckj bci cmsjyn, umj frcvc bcseropeoõm `ostõroej bci prnecsn bc enmstrueeoõm bc um Cstjbn y, mjikcmtc, eõkn sc ejrjetcrozj `ny ci prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. Ci schumbn ejpëtuin OO, ’Kotns bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm‛, bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm‛, pijmtcj ij boseusoõm bc ins boacrcmtcs enmecptns snfrc ins quc sc vocmc enmstruycmbn ij nrhjmozjeoõm, cstrueturj y aumeonmcs bci Cstjbn pcrujmn, pjrtocmbn bc ij prckosj bc quc sus crrõmcjs bcmoeonmcs y enmecptns enmbuecm j ij mneovj enmstrueeoõm bc um Cstjbn fjfïioen. Ci ejpëtuin OOO, ’Trnknvocmbn ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm‛, horj cm tnrmn j ijs jeeonmcs quc TVNKEJB-OMOEJK, gumtn enm ij JKTC, `j vcmobn okpuisjmbn enm ci m bc enmsniobjr su prcscmeoj pniëtoej y hrckoji cm ci prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. Cstj enijfnrjeoõm bc TVNKEJB-OMOEJK, quc eucmtj
?
TVCUCMRJEOÕM
enm ci jpnyn bc ij LJU enkn Ucerctjrëj Rïemoej bc JKTC, bjtj bc `jec 55 júns. Ci ejpëtuin OQ, ’Jhcmbj bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm‛, mjikcmtc, enkprcmbc ne`n prnpucstjs pjrj ij enmstrueeoõm enm strueeoõm bc ij Jhcmbj bc ij Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm quc sc bcfc jfnrbjr y pcraceeonmjr enm ci enmeursn enmeurs n bci Jeucrbn Mjeonmji, ci Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej, ci Cgceutovn, ij Jejbckoj y ntrns iëbcrcs bc npomoõm. Ci ejpëtuin Q prcscmtj ins jmcxns, quc omeiuycm tcxtns bc ijs bceijrjeonmcs anrkuijbjs cm jihumns enmhrcsns y cmeucmtrns mjeonmjics y rchonmjics bc JKTC, cm 64:1. Jrquotcetn Êivjrn Shjrtc Sfoiij Borcetnr Cgceutovn bc OMOEJK
Omtrnbueeoõm
Cs prnfjfic quc umj bc ijs boeuitjbcs kês okpnrtjmtcs quc cmarcmtj ci prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cm sus boacrcmtcs anrkjs scj ij juscmeoj bc um këmokn enmscmsn enmecptuji y tcõroen snfrc ïstj. Ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm bcsecmtrjiozjeoõ m cs um tïrkomn pniosïkoen7 cxostcm tjmtjscm bcmoeonmcs mn snin cm cmanqucs somn tjkfoïm omtcrcscs. enkn jutnrcs, quc bocrcm Cm cstc csecmjron, cm ci quc mn sc inhrj enmstruor um kjren enmecptuji ‒y tcõroen‒ snfrc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, tjkpnen sc enmsohuc pnmcrsc bc jeucrbn snfrc sus vcmtjgjs y bcsvcmtjgjs mo, pnr tjmtn, jecrej bc su mjiobjb, cstrjtchoj, cmanqucs, jiejmecs, enmtcmobns, enkpctcmeojs, aumeonmcs y anrkjs. Uom bubj, cstj ajitj bc enmscmsn mn ajvnrcec ci prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. Cxostcm, mn nfstjmtc, jrhukcmtns quc tcrkomjm socmbn ins kês enmvomecmtcs, bc kjmcrj quc sc `j enmstruobn um enmgumtn bc jrkjeonmcs y bcmoeonmcs jecptjbjs pnr ij kjynrëj pcrn quc mn pnr ciin rcsuitjm enrrcetjs. In koskn neurrc enm ntrns tckjs y enmecptns. Tnr cgckpin, cm ci jrtëeuin :0?´ bc ij Enmstotueoõm Tniëtoej sc cstjficec7 ’Ci tcrrotnron bc ij Vcp÷fioej cstê omtchrjbn pnr rchonmcs, bcpjrtjkcmtns, prnvomeojs y bostrotns, cm euyjs eoreumseropeonmcs sc enmstotuyc y nrhjmozj ci hnfocrmn j movci mjeonmji, rchonmji y ineji \…[‛< som ckfjrhn, jetujikcmtc mn cxostcm rchonmcs somn hnfocrmns rchonmjics cm bcpjrtjkcmtns. Ntrn crrnr enk÷m enmsostc cm enmaumbor Cstjbn enm hnfocrmn mjeonmji. Enm arceucmeoj sc cseue`jm cxprcsonmcs enkn ’ci Cstjbn mn trjmscrc ins rceursns…‛, n ’… ci Cstjbn bcfc bcichjr…‛, eujmbn cs cvobcmtc quc quocmcs ijs prncrcm jiubcm ji hnfocrmn y quc ij kjynrëj in cmtocmbc, bc bnmbc
:6
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
rcsuitj quc cstj enmausoõm mn tocmc enmsceucmeojs hrjvcs. hrjvcs . Mn nfstjmtc, kês rcicvjmtc quc ij boseusoõm snfrc euêi cs ij cmtobjb rcspnmsjfic bc trjmsacror n bc bcichjr cs quc so mn sc enkprcmbc ij boacrcmeoj cmtrc ijs aumeonmcs bci Cstjbn y ijs bci hnfocrmn mjeonmji tjkpnen sc cmtcmbcrê ij rcspnmsjfoiobjb bc eoubjbjmns y jutnrobjbcs. Ij bovcrsobjb bc npomonmcs y ij omsueocmtc fjsc enmecptuji tjkfoïm jiejmzjm j ij rchonmjiozjeoõm y ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. Bcsbc ij bceijrjeoõm bc ij ombcpcmbcmeoj, ins eoubjbjmns bci Tcr÷, pnr ajitj bc omanrkjeoõm y anrkjeoõm eëvoej, `jm sobn jetnrcs y tcstohns bc ’kjre`js y enmtrjkjre`js‛ cm ij enmstrueeoõm bc mucstrj mjeoõm, mje oõm, enkn sc pucbc jprceojr kês jbcijmtc, cm ci jeêpotc :.6. Tjrj okpuisjr ins bovcrsns prnecsns bc knbcrmozjeoõm, bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, bc rchonmjiozjeoõm y ntrns quc ci pjës rcquocrc cs mcecsjron quc ins eoubjbjmns y ins pniëtoens quc ins rcprcscmtjm eucmtcm e ucmtcm enm omanrkjeoõm jbceujbj eenm nm fjsc tjmtnfocm tcõroej enknyenmecptuji enmstrueeoõm bc enmscmsns nfgctovns boscújbns nrocmtjbns jpjrj umjijvosoõm bc bcsjrrniin quc eukpijy enm ijs kctjs bci Jeucrbn Mjeonmji y ins Nfgctovns bc Bcsjrrniin Unstcmofic, bc ejrj j inhrjr mucstrj omeiusoõm cm ij Nrhjmozjeoõm bc Ennpcrjeoõm pjrj pjr j ci Bcsjrrniin Cenmõkoen (NEBC).
EJTËRSIN O7 ENMRCPRN BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
:5
EJTËRSIN O
Enmtcxtn bc ij bcsecmtr bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm jiozjeoõm
:.:
Eucstonmcs prciokomjrcs
Ci pjës sc cmeucmtrj ‒enm acrvnr pjtroõtoen y kue`n cmtusojskn‒ cm kcbon bc jiusonmcs y bc prcpjrjtovns pjrj ij enmkcknrjeoõm bci foecmtcmjron bc ij ombcpcmbcmeoj cm pnen kcmns bc eomen júns. Ji cacetn, ci Ecmtrn bc Tijmcjkocmtn Cstrjtïhoen Mjeonmji (ECTIJM ) `j anrkuijbn ci Tijm Foecmtcmjron ’Ci Tcr÷ `jeoj ci 646:‛, jprnfjbn pnr ci Jeucrbn Mjeonmji cm 64::. Burjmtc ins ÷itokns :?3 júns sc `jm rcjiozjbn k÷itopics jeeonmcs, cmtrc prnpucstjs, rceijkns c omtcmtns bc rchonmjiozjeoõm y bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, bcsecmtrjiozj eoõm, cm kcbon bc puhmjs pniëtoejs y bc enmstoetns bovcrsns. Jquë cs fucmn prchumtjrsc so sc `j jvjmzjbn cm ij enmstrueeoõm bc um pjës bcsecmtrjiozjbn, bcknerêtoen, omeiusovn< pcrn ij eucstoõm eijvc pjrj ins cseïptoens bc cstc prnecsn, cmtrc quocmcs sc omeiuyc ci jutnr bc cstjs iëmcjs, cs rcspnmbcr j ij prchumtj7 ¾pnr quï mn sc `j inhrjbn ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm bci pjës cm bnseocmtns júns> Ij `opõtcsos quc jquë sc suserofc: cs quc ins omhrcsns sejics snm kuy fjgns cm rcijeoõm enm ijs mcecsobjbcs bc ins eoubjbjmns bc tnbn ci tcrrotnron< cstj csejscz bc rceursns pnr bostrofuor hcmcrj enmtomujs enmarnmtjeonmcs cmtrc ins iëbcrcs pniëtoens. Uo ij ’tnrtj‛ cs kuy e`oej, in kês prnfjfic cs quc ij pnreoõm kês hrjmbc scj pjrj quocm pjrtc y rcpjrtc< y pjrj gustoejr
:
@opõtcsos prnpucstj pnr ci bnetnr Ntnmoci Qcijsen, ssneon neon bci Omstotutn bc Vcanrkj bci Cstjbn y Knbcrmozjeoõm bc ij Jbkomostrjeoõm T÷fioej (OVCKJT).
:1
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
tji bostrofueoõm sc `jm cshrokobn ins jrhukcmtns kês vjrojbns y sc `jm
ckpicjbn ins suftcrauhons kês ercjtovns, enkn sc vcrê kês jbcijmtc. :.6
Trnecsn pcrujmn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm
Cm ij ernmninhëj sohuocmtcenmeiusonmcs sc cmeucmtrjm cickcmtns pjrj ci jmêiosos prnecsn, tji vcz jihumjs y mukcrnsjs prnpucstjs. Uc bci `j sciceeonmjbn jihumns `ce`ns enmsobcrjbns rcicvjmtcs y quc pcrkotcm jprceojr in scújijbn cm ins pêrrjans prcecbcmtcs. • :06: Ci hcmcrji Gnsï bc Ujm Kjrtëm, enkn pjrtc bc ij hcstj iofcrtjbnrj iofcrtjbnrj enmtomcmtji, jpnyj y bceijrj ij ombcpcmbcmeoj bci Tcr÷ bci bnkomon cspjúni. Ji jún sohuocmtc sc enmvnejm ciceeonmcs pjrj umj Jsjkficj Enmstotuycmtc quc tcmbrëj ij kosoõm bc cstjficecr ij anrkj bc hnfocrmn bci Tcr÷ y cijfnrjr ij prokcrj Enmstotueoõm. Uc jprnfõ ci sostckj rcpufioejmn enm bovosoõm bc pnbcrcs, ji cstoin arjmeïs. • :066 ci Uc prokcr mnkfrjtcxtn ij prokcrj Gumtj bc Hnfocrmn, y ji jún sohuocmtc sc bj enmstotueonmji, quc mn sc prnkuihj pjrj ajeoiotjr ijs jeeonmcs bci hcmcrji Uokõm Fniëvjr, quc enmbueëj ijs fjtjiijs mjics bc ij ombcpcmbcmeoj. Cm rcjiobjb, Ujm Kjrtëm prnknvëj um Cstjbn rcpufioejmn, y Fniëvjr umj knmjrquëj pjrijkcmtjroj. • :062 Uc ercjm ijs Jsjkficjs Ichosijtovjs Bcpjrtjkcmtjics, quc enmstotuycm ci prokcr omtcmtn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. Uc omstjijrnm cm :060, pcrn mn iichjrnm j aumeonmjr. • :061 Uokõm Fniëvjr bj umj Enmstotueoõm votjioeoj enmscrvjbnrj. Cm juscmeoj bci Iofcrtjbnr, Ujmtj Eruz prnkuihj umj Enmstotueoõm prnhrcsostj. • :02? Cm um enmtcxtn bc bckjmbjs bc jutnmnkëj, sc mnkfrjm prcacetns cm bcpjrtjkcmtns, sufprcacetns cm prnvomeojs y hnfcrmjbnrcs cm bostrotns, tnbns bcpcmbocmtcs bci hnfocrmn mjeonmji. Uc trjtj bc umj kcbobj bc bcsenmecmtrjeoõm. • :085 :085 Eujrtj Icy bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs (hnfocrmn eovoi bc Trjbn). • :0?4 Rcrkomjbj ij hucrrj enm E`oic, ins iëbcrcs bcpjrtjkcmtjics pobcm bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji enkn kcbobj pjrj okpuisjr ci bcsjrrniin bcsbc ijs prnvomeojs. Mn tocmcm ïxotn. • :?:? Juhustn F. Ichuëj Ichuëj mnkfrj enmscgns bcpjrtjkcmtjics y enmecgns kumoeopjics< iuchn ercj eujtrn jsneojeonmcs rchonmjics bc
EJTËRSIN O7 ENMRCPRN BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
kumoeopjiobjbcs pjrj arcmjr ci erceocmtc pnbcr pniëtoen quc sc
:8
enmsniobjfj cm ins bcpjrtjkcmtns. • :? :?56 56 Ij Enkosoõm Enkosoõm Qoiijrêm Qoiijrêm jprucfj ij Icy M.´ 804? bc Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm Jbkomostrjtovj. Jbkomostr jtovj. Ji jún sohuocmtc, ij Enmstotueoõm Enmstotueoõm Tniëtoej ij cxeiuyc pnr ’pnmcr cm rocshn‛ ij umobjb mjeonmji. • :?21 Uc bj ijs ij Icy bc Bcpjrtjkcmtjics Ciceeoõm Kumoeopji, quc mnT÷fioejs sc jpioeõ. Cm:?34, :?20ijs sc ercjm Gumtjs bc Nfrjs y, cm Enrpnrjeonmcs Bcpjrtjkcmtjics. • :?15 Ci prcsobcmtc Acrmjmbn Fcijumbc Rcrry enmvnej ciceeonmcs kumoeopjics cm tnbn ci pjës, y bns júns bcspuïs bcspu ïs sc ercj ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷ (JKTC). • :?10 Sm hnipc bc Cstjbn iobcrjbn pnr ci hcmcrji Gujm Qcijsen Qcijsen Jivjrjbn enmbuec j ij ecmtrjiozjeoõm tntji. • :?8? Ij Jsjkficj Enmstotuycmtc cichobj cm :?80 jprucfj umj mucvj Enmstotueoõm Tniëtoej, quc cmtrjrëj cm vohcmeoj ji jún • :?04 sohuocmtc. Cm guion sc omoeoj ci schumbn pcronbn bc hnfocrmn bc Acrmjmbn Fcijumbc y scos kcscs bcspuïs sc rcjiozjm ciceeonmcs kumoeopjics. Uc bj ij Icy Nrhêmoej bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs y sc ercjm Enrpnrjeonmcs Bcpjrtjkcmtjics. Uc vucivc j enmstotuor ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷. • :?0? Uc omoeoj ci Tijm Mjeonmji bc Vchonmjiozjeoõm enm fjsc cm :6 hnfocrmns rchonmjics enm nrocmtjeoõm pniëtoej< iuchn sc bcfoiotj hrjbujikcmtc pnr omoeojtovjs prnbcpjrtjkcmtjiostjs. • :??5 Ci Enmhrcsn Enmstotuycmtc Bcknerêtoen prnkuihj ij ÷itokj Enmstotueoõm Tniëtoej, vohcmtc `jstj `ny, quc bovobc ji pjës cm rchonmcs, bcpjrtjkcmtns, prnvomeojs y bostrotns. Uc bj jutnmnkëj pniëtoej j hnfocrmns rchonmjics y inejics y sc cstjficec ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm enkn Tniëtoej bc Cstjbn. • 6446 Ci hnfocrmn bc Jicgjmbrn Rnicbn bj b j Icy bc Fjscs bc ij Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, ij Icy Nrhêmoej bc Hnfocrmns Vchonmjics y ij Icy Nrhêmoej bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs. Uc ercj ci Enmscgn Mjeonmji bc Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. • 6443 Ci hnfocrmn prnkucvc, som ïxotn, ij ercjeoõm bc kjernrrchonmcs, pnr knboejeoõm enmstotueonmji bc 64437 ’Ijs rchonmcs sc ercjm j pjrtor bc bns n kês bcpjrtjkcmtns‛.
:0
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
• 6448 Ci hnfocrmn bc Jijm Hjreëj omoeoj rcecmtrjiozjeoõm rcecmtrjiozje oõm pniëtoej, cenmõkoej y jbkomostrjtovj enm ci prctcxtn bc ij ’knbcrmozjeoõm
bci Cstjbn‛. Uc rcbuec ci prcsupucstn bc ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y ins hnfocrmns inejics pjrj ercjr ’anmbns enmeursjfics‛ y ’pijmcs bc omecmtovns‛. • 64:: Ci hnfocrmn hnfocrmn bc Niijmtj @ukjij enmtom÷j pniëtoej pniëtoej bc rcecmtrjiozjeoõm. rcecmtrjiozjeoõm. Uc rcbuec j÷m kês ci prcsupucstn pjrj hnfocrmns rchonmjics y hnfocrmns inejics. Ci Komostcron bc Cenmnkëj y Aomjmzjs, j trjvïs bc enkpioejbns sostckjs jbkomostrjtovns, rjicmtozj ij hcstoõm rchonmji y ineji. • 64:1 Cm ejkpjúj, ci ejmbobjtn Tcbrn Tjfin Luezymslo narcec bcsecmtrjiozjr ci pjës, pcrn, yj cm ci hnfocrmn, enmecmtrj su hcstoõm j trjvïs bc hnfocrmns omtcrkcbons, trjsijbjmbn ci knbcin ecmtrjiostj j ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics. Tjsjbns eocm bëjs bc b c su hcstoõm, mn `jy omboeons bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. Cm sëmtcsos, trjmseurrobns :?3 júns bc vobj rcpufioejmj, ci pjës `j trjmsotjbn pnr bovcrsns topns bc ejuboiioskn, boetjburjs, hucrrjs, hnfocrmns koiotjrcs y hnfocrmns eovoics, enm vjrojs jbkomostrjeonmcs ecmtrjiostjs y kuy pnej bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. Ij sneocbjb pcrujmj mn `j inhrjbn enmsniobjr umj jutïmtoej eoubjbjmëj, bc knbn quc cstê pcmbocmtc umj sõiobj cbuejeoõm eëvoej quc enmbuzej ji pjës pnr csj rutj. Uo focm cstns tckjs snm trjtjbns enm eocrtj arceucmeoj, ci rcsuitjbn pjrcec cstïroi pnr ij cmnrkc boacrcmeoj bc tcnrëjs y enmecptns quc sc kjmcgjm. Tcrn in kês prcneupjmtc cs quc ijs obcjs y knbcins bc knbcrmozjeoõm bci Cstjbn y ijs bovcrsjs jrkjeonmcs y pjrjbohkjs sc sohucm sustcmtjmbn cm kotns quc cs mcecsjron rcvosjr y pnmcr cm bcfjtc pjrj fusejr enmscmsns.
EJTËRSIN O7 ENMRCPRN BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
:?
