Aeration and Agitation 2

CHAPTER 9: AGITATION AND AERATION ; ADDITIONAL PROBLEM http://www.chem.mtu.edu/~drshonna/cm4710f07/lectures/chapter10.pdf  A 10,000 liter (of liqi!" #iore$%tor %o&t$i&' )*L of )ro+i&) %ell',  O-  . -0 //ol O - * () %ell'r",DT . - /, Di . 1 /, (2 3 #l$!e tr#i&e $)it$tor $)it$tor"" 4 5 #l$!e' 6or 1 liqi! liqi! 7ol/e 8er  /i&te $er$tio& r$te ($ir", %$& te OTR(o4)e& tr$&'fer r$te" . OR(o4)e& 8t$e r$te" for N . 100 r8/<

GI=EN: =L.10,000L O- . -0 //ol O- * () %ell'r" DT . - / Di . 1 / (2 3 #l$!e tr#i&e $)it$tor" 4 5 #l$!e'  N . 100 r8/

RE>D: I' OTR . OR<

?OL>N: Re . Re&ol!@' N/#er. L NDi- * L L. 1000 )*/5 L .1035 N'*/Re . (1000 )*/5"(100*20r8'"(1/"-(1N*)/*'-" * 1035 N'*/Re . 1241032 N8 . (fro/ Bl$&% $&! Cl$r P/o Correl$tio&" P/o .  (L N5Di" for 1 i/8eller  P/o . (1000 )*/5" (100*20r8'"5(1/" P/o . 1F-410)/-'-*' (+$tt'" 4 5(i/8eller'" P/o . 2-410 +$tt' . P P/: NA ($er$tio& &o" . $ * NDi5  NA . (10,000L8/"(1035/5*L" * (100/i&31"(1/"5

 NA . 010 P/*P/o . 0-(fro/ Bl$&% $&! Cl$r NA Correl$tio&" P/ . (0-"(2-410 $tt'" P/ . -55410 $tt' . 515P  L$ (//ol O- * ( r$t/" . 020(P/*=L(P*105 liter'""0 (='"0 (N,r8/"0 P/*=L .515P*(10"(105liter'" . 515P*105liter'

π 

5

=' .10 L8/(10  %/5*L"*

4

(-/"-(10%/*/"- . 51F5 %/*/i&  L$ . 020(515"0 (51F5"0 (-00"0  L$ . 129 (//ol O- * (r $t/"

OR .  qO- . () %ell'* L"(-0 //ol O -*) %ell'r" OUR = 100 mmol O 2/L.hr

OTR .  L$(PO- 3 P" P  for CL . 1 /) O-*liter . HO- CL . (0-1 $t/*(F/) O-*liter""(1 /) O-*liter" .00-25 $t/ OTR . 129 //ole' O-*literr$t/ (0-1  00-25" $t/ OTR = 31.05 mmol O 2/liter.hr

?i&%e OR J OTR, +e /'t /o!if te #iore$%tor o8er$tio& i& or!er to #ri&) te / i&to  #$l$&%e K i&%re$'e N K 'e 8re O- r$ter t$& $ir

CHAPTER 9: AGITATION AND AERATION ; ADDITIONAL PROBLEM  Biochemical Engineering, Second Edition ! "ia, S. et.al.

Di/e&'io&' of $ fer/e&ter eqi88e! +it t+o 'et' of 't$&!$r! fl$t3#l$!e tr#i&e' $&! for #$ffle  8l$te' $re: 6er/e&ter !i$/eter, Dt.5 / I/8eller !i$/eter, Di.1 /B$ffle 8l$te +i!t,  #.05 / Liqi! !e8t, HL. / Te fer/e&ter i' 'e! for $ '8e%ifi% fer/e&t$tio& Te 7i'%o'it, , $&! te !e&'it, , of te  #rot $re:  . 1,-00 )*/5,  . 00- )*/ 'e% Rot$tio& '8ee! of i/8eller' $&! $er$tio& r$te $re N.20 r8/ $&! 0 77/, re'8e%ti7el Calculate: $Po+er reqire/e&t', P, for &)$''e! ''te/,  # Po+er reqire/e&t', P) , +e& $er$te!, %=ol/etri% %oeffi%ie&t,  7 , of o4)e& tr$&'fer, $&! ! Hol!38, H, of ###le' Solution $D t*Di . 5*1 . -0 HL*Di . *1 .555  N . 10 r8' 2 n Di  ρ 1 × 1.52 × 1.2 × 103  N ℜ= = =1.35 × 105 −2  μ 2 × 10

