ADNOC-COPV1!05!2006 (Ver-3) - Guideline on HSE Definitions & Abbreviations

ABU DHABI NATIONAL OIL COMPANY

HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANUAL OF CODES OF PRACTICE VOLUME 1 : HSE ADMINISTRATION

GUIDELINE ON HSE DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONS ADNOC-COPV1-05

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RECORD OF REVISION Revision No.

Date

Section / Page

Reason

Version 2

February 2006

Variety of pages and definitions

Minor modifications to some definitions with a view to other Codes of Practice documents that are being finalised.

Copyright The copyright and all other rights of a like nature in this document are vested in Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. This document is issued as part of the Manual of HSE Codes of Practice (the “Manual”) and as guidance to ADNOC, ADNOC Group Companies and independent operators engaged in the Abu Dhabi oil & gas industries. Any of these parties may give copies of the entire Manual or selected parts thereof to their contractors implementing HSE standards in order to qualify for award of contracts or for the execution of awarded contracts. Such copies should carry a statement that they are reproduced by permission of ADNOC, and an explanatory note on the manner in which the Manual is to be used. Disclaimer No liability whatsoever in contract, tort or otherwise is accepted by ADNOC or any of its Group Companies, their respective shareholders, directors, officers and employees whether or not involved in the preparation of the Manual for any consequences whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from reliance on or from the use of the Manual or for any error or omission therein even if such error or omission is caused by a failure to exercise reasonable care.

All administrative queries should be directed to the Manual of HSE Codes of Practice Administrator in:

Environment Health & Safety Division, Supreme Petroleum Council, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, P.O. Box : 898, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Telephone : (9712) 6023782 Fax: (9712) 6668089 Internet site: www.adnoc.com E-mail: [email protected]

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PURPOSE ................................................................................................................. 4 A ................................................................................................................................ 5 B .............................................................................................................................. 10 C .............................................................................................................................. 13 D .............................................................................................................................. 20 E .............................................................................................................................. 25 F .............................................................................................................................. 32 G.............................................................................................................................. 36 H .............................................................................................................................. 38 I................................................................................................................................ 44 J............................................................................................................................... 49 K .............................................................................................................................. 49 L .............................................................................................................................. 49 M.............................................................................................................................. 53 N .............................................................................................................................. 59 O.............................................................................................................................. 61 P .............................................................................................................................. 64 Q.............................................................................................................................. 69 R .............................................................................................................................. 69 S .............................................................................................................................. 76 T .............................................................................................................................. 82 U .............................................................................................................................. 86 V .............................................................................................................................. 87 W ............................................................................................................................. 88 X .............................................................................................................................. 90

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PURPOSE The purpose of these Guidelines is to provide a single reference document for all definitions and abbreviations as pertaining to ADNOC HSE management. At any future time, as draft Codes of Practice documents are finalised or approved Codes of Practice revised, minor discrepancies may occur between the definitions in individual documents and the definitions listed in this document. Such discrepancies have temporary nature and will be rectified as a matter of priority during the regular reviews of this document.

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A ABLJ Adjustable Buoyancy Life Jacket. Absence Day Every calendar day of absence according to the definition of Total Sickness Absence, in which: − Beginning of Absence is the first day of absence or day on which work is stopped during working time. When work is stopped and resumed during the same or next working day/shift it does not count as absence. A short visit to dentist, doctor, hospital etc., does not count as absence. − End of Absence is when the employee: a) resumes work partly or completely; b) dies; c) leaves the company (pension, severance, dismissal). Absence of employees working part-time is counted as full absence days. Absorbed dose See Dose. Absorption The process by which radiation imparts some or all of its energy to any material through which it passes. Acceptance criteria Expresses the level of health, safety and/or environmental performance deemed acceptable for a given period or phase of activities. They may be defined both in quantitative and qualitative terms. Accident See incident. Within the ADNOC Group it has been agreed that the term accident is synonymous with incident. Accidents involving Third Parties Any fatality, injury, permanent disabilities to third parties caused by any accident involving company/contractor assets or personnel in the process of conducting company business. This includes death and/or injury caused by process mishaps e.g. accidental release of toxic gas. Acclimatised Acclimatisation is a set of physiological adaptations. Full-heat acclimatisation requires up to 3 weeks of continued physical activity under heat stress conditions similar to those anticipated for the work. Accreditation Audits Audits to verify that ‘state of health’ warrants initial or continued accreditation. Accreditation Audits are conducted by person(s) appointed by the accreditation organisation (e.g. ISO 9000/14000, EMAS, ISM Code).

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ACDE Association of Commercial Diving Educators (US). ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; the professional organisation that recommends Occupational Exposure Limits for a wide range of agents. It also provides recommended good practice in the field of occupational and environmental hygiene. Active Failure A failure of equipment or procedure that has immediate consequences with potential for harm to people, the environment or property. See also "Latent Failure". Activity General term referring to industrial operations on a site covered by IPPC. Activity Specification Sheet The documentation of activity that outlines the hazard management objectives when undertaking the activity, the methods used to achieve the objectives, the business controls used to ensure achievement of the objectives and the person accountable for achievement of the objectives. Activity (Symbol A) Attribute of an amount of a radionuclide (also called Radioactivity or Strength). Describes the rate at which nuclear transformations occur in it. Unit becquerel, symbol Bq. 1 Bq = 1 transformation per second. (Pre-SI unit curie, symbol Ci. 1 Ci = 3.7x1010 Bq). Acute Health Effects Acute health effects are those which occur suddenly and in a short time (seconds to hours) following exposure, generally to higher levels or concentrations of a health hazard. An acute exposure runs a comparatively short course. ADC American Diving Contractors. ADESCO Abu Dhabi Emergency Support Committee Of Offshore Operators. ADNOC Abu Dhabi National Oil Company. ADNOC (or Group Companies) Project Manager Individual appointed by ADNOC (or Group Companies) to manage and coordinate all parties involved in a construction project. AFFF Aqueous Film Forming Foam.

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Affiliated Company or Affiliates Those Abu Dhabi based companies engaged in the petroleum or petroleum services business with direct line accountability to the Supreme Petroleum Council. For the purposes of this Manual, where the term ‘Group Companies’ is used this includes the Affiliated Companies. Agents Hazardous to Health See 'Health Hazard'. AGG ADNOC Group Guideline. AGM Assistant General Manager. AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association. AIP Aeronautical Information Publication (UAE). Air Cleaning An indoor air quality control strategy to remove various airborne particulates and/or gases from the air. Aircraft Incident Incidents involving all types of aircraft, fixed wing (jet, turboprop, piston), helicopter (turbine, piston) or joint operations, owned or operated on behalf of company and under company direct control of under company contract terms i.e. the contract supervisor. This should include air transport for purposes of passenger, freight, MedEvac. ALARP See "As Low As Reasonably Practicable". Alpha particle (Symbol α, [α-radiation]) A particle consisting of two protons plus two neutrons. Emitted by a radionuclide. Anaemia Deficiency of blood as a whole, or deficiency in the number of the red cells or of the haemoglobin. Analysis A form of measurement, used to obtain quantitative information about the intensive properties (such as concentration of a specific pollutant) of a sample. Annual Limit on Intake (ALI) The amount of activity of a radionuclide, when ingested or inhaled, which leads to an effective dose of 20 mSv/a. Unit becquerel, symbol Bq.

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ANSI American National Standards Institute. AODC Association of Offshore Diving Contractors (Now IMCA). API American Petroleum Institute. AQUA Analytical Quality Assurance Scheme (UK - HSE). Area Authority A person designated as responsible for any task, job, work, or operation in a specific area. It is also the person, team, department, business unit, or company responsible for the overall operation or management of any task, job, work, or operation. ARPA Automatic radar plotting apparatus. As Low As Reasonably Practicable Means to reduce a risk to a level which is as low as reasonably practicable and involves balancing reduction in risk against the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of achieving it. This level represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures becomes unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. Assessment (or evaluation) The process of analysing and evaluating hazards. It involves both causal and consequence analysis and requires determination of likelihood and risk. Assessment Team A group of people selected to carry out Health Risk Assessments within an Assessment Unit. Assessment Team Leader The line manager, or his representative, responsible for co-ordinating the activities of the Assessment Team. Assessment Unit A unit comprising a complete operational site, a self-contained segment of a large or complex site, or a group supporting a single business process, so defined as to assist in the management of OHRA within an organisation. Asset A company possession having value which is used to generate revenue. In context of HSE management asset normally means hardware e.g. vessels, pipes, buildings. In more general context asset is also used in context of software e.g. useful quality, skills, expertise (or persons).

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Assumed Protection Values The mean attenuation minus standard deviation at each octave band found for a piece of hearing protective equipment (in dB). Assurance All activities necessary to make sure that a HSE-critical equipment system (HSECES) is suitable, has the desired integrity and will continue to perform its function. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials . Atom The smallest portion of an element that can combine chemically with other atoms. Atomic Number (Symbol Z.) The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Attenuation The process by which a beam of radiation is reduced in intensity when passing through some material. It is the combination of absorption and scattering processes and leads to a decrease in flux density of the beam when projected through matter. Also called: Transmission. Audiometry The measurement of an individual's hearing acuity using an audiometer. Audit (HSE) Independent, systematic and documented process of objectively obtaining and evaluating verifiable evidence to determine that HSE controls: - are complete and consistent, - are (cost-)effective and efficient, - safeguard the company’s resources and promote their effective use, − provide, and protect the integrity of, required records and information, − allow for compliance with policies, chosen standards, laws and regulations, Audits are an integral component of any assurance process, be it HSE, financial or any other business context. Auditee The party that is subjected to audits. Refer to definition Audit. Group Company management may appoint a Principal Auditee, that is a person who will accept the audit results on behalf of the Group Company. Auditor The organisation or person that performs audits. Refer to definition Audit.

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Audit Plan. The time-based schedule to conduct audit activities. An Audit Plan typically covers a 3-5 year period and details: − what is to audited, − when the audits are to take place, − who will conduct the audits i.e. internally or externally-led, team compositions, etc. Audit Programme. The combination of activities to achieve the Audit Plan, including the preparation of an audit plan, auditor training and the management of audit procedures. Authorised Electrical Person An Authorised Electrical Person is an Appointed Person over 21 years of age and must have clearly demonstrated that he has sufficient electrical technical knowledge, training and experience to carry out duties under the authority of the Electrical Safety Rules. Availability The likelihood that a HSECES will perform its function on demand or when called upon to do so. Available techniques In the context of BAT, those techniques developed on a scale which allows implementation in an industrial sector, under economically and technically viable conditions, taking into consideration the cost and advantages. Aviation Incidents Incidents involving any work related air transport involving fixed wing and helicopter flying. Work related air transport includes flying to and from company business abroad.

B Badge (Film -) A pack of photographic film which measures radiation exposure for personnel monitoring. The badge may contain two or three films of differing sensitivity and filters to shield parts of the film from certain types of radiation. Badge (Thermoluminescence -) A badge constructed from material which, having been irradiated, releases light in proportion to the radiation absorbed when subsequently heated. Barrier A measure which reduces the probability of realising a hazards potential for harm and of reducing its consequence. Barriers may be physical, (materials, protective devices shields, segregation, etc) or non-physical (procedures, inspection, training, drills).

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Basel Convention 1989 UN Basel Convention on the control of Transboundary movements of hazardous waste and their disposal. Provides the framework for the global system of control on international movements of hazardous waste. Baseline (Measurement) Survey Quantified personal exposure data obtained to compare against the relevant Occupational Exposure Limit(s). Baseline conditions A description of the environmental setting in which a project is to be developed e.g. nature of terrain/ landscape, location of populated areas, ecological resources, agriculture, air quality and noise etc. BACT Best Available Control Technology – see BAT. BAT Best Available Techniques - the most effective and advanced stage in the development of activities and their methods of operation which indicates the practical suitability of particular techniques for providing in principle the basis for emission limit values (ELVs) designed to prevent, and where that is not practicable, generally to reduce emissions and the impact on the environment as a whole. BATNEEC Best Available Techniques Not Entailing Excessive Cost. Former term used in Integrated Pollution Control (IPC), the forerunner to IPPC. Now superseded by BAT. Bbl Barrel. Becquerel (Symbol Bq) The SI unit of activity. One becquerel equals one nuclear transformation per second. 1 Bq = 2.7´10-11 Ci. Behaviour Any observable act or failure to act, (both deliberate and accidental) that people can perform, including physical actions (e.g. climbing a ladder) and speech (giving instructions). BEIR A sub-committee of the US National Academy of Sciences studying the Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation. Best Practice Systems, procedures, controls or operations as a whole which, when compared with similar issues in other parts of the ADNOC and its Group Companies, are identified as achieving exemplary results.