:.5
Ejrjetcrozjeoõm bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm
Bcspuïs ij ejëbjmucvns bci rïhokcm bc yJifcrtn Augoknro, ci cm Tcr÷ ckpoczj jbcrcsporjr jorcs bcjutnrotjron bcknerjeoj bc rcanrkj cstjtji, ij f÷squcbj pnr kcgnrjr ij rcijeoõm cmtrc ij eoubjbjmëj y ijs jutnrobjbcs. Ij prokcrj cxprcsoõm bc cstns ejkfons sc kjmocstj cm ci pcronbn mnvockfrc 6444-guion 644:, cm ci bcmnkomjbn hnfocrmn bc trjmsoeoõm iobcrjbn pnr Q Qjicmtëm jicmtëm Tjmojhuj, quocm prctcmbc rctnkjr ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm enkn umj Tniëtoej bc Cstjbn enm ci enmscmsn bc ijs aucrzjs pniëtoejs. Cm 6446, cichobn yj Jicgjmbrn Rnicbn enkn prcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej, cstj omoeojtovj tnkj aucrzj cm ci hnfocrmn, pucs sc ckpoczj j bcmor um kjren mnrkjtovn quc `jrëj pnsofic ci prnecsn y anrtjicecrenkpjrtobjs, ci rni bc ins hnfocrmns sufmjeonmjics j pjrtor bc huojr aumeonmcs y enkpctcmeojs jsë enkn bc ij jutnmnkëj cm ijs bceosonmcs y rceursns, pjrj inhrjr okpjetns pnsotovns cm ij eoubjbjmëj y su ejiobjb bc vobj. Cm cstc kjren, ij prokcrj mnrkj prnkuihjbj pjrj bcmor y nrocmtjr ci prnecsn cs ij Icy bc Fjscs bc ij Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, Icy M.´ 68805, quc bctcrkomj quc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm tocmc enkn mjiobjb ci bcsjrrniin omtchrji, jrkõmoen y snstcmofic bci pjës kcbojmtc ij scpjrjeoõm bc enkpctcmeojs y aumeonmcs y ci cquoiofrjbn cgcreoeon bci pnbcr pnr ins trcs movcics bc hnfocrmn, cm fcmceon bc ij pnfijeoõm.
64
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
Cstj koskj Icy rchuij ij enmanrkjeoõm bc ijs rchonmcs y kumoeopjiobjbcs, cstjficec ijs enkpctcmeojs bc ins trcs movcics bc hnfocrmn y gj ins focmcs y rceursns bc ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y inejics< jsokoskn, mnrkj ijs rcijeonmcs
cmtrc ins bostomtns movcics bc hnfocrmn. Bcsbc ci pumtn bc vostj enmecptuji, sc bcfc cmtcmbcr quc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cs TniëtoejbcbcijsCstjbn enmstotueonmjikcmtc enkn rcsuitjbn bciumj enmscmsn aucrzjsrcenmneobj pniëtoejs quc suserofocrnm ci Jeucrbn Mjeonmji ji omoeon bci mucvn koicmon. Ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cs pjrtc bc ij rcanrkj bci Cstjbn pcrujmn y tocmc enkn mjiobjb ci bcsjrrniin omtchrji, jrkõmoen y snstcmofic bci pjës cm fcmceon bc ij pnfijeoõm. Enm csc prnpõsotn, ij mnrkjtovj `j cstjficeobn ij bostrofueoõm bc enkpctcmeojs, aumeonmcs y rceursns cmtrc trcs movcics bc hnfocrmn ‒hnfocrmn mjeonmji, hnfocrmns rchonmjics y hnfocrmns inejics‒ pjrj ci cgcreoeon cquoiofrjbn bci pnbcr cstjtji, jsë enkn ij nrhjmozjeoõm bci tcrrotnron bc kjmcrj rjeonmji pjrj hjrjmtozjr ij jbceujbj prcstjeoõm bc scrvoeons j ij eoubjbjmëj. Enm fjsc cm ins promeopons quc cstjficec ij Icy, ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cs7 j) Tcrkjmcmtc7 enmstotuyc umj pniëtoej pcrkjmcmtc bc Cstjbn, bc ejrêetcr
nfiohjtnron, euyn cacetn vomeuijmtc jiejmzj j tnbns sus pnbcrcs, nrhjmoskns enmstotueonmjics jutõmnkns y ji hnfocrmn cm su enmgumtn. f) Bomêkoej7 cs um prnecsn enmstjmtc y enmtomun< sc cgceutj cm anrkj hrjbuji, pnr ctjpjs, prcvocmbn ij jbceujbj jsohmjeoõm bc enkpctcmeojs y ij trjmsacrcmeoj bc rceursns bci movci ecmtrji `jeoj ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y ins hnfocrmns inejics< prnkucvc ij omtchrjeoõm rchonmji y ij enmstotueoõm kjernrrchonmcs. e) Orrcvcrsofic7 ci bc prnecsn bcfc hjrjmtozjr,
cm ci ijrhn pijzn, um pjës cspjeojikcmtc kcgnr nrhjmozjbn, pnfijeonmjikcmtc kcgnr bostrofuobn, cenmõkoej y sneojikcmtc kês gustn y cquotjtovn, jkfocmtjikcmtc snstcmofic, jsë enkn pniëtoejkcmtc omstotueonmjiozjbn. b) Bcknerêtoej7 cs umj anrkj bc nrhjmozjeoõm bcknerêtoej bci Cstjbn quc sc bcsjrrniij cm ins pijmns pniëtoen, sneoji, cenmõkoen, euiturji, jbkomostrjtovn y mjmeocrn. Trnkucvc ij ohujibjb bc npnrtumobjbcs, ij pjrtoeopjeoõm y ij enmecrtjeoõm cm ij hcstoõm bc hnfocrmn. c) Omtchrji7 jfjrej c omtcrrcijeonmj j tnbn ci Cstjbn cm ci cspjeon mjeonmji, jsë enkn ijs jetovobjbcs provjbjs cm sus bovcrsjs bovcrs js knbjiobjbcs, kcbojmtc
EJTËRSIN O7 ENMRCPRN BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
ci cstjficeokocmtn bc rchijs gurëboejs eijrjs quc hjrjmtoecm ci bcsjrrniin omtchrji bci pjës. a) Uufsob Uufsobojroj7 ojroj7 supnmc y cxohc quc ij jsohmjeoõm bc enkpctcmeojs y aumeonmcs j ejbj movci bc hnfocrmn scj cquoiofrjbj y jbceujbj j ij kcgnr prcstjeoõm
6:
bc ins scrvoeons bci Cstjbn j ij enkumobjb. h) Hrjbuji7 ci prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm sc rcjiozj pnr pn r ctjpjs, cm anrkj y nrbcmjbj, j erotcrons quc pcrkotjm jbceujbj yprnhrcsovj eijrj jsohmjeoõm bc enmanrkc enkpctcmeojs y trjmsacrcmeojs bc umj rceursns bci hnfocrmn mjeonmji `jeoj ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y inejics, cvotjmbn ij bupioeobjb. Iuchn bc ij Icy bc Fjscs bc ij Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, ci ejkfon cm ij cstrueturj aumeonmji bci Cstjbn crj trjsecmbcmtc. Trokcrn, pnrquc jpjrcec um mucvn movci bc hnfocrmn bcmnkomjbn hnfocrmns rchonmjics enm su prnpoj icy nrhêmoej, enm ij omtcmeoõm bc hcmcrjr omstotueonmjiobjb j pjrtor bc ij omtchrjeoõm bc ins 62 bcpjrtjkcmtns bci Tcr÷. Uom ckfjrhn, snin sc ercjrnm ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y mn sc omtchrjrnm ins bcpjrtjkcmtns, sotujeoõm quc mn auc rctnkjbj cm insy Niijmtj bns hnfocrmns quc suecbocrnm ji bc Jicgjmbrn R Rnicbn, nicbn, ci bc Jijm Hjreëj @ukjij. Tnr ci ijbn bc ins hnfocrmns inejics, ij rcanrkj sc ecmtrõ cm kcgnrjr ij rcijeoõm enm ij eoubjbjmëj, cstjficeocmbn ij ercjeoõm bc kcejmoskns bc pjrtoeopjeoõm eoubjbjmj enkn ci Enmscgn bc Ennrbomjeoõm Ineji, ci Trcsupucstn Tjrtoeopjtovn, cmtrc ntrns. Jbckês, sc okpuisõ ci trjsijbn bc enkpctcmeojs y aumeonmcs bc prnhrjkjs sneojics `jeoj ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs, kumoeopjiobjbcs , pcrn cstj kcbobj mn cstuvn jenkpjújbj bc rceursns y prcsupucstn, in quc snfrcejrhõ ijs rcspnmsjfoiobjbcs bc ij omstotueonmjiobjb kumoeopji y rcbugn su ejpjeobjb bc jeeoõm cm fcmceon bci bcsjrrniin bc sus tcrrotnrons. Bc csc fucm omoeon j ij jetujiobjb, kue`j jhuj `j enrrobn fjgn ci pucmtc. Bc 6446 j guion bc 64:1, ci Tcr÷ `j tcmobn trcs hnfcrmjmtcs y ejbj umn ic `j bjbn um kjtoz bostomtn j cstj pniëtoej enmstotueonmji, enm stotueonmji, okpnmocmbn su prnpon sciin pcrn, snfrc tnbn, rc-ecmtrjiozjmbn ci Cstjbn.
EJTËRSIN O7 ENMRCPRN BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
EJTËRSIN OO
65
Kotns bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cm ci Tcr÷
¾Tnr quï mn sc `j inhrjbn ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cm bnseocmtns júns> Smj prokcrj rcspucstj cs pnrquc `jy npomonmcs jmtjhõmoejs snfrc ij enmvcmocmeoj en mvcmocmeoj bci knbcin y su pcrtomcmeoj enkn kcbon pjrj okpuisjr ci bcsjrrniin. Cm cacetn, quocmcs ercckns cm ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm enkn ci ejkomn kês enrtn pjrj ci bcsjrrniin tjkfoïm snkns enmseocmtcs bc quc mn tnbn bcfc scr bcsecmtrjiozjbn. bcpijmtcj ins poijrcs bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm ci promeopon 6 quc bc sufsobojrocbjb,Smn qucbcsnmij ins hnfocrmns kêscsecrejmns j ij pnfijeoõm ins quc bcfcm jsukor ij jtcmeoõm bc ins prnfickjs vceomjics< som ckfjrhn, umn bc ins jrhukcmtns bc ij ecmtrjiozjeoõm cs ij cspceojiozjeoõm, bc knbn quc jihumjs aumeonmcs enkn ci ejtjstrn, `ny fjgn hcstoõm kumoeopji, scrëj kjmcgjbn kês ceocmtckcmtc pnr umj cmtobjb bc êkfotn mjeonmji. Smj schumbj rcspucstj jtjúc j su mjturjiczj pniëtoej, cm tjmtn bcsecmtrjiozjr okpioej trjmsacror, enkpjrtor n bcvnivcr umj `crrjkocmtj pniëtoejkcmtc rcmtjfic. tcrecrj tocmcbc quckue`ns vcr enm kotns ij csejscz enmecptns yAomjikcmtc, tcnrëjs, jsëumj enkn enmrcspucstj ij cxostcmeoj euyjbccxpnsoeoõm cs ci nfgctn promeopji bc cstc cmsjyn. Cm csj iëmcj, sc jbcijmtjm jihumjs bcmoeonmcs snfrc ijs quc `jy kue`j enmausoõm. Cm eujmtn j ins rchëkcmcs jbkomostrjtovns, cxostc umj enmausoõm fjstjmtc enk÷m cmtrc ij bcsenmecmtrjeoõm y ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. Kocmtrjs ij prokcrj
6
Bc ij Cmeëeioej pjpji Vcruk Mnvjruk n bc ins ejkfons pniëtoens. Tjpj Icõm POOO (:0?:).
61
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
cs um prnecsn bc trjmsacrcmeoj tcrrotnroji bc hcstoõm, rceursns y kcbons, som pnbcr bc bceosoõm snfrc ciins, ij schumbj enmsostc cm bcvnivcr pnbcrcs pniëtoens, cenmõkoens y jbkomostrjtovns ji hnfocrmn ineji y ji hnfocrmn rchonmji, enmanrkc in cstopuij ij Enmstotueoõm. Ropns bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm
Ins promeopjics snm ins sohuocmtcs7 • Tniëtoej7 jutnrobjbcs inejics bcmcm pniëtoejs p÷fioejs rchonmjics. • Jbkomostrjtovj7 scrvoeons inejics mjmeojbns (bcichjeoõm). • Aoseji7 hcmcrjeoõm ineji bc mjmeojkocmtn. • Cenmõkoej7 bc kcrejbn (provjtozjeoõm bc scrvoeons). Anrkjs bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm • Trnecsn cxõhcmn7 enmecsoõm bc jrrofj `jeoj jfjgn. • Trnecsn cmbõhcmn7 bckjmbj bc jfjgn `jeoj jrrofj.
6.:
Unfrc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm y rchonmjiozjeoõm
Kotn7 Ij enmst enmstrueeoõ rueeoõm m bc mucvj mucvjss y kês hrjm hrjmbcs bcs rch rchonmcs onmcs bcfc hcmcr hcmcrjr jr fjscs pjrj um mucvn cquoiofron cm ij bostrofueoõm cspjeoji bci pnbcr y pcrkotor kcgnrcs enmboeonmcs pjrj ci bcsjrrniin tcrrotnroji.
Ji rcspcetn, jquë sc enmsobcrj en msobcrj quc rchonmcs kês hrjmbcs pucbcm prnpoeojr um mucvn cquoiofron y umj kcgnr bostrofueoõm cspjeoji bci pnbcr, pcrn csn mn hjrjmtozj enmboeonmcs kês õptokjs pjrj ci bcsjrrniin rchonmji somn quc, pnr ci enmtrjron, hcmcrjrëj um ecmtrjioskn cquovjicmtc ji bci hnfocrmn mjeonmji mj eonmji y umj enmtrjboeeoõm enm ci promeopon bc sufsobojrocbjb. omtchrjeoõm b bcc ins jetujics bcpjrtjkcmtns cm mucv mucvjs js rrchonmcs chonmcs ccss Kotn7 Ij omtchrjeoõm umn bc ins rjshns ecmtrjics bc ij rcanrkj bcsecmtrjiostj.
Cm ci pêrrjan jmtcronr sc `j boe`n quc ij omtchrjeoõm bc ins jetujics bcpjrtjkcmtns cm mucvjs rchonmcs prnvnejrëj um ecmtrjioskn cquovjicmtc ji bci hnfocrmn mjeonmji y umj enmtrjboeeoõm enm ci promeopon bc sufsobojrocbjb. Jquë sc jhrchj quc rchonmcs kês hrjmbcs tcrkomjm jicgjmbn ji j i Cstjbn bc ins eoubjbjmns. Ci scetnr provjbn mn rcquocrc bc jbkomostrjeonmcs tcrrotnrojics kês hrjmbcs ‒enm ci prctcxtn bc ij ceocmeoj‒, somn kês jkohjfics y kcmns
EJTËRSIN OO7 KORNU BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM CM CI TCV×
furnerêtoejs. Tnr ciin, ij boskomueoõm bc fjrrcrjs furnerêtoejs cs kês okpnrtjmtc quc `jecr jbkomostrjeonmcs jbkomostrjeonmcs kês ceocmtcs. Cstj enmsobcrjeoõm tjkfoïm cxpioejrëj ci supucstn arjejsn bc ins omtcmtns bc rchonmjiozjeoõm, pnrquc, jbckês bc enmsobcrjeonmcs cenmõkoejs n prnbuetovjs, cxostcm rjznmcs sneojics y scmtokocmtns bc pcrtcmcmeoj y bc obcmtoejeoõm enm su tcrrotnron bcpjrtjkcmtji< ijs trjboeonmcs cstêm kês jsneojbjs enm ci bcpjrtjkcmtn quc enm ij rchoõm, y cstn schuorê socmbn jsë pnr kue`n
68
tockpn, j kcmnsjeoõm. quc sc `jhj um trjfjgn bc enmeocmeojeoõm snfrc ijs vcmtjgjs bc ij rchonmjiozjeoõm. rchonmjioz Kotn7 @jy quc rchonmjiozjr rchonmjiozjr pjrj bcsecmtrjiozjr bcsecmtrjiozjr.. Cstj enmausoõm cstê kuy boaumbobj, jumquc mn vj jenkpjújbj bc um sustcmtn rjeonmji. Kocmtrjs quc ij rchonmjiozjeoõm cs umj nrhjmozjeoõm bci tcrrotnron enm mcs bc nrbcmjkocmtn y hcstoõm, ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cs umj jeeoõm bc rcstotueoõm n trjmsacrcmeoj bc pnbcr bc bceosoõm j ijs jutnrobjbcs bc tcrrotnrons rchonmjics y inejics. Kês focm, ïstc pjrcec um prctcxtn pjrj mn bcvnivcr ci pnbcr y ins rceursns. omtcrcsjmtc rcstcxonmjr snfrc sopnbrëjm pnsoficrcijeonmjrsc bcsecmtrjiozjr som rchonmjiozjr yInvoecvcrsj. voecvcrsj . Uo cs focm cstns prnecsns pcsnbrëjm y, cvcmtujikcmtc, enmtrofuor enm ci boscún nrhjmozjeonmji, ij cvobcmeoj kucstrj quc `jy pjëscs rchonmjiozjbns y kuy ecmtrjiozjbns, enkn E`oic, y pjëscs bcsecmtrjiozjbns som rchonmcs jbkomostrjtovjs, enkn Fniovoj< Eninkfoj, j su vcz, tocmc rchonmcs enmsniobjbjs y umj bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm pcrkjmcmtc. Cm ci eujbrn : sc kucstrjm ijs ejrjetcrëstoejs bc ne`n pjëscs, trcs bc Curnpj y eomen bc Jkïroej bci Uur, Uur, enm ci prnpõsotn bc jmjiozjr ij pnfijeoõm, supcreoc bci tcrrotnron mjeonmji, ejmtobjb bc tcrrotnrons rchonmjics y inejics. Unfrc cstj fjsc, sc enkpjrjm bcmsobjbcs y ntrns omboejbnrcs pjrj umj kcgnr enkprcmsoõm bci bcfjtc jecrej ij boseusoõm y bc ins kotns bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. Ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm rcenmnec ij cxostcmeoj bc um êkfotn mjeonmji quc sc sustcmtj cm ci promeopon bci Cstjbn enkn um tcrrotnron enm pnfijeoõm quc hnzj bc snfcrjmëj, ij prcscmeoj bc rchonmcs enm fjsc cm um tcrrotnron y ij aumeoõm bc prcscmeoj kuitoscetnroji y um cmanquc trjmscetnroji c omtcrhufcrmjkcmtji, jsë enkn bc hnfocrmns inejics euyj aumeoõm cs cstjficecr umj rcijeoõm ecrejmj y borcetj enm ijs mcecsobjbcs sneojics.
60
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
ESJBVN : Tnfijeoõm cm ci tcrrotnron (`jf. /lk6)
Jickjmoj Arjmeoj Cspjúj Ceujbnr
Tnfijeoõm (`jfotjmtcs) 0:‟024,444 13‟844,444 22‟404,444 :3‟532,444
Cxtcmsoõm (lk6) 538,46: 182,025 343,??6 605,31:
Eninkfoj
23‟65?,48?
:‟:2:,820
Tjëscs
Bcmsobjb (`jf./lk6) 66?,65 ?8,51 08,:6 32,:3 5?,16
Vïhokcm bc hnfocrmn Acbcrji Smotjron Smotjron Smotjron Smotjron
Tcr÷ E`oic Fniovoj
54‟283,444 :1‟152,145 :4‟:44,444
:‟603,6:3 831,:46 :‟4?0,632
65,8: 66,44 ?,6:
Smotjron Smotjron Smotjron
Aucmtc7 Omtcrmct. Xolopcboj, omanrkjeoõm bc ins pjëscs. Cijfnrjeoõm7 TVNKEJB-OMOEJK.
