AFRIKAANS

Introduction We do not live in isolation, but through continuous interaction with our fellow human beings and life around us. English-speaking newcomers to South Africa are in a fortunate position in that they can use their mother tongue throughout South Africa and be understood. At times, however, they come across mainly Afrikaans-speaking communities and find themselves at a loss. Or many immigrant parents often realize that their children, who study Afrikaans at school, have an advantage over them in that they can express themselves effectively in the other official language, Afrikaans. For these people and for unilingual South Africans and foreigners we have compiled this course in communicating in Afrikaans. The language in this book reflects Afrikaans as used by the ordinary person in oral and written communication. We believe that language is meaning-based. The most immediate need is to be able to refer to a core of basics in the real world, that is, for instance, to be able to name things, states, events and attributes, using the words the speaker knows. The learner must also be able to link words together to express propositions - the building blocks of communication. The first task in learning to communicate is to create propositions. But we must go beyond child language where, for a child to make himself understood: "me hungry" - "ek honger" is sufficient. We must reach a standard adult syntax where "Please give me something to eat" - "Gee my asseblief iets om te eet" is much more acceptable. Furthermore, in studying a new language we must strive to create a feel for the correct word order, mood or register. This can easily be achieved if we approach language from a communicative angle and a natural style. In this conversational speech one becomes familiar with transactional skills, such as how to ask for directions, act in a post office, etc. Language is influenced by communicative goals and processes. The effects of this interaction between the speaker. the listener and the message influence the communication process, but we are fully aware of the fact that there are many other barriers to communication, such as physical and psychological barriers that arise

2

Introduction

Introduction

when the communicators have different values, ages, backgrounds, education, intelligence, interests, needs, occupations, etc. Our main concern in this book, however, lies in the removal of language barriers. If the speaker as well as the listener has a thorough understanding of a language, its structure and its idiom, and if there is proper feedback, language communication will be effective. This book is intended for the individual who wishes to study alone, but can also be used in a class-situation. Although the book aims at the adult beginner, it is written in such a way that it could assist every pupil to enhance his language communication by increasing his vocabulary and by acquiring language skills. The book is also aimed at the vast number of South Africans who possess only a working knowledge of Afrikaans and who feel that they would like, first, to master Afrikaans so as to communicate effectively both in speech and in writing; secondly, to read daily newspapers and magazines; and thirdly to appreciate literary works. Teach yourself Afrikaans, therefore, aims at providing a basic conversational vocabulary and language patterns closely related to everyday life. In this book the reader will be taught, inter alia, the acceptable way of introducing one another, of greeting one another and of conversing at social functions, together with the basics of grammar and idiom. Written communications, especially letter-writing, have not been neglected. The aim throughout has been to make two-way communication effective. The units of the course aim to provide the particular language skills required in a given situation. Appropriate dialogues accompany each unit. Units 1 and 2 for instance, deal with understanding and answering simple questions. You will learn to give information about yourself and other people. You will be able to introduce people and greet them formally and informally. The section on grammar will teach you the rudiments of simple structures. You will learn to talk about the present, the past and the future. In Unit 4 you will learn how to ask for, and to understand, directions. Unit 6 deals with matters pertaining to travel, from booking your seat to your arrival at a destination. Further units deal with housing, food, shopping, telecommuni-

3

cation, road safety, employment, health, sport, games, holidays and the South African scene - each in an appropriate setting. Initially instructions will be given in English. Afrikaans instructions will be introduced gradually.

Dialogues The dialogues form an important part of the book. They are examples of spoken Afrikaans in everyday situations. The vocabulary below each dialogue and the alphabetical vocabulary at the back of the book will enable you to understand the dialogues without difficulty. However, it will also be necessary to refer to a good bilingual dictionary from time to time. We suggest that you use the Reader's Digest Afrikaans-Engelse Woordeboek/ English-Afrikaans Dictionary, Cape Town: Reader's Digest Association South Africa (Pty) Ltd (1987).

Grammatical structures are not taught for their own sake, but are always provided for practical reasons.

Exercises Practical exercises fall into the following categories: True or false? This comprehension exercise is based on the content of the dialogue. You should read the statement, refer to the text if necessary and then state whether the statement is true or false. Try to refrain from guessing. You are often required to rewrite correctly the statements which are false. Answer in English These questions are generally in English and are based on a dialogue in Afrikaans. Answer in Afrikaans Open-ended questions are generally avoided so as to enable you

Introduction to correct your answers. The correct answers can be found at the back of the book in a key to the exercises. This type of question checks your understanding of Afrikaans. Your ability to answer briefly and to the point is checked at the same time. New language functions are normally practised in these questions. For this type of question you are required to link responses to cues. Select the correct answer This type of comprehension exercise is also based on dialogue. It is a multiple choice exercise. Comprehension This is a reading and comprehension exercise. The material for these exercises is taken from documents, advertisements, announcements, lists of films and shows, exhibitions, books, news so-called realia - or from narrative passages. This section will also teach you something about the geography, history, culture and people of South Africa. The questions are meant to test your comprehension and to give you clues to meaning. Fill in the missing word This exercise is also a comprehension exercise. You are expected to select the missing word from a given list. This exercise teaches you to distinguish between nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, etc.

