Advanced AutoCAD 2007
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Advanced AutoCAD® 2007 The Academic Solution
Sina Sepehri
ii Copyright © 2007
VESD, Inc. The content of this book is furnished for informational use only, is subject to change without notice, and should not be constructed as a commitment by VESD, Inc. VESD, Inc. assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this book and in no event shall be liable to anyone for, special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damage in connection with or arising out of purchase or use of these materials. Except for as permitted by such license, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of VESD, Inc. Trademarks All brand names, product names, or trademarks belong to their respective holders. Screen Captures contained in this book are used with permission from AutoDesk. AutoCAD and Autodesk are registered trademarks of Autodesk, Inc. in the U.S.A and certain other countries.
Art/Cover Design: Sina Sepehri
Special thanks to my former students Chris Conover and Jon Winner for their time and dedication.
Introduction Since its infancy, just a decade ago, the emerging field of digital design has revolutionized the thought process of designers and allowed teams of talented individuals to collaborate faster and with far more precision than ever before. Using the Internet, seamlessly across the U.S. and the Globe, oceans of new talent are being incorporated into production. The emerging technology of Computer-Aided-Drafting & Design has offered both twoand three-dimensional modelers new ways of thinking and has clearly challenged the traditional minds, requiring them to utilize new and digital tools to bring ideas to reality. Today with its design-centric mindset, AutoCAD is offering designers, drafters, engineers, architects, interior designers, and students tools that allow for speed, precision, consistency and legibility, all in a collaborative environment. With over 3.5 million users around the world, the leading drafting software has set the tone for CAD standards, giving the well trained users mobility and flexibility. Advanced AutoCAD® 2007: The Academic Solution is a set of step-by-step AutoCAD tutorials designed specifically for academia. This book is a continuation of Introduction to AutoCAD 2007(or 06), The Academic Solution. Whether they are used as a standalone or with other standard AutoCAD textbooks, you will find these advanced tutorials to be well-structured, informative, and easy to follow. In order to maximize your success, it is best to follow the procedure step by step and not skip any instructions. It is also recommended to have the Introduction to AutoCAD 2007(or 06) The Academic Solution textbook available for reference purposes. The Text consists of 14 chapters. Every chapter corresponds to and is equivalent to a week of instructions and assignments for the advanced CAD course. Some chapters group two distinct topics together to accommodate for a week of instructions. For a recommended approach to progressing through the text, refer to the flowchart on the next page or consult with your instructor. The book is best followed with all assignments accomplished using the same computer and/or network. As you reach the end of the book, you should feel confident in your knowledge of the software because you are considered to be an advanced user. Keep in mind that practice is crucial for retaining the knowledge, making you an efficient AutoCAD user.
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Table of Contents
Terminology .................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1 ...........................................................................................................1 Folders ...................................................................................................................3 Creating Folders.......................................................................................................... 4 Renaming Folders ....................................................................................................... 5
Subject Folders .....................................................................................................6 Create a Template (Model Space).......................................................................8 Create a Template (Paper Space) .....................................................................10 Creating a Symbol Library ...............................................................................13 Office Layout ......................................................................................................27 Using a Symbol library ......................................................................................29 Redefining Blocks ...............................................................................................34 Create Layout from Template...........................................................................40 Assignment 1.......................................................................................................43
Chapter 2 .........................................................................................................45 Defining Attributes.............................................................................................47 Attribute Modes ........................................................................................................ 47 Attribute Definition................................................................................................... 49 Copy Attributes ......................................................................................................... 53 Edit Attribute ............................................................................................................ 53
Inserting Attributed Blocks ...............................................................................64 Editing Attributes...............................................................................................67 Edit Attribute ............................................................................................................ 67 Block Attribute Manager .......................................................................................... 68 Edit multiple Block Attributes (Properties Method) ................................................. 69 Edit multiple Block Attributes (Synchronize Method) ............................................. 71
Attribute Extraction...........................................................................................74 Extract Attributes (Excel Spreadsheet Method)........................................................ 74
Attribute Visibility .............................................................................................79 Visibility Mode ......................................................................................................... 79
Assignment 2.......................................................................................................81
Chapter 3 .........................................................................................................83 Polyline ................................................................................................................85 Create a Polyline ....................................................................................................... 85 Edit a Polyline........................................................................................................... 86 Close a Polyline ........................................................................................................ 86 Open a Polyline......................................................................................................... 86
ii Adjust Polyline Width............................................................................................... 86 Undo Polyline edit .................................................................................................... 87 Edit Polyline Vertices ............................................................................................... 87 Move Polyline Verticies............................................................................................ 87
Spline a Polyline..................................................................................................89 Spline ........................................................................................................................ 89 Decurve ..................................................................................................................... 89 Fit .............................................................................................................................. 89 Join Polyline.............................................................................................................. 90 Polyline Linetype ...................................................................................................... 91 Spline Frame ............................................................................................................. 92 Spline multiple .......................................................................................................... 95 Fuzz distance............................................................................................................. 96
Spline ...................................................................................................................97 Create a Spline .......................................................................................................... 97 Close Spline .............................................................................................................. 97 Edit Spline................................................................................................................. 97 Move Vertex ............................................................................................................. 98 Spline Frame ............................................................................................................. 98
Converting Objects to Polylines ........................................................................99 Fillet polyline .......................................................................................................... 100
Area ...................................................................................................................102 Area of a Closed Polyline ....................................................................................... 102 Sum and Difference ................................................................................................ 102
Assignment 3.....................................................................................................103
Chapter 4 .......................................................................................................107 Digitizing a Map ...............................................................................................109 Raster Image Reference .......................................................................................... 110 Aligned.................................................................................................................... 112 Image Adjust ........................................................................................................... 113 Pline tracing ............................................................................................................ 115
Assignment 4.....................................................................................................121
Chapter 5 .......................................................................................................123 External References .........................................................................................125 Attach an Xref ..................................................................................................128 Attach a Drawing .................................................................................................... 128 External References Palette..................................................................................... 128 Unload..................................................................................................................... 132 Reload ..................................................................................................................... 133 Xclip........................................................................................................................ 145 Bind......................................................................................................................... 148
Assignment 5.....................................................................................................151
Chapter 6 .......................................................................................................153 World Coordinate System ...............................................................................155 Coordinate Points .............................................................................................158 Elevations ..........................................................................................................159