Tcrn pjrj quc ci knbcin aumeonmc cs mcecsjron quc ijs enkpctcmeojs y ijs aumeonmcs bc ejbj êkfotn bc hnfocrmn cstïm focm bcmobjs, omeiuycmbn ijs euntjs pniëtoejs quc bcfcm bostrofuorsc cmtc ijs jutnrobjbcs mjeonmjics, rchonmjics y inejics. Bc ntrn knbn, mn tcmbrëj scmtobn quc `ufocrj trcs movcics bc hnfocrmn. Ij bostrofueoõm y jsohmjeoõm bc rnics y aumeonmcs j ins bostomtns êkfotns bc hnfocrmn bcfcm cstjr jsneojbjs enm ijs enkpctcmeojs quc bcfcm jsukor enm fjsc cm ins promeopons bc sufsobojrocbjb, obnmcobjb, cquobjb, cejeoj y ceocmeoj, cmtrc ntrns, pcrn, ji koskn tockpn, okpuisjmbn prnecsns bc bcsjrrniin bc ejpjeobjbcs pjrj jsukor enkpctcmeojs y aumeonmcs. 6.6
Unfrc ij mjturjiczj y ejrjetcrëstoejs bc ijs rchonmcs Ins bcpjrtjkcmtns snm êkfotns omjbceujbns, enrrcspnmbcm j umj Kotn7 `crcmeoj eninmoji y `jy quc ercjr kjernrrchonmcs. Ïstj cs umj boseusoõm quc mn tocmc scmtobn, pnrquc ins bcpjrtjkcmtns `jm sobn euiturjikcmtc jecptjbns pnr sus `jfotjmtcs, quocmcs `jm bcsjrrniijbn enm ciins um scmtobn bc obcmtobjb y bc pcrtcmcmeoj.
Kotn7 Bcfcm knboejrsc ins iëkotcs bc ins bcpjrtjkcmtns cm aumeoõm bc ijs eucmejs hcnhrêejs.
Ucrëj obcji quc ins iëkotcs mjturjics ‒enkn ijs eucmejs hcnhrêejs‒ enmeucrbcm enm ins êkfotns votjics bc ijs pcrsnmjs, y cs prnfjfic quc
EJTËRSIN OO7 KORNU BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM CM CI TCV×
cm kue`ns iuhjrcs um omjbceujbn iëkotc tcrrotnroji scj omenmvcmocmtc pjrj ins `jfotjmtcs. Tcrn knboejrins cs kês enstnsn sneoji y pniëtoejkcmtc. Jsë enkn tnbns ins bcpjrtjkcmtns snm umj `crcmeoj eninmoji, in koskn suecbc enm ins pjëscs, quc sokpickcmtc cxostcm enkn tjics y mn sc eucstonmjm sus iëkotcs tcrrotnrojics. In obcji `ufocrj sobn quc ijs pnfijeonmcs bcmocrjm sus iëkotcs pnr eucmejs, pcrn mn sc `ozn, bc knbn quc `jy quc jecptjrins enkn cstêm.
6?
Kotn7 Bcfcm ausonmjrsc vjrons bcpjrtjkcmtns pjrj quc cxostjm enkn kêxokn eujtrn n scos rchonmcs, enm ci m bc iicvjr j ejfn hcstonmcs kês ceocmtcs y cejecs.
Cxostc umj erccmeoj, crrõmcj y kuy boaumbobj, sch÷m ij euji kocmtrjs kês hrjmbc scj um tcrrotnron kês pntcmtc scrê y tcmbrê kjynrcs pntcmeojiobjbcs pntcme ojiobjbcs pjrj okpuisjr su bcsjrrniin. Uom ckfjrhn, jetujikcmtc sc jprceoj quc kue`ns tcrrotnrons rcsuitjm yj kuy hrjmbcs bcsbc ci pumtn bc vostj jbkomostrjtovn y bc hcstoõm. Uo ij eotjbj erccmeoj aucrj aucr j eocrtj, cstn cs, so j kjynr tjkjún kjynr ceocmeoj, mn ejfrëj bubj bc quc scrëj kês enmvcmocmtc ausonmjr ins tcrrotnrons, mn cm eujtrn n eomen rchonmcs, somn cm umj snij7 jsë cstjrëj hjrjmtozjbj ij cacetovobjb jfsniutj. Tcrn, cm rcjiobjb, ïstc cs um jrhukcmtn ecmtrjiostj bc quocmcs erccm quc bcsbc ci hnfocrmn mjeonmji sc `jecm kcgnr ijs hcstonmcs. @jfrëj quc prchumtjrsc pnr quï so um êkfotn bcpjrtjkcmtji mn cs jbceujbn, jbce ujbn, bc bõmbc surhc ij obcj bc quc ij sukj bc bns n kês êkfotns omjbceujbns bjrê enkn rcsuitjbn um fucm êkfotn. Trceosjkcmtc j pjrtor bc cstns crrjbns erotcrons, cm ci jún 6443 ci Enmscgn Mjeonmji bc Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm knboeõ ij Enmstotueoõm Tniëtoej bc :??5, sustotuycmbn ci tcxtn quc cstjficeëj quc ’\i[js Vchonmcs sc enmstotuycm pnr omoeojtovj y kjmbjtn bc ijs pnfijeonmcs pcrtcmceocmtcs j umn n kês bcpjrtjkcmtns eniombjmtcs. Ijs prnvomeojs y ins bostrotns enmtohuns pucbcm jsokoskn omtchrjrsc n ejkfojr bc eoreumseropeoõm‛, pnr ntrn quc cstjficec quc7 ’Kcbojmtc rcacrïmbuk pnbrêm omtchrjrsc bns n kês eoreumseropeonmcs bcpjrtjkcmtjics enmtohujs pjrj enmstotuor umj rchoõm, enmanrkc j icy. icy. Ohuji prnecbokocmtn sohucm ijs prnvomeojs y bostrotns enmtohuns pjrj ejkfojr bc eoreumseropeoõm rchonmji‛. Cstc ejkfon `ozn omvojfic ci prnecsn bc rchonmjiozjeoõm.
54
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
Rnkjmbn enkn rcacrcmeoj ij omanrkjeoõm bc ins ne`n pjë Rnkjmbn pjëscs scs omboejbns omboejbns cm cm ci eujbrn :, sc jmjiozjm y enkpjrjm omboejbnrcs omboejbnrc s enkn ij cxtcmsoõm prnkcbon bc ijs rchonmcs (lk6 /rchoõm) y ij bcmsobjb pnfijeonmji pnr rchonmcs (`jf./ rchoõm). Enm cstjs enkpjrjeonmcs cmtrc trcs pjëscs bcsjrrniijbns bc Curnpj y eomen bc Jkïroej Ijtomj sc trjtj bc bcknstrjr quc ins pjëscs bcsjrrniijbns, bcsjrrniijbns, cm hcmcrji, fusejm hcstonmjr ci bcsjrrniin bcsbc tcrrotnrons kês pcqucúns y, pnr in tjmtn, kês ecrejmns j sus `jfotjmtcs (vïjsc ci eujbrn 6). ESJBVN 6
Uupcreoc y pnfijeoõm bc êkfotns rchonmjics Tjëscs
Tnfijeoõm (`jfotjmtcs)
Cxtcmsoõm (lk6)
Ejmt. bc rchonmcs
Rcrr. /Vch. (lk6/rchoõm)
Tnf./Vchoõm (`jf./rchoõm)
Jickjmoj
0:‟024,444
538,46:
:1
66,5:2
3‟::3,444
Arjmeoj
13‟844,444
182,025
66
54,183
6‟?01,512
Cspjúj
22‟404,444
343,??6
:?
61,15:
6‟564,444
Ceujbnr
:3‟532,444
605,31:
62
::,0:3
15?,834
Eninkfoj Tcr÷
23‟65?,48? 54‟283,444
:‟:2:,820 :‟603,6:3
55 63
52,3?0 3:,24?
:‟584,00: :‟6:?,444
E`oic Fniovoj
:1‟152,145 :4‟:44,444
831,:46 :‟4?0,632
:3 ?
34,248 :66,460
:‟:40,?82 :‟:66,666
Aucmtc7 Omtcrmct. Xolopcboj, omanrkjeoõm bc ins pjëscs. Cijfnrjeoõm7 TVNKEJB-OMOEJK.
Enkn sc pucbc vcr cm ci eujbrn 6, Jickjmoj tocmc um tcrrotnron 5,3 vcecs kcmnr quc ci pcrujmn, ij supcreoc bc Arjmeoj cs ij kotjb bc ij bci Tcr÷, y Cspjúj tocmc um tcrrotnron 6,3 kês pcqucún quc ci bc cstc pjës subjkcroejmn< som ckfjrhn, ij supcreoc prnkcbon bc ijs rchonmcs bci Tcr÷ cs prêetoejkcmtc ci bnfic quc ij bc ins pjëscs curnpcns, y in koskn neurrc cm rcijeoõm enm ins ntrns pjëscs bc Ijtomnjkïroej enm cxecpeoõm bc Ceujbnr, quc, tcmocmbn ij quomtj pjrtc bc ij supcreoc bci Tcr÷, eucmtj enm ohuji m÷kcrn bc rchonmcs. Tnr ntrn ijbn, Fniovoj, enm kuy pnejs rchonmcs pcrn enm ijs rchonmcs kês hrjmbcs, tocmc ij koskj bcmsobjb pnfijeonmji quc ci Tcr÷. Ij bcmsobjb pnfijeonmji pnr rchonmcs cm Jickjmoj cs eujtrn vcecs ij bci Tcr÷, y ijs bc Arjmeoj y Cspjúj snm ci bnfic quc ij pcrujmj. Cstn kucstrj quc cm ins pjëscs bcsjrrniijbns ins tcrrotnrons pnr jbkomostrjr snm kês pcqucúns n eucmtjm enm kês pnfijeoõm pnr tcrrotnron< cs bceor,
EJTËRSIN OO7 KORNU BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM CM CI TCV×
kjynr bcmsobjb pnfijeonmji, in quc enmtrjboec ij erccmeoj bc quc tcrrotnrons kês hrjmbcs snm kês ceocmtcs. 6.5
Unfrc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs
Kotn7 Cm ci Tcr÷ `jy bckjsojbjs kumoeopjiobjbcs, in quc nrohomj kês hjstn c omceocmeoj. omceocmeoj.
Unfrc ij ejmtobjb bc kumoeopjiobjbcs, mucvjkcmtc sc pucbc vcr quc ins pjëscs bcsjrrniijbns rcjiozjm umj hcstoõm kês ecrejmj j ij pnfijeoõm, fjsjbj
5:
cm ci promeopon bc sufsobojrocbjb, in quc cs omboejtovn, tjkfoïm, bc umj hcstoõm bcsecmtrjiozjbj. Jsë, Arjmeoj, enm 51,105 kumoeopons, tocmc vcomtc vcecs kês hnfocrmns inejics quc ci Tcr÷< Jickjmoj, enm :: koi kumoeopons, 1,3 vcecs kês quc ci Tcr÷, y Cspjúj, enm 0,3 koi quomocmtns kumoeopons, eucmtj enm 2,1 vcecs kês kumoeopons quc ci Tcr÷. Ins pjëscs ijtomnjkcroejmns tocmcm ejmtobjbcs cquovjicmtcs j ijs pcrujmjs (vïjsc ci eujbrn 5). Cm ci koskn eujbrn pnbckns jprceojr quc ij supcreoc prnkcbon bc kumoeopon pnr pjës bocrc fjstjmtc. Cm ins pjëscs curnpcns bci eujbrn cstc prnkcbon vjrëj cmtrc 54 y 14 lk6 /kumoeopon. Cm Jkïroej Ijtomj, cm ins ESJBVN 5 Uupcreoc y pnfijeoõm bc êkfotns inejics Rjkjún prnkcbon/kum. (lk6/kum.)
Bcms. pnf. prnkcbon (`jf./kum.)
Tnfijeoõm (`jf.)
Cxtcmsoõm (lk6)
M÷kcrn bc kumoeopons
Jickjmoj
0:‟024,444
538,46:
::,?25
6?,0?
103.33
Arjmeoj Cspjúj
13‟844,444 22‟404,444
182,025 343,??6
51,106 0,344
:0,24 3?,35
:,8?:.48 3,:03.00
Ceujbnr
:3‟532,444
605,31:
:, :,86:
:12,88
0,?6:.31
Eninkfoj
23‟65?,48?
:‟:2:,820
:,:65
:‟4:1,1?
24,602.:5
Tcr÷
54‟283,444
:‟603,6:3
:,050
1??,63
:1,304.36
E`oic
:1‟152,145
831,:46
521
6‟:03,68
20,481.0?
Fniovoj
:4‟:44,444
:‟4?0,632
55?
5‟65?,1?
6?,8?5.3:
Tjëscs
Aucmtc7 Omtcrmct. Xolopcboj, omanrkjeoõm bc ins pjëscs. Cijfnrjeoõm7 TVNKEJB-OMOEJK.
56
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
cgckpins jmjiozjbns, Ceujbnr y ci Tcr÷ tocmcm ins prnkcbons kês fjgns, kocmtrjs quc Eninkfoj, E`oic y Fniovoj tocmcm umj cxtcmsoõm prnkcbon `jstj eocm vcecs kês hrjmbc quc ins prnkcbons curnpcns. Enkn sc pucbc bcsprcmbcr bc cstjs enkpjrjeonmcs, ins pjëscs enm umj ejmtobjb kjynr bc kumoeopons n kumoeopons kês pcqucúns tocmcm umj hcstoõm ineji kês ecrejmj j ij pnfijeoõm. Cstj ejrjetcrëstoej enk÷m cm ins pjëscs bcsjrrniijbns enmeucrbj enm knbcins pniëtoens bcsecmtrjiozjbns, in quc enmstotuyc umj pijtjanrkj pjrj ij hcstoõm bc scrvoeons inejics bcsbc ijs jbkomostrjeonmcs inejics.
Uom ckfjrhn, `jy quc bcstjejr quc cm cstns pjëscs ij hcstoõm bc scrvoeons inejics cs rcspnmsjfoiobjb omstotueonmjiozjbj omstotueonmjiozjbj bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs, kumoeopjiobjbcs, aumeoõm quc rcsuitj boaëeoi y nmcrnsj pjrj ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs kês pcqucújs, pnr in quc `jm bcfobn jprcmbcr j sukjr csaucrzns pjrj ij sniueoõm bc prnfickjs enkumcs. Cstj pniëtoej bc ennpcrjeoõm `nroznmtji cs ij fjsc bc kcejmoskns jsneojtovns enkn ijs kjmenkumobjbcs, kuy pnpuijrcs y ceocmtcs cm cstns pjëscs, enm fjsc cm ci anrtjiceokocmtn bc ijs ejpjeobjbcs inejics Ij erceocmtc cxostcmeoj bc kumoeopjiobjbcs cs umj cvobcmeoj bc quc ij hcstoõm ineji kês prõxokj j ins eoubjbjmns tocmbc j scr kês ceocmtc. Uu cquovjicmtc sneoji y pniëtoen7 ijs enkumobjbcs mjtovjs ‒ombëhcmjs n jkjzõmoejs‒ tocmcm sostckjs bc nrhjmozjeoõm kuy ceocmtcs, kcgnrcs kcejmoskns bc tnkjs bc bceosonmcs, sostckjs bc ciceeonmcs jmecstrjics, omtciohcmtcs y sokpics quc mn ics hcmcrjm prnfickjs, mnrkjs y eõbohns bc enmbuetj quc sc eukpicm. Jbckês, mn sc cvjbcm cvj bcm ins jpnrtcs y enmtrofueonmcs pjrj pj rj ci bcsjrrniin y ci sostckj bc sejiozjeoõm cs cejz. Cm ci Tcr÷, ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs ‒cspceojikcmtc ijs rurjics‒ mn snm ntrj ensj quc enkumobjbcs furnerjtozjbjs enm sostckjs bosaumeonmjics, enkpioejbns y enm kue`js fjrrcrjs furnerêtoejs. Uo ejbj enkumobjb aucrj umj kumoeopjiobjb, ins jsumtns inejics sc rcsnivcrëjm enm kjynr ajeoiobjb, enm kês ceocmeoj y, y, snfrc tnbn, enm kjynr cejeoj. Tcrn surhorëj ij eucstoõm bc eõkn sc bostrofuorëj ci prcsupucstn cmtrc ijs :4 koi kumoeopjiobjbcs quc rcsuitjrëjm. Ij sniueoõm cs sokpic7 ins komostcrons bcfcm bcgjr bc `jecr `j ecr hcstoõm ineji y trjmsacror ci prcsupucstn j ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs bc ecmtrns pnfijbns n enkumjics, pcrn snin pjrj ijs enkpctcmeojs quc bcfcm jsukor cm aumeoõm bc sus ejpjeobjbcs c omtcrcscs.
EJTËRSIN OO7 KORNU BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM CM CI TCV×
Ïstc scrëj, jsokoskn, um kcejmoskn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji, pnrquc, gumtn enm ijs ijs trjmsacrcmeojs prcsupucstjics ‒jumquc aucrjm këmokjs‒, sc ics cstjrëjm bckjmbjmbn jpnrtcs trofutjrons bcmobns bc mobns pnr ciins koskns, in quc sohmoej umj enrrcspnmsjfoiobjb cm ij hcstoõm mjmeocrj ineji, enm ij jtrofueoõm bc bctcrkomjr cm quï y eõkn hjstjrêm sus rceursns. Ji koskn tockpn, sc pnbrëj cstjficecr enm kjynr prceosoõm ins enstcs e nstcs bc ij hcstoõm ineji y j euêmtn bcfcrëj jsecmbcr ci prcsupucstn mjeonmji jmuji. Ins boscújbnrcs p÷fioejs vosotjrjmecstrji ijs enkumobjbcs pjrjj jprcmbcr ci vjinrbcbcpniëtoejs ijs prêetoejs y ijbcfcm cxpcrocmeoj quc tocmbc sokpioejr y j bcsfurnerjtozjr. b csfurnerjtozjr.
55
6.2
Unfrc ijs ejpjeobjbcs bc hcstoõm
Kotn7 Ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics rchonmjics y ijs kumoeop kumoeopjiobjbcs jiobjbcs mn snm enkpctcmtcs cm ij hcstoõm bci bcsjrrniin. Cm prnvomeojs mn `jy ejpjeobjbcs tïemoejs sueocmtcs pjrj rcjiozjr ij hcstoõm bc ins sostckjs bc ij jbkomostrjeoõm p÷fioej.
Ïstj cs umj jprceojeoõm cquovnejbj7 cm prnvomeojs së cxostcm ejpjeobjbcs< bc `ce`n, kue`js bc cstjs ejpjeobjbcs sc `jm omstjijbn cm Iokj enkn enmsceucmeoj bci ecmtrjioskn. Ci prnfickj mn snm ijs ejpjeobjbcs ejpje objbcs tïemoejs, somn ins sostckjs jbkomostrjtovns ommcecsjrojkcmtc enkpicgns y su boscún urfjmn quc boeuitj su jpioejeoõm cm kês bc :544 kumoeopjiobjbcs rurjics.
52
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
Kotn7 Ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs mn sjfcm anrkuijr prnycetns bc omvcrsoõm p÷fioej, mn snm cejecs cm ij omvcrsoõm bc ins rceursns, mn sc jbjptjm ji prnecsn bc knbcrmozjeoõm bci bci Cstjbn.
Cmtrc ijs jprceojeonmcs mchjtovjs jecrej bc ij hcstoõm ineji, umj bc ijs kês rceurrcmtcs cs ij quc sc rccrc j ij supucstj omceocmeoj c omcejeoj bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs. Mucvjkcmtc, ci prnfickj mn rjboej tjmtn cm cstns jspcetns j spcetns eujmtn cm ij okpnsoeoõm bc sostckjs jbkomostrjtovns omjprnpojbns pjrj ij hcstoõm ineji. Cm ci hrêen :, quc enmstotuyc umj prnpucstj bc enmstrueeoõm bc umj topninhëj kumoeopji, sc jprceojm ijs cmnrkcs boacrcmeojs cmtrc ins kumoeopons y eõkn cstj `ctcrnhcmcobjb enmboeonmj ijs ejpjeobjbcs bc hcstoõm.