6ro/ 6i) 2, N 8 . 2 3

5

 ρ N   Di  N  P 1.2 × 103 × 13 × 1.55 × 6  P= = 9.81 gc 4

¿ 5.57 × 10 kg m / sec ¿ 73.3 Hp ?i&%e te )eo/etri%$l r$tio', (Dt*Di" $&! (HL*Di", of ti' 8ro#le/ !e7i$te fro/ Dt*Di $&! HL*Di i& 6i) 2, $ %orre%tio& f$%tor, f c, +i% i' $88ro4i/$tel e48re''e! $' 'o+& #e lo+ +ill #e %$l%l$te!

( )( ) √ ( )( )  D L  Di

∗

 H  L

∗¿

 D L

 D L  H  L  D i  D L

=

2.0 × 3.33 3.0 × 3.0

=0.86

c =¿ √ ¿ f ¿ Te&,  P∗¿ P f  c =73.3 × 0.86 =63 Hp If 8o+er reqire/e&t', P, +it t+o 'et' of i/8eller' %$& #e e'ti/$te! # /lti8li&) te 7$le of P for o&e 'et of i/8eller' # - (%f 2--1", te tot$l 8o+er reqire/e&t, P +ill #e:  P∗¿= P∗× 2=63 × 2=126 Hp P.1-2 H8

 # Te $er$tio& &/#er, N$, i' %$l%l$te! $' follo+': π  1 2 ) 0.4 × ( ) × 3 × 5 × (  F  4 60  N a= = 2 3 n Di 1 × 1.5

¿ 6.95 × 10−

2

A''/i&) t$t %r7e A i& 6i) 22 %$& #e 'e!, P)*P . 02, P) . P  02 . 1-2  02 . F- H8 P).F- H8

% 6 . 0  (*"  5-   . 11 /5*/i& 14.1 × 60 v s= =119.7 m / hr π  2 ( ) ×3 4

6ro/ Eq (25"

 K v = 0.0635 × {

0.95

82

0.07

( π  ) × 3 × 5

} × 119.7

2

4

. 5 ) /ole*/5 r $t/ ?88o'i&) t$t te %oeffi%ie&t, 0025 #e $l7e! i& te %$'e of $ fl$t3#l$!e tr#i&e (cf  ?e%tio& , C$8ter ",

 7 . 1- ) /ole*/5 r $t/ HL*Dt . *5 . 12 Te %orre%tio& f$%tor, f c, i' $''/e! $' follo+': (%f ?e%tio& 25-"  f c . 15 Te&, te 7ol/etri% %oeffi%ie&t,  7, of o4)e& tr$&'fer i':  7 .  7 f c . 1-  15 . -- ) /ole*/5 r $t/  7 . -- ) /ole*/ 5 r $t/

It /'t #e re/e/#ere! t$t te $#o7e 7$le of 7ol/etri% %oeffi%ie&t i' /$4i// i& ter/' of o4)e& tr$&'fer, #e%$'e Eq (25" #$'e! o& te 'lfite3o4i!$tio& e48eri/e&t i' $88lie! i& te %$l%l$tio& ! 6i) 2 i' 'e! to %$l%l$te te ol!38, H 6ro/ 6i) 2, 0.4 0.4  P 126 0.5 (  ) v s ={ } × 119.70.5 V  π  ( ) × 32 × 5 4