Use of the book Although Teach yourself Afrikaans is intended to be self-tuitional, it could also be used successfully in conversational courses for beginners at schools, colleges and other institutions where language is taught. Those who wish to improve their Afrikaans could also benefit by studying this book.

Study procedure 1 First read the introduction to each unit as it states the purpose of the lesson. 2 Read the dialogue and try to understand the subject matter of

3

4 5 6 7

5

the conversation and try to attain an overall idea of the situation. Then try to work out the details from the vocabulary list and expressions given. Do spend time in trying to make sense of the conversation and in learning new vocabulary and structures systematically. Application: Try to transfer the language you have learned in a certain type of situation to other similar situations. Practise daily. Refer to the sections on grammar to understand the meaning of main grammatical structures such as the formation of plurals, diminutives, tenses, etc. Reread the conversation until you are satisfied that it is quite clear. Turn to the exercises and try to answer the questions, which test your understanding of the dialogue. Compare your answers with the answers given at the end of the book. Correct your mistakes.

Afrikaans - the language Afrikaans, the youngest Germanic language, stems from seventeenth-century Dutch - from which it developed spontaneously for three centuries on the African continent. It is now an independent language which has severed its main ties with Dutch, while still retaining its Germanic character. As such it is a language cousin of English. The family relationship accounts for many resemblances to English - as you will see when comparing vocabulary, grammar and idiom. Let us, for instance, look at the following simple sentence in which the resemblance is obvious: My pen is in my hand. This sentence could be either English or Afrikaans. The same words (admittedly with a difference in pronunciation) are arranged in exactly the same way in both languages to form a sentence. You will also note a simplification of grammar compared to German, for instance, in that there are no declensions and inflections in this sentence. From the point of view of grammar, Afrikaans is considered to

6 Introduction be a very easy language. For instance, once you have learnt a verb you can use that form for all persons, singular and plural. Example My seun is in die park. (My son is in the park.) My seuns is in die park. (My sons are in the park.) Mm. Brown drink koffie. (Mr Brown drinks coffee.) Mm. en mev. Brown drink koffie. (Mr and Mrs Brown drink coffee.)

Pronunciation ~

Q,l

Afrikaans is a phonetic language. Words are generally pronounced as they are spelled and there are no silent letters in Afrikaans. This pronunciation guide was developed by Reader's Digest South Africa for their English/Afrikaans bilingual dictionary in order to help English-speaking users pronounce Afrikaans words. In selecting it in order to help our readers, we recommend that you use the Reader's Digest English/Afrikaans Dictionary as your main source of reference for the meaning and pronunciation of Afrikaans words. Letters which do not appear in this key are pronounced the same in Afrikaans as in English (e.g. b, h, I, m, n, p and t). Letters underlined have a longer sound than the same letters not underlined. A line above a letter or letters indicates that the sound is shorter than that of the same letter or letters without such a line. The stress mark (') appears after the syllable which carries the main accent. This is not intended to be a guide to completely correct pronunciation; it is merely an approximation using the sounds of English words. For instance, we have left the spelling on- (as in onbeskadig - undamaged) as 'on' in the pronunciation but this syllable is often pronounced as 'om' in some words and as a nasalised 'au' (as in cause) in others. To indicate all the variant pronunciations would be too confusing.

..:..r::

c ....• .•..oeo: ....• C.J

'c

c ='

o r. ~

;:3

~ ·5

..r:: u 0Il~

~ ~;:3 :!!:! :~ ~ ;:3 ;:3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

--

:>

..r:: OIl

Symbol

Afrikaans

English sound

Sample Afrikaans word

i i ii k

ie u ie uluu clch

like like like like like

kan

kn

like c in cat followed by n in no with rapidly spoken a sound in between like ng in sing like 0 in fort, but shorter like oa in coat like 00 in loot like 00 in loot but shorter

siek (sik) u (form of address - i) dier (dir) dum (diir) chloor (kloowr) Calvinis (kulfinas') knoop (kanoowp')

1

ng

nk

0

0

oa 00

ou oe oloe

oo'e oow

0100

00

ow oy R r s sh

oi.\!oee a(a)u 0

r r c ch/sj

i in sick i in sick but with lips pouted ee in breed ee in breed but with lips pouted k in kitten

like oe in doer like 00 in loot but followed by a rapidly spoken w with lips pouted like ow in cow like oy in boy strongly rolled - almost Scots like r in very (lightly rolled) like s in size like sh in shot

bank (bungk) oggend (o'chant) bout (boat) voer (foor) euforie (ewfoori'), voet (foot) vermoe (farmoo'e) bode (boow'da) soom (soowm) gemia( a)u (chamiow') potjie (poy'ki) rond (Ront) duiker (d~'kar) celsius (sel'si~s) China (Shi'nu)