HVÊAOEN : @ctcrnhcmcobjb @ctcrnhcmc objb bci tcrrotnron7 pnrecmtjgcs bc kumoeopons y pnfijeoõm 34,4% 23,4% 24,4% 53,4% 54,4% 63,4% 64,4% :3,4% :4,4% 3,4% 4,4%
28,:% 24,6%
61,5%
61,8%
64,4% :1,:%
:3,2%
5,1%
6,4% @jstj 6,444 `jfotjmtcs
Bc 6,44: j :4,444 `jfotjmtcs
Bc :4,44: j 34,444 `jfotjmtcs
% pnfijeoõm
6,1%
Bc 34,44: j :44,444 `jfotjmtcs
Kês bc :44,444 `jfotjmtcs
% bostrotns
Aucmtc7 Ecmsn Mjeonmji bc Tnfijeoõm y Qovocmbj 6448 ― OMCO. Cijfnrjeoõm prnpoj.
Rrcs eujrtjs pjrtcs bci tntji bc kumoeopons tocmcm pnfijeonmcs kcmnrcs bc Rrcs :4 koi `jfotjmtcs y jifcrhjm jpcmjs ji :8,2% bc ij pnfijeoõm mjeonmji, y ci ?5,0% bc kumoeopons eucmtjm enm pnfijeonmcs kcmnrcs bc 34 koi `jfotjmtcs y jifcrhjm ji 25,83% bc ins `jfotjmtcs bci pjës. Cs bceor, bceor, ejso ij kotjb bc iijj pnfijeoõm vovc bospcrsj cm ci ?2% bci tcrrotnron. Tnr ntrn ijbn, ij ntrj kotjb bc ij pnfijeoõm cs mctjkcmtc urfjmj y sc jsocmtj cm kumoeopons kjynrcs bc 34 koi `jfotjmtcs (1,6% bc kumoeopons)< pcrn,
EJTËRSIN OO7 KORNU BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM CM CI TCV×
bc cstj kotjb, ci 24,6% bc ij pnfijeoõm vovc cm eoubjbcs bc kês bc :44 koi `jfotjmtcs. Cstn cs, :6 koiinmcs bc pcrsnmjs vovcm cm 20 kumoeopons enm kês bc :44 koi `jfotjmtcs. Ejfc cmtnmecs ij prchumtj7 ¾cs jecptjfic quc jmtc cstj rcjiobjb bovcrsj y bospcrsj sc prctcmbj cxohor ij jpioejeoõm bc sostckjs jbkomostrjtovns tjm jgcmns y bosëkoics bc ij rcjiobjb> Jbckês, enm sostckjs quc tjkpnen pucbcm scr eukpiobns enm ceocmeoj pnr ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y ins prnpons komostcrons, quc boaëeoikcmtc snkctobns ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs (vïjsc cisnm eujbrn 2). ji enmtrni sneoji bc, pnr cgckpin, ESJBVN 2
53
Cgceueoõm pnrecmtuji bc TOJ y TOK cmtrc 64:6 y 64:3 Hjstns pnr êkfotns bc hnfocrmn mjeonmji, rchonmji y ineji (Koiinmcs bc snics) Júns sejics
Hcstoõm prcsupucstji Trcsupucstn Omstotueonmji bc Jpcrturj (TOJ)
64:6
64:5
64:2
64:3
Trnkcbon 64:6-64:3
Trcsupucstn Omstotueonmji Knboejbn (TOK) Omerckcmtn prcsupucstji (%) Cgceueoõm prcsupucstji (%) Trcsupucstn Omstotueonmji bc Jpcrturj (TOJ) Trcsupucstn Omstotueonmji Knboejbn (TOK) Omerckcmtn prcsupucstji (%) Cgceueoõm prcsupucstji (%) Trcsupucstn Omstotueonmji bc Jpcrturj (TOJ) Trcsupucstn Omstotueonmji Knboejbn (TOK) Omerckcmtn prcsupucstji (%) Cgceueoõm prcsupucstji (%) Trcsupucstn Omstotueonmji bc Jpcrturj (TOJ) Trcsupucstn Omstotueonmji Knboejbn (TOK) Omerckcmtn prcsupucstji (%) Cgceueoõm prcsupucstji (%) Trcsupucstn Omstotueonmji bc Jpcrturj (TOJ) Trcsupucstn Omstotueonmji Knboejbn (TOK) Omerckcmtn prcsupucstji (%) Cgceueoõm prcsupucstji (%)
Hjstn pnr êkfotn bc hnfocrmn (Cm koiinmcs bc snics) Mjeonmji Vchonmji Ineji Rntji 12,?85 :2,80? :3,885 ?3,353 18,63? 5.3 0?.5 86,153 82,638 6.6 ?:.0 05,:?1 03,?:5 5.5 ?6.? ?3,585 ?1,85? :.2 ?6.2 8?,422 0:,426 6.1 ?:.1
5:,348 ::5 08.0 :8,152 63,55: 25.8 ?4.6 :0,8?3 61,821 26.5 ?4.3 :?,250 68,663 24.: ?: :8,112 68,846 3?.0 0?.?
65,1:2 2?.8 84.8 :0,:34 52,400 08.0 86.2 :1,?22 56,:20 0?.8 88.2 :3,0:: 60,?63 06.? 85.1 :1,11? 6?,1?2 88.3 85.3
:66,504 60.: 02.6 :40,2:? :55,188 65.5 01.4 ::0,?52 :22.041 6:.0 0?.4 :54,16: :36,00? :8.4 00.1 ::5,588 :50,250 66.1 08.4
Aucmtc7 Enmsuitj bc cgceueoõm bci hjstn ji 5: bc jhnstn bc 64:1-KCA 64:1-KCA.. VNKEJB MOEJK Cijfnrjeoõm7 T -O .
51
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
Ci eujbrn 2 pjrcec knstrjr umj kjynr cejeoj bci êkfotn mjeonmji< som ckfjrhn, neuitj ci `ce`n bc quc ijs trjmsacrcmeojs bci Trcsupucstn Omoeoji bc Jpcrturj (TOJ) sc `jecm jpcmjs cm gumon< jbckês, ins prcsupucstns quc ins scetnrcs mn pucbcm hjstjr npnrtumjkcmtc ins trjmscrcm j hnfocrmns rchonmjics y kumoeopjiobjbcs, hcmcrjikcmtc cm ci kcs bc boeockfrc. Bc cstc knbn, sc hcmcrjm bns sotujeonmcs tëpoejs7 Tnr um ijbn, ci Trcsupucstn Omstotueonmji Knboejbn (TOK) bc ins scetnrcs mn vjrëj kue`n, kocmtrjs quc ins bc hnfocrmns rchonmjics y kumoeopjiobjbcs prcscmtjm um sustjmeoji omerckcmtn< bc ntrn ijbn, ij cejeoj bc hjstns bc ins komostcrons rcsuitj sohmoejtovjkcmtc jitj, kocmtrjs quc ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y kumoeopjiobjbcs cx`ofcm pnrecmtjgcs bc cgceueoõm bci hjstn
kês fjgns. Cstc suftcrauhon tcrkomj rcsuitjmbn pcrvcrsn, pnrquc pcrkotc knstrjr umj kjynr cejeoj bc hjstn bc ijs cmtobjbcs bci hnfocrmn mjeonmji y, ji koskn tockpn, prcscmtj j ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y inejics enm kcmnrcs movcics bc cejeoj jfsniutns, pcrn ajijecs cm rcjiobjb, pnrquc ins tockpns bc cgceueoõm prcsupucstji snm sohmoejtovjkcmtc kcmnrcs, jiokcmtjmbn jsëejpjeobjbcs ci kotn bc quc ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y kumoeopjiobjbcs ejrcecm bc ijs mcecsjrojs pjrj gustoejr pniëtoejs y kcbobjs ecmtrjiozjbnrjs. ESJBVN 3 Jsohmjeoõm prcsupucstji prcsupucstji pnr êkfotns bc hnfocrmn 64:6-64:3 Êkfotn bc hnfocrmn Mjeonmji Vchonmji Ineji Rntji
Trcsupucstn p÷fioen jmuji 64:6-64:8 (Cm koics bc koiinmcs bc snics y pnrecmtjgcs) 64:6
64:5
64:2
64:3
64:1
13,4:?
86,1?5
05,650
?3,508
:42,5:8
10,:% :2,825
18,4% :8,383
84,4% :0,836
85,4% :?,265
83,5% :?,5:3
:3,2%
:1,6%
:3,0%
:2,?%
:5,?%
:3,886
:0,:34
:1,?22
:3,0::
:2,03?
:1,3%
:1,8%
:2,6%
:6,:%
:4,8%
?3,353
:40,2:?
::0,?52
:54,16:
:50,2?:
:44,4%
:44,4%
:44,4%
:44,4%
:44,4%
Aucmtc7 Omtcrmct. Xolopcboj, omanrkjeoõm bc ins pjëscs. Cijfnrjeoõm7 TVNKEJB-OMOEJK.
EJTËRSIN OO7 KORNU BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM CM CI TCV×
Cm cstc enmtcxtn cs rcicvjmtc ij erceocmtc omsueocmeoj bc rceursns prcsupucstjics cm ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y inejics, cspceojikcmtc cm rcijeoõm enm ijs trjmsacrcmeojs pjrj mjmeojr ci hjstn enrrocmtc y npcrjtovn jsneojbn enm ij cgceueoõm bci hjstn. Bc cstj kjmcrj sc omerckcmtjm j÷m kês ijs iokotjeonmcs bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs, snfrc tnbn bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs rurjics. Cm ci eujbrn 3 sc kucstrj ij bostrofueoõm bci Trcsupucstn Hcmcrji bc ij Vcp÷fioej pnr êkfotns bc hnfocrmn burjmtc ci pcronbn 64:6-64:1, jsë enkn ij boskomueoõm sostckêtoej bc ij pjrtoeopjeoõm bc ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics, y cm cspceoji bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs, enkn enmsceucmeoj bc um prnecsn bc rcecmtrjiozjeoõm quc sc sustcmtj cm ins kotns quc sc boaumbcm y anrgjm umj okjhcm mchjtovj bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. Uc pucbc vcr eijrjkcmtc eõkn sc `j omerckcmtjbn ci prcsupucstn ji hnfocrmn mjeonmji bc 10,:% `jstj 83,5% cmtrc 64:6 y 64:1 y eõkn `j boskomuobn ci prcsupucstn jsohmjbn j
58
ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs bc :1,3% j :4,8% cm ci koskn pcronbn. 6.3
Unfrc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm y ij enrrupeoõm
Kotn7 Ci prnecsn prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm ajvnrcec y prnpoeoj ij enrrupeoõm< ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm mn pcrkotc um fucm enmtrni< bjrics kês prcsupucstn cs pjrj quc rnfcm kês. kês.
Cm rcjiobjb, ij pcrecpeoõm bc quc ij enrrupeoõm sc prcscmtj snfrc tnbn cm c m ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs nfcbcec nfcbcec j bciotns enkctobns pnr kjins jiejibcs y hnfcrmjbnrcs< cstn sc jhrjvj pnrquc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm pcrkotc um kjynr enmtrni sneoji, in quc ajeoiotj ij bctceeoõm bc ijs orrchuijrobjbcs bcsbc ci vceombjron. Tcrn tjkfoïm sc cmeucmtrj enrrupeoõm cm ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y cm bcpcmbcmeojs bci hnfocrmn mjeonmji. Ins jiejibcs enkcmtjm kue`n ij cxtnrsoõm bc ij quc snm vëetokjs bcsbc ins anmbns enmeursjfics, n bcsbc ins cmtcs scetnrojics pjrj inhrjr ins bcsckfnisns. ’Eujmbn ci rën sucmj, cs pnrquc pocbrjs trjc…‛. Kotn7 ’Mn okpnrtj quc rnfc, kocmtrjs `jhj nfrjs…‛. Cstc omacioz enkcmtjron bc um cxjiejibc `j cstjficeobn umj sucrtc su crtc bc ’pjtcmtc bc enrsn‛ quc pjrcec cstjr kuy boaumbobj cmtrc ijs jutnrobjbcs bc bovcrsns bovcrsn s movcics bc hnfocrmn. Mn nfstjmtc, ij enrrupeoõm rcquocrc bc ij enkpioeobjb e nkpioeobjb tjmtn bc ins aumeonmjrons enkn bc ins ckprcsjrons provjbns quc ij prnpoeojm pjrj inhrjr sus omtcrcscs.
50
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
Tnr bcshrjeoj, ij enrrupeoõm cs omkjmcmtc j ij mjturjiczj `ukjmj y cs omvcrsjkcmtc prnpnreonmji j ij ejiobjb bc su cbuejeoõm, quc cs ij quc enmtrofuyc j ij anrkjeoõm bc ins vjinrcs. Cstê sockprc jsneojbj ji pnbcr y sc mutrc bc umj kji cmtcmbobj boserceonmjiobjb cm tnbns ins nrhjmoskns bci Cstjbn, cm ijs ckprcsjs c omstotueonmcs bci scetnr sce tnr provjbn. Cs um prnfickj hinfji. Enmtrj ïi snin sc pucbc trjfjgjr enm ij cbuejeoõm, kcbojmtc ij anrkjeoõm bc vjinrcs. 6.1
Unfrc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji
Kotn7 Bcfc okpuisjrsc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji pjrj ci omerckcmtn bc ijs trjmsacrcmeojs j ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y ins hnfocrmns inejics.
Cm rcjiobjb, ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji enmsostc cm jsohmjr ij hcstoõm bc
okpucstns y rcspnmsjfoiobjbcs pnr êkfotns bc hnfocrmn, bostrofuycmbn ijs tjrcjs cm ij jbkomostrjeoõm bc ins trofutns. Okpioej ij bcmoeoõm bc aõrkuijs bc trjmsacrcmeojs omtcrhufcrmjkcmtjics omtcrhufcrmjkcmtjics y ci cstjficeokocmtn bc mnrkjs pjrj rchuijr ci cmbcubjkocmtn sufmjeonmji. Ci prnpõsotn bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji cs cstjficecr umj rcijeoõm borcetj cmtrc ij hcstoõm bc okpucstns y ci cgcreoeon bc rcspnmsjfoiobjbcs, y sc s c gustoej gu stoej sch÷m ij ceocmeoj ceocm eoj bc ij hcstoõm h cstoõm cm ins bostom bostomtns tns êkfotns êkfotn s bc bc hnfocrmn. Ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cs ’fucmj‛7 arjhkcmtj ij jutnrobjb ecmtrji c omtrnbuec sostckjs bc fjijmecs y enmtrjpcsns cmtrc ins movcics bc hnfocrmn. Ij bcichjeoõm bc jtrofueonmcs sejics bcfc or jpjrcgjbj bci anrtjiceokocmtn bc ejpjeobjbcs bc hcstoõm snstcmofics. Ijs ejrjetcrëstoejs bc ins kumoeopons pcrkotcm cstjficecr umj topninhëj bc kumoeopjiobjbcs sch÷m ijs ejpjeobjbcs y ci pntcmeoji ineji. Ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji cs um enkpicgn prnecsn quc enmsostc cm boscújr eõkn sc nrhjmozjrê ci Cstjbn pjrj jsukor sus aumeonmcs pjrj enm ij sneocbjb cm ins sohuocmtcs jspcetns7 Aoseji
• Movci bc hnfocrmn bctcrkomj ij fjsc y tjsj bc ejbj okpucstn. okpucstn. • Movci bc hnfocrmn jsukc ij rcspnmsjfoiobjb bc ij prcstjeoõm. • Eõkn sc cquoiofrjm ins bcsfjijmecs `nroznmtjics cmtrc rchonmcs.
EJTËRSIN OO7 KORNU BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM CM CI TCV×
Jbkomostrjtovn
• Eõkn sc trjbuecm ijs pniëtoejs cm ijs ijs omstotueonmcs omstotueonmcs mjeonmjics y inejics. • Eõkn sc jsohmjm ins rceursns cm bostomtns êkfotns bc hnfocrmn. Tniëtoen
• Movci bc jutnmnkëj bc hcstoõm bc ins hnfocrmns sufmjeonmjics. • Ejmjics bc enkumoejeoõm y pjrtoeopjeoõm eoubjbjmj.
5?
6.8
Unfrc ins cacetns bci ecmtrjioskn snfrc ci tcrrotnron
Kotn7 Ij hcstoõm bci hnfocrmn mjeonmji cs bcsecmtrjiozjbj, pnrquc ins scetnrcs y prnhrjkjs mjeonmjics rcjiozjm omvcrsonmcs cm ci tcrrotnron mjeonmji.
Bcsecmtrjiozjr mn cs rcjiozjr omvcrsonmcs cm ijs prnvomeojs, somn cmtrchjrics ins rceursns y bjrics j sus `jfotjmtcs y jutnrobjbcs ij ejpjeobjb bc bceobor eõkn y cm quï omvcrtorins, bc jeucrbn enm sus mcecsobjbcs y pronrobjbcs. Jbckês, tjkfoïm sc mcecsotj bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cm Iokj y ci Ejiijn, j trjvïs trjvïs bc sus kumoeopjiobjbcs. Tnr ntrn ijbn, ijs bcpcmbcmeojs bci hnfocrmn mjeonmji mn iichjm j ijs êrcjs rurjics y kumoeopons kês jicgjbns, in quc sohmoej quc tjkpnen in `jecm ijs omvcrsonmcs. Ins trofutns quc um ejkpcsomn pjhj pnr ij enkprj bc um focm n ij enmtrjtjeoõm bc um scrvoeon ‒ci okpucstn hcmcrji j ijs vcmtjs n
24
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
OHQ‒ in `jecm kcrcecbnr bc umj enmtrjprcstjeoõm pnr pjrtc bci Cstjbn< so ïstj mn sc prnbuec pnr cstjr aucrj bci rjmhn bc jeeoõm bc ijs cmtobjbcs p÷fioejs, cstc ejkpcsomn cstê sufsobojmbn ji pnfijbnr urfjmn. Tcrn neurrc quc ij pnfijeoõm rurji cstê cm pcrkjmcmtc kohrjeoõm `jeoj ins ecmtrns urfjmns kês ecrejmns y, iuchn, `jeoj eoubjbcs kês hrjmbcs cm fusej bc npnrtumobjbcs npnrtumobjb cs bc bcsjrrniin y bc ins fcmceons quc bcfc rceofor bci Cstjbn. Jsë sc `j hcmcrjbn umj snstcmobj rcbueeoõm bc ij pnfijeoõm rurji7 cm :?24, ciij rcprcscmtjfj ci 12,1% bc ij pnfijeoõm mjeonmji, mjeonmj i, kocmtrjs quc ij pnfijeoõm urfjmj jpcmjs iichjfj j um 53,2%. J`nrj, ci pnrecmtjgc bc `jfotjmtcs rurjics `j bcsecmbobn j 68,2%, cm tjmtn quc ij pnfijeoõm urfjmj `j erceobn ji 86,1%, enkn sc pucbc jprceojr cm ci hrêen 6. Ij kohrjeoõm bc ij pnfijeoõm rurji j ijs eoubjbcs `j hcmcrjbn bcsejpotjiozjeoõm bc tjicmtn `ukjmn cm znmjs rurjics, prcbnkomjmbn
pnfijeoõm omajmtoi y bc ij tcrecrj cbjb, in quc cvobcmtckcmtc rcbuec ins ëmboecs bc prnbuetovobjb jhrjroj. Cstc enkpnrtjkocmtn cs, cm rcjiobjb, um acmõkcmn hinfjiozjbn, yj quc cxostc umj tcmbcmeoj kumboji j ij enmecmtrjeoõm cm eoubjbcs, bnmbc cs jbckês kês aêeoi ij cmtrchj bc focmcs y scrvoeons j ins eoubjbjmns y cs bnmbc sc enmbcmsjm ins cxecbcmtcs cenmõkoens. HVÊAOEN 6 Tnfijeoõm urfjmj-rurji cm ci Tcr÷ cmtrc :?24 y 64:2
12,1
13,6
3?,3 36,1
28,2
53,2
24,3
52,0
86,1
84,:
6?,? 68,2
:?24
:?1:
:?86 Tnfijeoõm rurji
:?0:
:??5
64:2
Tnfijeoõm urfjmj
Aucmtc7 OMCO-Ecmsns bc Tnfijeoõm / Cstokjeonmcs7 Kjren Jmtnmon Tijzj Qobjurrc. Enmecptns fêsoens y cstjbëstoejs bc ij pnfrczj pnfr czj cm ci Tcr÷ / Trnyceeoõm prnpoj7 64:2.