iii Viewing Objects in 3D......................................................................................162 View Point .........................................................................................................163 3D Orbit ............................................................................................................165 Views..................................................................................................................169 User Coordinate System (UCS).......................................................................172 World Coordinate System ....................................................................................... 172 User Coordinate System.......................................................................................... 172 Move UCS .............................................................................................................. 175 Origin ...................................................................................................................... 175 Save a UCS ............................................................................................................. 176 3 Point UCS ............................................................................................................ 177
Assignment 6.....................................................................................................187 Assignment 6B
3D Topography ...................................................................196
View Point .............................................................................................................. 196
Chapter 7 .......................................................................................................201 Workspaces .......................................................................................................203 Workspace Toolbar ................................................................................................. 203 Create a Workspace ................................................................................................ 204 Customize User Interface........................................................................................ 204 Create a Toolbar...................................................................................................... 207
Macros ...............................................................................................................211 Write a Macro ......................................................................................................... 214 Create a Button ....................................................................................................... 215
Assignment 7.....................................................................................................231
Chapter 8 .......................................................................................................233 Dynamic Blocks ................................................................................................235 Block Editor ............................................................................................................ 239 Block Authoring palette .......................................................................................... 239 Rotation Parameter.................................................................................................. 239 Actions Tab............................................................................................................. 241 Rotate Action .......................................................................................................... 241 Save Block Definition ............................................................................................. 242 Parameters Tab........................................................................................................ 245 Linear Parameters ................................................................................................... 246 Stretch Action ......................................................................................................... 248
Data Exchange Format ....................................................................................252 Create a DXF file .................................................................................................... 252 Import a DXF file.................................................................................................... 253
Assignment 8.....................................................................................................257
Chapter 9 .......................................................................................................259 Slide Show and Scripts.....................................................................................261 Make Slides............................................................................................................. 262 View Slides ............................................................................................................. 266
Scripts................................................................................................................267 Notepad ................................................................................................................... 268
iv Create a Script......................................................................................................... 269 Save a Script ........................................................................................................... 269 Run your Script ....................................................................................................... 269
AutoCAD and the Internet ..............................................................................272 URL ........................................................................................................................ 272 Inetlocation ............................................................................................................. 273 Web Toolbar ........................................................................................................... 273
Hyperlink ..........................................................................................................274 Text and File Hyperlink .......................................................................................... 275 Geometry and File Hyperlink.................................................................................. 276 Text and Website Hyperlink ................................................................................... 276 Remove a Hyperlink ............................................................................................... 277
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)...........................................................................278 Add an FTP Location.............................................................................................. 278
DWF...................................................................................................................281 Publish .................................................................................................................... 281 Add Sheets .............................................................................................................. 282 Plot Stamp ............................................................................................................... 285
Assignment 9.....................................................................................................287
Chapter 10 .....................................................................................................289 Isometric Projection .........................................................................................291 Isoplanes............................................................................................................293 Isometric Circles ..................................................................................................... 297 Fillets ...................................................................................................................... 298
Tangents ............................................................................................................301 Isometric Text Styles ........................................................................................305 style ......................................................................................................................... 306
Dimensioning ....................................................................................................308 Dimension Style...................................................................................................... 308 Oblique.................................................................................................................... 310 Rotate dimension .................................................................................................... 311
Assignment 10...................................................................................................313
Chapter 11 .....................................................................................................315 Creating a Sheet Set .........................................................................................317 Sheet Set Manager .................................................................................................. 317 New Sheet Set ......................................................................................................... 317
Creating Subsets ...............................................................................................322 Creating Sheets from an Example ..................................................................324 Create Cross Referenced Sheets.............................................................................. 328 Example Sheet Set .................................................................................................. 328 Removing Subsets................................................................................................... 330 Creating a New Sheet.............................................................................................. 331 Model Views ........................................................................................................... 332 Add a new location ................................................................................................. 332 Drag and Drop views .............................................................................................. 333 View Scaling ........................................................................................................... 334
v View Labels ............................................................................................................ 334 Sheet Views ............................................................................................................ 336 Rename and Renumber ........................................................................................... 337
Creating Callout Blocks...................................................................................339 Sheet Set Place Holder ............................................................................................ 341 View Number.......................................................................................................... 341 Sheet Number.......................................................................................................... 342
Adding Callout Blocks .....................................................................................344 Add Callout Blocks to List...................................................................................... 345
Placing Callout Blocks .....................................................................................347 Callout Block Hyperlink ......................................................................................... 350
Archive ..............................................................................................................352 Zip File.................................................................................................................... 353 Self-extracting executable....................................................................................... 354 Password Protection................................................................................................ 355
Assignment 11...................................................................................................357
Chapter 12 .....................................................................................................359 Database Connectivity .....................................................................................361 Create a Database.................................................................................................... 363 Microsoft Access .................................................................................................... 363