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Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) BPEO is the outcome of a systematic and consultative decision-making process which emphasis the protection and conservation of the environment across land, air and water. The BPEO procedure establishes, for a given set of objectives, the option that provides the most benefits or the least damage to the environment as a whole, at acceptable cost, in the long term as well as short term. Best Practice Bulletins A medium for disseminating examples of good HSE performance as found within the ADNOC the Group and also outside. Beta particle (Symbol β, [β-radiation]) An electron (β-) emitted by the nucleus of a radionuclide. The electric charge may be positive, in which case the beta particle is called a positron (β+). Bioaccumulate Term used to describe the process of concentration of a chemical substance in biological tissue, relative the concentration in the environment. Biological Agents Any micro-organism, cell-culture or human endoparasite, including any which have been genetically modified, which may cause any infection, allergy, toxicity or otherwise create a hazard to human health. Biological Contaminants Agents derived from or that are living organisms (e.g., viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens) that can be inhaled and can cause many types of health effects including allergic reactions, respiratory disorders, hypersensitivity diseases, and infectious diseases. Biological Effect Monitoring Biological effect monitoring is the measurement of a reversible biochemical change caused by the absorption of the substance; the degree of change being below that associated with toxic injury and not associated with a known, irreversible pathological effect. Biological Exposure Index Exposure limit for hazardous substance or metabolite measured through biological monitoring. Biological Monitoring Biological monitoring involves the measurement of a hazardous substance or its metabolites* in body fluids, usually blood, urine or exhaled breath. * A metabolite of a substance is either a breakdown product or modified (more soluble) form suitable for excretion by the kidney into urine or by the liver into the intestine.

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Biostatistics and Epidemiology Disciplines in the study of the distribution and determinants of disease and other health-related states in human populations. BLEVE A boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion is typically the result of fire engulfing a pressure vessel containing volatile flammable liquid. When the vessel fails the remaining contents burn in an intense fireball. Bloodborne pathogen Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in other humans. BOD Biological Oxygen Demand. BOHS British Occupational Hygiene Society. ‘Bow-tie’ Diagram A pictorial representation of how a hazard can be hypothetically released and further developed into a number of consequences. The left hand side of the diagram is constructed from the fault tree (causal) analysis and involves those threats associated with the hazard, the controls associated with each threat and any factors that escalate likelihood. The right hand side of the diagram is constructed from the hazard event tree (consequence) analysis and involves escalation factors and recovery preparedness measures. The centre of the bow tie is commonly referred to as the ‘top event’. BPEO Best Practice Environmental Option. Branch Highest level of ICS resource organisation within a Section. BREF Notes Guidance documents on BAT produced by the European Commission. BS British Standard. BSAC British Sub Aqua Club. Building Envelope Elements of the building, including all external building materials, windows, and walls, that enclose the internal space.

C CAAP Civil Aviation Advisory Publication (UAE).

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Carcinogen A substance either known to cause cancer or classified as having a high probability of causing cancer, that is classified by IARC as Category 1 or Category 2. The ACGIH TLV committee classifies as ‘human carcinogen’ or ‘suspected human carcinogen’. Cargo Transport Unit (CTU) A road freight vehicle, road tank vehicle, railway freight wagon, railway tank wagon, freight container, or portable tank used for the carriage of goods. Cataract A clouding of the lens of the eye which obstructs the passage of light. Causal Analysis The process of determining potential combinations of circumstances leading to a top event. CCME American Society for Testing and Materials. CEFIC Conseil Europeen de L’Industrie Chimique (European Council of Chemical Manufacturers’ Federations). CEN Comite Europeen de Normalisation (European Union). CEN Comite Europeen Standardisation).

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CEO Chief Executive Officer. CFC Chloro Fluoro Carbons. CFR Code of Federal Regulations (USA). Characterisation Level The following 3-level system of characterisation (information) must be used for all discharges: Level I:

Identify source(s) of discharge and describe composition.

Level II: Identify source(s) of discharge; give composition of discharge and total discharge rate (average and/or range). Level III: Identify source(s) of discharge; give total discharge rate (average and/or range), concentration(s) of pollutant(s) and pollutant discharge rate(s).

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Chemical Agent Chemical is a substance with a distinct molecular composition that is produced by or used in a chemical process. Chemical agent is a chemical substance that, when exposed to, causes a deleterious effect (harm) on the health of the worker. For example, irritants, carcinogens, systemic poison, sensitisers. They may be present in the working environment as gases, vapours, mists/aerosols, fumes, dusts, liquids or solids. Chromosomes Rod-shaped bodies found in the nucleus of every body cell. They contain the genes, or hereditary elements. Human beings possess 23 pairs. Chronic Health Effects Chronic health effects are those which occur gradually over a long period of time following repeated and prolonged exposure to relatively low levels or concentrations of a hazardous agent. In certain cases, a short term exposure may result in a chronic health effect. Chronic release The continuous or ongoing release of a discharge, emission or exposure. Class I Tool An electric tool in which protection against electric shock does not rely on basic insulation only, but which includes an additional safety precaution in such a way that means are provided for the connection of accessible conductive parts to the protective (earthing) conductor in the fixed wiring of the installation in such a way that accessible conductive parts cannot become live in the event of failure of the basic insulation. (Refer IEC 745-1). Class II Tool A tool in which protection against electric shock does not rely on basic insulation only, but in which additional safety precautions, such as double insulation or reinforced insulation, are provided, there being no provision for protective earthing or reliance upon installation conditions. (Refer IEC 745-1). Class III Tool A tool in which protection against electric shock relies on supply at safety extra low voltage (SELV) and in which voltages higher than those of SELV are not generated. (Refer IEC 745-1). Classification of Hazardous Areas In industry, with the exception of mining, areas that are hazardous, so far as flammable gases and vapours are concerned, are classified according to the probability of occurrence of explosive concentrations of gas or vapour. These classifications, called zones, are as follows: Zone 0 is a zone in which a flammable atmosphere is continuously present or for long periods.

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Zone 1 is a zone in which a flammable atmosphere is likely to occur in normal working. Zone 2 is a zone in which a flammable atmosphere is unlikely to occur except under abnormal conditions and then only for a short time. The particular zone determines the types of protection required for electrical equipment in use in that zone although ideally, the prime method of protection should be to exclude electrical apparatus from any hazardous area. Clinical Waste Waste arising from medical, dental, pharmaceutical or similar sources, which may present risks of infection. CMAS Confederation Mondiale de activities Subaquatique (World Underwater Federation). COD Chemical Oxygen Demand. Codes of Practice (CoP) High level ‘standard setting’ documents which, in effect, set out a series of principles that must be incorporated in Group Company systems and procedures. ADNOC Group Companies must demonstrate that they meet the requirements of the HSE CoPs either by showing that they have the necessary systems and procedures in place and/or by preparing additional systems and procedures to address identified ‘gaps’. It is the responsibility of Group Companies to prepare their own detailed systems and procedures as part of their HSEMS. Cognitive Ergonomics Cognitive ergonomics is concerned with mental processes, such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system. (Relevant topics include mental workload, decision-making, skilled performance, humancomputer interaction, human reliability, work stress and training as these may relate to human-system design). COLREGs Convention On The International Regulations For Preventing Collision At Sea [1]. An IMO convention. COMAH Control of Major Accident Hazards. COMAH Report The Control Of Major Accident Hazards Report is a report compiled by a major hazard site operator and submitted to ADNOC, as part of the HSEIA process, that demonstrates that the site operator has taken all steps necessary to prevent major accidents and to reduce their consequences.

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It is a facility or operation-specific demonstration of the HSE Management System in action, documenting that risks have been, or will be, reduced to ‘acceptable’ or ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ (ALARP) as defined in the ADNOC Group Guidelines on HSE Risk Management. Commercial Waste Waste arising from premises used wholly or mainly for trade, business, sport, recreation or entertainment, excluding municipal and industrial waste. Company An organisation engaged, as principal or contractor, directly or indirectly, in the exploration for and production of oil and/or gas. For bodies or establishments with more than one site, a single site may be defined as a company. Company Medical Adviser A nominated diving medical specialist appointed by a diving contractor to provide specialist advice. Company Reputation How the company’s activities, actions, and performance are measured, judged, or perceived internally, and externally, by all parties and the public. This applies to local, national, and worldwide reputation. Competence The ability to perform a particular job in compliance with performance standards. Will usually require the necessary blend of skills, training and experience. Competent Having adequate and sufficient training or experience (or a combination of both) to be capable of carrying out a task safely and efficiently. Competent Electrical Person A Competent Electrical Person is an Appointed Person who has clearly demonstrated that he has sufficient knowledge, training and experience to avoid danger from live electrical equipment and to carry out duties under the authority of the Electrical Safety Rules. Competent Person Someone with the specialist knowledge, training, experience and abilities to carry out defined work. Composition A qualitative description of the components of a discharge. Composting An aerobic, biological process in which organic wastes, such as kitchen or agricultural waste, are converted into a stable granular material which can be applied to land to improve soil structure and enrich nutrient content.

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Compression Chamber (DDC) A pressure vessel for human occupancy which does not go under water. Also called recompression chamber, decompression chamber or deck chamber. CONCAWE The Oil Companies’ European Organisation for Environmental and Health Protection. Concentration A quantitative description, based on estimation, calculation or measurement, of the components of a discharge [when both of them are known, concentration and total discharge rate can be multiplied to give the pollutant discharge rate (or “loading”) of a pollutant]. Confined Space An enclosed or substantially enclosed volume where there is a reasonably foreseeable risk of serious injury to personnel entering the volume from hazardous substances or conditions within the volume or nearby. (See Section 3.1 for examples). Consequence Analysis The study of the possible extent of harmful effects of potential incidents, e.g. calculation of the size of the flammable region of a vapour cloud following a spill. Consequences Adverse effects or harm which cause the quality of human health or the environment to be impaired. Consignor Alternative term for shipper. Construction and Demolition Waste Waste arising from construction, repair, maintenance and demolition of buildings and structures. Can sometimes contain hazardous wastes such as asbestos. Contamination The introduction or occurrence of any biological or chemical agent, foreign matter, or other substances not intentionally added to food which may compromise food safety or suitability. Contamination (Radioactive -) Deposition of radioactive material in any place where it is not desired particularly where its presence may be harmful. The harm may be in vitiating an experiment or a procedure, or in actually being a source of danger to personnel. Continual Improvement Year-on-year enhancement of overall HSE performance, not necessarily in all areas of activity, resulting from continuous efforts to improve.

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Contract A system of operating between two or more parties. Contractor Any person or company employed under contract (irrespective of period of contract or employment). Contributing Factors Additional failures which allow the situation established by the root cause to go unchecked leading either to an incident or to an incident with more severe consequences than otherwise. These can be "active failures" but are more often "latent failures". Control See 'Hierarchy of Health Control'. Control (of hazards) The extent and/or duration of a hazardous event to prevent escalation Control Measure A measure taken to reduce exposure to a Substance Hazardous to Health. Controlled Area A defined area in which exposure to HSE risks is under the supervision of an Authorised Person. COP Code(s) of Practice. COP BPN Codes of Practice Best Practice Note. COP G/L Codes of Practice Guideline. Corporate Crisis Plan (CCP) A plan maintained by ADNOC for addressing corporate crisis issues effecting the ADNOC Group. Corporate Crisis Team (CCT) An ADNOC team responsible for managing crisis situations affecting the ADNOC Group. Cosmic rays High energy ionising radiation from outer space. Complex composition at the surface of the earth. Cost Benefit Analysis The means used to assess the relative cost and benefit of a number of risk reduction alternatives. The ranking of the risk reduction alternatives evaluated is usually shown graphically.