EJTËRSIN OO7 KORNU BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM CM CI TCV×
2:
Kotn7 Ij pnfrczj `j boskomuobn boskomuobn cm ci Tcr÷. Ïstc cs um kotn pjreoji cm eocrtj anrkj< ij jrkjeoõm enrrcetj bcfcrëj scr7 ’Ij pnfrczj `j boskomuobn promeopjikcmtc cm ijs êrcjs urfjmjs y cm ij enstj‛. Ins bjtns kjerncenmõkoens enmtcmobns cm ci hrêen 5 rcstcgjm ci frutji omerckcmtn bc ij pnfrczj pnfrcz j cmtrc :?03 y 6444 y ij enmtrjeeoõm bci TFO pcr eêpotj. Cm :??4 sc jpioeõ umj pniëtoej bc s`nel y vcmtj bc jetovns quc sc trjbugn cm ij rcvcrsoõm bc ijs tcmbcmeojs. Burjmtc ij prokcrj bïejbj bc cstc sohin ci pjës tuvn um cspcetjeuijr erceokocmtn, umn bc ins kês jitns j movci hinfji, jumquc j`nrj sc `j bcsjecicrjbn. HVÊAOEN 5 Cvniueoõm bc ij pnfrczj y bci TFO cmtrc :?03 y 64:2 :34,444 ):24,444 2 ?:54,444 ? : c:64,444
14 33
) % ( j z
b s::4,444 c i :44,444 n s ( j ?4,444 t o 04,444 p ê e 84,444 r c 14,444 p O F T 34,444
24,444
34 2:.1% (Tnfrczj)
23
03,444 (TFO/e)
53
24
c r f n p c b c e o b m Ë
54 03
?: Hjreëj
?2
Augo gok knr nroo
TFO pcr eêpotj
?8
44 Tjmojhuj
Augok oknnro
41
Rnicbn
Ëmboec bc pnfrczj
:: Hjreëj
:3 @ukjij
Ejkfon bc hnfocrmn
Aucmtc7 FEVT, FEVT, OMCO (:?03, :??8-6441). Euêmtn (:??:, :??2)/ Trnyceeoõm prnpoj 64:3.
Uc trjtj bc umj vcrbjb j kcbojs7 pnr ijs koskjs enmsobcrjeonmcs quc `jm nejsonmjbn ij kohrjeoõm bci ejkpn j ij eoubjb, ij boskomueoõm bc ij pnfrczj cs kue`n kcmnr cm ins kumoeopons rurjics y cm cspceoji cm ij socrrj rurji, bnmbc sc kjmtocmc ejso enmstjmtc, sch÷m ci Fjmen Ecmtrji bc Vcscrvj bci Tcr÷ (FEVT), ci Omstotutn Mjeonmji bc Cstjbëstoej c Omanrkêtoej (OMCO) y ci Omstotutn Euêmtn, enkn sc jprceoj cm ci eujbrn 1. Kotn7 Uc `j inhrjbn y sc cstê okpuisjmbn um prnecsn bc knbcrmozjeoõm bci Cstjbn.
Uc `j scújijbn yj quc ins enkpioejbns sostckjs jbkomostrjtovns rcsuitjm omjpioejfics cm tnbjs ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs, cm vostj bc su `ctcrnhcmcobjb y pnr su boscún bc enmtcmobn urfjmn, urfjmn , enkn sc jprceoj cm ci hrêen 2. Tcrn ïs ïstns tns
26
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
ESJBVN 1 Tnfrczj hcnhrêej7 cvniueoõm cmtrc :?03 y 64:2 (ëmboecs bc pnfrczj) Vchoõm Trnkcbon mjeonmji Iokj Kctrnpniotjmj Enstj urfjmj Enstj rurji Uocrrj urfjmj Uocrrj rurji Ucivj urfjmj Ucivj rurji
:?03 2:,1 68,2 22,6 34,4 51,2 2?,6 20,6 10,4
:??: 33,: 28,1 32,3 m.j. 36,8 86,1 m.j. m.j.
:??2 35,2 26,2 3:,? 15,2 3:,1 12,8 25,4 12,4
:??8 26,8 63,4 68,2 3:,3 58,? 86,3 51,1 33,:
6444 20,2 50,3 53,0 34,1 56,1 85,: 58,6 85,4
6441 22,3 62,6 6?,? 2?,? 24,6 81,3 2?,? 16,5
64:: 51,6 66,0 61,8 5?,0 55,3 10,? 25,0 32,3
64:3 60.1 6:.1 63.6 56.1 56.0 31.8 24.0 3:.3
Aucmtc7 OMCO (:?03, :??8-6441< Euêmtn (Cmocv :??: y :??2) / Trnyceeoõm prnpoj7 64:2.
mn cstêm aumeonmjmbn, pnrquc ci prnpon Komostcron bc Cenmnkëj y Aomjmzjs y ins sostckjs furnerêtoens enmstotuycm fjrrcrjs pjrj ci ejkfon bc knbcin,
quc bcfc enmecrmor snfrc tnbn j ijs pcrsnmjs y mn snin j ijs omstotueonmcs. Ci :8 bc cmcrn bc 6446, sc bon ij Icy M.´ 68130 n Icy Kjren bc Knbcrmozjeoõm bc ij Hcstoõm bci Cstjbn Tcrujmn, y ci 0 bc cmcrn sc cxpoboõ ci B.U. M.´ 442-64:5-TEK, quc jprnfõeuyn ij Tniëtoej bcenmsobcrj Knbcrmozjeoõm bc ij Hcstoõm T÷fioej (TMKHT), cmanqucMjeonmji enmecptuji eomen poijrcs aumbjkcmtjics y trcs cgcs trjmsvcrsjics bc ij hcstoõm p÷fioej, enkn sc pucbc jprceojr cm ci hrêen 2. HVÊAOEN 2 Jpucstj ecmtrji bc ij TMKHT ji 646: (TEK-UB) Cgcs trjmsvcrsjics
Cmtcs scetnrojics rcetnrcs Toijr :7
Toijr 67
Toijr 57
Toijr 27
Toijr 37 Hnfocrmn
Tniëtoejs p÷fioejs, pijmcs cstrjtïhoens y npcrjtovns
Trcsupucstn pnr rcsuitjbns
Hcstoõm pnr prnecsns, sokpioejeoõm jbkomostrjtovj y nrhjmozjeoõm omstotueonmji
Hcstoõm bci ejkfon
Ucrvoeon eovoi kcrotnerêtoen
Uostckj bc omanrkjeoõm, schuokocmtn, knmotnrcn, cvjiujeoõm y hcstoõm bci enmneokocmtn
jfocrtn Hnfocrmn cicetrõmoen Jrtoeuijeoõm omstotueonmji
prnecsns euiturjics
↖
Aucmtc7 Rcxtn Rcxtn bci B.U. M.´ 442-64:5-TEK, Tniëtoej Mjeonmji bc Knbcrmozjeoõm bc ij Hcstoõm T÷fioej.
EJTËRSIN OO7 KORNU BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM CM CI TCV×
Mn nfstjmtc, um bcsjaën pnr rcsnivcr cs su jbceujeoõm j ij hrjm `ctcrnhcmcobjb bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs bci pjës. Ij npomoõm bc Utcvcm Icvotsly75 ’Tcr÷ tocmc umn bc ins cstjbns kês bosaumeonmjics bc Jkïroej Ijtomj \…[ Uc omsostc enm sostckjs enkpicgns quc jictjrhjm ji Cstjbn y quc enmtrjboecm ins promeopons bc ij Hcstoõm T÷fioej pnr Vcsuitjbns‛, pjrcec enrrnfnrjr cstc bcsjaën.
25
5
Icvotsly Icvotsly,, Utcvcm (64:6, :5 bc kjyn). Smj pjrjbngj pcrujmj. Iokj, bojron Ij Vcp÷fioej.
EJTËRSIN O7 ENMRCPRN BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
EJTËRSIN OOO
23
Trnknvocmbn ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm
5.:
JKTC, jetnr eijvc cm ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm
Bcsbc guion bc 64:3, ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷-JKTC, prcsobobj jetujikcmtc pnr ci jfnhjbn Nsejr Fcmjvobcs Kjgomn, cs umj cmtobjb bc sukj okpnrtjmeoj cm ci prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm bci Tcr÷. Cstj omstotueoõm auc aumbjbj ci 62 bc jhnstn bc :?13 enkn õrhjmn bc
jscsnrjkocmtn tïemoen, bc rcprcscmtjeoõm, bc hcstoõm y pjtrneomon bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷. Cstj Jsneojeoõm qucbõ omjetovj j enmsceucmeoj enmsceuc meoj bci hnipc koiotjr bc :?10, quc ciokomõ ijs ciceeonmcs kumoeopjics kumoeopj ics omstjurjbjs cm ci Tcr÷ cm :?15 y bctcrkomõ quc pnr kês bc umj bïejbj bï ejbj ins jiejibcs aucrjm mnkfrjbns j bcbn enkn ’aumeonmjrons bc enmjmzj‛ enmjmz j‛ bci hnfocrmn ecmtrji. Tnstcronrkcmtc, enm ci rchrcsn bc ij bcknerjeoj, ci schumbn hnfocrmn bci jrquotcetn Acrmjmbn Fcijumbc Rcrry rcstjurõ ci sostckj jmtcronr y enmvneõ enmvn eõ j ciceeonmcs ciceeo nmcs kumoeopjics kumoeop jics pjrj cichor j jiejibcs jiejib cs y rchobnrcs. rchobn rcs. Smj vcz cichobns, cstns jiejibcs sc rcumocrnm cm su O Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji Nrbomjron, quc, pnr kjmbjtn cxprcsn bc ins jsostcmtcs, sc cstjficeoõ enkn Enmhrcsn Enmstotutovn y Cstjtutjron. Tnr ciin, ci : bc kjrzn bc :?06 sc enmstotuyõ ij jetuji Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷. Uu aumbjbnr y prokcr prcsobc p rcsobcmtc mtc auc ci c i jrquotcetn jrquotc etn Cbujrbn Cbuj rbn Nrrchn Nrrc hn Qoiijenrtj, jiejibc j iejibc bc Iokj. Ij JKTC auc enmstotuobj enkn umj pcrsnmj gurëboej bc bcrce`n p÷fioen omtcrmn, som mcs bc iuern, enm ij mjiobjb bc prcstjr jscsnrjkocmtn tïemoen y bc pcraceeonmjkocmtn bc ij ichosijeoõm ichosijeoõm kumoeopji, jsë enkn cm ij hcstoõm,
20
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
ennrbomjeoõm, anrtjiceokocmtn y bcacmsj bc ij jutnmnkëj kumoeopji, enmsjhrjbj cm ij Enmstotueoõm bci Cstjbn y bci cmtnmecs vohcmtc jrtëeuin ::3 bci Bcerctn Ichosijtovn 43:, Icy Nrhêmoej bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs. Bcsbc cmtnmecs cs rcenmneobj enkn ij omstotueoõm rcprcscmtjtovj bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷, in quc sc enmrkj enm su vohcmeoj cm ijs icycs Nrhêmoejs bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs 65035 y 6?8?6. Cmtrc ins mcs quc pcrsohuc ij JKTC bcstjejm7 • Jpnyjr ij ennpcrjeoõm, enmecrtjeoõm c omtchrjeoõm cmtrc ijs bci pjës, j trjvïs bc anrkjs k÷itopicsijsbccxpcrocmeojs jsneojeoõm ykumoeopjiobjbcs nrhjmozje oõm ineji, nrhjmozjeoõm rchonmji y mjeonmji, boaumbocmbn cxpcr ocmeojs cxotnsjs bc hcstoõm ineji. • Okpuisjr ci pcraceeonmjkocmtn bc ij ichosijeoõm y ij ejpjeobjb rchuijbnrj, borcetj y tïemoej bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs. • Enmtrofuor ji bcsjrrniin bc ij nrhjmozjeoõm y hcstoõm kumoeopji, prnpnreonmjmbn ci pcraceeonmjkocmtn tïemoen ombospcmsjfic j ijs jutnrobjbcs. JKTC tocmc enkn nfgctovn nf gctovn aumbjkcmtji ij enmsniobjeoõm enmsn iobjeoõm y bcacmsj bc ij
jutnmnkëj pniëtoej, cenmõkoej y jbkomostrjtovj bc ijs quc pnr kjmbjtn enmstotueonmji hnzjm ins hnfocrmns inejics. Uus nfgctovns snm7 • Inhrjr ci bcsjrrniin, anrtjiceokocmtn anrtjiceokocmtn y knbcrmozjeoõm omstotueonmji bc ins hnfocrmns inejics. • Tjrtoeopjr jetovjkcmtc cm ci prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm pniëtoej y cenmõkoej bci Cstjbn sustcmtjbn cm ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs. • Okpuisjr ci pcraceeonmjkocmtn y ij npnrtumj bovuihjeoõm bc ij ichosijeoõm kumoeopji, pniëtoejs p÷fioejs, borcetovjs, rcsniueonmcs rcsniueonmcs y ntrjs bc ij bnetromj kumoeopji. • Ankcmtjr ij rcijeoõm omtcrmjeonmji y ci jeecsn bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs j ijs aucmtcs bc ij ennpcrjeoõm tïemoej omtcrmjeonmji. • Jpnyjr y jsneojtovobjb cmtrc bc ijs bcsjrrniin kumoeopjiobjbcs ïstjs enmijijsennpcrjeoõm omstotueonmcs p÷fioejs y provjbjs ineji. y bc • Trnknvcr ij ij okpickcmtjeoõm okpickcmtjeoõm bc ij Jhcmbj I Ineji neji 6: (hcstoõm jkfocmtji) cm ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs pjrj ij anrkuijeoõm bc sus pijmcs p ijmcs enmecrtjbns bc jeeoõm ineji bc bcsjrrniin sustcmtjfic. • Frombjr jsostcmeoj, rcsnivcr enmsuitjs y jscsnrjr j kumoeopjiobjbcs quc in rcquocrjm.
EJTËRSIN OOO7 TVNKNQOCMBN IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
5.6
Omeobcmeoj pniëtoej pjrj anrtjicecr ci prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm
Cm jrjs bc omeobor cm ij pniëtoej hufcrmjkcmtji, tjmtn ij bci pnbcr Cgceutovn enkn ij bci Ichosijtovn, ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷, enm ci jpnyn bc bostomtjs nrhjmozjeonmcs, cmtrc ijs quc bcstjejm ij Aumbjeoõm Lnmrjb Jbcmjucr y ci Omstotutn bc Omvcstohjeoõm y Ejpjeotjeoõm Kumoeopji (OMOEJK), `jm rcjiozjbn cmeucmtrns mjeonmjics y kjernrrchonmjics pjrj jmjiozjr ij prnfickêtoej kumoeopji, ins jvjmecs, inhrns, iokotjeonmcs y pcrspcetovjs bci prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. Cm csj iëmcj, cm 64:1 ij rcmnvjbj gumtj borcetovj bc ij JKTC `j bcsjrrniijbn ins sohuocmtcs cmeucmtrns7 j. Eukfrc pnr ij Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm 64:1
2?
Bci 62 ji 61 bc gumon, Eusen auc scbc bc ij Eukfrc bc Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cm ci Tcr÷ y bci OO Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji Cxtrjnrbomjron bc ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷, quc rcumoõ j 834 jiejibcs Kumoeopjiobjbcs jiejibcs prnvomeojics prnvomeojics y bostrotjics bostrotjics bc tnbn ci pjës, jsë enkn j hnfcrmjbnrcs rchonmjics pcrtcmceocmtcs j ij Jsneojeoõm Mjeonmji bc Hnfocrmns Vchonmjics (JMHV). Cm cstj jetovobjb pjrtoeopjrnm ci cicetn prcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej bci Tcr÷, Tcbrn Tjfin Luezymslo, y ci prokcr voecprcsobcmtc, Kjrtëm Qozejrrj. Bc ijs enmeiusonmcs bci cvcmtn sc pucbcm bcstjejr7
34
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
• Ci enkprnkosn bc ij JKTC bc trjfjgjr borcetjkcmtc enm ci hnfocrmn ecmtrji y ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics bc tnbn ci pjës. • Ci omerckcmtn bci prcsupucstn mjeonmji pjrj hnfocrmns inejics bci ::,1% jetuji j um pnrecmtjgc bci 64% bci Trcsupucstn Mjeonmji. • Ij ercjeoõm bc umj Icy bc Uchurn bc Qobj Qobj pjrj ins Jiejibcs, bjbn quc kue`js jutnrobjbcs suarcm bostomtns jtcmtjbns enmtrj su vobj. • Ij bcrnhjtnroj bc ij Icy 54543, 54543, quc prn`ëfc ij rcciceeoõm omkcbojtj bc jutnrobjbcs inejics y rchonmjics, y bc ij Icy 5454?, Icy bc Anrtjiceokocmtn bc ij Vcspnmsjfoiobjb y Rrjmspjrcmeoj Aoseji, euyn nfgctovn cs jschurjr umj jbkomostrjeoõm prubcmtc, rcspnmsjfic, trjmspjrcmtc mjmzjs ci mpijzn. bc kjmtcmcr ci erceokocmtny prcbceofic cenmõkoenbcbciijspjës cm cip÷fioejs, kcbojmnenm y ijrhn • Trnpnmcr umj jkmostëj cxtrjnrbomjroj j ij bcubj trofutjroj bc ins hnfocrmns inejics enm ij Uupcromtcmbcmeoj Mjeonmji bc Jbkomostrjeoõm Rrofutjroj R rofutjroj (USMJR )).. Ji eocrrc bci cvcmtn, ijs jutnrobjbcs kumoeopjics suserofocrnm um Jetj bci Cmeucmtrn, quc auc prcscmtjbj ji omhcmocrn Kjrtëm Qozejrrj, prokcr voecprcsobcm voecpr csobcmtc tc cicetn, cicetn, quc sc omeiuy omeiuycc enkn jmcxn 3.:, Jetj bc Ujesjy`ujkjm. Ujesjy`ujkjm. f. Trokcr Cmeucmtrn Kjern Vchonmji
Vcjiozjbn cm bc ij eoubjb bc Oej ci 61 bc scptockfrc enmtõ enm ij pjrtoeopjeoõm kês bc eocm jutnrobjbcs kumoeopjicsbcbc64:1, ins bcpjrtjkcmtns bc Oej, @ujmejvcioej, Jyjeue`n y Jpurëkje. Cm cstc cmeucmtrn, Nsejr Fcmjvobcs, prcsobcmtc bc ij JKTC, rckjreõ ij okpnrtjmeoj bci hrckon cm ci boêinhn pniëtoen enm ci Tnbcr Cgceutovn y ci Tnbcr Ichosijtovn pjrj cstjficecr iëmcjs bc trjfjgn quc fcmceocm ij jutnmnkëj y hcstoõm bcsecmtrjiozjbj bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷. Cmtrc ijs obcjs eijvcs hcmcrjbjs pnr ijs cxpnsoeonmcs ecmtrjics y ins jpnrtcs bc ins pjrtoeopjmtcs bcstjejm7 • Omerckcmtjr ci prcsupucstn p÷fioen j ins hnfocrmns inejics, pnr scr ci cmtc cstjtji kês ecrejmn ji eoubjbjmn. • Ciokomjr ijs fjrrcrjs furnerêtoejs ecmtrjiostjs pjrj ij cgceueoõm bc prnycetns bc sjmcjkocmtn fêsoen c omarjcstrueturj voji. • Kcgnrjr ij ij ejiobjb bc ins prnycetns bc omvcrsoõm p÷fioej. • Trnknvcr ci bcsjrrniin bc ejpjeobjbcs cm hcstoõm bc omvcrsonmcs.