6ro/ $& e4tr$8ol$tio& of te 'oli! li&e i& 6i) 2, H . -1

CHAPTER 9: AGITATION AND AERATION ; ADDITIONAL PROBLEM  Biochemical Engineering, Shigeo #atoh and $umita%e &oshida I& $& $er$te! 'tirre! t$&, $ir i' ###le! i&to !e)$''e! +$ter Te o4)e& %o&%e&tr$tio& i& +$ter  +$' %o&ti&o'l /e$'re! 'i&) $& o4)e& ele%tro!e, '% t$t te !$t$ i& T$#le 10 +ere o#t$i&e! E7$l$te te o7er$ll 7ol/etri% /$'' tr$&'fer %oeffi%ie&t of o4)e&  Lɑ (i& &it of 8er  or" Te eqili#ri/ %o&%e&tr$tio& of o4)e& i& eqili#ri/ +it $ir &!er $t/o'8eri%  8re''re i' F0 /)*L; te !el$ i& re'8o&'e of te o4)e& ele%tro!e /$ #e &e)le%te! Table 1.0 O4)e& %o&%e&tr$tio& i& +$ter Time (! 0 -0 0 20 F0 100 1-0

O2 concentration (m"/L!

0 -F 25 F 2210   7.40

Gi7e&: T$#le 10 CL . F0 /)*L Reqire!: # Lɑ ?oltio&: 6ro/ te o4)e& #$l$&%e, te follo+i&) eq$tio& i' o#t$i&e!: !CL*!t .  Lɑ (CL3 CL" 8o& i&te)r$tio& +it te i&iti$l %o&!itio& CL . 0 $t t . 0 ,

l& CL* (CL3 CL"Q .  Lɑ (t" ?#'titti&) 7$le' fro/ te t$#le; fro/ t . 0 to t . 1-0 # Lɑ = 0.021$/

CHAPTER 9: AGITATION AND AERATION ; ADDITIONAL PROBLEM  Biochemical Engineering, Shigeo #atoh and $umita%e &oshida C$l%l$te te 8o+er reqire/e&t', +it $&! +itot $er$tio&, of $ 1 /3!i$/eter 'tirre! t$&, %o&t$i&i&) +$ter 1 / !ee8, eqi88e! +it $ 'i4 #l$!e R'to& Tr#i&e t$t i' 0 / i& !i$/eter  d, +it #l$!e' 0- d lo&) $/! 0- d   +i!e, o8er$ti&) $t $ rot$tio&$l '8ee! of 1F0 r8/ Air i' '88lie! fro/ te t$& #otto/ $t $ r$te of 02 /5*/i& O8er$tio& i' $t roo/ te/8er$tre =$le' of +$ter 7i'%o'it  . 0001 )*/' $&! +$ter !e&'it  . 1000 )*/ 5; e&%e * . S . 10 32 / -*' %$& #e 'e! Gi7e&: Dt$&  . 1 /

 . 0001 )*/'

HLiqi! . 1 /

 . 1000 )*/5

 N . 1F0 r8/

* . S . 1032 /-*'

 . 02 /5*/i& Reqire!: Po+er reqire/e&t +itot $er$tio&, %mo; Po+er reqire/e&t +it $er$tio&, %m ?oltio&: Te Po+er reqire/e&t +itot $er$tio& %$& #e o#t$i&e! 'i&) 6i)re 10

&i"ure 1.0 Correl$tio& #et+ee& Re&ol!' &/#er (Re" $&! Po+er &/#er (N8"

(Re" . (d ' N"*S . (0- 4 5"* 1032 .  4 10 Ti' i' i& te tr#le&t re)i/e Te& fro/ 6i)re 10:  N8 . 2 P/o . 2 N5d  .2(1000"55(0" . 020 )/-*'5 %mo = 50'0 

lo) (P/*P/o" . 319- (1*5"5F(0- 4 5*1032"011(0 4 5-*9F"192*5(001*5 4 05" . 30119 P/*P/o . 020 He&%e, P/ . 020 4 020 %m = 3)50 