Symbol

Afrikaans

English sound

Sample Afrikaans word

sh tch t u !! !!fu'!!'a

g tj d a aaor a ae

genre (shun'ra) tjank (tchungk) bed (bet) kap (kup) daad (d!!t) dae (d!!'a)

v w woi

w w ooi

wooey

oei

y y

j

like shin shot but voiced like ch in chunk like t in tart like u in cup like u in cup but longer like ah like u in dust but longer like ah, followed by article 'a' like v in visit like w in swoop like oi in oil but preceded by a rapidly spoken w like ooey in phooey but preceded by a rapidly spoken w like y in you like y in why

aa/aai

© 1987 Reader's

water (v!!'tar) swem (swem) sooi (swoi) koei (kwooey) jammer (yu'mar) paai (py)

Digest Association South Africa (Pty) Limited. Used with permission.

Hy verstaan ook 'n bietjie Afrikaans. Waarvandaan kom hy? Van Zimbabwe af.

He also understands a little Afrikaans. Where is he from? From Zimbabwe.

In die kantoor In this unit you will learn how to greet people answer a few questions.

and to ask and

Hoe gaan dit? Mr Brits is the manager of Protea Engineering. His employees want to learn to speak Afrikaans. Rita is his secretary. Brits Rita Brits Rita Brits Rita Brits Rita Brits Rita

Goeiemore, Rita! Hoe gaan dit? (Hoe gaan dit met jou?) Goed, dankie. Hoe gaan dit met u? Uitstekend. 'n Koppie tee? Nee dankie. Wanneer kom Peter Smith? Tien UUf. Is hy Engels? Ja, hy praat Engels. Hy verstaan ook 'n bietjie Afrikaans. Waarvandaan kom hy? Van Zimbabwe af.

In die kantoor Goeiemore! Hoe gaan dit? (Hoe gaan dit met jou?) Goed, dankie. Hoe gaan dit met u? Uitstekend. 'n Koppie tee? Needankie. Wanneer kom ... ? Tienuur. Is hy Engels? Ja. Hy praat Engels.

In the office Good morning! How are you? (Informal) I am well, thank you. How are you? (Formal) Very well. A cup of tea? No thanks. When is. . . coming? Ten o'clock. Is he English? Yes. He speaks English.

Greeting Goeiemore, Meneer. Hoe gaan dit? Goeiemiddag, Mevrou. Hoe gaan dit met u? Goeienaand, JutTrou. Hoe gaan dit met jou? Goeienag!

Good evening, Miss .. Good night!

Titles MeneerSmit Mevrou Smit MejutTrou/JutTrou

Smit

English abbreviation

Afrikaans abbreviation

MrSmit MrsSmit MissSmit

Mnr. Smit Mev. Smit Mej. Smit

Wat is u naam? Brits Sheila Brits Dave Brits Dave Brits Jones Brits Jones

Wat is u naam? Ek is Sheila MacDonald. En u naam? Ek is Dave Miller. Wie is die dame? Sy is my vrou, Mary. Kom sit. Waar is dr. Jones? Hier is ek. Is Jack Williams hier? Ja, daar is hy.

Brits Williams Brits

Kom u van Engeland af, mnc. Williams? Nee, van Skotland af. Welkom, dames en here.

Wat is u naam? Ekis ... en Wie is die dame? Sy is my vrou. Kom sit asseblief. Waar is dr. Jones? Hierisek. Daarishy. Kom u van Engeland af? Nee, van Skotland af. Welkom, dames en here.

What is your name? lam ... and Who is the lady? She is my wife. Please sit down. Where is Dr Jones? Here lam. There he is. Are you from England? No, I am from Scotland. Welcome, ladies and gentlemen.

Brits Davids Brits Davids Brits

Wat is dit hierdie? Dis die deur. Wat is dit daardie? Dis'n mum. U leer vinnig.

Wat is dit? Dit is 'n tafe!. Dis 'n stoe!. Wat is dit hierdie? diedeur Wat is dit daardie? 'nmuur V leer vinnig.

What is this? It is a table. It's a chair. What is this here? the door What is that over there? a wall You are learning fast.

Waar is .. Cook Smith Cook Smith Cook Smith Cook

Goeienaand! Waar is die poskantoor? In Hoofweg. Waar is die stasie? Langs die poskantoor. Waar is die bank? Agter die stasie.

Waaris ... ? die poskantoor in Hoofweg die stasie langs die bank agter

A telephone conversation Rita Smith

Where is ... ? the post office in Main Road the station next to the bank behind

Wat is dit in Afrikaans? Brits Davids Brits Davids

Wat is dit? Dit is 'n tafe!. En dit? Dit is 'n stoel.

Rita Smith Rita Smith Rita

Protea. Goeiemore. Kan ek help? Goeiemore. Peter Smith hier. Hoe laat begin die Afrikaanse klas, Mevrou? Vyfuur. Net na werk. Waar? In die raadskamer. Kom jy vanmiddag? Ja. Wie gaan ons leer? Julie gaan nou na mnc. Visser se klas.