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Counter (Geiger-Müller -) A glass or metal envelope containing a gas at low pressure and two electrodes. Ionising radiation causes discharges, which are registered as electric pulses in a counter. The number of pulses is related to the dose. Counter (Proportional -) A similar device as a Geiger-Müller counting tube; the intensity of the electric pulses produced is proportional to the energy of the primary ionising particles. Counter (Scintillation -) A device containing material that emits light flashes when exposed to ionising radiation. The flashes are converted into electric pulses and counted. The number of pulses is related to dose. Critical activities Activities that have been identified by the Hazards and Effects Management Process as vital to ensure asset integrity, prevent incidents, and/or mitigate adverse HSE effects. Critical Control Point A point or procedure in a specific food system where loss of control may result in an unacceptable health risk. Crisis Management Plan (CMP) A plan maintained by each ADNOC Group Company detailing how they will respond to emergency response situations affecting their operations. Crisis Management Team (CMT). A team (at the Group Company level) responsible for providing support to an IMT responding to an emergency. Critical Limit The maximum or minimum value to which a physical, biological, or chemical parameter must be controlled at a critical control point to minimize the risk that the identified food safety hazard may occur. Cross-contamination - microbiological Transfer of pathogens from one food to another, either by direct contact or by food handlers, contact surfaces or the air. CTD Cumulative Trauma Disorders. Curie (Symbol Ci) The pre-SI unit of activity. One curie equals 3.7x1010 nuclear transformations per second. 1 Ci = 3.7x1010 Bq.

D D.M.A.C. Diving Medical Advisory Committee (part of IMCA).

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Danger The risk of injury, harm, damage, or loss. Dangerous Toxic Load The toxic load where there is a danger to the life of people. Daughter (product) Synonym for decay product. dB(A) The decibel measured on the A weighted scale. On this scale the noise level is adjusted to reflect the sensitivity of the human ear to different frequencies. DCI Decompression Illness. DDC Diving Decompression Chamber (see Compression Chamber) DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (colourless chemical used as an insecticide). Decay (Radioactive -) The process of spontaneous transformation of a radionuclide. The decrease in activity of radioactive substance. Decay constant See disintegration constant. Decay product A nuclide or radionuclide produced by decay. It may be formed directly from a radionuclide or as the result of a series of successive decays through several radionuclides (e.g. see 238U- or 232Th-decay series, attachments I and II of Section 7). Decibel (dB) This is not an absolute unit of measurement. It is a ratio between a measured quantity and an agreed reference level, expressed on a logarithmic scale. Defences All controls, barriers and recovery preparedness measures, in place to manage a hazard. Designer An organisation or individual who carries out any design work for a construction project. Detailed (Measurement) Survey Carried out if the degree and pattern of personal exposure cannot be reliably determined by a Baseline (Measurement) Survey.

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Detector (Radiation -) Any device for converting radiant energy to a form more suitable for observation. An instrument used to determine the presence, and sometimes the amount, of radiation. Deterministic effect Deterministic effects are those for which the severity of the effect varies with the dose, and for which a threshold may occur (see threshold dose). Deviation Where a process or procedure does not work as intended. Discharge (emission, effluent, waste) Any release of pollutant(s) into the environment, be it of a gaseous, liquid, or solid nature, or a combination thereof. Any discharges falls into one of three categories: 1. A discharge into the atmosphere 2. A discharge of liquid 3. Any other type of discharge, for example disposal. Discharge rate Total discharge rate: The rate at which an entire discharge enters the environment, expressed as mass or volume per unit time, for example in units of m3/hour for emissions, litre/second for effluents or kg/year for wastes. Pollutant discharge rate: The rate at which an individual specified pollutant within a discharge enters the environment, expressed (preferably) as the “mass flow rate” in units of mass per unit time, e.g. mg/second, g/hour or kg/year or, (failing that) as “volume flow rate” in units of volume per unit time e.g. litre/second, m3/year. Disinfection The reduction, by means of chemical agents and/or physical methods, of the number of microorganisms in the environment, to a level that does not compromise food safety or suitability. Disintegration (Nuclear -) A spontaneous nuclear transformation (radioactivity) characterised by the emission of energy and/or mass from the nucleus. When numbers of nuclei are involved, the process is characterised by a definite half-life. Disintegration constant (Symbol λ) The fraction of the number of atoms of a radioactive nuclide which decays in unit time as defined by the equation N = N0e-λt where N0 is the initial number of atoms present and N is the number of atoms present after some time, t. See also half-life. Disposal In relation to radioactive waste, dispersal or emplacement in any medium without the intention of retrieval.

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Dive A dive takes place when a person enters the water, a chamber, or any other environment in which he is subject to pressure greater than 100 millibars above atmospheric pressure and who in order to survive in such an environment breathes in air or other gas at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. Diver A person at work who dives (as defined above). Diving Bell A pressure vessel for human occupancy which is used to transport divers under pressure either to or from the underwater work site. Diving Contractor The company in charge of diving operations at a Group Company facility site/operation, normally the contractor company who employs the divers. If there is more than one contractor company employing divers, then there must be a written agreement as to which of these companies is the Diving Contractor i.e. the company in overall control of diving operations. Diving Medical Specialist A doctor who is competent to manage the treatment of diving accidents, including where appropriate mixed gas and saturation diving accidents. Such a doctor will have undergone specialized training and have demonstrated experience in this field. Division ICS resource group responsible for operations within a specific geographic area. DMAC Diving Medical Advisory Committee (part of IMCA). DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid. The compound that controls the structure and function of cells and is the material of inheritance. Dose A general form denoting the quantity of energy imparted by ionising radiation to unit mass of matter such as tissue. Unit gray, symbol Gy. 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogramme (J/kg). For special purposes dose must be appropriately qualified. If unqualified, it refers to absorbed dose. Dose (Absorbed -) (Symbol D) The quantity of energy imparted to matter by ionising radiation to unit mass of matter. Unit gray, Symbol Gy. 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogramme (J/kg). Dose (Collective -) Term frequently used for collective effective dose.

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Dose (Collective effective – equivalent) Term used for collective effective dose in ICRP-26 (1977, 1987), redefined in ICRP-60 (1990). Dose (Collective effective -) (Symbol S) The quantity obtained by multiplying the average effective dose by the number of persons (in a group or population) exposed to a given source of radiation. Frequently abbreviated to collective dose. Unit man sievert, symbol man Sv. Dose (Collective equivalent -) (Symbol ST ) The quantity obtained by multiplying the average equivalent dose of organ or tissue (T) by the number of persons (in a group or population) exposed to a given source of radiation. Frequently abbreviated to collective dose. Unit man Sievert, symbol man Sv. Dose (Cumulative -) The total dose resulting from repeated exposures to radiation. Unit gray, symbol Gy. Dose (Effective – equivalent) Term used for effective dose in ICRP-26 (1977, 1987), redefined in ICRP-60 (1990). Dose (Effective -) (Symbol E) The sum of the weighted equivalent doses in all organs and tissues of the body. This procedure makes it possible to compare this number with a whole-body equivalent dose. Unit sievert, symbol Sv. (E = ΣwTxHT). Dose (Equivalent -) (Symbol H or HT) The quantity obtained by multiplying the absorbed or organ dose by a factor to allow for the different effectiveness of the various ionising radiations (see radiation weighting factor wR) in causing harm to tissue (T). Unit sievert, symbol Sv. (HT = ΣR wRxDT,R, where DT,R is the organ dose due to radiation R). Dose (Organ -) (Symbol DT) The quantity of energy imparted in an organ or tissue (T) by ionising radiation to unit mass of that organ or tissue. Unit gray, Symbol Gy. 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogramme (J/kg). Dose (Threshold -) The minimum absorbed dose that will produce a detectable degree of any given deterministic effect. Dose rate (Symbol D) Absorbed dose delivered per unit of time. Unit gray per second, symbol Gy/s.

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Dosemeter Instrument to detect and measure ionising radiation. For example, a pencil-size ionisation chamber with a self reading electrometer, used for personnel monitoring. Dosimetry (photographic -) Determination of cumulative radiation dose with photographic film and density measurement. DPVOA Dynamic Position Vessel Owners Association (part of IMCA). DSE Display Screen Equipment. DSM Diving Safety Memorandum. DSV A ship or other vessel (with sufficient space) whose primary role is the support of diving operations. Duty Holder The Duty Holder for an offshore installation is the Installation Operator (or Owner in the case of a floating installation). Duty Of Care A policy which requires all persons who have responsibility for waste to ensure that it is managed properly and recovered or disposed of safely. Dynamic Positioning (DP) A system whereby external reference systems are used to maintain a vessel in a predetermined position. Normally relies on computer control and built in redundancy levels.

E EA UK Environment Agency. Ecology Term used to describe the biological community structure in an area, including presence of rare or endangered flora and fauna. Ecosystem Term used to describe the physical and biological components that make up an area. Ecotoxicity Term used to describe the property of some chemical substances released to the environment of toxicity to several biological components of an ecosystem.

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EH&S Div. Environment & Safety Division. EIA Environmental Impact Assessment. Electromagnetic spectrum Radiation that can be considered as a wave of electric and magnetic energy travelling through a vacuum or a material. Examples are X-rays, γ-rays, ultraviolet radiation, light, infrared radiation, and radiofrequency radiation. Electron An elementary particle with low mass, 1/1,836 that of the proton, and unit negative electric charge. Positively charged electrons, called positrons (symbol β+), also exist. See also beta particle. Electron volt (Symbol eV) Unit of energy employed in radiation physics. Equal to the energy gained by an electron in passing through a potential difference of 1 volt. 1 eV = 1.6x10-19 joule (J). Element A substance with atoms all of the same atomic number. ELV Emission Limit Value. The mass, concentration or level of an emission which must not be exceeded over a given time period. EMAS Environmental Management Accreditation System. Emergency Discharge An unplanned discharge classified by a Group Company as an emergency and also which has occurred, during the period of 365 days prior to the date of acquiring the information for the Inventory, for less than 10 hours on any single occasion and for a total of less than 10 hours on any single occasion and for a total of less than 100 hours during that 365 days. Emergency Response Centre (ERC) A room or series of rooms used by an IMT or CMT to facilitate the management of an emergency. Emergency Response Plan Plan detailing the response to specific incident scenarios and explaining emergency arrangements. Emission The direct or indirect release of substances, vibration, heat, or noise from an installation into air, water or land.

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Employee Any individual who carries out duties or actions specified by an employer for which the individual receives remuneration from the employer. Employment Employment means all work or activity performed in carrying out an assignment or request of ADNOC, an ADNOC Group Company or a reportable contractor, including related activities not specifically covered by the assignment or request. Employment also includes activities undertaken at the company’s request or for company business reasons, outside of normal working hours. Engineering Controls The control of exposure to a hazardous agent by the design of plant and equipment, e.g. containment, exhaust ventilation, mechanical aids. Environment Surroundings in which an organisation operates including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation. Environmental Aspect Element of the organisation’s activities, products or services that can interact with the environment. A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect that has or can have significant environmental impact. Environmental Audit Independent, systematic and documented process of objectively obtaining and evaluating verifiable evidence to determine that environmental controls: - are complete and consistent, - are (cost-)effective and efficient, - safeguard the company’s resources and promote their effective use, − provide, and protect the integrity of, required records and information, − allow for compliance with policies, chosen standards, laws and regulations, Audits are an integral component of any assurance process, be it HSE, financial or any other business context. Environmental Damage Any immediate, short, or long term negative impact on the environment. Environmental Effect A direct or indirect impingement of the activities, products and services of the company upon the environment, whether adverse or beneficial. Environmental Effects Evaluation A documented evaluation of the environmental significance of the effects of the company's activities, products and services (existing and planned).