CHAPTER 9: AGITATION AND AERATION ; ADDITIONAL PROBLEM  Biochemical Engineering, Shigeo #atoh and $umita%e &oshida A 'tirre!3t$& re$%tor eqi88e! +it $ 't$&!$r! R'to& tr#i&e of te follo+i&) !i/e&'io&' %o&t$i&' $ liqi! +it !e&'it  . 1000 )*%/5 $&! 7i'%o'it  . 0015 )*%/' Te t$& !i$/eter  D . - /, liqi! !e8t HL . - /, te i/8eller !i$/eter d   . 0F /, $&! liqi! 7ol/e . 10F /5 E'ti/$te te 'tirre! 8o+er reqire! $&! te /i4i&) ti/e, +e& te rot$tio&$l 'tirrer '8ee! N i' 90 r8/, t$t i' 1*' Gi7e&:  . 1000 )*%/5

 . 0015 )*%/'

D . - /

HL . - /

d  . 0F /

liqi! 7ol/e . 10F /5

 N . 90 r8/ Reqire!: %m $&! tm ?oltio&: Te Re&ol!' &/#er: Re . Nd ' *  . (1 4 F0- 4 1"*0015 . 5F 4 10

&i"ure 1.0 Correl$tio& #et+ee& Re&ol!' &/#er (Re" $&! Po+er &/#er (N8"

6ro/ 6i)re 10, N8 . 2 Te 8o+er reqire! P/ . (2 4 15 4 0F 4 1000" ) /-*'5 %m = ''50  or '.'5 #

&i"ure 1.1 Correl$tio&' for /i4i&) ti/e' ('i&) $ 't$&!$r! R'to& tr#i&e"

6ro/ fi)re 11, 7$le' of N,t/ for te $#o7e Re&ol!' &/#er 'ol! #e $#ot 50 Te&, t/ . 50*1 tm = 20 econ*

CHAPTER 9: AGITATION AND AERATION ; ADDITIONAL PROBLEM A fer/e&ter of !i$/eter 52/ $&! liqi! ei)t of 21 / i' 'e! for 8ro!%tio& of 'til$)i% $%i!  # (stilago)eae Te 8re''re $t te to8 of te fer/e&ter i' 1 $t/ Te 7e''el i' 'tirre! 'i&) !$l R'to& tr#i&e' $&! te fer/e&t$tio& te/8er$tre i' -9C Te DO te&'io& i' /e$'re! 'i&) t+o ele%tro!e': o&e i' lo%$te! &e$r te to8 of te t$&, te oter i' lo%$te! &e$r te #otto/ Bot ele%tro!e' $re %$li#r$te! i& 'it i& 'terile %ltre /e!i/ Te DO re$!i&) $t te to8 of te fer/e&ter i' 0 $ir '$tr$tio&; te re$!i&) $t te #otto/ i' 2 $ir '$tr$tio& Te fer/e&ter i' '8$r)e! +it $ir $t -0C $t flo+ r$te of 50 / 5 /i&31 /e$'re! $t $t/o'8eri% 8re''re Off3)$' le$7i&) te 7e''el $t $ r$te of -0 /5 /i&31 %o&t$i&' 1- o4)e& Te 'ol#ilit of o4)e& i& te fer/e&t$tio& #rot i' &ot 'i)&ifi%$&tl !iffere&t fro/ t$t i& +$ter Te !e&'it of te %ltre  #rot i' 100 )*/5 $ $t i' te o4)e& tr$&'fer r$te<  # E'ti/$te te 8re''re $t te #otto/ of te t$& % Te )$' 8$'e i& l$r)e fer/e&ter' i$ $''/e! to e4i#it 8l) flo+ &!er te'e %o&!itio&', &o )$' /i4i&) o%%r' 'o t$t te )$' 8$'e %o/8o'itio& $t te #otto/ of te t$& i' eq$l to t$t i& te i&let )$' 'tre$/, +ile te )$' %o/8o'itio& $t te to8 of te t$& i' eq$l to t$t i& te otlet )$' 'tre$/ 6or te )$' 8$'e i& 8l) flo+, e'ti/$te te o4)e& 'ol#ilit $t te to8 $&! #otto/ of te t$& ! $t i' te 7$le of  L$< e If te %ell %o&%e&tr$tio& i' 12 )*L, +$t i' te '8e%ifi% o4)e& !e/$&!<