Kanek help? Hoe laat begin die Afrikaanse klas? vyf-uur Netna werk. In die raadskamer. Komjy vanmiddag? Wie gaan ODS leer? Julie gaan na mnr. Visser se klas. noD

Can I help? What time does the Afrikaans class start? five o'clock Just after work. In the boardroom. Are you coming this afternoon? Who will teach us? You are going to Mr Visser's class. now

1 There are two forms each for you (singular) and you (plural) in Afrikaans: (i) The intimate or informal jy (sing.) is used when you speak to an acquaintance, a relative, friend, child or peer. The plural isjulle. (ii) The formal u (sing. and plural) is used when you address a senior, your employer, a complete stranger, a distinguished person, or anyone to whom you wish to show respect. 2 The form of the verb is the same for all persons. ek (I) jy, u (you) by (he) sy (she) ODS (we) juDe, u (you) bulle (they)

Mnr. Brits se sekretaresse. Mnr. Visser se klas.

wat? hoe? wanoeer? wie? waar? waarvandaan?

EXERCISE

1

1 Reg ofverkeerd? (True or false?) The following statements concern the dialogues above. whether each is true or false. Rewrite those that are false. (a) Peter Smith praat en verstaan'n bietjie Afrikaans. (b) Rita is mnr. Brits se vrou. (c) Die Afrikaanse klas begin na werk. (d) Peter kom van Skotland af. (e) Mnr. Williams kom van Skotland af. 2

Mr Brits's secretary. Mr Visser's class.

what? how? when? who? where? from where?

Vrae (Questions) (a) Wie is mnr. Brits se sekretaresse? (b) Hoe laat begin die Afrikaanse klas? (c) Wat is mej. MacDonald se naam? (d) Waarvandaan kom mnr. Williams? (e) Waar is mnr. Visser se klas?

4 There are two forms for enquiring after someone's health. Informal or intimate: Hoe gaan dit metjou? Formal: Hoe gaan dit met u? (Literally: how goes it with you?) Note that the informal jy has changed to jou after the preposition met (with). (More about this at a later stage.) This expression is often shortened to: Hoe gaan dit? 5 The definite article the is die. The indefinite article a is 'D. Note that '0 is always a small letter preceded by an apostrophe.

Begrip Read the conversation, then answer the questions. This is an exercise on comprehension. (a) Can Smith and Jones speak and understand a little Afrikaans? (b) Who greets and welcomes everybody? (c) Is Miss MacDonald present? (d) Who turned up last?

16

In the office

Mnr. Visser Smith

Jones Visser Smith

Visser Smith

Visser

Goeiemiddag, dames en here. Baie welkom hier. Wie praat Afrikaans? Ek praat en verstaan 'n bietjie Afrikaans. Ekook. Waar is ons nou? In die raadskamer. Waar is mej. MacDonald? Sy is in die kantoor. Hier kom mnr. en mev. Miller. Kom sit.

2

Laat ek u voorstel

In this unit you will learn how to introduce people and to provide personal details .. Numbers: nam~s of days, months and public holidays will be given to assist you In general conversatIOns.

Geniet u die les? Sheila Peter

Sheila

Brits Peter

Sheila

Brits Almal

Brits

Laat ek u voorstel mej. MacDonald ... Peter Smith. Aangename kennis. Bly te kenne ... Kom u ook na die beginnersklas? la, ek begin vandag. U kollegas is reeds in die klas. Kom asseblief saam met my. Mag ek jou Sheila noem? la, seker. Geniet u die les? la, ons leer elke dag meer Afrikaans. U is goeie studente.

Geniet u die les? Laat ek u voorstel. Aangename kennis. Bly te kenne. Kom u ook na die beginnersklas? vandag U kollegas is reeds in die klas Kom asseblief saam met my. Mag ek jou Sheila noem? (jou informal object form) Ja, seker. Ons leer elke dag meer. U is goeie studente.

Are you enjoying the lesson? Let me introduce you. How do you do? Pleased to meet you. Are you also attending the class for beginners? today Your colleagues are in the class already Please come with me. May I call you Sheila? Yes, certainly. We are learning more every day. You are good students.

In die klas

Dae

Peter Sheila

In wie se kantoor werk jy? Ek is mnr. Brown se tikster. Waar werk jy? Ek is 'n rekenmeester by die firma.

KOill

ons gaan drink koffie

Peter Sheila: Peter Sheila Peter Sheila Peter Sheila Peter Sheila Peter

Sheila, wat drink jy, koffie of tee? Koffie, dankie. Melk en suiker? Nee dankie, ek drink my koffie swart en bitter. Wat doen jy moreaand? Niks. Wat van bioskoop toe gaan? Dis naweek. Graag, dit sallekker wees. Wat is jou adres? Ek woon in Brooklyn, Kerkstraat 10. Ek sien jou sewe-uur.