EJTËRSIN OOO7 TVNKNQOCMBN IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
• Knboejr ij mnrkjtovj quc rchuij ij rcciceeoõm bc jiejibcs, csejij rckumcrjtovj y ci cmbcubjkocmtn p÷fioen. • Jecicrjr ins bcsckfnisns pjrj ij cgceueoõm bc nfrjs. • Anrtjicecr ci hrckon kumoeopjiostj enkn prnkntnr cacetovn bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm.
3:
Ji tïrkomn bci cmeucmtrn, ci hcrcmtc bc ijbci JKTC prcscmtõ, pjrj ij jprnfjeoõm bci Ticmn, ij prnpucstj bc hcmcrji Bceijrjeoõm Cmeucmtrn, cijfnrjbj enm ci Cquopn Rïemoen bc JKTC snfrc ij fjsc bc ins jrhukcmtns j rhukcmtns cshrokobns pnr ins jiejibcs burjmtc tnbj ij gnrmjbj bc trjfjgn. Ji rcspcetn, mn `ufn momhumj nfgceoõm ji bneukcmtn, bc knbn quc sc jprnfjrnm jprnfjrn m pnr umjmokobjb ins :2 pumtns bc ij bceijrjeoõm. bceijrj eoõm. Ci tcmnr bci jetj sc omeiuyc en enmn mn jmcxn 3.6, Bceijrjeoõm bc Oej. e. Uchumbn Cmeucmtrn Kjern Vchonmji
Ij scbc bc cstc cmeucmtrn, quc sc rcjiozõ ci 54 bc scptockfrc bc 64:1, auc ci bostrotn Ci Rjkfn, bcpjrtjkcmtn bc @ujmejyn. Cm ci knkcmtn prntnenijr, ij jetovobjb enmtõ enm ij prcscmeoj bci prcsobcmtc pr csobcmtc bc ij JKTC, Nsejr Fcmjvobcs, quocm bon ij focmvcmobj j ins jiejibcs bostrotjics bc ins bcpjrtjkcmtns bc @ujmejyn, Gumëm, Tjsen, @uêmuen y Sejyjio y cmajtozõ ij okpnrtjmeoj bc anrkuijr iomcjkocmtns bc pniëtoej p÷fioej pjrj quc ci hnfocrmn ecmtrji okpickcmtc umj cacetovj jhcmbj bcsecmtrjiostj cm ins prõxokns eomen júns.
36
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
Ci omoeon bc ij jetovobjb cstuvn j ejrhn bci enmhrcsostj bci bcpjrtjkcmtn bc Gumëm Knosïs Huëj Tomtn, quocm narceoõ ci jpnyn bc su fjmejbj pjrj hcstonmjr omoeojtovjs ichosijtovjs quc enmtrofuycrjm ji anrtjiceokocmtn bci kumoeopjioskn cm ci Tcr÷. Bcstjeõ quc ci ntnrhjkocmtn bc ajeuitjbcs ji Cgceutovn cstê nrocmtjbn j jhoiozjr ij hcstoõm bc prnycetns quc bomjkozjm ij cenmnkëj, boskomuycm ins ëmboecs bc omschurobjb eoubjbjmj y kcgnrjm ijs enmboeonmcs bc pnfrczj. Kjmoacstõ su rcspjibn j ij prnpucstj bc um omerckcmtn bci prcsupucstn p÷fioen j ins hnfocrmns inejics y ij ciokomjeoõm bc fjrrcrjs furnerêtoejs cm ij hcstoõm bc prnycetns prnyc etns bc omvcrsoõm p÷fioej bc jhuj, vëjs y ntrns. Cmtrc ijs obcjs eijvcs hcmcrjbjs pnr ijs cxpnsoeonmcs ecmtrjics y ins jpnrtcs bc ins pjrtoeopjmtcs bcstjejm7 • Ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm mn snin pjsj pnr omtchrjr rchonmcs, rchonmcs, somn tjkfoïm ins scetnrcs p÷fioens. • Uomecrjr ij jsohmjeoõm bci prcsupucstn p÷fioen, quc ajeoiotc ij rêpobj omvcrsoõm cm ci bcsjrrniin ineji. • Smj cacetovj bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji bcfc bcmor bcmor quï aumeonmcs y rceursns sc trjmsacrorêm, y hjrjmtozjr quc ijs rchonmcs sc cmeucmtrcm ejpjeotjbjs pjrj jarnmtjr sus mucvjs rcspnmsjfoiobjbcs. • Ciokomjr ijs fjrrcrjs furnerêtoejs pjrj ij cgceueoõm bc prnycetns bc omvcrsoõm p÷fioej.
• Vcbcmor ijs aumeonmcs y enkpctcmeojs bc ins hnfocrmns inejics cm ci kjren bc sus ejpjeobjbcs cenmõkoejs, tïemoejs y npcrjtovjs. Cm ij pjrtc mji bci cvcmtn, ci hcrcmtc hcmcrji bc ij JKTC prcscmtõ, pjrj ij jprnfjeoõm bci Ticmn, ij prnpucstj bc Bceijrjeoõm bci Cmeucmtrn, cijfnrjbj enm ci Cquopn Rïemoen bc JKTC j pjrtor bc ins jpnrtcs pijmtcjbns pnr ins jiejibcs burjmtc tnbj ij gnrmjbj bc trjfjgn. Ci jetj auc jprnfjbj pnr umjmokobjb, sc jbgumtj enkn jmcxn 3.5, enm ij bcmnkomjeoõm bc Bceijrjtnroj umjmokobjb y sc jbgumtj Ci Rjkfn, Rjkfn, Gumëm.
EJTËRSIN OOO7 TVNKNQOCMBN IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
b. OOO Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji Cxtrjnrbomjron
Ci cvcmtn sc rcjiozõ ci 64 y 6: bc netufrc cm ci Ecmtrn bc Enmvcmeonmcs bc Iokj, y enmtõ enm ij prcscmeoj bc ins promeopjics tnkjbnrcs bc bceosonmcs cm ins pnbcrcs Cgceutovn y Ichosijtovn, cmejfczjbns pnr ci prcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej, Tcbrn Tjfin Luezymslo< ij prcsobcmtj bci Enmhrcsn, Iuz Ujihjbn< ci komostrn bc Cenmnkëj, Jiarcbn Jiarc bn R`nrmc< ci komostrn bc Qovocmbj, Cbkcr Rrugoiin< ci komostrn bci Omtcronr, Ejrins Fjsnkfrën, cmtrc ntrjs pcrsnmjiobjbcs okpnrtjmtcs bc ij pniëtoej mjeonmji y kumoeopji bci Tcr÷ y jscsnrcs bc Cstjbn.
35
Cmtrc ins jspcetns bcstjejfics sc pucbc kcmeonmjr ci enkprnkosn bci prcsobcmtc bc ij Vcpufioej bc nrhjmozjr cspjeons bc boêinhn enm ins promeopjics vnecrns bc ins hnfocrmns inejics, bcmnkomjbns KSMO-Cgceutovn, quc scrêm pjrjicins j ijs rcumonmcs quc sc rcjiozjm rcj iozjm enm ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics (HNVC-Cgceutovn). Ntrn jmumeon okpnrtjmtc cm ci cvcmtn in bon ij prcsobcmtj bci Enmhrcsn, Iuz Ujihjbn, quocm sc enkprnkctoõ j jpnyjr ijs omoeojtovjs ichosijtovjs quc anrtjiczejm ij hcstoõm bcsecmtrjiozjbj y ci kumoeopjioskn cm ci Tcr÷, bcstjejmbn jquciijs quc prnkucvcm ci omerckcmtn bc ins prcsupucstns cm ins hnfocrmns inejics, ij rcciceeoõm bc jiejibcs, cmtrc ntrjs. Ci komostrn bc Cenmnkëj, Jiarcbn R`nrmc, prceosõ ci trjfjgn quc sc vocmc rcjiozjmbn pjrj knboejr ci Uostckj Mjeonmji bc Omvcrsoõm T÷fioej, bc tji kjmcrj quc ci mjmeojkocmtn bc prnycetns nrocmtjbns j kcgnrjr ijs enmboeonmcs bc vobj bc ij pnfijeoõm mn tcmhj trjfjs furnerêtoejs.
32
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
Tcsc j cstns jmumeons, ins jiejibcs cxohocrnm j ij JKTC suserofor umj bceijrjeoõm quc jrhukcmtc ins iomcjkocmtns bc umj JHCMBJ pjrj ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, quc bcfc scr prcscmtjbj j ins pnbcrcs Cgceutovn y Ichosijtovn pjrj su pucstj cm kjre`j cm ins prõxokns eujtrn júns bc hnfocrmn. Ci tcxtn y enmtcmobn bc ins jeucrbns sc jbgumtj enkn jmcxn 3.2, Bceijrjeoõm bc Iokj.
EJTËRSIN O7 ENMRCPRN BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
EJTËRSIN OQ
33
Jhcmbj bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm
2.:
Tijmoejr ci bcsjrrniin ji kcbojmn y ijrhn pijzn
Trnpõsotn bc enmscmsujr mucstrn bcstomn pjës y prceosjr prceo sjr ij `ngj bc rutj • Bctcrkomjr ijs pntcmeojiobjbcs y npnrtumobjbcs bc bcsjrrniin bci pjës pjrj enmstruor umj vosoõm cm ci jetuji enmtcxtn y cm ci auturn. • Enmstruor um knbcin bc pjës bcsecmtrjiozjbn enm umj cstrjtchoj y um ernmnhrjkj bc trjmsacrcmeojs pcrkjmcmtc. • Tronrozjr c okpuisjr okpuisjr ij hcstoõm hcstoõm bc ij ij cbuejeoõm pjrj inhrjr ij kctj bc ’Tcr÷ cm ci jún 6434, pjës bc eêrecics vjeëjs‛. • Vcstjurjr ij foejkcrjiobjb pjrj inhrjr cquoiofron pniëtoen cmtrc ij rcprcscmtjeoõm tcrrotnroji y ij rcprcscmtjeoõm hcmcrjeonmji. Sm ’Ucmjbn gnvcm‛ rcprcscmtjrê j bostomtns pucfins bci pjës y ijs bceosonmcs
bc jquciins j quocmcs sc jpioejrêm ijs icycs.
2.6
Omstotueonmjiozjr ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm
• Vcjetovjr y anrtjicecr ci Enmscgn bc Ennrbomjeoõm Omtcrhufcrmjkcmtji. • Anrtjicecr ci jsneojtovoskn kumoeopji kumoeopji c omtchrjrin cm ci boêinhn tïemoenpniëtoen enm ins pnbcrcs Cgceutovn y Ichosijtovn. • Vcvosjr ij ymnrkjtovj quc rchuij rchonmjics ins hnfocrmns inejics.ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, j ins hnfocrmns • Jetujiozjr c okpickcmtjr ci Tijm Mjeonmji bc Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. Okpickcmtjr ci Nfscrvjtnron bc ij Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, enm ij mjiobjb bc boaumbor omanrkjeoõm erëtoej bci prnecsn
30
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
2.5
Kcgnrjr ins sostckjs bc omvcrsoõm p÷fioej • Vcvosjr ins erotcrons bc jsohmjeoõm bci ANMENKSM y y ci ejmnm. • Omerckcmtjr ci prcsupucstn pjrj hnfocrmns inejics ji 64% bci tntji mjeonmji. • Ntnrhjr ins rceursns jboeonmjics enm jmtoeopjeoõm, jmtoeopjeoõm, pjrj um kcgnr cgcreoeon bci hjstn p÷fioen. • Aicxofoiozjr ci Uostckj Mjeonmji bc Omvcrsoõm T÷fioej. • Jrtoeuijr ijs aumeonmcs n enkpctcmeojs bci Ecmtrn Mjeonmji bc Tijmcjkocmtn Cstrjtïhoen (ECTIJM ),), ci Uostckj Mjeonmji bc Omvcrsoõm T÷fioej y ci Uostckj Mjeonmji bc Trcsupucstn.
• Cvjiujr trjmsacrcmeoj trjmsacrcmeoj rceursns bci Anmbn bcjrejs Trnkneoõm j ij OmvcrsoõmijT÷fioej Vchonmjibcy Ineji ( ANMOTVCI ) j ijs kumoeopjics pjrj ij cgceueoõm bc prnycetns bc omvcrsoõm. 2.2
Vcvosoõm bc ij jsohmjeoõm bc enkpctcmeojs y aumeonmcs
• Vcvosjr ijs aumeonmcs quc bcfc jsukor ci scetnr provjbn y euêics ci scetnr p÷fioen, bc jeucrbn enm ci promeopon bc sufsobojrocbjb. • Bctcrkomjr ci enstn bc ij hcstoõm bc ijs aumeonmcs p÷fioejs pjrj ’somecrjr‛ euêmtn pucbc jsukor ci scetnr p÷fioen. • Vcvosjr ci rni y ijs aumeonmcs bc ins êkfotns bc hnfocrmn, sch÷m sus enkpctcmeojs bc hcstoõm, y jsohmjr ins rceursns mcecsjrons. • Jrtoeuijr ij hcstoõm bc ijs enkpctcmeojs enkpjrtobjs y bciokotjr ijs
aumeonmcs pnr êkfotns jbkomostrjtovns. ’Ci Tcr÷ tocmc umn bc ins Cstjbns kês bosaumeonmjics bosaumeonmjics bc Jkïroej Ijtomj, enm sostckjs enkpicgns quc jictjrhjm ji Cstjbn y quc enmtrjboecm ins promeopons bc ij Hcstoõm T÷fioej pnr Vcsuitjbns‛.2
2.3
Anrtjicecr ijs ejpjeobjbcs inejics
• Okpickcmtjr ins pijmcs bc bcsjrrniin bc pcrsnmjs prnknvobns pnr UCVQOV. 2
Icvotsly, ine. eot.
EJTËRSIN OQ7 JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
• Jsohmjr um prcsupucstn pjrj ijs jeeonmcs bc bcsjrrniin bc ejpjeobjbcs bc ijs omstotueonmcs p÷fioejs bc ins trcs movcics bc hnfocrmn. • Bcmor ci bcsjrrniin bcsjrrniin bc ejpjeobjbcs enkn enkn umj pniëtoej p÷fioej eijvc pjrj ci prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm. 2.1
Okpuisjr ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji
• Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji bovcrsoej y jkpiëj ij fjsc trofutjroj< sc prceosj kcgnrjr ijs fjscs y tjsjs. • Uc arjhkcmtj ci ’jutnrotjroskn‛ y sc enkpjrtc ij rcspnmsjfoiobjb y ci csaucrzn cm ij hcstoõm seji, y sc hcmcrjm enmtrjpcsns. • Ci boscún bcfc ombueor kjynr ceocmeoj trofutjroj snfrc ij hcstoõm bc trofutns mjeonmjics y sufmjeonmjics sch÷m su mjturjiczj. • Ci boscún bc kcejmoskns bc bostrofueoõm bci ejmnm bcfc rcvosjrsc pjrj supcrjr ij omcquobjb tcrrotnroji. ’Cxostc umj rcijeoõm borcetj cmtrc ij hcstoõm bc okpucstns y ci cgcreoeon bc rcspnmsjfoiobjbcs‛.3 (Cgckpin7 ij hcstoõm enkumji).
2.8
Vcpijmtcjr ij omtchrjeoõm rchonmji
• Cstjficecr umj topninhëj tcrrotnroji tcrrotnroji pjrj bcmor ijs omeobcmeojs bc sus ejrjetcrëstoejs cm ij bctcrkomjeoõm bc sus omstotueonmjiobjbcs. • Cstjficecr ijs kctjs y rcqucrokocmtns pjrtoeuijrcs bc ins bostomtns topns bc tcrrotnrons pjrj cvjiujr sus ejpjeobjbcs bc hcstoõm.
3?
• Jbceujr ij mnrkjtovobjb bc hcstoõm p÷fioej j ijs pjrtoeuijrobjbcs topniõhoejs y enmstruor erotcrons bc cvjiujeoõm jb-`ne. • Trnknvcr umj kjynr pjrtoeopjeoõm bc ins iëbcrcs inejics cm ci boscún bc ins sostckjs jbkomostrjtovns tcrrotnrojics. ’Mn cs ij sneocbjb ij quc tocmc quc jbceujrsc ji Cstjbn, cs ci Cstjbn ci quc tocmc quc jbceujrsc j ij sneocbjb‛.1
3 1
Ijrons, Gnsï, Fctty Jivjrjbn y Cicmj Enmtcrmn (6442). Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji. Vceupcrjbn bc7 `ttps7// www.kca.hnf.pc/enmtcmobns/pni^cenm/bneukcmtns/Trnbcs^bcsecmtrjiozjeonm^ijrons^jivjrjbn.pba Kjren Ruion Eoecrõm, gurostj y pniëtoen rnkjmn, 33 júns j. E.
14
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
2.0
Cvjiujr ins kcejmoskns pjrtoeopjtovns y bc enmecrtjeoõm
• Jmjiozjr y knmotnrcjr ci bcsckpcún c okpjetn bc ins prcsupucstns pjrtoeopjtovns okpickcmtjbns j movci rchonmji y kumoeopji. • Jmjiozjr ci bcsckpcún c okpjetn bc ins kcejmoskns bc pjrtoeopjeoõm eoubjbjmj ins êkfotns rchonmji y ineji. • Trnpnmcr knboejeonmcs pjrj ci kcgnr aumeonmjkocmtn y bcsckpcún bc ins kcejmoskns c omstrukcmtns pjrtoeopjtovns.
EJTËRSIN O7 ENMRCPRN BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
Jmcxns
1:
JMCPN 3.: Bceijrjtnroj bc Ujqsjywjkjm ― Eusen Eukfrc pnr ij Bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cm ci Tcr÷ y OO Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji Cxtrjnrbomjron Cxtrjnrbomjron bc ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjio Kumoeopjiobjbcs bjbcs bci Tcr÷ ― JKTC
Cm ci kcs gufoijr bci Eusen, j ins vcomtoeomen bëjs bc gumon bci bns koi boceosïos, cm ci kjren bci Enmhrcsn bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Eusen, quc tuvn enkn ickj7 ’Tnr ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm y jutnmnkëj bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs‛, ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷, JKTC, sc borohc j ijs jutnrobjbcs cicetjs bci hnfocrmn ecmtrji ybci bciprcscmtc Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej, pjrj quc cm eucmtj ijs enmeiusonmcs enmhrcsn cm ij eoubjb bci tnkcm Eusen y sc enmsobcrcm enkn pniëtoejs bc Cstjbn j pjrtor bci 60 bc guion bc 64:1. Uocmbn ijs sohuocmtcs7 Trokcrn7 CI OKTSIUN OMOEOJI
:. Vjtoejr ijs enmeiusonmcs bci O, OO y OOO Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji bc ij JKTC rcjiozjbns cm ij eoubjb bc @uêmuen, Rrugoiin y Jtc-Iokj, borohobjs j inhrjr ci bcsjrrniin mjeonmji, ijs quc sc omenrpnrjm enkn pjrtc omtchrjmtc bci prcscmtc bneukcmtn. 6. Unioeotjr ji prcsobcmtc ij Vcp÷fioej y ji hnfocrmns Enmhrcsn Enmhrcsn mjeonmji cicetns, jsohmjr kês rceursns bc cenmõkoens j ins inejics, enm um omerckcmtn bci ::% ji 64% pjrj ci prcsupucstn bci cgcreoeon 64:8. 5. Unioeotjr ij prnkuihjeoõm bc umj Icy bc Uchurn bc Q Qobj obj pnr Vocshn Aumeonmji bc ijs jutnrobjbcs cichobjs pnr vntn pnpuijr.