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Environmental Health Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by interactions with physical, chemical, biological and social factors in the environment. Environmental Health Management Environmental Health management involves the recognition, assessment, prevention and control of hazards arising from food hygiene and catering facilities, accommodation areas, potable water supplies and infectious diseases. Environmental Impact Any change to the environment, whether unfavourable or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from the organisation’s activities, products or services. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Systematic process of evaluating the environmental impacts of an activity or process on the environment. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report. An EIA report is an integral part of an HSEIA report. It is required for all projects, facilities and operations where there is potential for Level 1 significant environmental impacts to occur. It identifies environmental impacts and demonstrate how corrective (mitigation) measures are introduced in the design process - by using Best Available Techniques (BAT) - to eliminate or minimise the impact. The EIA report must address each of the life cycle phases i.e. project conception, design, tender, construction, commissioning, operation, decommissioning, abandonment and site restoration of a project. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Document prepared following an environmental impact assessment. An EIS is an integral part of an HSEIA report. It is required for all projects, facilities and operations where there is potential for significant environmental impacts to occur. It identifies significant environmental impacts and demonstrates how corrective (mitigation) measures are introduced in the design process - by using Best Available Techniques (BAT) - to eliminate or minimise the impact. The EIS must address each of the life cycle phases i.e. project conception, engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning, operation, decommissioning, disposal and site restoration of a project. Environmental Management Policy framework for ensuring that environmental impacts are minimised. In ADNOC Group, combined within the HSEMS process. Environmental Management Plan Documented procedures to define the environmental controls, which are to be incorporated into a project at different stages in its life cycle. Environmental Management System The part of the overall management system that includes the organisation’s structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes

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and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy. Environmental Management System Audit A systematic and documented verification process of objectively obtaining and assessing evidence to determine whether the organisation’s environmental management system conforms to the environmental management system audit criteria set by the organisation, and for communication of the results of this process to management. Environmental Objective Overall environmental goal, arising from the environmental policy, that an organisation sets itself to achieve, and which is quantifiable where practicable. Environmental Performance Measurable results of the environmental management system, related to the organisation’s control of its environmental aspects, based on its environmental policy, objectives and targets. Environmentally Persistent Substance Substances, also called 'POPs' (persistent organic chemical products) as defined in the Stockholm Convention Annexures. Environmental Policy Statement by the organisation of its intentions and principles in relation to its overall environmental performance that provides a framework for action and for the setting of its environmental objectives and targets. Environmental Risk A measure of the potential threats to the environment, which combines the probability that an event may occur, which may cause degradation of the environment with the severity of that degradation. Environmental Target Detailed performance requirement, quantified where possible, relevant to the organisation, or parts of it, that arises from the environmental objectives and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectives. Epidemiology Epidemiology is the study of the occurrence of disease in human populations. Also see Epidemiology (Occupational). Epidemiology (Occupational) Epidemiological studies in industry, which enable us to establish the relationship between work environment and the health, type of illnesses and ultimate causes of death of working people. To be effective, epidemiology must be based on accurate data on the occurrence of disease, types of jobs and exposures. The quality of the statistical analysis, and therefore the information produced, improves with (i) larger number of people and (ii) longer follow-up periods. Some diseases, particularly cancers, may take several decades to appear.

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EQS Environmental Quality Standard. A requirement or objective which must be fulfilled as set out in UAE legislation and may be relevant in the determination of BAT. Ergonomics Ergonomic is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimise human well-being and overall system performance. Ergonomics draws together the disciplines of occupational physiology, psychology and design. Physical stresses on the body may result in acute (short term) and chronic (long term) damage (musculoskeletal disorders) and lowering of performance (e.g. fatigue). The mental demands of work may cause psychological stresses. Ergonomics seeks to recognise and evaluate these factors. Control can then be achieved by fitting the task to the individual. Where ergonomics has not been taken into account in the design of workstations and tasks, personnel may suffer, for example, discomfort, musculo-skeletal disorders, psychological stress. ERWDA Environmental Research & Wildlife Development Agency (UAE). Renamed Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi as per August 2005. Erythema Reddening of the skin caused by dilation of blood vessels. Escalation An increase in the consequences of a hazardous event. Escalation Control Measures put in place to block or mitigate the effects of escalation factors. Types include guards or shields (coatings, inhibitors, shutdowns), separation (time and space), reduction in inventory, control of energy release (lower speeds, safety valves, different fuel source) and non-physical or administrative (procedures, warnings, training, drills). Escalation Factor Conditions that lead to increased risk due to loss of controls or loss of recovery capabilities (mitigation or life saving). Escalation factors include: abnormal operating conditions, e.g. maintenance mode, operating outside design envelope; environmental variations, e.g. extreme weather and tidal conditions; failure of barriers, e.g. maintenance failure, due to explosion or fire, introduction of ignition source; human error, e.g. lapses, rule violations; no barrier provided, e.g. not possible or too expensive. Escalation Factors may concurrently affect the control and/or recovery of more than one hazard.

Escape Breathing Apparatus

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Breathing apparatus designed to be donned by personnel in and emergency and used whilst they make their way to a safe location. They provide protection for a limited time only. Escape Set See "Escape Breathing Apparatus." Estimation A procedure, either objective or subjective, to obtain information expressed in quantitative terms but without the direct use of instrumentation. EV Expectation Value. Evaluation See 'Assessment' Event An occurrence or situation represented as a node in event and fault trees (e.g. gas leak, status of gas detection system, status of ESD system). Event Tree A tree-like diagram consisting of nodes and connecting lines used to formulate potential escalation scenarios. The nodes correspond to the different stages in an escalating incident sequence, and the two lines which lead out of the nodes correspond to the paths of success or failure in mitigation of the incident. Event trees are used to determine alternative potential scenarios arising from a particular hazardous event. It may be used quantitatively to determine the probability or frequency of different consequences arising from the hazardous event. Event Tree Analysis Event tree analysis evaluates the potential outcomes following a hypothetical top event. With event trees one looks 'forward' in time to determine what could occur, e.g. consequence of an event. EU European Union. Examination The process by which an independent competent person satisfies himself that HSECES is in a suitable condition by inspection field-testing, examination of records and interviews with personnel. Excitation A process by which radiation imparts energy to an atom or molecule without causing ionisation. Dissipated as heat in a tissue. Exposure A measure of the ionisation produced in air by X- or γ-radiation (see Röntgen).

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Exposure Assessment The determination of the emissions, pathways and rates of movements of a substance and its transformation or degradation in order to estimate the concentrations/doses to which human populations or environmental compartments are or may be exposed. Exposure Hours Exposure hours are the total number of hours of employment including overtime and training but excluding leave, sickness and other absences. Exposure hours may be estimated if necessary. Exposure Limit (EL) The airborne concentration of chemical agents and levels of physical agents to which workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect. Exposure Monitoring Measurement, sampling and analysis of exposure to hazardous agents for exposure assessment or other occupational health management purpose. * Exposure monitoring must be conducted by a suitably qualified competent person e.g. an Occupational Hygienist, using equipment suitable for taking measurements of the required accuracy. Exposure Profile Nature and degree of exposure to health hazards. Exposure Rating The chance of over-exposure to a health hazard evaluated as Very Low, Low, Medium, High or Very High. Extra Low Voltage A voltage normally not exceeding 50 Vac or 120 Vdc ripple free, whether between conductors or to earth.

F FAC First Aid Case. Facility Any single piece of equipment or structure, either standing alone (e.g. a well head), or grouped (e.g. a tank battery, field production station, gas plant, or refinery), that has a potential to impact on safety and/or health of personnel, contractors or community or to impact on the environment. Facility Response Plan (FRP) Plan detailing the response to specific incident scenarios and explaining emergency arrangements. FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation (of the United Nations).

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Fatal Accident Rate (FAR) The number of fatal incidents per 100,000,000 (100 million) hours worked. Incidents involving a third party fatality are included, provided they directly result from company or contractor operations. FAR = Number of Fatalities x 100,000,000 Man Hours Worked Fatality A death resulting from an injury or illness, regardless of the time intervening between injury and death. Fatality Due To Injuries Any death arising from a work related injury, regardless of the time interval between when the injury occurred and death. Fatality due to Occupational Illness A death resulting from an occupational illness, regardless of the time interval between onset of the illness and death. Fault Tree Logic diagram describing all the potential causes and event chains that lead to a specific incident scenario termed the top-event. FEA Federal Environment Authority (UAE). Field Authority Designated authority responsible for the safety of operations in an offshore oil field as defined in the OPCO Standing Instructions for Marine Operations [2]. Film Badge A pack of photographic film which measures radiation exposure for personnel monitoring. The badge may contain two or three films of differing sensitivity and filters to shield parts of the film from certain types of radiation. Fire Emergency Plan In this Code of Practice the Fire Emergency Plan is a document which details the actions to be taken in the event of a fire. Fire Risk Assessment (FRA) Qualitative technique for analysing fire potential and identifying fire prevention and fire control measures. First Aid Any one-time treatment and subsequent observation of minor scratches, cuts, burns, splinters, and so forth, which do not ordinarily require medical care by a physician. Such treatment and observation are considered First Aid even though provided by a physician or registered professional medical personnel. The following are considered to be first aid treatments:

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− application of antiseptics during the first visit to medical personnel, − treatment of first degree burns (characterized by reddening of the skin only), − application of bandages during any visit to medical personnel, − use of elastic bandages during the first visit to medical personnel, − removal of foreign bodies not embedded in the eye, if only irrigation is required, − removal of foreign bodies from a wound, if the procedure is uncomplicated (e.g. using tweezers), − use of non-prescription medications and administration of a single dose of prescription medication on the first visit for minor injury or discomfort, − soaking therapy during an initial visit to medical personnel, or removal of bandages by soaking, − application of hot or cold compresses during the first visit to medical personnel, − application of ointments to abrasions prevent them from cracking or drying, − application of heat therapy during the first visit to medical personnel, − use of whirlpool bath therapy during the first visit to medical personnel, − negative X-ray diagnosis, − observation of injury during a visit to medical personnel. First Aid Case (FAC) Injuries that are not sufficiently serious to be reported as medical treatment or more serious cases but nevertheless require minor first aid treatment, e.g. any one-time treatment, cleansing, application of bandages/band-aids, treatment of minor scratches, cuts, burns, splinters, etc. * * ADNOC does not recognise First Aid Cases in the context of illness and/or Occupation Health. Fluence The number of particles passing through a unit cross sectional area. (number of α-, β- or n-particles or γ-photons/cm2). Flux (fluence rate or flux density) The number of particles passing through a unit cross sectional area per unit of time. (number of α-, β- or n-particles or γ-photons/s·cm2). FMEA Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. Food-borne Illnesses Diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food.

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Food Contamination The introduction or occurrence of any biological or chemical agent, foreign matter, or other substances not intentionally added to food, which may compromise food safety or suitability. Food Establishment An operation that stores, prepares, packages, serves, vends, or otherwise provides food for human consumption, such as a restaurant, satellite or catered feeding locations when these locations are equipped with facilities that prepare, store or serve food. Food Handler Any person who directly handles packaged or unpackaged food, food equipment and utensils, or food contact surfaces. Food Hygiene All conditions and measures necessary to ensure the safety and suitability of food at all stages of the food chain. Food Safety Assurance that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use. FRA Fire Risk Assessment. Free Radical A grouping of atoms that normally exists in combination with other atoms, but can sometimes exist independently. Generally very reactive in a chemical sense. Freight Forwarder Any person or company involved in the movement of cargo who acts on behalf of somebody else. The freight forwarder may not be the owner of the goods, but may be involved in packing or carriage or act as a consolidator or agent. Frequency The number of occurrences of an event per unit time. Functional requirements The minimum criteria which must be satisfied to meet the stated health, safety and environmental objectives. Functionality What an HSECES does – its intended purpose e.g. a functional specification for a control or mitigation measure will describe how the HSECES will fulfil its role in limiting the event or protecting people.

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G Gamma-photon (Symbol γ [γ-rays or γ-radiation]) A discrete quantity of electromagnetic energy (range of energy from 10 keV to 9 MeV), without mass or charge. Emitted by a radionuclide (see X-rays). Gap A Gap is a finding that an Expectation is not being met. Gap Analysis A process that identifies a Gap, i.e., those areas of the HSE Management system that can or need to be improved. This ‘Gap Analysis’ becomes part of the initial evaluation or subsequent assessment and/or audit reports and consequently part of the cycle of planning and implementation for continuous improvement. Gas Leak An escape of gas from containment. Any unplanned or accidental loss of gas containment. GCAA General Civil Aviation Authority (U.A.E). GCC Gulf Co-operation Council. Geiger tube See Counter (Geiger-Müller). Generic Approach & Generic Record Where several operational sites carry out similar activities involving potential exposure to similar health hazards, it may not be necessary to repeat Health Risk Assessments at each site independently. In this situation a 'Generic Approach' to HRAs may be used in which detailed HRAs are only carried out at representative operational site(s) selected to ensure all common activities are covered. The resultant 'Generic Record' is then read across to the other comparable sites. Genes The biological units of heredity. They are arranged along the length of the chromosomes. Genetic effect of radiation Inheritable change, produced by the absorption of ionising radiation. Genetically significant dose The dose that, if given to every member of a population prior to conception of children, would produce the same genetic or hereditary harm as the actual dose received by the various individuals. Unit sievert, symbol Sv (the unit of dose equivalent). GHG

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Green House Gas. GIS Geographical Information System. GHSEC (ADNOC) Group HSE Committee. GIS Geographic Information System. GM General Manager. Gonads An organ producing reproductive cells in humans and animals; Ovaries and testes. Governance (for HSE) To set and apply HSE standards and performance parameters, which should cover Laws & Regulations and include additional measures that go beyond the requirements of Laws & Regulations. Governance includes the provision of guidance on how to interpret and implement the standards and performance parameters. Gray The unit of absorbed or organ dose. One gray (symbol Gy) equals one joule per kilogramme. GRMD (ADNOC) Group Risk Management Division. Group ICS resource group with a specific function. Group Company Those companies with direct line accountability to an ADNOC Directorate. Group Companies may also include contractors, facilities and entities working for that Group Company. Guidelines (HSE) Documents that provide ideas on how certain HSE issues may be approached. Unless stated otherwise, the guidelines are not mandatory but it will be the responsibility of Group Companies to demonstrate that their chosen approach is at least as effective (in hazard/impact management and risk reduction terms) as the approach described in the relevant guideline. One exception to this precept is the ADNOC Group Guideline ‘ADNOC HSE Management System Guidelines’ for which the Group Companies must address (as mandatory) the ADNOC ‘Requirements’ and ‘Expectations’ when developing their own HSEMS.