f I&!'tri$l fer/e&t$tio& 7e''el' $re r$te! for o8er$tio& $t ele7$te! 8re''re' 'o te %$& +it't$&! 'te$/ 'teriliU$tio& A%%or!i&)l, te fer/e&ter 'e! for 'til$)i% $%i! 8ro!%tio& %$& #e o8er$te! '$fel $t $ /$4i// 8re''re of - $t/ $#' $''/i&) t$t re'8ir$tio& # (.  )eae

$&! te 7$le of  L$ $re rel$ti7el i&'e&'iti7e to 8re''re, +$t /$4i// %ell

%o&%e&tr$tio& %$& #e '88orte! #  o4)e& tr$&'fer i& te fer/e&ter $fter 8re''re i' r$i'e!< +i,en: DT . 52/ HL. 21 / i&.50 /5 /i&31 ot.-0 /5 /i&31 V . 1000 )*/5 CO-,i& . 0 CO-,ot . 2

Re-uire*: $ OTR   # P #otto/ % CL #otto/, CLto8 !  L$ e ?8e%ifi% O- !e/$&! f CL$t P/$4 . - $t/ $#'

Solution:

$ OTR .

π  =.

4

qA V  . i& CO-,i& 3 ot CO-,ot π 

 DT- HL .

4

 (5 2/" (21 /" . 2- 090 /5

Q ∈ P ( 0.21 ) Q!" P ( #$% ) qA 1 [ − ] V  .  RV  Tin T!" 

qA V  .

1

(

)(

a"m 0.08205  L& & K  m'

60.0904 m 3

)

[

(  ) 30 m 3

min

( 1 a"m ) (0.21 )

( 20 + 273 )

( −

20.5

m3 min

)(

)(

1.4 a"m 0.172

(29 + 273 )

qA m' =1.0458 ( 10−3 V   L)min  # PT . 1 $t/ W PL 5

-

PL . ) . (1000 )*/ " (9F1 /*' " (21/"

[

1 a"m 101325  Pa

]

 . 0902 $t/

)

]

PT . 1 $t/ W 0902 $t/ %T = 1.$$0' atm % I&let $t -0C X 1 $t/

[ ] [ ]  P02 *  L ¿

[

=

in'e" 

 P02 *  L¿

1 a"m 1.38 m' / L

+""m

][ =

1 a"m (  .21)

*  L¿

]

*  L¿= 0.2898 m' / L Otlet $t -9C X 1 $t/

[

1 a"m 1.38 m'

/ L

][ =

1 a"m

(  .21)

*  L¿

]

*  L¿= 0.2841 m' / L

!  L$ .

qA V  *  L¿ −*  L −3 1.0458  ( 10

 L$ .

( 0.15 )

(

m'  L)min

0.2841

(

1000 mm' 1 m'

)

)

mm' −0  L

# La = 2.50 /min

e  if =.12 )*L , M O- . 5- )*/ol

.