Connecting and Configuring a Database. ......................................................371 DBconnect............................................................................................................... 371
Linking Objects to the Database.....................................................................377 Link Template ......................................................................................................... 377 Label Template ....................................................................................................... 384 Create Attached Labels ........................................................................................... 385 Data View and Query Options ................................................................................ 386 Delete Attached Labels ........................................................................................... 387 Create Freestanding Labels ..................................................................................... 390
Quick Query......................................................................................................393 Assignment 12...................................................................................................395
Chapter 13 .....................................................................................................397 Adding Express Tools ......................................................................................399 Adding Express toolbars ......................................................................................... 399
Move/Copy/Rotate............................................................................................403 Super Hatch ......................................................................................................405 Multiple Copy ...................................................................................................408 Fast Select..........................................................................................................409 Text Fit ..............................................................................................................410 Text Mask..........................................................................................................411 Text Explode .....................................................................................................412 Arc-Aligned Text ..............................................................................................413
vi Copy Nested Objects. .......................................................................................415 Assignment 13...................................................................................................419
Chapter 14 .....................................................................................................423 AutoLISP...........................................................................................................425 Arithmetic Operations............................................................................................. 425
Real versus Integer numbers...........................................................................427 Use AutoLISP in a Command................................................................................. 427 Store and use Variables........................................................................................... 428 Run Commands in AutoLISP.................................................................................. 429 Store coordinates..................................................................................................... 430 Get Functions .......................................................................................................... 433 Prompts in AutoLISP .............................................................................................. 434 Writing a LISP program in Notepad ....................................................................... 437
Executing a LISP routine.................................................................................439 Assignment 14..................................................................................................449
Appendix A ....................................................................................................451 Interface ............................................................................................................453 Tool Palettes Window ......................................................................................457 DesignCenter.....................................................................................................459 Clean Screen .....................................................................................................460 Toolbars.............................................................................................................462 Load a Toolbar........................................................................................................ 462 Close a Toolbar ....................................................................................................... 463 Dock a Toolbar ....................................................................................................... 464
Flyouts ...............................................................................................................464 Flyouts ...............................................................................................................465 Display Options.................................................................................................466 Set Colors................................................................................................................ 466 Crosshair Size ......................................................................................................... 468
Profiles...............................................................................................................470 Add a profile to the List .......................................................................................... 471 Load a default profile .............................................................................................. 471
Lock/Unlock Toolbars......................................................................................473 Lock/Unlock a Toolbar ........................................................................................... 473
Communication Center....................................................................................475 Status Line ........................................................................................................477 Line ....................................................................................................................478 Pick Start and End points ........................................................................................ 478 Undo........................................................................................................................ 480 Close ....................................................................................................................... 480
Undo, Redo........................................................................................................481 Erase (Selection Methods) ...............................................................................482
vii Windowing.............................................................................................................. 482 Crossing .................................................................................................................. 483 Removing................................................................................................................ 484 Fencing.................................................................................................................... 485
Shortcut Menu ..................................................................................................486 Help....................................................................................................................488 Info Palette .............................................................................................................. 488 New Features Workshop ......................................................................................... 489 Help......................................................................................................................... 490
File Management ..............................................................................................493 Creating Folders...................................................................................................... 494 Renaming Folders ................................................................................................... 495
Appendix B ....................................................................................................497 Digitizing a Map by using a Tablet .................................................................497 Calibrate a tablet ..................................................................................................... 498 Toggle tablet mode.................................................................................................. 499
Configuring a Tablet ........................................................................................503
Appendix C Aliases .......................................................................................505 Appendix D Hot Keys and Function Keys ..................................................509 Index ..............................................................................................................511
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Terminology Used in This Book Bold – A word in bold letters signifies that it is an AutoCAD specific term or that it is a very specific item (i.e., a specific color, Object, or name). Terminology Bold Italics – A number that is displayed in both bold and italic signifies that it is to be entered by means of the keyboard. By doing the following: – A sentence ending with the term "by doing the following:" signifies that you are about to be given step-by-step, bulleted instructions as to how to perform a specific operation for the first time. Command: - The Command Prompt is the location where you instruct AutoCAD to perform a specific task. For example, typing in "Erase" at the Command Prompt and then pressing the Enter key, instructs AutoCAD to erase one or a group of Objects. Also note that in AutoCAD, with very few exceptions, the cursor is always automatically positioned at the Command Prompt. Terminology
Pointer device – Most computers are configured for a mouse, however, you may be using a pen tablet, a digitizer or any other device which may serve the same function. Click – Refers to picking the "left" Pointer Button of the mouse. If the right pointer button is to be selected, you will be specifically instructed to right-click. Double-click – Indicates clicking a pointer button on your mouse twice without pausing or hesitating between clicks. Drag – Refers to pressing down the left pointer button while moving/dragging the mouse to a new location and then releasing the button. ENTER – Refers to pressing the Enter key on the keyboard. As you will see, any keyboard entry at the Command Prompt will require an ENTER. However in the later Chapters, at times it may be expected of you to ENTER after a Command entry without specific instructions. Note: – A note generally furnishes you with information and explains concepts but does not require you to take any action. Pick – Refers to left clicking within the Drawing space (i.e., Pick Circle C1, refers to left clicking on Circle C1.) The terms Pick and Select are interchangeable. Select – Refers to picking a menu item/tool or a pre-existing Object by clicking on it using the mouse (i.e., "Select Erase" means that you should select the Erase Icon/tool as opposed to typing the Command Erase).
x Toggle – Refers to a setting that has a switch mode (i.e., On, Off). There are different methods of toggling: 1. Function keys. The function keys are usually located along the top of your keyboard and are identified by the letter F and a number. Each function key is assigned to a specific AutoCAD function. For instance, pressing F9 will Toggle your Snap settings to On/Off. 2. Control Keys. Control keys are another way of allowing for shortcuts. Control keys are used by holding the CTRL key, and then pressing another key. For instance, CTRL+2 will toggle the DesignCenter.
3. Toggle switches. Many AutoCAD settings can also be Toggled from dialog boxes as shown below. As an example, as the Endpoint OSnap mode Toggle is selected, a check mark appears and the setting is Toggled to on as shown below. 4. Toggle Buttons. Buttons located in the Status Line are another way of toggling certain settings. There are eight buttons located in the Status Line that can be Toggled by clicking on the buttons with the pick button. When the button appears depressed it is On, otherwise it is Off. For instance, in the first image shown below Snap is Toggled to the off position. The second image shows Snap Toggled On. These buttons will be covered in more detail later.