12
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
2. Unioeotjr ij bcrnhjtnroj bc ij icy 54543 rcacrobj j ij mn rcciceeoõm 3. omkcbojtj Cm ci tckjbc bcijiejibcs. pjtroknmon euiturji y knmukcmtji, quc ci Cstjbn pcrujmn jsukj sus rcspnmsjfoiobjbcs, enmanrkc j ijs icycs y trjtjbns y enmvcmons omtcrmjeonmjics quc in vomeuijm, sjiocmbn cm bcacmsj bci pjtroknmon euiturji. 1. Unioeotjkns ij bcrnhjtnroj bc ij icy 544?? bc trjmspjrcmeoj y rcspnmsjfoiobjb seji sej i y su rcsniueoõm :83-64:1-CA. :83-64:1-CA. 8. Unioeotjkns ci omerckcmtn bci prokcr pumtn jboeonmji bci OHQ pjrj ci ANMENKSM , pjrj omerckcmtjr ins rceursns bc enkpcmsjeoõm quc sc jsohmjm j ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs. Uchumbn7 JIOJMWJ TNIËROEJbciCMRVC INU CMRCU C URJ JRJICU Ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs Tcr÷ (JKTC) jpnyj y scCUR enkprnkctc j trjfjgjr enm ins hnfocrmns rchonmjics y ci hnfocrmn mjeonmji, pnr ci bcsjrrniin omtchrji bc ins pucfins bci Tcr÷.
Rcrecrn7 CM UCHSVOBJB EOSBJBJMJ Rcrecrn7 Rnkjmbn R nkjmbn cm eucmtj quc sc `j omerckcmtjbn ij omschurobjb eoubjbjmj j movci mjeonmji y quc cxostcm fjrrons quc pnr sus ejrjetcrëstoejs hcmcrjm jecicrjbjkcmtc mucvjs enmbuetjs bcioetovjs. Bjbn quc ij bciomeucmeoj sc omerckcmtj pnr ajitj bc npnrtumobjbcs cm cbuejeoõm bc ejiobjb y ckpicn. Vcenmneocmbn quc mn cxostc umj cstrjtchoj jrtoeuijbj cmtrc ci Cstjbn mjeonmji, rchonmji y ineji mo tjkpnen cmtrc ijs prnpojs cmtobjbcs bci scetnr p÷fioen, enkn ci Tnbcr Guboeoji, Komostcron bci Omtcronr y Tnioeëj Mjeonmji, Mjeonmji, prnpnmckns7 • Omstotueonmjiozjr ij en ennpcrjeoõm npcrjeoõm cmtrc ij Tnioeëj Mjeonmji y ins hnfocrmns
inejics, kcbojmtc ci pjtruiijgc omtchrjbn y ij enmbueeoõm pniëtoe pniëtoejj pnr ins jiejibcs bostrotjics y prnvomeojics bci Tcr÷. • Omtchrjr ci sostckj bc Ucrcmjzhn pnr pnr rchonmcs cm vostj bc quc ij bciomeucmeoj mn tocmc arnmtcrjs. • eoubjbjmj Anrtjicecr cm y rcenmnecr crurjics. i rni bc ijs ijs Vnmbjs Vnmbjs Ejkpcsomjs Ejkpcsomjs pjrj ij schurobjb schurobjb ijs znmjsci • Hjrjmtozjr npnrtumobjbcs rcjics bc kês y kcgnr cbuejeoõm csenijr y supcronr jsë enkn npnrtumobjbcs rcjics bc trjfjgn, ckpicn c omhrcsns bohmns enm schurobjb sneoji cspceojikcmtc pjrj ij guvcmtub.
JMCPNU
• Unioeotjr ji hnfocrmn ecmtrji ecmtrji y enmvnejr j ij ennpcrjeoõm ennpcrjeoõm omtcrmjeonmji omtcrmjeonmji enkn ci Trnhrjkj bc Mjeonmcs Smobjs pjrj ci Bcsjrrniin Bcsjrr niin (TMSB) quc sc jpnyc j ins kumoeopons cm prnhrjkjs bc schurobjb eoubjbjmj. Eujrtn7 CM BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM Ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm cs ci ejkomn kês enrtn y cacetovn pjrj inhrjr ci bcsjrrniin mjeonmji bcsbc in ineji. Cs cvobcmtc quc ci Cstjbn umotjron y su sostckj bcknerêtoen `j sobn omejpjz bc hjrjmtozjr ci bcsjrrniin mjeonmji y ij bcrrntj bc ij pnfrczj, bcfobn j su bcsnrhjmozjeoõm omtcrmj, furnerêtoej y ajitj bc vniumtjb pniëtoej pjrj knvoiozjr j ins hnfocrmns inejics. Tnr tjmtn, ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm rcenmneobj pnr ij Enmstotueoõm mn cs umj rcjiobjb cm ci Tcr÷ y ins kumoeopons bcsbc :06: j ij ace`j tocmcm quc or enmstjmtckcmtc j Iokj kcmbohjr rceursns bc insquc komostcrons y prnhrjkjs prn hrjkjs sneojics y j enkpctor cm jprnhrjkjs enmeursjfics mn fcmceojm j tnbns ins kumoeopons. Ci ecmtrjioskn cm ci Tcr÷ mn `j ejkfojbn y urhc trjmsanrkjrin, pjrj rcanrkjr ci Cstjbn y jvjmzjr `jeoj umj bcknerjeoj pjrtoeopjtovj. pjrtoeopjtovj . Cxohor ji prcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej y ji mucvn Enmhrcsn quc rcomoeoc ci prnecsn bcsecmtrjiostj enmanrkc kjmbj ij Enmstotueoõm, cm ci kjren bci Cstjbn umotjron y bc ins hnfocrmns inejics y rchonmjics jutõmnkns. Smj bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm omkcbojtj y cacetovj. Ijum knbcrmozjeoõm Cstjbn enm enmcetovobjb enmcetovobjcmb cs rcquosotn kuybcimcecsjron pjrjtcemninhëjs prnknvcrbc ij omanrkjeoõm pjrtoeopjeoõmyeoubjbjmj ci prnecsn bc bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm, ohuji quc urhcm neomjs bc ennpcrjeoõm omtcrmjeonmji cm ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs pjrj ij ejptjeoõm bc rceursns y anrtjicecr cxpcrocmeojs y ejpjeobjbcs. Trcscmtjr umj omoeojtovj ichosijtovj pjrj ijs êrcjs kctrnpniotjmjs enm kês bc bc
13
trcseocmtns koi `jfotjmtcs, bc kjmcrj bc rcsnivcr enm pronrobjb y bc kjmcrj snstcmofic y jrtoeuijbj ins prnfickjs bc hcstoõm bci trjmspnrtc, usn bci sucin, cquopjkocmtn urfjmn, hcstoõm bc rcsobuns sõiobns, cmtrc ntrns. Cm kjren,2?´ snioeotjkns ij jprnfjeoõm bc ij icy bcsjrrniin bci csc jrtëeuin bc ij Enmstotueoõm Tniëtoej bcibcTcr÷, snfrc enmstotueonmji ij ejpotjiobjb `ostõroej bci Eusen, bcsjrrniin bci rïhokcm bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs rurjics (quc sukjm kês bc ij kotjb bci tntji), omeiuycmbn ij sotujeoõm cspceoji bc ins kumoeopons bc arnmtcrj, tjmtn j movci bc jsohmjeoõm bc enkpctcmeojs y
11
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
cstrueturj nrhêmoej, cxprcsjbj cm umj topninhëj quc boacrcmeoc ij rcjiobjb bc ij bovcrsobjb euiturji, urfjmëstoej y sneoncenmõkoej. Enmsobcrjkns aumbjkcmtji anrtjicecr ci ejmnm enm rceursns prnvcmocmtcs bc ij rcmchneojeoõm bc ins enmtrjtns bc omvcrsoõm provjbj, inhrjr um komostcron enm jutnmnkëj pjrj borohor tnbjs ijs trjmsacrcmeojs mcecsjrojs bci hnfocrmn ecmtrji j ins hnfocrmns inejics, hjrjmtozjmbn ij kumoeopjiozjeoõm bci prcsupucstn mjeonmji bc ij rcp÷fioej, anrtjiceocmbn ijs enkpctcmeojs kumoeopjics bcfobjkcmtc bntjbjs bc rceursns cm tckjs enkn7 • Hcstoõm bc rcsobuns sõiobns. • Ruroskn. • Euiturj. • Srfjmoskn. • Jhroeuiturj y rochn. • Bcsjrrniin cenmõkoen ineji. Ins rceursns mjeonmjics quc mjmeojm csjs pronrobjbcs kumoeopjics mn pucbcm cstjr sugctns j kcejmoskns enmeursjfics enkn ci Tijm bc Omecmtovns Kumoeopjics y ci ANMOTVCI \Anmbn bc Trnkneoõm j ij Omvcrsoõm T÷fioej Vchonmji y Ineji[. Cm csc kjren, snioeotjkns quc ci Tnbcr Cgceutovn enmanrkc umj enkosoõm omtcrhufcrmjkcmtji pjrj boscújr enmgumtjkcmtc ci prnycetn bci mucvn komostcron. Tijmtcjkns ji KCA quc bospnmhj umj jkmostëj cstjtji pjrj enmbnmjr ijs kuitjs, omtcrcscs y knrjs bci pjhn bc okpucstns j ij USMJR . Anrtjicecr ij ennrbomjeoõm bc ij jsohmjeoõm bc rceursns bc omvcrsoõm cmtrc ejbj hnfocrmn rchonmji y ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs bc su rcspcetovn bcpjrtjkcmtn bc kjmcrj bc rcspnmbcr jrtoeuijbjkcmtc j ijs pronrobjbcs bc ij pnfijeoõm.
Zuomtn7 JSRNMNKËJ BC HNFOCVMNU INEJICU Ci Hnfocrmn bcfc rcstotuor ij jutnmnkëj kumoeopji enkn rcenmneokocmtn j su rni y ejpjeobjbcs pjrj ij bcacmsj bc ins aucrns y enkpctcmeojs kumoeopjics. Ij JKTC prcscmtjrê um prnycetn bc mucvj Icy Nrhêmoej bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs y um prnycetn bc mucvj Icy bc Rrofutjeoõm Rrofutjeoõm Kumoeopji cm vostj quc ij rcjiobjb sneoji, cenmõkoej y pniëtoej bci pjës `jm ejkfojbn sohmoejtovjkcmtc, hcmcrjmbn mucvns rctns j ijs jutnrobjbcs inejics.
JMCPNU
Uc pijmtcj ij bcrnhjtnroj bci B.U. 463, mnrkj quc mn pcrkotc cstjficecr ij rckumcrjeoõm bc ins jiejibcs bc jeucrbn enm ci prcsupucstn bc ejbj kumoeopon. Uc pijmtcj jbckês quc sc rcspctcm ijs enkpctcmeojs kumoeopjics cstjficeobjs pnr icy pjrj ij hcstoõm bc prnhrjkjs sneojics. Enomeobocmbn enm ij vniumtjb bci hnfocrmn cicetn, jpnyjkns ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm bc TrnOmvcrsoõm y ci Uostckj Mjeonmji bc Omvcrsoõm T÷fioej, jfjrejmbn tnbns ins komostcrons. Cm ci kjren bc ij boseusoõm bc umj rcanrkj hcmcrji bci Uostckj Mjeonmji bc Tcmsonmcs, rcvosjr ij jetuji nfiohjeoõm kumoeopji bc pjhjr enm ejrhn j su prnpon prcsupucstn ijs pcmsonmcs bc ins gufoijbns bc ij icy 64354. Uc pijmtcj tjkfoïm bcrnhjr tnbjs ijs mnrkjs quc iokotjm ij jutnmnkëj kumoeopji. Vcenkcmbjr ji mucvn hnfocrmn cicetn, ij anrkjeoõm bc kcsjs bc trjfjgn enmanrkjbjs enm rcprcscmtjmtcs bc ins trcs movcics bc hnfocrmn pjrj bcsjrrniijr tckjs cspceëens quc pcrkotjm ij rcjiozjeoõm bc ins jeucrbns bc bc ij prcscmtc bceijrjeoõm. Uc pijmtcj tjkfoïm bcrnhjr tnbjs ijs mnrkjs quc iokotjm ij jutnmnkëj kumoeopji. Ucxtn7 Unioeotjr ji Trcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej quc ci Trcsobcmtc bc ij JKTC tcmhj vnz y vntn cm ci Enmscgn bc Komostrns Uïptokn7 Unioeotjr ij bcrnhjtnroj bc ij icy 6242:.
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10
JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
JMCPN 3.6 Bceijrjtnroj bci Trokcr Cmeucmtrn Kjern Vchonmji bc ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷-JKTC, cm ij Eoubjb bc Oej
J ins 61 bëjs bci kcs bc sctockfrc bci 64:1, cm ij eoubjb bc Oej, sc rcjiozõ ci Trokcr Cmeucmtrn Kjern Vchonmji bc Jiejibcs bci bcpjrtjkcmtn bc Jyjeue`n, Jpurëkje, Oej y @ujmejvcioej, enm jsostcmeoj bc aumeonmjrons bci Komostcron bc Qovocmbj y bc Cenmnkëj, pjrj trjtjr jsumtn rcijeonmjbns enm ij hcstoõm bc ins hnfocrmns inejics, iichjmbn j ijs sohuocmtcs enmeiusonmcs7 :. Anrtjicecr ij omstotueonmjiobjb bc ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷ (JKTC) enkn ÷moej omstotueoõm rcprcscmtjtovj bc ins jiejibcs prnvomeojics y bostrotjics bci Tcr÷, euyn nfgctovn cs ij bcacmsj bc ins omtcrcscs bc ins hnfocrmns inejics. 6. Ij JKTC snioeotj ji Enmhrcsn Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej, ij jsohmjeoõm bc kês rceursns cenmõkoens j ins hnfocrmns inejics y mn jpioejr umj hcstoõm ecmtrjiostj enkn sc nfscrvj cm ci prnycetn bc ij Icy bc Trcsupucstn pjrj ci jún 64:8. 5. Unioeotjr j ij Enkosoõm bc Trcsupucstn, Enkosoõm bc Cenmnkëj, Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej y ji Trcsobcmtc Enmstotueonmji ci omerckcmtn bci ::% ji 64% pjrj ins hnfocrmns inejics cm ci prcsupucstn bci cgcreoeon bci jún 64:8. 2. Unioeotjr ij prnkuihjeoõm bc umj icy bc schurn bc vobj pnr rocshn aumeonmji bc ijs jutnrobjbcs cichobjs pnr vntn pnpuijr. 3. Unioeotjr j ij Enkosoõm Enkosoõm bc Enmstotueoõm y ji Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej ij jprnfjeoõm bc ij knboejeoõm bc ij icy 54543 rcacrobj j ij rcciceeoõm bc jiejibcs y rchobnrcs, rcstotuycmbn ci bcrce`n j ij rcciceeoõm bc ins jiejibcs y rchobnrcs. 1. Ij JKTC, snioeotj ji Enmscgn bc Komostrns ij bcrnhjtnroj bci Bcerctn Uuprckn 463-6448-TEK, pnrquc trjmshrcbc ij Icy Nrhêmoej bc
Kumoeopjiobjbcs y ci jrtëeuin jrtëeuin :?2 bc ij Enmstotueoõm Tniëtoej bci Cstjbn quc vuimcrj ij jutnmnkëj pniëtoej, cenmõkoej y jbkomostrjtovj bc ins hnfocrmns inejics. Ij rckumcrjeoõm bc ins jiejibcs bcfc cstjficecrsc bc jeucrbn enm ij ejpjeobjb cenmõkoej bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs. 8. Ij JKTC snioeotj quc ins rceursns bci ANMOTVCI scjm trjmsacrobns j ins hnfocrmns inejics y quc anrkcm pjrtc bci prcsupucstn kumoeopji pjrj ij cgceueoõm bc ins prnycetns bc omvcrsoõm.
JMCPNU
0. Unioeotjkns ji Komostcron bc Cenmnkëj y Aomjmzjs \y ji[ Enmscgn bc Komostrns ntnrhjr um erïbotn supickcmtjron j ajvnr bc ins hnfocrmns inejics pnr ci rcenrtc bci ejmnm cmcrhïtoen. ?. Unioeotjkns j ij Enkosoõm bc Trcsupucstn, \ji[ Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej, ji Komostcron bc Cenmnkëj y Aomjmzjs ci omerckcmtn bc um (:) pumtn jboeonmji bci OHQ pjrj ci ANMENKSM . :4. Unioeotjr ji Trcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej Vcp÷ fioej y Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji, rcomoeoc ci prnecsn bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm enmanrkc in cstjficec ij Enmstotueoõm, umj bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm omkcbojtj y cacetovj< pniëtoej, jbkomostr jbkomostrjtovj, jtovj, seji y cenmõkoej j ajvnr bc ins hnfocrmns inejics. ::. Unioeotjr ji Komostcron bc b c Cenmnkëj y Aomjmzjs umj jkmostëj tntji bc ij bcubj j ij USMJR , jprnfjmbn ci pjhn bci knmtn omsniutn, cxnmcrjmbn ijs kuitjs, knrjs c omtcrïs< tcmocmbn cm enmsobcrjeoõm quc ji bëj bc `ny ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷ tocmcm umj bcubj quc jseocmbc j ins 6,444 koiinmcs bc snics. :6. Ij JKTC jeucrbj snioeotjr ji Komostcron bci Omtcronr pjrj quc kcbojmtc ij bcichjeoõm bc ajeuitjbcs, ichosic ij enfrjmzj borcetj bc ins jrfotrons bc Ucrcmjzhn quc enrrcspnmbj j ins hnfocrmns inejics, j trjvïs bc ins rceofns bc enmsukn bc enrrocmtc ciïetroej bc ins enmtrofuycmtcs. :5. Ij JKTC snioeotj quc ijs nfrjs ppnr nr okpucstns sc rchijkcmtcm bc anrkj kês jeecsofic pjrj quc tnbns ins hnfocrmns inejics tcmhjm pjrtoeopjeoõm cm ij cgceueoõm bc sus prnycetns pnr ij omvcrsoõm provjbj. :2. Ij JKTC snioeotj ji Cgceutovn ij rcvosoõm y cvjiujeoõm cv jiujeoõm bc ij Icy M.´ 54654, ’Icy quc cstjficec ijs kcbobjs trofutjrojs y pcrkosns bc ij omvcrsoõm cm ci pjës‛, bc ijs tjsjs pnr trêkotcs, bcrce`ns y ioecmeojs kumoeopjics bci jrtëeuin 84 quc cstjficec quc ci knmtn bc ins scrvoeons jbkomostrjtovns n bcrce`ns mn pnbrê scr supcronr j umj (:) SOR. Ci BU M.´ 44?-64:1-Qovocmbj ’knboej ci Vchijkcmtn bc Ioecmeojs bc @jfoiotjeoõm Srfjmj y Ioecmeojs bc Cboejeoõm, cm ci euji cstjficec ci pjhn bc umj tjsj pnr enmecptn bc ioecmeoj quc enkprcmbc ij vcroejeoõm tïemoej y ij vcroejeoõm jbkomostrjtovj‛. Cstj tjsj, enkn tnpc kêxokn bc pjhn, cs cquovjicmtc j umj (4:) SOR, enmanrkc ji kjren ichji quc cstjficec ij Icy M.´ 54654. Ij JKTC snioeotj ji Cgceutovn ij rcvosoõm y
1?
cvjiujeoõm bc boe`j mnrkj quc vocmc jacetjmbn ij cenmnkëj kumoeopji. :3. Ijs prcscmtcs enmeiusonmcs enme iusonmcs scrêm rckotobjs rckotobj s ji Trcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej, Vcp÷fioej , Trcsobcmtc bci Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji, Trcsobcmtc bc Enmscgn bc Komostrns, Komostcron bc Cenmnkëj y Aomjmzjs, enkosonmcs bci Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej, bcfobjkcmtc aumbjkcmtjbjs.