( ) =¿

m' 32 g  L) min m' 16 g / L

−3 1.0458  ( 10

 -0912 4 1035 */i&

 P,  = .  RT 

( 1 a"m )

(

0.08205

(

32

 L ) a"m m')K 

g m'

)(

)(

+

kg 1000 g

29 273

(

) K 

) 3

1m

1000  L

)

. 1-91 )*/5

?8 O- !e/$&!. (-0912 4 1035*/i&" (1-91 )*/5" S. O2 *eman* = 2.011  10 3 #"/m3min f P/$4 . - $t/ $#' 2.7 a"m ( 0.172 ) = *  L¿

[

][

1 a"m 1.18

mm'  L

]

*  L¿= 0.5480 mm' / L

CHAPTER 9: AGITATION AND AERATION ; ADDITIONAL PROBLEM C$l%l$te te /$4i// 8o''i#le r$te of o4)e& 8t$e $t 5C of /i%roor)$&i'/' $7i&) $ !i$/eter of -*5 / ''8e&!e! i& $& $)it$te! $qeo' 'oltio& It i' $''/e! t$t te 'rro&!i&) liqi! i' '$tr$te! +it 0 - fro/ $ir $t 1 $t/ 8re''re It +ill #e $''/e! t$t te /i%roor)$&i'/

%$& tiliUe te o4)e& /% f$'ter t$t it %$& !iff'e it Te /i%roor)$&i'/ $' $ !e&'it 7er %lo'e to t$t of +$ter +i,en: T . 5 C D 8 . -*5 / PO- . 1 $t/ . 9999999 )*/5 Re-uire*: M$4i// O- 8t$e Solution:

A!!itio&$l i&fo: CO- 'rf$%e . --2 4103 /ol*/5 Y '$tr$tio& DAB Y PO-, i&H-0 . 5- 4 10 39 /-*' Co&7e%ti7e M$'' Tr$&'fer o7er $ '8eri%$l 'rf$%e hm D p  D A-

hm D p  D A-

hm =

=2+ 0.43 ( .T  A- / * )

0.25

= 2+ 0

2 D A-

 D P

=

(

−9 2 2 3.25 ( 10 m

2 3

/s)

−6  ( 10 m

−3

 . 929  ( 10 m / s

6l4 O- : &O- ./ (CO-; Z [ CO- 'rf$%e" −3

. (929  ( 10 m / s ¿ (--2 4103 /ol*/5 [ 0" nO2 = 2.203 10' #mol/ m2

CHAPTER 9: AGITATION AND AERATION ; ADDITIONAL PROBLEM A -003L 'tirre! fer/e&ter %o&t$i&' $ #$t% %ltre of Bacillus sutilis #$%teri$ $t -FC Air $t -0C i' 8/8e! i&to te 7e''el $t $ r$te of 1 77/ Te $7er$)e 8re''re i& te fer/e&ter i' 1 $t/ Te 7ol/etri% flo+ r$te of off3)$' fro/ te fer/e&ter i' /e$'re! $' 1F9 L*/i& Te e4it )$'

'tre$/ i' $&$lUe! for o4)e& $&! i' fo&! to %o&t$i& -01 O- Te !i''ol7e! o4)e& %o&%e&tr$tio& i& te #rot i' /e$'re! 'i&) $& o4)e& ele%tro!e $' - '$tr$tio& Te 'ol#ilit of o4)e& i& te fer/e&t$tio& #rot $t -FC $&! 1 $t/ $ir 8re''re i' F410 35 )*/5 $ C$l%l$te te O4)e& Tr$&'fer R$te  # Deter/i&e te  L$ for te ''te/ +i,en: =/e!.-00L T/e!.-FC T$ir  . -0C $ir  . 1 77/ P.1 $t/ )$' . 1F9 L*/i& O- ot. -01 O?ol#ilit of O- Y 1 $t/, -FC . F41035 )*/5

Re-uire*: $ OTR # L$

   

Solution: 1

$ NA.

V  L

[ F * 

− F* !"'e" ]

in'e" 

(

)

0.21 1 a"m

(

CO-,i&let .

0.08205

 L ) a"m m')K 

)

35 ( 20 + 273.15 ) K  . F5- 410  /ol*L

0.201 a"m

(

 CO-,otlet . 1

 NA .

200 L

0.08205

[

 L ) a"m m')K 

( 200 L ) ( 1 vvm )

(

)

35 ( 28 + 273.15 ) K  . F15F2 410  /ol*L

 ) (

− 3 m' −

8.7352 ( 10

 L

189

 L min

)(

8.1386  ( 10

4= 1.02  103 mol/L.min

 N  A  #  L$ .