In wie se kantoor werkjy? tikster rekenmeester by die firma Kom ons gaan drink kome. melk en suiker swart en bitter Wat doenjy moreaand? Niks Disnaweek. Wat van bioskoop toe gaan? Graag, dit sallekker wees. Wat isjou adres? Ek woon in Kerkstraat. Ek sienjou sewe uur.

In whose office do you work? typist accountant at the company Let's go and have some coffee. milk and sugar black and bitter What are you doing tomorrow evening? Nothing It's week-end. What about going to the cinema? I'd love to - it would be nice. What is your address? I live in Church Street. I'll see you at seven.

Vandagis . Maandag Dinsdag Woensdag Donderdag Vrydag Saterdag Sondag Gister was dit Woensdag. More sal dit Vrydag wees.

een twee drie vier vyf ses

(1)

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

S{'we

ag

(8)

nege tien elf twaalf

(9) (10) (11) (12)

Januarie Februarie Maart April Mei Junie Julie Augustus September Oktober November Desember

Today is. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Yesterday was Wednesday. Tomorrow will be Friday.

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Wat is die datum vandag? /Die hoeveelste is dit vandag? Dis die eerste Januarie (first) tweede Februarie (second) derde Maart (third) vierde April- (fourth) vyfde Mei (fifth) sesde Junie (sixth) sewende Julie (seventh) agste Augustus (eighth) negende September (ninth) tiende Oktober (tenth) elfde November (eleventh) twaalfde Desember (twelfth)

Unit Two dae/dag vandag gister maand more Wat is die datum vandag?/ Die hoeveelste is dit vandag?

days/day today yesterday month tomorrow What is the date today?

The following public holidays are observed in South Africa (note the abbreviations of the months): llan. 6Apr. Apr. Apr. 1 Mei Mei 31 Mei 10 Okt. 16 Des. 25 Des. 26 Des.

New Year's Day Founders' Day Good Friday Family Day Workers' Day Ascension Day Republic Day Kruger Day Day of the Vow Christmas Day Day of Goodwill

Note that public holidays are under revision and might be changed.

Meer getalle 13 dertien 14 veertien 15 vyftien 16 sestien 17 sewentien 18 agtien 19 negentien 20 twintig 21 een en twintig 22 twee en twintig

13th 14th 15th 16th 20th 21st 60th

Note that numbers, such as twenty-one are joined by en, e.g. een en twintig, which may also be written een-en-twintig.

Open bare vakansiedae

Nuwe j aarsdag Stigtingsdag Goeie Vrydag Gesinsdag Werkersdag Hemelvaartdag Republiekdag Krugerdag Geloftedag Kersfees Welwillendheidsdag

die dertiende die veertiende die vyftiende die sestiendc die twintigste die een en twintigste die sestigste

21

30 dertig 31 een en dertig 40 veertig 50 vyftig 60 sestig 70 sewentig 80 tagtig 90 negentig 99 nege en negentig l00honderd

Praat oor uself Rita Joyce Rita Joyce Rita Joyce Rita Joyce Rita Joyce Rita Joyce Rita Joyce Rita Joyce Rita Joyce Rita Joyce

U voorname, Mevrou? Joyce Ann. Uvan? Walker. U ouderdom? Een en dertig. Is u getroud, geskei of 'n weduwee? Ek is getroud. Wat is u man se voorletters? L.M. Wat is sy beroep? Hy is'n prokureur. Hoeveel kinders het u? Drie. Hoe oud is hulle? Twee, vier en vyf. Waarwoon u? My adres is Hoofweg 34, Pretoria-Noord. Wat is u kwalifikasies? Ek het 'n diploma in handel/handelsdiploma.

Praat oor uself voorname uvan ouderdom getroud geskei

Speak about yourself first names your surname age married divorced

'nweduwee man voorletters beroep prokureur Waarwoon u? Hoeveel kinders het u? Hoe oud is hulle? adres, Pretoria-Noord kwalifikasies diploma in handel (handelsdiploma)

a widow husband initials occupation lawyer Where do you live? How many children have you got? How old are they? address, Pretoria North qualifications diploma in commerce (commercial diploma)

1 Jou is the object form of jy. Example: "Laat ek jou voorstel." Let me introduce you. Instead of "Laat ek u voorstel" you could use the following: "Laat ek u bekendstel/Ontmoet ... " (formal) or "Laat ek jou/julle bekendstel" (informal) 2 Instead of reeds (already) you can use a/ or a/reeds. EXERCISE

2

1 Reg of verkeerd? True or false? If false write down the correct answer. (a) Mevrou Walker is geskei. (b) Meneer Walker is 'n rekenmeester. (c) Hulle het drie kinders. (d) Sheila MacDonald werk in mnr. Brits se kantoor. (e) Sheila en Peter gaan die naweek bioskoop toe. 2

Vrae (a) (b) (c) (d) (c)

Wat is Sheila se beroep? Wat doen Sheila moreaand? Waar woon mev. Walker? Wat is mnr. Walker se beroep? Hoeveel kinders het die Walkers?