User-Specified – This term is used when requesting a non-specific entry where the exact size or location for Drawing an Object (or a group of Objects) is flexible, i.e., "Create a Circle in a User-specified location as shown below" means that you can approximate the size and location similar to a given diagram.
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Other Terminology and Information CAD: A general term meaning Computer Aided Drafting or sometimes Computer Aided Design. This term is not specific to AutoCAD. CADD: A general term meaning Computer Aided Design and Drafting. CAD Station: A computer station that has CAD software installed (in this case AutoCAD) and preferably has other peripherals such as a plotter and sometimes a digitizer. The advantages of using a CAD station over manual drafting are basically speed, repeatability, accuracy, and easy editing. AutoCAD: With over 3.5 million users, this AutoDesk® product is currently the most widely used CAD software in the industry. Commercial Version: This is the version of the CAD program that is purchased for professional design and drafting and is for commercial use. In other words, you may use the license for profit. Educational Version: This version is available to students who are enrolled in three or more credits at a degree-granting educational institution or those who are enrolled at a nine-month certificate-granting program. The Student Version is also available to registered K-12 students who can confirm current enrollment. Although the Educational software has the same functionality as the commercial, it can not be used for the purpose of profit. Purchasing AutoDesk® products: AutoDesk software, such as AutoCAD, Inventor, Rivet, 3ds MAX, Civil 3D and many others can be purchased from AutoDesk directly or through Authorized AutoDesk Resellers around the country. For more information, you can go to the AutoDesk estore at http://estore.autodesk.com where you can also locate resellers near you. You can also check with your school's bookstore.
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Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Creating a Template Creating a Symbol Library Office Layout Making Blocks Redefining Blocks Creating Layout (Paper /Model Space)
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Chapter One
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Folders In this section, you will create all the necessary Folders for your assignments. As you already know, Folders are where files, such as Drawings, are saved. Many teaching institutions use the common practice of automatically creating the student folders using students' names and/or ID numbers. These student folders are often placed on a network drive such as F:, T:, or H: as opposed to the Local Disk (C:). An example of a folder and its associated path is T:\Engineering_Technologies\Smith_David_02, where a common folder such as David Smith 02 is created on the T: drive under the Engineering Technologies folder as shown below.
In the event that you are not clear on how to create folders, or where your folder resides or is to be created, consult with your instructor. In this case, it is also recommended that you review the File Management section of Appendix A to learn to create a New Folders and Rename Folders, etc. Many teaching institutions install Computer Security software in their computer labs. This is to improve system stability, protect against viruses, avoid Internet downloads, etc. In many cases, this type of software does not allow for your AutoCAD Drawing files to reside/stay on the Local Disk (C:). It is for this reason (and more) that you should save your files to a specific Drive and Folder as designated by your Instructor.
4 The instructions below will help you in creating your Main folder (from this point on referred to as My_CAD_Folder). This exercise will create your folder in the Documents and Settings folder of the Local Disk (C:). However, as mentioned before, you may already have a main folder assigned to you so that you only have to create your subject folders inside the main folder. Caution: If you have a folder assigned to you already, skip to page 6 to create the subject folders. Consult with your instructor as necessary. 1. Create your main Folder by doing the following: Creating Folders • From the Microsoft® Windows Interface, select Start then My Computer as shown below.
•
At the My Computer window, double-click on Local Disk (C:) and select the Documents and Settings folder (or your drive as designated by your instructor).
Chapter One
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•
From the Menu Bar, select File, then New, then Folder as shown below. {A New Folder appears. It is highlighted, and the cursor is located to the right of the name. Since the name is already highlighted, you don't need to back space.}
•
Type in the new name: My_CAD_Folder and then ENTER.
•
Double-click on the folder My_CAD_Folder folder. {You are inside the folder. The name appears at the Address field, and it is obviously empty.}
•
Select the Back button. {It will take you "back" out of the folder and to the Documents and Settings folder of the Local Disk (C:).}
Renaming Folders • Right-click on the My_CAD_Folder folder and select Rename. {The name is highlighted.} •
Type in your last name followed by your first name, i.e., Smith David
•
ENTER. {The folder is renamed to your name.}
Note: From this point on, for the sake of consistency, the book will refer to your main folder as your My_CAD_Folder.
6
Subject Folders Once you have your My_CAD_Folder folder such as T:\Engineering_ Technologies\Smith_David_02, you need to create 18 folders that fall inside your main folder. The 18 folders include 16 topics and two more folders for your symbol library and Templates. Do not skip the instructions below as these folders are needed to continue through the tutorials. •
Double-click on your My_CAD_Folder {Your My_CAD_Folder window appears and you are placed inside your folder.}
•
Select File, New, and then Folder again. As the highlighted New Folder appears, type in the name Review_Material and then ENTER. {The new Folder is created.}
Chapter One
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•
Repeat this process to create the remaining 17 folders. Name these folders Symbols, Templates, Attributes, Polylines_and_Splines, Digitizing, External_References, Three_Dimensions, Customization, Dynamic_Blocks, Data_Exchange, Slideshow, Internet, Isometric, Sheet_Sets, DataBase, Express Tools, and AutoLISP. Since this is a repetitive process, you may use the key stroke sequence Alt+ F, then W, and then F to create each folder. Note that it is not critical to use the underscore "_" symbol when naming your folders. However, for reasons stated later, the Slideshow folder name should be a single word having no spaces.
•
The image below displays the list of folders in alphabetical order, not in the sequence used in the course.
•
Close the above window since you are about to launch AutoCAD.
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Create a Template (Model Space) In Chapter 3 of Volume I, you learned to create an A size Template for use in Model Space. The procedure below repeats the exercise of creating a Template to be used in this book. 1. Create a Template by doing the following: •
Launch AutoCAD and begin a new blank Drawing. In the event that you are asked to choose a Workspace, select AutoCAD Classic and then OK.