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JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
JMCPN 3.5 Bceijrjtnroj bci Uchumbn Cmeucmtrn Kjern Vchonmji bc ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷ ― JKTC
Cm ij eoubjb bc Ci Rjkfn, Rjkfn, @ujmejyn, j ins 54 bëjs bci kcs bc scptockfrc bc 64:1, cm ci kctrnpniotjmn bostrotn bc Ci Rjkfn, Rjkfn, prnvomeoj bc @ujmejyn, bcpjrtjkcmtn bc Gumëm, sc rcjiozõ ci schumbn cmeucmtrn kjern rchonmji bc jiejibcs bc ins bcpjrtjkcmtns bc @uêmuen, Tjsen, Gumëm y Sejyjio, iichjmbn iichjmbn j ijs sohuocmtcs enmeiusonmcs7 :. Anrtjicecr ij omstotueonmjiobjb bc ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷ (JKTC) enkn ÷moej omstotueoõm rcprcscmtjtovj bc ins jiejibcs prnvomeojics y bostrotjics bci Tcr÷. 6. Ij rcumoõm kjern rchonmji bci prcscmtcij cvcmtn snioeotj ji hnfocrmn ecmtrji y ji Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej, jsohmjeoõm bc kês rceursns cenmõkoens j ins hnfocrmns inejics y mn jpioejr umj hcstoõm prcsupucstji ecmtrjiostj, enkn sc nfscrvj cm ci prnycetn bc ij icy bc prcsupucstn pjrj ci jún seji 64:8. 5. Unioeotjr j ij Enkosoõm bc Trcsupucstn y Eucmtj Hcmcrji Hcmcrji bc ij Vcp÷fioej, Enkosoõm bc Cenmnkëj, Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej y ji Trcsobcmtc Enmstotueonmji,i, ci omerckcmtn bci ::% ji 64% pjrj ins hnfocrmns inejics Enmstotueonmj cm ci prcsupucstn bci cgcreoeon bci jún seji 64:8. 2. Unioeotjr j ij Enkosoõm bc Enmstotueoõm y ji Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej ij jprnfjeoõm bc ij knboejeoõm bc ij Icy M.´ 54543 rcacrobj j ij rcciceeoõm bc jiejibcs y rchobnrcs, rcstotuycmbn ci bcrce`n j ij rcciceeoõm bc ins jiejibcs y rchobnrcs. 3. Uc jeucrbj snioeotjr ji Enmscgn bc Komostrns ij bcrnhjtnroj bci Bcerctn Uuprckn M.´ 463-6448-TEK, rcacrobn j ij csejij rckumcrjtovj bc ins jiejibcs, pnrquc trjmshrcbc ij Icy Nrhêmoej bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs y ci jrtëeuin :?2 bc ij Enmstotueoõm Tniëtoej bci Cstjbn, quc vuimcrj ij jutnmnkëj pniëtoej, cenmõkoej y jbkomostrjtovj bc ins hnfocrmns inejics. Ij rckumcrjeoõm bc ins jiejibcs bcfc cstjficecrsc bc jeucrbn enm ij ejpjeobjb cenmõkoej bc ijs kumoeopjiobjbcs. 1. Uc jeucrbj snioeotjr quc ins rceursns bci ANMOTVCI scjm trjmsacrobns j
ins hnfocrmns inejics y quc anrkcm pjrtc bci prcsupucstn kumoeopji pjrj ij cgceueoõm bc prnycetnsbc bc Trcsupucstn omvcrsoõm. y Eucmtj Hcmcrji bc ij 8. Unioeotjkns j ijinsEnkosoõm Vcp÷fioej, Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej y ji Komostcron bc Cenmnkëj y bci 6% ji 5% bci OHQ. Aomjmzjs, ci omerckcmtn bci ANMENKSM bci
JMCPNU
0. Unioeotjr ji Trcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej y Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji, ij okpickcmtjeoõm bc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm jbkomostrjtovj, seji y cenmõkoej bc ins hnfocrmns inejics. bc Cenmnkëj y Aomjmzjs umj jkmostëj ?. jUcajvnr jeucrbj snioeotjr ji Komostcron tntji bc ij bcubj j ij USMJR , jprnfjmbn snin ci pjhn bci knmtn omsniutn, cxnmcrjmbn ijs kuitjs, knrjs c omtcrïs. Jsokoskn, snioeotjkns ij suspcmsoõm bc ins prnecsns enjetovns omoeojbns pnr ij USMJR j j ins hnfocrmns inejics y eujiquocr ntrj jeeoõm bc enfrjmzj quc okpioquc ij rctcmeoõm bc ins rceursns kumoeopjics. :4. Uc jeucrbj snioeotjr ji hnfocrmn ecmtrji y ji Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej sc ntnrhuc umj pjrtobj prcsupucstji cspceëej, pjrj okpickcmtjr ij schurobjb eoubjbjmj cm ins hnfocrmns inejics. ::. Uc jeucrbj snioeotjr quc ins rceursns bc ins prnycetns enm mjmeojkocmtn bci hnfocrmn ecmtrji, trjmsacrobns j ins seji. hnfocrmns inejics, sc rcjioecm bcmtrn bci prokcr sckcstrc bci cgcreoeon :6. Uc jeucrbj snioeotjr ji Komostcron bc Cenmnkëj y Aomjmzjs ij stcxofoiozjeoõm bc ijs rchijs sejics, quc pcrkotjm ij cgceueoõm bc ins hjstns kumoeopjics cm ij prcstjeoõm bc ins scrvoeons cm ajvnr bc ins vceomns. :5. Uc jeucrbj jeucr bj ennrbomjr enm ci Komostcron bc Cenmnkëj y Aomjmzjs ij rcvosoõm bc ij prnpucstj bc knboejeoõm bci Uostckj Mjeonmji bc Omvcrsoõm T÷fioej, ci koskn quc pcrkotj ij omvcrsoõm rêpobj, rêp obj, ceocmtc y npnrtumj cm mucstrjs kumoeopjiobjbcs. Ijs prcscmtcs enmeiusonmcs scrêm rckotobjs ji Trcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej, Trcsobcmtc bci Trcsobcmtc bc Enmscgn bc Komostrns, Komostcron bc Enmhrcsn CenmnkëjMjeonmji, y Aomjmzjs, enkosonmcs bci Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej, bcfobjkcmtc aumbjkcmtjbjs.
8:
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JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
JMCPN 3.2 Bceijrjeoõm bc Iokj bci OOO Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji Cxtrjnrbomjron bc Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bciijTcr÷ JKTC 64:1
Cm ij eoubjb bc Iokj, j ins vcomtc bëjs bci kcs bc netufrc bci jún bns koi boceosïos, cm ci kjren bci OOO Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji Cxtrjnrbomjron bc ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷, ins Jiejibcs Trnvomeojics y Bostrotjics, iuchn bc ijs cxpnsoeonmcs bc Trcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej Tcbrn Tjfin Luezymslo, Trcsobcmtj bci Enmhrcsn Iuz Ujihjbn Vufojmcs, bc ins scúnrcs Komostrns bc Cstjbn y bc ins jpnrtcs bc ins scúnrcs Jiejibcs sc iichõ j ijs sohuocmtcs enmeiusonmcs7 Trokcrn7 Vjtoejr Trokcrn7 ijs enmeiusonmcs bciijUchumbn Cxtrjnrbomjron bc ij JKTC, rcjiozjbn cm eoubjb bciEnmhrcsn Eusen. Mjeonmji Uchumbn7 Vjtoejr ij umobjb bc ins Jiejibcs bci Tcr÷, cm tnrmn j ij Uchumbn7 Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷ ― JKTC. Rcrecrn7 Bc Rcrecrn7 Bc jeucrbn j ij cxpnsoeoõm bci scúnr Trcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej Tcbrn Tjfin Luezymslo, sc enmanrkj ij Enkosoõm bc Enmecrtjeoõm Mjeonmji omtchrjbj pnr 53 Jiejibcs bc ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷, pjrj ij sustcmtjeoõm bc ijs enmeiusonmcs bc ins Enmhrcsns Mjeonmjics y ij pijtjanrkj prnhrjkêtoej kumoeopji< euyns omtchrjmtcs snm ins sohuocmtcs Jiejibcs7 Tnr ci Enmscgn Cgceutovn Mjeonmji7 :. 6. 5. 2. 3.
Nsejr Fcmjvobcs Kjgomn ― Trcsobcmtc bc JKTC Ciobon Cspomnzj Zuospc ― Qoecprcsobcmtc Jivjrcz Ejpe`j Nrtëz ― Ucerctjron Boõkcbcs Boõkcbc s Bonmoson Bonmoso n Omhj ― Rcsnrcrn csnrc rn Wõsokn Eêrbcmjs Kuhc ― Ucerctjron Omtcr Vchonmji
Kockfrns omtchrjmtcs pnr ejbj rchoõm7
:. @uêmuen7 Jmëfji Cbkumn Uniõrzjmn Tnmec 6. Tjsen7 Vuby Cbwom Ejiiupc Hnrj 5. Inrctn7 Jbcij Jbcij Cskcrjibj Gokïmcz Kcrj
JMCPNU
2. Gumëm7 Jieobcs Jieobcs Hinronsn E`jknrrn Fjivëm 3. Iokj7 @uhn Icõm Vjkns Icsejmn 1. Êmejs`7 Jkcioj Qoetnroj Cspomnzj Hjreëj 8. @ujmejvcioej7 Cstcfjm Nrijmbn Qoiichjs Qoiichjs Qonictj Qonictj 0. Knquchuj7 @uhn Osjëjs Zuospc Zuospc Kjkjmo ?. Jpurëkje7 Mjreosn Ejkpns Rruycmquc Rruycmquc :4. Tourj7 Nsejr Korjmbj Kjrtomn ::. Tumn7 Qëetnr Shjrtc E`jkfo :6. Ejgjkjrej7 Kjmuci Jmtcmnr Fcecrrj Qëie`cz :5. Jrcquopj7 Ainrcmtomn Jiarcbn Wchjrrj Rcgjbj :2. Jyjeue`n7 Nkjr Ainrcs _jrns _jrns :3. Eusen7 Ejrins Kjmuci Knsensn Tcrcj :1. Ij Iofcrtjb7 Rcicsanrn Nrtëz Kcbomj :8. Gujm Untnkjynr Hjreëj :0. Ejiijn7 Ijkfjycquc7 Bjvob Enrmcgn E`omhuci :?. Kjbrc Kjb rc bc Bons7 Jijom Hjiichns Knrcmn 64. Oej7 Tcbrn Ejrins Vjkns Injyzj 6:. Rjemj7 Iuos V. Rnrrcs Vnficbn 66. Rukfcs7 Kjmuci bc Ijkj @orce` 65. Sejyjio7 Sejyj io7 Qëetnr @uhn Hjreëj Unsj 62. Jkjznmjs7 Cwcr Rucstj Rucstj @objihn 63. Ujm Kjrtëm7 Nswjibn Gokïmcz Ujijs 61. Iokj7 Jmhci Xu Xu @ujpjyj 68. Oquotns7 Voe`jrb Qêsqucz Ujijzjr 60. Jpurëkje7 Eusen7 Kjmuci Ujiomjs 6?. Qëetnr JiajrnWjpjtj Ejmboj Uchurj 54. @uêmuen7 Bjyso Untn Knry Eujrtn7 Uc jeucrbj cijfnrjr umj pijtjanrkj Eujrtn7 Uc pijtjan rkj prnhrjkêtoej kumoeopji bc ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷ y prcscmtjrij pjrj ij ennrbomjeoõm, okpickcmtjeoõm y cgceueoõm enm ci Hnfocrmn Ecmtrji. Zuomtn7 Cijfnrjr ci ernmnhrjkj bc Cmeucmtrns Kjern Vchonmjics Zuomtn7 Bcsecmtrjiozjbns j movci mjeonmji cmtrc ij JKTC, Tnbcr Cgceutovn y Tnbcr Tnb cr Ichosijtovn.
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Ucxtn7 Unioeotjr ji Trcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej y ji Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji, Ucxtn7 jsohmjr kês rceursns cenmõkoens pjrj ins Hnfocrmns Inejics, enm um omerckcmtn bci ::% ji 64% pjrj ci prcsupucstn bci cgcreoeon 64:8.
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JHCMBJ BC IJ BCUECMRVJIOWJEOÕM
Uïtokn7 Vjtoejr ij snioeotub bc rcciceeoõm omkcbojtj pnr ÷moej vcz bc ins Uïtokn7 Vjtoejr Jiejibcs bci Tcr÷. Netjvn7 Ci B.U. M.´ 44?-6441-Qovocmbj ’Knboej ci rchijkcmtn bc Netjvn7 ioecmeojs bc `jfoiotjeoõm urfjmj y ioecmeojs bc cboejeoõm, cm ci euji eu ji cstjficec ci pjhn bc umj tjsj pnr enmecptn bc ioecmeoj quc enkprcmbc e nkprcmbc ij vcroejeoõm tïemoej y ij vcroejeoõm jbkomostrjtovj‛, cstj tjsj enkn tnpc kêxokn bc pjhn cs cquovjicmtc cquov jicmtc j umj (4:) SOR SO R, enmanrkc in cstjficec cs tjficec ij Icy M.´ 54654. Ij JKTC snioeotj ji Cgceutovn ij rcvosoõm y cvjiujeoõm bc boe`j mnrkj quc vocmc jacetjmbn ij cenmnkëj kumoeopji. Mnvcmn7 Unioeotjkns ci omerckcmtn bci ANMENKSM bc 6% j 5% bci Mnvcmn7 Unioeotjkns OHQ pjrj ins Hnfocrmns Inejics. Bïeokn7 Uc jeucrbj snioeotjr quc ij bostrofueoõm bci ANMENKSM bcfc Bïeokn7 Uc rcjiozjrsc tcmocmbn cm enmsobcrjeoõm ins ëmboecs bc pnfrczj, pnfr czj, pnfijeoõm rcji y cxtcmsoõm tcrrotnroji y mn bc jeucrbn j ij pnfijeoõm cicetnrji. Bïeokn Trokcrn7 Zuc Trokcrn7 Zuc ijs Kumoeopjiobjbcs Trnvomeojics y Bostrotjics scjm cxnmcrjbjs bci pjhn bci OHQ cm ij cgceueoõm bc nfrjs, enkprj bc focmcs y enmtrjtjeonmcs bc scrvoeons< yj quc ci Hnfocrmn Mjeonmji mn pucbc enfrjrsc j së koskn ci OHQ. Bïeokn Uchumbn7 Uchumbn7 Uc jprnfõ snioeotjr umj vcrbjbcrj bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm mjmeocrj y seji y su omkcbojtj tcmocmbn cm enmsobcrjeoõmy quc ij bcsecmtrjiozjeoõm seji okpickcmtjeoõm, cs ij trjmsacrcmeoj bc rcspnmsjfoiobjbcs enkpctcmeojs sejics rcijeonmjbjs enm ins omhrcsns y ins hjstns p÷fioens bci Hnfocrmn Mjeonmji j ins Hnfocrmns Inejics. Bïeokn Rcrecrn7 Uc Rcrecrn7 Uc jprnfõ snioeotjr ji Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej ckotor umj mnrkj snfrc ci somecrjkocmtn bc ij bcubj bc ij USMJR y CUUJISB, cxnmcrjmbn ins omtcrcscs, knrjs y kuitjs< socmbn cxohofic ÷moejkcmtc ci pjhn bci omsniutn bc ij bcubj kumoeopji. Bïeokn Eujrtn7 7 Eujrtn7 7 Uc jprnfõ snioeotjr ji Hnfocrmn Mjeonmji y ji Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej, ij trjmsacrcmeoj bc rceursns cenmõkoens j ins Hnfocrmns
Inejics pjrj cgceutjr prnycetns cm kjtcroj bc schurobjb eoubjbjmj y quc ij Borceeoõm Mjeonmji bc Rrêmsotn scj trjmsacrobj enm tnbjs sus aumeonmcs y enkpctcmeojs j ins Hnfocrmns Inejics.
JMCPNU
83
Bïeokn Zuomtn7 Ci Zuomtn7 Ci Enmhrcsn jprnfõ snioeotjr ji Enmhrcsn bc ij Vcp÷fioej ij bcrnhjtnroj bci Bcerctn Uuprckn M.´ 463-6448-TEK, cstjficeocmbn quc ij rckumcrjeoõm bci Jiejibc y ij boctj bc ins Vchobnrcs sc cstjficzejm bc jeucrbn j ij bospnmofoiobjb prcsupucstji y mjmeocrj bc ejbj kumoeopjiobjb. Bïeokn Ucxtn7 Uc Ucxtn7 Uc jenrbõ snioeotjr ji Hnfocrmn Mjeonmji ij trjmsacrcmeoj bc kjquomjrojs j ajvnr bc ins Hnfocrmns Inejics. Bïeokn Uïptokn7 Aicxofoiozjr Uïptokn7 Aicxofoiozjr ins trêkotcs pjrj jhoiozjr ij cgceueoõm bc ins prnycetns bc omvcrsoõm. Bïeokn Netjvn7 Ij Netjvn7 Ij JKTC prcscmtjrê um prnycetn bc mucvj Icy Nrhêmoej bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs y bc Rrofutjeoõm Kumoeopji cm vostj quc ij rcjiobjb sneoji, cenmõkoej y pniëtoej bci pjës `jm ejkfojbn, hcmcrjmbn mucvns rctns j ijs jutnrobjbcs inejics. Bïeokn Mnvcmn7 Zuc Mnvcmn7 Zuc ins rceursns prcvostns pjrj ci acmõkcmn bci Moún, quc cs bc U/ 504,444 koiinmcs bc snics in euji mn auc utoiozjbn ji :44%, snioeotjkns quc scjm enmsobcrjbns enm pronrobjb pronrobj b y jtcmeoõm omkcbojtj pjrj ij cgceueoõm bc ijs nfrjs bc prcvcmeoõm bc ins Hnfocrmns Inejics. Qohïsokn7 Ij Jsneojeoõm bc Kumoeopjiobjbcs bci Tcr÷ ― JKTC, jpnyj Qohïsokn7 Ij y sc enkprnkctc j trjfjgjr enm ins Hnfocrmns Hnfocrmn s Vchonmjics Vc honmjics y ci Hnfocrmn Mjeonmji, pnr ci bcsjrrniin omtchrji bc ins pucfins bci Tcr÷. Ijs prcscmtcs enmeiusonmcs scrêm rckotobjs ji Trcsobcmtc bc ij Vcp÷fioej, Trcsobcmeoj bci Enmhrcsn Mjeonmji, Trcsobcmtc bci Enmscgn bc Komostrns, Komostrns bc Cstjbn y Enkosonmcs bci Enmhrcsn.
Nsejr Fcmjvobcs Kjgomn
Jbjifcrtn Hujrboêm Vjkërcz
Trcsobcmtc bc ij JKTC
Hcrcmtc Hcmcrji bc ij JKTC
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