Begrip Answer the following questions after reading the conversation below? (a) What is the normal polite Afrikaans phrase you would use when introduced to a person? (b) How would you ask Piet in Afrikaans to pass you the sugar?

Henk Piet Henk Piet Henk Piet Henk

Goeiemore Henk. Ontmoet Piet Swart. Piet, dis nou Henkde Wet. Aangename kennis. Bly te kenne. Kom ons gaan drink koffie in my kantoor. Baie dankie. Piet, gee my asseblief die melk aan. Suiker? Nee dankie, ek drink my koffie bitter.

3

Hoe groot isjou gesin?

In this unit you will meet the nuclear family circle and learn to talk about daily activities.

Die gesin Jan Piet Jan Piet Jan Piet Jan Piet Jan Piet Jan Piet Jan Piet Jan Piet

Hoe groot is jou gesin? Ons het twee seuns en twee dogters. Hoeveel is al op skool? Die twee seuns. Die dogters is in die kleuterskool. Werk jou vrou? Nee, sy doen baie naaldwerk tuis en is baie besig. Hou jy nog van tuinmaak? la, maar ek het min tyd. My pa help soms in die tuin. Woon jou ouers by julle? la, net tydelik. Hulle verhuis aanstaande maand na Kaapstad. Waarom? My ma wil by die kus wees. Is jou broer al getroud? Nee, Koos is nog ongetroud. Sy verloofde woon in Durban. Woon jou suster ook in Durban? la, sy is baie liefvir Natal.

Boe groot isjou gesin? Diegesin seuns en dogters hoeveel? opskool in die k1euterskool jou vrou naaldwerk tuis

How big is your family? The family sons and daughters how many? at school at nursery school your wife sewing at home

beSig inmaak? Bou jy DOg van to • maar mintyd My pa help SOlOS in die toin. ouers byjuUe net tydelik verhuis aanstaande maand naKaapstad Waarom? My ma wil by die kus wees. Is jou broer getroud? By is nog ongetroud. sy verloofde joususter Sy is baie lief vir Natal.

busy Are you still fond of gardening? but little time My father sometimes helps in the garden. parents with you only temporarily are moving next month to Cape Town Why? My mother wants to be at the coast. Is your brother married? He is still single (unmarried). his fiancee your sister She loves Natal very much.

Om die tafel Ma

Pa Danie Pa

Sannie Ma

Sannie Ma Sannie Ma Sannie Ma

Danie Ma Pa

Kom eel. Maak gou. Ma het klaar opgeskep. Ek kom nou-nou. Kom dadelik, die kos word koud. Ek wil nie eet nie. Wat? Wie het vir jou lekkers gegee? Niemand nie, ek is nie honger nie, net dors. Is jy siek? My maag is seer. la, jou kop voel warm. ly het koors. Kom drink hierdie medisyne. Nee, Ma, ek is klaar gesond. Kom drink. Die medisyne is sleg, ne? Pa, kan ek vir jou nog 'n bietjie skep? Nee, dankie. Ek het genoeg gehad.

Omdietafel Komeet. Maakgou. Ma bet klaar opgeskep. nou-nou Kom dadelik. Die kos word koud. Ek wil nie eet Die. Wie bet vir jou lekkers gegee? Niemandnie Ek is nie bonger Die, net dors. Isjy siek? My mug is seer. Jou kop voel warm. Jy bet koors. medisyne Ek is klaar gesond. sleg

ne

nog 'n bietjie genoeg

At the table Come and eat. Hurry up. Mom has already dished up the food. soon Come immediately. The food is getting cold. I don't want to eat. Who has given you sweets? Nobody I am not hungry, only thirsty. Are you sick? I have a stomach ache. Your forehead feels warm. You have afever. medicine I am already well bad isn't that so? a little more enough

Ons gaan kuier Pa Ma Pa Ma Hettie Danie Hettie Dirk

Sannie Hettie Ma

Ons gaan by ons familie op die plaas kuier. Wanneer? Gedurende die skoolvakansie, vir twee weke. Dit sal heerlik wees want ek is moeg. Ek gaan baie rus. Ek gaan perdry. Jy is te klein. Ek kan op oom Paul se ponie ry. Ek gaan visvang. Ek gaan in die dam swem en saans eiers uithaal vir tant Dora. Gaan Ouma en Oupa saam plaas toe? Nee, hulle bly tuis.

Ons gaan by ons familie op die plaas kuier. Gedurende die skoolvakansie. vir twee weke Oit sal heerlik wees. want ek is moeg en gaan baie rus.

te klein ponie visvang in die dam swem Ek gaan saans eiers uithaal tantDora. ouma oupa bly tuis

-

fish vir

swim in the dam In the evening I am going to collect eggsfor Aunt Dora. granny granddad stay at home

the nuclear family the extended family

gesin familie

10

We are going to visit our relatives on the farm. During the school holidays. for two weeks (a fortnight) That will be great. because I am tired and am going to rest a lot. I'm going to do some horseriding. too small pony

10

op - on by - with, at na to (direction) vir to 3 To form the negative, place nie (not) directly after the verb. Positive Ek praat. Negative Ek praat nie.