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H Half-life (Radioactive-) (Symbol t½) The time taken for the activity of a radionuclide to lose half its value by decay. Each radionuclide has a unique half-life. (t½ = ln2/λ, where λ is the disintegration constant). Harm to People This includes injury or occupational illnesses as well as medically recognised adverse effects resulting from an exposure or circumstances. HAVS Hand arm vibration syndrome is a complex syndrome, caused by chronic exposure to vibration in the upper limbs in the frequency range 2-1000Hz, with most damaging frequencies in the range 5 and 20Hz. HAVS is characterised by vascular spasm (vibration white finger), neurological and muscular damage (causing numbness and tingling in the hands and fingers, decreased grip strength, and reduced sensitivity to touch and temperature) and pain and stiffness in the joints of the upper limbs including the shoulders. HAZAN Hazard Analysis (review/study). Hazard Any substance, physical effect, or condition with potential to harm people, property or the environment or affect on the company reputation. Hazard (in food safety) A biological, chemical, or physical property that may cause an unacceptable consumer health risk. Hazard Analysis The systematic process of developing an understanding of hazards. The process consists of hazard identification, assessment and risk determination. Hazard Assessment The process whereby the results of an analysis of a hazard are considered against either judgement, standards, or criteria which have been developed as a basis for decision making. Hazard Awareness A state where a person is alert to what they are doing and to what is going on around them. It involves the ability to recognise the potential for actions or conditions that might result in harm to people, damage to property or the environment. (Health) Hazard Rating This is a measure of the severity of potential health effects based on the hazardous properties of the agent.

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Hazardous Area Plant area with a hazardous area classification (Zone 0, 1 or 2) where ignition sources are subject to close control. Hazardous Event The 'release' of a hazard. The undesired event at the end of the fault tree and at the beginning of an event tree. The centre point in a Hazard 'Bow-Tie'. An incident which occurs when a hazard is realised (e.g. release of gas, fire, loss of buoyancy).

Hazards and Effects Management Process The structured hazard analysis methodology involving hazard Identification, Assessment, Control (which includes recovery in case control is ever lost) and Review which includes comparison with screening and performance criteria. To manage a hazard completely requires that all four steps must be in place and recorded.

Hazards and Effects Register A hazard management communication document that demonstrates that hazards have been identified, assessed, are being properly controlled (and that recovery preparedness measures are in place in the event control is ever lost), and are periodically reviewed with a view to changing parameters and conditions. Hazard Management The systematic process of: − Identifying potential hazardous events and their potential consequences (hazard analysis); − Evaluating the risk potential of the hazardous event occurring (risk analysis); − Managing the risk at an ALARP risk level, which may be achieved reducing the probability of a hazardous event occurring or mitigating its potential consequences; − Reviewing the hazards and risks on a periodic basis. Hazardous Waste Wastes may be defined as hazardous on the basis of waste characteristics (e.g. Flammable, Ignitable, Toxic, Mutagenic, Reactive, Corrosive, etc.) or waste may be defined as hazardous on the basis of 'Listing' (i.e. are any components of the waste stream listed as hazardous; in US EPA, or other valid classification system). ADNOC has adopted the system as defined in the US EPA Resource, Conservation, & Recovery Act (RCRA). Also see Special Waste. HAZID Hazard Identification – a study in the context of hazards and effects management.

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HAZOP Hazard and Operability – a study in the context of hazards and effects management. Health Controls See 'Hierarchy of controls'. Health Control Measure A measure taken to reduce exposure to a Substance Hazardous to Health. Health Hazard This is an agent with potential to cause harm to health. These agents may be biological, chemical, physical, ergonomic or psychological in nature. ‘Health hazards' are also known as 'agents hazardous to health' and 'hazardous agents'. These terms are interchangeable. Health Promotion The active promotion of health of personnel within the organization. Health promotion does not restrict itself to occupational issues, but encompasses wider lifestyle and fitness issues, in order to improve the health, efficiency and well-being of the workforce. Health Risk Health risk is the combination of likelihood that harm to health may occur (which is related to probability of exposure) multiplied by the severity of health effects. Health Risk Assessment (HRA) See Occupational Health Risk Assessment (OHRA). Health Risk Assessment Programme See Occupational Health Risk Assessment Programme. Health Safety & Environmental Impact Assessment (HSEIA) Process that combines the three elements of health, safety and environment into a common assessment methodology. Health Surveillance Measures for monitoring the health of the workforce if risk to health cannot reasonably be excluded. Health surveillance is largely overlapping with medical surveillance – see definition below. Heavy Gas A gas with a density greater than air due to either high molecular weight (e.g. propane) or low temperature (e.g. methane boil off from a liquefied natural gas spill). Heliport An aerodrome or a defined area on a structure intended to be used wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of helicopters.

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Hierarchy of Health Control Measures The means of controlling exposure to health hazards, listed in preferential order as follows: Elimination Substitution (alternatives) Engineering (plant and equipment) Procedural Personal protective equipment High Occupational Health Risk A risk that is determined to be HIGH in accordance with the risk rating of ADNOC ‘COP Guideline on Health Risk Assessment‘ (ADNOC--COPV3-08). High Voltage A voltage exceeding 1000 Vac or 1500 Vdc. HIPS High Integrity Protection System, an instrument driven system that takes the place of a traditional mechanical relief device. (See also Critical Instrument System). HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HLO Helicopter Landing Officer. Hostile Environment An environment in which a safe forced landing cannot be accomplished because the surface is unsuitable or the aircraft occupants cannot be adequately protected from the elements or search and rescue response/capability is not provided consistent with anticipated exposure or there is unacceptable endangering of persons or property on the ground. Hot Tap A method for making a connection into a pipeline, vessel or tank whilst the equipment is live. (See live plant). Hours Worked The total number of hours worked, including paid overtime but excluding leave, sickness and other absences. Hours worked must be recorded separately for company and contractor personnel. HRA Health Risk Assessment. HS Health Surveillance.

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HSE Health, Safety and Environment. (The) HSE As in ‘Health and Safety Executive’, which is the enforcement and standards setting agency in the United Kingdom. HSE Alerts Communication (usually documented) with timely information on: − changes in relevant HSE legislation or regulations, − bans on potentially hazardous equipment, materials, chemicals, practices or procedures, − significant HSE information relevant to best practice. HSE ‘Best Practice’ documents Documents that provide detailed suggestions on how issues may be approached/managed. These documents are not mandatory. HSE Case Similar to a COMAH Report. HSECES HSE Critical Equipment and Systems. HSE Critical Of particular importance to preventing, controlling or mitigating the risks from Major Accident Hazards or occupational hazards with the potential for critical, severe or catastrophic consequences (as defined in ADNOC Risk Management Guideline). It can apply to equipment, management systems, procedures, records, activities and tasks (and the competencies required for these tasks). HSE-Critical activities Activities that are important in preventing events with potential to cause serious harm to people, the environment or property or which can reduce the impact of such an event. Note: The definition of serious harm includes the critical, severe and catastrophic categories shown in the risk potential matrix in the ADNOC Risk Management Guidelines. HSE Critical Equipment and Systems (HSECES) Parts of an installation and such of its structures, plant equipment and systems (including computer programmes) or any part thereof, the failure of which could cause or contribute substantially to; or a purpose of which is to prevent or limit the effect of a major accident or any accident with severe or catastrophic consequences (as defined in ADNOC Group Guideline on HSE Risk Management *). * Note: When comparing the definitions of ‘HSECES’ and ‘HSE Critical’ please note that the former excludes the category ‘Critical’ as defined

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in ADNOC Risk Management Guideline. This is excluded specifically to provide focus on HSECES that are important in managing Major Accident Potential. HSE Critical Integrity Task or Activity Activities such as design, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, modification, repair, inspection, testing or examination associated with assuring the integrity of a HSECES. HSE Culture Refers to the collective HSE values and attitudes of the people in the organisation. HSE Management Those aspects of the overall management function (including planning) that develop, implement and maintain the HSE policy. HSE Management Documentation The documentation describing the overall Health, Safety and Environmental Management System, which makes reference to the systems and procedures for implementing the health, safety and environmental management plan. HSE Policy A public statement of the intentions and principles of action of the company regarding its health, safety and environmental effects, giving rise to its strategic and detailed objectives. HSE Strategic Objectives The broad goals, arising from the HSE policy, that a company sets itself to achieve, and which should be quantified wherever practicable. In ADNOC terminology this means objectives. Goals which the organisation wishes to achieve over the long-term provides a basis for judging progress and achievements. Strategies provide the framework for plans to achieve the objectives used as a screen for possible plans. HSEIA Report A living document that considers the full lifecycle of project, facilities and operations. It must address the HSE impacts in each of the life cycle phases i.e. project conception, design, tender, construction, commissioning, operation, decommissioning, abandonment and site restoration of a project. HSEIA Health, Safety and Environmental Impact Assessment. Systematic process of identifying HSE impacts of existing, new or substantially altered projects, and establishing mitigation requirements. HSEIA Report A living document that considers the full lifecycle of project, facilities and operations. It must address the HSE impacts in each of the life cycle phases

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i.e. project conception, design, tender, construction, commissioning, operation, decommissioning, abandonment and site restoration of a project. HSEMS Health, Safety, Environmental Management System being the company structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for implementing health, safety and environmental management. HSEMS Audit An independent, systematic and documented process of objectively obtaining and evaluating verifiable evidence to determine: − Whether the HSEMS and its results conform to the audit criteria − Whether the system is implemented effectively. − Whether the system is suitable to achieve the health, safety and environmental policy and objectives. HSEMS Expectations The issues, as defined in the ADNOC Group Guideline ‘ADNOC HSEMS Guidelines’ that Group Companies must address when developing and operating their own HSEMS. HSEMS Requirements The issues, as defined in the ADNOC Group Guideline ‘ADNOC HSEMS Guidelines’ that Group Companies must address when developing and operating their own HSEMS. HSE Policy A statement of the intentions and principles of actions regarding health, safety and environmental effects and which gives rise to detailed strategic objectives. The ADNOC HSE Policy is endorsed (signed) by the CEO; the HSE Policy of a Group Company is endorsed by its General Manager. HTV Hand transmitted vibration affecting users of tools vibrating with frequency in the range of 20-1000Hz. Hydraulic Test Pressure or leak test utilising a liquid as the test medium. Hyperbaric Environment Where the pressure is higher than atmospheric i.e. typically underwater.

I IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency. IAMSAR International Convention On Maritime Search And Rescue [3]. convention.

An IMO

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IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This is part of the World Health Organisation (WHO). IARC's mission is to “coordinate and conduct research on the causes of human cancer, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and to develop scientific strategies for cancer control”. IATA International Air Transport Association. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation. ICP Incident Command Post. ICRP-26 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP publication 26 - Annals of the ICRP, Vol. 1, 1977). ICRP-26 has been reprinted with additions in 1987. ICRP-60 1990 Recommendation of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP publication 60 - Annals of the ICRP, Vol. 21, 1991). Risk factors have been reviewed in ICRP-60 leading to new dose limits. Besides several radiological protection concepts have been redefined. ICS Incident Command System. IEA International Ergonomics Association. IEC International Electrotechnical Commission. IESNA Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. ILO International Labour Organisation. IMCA International Marine Contractors Association. IMDG Code The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code that covers all aspects of the transport of dangerous goods by ship. IMO International Maritime Organization.