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Make sure that in the Status Line, your Snap, Grid, Ortho, Polar, Osnap, Otrack, Ducs, Dyn, are set to Off.
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Set Units to Decimal with a Precision of two decimal places 0.00. Set the Angle Decimal Degrees Precision to one decimal place 0.0.
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Set Limits to a lower left corner of 0,0 and an upper right corner of 9,6.
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Set Grid to 0.5 .
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Set Snap to 0.25 .
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Zoom All.
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Using the Rectangle tool, create a 9 x 6 rectangle with the lower left corner located at 0,0 and the other corner at 9.0,6.0 .
Chapter One
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•
Select the Save As button. {The Save Drawing As window appears.}
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In the File of type drop down, select AutoCAD Drawing Template (*.dwt) as shown below.
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In the File name text field, name the file My Template Model Space A size_ _ _ where the three blanks are your initials.
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In the Save in drop down, select your Templates folder located inside your main folder.
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Select the Save button. {The Template Description dialog box appears.}
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Leave the description as is, and select OK.
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From the Menu Bar, select File and then Exit AutoCAD.
Note: Keep in mind that opening a Template file by selecting File, Open and changing the File of type to *.dwt is interpreted by AutoCAD as if you plan to modify your Template rather than use it to start up a new Drawing. So in the future, unless you intend to update or modify a Template, do not use the Open option from the File Menu Bar to Open a Template file, but rather use the File, New option to begin a new Drawing file. Later in the chapter, you will also learn how to import a Template into an already existing Drawing.
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Create a Template (Paper Space) In Chapter 12 of Volume I, you learned about Layouts and Paper Space, where you created an A size Template for use in Paper Space. The procedure below repeats that exercise of creating a Template to be used throughout this book. 1. Create a Drawing Template in Paper Space by doing the following: •
Launch AutoCAD and begin a new blank Drawing. In the event that you are asked to choose a Workspace, select AutoCAD Classic and then OK.
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Set your Units to Decimal with Precision set to two decimal places (0.00).
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Make sure that from the Status Line, Snap, Grid, Orth, Polar, Osnap, Ducs, and Dyn are set to Off.
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Create a Layer named Title block, and set it as the Current layer.
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Click on the Layout1 Tab as shown below. {An A (letter) size paper is displayed and you are placed in Paper Space as shown by the Paper/Model toggle of the Status Line.}
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Erase the default Viewport shown in the form of a rectangle. A new Viewport will be created that is more suitable to your My Template Paper Space A size_ _ _.dwt Template.
Chapter One
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•
Create the title page having the given dimensions shown below. A good approach would be to use the Rectangle tool to create a 10 x 7.5 rectangle with the first corner located at coordinates 0.2,0.2 and the other corner located at coordinates 10.2,7.7. Then use the Explode tool to explode the rectangle and Offset the lower edge upwards by 0.40 units as shown below.
•
Make sure that the entire geometry falls within the rectangular margins as shown by the dashed line type. Move the geometry as necessary.
•
Use the Text Command to place your name, course section, lesson number, and scale in the title block as shown below. Start text at a userspecified location with a height of 0.2 units while making sure it falls within the title block similar to that shown below. Font is user-specified.
•
Make sure that Layer 0 is your Current Layer.
•
Open the Viewports toolbar and dock it on the screen. You can do this by right-clicking on any tool, and then selecting Viewports from the list of toolbars.
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From the Viewports toolbar, select the Single Viewport tool and use the Endpoint Osnap option to create a Single Viewport with corners located at P1 and P2 of the diagram above for the two corners of the Viewport.
12 •
To toggle to Model Space, double-click within the Viewport area. {The Viewport is displayed in bold, verifying that you are in Model Space.}
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From the Status Line, select the Model button to switch back to Paper Space as shown below.
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Select the Save As button. {The Save Drawing As window appears.}
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In the File of type drop down, select AutoCAD Drawing Template (*.dwt).
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In the File name text field, name the file My Template Paper Space A size_ _ _ where the three blanks are your initials.
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In the Save in drop down, select your Main Folder, as designated by your instructor and then select Templates.
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Select the Save button. {The Template Description dialog box appears.}
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Leave the description as is, and select OK.
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From the Menu Bar, select File and then Exit AutoCAD.
Chapter One
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Creating a Symbol Library You are about to create a library of symbols as shown below by the 9 Objects. In creating these symbols, you will exercise your technique of geometric construction while keeping precision in mind. Note that the symbols you are about to create will be used throughout the textbook. To avoid lost time, save your progress frequently. Although the symbols you are creating are Architectural, the techniques you are learning can be applied to a variety of fields such as Mechanical, Industrial, Civil, etc.
1. Launch AutoCAD to begin a new blank Drawing. You will use your Paper Space Template later in the Chapter. In the event that you are asked to choose a Workspace, select AutoCAD Classic and then OK. 2. Set Units to Architectural and Precision to 1/16”. 3. Set Limits to 0',0' by 24',16' and then Zoom All. 4. Make sure that Ortho, Polar, Osnap, Otrack, Ducs, and Dyn are set to Off. 5. Use the Rectangle tool to create a rectangular border having the same corners as your limits.
14 6. Set Snap and Grid by doing the following: •
In the Status Line, right-click on the Grid Button and from the shortcut menu, select Settings.
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As the Drafting Settings dialog box appears, set both Snap and Grid to 6".
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Toggle both Snap and Grid to On.
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Ensure that the Adaptive Grid setting is toggled Off as shown below.
Note: Adaptive grid allows for an automatic change in grid settings based on the current zoom factor. As an example, if you zoom in/out noticeably, the system will change to a subdivision or multiple of the current value instead of displaying the usual "grid too dense to display" warning. Although using this new option is a matter of user choice, the book will not make use of this setting. 7. SaveAs the Drawing using the name, All Symbols _ _ _ where the three blanks are your initials. Make sure that the Drawing is saved to your Symbols folder of your Main Folder.