28

How big is your family?

Note the use of the double negative in Afrikaans. When the sentence has an object, nie is used twice to express negation. Positive Ek praat Afrikaans. Negative Ek praat nie Afrikaans

EXERCISE 3

Read the dialogues above and answer the questions. Vrae

nie.

Hoeveel kinders het Piet? Wie is op skool? Waar is die twee dogters? Wat doen Piet se vrou? Wie help tuinmaak? (f) Waarheen verhuis Piet se ouers? (g) Waarom verhuis hulle na Kaapstad? (h) Waar woon Koos se verloofde? (a) (b) (e) (d) (e)

The first nie follows the verb. The last nie is at the end of the sentence. The double negative is also used as follows: Ek gaan Dieeet nie. I am not going to eat. Ek is nie honger Die. I am not hungry. Ek is nie moeg nie. I am not tired. 4 The use of wees (to be): Ek wil by die huis wees. (I want to be at home.) Jy sal more gesond wees. (You'll be well tomorrow.) 5 The past tense is normally formed by using het (has, have) plus the past participle of the verb, which generally starts with the prefix ge-. Examples

doen:hetgedoen Hy het sy werk gedoen. (He has done/did his work.) Sy het Afrikaans gepraat. (She spoke/has spoken Afrikaans.) Ons het ons kos geeet. (We ate/have eaten our food.) Note the diaeresis in the spelling of geeet. It is used to indicate that ge- is pronounced separately ge-eet. You will have noticed that in Afrikaans the same form is used for both Past Tense and Present Perfect. E.g. Sy het Afrikaans gepraat - spoke/has spoken. If a verb starts with the prefix ver- e.g. verhuis, no ge- is added in the past tense. Hulle het na Durban verhuis. Remember the past tense of is, namely was. Example: Present Ek is siek. Past Ek was siek. 6

Idiomatic expressions Ekhou van ... Waarvan hou jy?

Ilike ... What do you like?

2

Read the dialogue "Ons gaan kuier" in this unit and negate the following statements: e.g. Ek gaan plaas toe. Ek gaan nie plaas toe nie. (a) Hettie het gaan perdry. (b) Dirk gaan visvang. (e)

Sannie swem.

(d) Sy gaan eiers uithaal. (e) Ma is moeg.

3 State that the action took place in the past: e.g. Sannie drink die medisyne. Sannie het die medisyne gedrink. (a) (b) (e) (d) (e)

Jyissiek. Hettie ry op die ponie. Dirk vang 'n vis. Sannie swem. Ouma en Oupa verhuis.

Begrip Read the passage below and answer the questions. (a) Waar het die gesin Swart gaan kuier? (b) Wat het die kinders gedoen? (c) Waarom het die ouers baie gems? Die gesm . Swart het op oom Paul en tant Dora se plaas gaan

30 How big is your family? kuier. Dirk het elke dag twee visse gevang en Hettie het perdgery. Hettie het een aand twaalf eiers vir tant Dora gebring en Sannie het baie geswem. Oupa en Ouma het nie saamgegaan nie. Mnr. en mev. Swart het baie gems want hulle was moeg.

Hoe kom ek by . . . ? In this unit you will learn to indicate directions and answer short questions during a job interview.

In die straat

fom Verbyganger

Verskoon my asseblief. Ek het verdwaal. Waar is die firma Protea? Nie ver hiervandaan nie. Stap reguit aan. Draai regs by die derde straat. Die gebou is op die hoek van Boom- en Loopstraat. Baie dankie, Meneer. Dis 'n plesier.

~

Hoe kom ek by ... ? In die straat Verskoon my asseblief. Ek het verdwaal. verbyganger Nie ver hiervandaan nie. Stap reguit aan. Draai regs by gebou opdie hoek Dis'n plesier. links

Regs

J Links

How do I get to ... ? In the street Please excuse me. I have lost my way. passer-by Notfar from here. Walk straight along. Turn right at building at the corner It's a pleasure. left

la, ons verlofvoordele is goed, 'n maand per jaar. Ons

In die gebou

gee ook 'n bonustjek en beskik oar 'n goeie mediese skema,

Sekuriteitsbeampte Tom Sekuriteitsbeampte

Waar is die bestuurder se kantoor, asseblief? Het u 'n afspraak? Ja. Mnr. Brits is op die eerste verdieping. Gebruik die hyser. Sy kantoornommer is 22, aan die linkerkant. Teken asseblief die besoekersboek. Ek stap sommer met die trap op.