 L$ .

*  L¿ −*  L

(

−3 1.0442 ( 10

# La = 0.1) 1

m'  L & min

)(

1000 L

−3 7.8 ( 10

m

3

)( )( 32 kg

km'

km' 1000 m'

−( 0.52 ) ( 7.8 ( 10− ) 3

)( ) 1 min 60 s

 ) ]

−3 m'  L

CHAPTER 9: AGITATION AND AERATION ; ADDITIONAL PROBLEM

A #iore$%tor (DT . 5 /" %o&t$i&' 1000 L of liqi! (+$ter" $&! 1 ) * L of )ro+i&) %ell' +o'e re'8ir$tio& r$te i' - //ole O- * ) %ell'3r It i' #ei&) $)it$te! # tree tr#i&e3t8e i/8eller' $t - OC $&! 1 $t/ ?t$te +ere te re$%tio& i' #io%e/i%$ll li/ite! or /$'' tr$&'fer li/ite! for N . 20 r8/ $&! 1 77/ A''/e P/*P/o . 0; L . 1,000 ) * /5; L . 1 4 1035 )*/3' It $' $l'o  #ee& !eter/i&e! e48eri/e&t$ll t$t te !i$/eter of $ir ###le' i'  4 103- / $&! it' 7elo%it i' 0 /*' Gi7e&: =R . 1000 L; C4 . 1)*L; qO- . - //ole O- * ) %ell'3r; DT . 5 /; P /*P/o . 0; L . 1,000 ) * /5; L . 1 4 1035 )*/3'; D ###le' .  4 103- /; =elo%it ###le' . 0 /*'

Reqire!: I' te re$%tio& #io%e/i%$ll li/ite! or /$'' tr$&'fer li/ite!<

?oltio&: 6ro/ \$/e' Lee C$8ter 2, Di. (1*5"DT . (1*5" (5/" . 1 / Re . Re&ol!@' N/#er .  L N Di- * L Re . (1,000 )*/5"(20*20'"(1/"- * (1 4 1035 )*/3'" . 1 4 10 2 6ro/ fi)re 9F of \$/e' M Lee: Po+er &/#er . 2 . P /o * (L N5 Di" P/o . 2 (L N5 Di" . 2 (1,000 )*/5"(20*20'31"5(1/"Q . 2000 ($tt'" P/o (5 i/8eller'" . 5 (2000 $tt'" . 1F000 $tt' P/ . 0 (P/o" . (0"(1F000 $tt'" . 9000 $tt' 6ro/ eq$tio& 91 of \$/e' Lee:  L$ ('31" . 00-2 (P/*=R "Q0 (7'"0 P/*=R  . 9000 $tt'*1/5 . 9000 $tt'*/5 HT . (1/5"* (*"(5/"-Q . 011 / 7' . (2"(1000 L* /i&"(1/i&*20'"(1 /5*1000 L"( 011 /"Q * ( 4 10 3- /"(0 /*'"(1 /5"Q

. 022 /31  L$ . 00-2 9000Q0 (022"0. 022 '31 O4)e& Tr$&'fer R$te, OTR .  L$(CL 3 CL" 6ro/ t$#le 91 of \$/e' Lee: CLY8re o4)e&  . 1-2 //ole' O- * L CL . (0-1$t/"* (1$t/"*(1-2 //ole' O- * L"Q . 0122 //ole' O- * L OTR . (022 '31"(5200'*r" (012230" //ole' O- * L OTR . F059F //ole' O- * L3r  O4)e& 8t$e R$te . C4 qO- . (1 ) %ell'*L" (- //ole' O-*) %ell'3r" OR . 5 //ole' O- * L3r

Terefore, 'i&%e OR ] OTR, te re$%tio& i' BIOCHEMICALL^ LIMITED_