Chapter One
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8. Use the Rectangle tool and the following information to construct the Desk and Chair as shown below. Exact location of each symbol is user-specified; symbols will be moved and rearranged later in the instructions. •
Remember to Zoom and Pan as necessary.
•
The Desk is 5'2" x 2'6".
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The Chair seat is an 18" square.
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The Chair arms and back are located 1" from the chair seat and are 2" wide with user-specified length. Setting Snap to 1" will help construct the chair more efficiently.
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Do not label the symbols.
9. Create a Computer Desk using the following instructions: •
Use the Rectangle tool to create a 62" square as shown below.
•
Use the Explode tool to explode the rectangle. {The Rectangle converts to lines L1-L4.}
•
Create Lines L5 and L6 by Offsetting L1 and L2 by 22" respectively, as shown below.
16
•
Create the Diagonal Line L7 with Endpoints located at the two opposite corners of the square desk as shown below on the left.
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Create L8 and L9 by Offsetting L7 by 14” to both sides.
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Create L10 with Endpoints starting at the Intersection of L6 and L8 and going to the Intersection of L5 and L9 as shown below.
•
Trim the geometry and Erase all Construction Lines (Xline) to result in the Computer Desk geometry shown below.
Note: The three symbols should appear as shown below. Do not label the symbols.
•
Remember to Save your progress frequently.
Chapter One
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10. Create the Sink symbol by using the following instructions: •
Create Construction Line CL1 using the horizontal option and Construction Line CL2 using the vertical option, at user-specified locations, as shown below.
•
Create a Circle with the center located at the intersection of CL1 and CL2, having a Radius of 0.5".
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Offset the Circle to the outside by 0.5".
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Create Ellipse E1 using the Center option and for the Center, use the intersection of CL1 and CL2. Use the given dimensions shown below.
18 •
To create CL3 and CL4, Offset the Construction Line CL2 to the right by 1.0" and again Offset CL2 to the right by 8".
•
Create Ellipse E2 with the center located at the intersection of CL1 and CL3. For the axis distance, refer to the given dimensions below.
•
Create a faucet similar to the one shown below. The exact size and dimension of the geometry are user-specified. However, faucet geometry should be symmetrical.
•
Trim the geometry as shown below and Erase all remaining Construction Lines.
11. Create a Toilet using the following instructions: •
Create a horizontal Construction Line, CL1 and a vertical Construction Line, CL2 at user-specified locations as shown on the next page.
•
Offset CL1 in both directions (Up and Down) by 9" as shown on the next page.
Chapter One
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•
Offset CL2 to the right by 10.5" and again Offset CL2 to the right by 18.5" as shown below.
•
Create an Ellipse (Center option) at the intersection of CL1 and CL2 using the given dimensions.
•
Apply a Fillet with a Radius of 1" to the intersections of the Construction Lines to form the rectangular shape as shown below.
20
•
Offset CL1 to both sides by 4".
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Offset CL2 to the right by 9.5" as shown below.
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Create two Fillets with 5" radius between the ellipse and the two horizontally offset Construction Lines, as shown below.
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Trim and Erase the geometry as necessary to result in the Toilet symbol shown below.
•
Save your All Symbols _ _ _.dwg and remain in the Drawing.
Chapter One
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12. Create a Window symbol using the following instructions: •
Create a Rectangle with a Length of 6'5" and a Width of 6" at a userspecified location.
•
Explode the Rectangle. {The Rectangle is converted to 4 separate lines.}
•
Using the given dimensions, Offset the line L1 up by 2.5" and again Offset L1 up by 3.5". Also Offset Line L2 a total of 4 times using the given dimensions below.
•
Trim the geometry to result in the window symbol shown below.
13. Create the Cubicle symbol shown below using the given dimensions. A reasonable approach would be to start with a 17'-1" x 8'-5" rectangle at a userspecified location. Explode the rectangle and use the Trim and Offset tools as necessary.
22
14. Create the right-swing Door symbol at a user-specified location, using the given dimensions. The Center of the Arc is shown by the dot of figure below.
•
Mirror the right-swing door symbol about a vertical axis, thus creating a left-swing door symbol as shown below. The exact location of Object is user-specified.
15. Zoom All and use the Move Command to reposition the nine symbols as necessary to result in the arrangement shown below. The exact position of each symbol is user-specified. However, all symbols should fall within the designated Limits area. Do not label Objects.
16. Save the All Symbols _ _ _Drawing file and remain in the Drawing.
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17. Make a Block of the Desk by doing the following: •
From the Draw toolbar, select the Make Block tool. {The Block Definition dialog box appears as shown below.}
•
For the Block name, enter Desk.
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In the Objects area, make sure that the Retain button is toggled to On.
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In the Objects area, select the Select Objects button.
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Select the Desk geometry (the original rectangle) and then ENTER {The Block definition dialog box appears again.}
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In the Base point area, select the Pick point button.
Note: Using the Retain option will make sure that the original geometry (used to create a Block symbol) is not converted to a Block and that only those inserted from this point on are actual Block symbols. This leaves the original geometry intact and editable.
24
•
For the Desk base point, select point P1 as shown below by the dot. {The Block definition dialog box appears.}
•
Select OK. {The Desk Block is created and the Block definition dialog box is closed.}
18. Use the above procedure to create the remaining eight Blocks by using the names Chair, CompDesk, Sink, Toilet, Window, Cubicle, DoorRS, and DoorLS, knowing that the base point of Blocks are given by the dots labeled as P1-P9. Note that these symbols will be addressed and utilized in later chapters.
•
Once the nine Blocks are created, they are to be tested. From the Draw toolbar, use the Insert tool to insert each Block at a user-specified location. Due to space limitation, you may put Blocks outside of your limits momentarily. In the event that any Block is in error and needs to be Redefined, if necessary, use the Explode tool to explode the symbol first and then repeat the process properly to make a Block of the symbol.