In die gebou bestuurder sekuriteitsbeampte afspraak op die eerste verdieping gebruik die hyser sy kantoornommer aan die Iinkerkant (links) teken besoekersboek ek stap sommer met die trap op

In the building manager security officer appointment on the first floor use the lift his office number on the left sign visitors' register I'l/ (just) walk up. with the stairs

Die onderhoud Brits Tom Brits Tom Brits Tom Brits Tom

Goeiemiddag, mnr. Black. Sit gerus. Dankie. Het u met u motor gekom? Nee, ek het van die hotel af gestapo Ek sien u het aan die universiteit Rhodes gestudeer en het'n honneursgraad in rekenaarwetenskap. Dis reg. Het u enige vrae? Ja, ek wil graag 'n paar dinge weet. Die advertensie het nie verlofvoordele en'n mediese skema genoem nie.

Tom Brits

Tom Brits

Oit klink goed. Is u dadelik beskikbaar? la, ek kan enige tyd begin. Gaaf. Ons stel u binnekart in kennis.

onderhoud sit gerus motor hotel sien aan die universiteit gestudeer honneursgraad rekenaarwetenskap dis reg enige vrae ek wi! graag 'n paar dinge weet

I

advertensie verlofvoordele mediese skema perjaar het nie genoem nie bonustjek Oit klink goed. Is u dadelik beskikbaar? ja, enige tyd gaaf Ons stel u binnekort in kennis.

inferview please sif down car hotel see studied af the universify honours degree computer science that's correct any questions I should like to know a few things. advertisement leave benefits medical scheme per year did not mention bonus cheque That sounds good. Are you available immediately? yes, any time fine We'l/let you know soon.

In die stad Tom neem 'n taxi/huurmotor na die middestad. Tom Na die middestad, asseblief. Watter gebou is dit daardie? Taxibestuurder Dis die museum.

Tom Taxibestuurder Tom

En daardie een aan die regterkant? Dis die kunsgalery. Is dit die toeristeburo? Tot hier, asseblief. Hoeveel moet ek betaal? Ses rand en vyftig sent (R6.50).

in die stad taxi/huunnotor middestad watter daardie een museum aan die regterkant kunsgalery toeristeburo hoeveel moet ek betaal? ses rand en vyftig sent

in the city taxi city centre which that one museum on the right-hand side art gallery tourist bureau how much must I pay? six rand and fifty cents

Hoe ver is dit te voet na die dieretuin? Omtrent 'n uur se stap. Waarom ry u nie bus nie? Waar is die naaste bushalte? Baie naby. 'n Blok hiervandaan. Waar is die universiteit? Aan die ander kant van die stad. Ken u die stad? Sleg.

hoever te voet na die dieretuin omtrent 'n uur se stap Waarom ry u Die bus nie? naaste bushalte naby 'n blok hiervandaan aan die ander kant van ken sleg

1 Past Tense: Note the absence of ge- in the past participle if the verb starts with ver-: Ek het verdwaal. 2 Use goeie before a noun: "Mm. Brits is 'n goeie man." Use goed after the verb: "Die verlofvoordele is goed." 3 Distinguish between weet en ken. Ek weet nie. I do not know. Ek ken die man. I know the man. 4 1 On which floor is each of the following persons and what is the room number? Op watter verdieping is elkeen van die volgende persone en wat is die kamernommer? (Roman numerals indicate the floor; ordinary numerals the room number.)

EXERCISE

Example: Mm. Anderson is op die tiende verdieping, kamer vyf en twintig (X 25).

In die toeristeburo Tom Beampte Tom Beampte Tom Beampte Tom

Notes

how far on foot to the zoo about an hour's walk Why don't you go by bus? nearest bus stop nearby, close a block from here on the other side of know badly

(a) Mm. Swart (b) Mev. Brink

IV 3 I 22 (c) Mm. Brown V 30 (d) Mej. MacDonald IX 26 (e) Mm. Smith VIII 44

2 Opposites: (a) Die dieretuin is nie ver nie, dis ... (b) Die stasie is nie aan die regterkant van die straat nie, dis (c) Die gebou is nie klein nie, dis ... (d) Draai regs, nie ... nie. (e)

Hy ken die stad sleg, nie ...

3 Hoeveel moet ek betaal? (a) Rl1,75 (b) R22,80 (c) RlOO (d) R88,44 (e) R50,30

nie.

Begrip Kyk na die kaart van Kaapstad en lees die gesprek hieronder. Beantwoord dan die vrae wat gestel word. Look at the map of Cape Town and answer the following questions. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Waar is die Parlementsgebou? Is die Kasteel naby die stasie? In watter straat is die standbeeld van Jan van Riebeeck? Wat is die naam van die operahuis in Kaapstad? Waar is die Tuine van Kaapstad?

Toeris Verbyganger

Parlementsgebou Kasteel standbeeld watter? operahuis Tuine verby kerk

Verskoon my asseblief. Hoe kom ek by die stasie? U is nou by die standbeeld van Jan van Riebeeck hier in Adderleystraat. Stap reguit aan. U sal die stasie aan die linkerkant sien. Waar is die Parlementsgebou? Stap reguit aan, verby die kerk. Die Parlementsgebou is aan u linkerkant naby die Botaniese Tuine. Houses of Parliament Castle statue which? opera house Gardens past church

~ ;:2

!io

Ul« "'f-<

zfC

~~ f-