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Incident An event or chain of events which has caused or could have caused fatality, injury, illness and/or damage (loss) to assets, the environment, company reputation or third parties. Incident Action Plan A plan containing general incident control objectives and details what activities are to be carried out to contain, recover, clean up and rehabilitate. It is developed during the incident using principles laid down in the Emergency Plan. Incident Base Location where primary logistics functions for incident response are coordinated and administered. Incident Camp Locations from which resources may be relocated to better support incident operations. Incident Command System (ICS) A system for managing emergencies. Incident Command Post Location from which emergency response operations are directed. Incident Management Team (IMT) A team responsible for managing the response to an emergency incident at their facility or workplace. Incineration The controlled combustion of waste to reduce its volume or toxicity. Independent Competent Person Person employed by an organisation independent of the equipment operator who can demonstrate the necessary training and experience to carry out defined activities associated with HSECES. The independent competent person may be a team of several individuals where this is required to ensure an appropriate level of competency or to complete verification tasks in a reasonable period of time. Independent Verification Report (IVR) The report, produced by an independent party, that confirms correctness and full coverage of the HSEIA Report. Indicator organisms Bacterial micro-organisms whose detection in food or water indicates the presence of harmful pathogens. Individual Risk The combined fatal risk to a ‘named individual’ which includes such factors as: − Total Risk, the sum of contributions from all hazards exposed to

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− Occupancy, the proportion of time exposed to work hazards − Vulnerability, the probability that exposure to the hazard will result in fatality IR (Individual Risk) = ∑ Frequency x Occupancy x Vulnerability. Industrial Waste Any waste arising from an industrial premises. Inert Waste Waste which, when deposited into a waste disposal site, does not undergo any significant physical, chemical or biological transformation. Inherent Safety Design philosophy that utilises the laws of physics and chemistry to prevent and control incidents rather than alarms, interlocks, process trips and similar systems. Initiating Factor See 'Threat'. Injury Physical harm or damage to a person resulting from traumatic contact between the body of the person and an outside agency, or from exposure to environmental factors. Inspection (HSE) Physical on-site verification that work is performed and equipment is maintained in accordance with existing HSE standards and procedures. Persons that are independent from or are part of the operations organisation (e.g. senior supervisors and managers) can conduct HSE Inspections. Installation (Facility) That part of an industrial operation falling within the scope of PPC requirements. Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Internationally agreed rules governing the conduct of flight without visual reference and to ensure separation from ground obstacles and other aircraft. Intention Term applied in environmental risk assessment to include the manufacture and use of a substance; the creation, testing and release of an organism; the construction or demolition of some artifact or scheme; an operation or process; any combination of intentions, including the taking into account of inputs, wastes, by products and emissions. Interested Party Individual or group concerned with or affected by the environmental performance of the organisation. Ion

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Electrical charged atom or grouping of atoms. Ionisation The process by which a neutral atom or molecule acquires or loses an electrical charge. The production of ions. Ionising radiation Radiation that produces ionisation in matter. Examples are alpha particles, beta particles, gamma-rays, X-rays and neutrons, often denoted by α-, β-, γ-, X- and n-radiation respectively. IPF Instrumented Protective Functions. IPPC Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control. Term used to describe the regulatory regime applying to certain types of industrial process, under the PPC Regulations. IR Ionising radiation - general term applied to both electromagnetic waves and/or particulate radiation capable of producing ions by interaction with matter. IRIC Initial Response Incident Commander. Irradiation Exposure to radiation. ISM Code International Safety Management Code, which requires establishment of a safety management system by the ship owner or any person who has assumed responsibility for the ship. ISO International Standards Organisation. ISO9000 International standard and accreditation scheme for quality management. ISO14000 International standard management

and

accreditation

scheme

for

environmental

Isotopes Nuclides with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, and therefore in the mass number. Almost identical chemical properties exist between isotopes of a particular element. Isotopes are denoted by the chemical symbol followed by the mass number, e.g. H-3, by the chemical symbol preceded by the mass number in superscript, e.g. 3H, or sometimes by the chemical symbol preceded by the mass number in superscript and the

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atomic number in subscript, e.g. 31 H, The term isotope should not be used as a synonym for nuclide.

J Job Safety Analysis (JSA) The term for "Task Risk Assessment" used by International Association Of Oil and Gas Producers [OGP, Guidelines On Permit To Work (PTW) Systems]. Job Type Jobs with a similar exposure profile. Job Type Code A code allocated to individual Job Types to assist in the compilation of a work history of employee exposure. Joule (Symbol J) The unit for work and energy, equal to one newton expended along a distance of one metre (1 J = 1 N x 1 m). JSA See ‘Job Safety Analysis’.

K

O

K Degrees Kelvin.

Km Kilometer. Kpa Kilo pascal. KPI Key Performance Indicator.

L Landfill Area of land, typically a void from previous mining or quarrying ,or specifically engineered, in which waste is deposited. In areas where there is no available void, the process is referred to as landraising and waste is deposited on the land surface. Landspreading The spreading of certain types of land for soil conditioning purposes. This technique is not used in the UAE but is included for completeness. Latent Failure A failure of equipment, procedures, organisation or other management system that does not immediately lead to an incident, but either makes an incident more likely or makes the potential consequences more severe. See also "Active Failure". LDAR

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Leak Detection and Repair. Law The Legislation, Regulations and Decrees as issued by the UAE and/or Abu Dhabi Government Authorities. Legal Requirement Legal refers to UAE and/or Abu Dhabi Laws, Regulations, Decrees and any Guidelines or Codes of Practice adopted by ADNOC on its own or because of these Laws, Regulations or Decrees. It also refers to any international standards or treaties to which the UAE, Abu Dhabi Emirate or ADNOC is a signatory, or under which they have agreed in principle to operate. LEP,d The "daily personal noise exposure" of an employee. It is expressed in dB(A) and is ascertained using a formula (see Noise Section for details). This takes no account of the effect of any hearing protection used. Leukaemia A usually fatal disease characterised by overproduction of white blood cells. Lifecycle The full lifespan of a project, facility or operations i.e. conception, design, tender, construction, commissioning, operation, decommissioning, abandonment and site restoration. Life Cycle Assessment An appraisal of the most effective way waste can be managed, taking into account the life cycle process, the principles of BPEO, the waste hierarchy and the proximity principle. Lift Bag A bag which is filled with air or gas to provide up-lift to an underwater object. Often used by divers for lifting purposes. Lifting Equipment All equipment used for lifting operations by an employee or contractor including, but not limited to, fixed lifting equipment, portable lifting equipment, other mechanical handling equipment, lifts and equipment used for carrying personnel. Likelihood Analysis The process of estimating the likelihood of an event. probability analysis.

Also referred to as

Live Plant Plant that has not been depressurised, drained and purged of all hazardous material.

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Lock-off time The time at which a diving bell under pressure is disconnected from the compression chamber(s) on deck. Lock-on time The time at which a diving bell under pressure is reconnected to the compression chamber (s) on deck. Loss of Containment (LOC) Any unplanned release of hydrocarbon, toxic or hazardous material to the environment that is not via the design safety relief or disposal systems. This includes: − Hydrocarbons in the form of a gas or natural gas liquids; − Toxic materials such as Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S); − Materials that are hazardous to people or the environment such as acids or amines; − Any leak (no matter how small) that originates from a hole, crack or rupture; − Any flange or gland leak that can be “heard, seen or felt with pressure” and which requires immediate action to stop it. Loss of Containment excludes venting, flaring, purging, draining of hydrocarbons Loss of Process Loss of production, productivity, quality, deterioration or downtime of an activity for which the company is paying money or losing income due to an incident or consequence of an incident. Lost Time Injuries (LTI) Any absence from work related Fatalities, Permanent Total Disabilities, Permanent Partial Disabilities and Lost Workday Cases. Total Lost Time injuries is the sum of Fatalities, Permanent Total Disabilities, Partial Total Disabilities and Lost Workday Cases. Restricted Work Cases and Medical Treatment Cases are not included in LTIs. Lost Time Injury Frequency (LTIF) The number of Lost Time Injuries (LTIs) per 1,000,000 (million) hours worked. LTIF = Total LTIs x 1,000,000 Exposure Hours Lost Time Injury Severity (LTIS) A measurement of the seriousness of injuries and is the number of lost workdays (estimated where necessary) per million exposure hours worked during the period. S = Lost Workdays x 1,000,000 Exposure Hours

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Lost Workday Case (LWDC) Any work related injury or illness, which renders the injured person temporarily unable to perform any regular job or restricted work within 24 hours of the moment that that the occupational injury was received or illness determined. The criteria "24 hours" include rest days, weekend days, scheduled holidays, public holidays or subsequent days after ceasing employment. * * A Lost Workday Case is not the same as a Lost Time Injury (LTI) LTI) as it does not include fatalities. Also, a single accident can give rise to several lost workday cases, depending on the number of people injured as a result of that incident. Lost Workdays The total number of workdays lost through occurrence of occupational injuries/illnesses. * * In cases where employment is terminated after an Injury/illness occurred (other than fatality or Permanent Total Disability), this would include any previously scheduled workdays lost that were planned prior to termination, or an estimate of workdays that would be lost after termination. In cases of death or permanent total disability no lost workdays are recorded. Low Specific Activity scale (LSA) Scale, containing radionuclides, formed at the inner wall of tubings during gas or oil production. Low Voltage A voltage normally exceeding Extra Low Voltage but not exceeding 1000 Vac or 1500 Vdc between conductors, or 600 Vac or 900 Vdc between conductors and earth. LRTAP Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. LSA (scale) Low Specific Activity scale (see NORM). LST Life Support Technician (in diving operations). LTI Lost Time Injury. LTIF Lost Time Injury Frequency. Lost Time Injury Free Milestones Each occurrence that an entire Group Companies has worked one million man-hours without a Lost Time Incident. Large companies with multiple substantial business units may record milestones per business unit. LTIS

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Lost Time Injury Severity. LWC Lost Workday Case.

M

M3 Cubic Meter. Maintain (e.g. Policy or Procedure) The term ‘Maintain’ as used in this document should be understood to mean ‘establish and maintain’ if the policy or procedure which is to be maintained does not yet exist. Major Accident Major accident means an ‘Uncontrolled Occurrence’ in the operation of a site which leads to severe or catastrophic consequences to people, assets, the environment and/or company reputation (as defined in the ADNOC Group HSE Risk Management Guidelines). The consequences may be immediate or delayed and may occur outside as well as inside the site. There will also be a high potential for escalation. Note: Examples of ‘Major Accidents’ would include, but are not limited to: − loss of containment of flammable and/or toxic fluids leading to fire, explosion and/or toxic injury − events resulting in structural failure which could lead to further progressive collapse − loss of stability of mobile offshore installation − well blowouts − ships colliding with offshore installations or onshore jetties used for bulk loading explosive, flammable or toxic substances. − service vessel colliding with or otherwise affecting offshore installations − other external hazards affecting offshore and onshore sites e.g. accommodation/work barges alongside fixed installations, helicopters and aircraft, road/marine product tankers The definition of ‘Major Accident’ specifically excludes ‘Occupational Accidents’ which have bounded, albeit possibly severe or catastrophic consequences. This means that one or more pedestrian fatalities resulting from a road accident on a site (however regrettable and tragic) would not be defined as a ‘Major Accident’. Similarly, one or more fatalities resulting from a fall from a scaffolding platform (again regrettable and tragic) would not be defined as a ‘Major Accident’. The purpose of this definition of ‘Major Accident’ is to identify ‘Major Hazard Sites’ for the purposes of this Code of Practice. ‘Major Hazard Site Operators’ will be required to prepare a COMAH Report and submit it to ADNOC.

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Major Accident Hazard A hazard that has the potential to result in a ‘Major Accident’. Major Accident Potential Where the conditions, substances and materials on a site, and the location of the site, are such that a ‘Major Accident Hazard’ is present and there is therefore the possibility of a ‘Major Accident’. Major Hazard Site Any process plant, storage facility, terminal, pipeline, offshore installation, drilling rig or any other facility handling or storing hazardous materials that has ‘Major Accident Potential’ at any time in the course of routine and/or nonroutine operations. Major Hazard Site Operator The Group Company responsible for operating the ‘Major Hazard Site’. Man sievert (Symbol man Sv) See dose (collective effective -) or dose (collective equivalent -). Manifest (aviation) A document signed by a member of the crew which lists the passengers, baggage and freight carried on an aircraft. Manual of Permitted Operations (MOPO) Defines the limit of safe operation permitted for a particular asset if control and/or mitigation measures are reduced and/or removed with the objective of maintaining a tolerable level of risk. Considers combinations of hazards and hazardous events. Marine Incidents Incidents involving marine vessels designed to transport people and goods over water. MARPOL Marine Pollution. Mass number (Symbol A) The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Maximum Exposure Limit (MEL) * MELs are UK exposure limits provided for substances that are particularly hazardous or difficult to control. These limits recognise that health-based OELs may not be technically or economically achievable. These levels denote that the value is the maximum exposure concentration to which personnel are allowed in the workplace. The onus is placed on the employer to reduce exposure below this limit as far as reasonably achievable. These limits are listed in HSE Guidance Note EH40. * Note: This definition is for general reference only – ADNOC does not use MELs but only TLV data as provided by ACGIH.