Chapter One •
25
Once all the Blocks are proven to be valid (both in geometry and base point location), erase all recently inserted Blocks while keeping the original geometry on the screen.
Note: An efficient method of having global access to a Block symbol is by means of WBlocking (writing a Block to a file). With this technique, each Block can be written to a file and then inserted into any Drawing from one central location. 19. WBlock the Desk by doing the following: •
At the Command Prompt, type W (for WBlock) and then ENTER.
•
In the Write Block dialog box, in the Source section, toggle Block as your source and use the drop-down menu to select Desk from the list of Block names.
•
In the Destination section, select the [...] button (as shown below by the pointer) and use the Save in drop-down to make sure to assign the File name and path to your Symbols folder.
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Double-click on the Symbols folder {The Save in drop-down reads Symbols.}
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Make sure that the File name reads Desk.dwg as shown below.
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Select OK.
26
20. Repeat this process to WBlock the Chair, CompDesk, Sink, Toilet, Window, Cubicle, DoorRS, and DoorLS using their respective file names, while saving them to your Symbols folder. Remember that the Block names can be selected from the drop down list.
Note: Your All Symbols _ _ _ Drawing is not an assignment. Although it will be addressed again in this chapter, plotting is not required. 21. Save and Close the All Symbols _ _ _ Drawing. 22. Exit AutoCAD.
Chapter One
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Office Layout 1. Launch AutoCAD and begin a new blank Drawing. Make sure to be using the AutoCAD Classic Workspce. 2. Set Units to Architectural with Precision set to 1/16". 3. Set Limits to 0,0 and 84',56' and then Zoom all. 4. Create a rectangular border at the boundary of your limits. 5. To create the office layout, do the following: •
To construct the exterior wall perimeter, create a Rectangle having the dimensions of 72' x 43' with the lower left corner located at 6',6'.
•
Select Chamfer from the Modify toolbar.
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Set both Chamfer distances to 16' and Chamfer the upper right corner of the office as shown below. {A 45 degree Chamfer is created.}
•
Offset the chamfered rectangle to the inside by 6" as shown below.
•
Explode the two Objects. {The Rectangle / Polylines convert to lines.}
28 •
Use the given dimensions and your knowledge of the Offset and Trim tools to construct the restroom area in the lower right corner of the office. Do not Dimension the Drawing.
•
Create the door and window openings using the given dimensions. Note that the Chamfered wall is at 45 degrees.
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•
Zoom all.
•
Save the Drawing to your Review_Material folder as Office Plan _ _ _.dwg where the three blanks are your initials.
Note: The first time you insert a particular WBlock file into a Drawing, you need to use the Browse button to locate the file properly. Once the Block is inserted into the Drawing, it is then local to that Drawing and can be selected for insertion from the dropdown Name list of the Insert dialog box. Also note that once a Block is inserted, you can copy the Block to multiple locations using the Copy Command. Each copied Object is also a Block. Using a Symbol library 6. Insert Blocks by doing the following: •
From the Draw toolbar, select the Insert Tool.
•
As the Insert dialog box appears, select the Browse button.
30
•
Use the Look in drop-down menu to locate your My_CAD_Folder and then the Symbols folder. {All WBlock files are listed as shown below.}
•
From the Symbols folder located in your My_CAD_Folder, Insert one copy of each Block --Window, DoorRS, DoorLS, Toilet, Sink and the Cubicle -- somewhere in the Drawing area. As you insert each Block, make sure that the Explode button is toggled to Off (unselected).
•
Make sure that in the Settings area, the Allow exploding is toggled to On.
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Select OK.
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•
Move and Copy the Blocks as necessary to result in the diagram shown below. Note that other than the Toilets and Sinks, the final positions of all other symbols are exact. For the arrangement of the sixteen cubicles, you may use the rectangular array Command, knowing the given dimensions.
•
Zoom All and make sure that your Drawing matches that shown above.
•
Save the Office Plan _ _ _.dwg Drawing again using the same name and folder location as before.
•
Close the Office Plan _ _ _.dwg Drawing.
32 Note: You are about to create a Drawing that contains the South and West Elevation views of the office. The Drawing shown below is a simplified representation of the Elevations and will be used later in the book to demonstrate Sheet Sets. 7. Create the Office Elevation Views by doing the following: •
Select File, New, and then use the acad.dwt to begin a new Drawing.
•
Set Units to Architectural with a Precision of to 1/2".
•
Set Limits to 0',0' and 120',80'.
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Use the given dimensions to create the two Elevations of the Office. Do not Label or Dimension the views. Exact locations for the two Views are user-specified.
•
Save AS the Drawing as Office Elevation _ _ _.dwg Drawing to your Review_Material folder.
Note: Although the Office Elevation _ _ _ Drawing is not an assignment, it will be addressed again in the book. Plotting is not required. •
Close the Drawing.
Chapter One
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8. Add Furniture to the Office using these given instructions: •
Open your Office Plan _ _ _.dwg Drawing.
•
Zoom into the 16-cubicle area as necessary.
•
Insert 9 copies of the Desk Block in the proper locations and orientations (having 0, 90, and 270 degree rotation as needed) as shown below.
•
Insert the CompDesk Blocks (7 copies) and the Chair Blocks (16 copies) in their proper location and orientation as shown below.
•
Save AS the Drawing as Office with Furniture_ _ _ Drawing to your Review_Material folder.
34
Redefining Blocks Knowing that in a design environment, change is inevitable, and that Drawings and symbols are revised frequently, AutoCAD allows for simple and practical editing of Blocks. The editing of a Block is referred to as Redefining a Block. 1. Redefine a Block by doing the following: •
Open the My_Symbols_Library _ _ _.dwg Drawing file from your Symbols folder.
•
Make the following modifications to the Desk symbol: Fillet the corners of the Desk using a Radius of 2”.In the case of a rectangle, you can use the Polyline option of the Fillet Command to Fillet all 4 corners in one selection. In the upper left corner of the Desk, 6" from the edge, create a Circle having a Radius of 1.5". Offset the Circle to the inside by 0.25”. Mirror the two Circles about the center of the desk vertically, as shown below.
Chapter One •
35
Make the following modifications to the copy of the Chair: Fillet the corners of the seat using a Radius of 4”. Fillet the corners of the arms and back using a Radius of 0.75”.
Make the following modifications to the copy of the Computer Desk: Construct Line L2 from the corner of symbol to midpoint of L1. Offset L2 to both sides through corners of the desk, thus creating L3 and L4 as shown below. Offset L3 and L4 to the outside (away from the center) by 1”. To create Line L5, Offset Line L1 Through the intersection as shown below.
36 Trim the geometry and Erase all remaining construction lines as shown below.
Use the Multiple option of the Fillet Command to Fillet corners of Computer Desk using a Radius of 2”.
•
Select the Make Block tool from the Draw toolbar. {The Block definition dialog box appears.}
•
From the drop-down list of names, select Desk.
•
Select the Select Object button and then select the revised Desk geometry and for the Insertion base point use the intersection of the two edges (Int option) of the desk as shown by the dot below.
Chapter One
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•
Select OK. {You are informed that the Desk is already defined, and are given the option to redefine the Block.}
•
Select Yes.
•
Similarly, redefine the Chair and CompDesk using the diagram below. Keep in mind that the insertion points of these new symbols must remain consistent with those of the old symbols as shown below by the dots.
Note: Once the Desk, Chair, and Computer Desk Blocks are revised and updated, you also have to update the WBlock files. •
At the Command line, type W (for Wblock) and then ENTER. {The Write Block dialog box appears.}
•
In the Source area, select Block and use the drop-down to select Desk from the list.
•
In the Destination area, make sure that the path is set to your My_CAD_Folder\Symbols\Desk.dwg and then select OK. {You are informed that the file already exists and are given the option to replace the file.}
•
Select Yes.
•
Repeat the WBlock process for the Chair and the Computer Desk.
•
Zoom All.
•
Save and Close the All Symbols _ _ _.dwg file.
38 In this exercise, you will incorporate the updated symbols into the Office Drawing. As demonstrated in this assignment, the first time a Block is Inserted, the WBlock file will be used. Once the Block is Inserted into the Drawing, it resides in the Drawing and can be addressed locally. Finally, the Drawing will be plotted using a newly created Layout by means of a Template. •
Open the Office with Furniture_ _ _ Drawing.
•
From the Draw toolbar, select the Insert Block tool. {The Insert dialog box appears.}
•
Click on the Browse button.
•
From the list of Drawing files, select Desk.dwg and then select Open and then OK. {The Dialog box appears, informing you that the Block is already defined and gives you the option to update Block definition.}
•
Select Yes. {Desk symbol drags on the screen.}
•
Insert a copy of Desk at a user-specified location. {All desks are updated.}
•
Erase the just inserted Desk Block.
Chapter One
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•
Repeat the same process for a Chair symbol. {All chairs are updated.}
•
Finally, update the CompDesk symbol using the same procedure. The Drawing should appear as shown below.
•
Erase the 84' x 56' border rectangle since it is no longer needed.
•
Save the Office with Furniture_ _ _Drawing
Note: It is important to recognize that the Office Layout Drawing did not automatically update to the new WBlock files and that for the updates to take place, each new Block had to be inserted manually. Later in the book, you will learn to automate this process using External References.
40
Create Layout from Template 1. Load and dock the Layouts toolbar. You can do this by right-clicking on any tool and then selecting Layouts from the list.
2. Create a Layout tab using a Template by doing the following: •
In the Layouts toolbar, select the Layout from Template button. {The Select Template from File dialog box will appear.}
•
In the Select Template dialog box, select the Views dropdown menu located in the upper right corner, and then select List. If the List button is shown in gray, then it is already selected and the files are listed.
•
From your Main Folder and then Templates, select the My Template Paper Space A size _ _ _ Template and then select Open. This template was created in the earlier portion of this chapter.
•
As the Insert Layout(s) dialog box appears, select Layout1 and then click OK. {A new tab appears to the right of the Layout1 and Layout2 tabs.}
•
Right-click the "Layout3-Layout1" tab and from the shortcut menu list of options select Rename. {The Rename Layout dialog box appears.}
•
Enter the name Office Plan and then click OK. {The tab is renamed as Office Plan.}
•
Right-click on the Layout1 tab and from the shortcut menu list of options, select Delete and then OK. {The Layout1 tab is deleted.}
•
Repeat the same process for the Layout2 tab. {Layout2 tab is deleted, leaving you with only the Model and Office Plan tabs as shown below.}
•
Select the Office Plan tab as shown below.
Chapter One
•
41
Switch to Model Space within the current Layout by clicking on the Paper/Model Toggle button in the Status Line. {The Status Line will read Model and a thick line will appear defining the border of the Viewport as shown below.}
3. Zoom Extends. {The Office Layout displays in the Viewport area.}
4. Save the Office with Furniture_ _ _Drawing. 5. Exit AutoCAD.
43
Assignment 1 1. Launch AutoCAD and Open your Office with Furniture _ _ _ Drawing. 2. Make sure to be in the Model Space of the Office Design Layout. 3. From the Viewports toolbar, use the Scale drop-down menu to select a scale of 1/8"=1'-0"and then Pan (not Zoom) to center the Drawing. 4. Use the Status Line to switch to Paper Space. 5. Double-click in the Text area of the title box and Edit the Text to reflect a scale of 1/8"=1'-0". 6. Exit the Text Command by pressing ENTER twice. 7. Save the Office with Furniture_ _ _Drawing. 8. Plot the Office Plan Layout using given settings.
9. Check to make sure that your Plot matches the next page. 10. Close the Viewports toolbar. 11. Exit AutoCAD.
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Chapter One
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