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MDC Message Distribution Centre. MDHS Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (UK-HSE). Measurement An objective procedure, using appropriate instrumentation, to obtain quantitative information about a piece of equipment or a discharge or a process stream, such as pipe diameter, total discharge rate, temperature or concentration of a specific pollutant. Medic A medically qualified person designated to respond to and take action with regard to any medical matters and incidents in any capacity. Medical Emergency Situations or conditions having a high probability of disabling or immediately life-threatening consequences requiring first aid or other immediate medical intervention. Medical Examiner of Divers A doctor who is trained and competent to perform the annual assessment of fitness to dive for divers. They may not possess knowledge of the treatment of diving accidents. Medical Surveillance The assessment of an employee's health using medical or biological procedures (biological effect monitoring) to identify any significant abnormalities attributed to exposure to hazardous agents, at as early stage as possible. The procedures used should be of acceptably high sensitivity, specificity and predictive value in detecting abnormalities related to the nature and degree of exposure. The criteria for interpreting the data should be known and the procedures should be safe, easy to perform, preferably non-invasive and acceptable to employees. Surveillance should only be undertaken if the possible detected changes are reversible or measures are available to prevent their further development. Medical Treatment Case Any work-related injury or illness that involves neither lost workdays nor restricted workdays but which requires treatment by, or under the specific order of, a physician or could be considered as being in the province of a physician. Medical treatment does not include first aid treatment (one-time treatment and subsequent observation of minor scratches, cuts, burns, splinters, and so forth, which do not ordinarily require medical care) even though provided by a physician or other registered professional medical personnel. The following examples are generally considered to be medical treatment cases:

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− treatment of infection, − application of antiseptics during a second or subsequent visit to medical personnel, − treatment of second or third degree burns, − application of sutures, or the application of butterfly dressings or steristrips in lieu of sutures, − removal of foreign bodies embedded in the eye, − removal of foreign bodies from a wound, if the procedure is complicated due to depth of embedment, size or location, − use of prescription medications (except a single dose of prescription medication on the first visit for minor injury or discomfort), − use of hot or cold soaking therapy during a second or subsequent visit to medical personnel, − application of hot or cold compresses during a second or subsequent visit to medical personnel, − cutting away dead skin (surgical debridement), − application of heat therapy during a second or subsequent visit to medical personnel, − use of whirlpool bath therapy during a second or subsequent visit to medical personnel, − positive X-ray diagnosis (broken bones, fractures, etc.), − admission to a hospital or equivalent medical facility for treatment. Administration of tetanus shots or booster shots is not considered medical treatment. Diagnostic procedures such as X-rays or laboratory analysis are not considered medical treatment unless they lead to further treatment. If a worker loses consciousness as the result of a work-related exposure or injury, the case is at minimum a medical treatment case regardless of what type of treatment was provided. Medical Treatment Cases (MTC) for Occupational Illness Any treatment by a medical professional (which includes medics and nurses) of illnesses related to work. Usually a treatment of headache, persistent cough, stomach upset, etc. is not a MTC, even if medication is supplied by a professional doctor. Medical Treatment Cases (MTC) for Treatment of Injury Any work related injuries that are not severe enough to be reported as fatalities or lost work day cases or restricted work day cases, but are more severe than requiring simple first aid treatment. A MTC requires treatment by a medical professional (which includes medics and nurses) e.g. stitching of cuts, application of special bandages, removal of foreign bodies (from eyes, skin/flesh).

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Medical Waste Any wastes made in whole or part of human tissue, animal tissue, blood or other body liquids, secretions, drugs or other pharmaceutical products, bandages, syringes, needles or other medical sharp objects, or any other wastes whether contagious chemical or radioactive produced by medical activities, nursing, treatment, medical care, dental, veterinary or pharmaceutical or processed activities or others, tests, research works or study materials or sampling or storage of the same. MEL Maximum Exposure Limit. Message Distribution Centre The Message Distribution Centre has the responsibility of transferring information between the ICP and the field. Microbiological Criteria Microbiological criteria for food define the acceptability of a product or a food lot, based on the absence or presence, or number of micro-organisms including parasites, and/or quantity of their toxins/metabolites, per unit(s) of mass, volume, area or lot. Minimisation See reduction. Mitigation Measures taken to reduce the consequences of a potential hazardous event. Mitigation measures include: • 'active' systems intended to detect and abate incidents (gas, fire, and smoke alarms, shutdowns, deluge) • 'passive' systems intended to guarantee the primary functions (fire and blast walls, protective coatings, drain systems) and • 'operational' systems intended for emergency management (contingency plans, training, drills). The limitation of undesirable effects of a particular event MMMF Man-made Mineral Fibre(s). MODU Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit. Molecule Smallest portion of a substance that can exist by itself and retain the properties of the substance.

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Monitoring Measurement of the properties of a material (such as a discharge) or [usually] the sampling of a material together with immediate or subsequent analysis or other form of measurement. Discharge monitoring: Monitoring of a discharge, usually carried out for the purpose of acquiring information of environmental significance. Process monitoring:

Monitoring of process streams or materials, usually carried out for the purposes of a safe and efficient operation of a process operation. Process monitoring may be continuous or intermittent [results of process monitoring may sometimes be useful in calculating or estimating information on discharges].

Monitoring programme: A planned set of discharge monitoring activities. Monitoring (Area -) Monitoring of the radiation level or contamination of a particular area, building, room, or equipment. Monitoring (Personal -) Monitoring any part of an individual, his breath, or excretions, or any part of his clothing. Monitoring (radiation) Periodic or continuous determination of the amount of ionising radiation or radioactive contamination present. Monitoring Activities All activities related to the prevention or mitigation of hazardous events Mooring-Loading Master The person designated by the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company Petroleum Ports Authority to execute the instructions issued to him, by that authority, for the proper direction of a ship’s movement and for assisting it with piloting, mooring, loading and other maritime manoeuvres. MSC Manpower Services Commission (UK). MSD (ADNOC) Medical Services Division. MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet. Information sheet provided by the supplier of chemical product which details HSE hazards. MSV Multi-support Vessel.

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MTC Medical Treatment Case. MTOW Maximum Take Off Weight. Mutagen Chemical agent that causes cell mutation. Mutation A chemical change in the DNA in the nucleus of a cell. Mutations in sperm or egg cells or their precursors may lead to inherited effects in children. Mutations in body cells may lead to effects in the individual. Mutual Aid A co-operative arrangement between two or more parties to assist each other with manpower or equipment in an emergency situation.

N NAMAS National Measurement Accreditation Service (UK). Natural Radioactivity The high-energy radiation that enters the earth's atmosphere from outer space (cosmic rays) is a source of natural radiation. Terrestrial sources of natural radiation are the very long-lived radionuclides that have existed within the earth since its formation. Most important of these radionuclides are 40K (half-life = 1.28x109 a), 87Rb (4.7x1010 a), 238U (4.47x109 a) and 232Th (1.41´1010 a), where 238U and 232Th head series of 14 and 11 significant radionuclides respectively. NAUI National Association of Underwater Instructors. NDT Non-destructive Testing. NEA Nuclear Energy Agency (of the OECD). Near Miss An event or chain of events that could have resulted in fatality, injury, illness and / or damage (loss) to assets, the environment, company reputation or third parties. The situation was avoided or reduced by the circumstances at the time or under slightly different circumstances would have been more serious. NEFR Noise Exposure Frequency Rate.

Neutron (Symbol n, n-radiation])

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An elementary particle with unit automatic mass approximately and no electric charge. If emitted by radionuclides or special devices denoted by n-radiation. n-Radiation may induce nuclear reaction and hence may lead to activation of materials, which were non-radioactive before irradiation. Newton (Symbol N) The unit of force, which when applied to a mass of one kilogramme will give it an acceleration of one metre per second per second (1 N = 1 kg x 1 m/s2). NFPA National Fire Prevention Association (U.S.), the standard setting organisation for fire safety in design and operation of industrial facilities, buildings and offices. NIOSH The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is the federal agency in the US responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related disease and injury. NIR Non-Ionising Radiation. NORM Acronym for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material. The main radionuclides encountered in gas/oil production and ore processing are radioactive daughters from the 238U- and 232Th-decay series. See LSA. Normally Present People normally present at a workplace are those whose normal place of work is that workplace. It includes ADNOC Group Company employees and contractors, but not visitors. Noxious Substance Substance which is harmful to living organisms and biological systems – in a wider context than toxic substances. NPD Norwegian Petroleum Department. NRV Non-Return Valve. Nuclear Disintegration A spontaneous nuclear transformation (radioactivity) characterised by the emission of energy and/or mass from the nucleus. When numbers of nuclei are involved, the process is characterised by a definite half-life. Nucleus (atomic -) The core of an atom, occupying little of volume, containing most of the mass, and bearing positive electric charge.

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Nucleus (cell -) The controlling centre of the basic unit of tissue. Contains the important material DNA. Nuclide A species of atom characterised by the number of protons and neutrons and, in some cases, by the energy state of the nucleus.

O OAQPS Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (USA). Occupational Accident An occupational accident arises from an ‘Occupational Hazard’. It may result in personal injury(s), illness(s) and/or fatality(s). Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) * The airborne concentration of chemical agents and levels of physical agents to which workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse effect. OELs are based on the best available information from industrial experience, from experimental human and animal studies, and when possible, from a combination of the three. The basis on which the values are established may vary from agent to agent; protection against impairment of health may be a guiding factor for some, whereas reasonable freedom from irritation, narcosis, nuisance or other forms of stress may form the basis for others. Note: ADNOC recognizes the latest ACGIH TLV data as its OEL. Occupational Exposure Standard (OES) OES is the OEL classification in the UK for substances that have their limits classified primarily on the basis of health effect, i.e. these are the UK’s healthbased OELs. These limits are listed in HSE Guidance Note EH40. Occupational Hazard A hazard with the potential for causing ‘Occupational Accidents’ through slips, trips, falls, crushing, drowning, electrocution etc. Unlike a ‘Major Accident Hazard’, an Occupational Hazard does not have the potential for the loss of control and escalation that could lead to further major consequences. Occupational Hazards are identified and either eliminated, controlled or mitigated by the use of best practice HSE management systems, procedures, methods and techniques. Occupational Health (OH) Occupational Health is a multidisciplinary field concerned with preventing people from becoming ill because of their work. Occupational Health Adviser A person who, on the basis of his expertise, assists line management with the development and implementation of the occupational health programme. Occupational health advisers may include occupational health physicians,

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medical advisers and occupational health nurses, occupational hygienists, safety advisers, toxicologists, health inspectors and ergonomists. Occupational Health Hazard This is an agent with potential to cause harm to health. These agents may be biological, chemical, physical, ergonomic or psychological in nature. Hazards are normally classified according to the severity of their adverse health effects. Occupational Health Management This is a discipline concerning the organized use of corporate resources to prevent or minimize the adverse health impact of work on personnel and contractors. Occupational Health Management System Part of the overall management system that facilitates the management of the OH risks associated with the business of the organization. This includes the organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the organization’s OH policy. In ADNOC Group, the OH Management System is integrated with Group Company HSEMS. Occupational Health Risk Assessment The systematic identification of health hazards in the workplace and subsequent evaluation of health risks. This process takes existing control measures into account and identifies and recommends further preventive or control actions where appropriate. Occupational Health Risk Assessment Programme The systematic implementation of Health Risk Assessment within an organisation. Occupational Hygiene The application of scientific, technological and managerial principles to prevent or reduce the risks to health that arise from work activities. Occupational Illness Any work-related abnormal condition or disorder, other than an injury, which is mainly caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with the employment. It includes acute and chronic illness or diseases that may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion or direct contact. Whether a case involves a work-related injury or an Occupational Illness is determined by the nature of the original event or exposure that caused the case, not by the resulting condition of the affected employee. An injury results from a single event and cases resulting from anything other than a single event are considered Occupational Illness. Occupational Illness absence Total workforce absence on the grounds of incapacity to work due to occupational illness, in which absences for pregnancy, childbirth are excluded.

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Occupational illness absence is expressed as a percentage of total workdays available. Occupational Injury Any cut, fracture, sprain, amputation, etc. which results from a work incident or from an exposure involving a single event (or a number of linked events close together in time) in the work environment. Injuries are caused by essentially instantaneous events. Note that conditions resulting from animal or insect bite, or from one-time exposures to chemicals, are considered to be injuries. Work-related events, including overexertion, that aggravate a pre-existing condition are deemed to be injuries. Octave Bands A defined frequency range around each standard frequency midpoint. These midpoints are sequentially placed at 63Hz, 125Hz, 250Hz, 500 Hz, 1KHz, 2KHz, 4KHz and 8KHz. OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OEL See Occupational Exposure Limit. OES Occupational Exposure Standard. OGP International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (formerly named E&P Forum). OH Occupational Health. OHRA Occupational Health Risk Assessment – the identification of health hazards in the workplace and subsequent evaluation of risk to health, taking account of existing control measures. This assessment covers changes in health risk reasonably attributable to a project, programme or policy and undertaken for a specific purpose. Where appropriate, the need for further measures to control exposure is identified. OHRA Report The Occupational Health Risk Assessment Report demonstrates that the occupational health risks have been assessed and all the necessary steps to mitigate these risks have been or will be taken. OHRM Occupational Health Risk Management. OHSAS Occupational Health & Safety Assessment Series.

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Oil Spill Contingency Plan Part of the Emergency Response Plan that deals with oil spill incidents. Operational Hazard An occupational hazard arising from specific operations carried out at Group Company sites. Operator Person who has control over the operation of an installation. Can refer to an individual or organization. Order of magnitude Quantity given to the nearest power of ten. A factor of ten. Organisation Company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration. In the context of ADNOC Group, organisation means Group Operating Companies and independent producers. Organisational Ergonomics Organisational ergonomics is concerned with the optimisation of sociotechnical systems, including their organisational structures, policies, and processes. OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration. This is the enforcement and one of the standards setting agencies in the United States. OSRC (ADNOC) Oil Spill Response Centre. Other Transport incidents Incidents involving other means of transport over land e.g. moped, pedal cyclist or pedestrian as used for transport to/from work or at the work location. Other transport accidents may occur within and outside company premises.

P PADI Professional Association of Diving Instructors. PAHO Pan American Health Organisation. Parent A radionuclide which, upon disintegration, yields a specified nuclide either directly, or, as a later member of a radioactive series. PAT Proficiency Analytical Testing (NIOSH).

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Payload Aircraft carrying capacity in terms of weight for passengers and payload. This will decrease with any increase in fuel. Performance Criterion A standard of performance of an operation, activity or system element. which may include company wide 'Standards' and general applicable Group Guidance documents (e.g. Codes of Practice/Guidelines). A Performance Criterion is bound to be at least as stringent as or more stringent than the respective Screening Criterion. Performance Indicator A 'vital sign' indicator showing the extent of successful performance against set criteria over time. Performance Standard A statement which can be expressed in qualitative or quantitative terms, of the performance required of a system, item of equipment or computer programme and which is used as the basis for verification throughout the life cycle of the installation. Permanent Partial Disability (PPD) Any work related injury or illness which results in the complete loss, or permanent loss of use, of any part(s) of the body or any permanent impairment of function or parts of body, regardless of any pre-existing disability of the injured member of impaired body function. * * A PPD is not related to the ability of the injured person to do is normal work, e.g. it is classified as a PPD if he has lost a finger, toe, arm, limb, etc. but (upon recovery) is still able to do his normal work or any other work that permits for the partial disability. Reference is made to the Federal Law of 1980 on Regulating Labour Relations, which provides a detailed description of such injuries. Periodic Exposure Measurement See Routine Exposure Monitoring. Permanent Total Disability Any work-related injury or illness, which permanently incapacitates an employee from doing any work and results in termination of employment or medical severance. * * Reference is made to the Federal Law of 1980 on Regulating Labour Relations, which provides a detailed description of such injuries. Permit-To-Work System The system that allows central control and ongoing monitoring of higher risk activities on a site and in particular to ensure that activities are authorised, carried out by qualified personnel using appropriate safety precautions and that activities with potentially hazardous interactions do not take place at the same time.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The collective term describing clothing and equipment used to protect the individual against agents hazardous to health. Photographic film Film with emulsion sensitive to ionising radiation. The degree of blackening is related to dose. Photon A quantum of electromagnetic radiation. PHSER Project Health, Safety and Environmental Reviews. Physical Agents For example, noise and vibration, ionising and non-ionising radiation, extreme temperatures, humidity. Physical Effects Modelling The estimation of the magnitude of a potential 'top event' using mathematical models and correlations. The models and correlations are typically design tools, such as: dispersion, fire-heat flux and temperature versus time, explosion overpressures and structural response. Physical Ergonomics Physical ergonomics is concerned with human anatomical, anthropometric, physiological and biomechanical characteristics as they relate to physical activity. (Relevant topics include working postures, materials handling, repetitive movements, work related musculoskeletal disorders, workplace layout, safety and health). P&ID Process & Instrumentation Diagram. Pilot Person qualified/designated to take charge of ships entering or leaving port. Place of Safety Place remote from the actual and foreseeable harmful effects of any major accident where first aid can be administered. Planning Supervisor A company, organisation or individual appointed by the ADNOC (or Group Companies) to manage and coordinate the health and safety aspects of a construction project design. Also responsible for ensuring the pre-tender Health and Safety Plan and Health and Safety File is prepared. PLL Potential Loss of Life.

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Pneumatic Test Pressure or leak test utilising a gas as the test medium. Pollutant A substance, material or energy whose discharges to, or concentration in, the environment as a result of industrial activity is subject to regulations and/or guidelines, which may be expressed in terms of composition, concentration, total discharge rate, pollutant discharge rate or a combination of these. Pollution Any emission as a result of human activity which may be harmful to human health or the quality of the environment, cause offence to any human senses, result in damage to material property, or impair or interfere with amenities and other legitimate uses of the environment. POP Persistent Organic Pollutant. Positron See beta-particle. PPA Petroleum Ports Authority. PPC Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control. Term used to describe the regulatory regime applying to certain types of industrial process, under the PPC Regulations. PPD Permanent Partial Disability. PPE Personal Protective Equipment. Any device or appliance designed to be worn or held by an individual for protection against one or more health and safety hazards. PTD Permanent Total Disability. Practice Accepted methods or means of accomplishing stated tasks. Prevention Completely eliminating a threat, escalation factor or a hazard. Prevention of Pollution Use of processes, practices, materials or products that avoid, reduce or control pollution, which may include recycling, treatment, process changes, control mechanisms, efficient use of resources and material substitution.

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Primary Containment Equipment that contains hazardous material such as flammable liquid or LPG and prevents it reaching the environment. (See also Secondary Containment). Principal Contractor The main contractor appointed by ADNOC (or Group Companies) to carry out design, construction, consultancy work that relates to an ADNOC (or Group Companies) construction project. Probability The mathematical chance that a given event will occur. Procedural Controls These include: supervision, work methods, housekeeping, personal hygiene, information, instruction and training. Procedure A documented series of steps to be carried out in a logical order for a defined operation or in a given situation. Process A logical sequence of inter-related activities. Process Discharge A discharge from a process operation, treated or untreated, diluted or undiluted, which takes place, either intermittently or continuously, on a regular basis and is caused by operating that process. Producer Responsibility Principle that the producer and others involved in the sale of goods must take responsibility for the goods at the end of their life. Programme A Programme is a management tool for meeting an established objective. A Programme is less comprehensive than a System and is typically composed of two steps: ‘plan’ and ‘implement’. A Programme usually addresses issues that have either limited scope or limited time frame. Property Damage A result of accidental damage or loss to property. Proton An elementary particle with unit atomic mass approximately and unit positive electric charge. Proximity Principle The principle that waste must generally be disposed of as near to the place of production as possible. For ADNOC Group Companies, disposal of hazardous waste will generally be to the RIWMF (current) and BeAAT Facility (future). Public

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Anybody not directly employed by ADNOC, the ADNOC Group Companies or contractors (including sub-contractors) working for ADNOC and/or Group Companies. Public Risk Identical to Individual Risk but relates to the public rather than the ‘named individual’ who is usually employed by ADNOC, the ADNOC Group Companies or contractors (including sub-contractors) working for ADNOC and/or Group Companies. PTW Permit-To-Work

Q Qualified Person A health care professional who is qualified to carry out certain medical checks for the purpose of health surveillance or fitness for employment. QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment. Qualified Person Person appropriately qualified to carry out certain medical checks for health surveillance purposes. Quality factor (Symbol Q) Term used for radiation weighting factor in ICRP-26 (1977, 1987), redefined in ICRP-60 (1990). Besides the numerical values of the various types of radiation have been reviewed (Table F.1, Appendix F). Quantitative Risk Assessment A structured approach to assessing the potential for incidents and expressing this potential numerically. In QRA statistical values are derived for potential loss of life and damage to resources and environment. Note: These values should not be interpreted as unavoidable and acceptable losses. It should always be recognised that the calculated fatality (or loss) figures are based on experience, statistical failure and incident rates representing an average historical quality of management. Incident investigations usually show that these ‘historical’ incidents were, with the benefit of hindsight, quite preventable. QRA is a tool which helps to translate this hindsight into foresight (planning) in order to assist management in deciding the best approach and show ways and means (eg improved engineering, procedures, supervision, etc) to prevent the potential incidents from happening. QRA is not to be used to justify or encourage risk taking.

R RAC Radiation Advisory Committee. Rad The pre-SI unit of absorbed dose; equal to 0.01 J/kg (see Gray).

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Radiation (generic) The emission and propagation of energy through space or through a material medium in the form of waves; for instance, the emission and propagation of electromagnetic waves, or of sound and elastic waves. The energy propagated through space or through a material medium as waves; for example, energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or of elastic waves. The term radiation or radiant energy, when unqualified, usually refers to electromagnetic radiation. Such radiation commonly is classified, according to frequency, as hertzian, infrared, visible (light), ultraviolet, X-ray, and γ-ray (see Photon). By extension, corpuscular emissions, such as α-, β- and n-radiation, or rays of mixed or unknown type, as cosmic radiation. Radiation (Background -) Radiation arising from radioactive material other than the one directly under consideration. Background radiation due to cosmic rays and natural radioactivity is always present. There may also be background radiation due to the presence of radioactive substances in other parts of the building, in the building material itself, etc. See also Appendix C. Radiation (External -) Radiation from a source outside the human body (e.g. γ and x-rays). Radiation (Internal -) Radiation from a source within the body (as a result of potassium 40 or deposition of radionuclides in body tissues). See also ALI. Radiation (Ionising -) See ionising radiation. Radiation (Primary -) The useful beam of X-ray equipment. Radiation (Scattered -) Radiation which during its passage through a substance, has been deviated in direction. It may also have been modified by a decrease in energy. Radiation weighting factor (Symbol wR) The radiation weighting factor is the factor by which absorbed doses are multiplied to obtain (for radiation protection purposes) a quantity that expresses - on a common scale for all types of ionising radiation - the biological effectiveness of the absorbed dose. Radioactive Possessing the property of radioactivity.

Radioactive waste Any waste containing radionuclides (i.e. a nuclide that is radioactive). Frequently categorised according to activity content and other criteria as low

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level (see LSA scale), intermediate level and high level waste. Disposal of radioactive waste is subject to national and international legislation. Radioactivity The property of certain nuclides of spontaneously emitting particles or electromagnetic radiation. Radiography Photography with the use of ionising radiation. Radiological protection The science and practice of limiting the harm to human beings from radiation. Radionuclide An unstable nuclide that emits ionising radiation. Radium (Symbol Ra) Decay product from the 238U- and 232Th-decay series. The chemistry of Ra is similar to that of Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr) and Barium (Ba). Therefore it may co-precipitate with Ca-, Sr- or Ba-containing deposits leading to LSA scale. Radon (Symbol Rn) Gaseous nuclide from the 238U- and 232Th-decay series. The Radon from the 232Th-decay series is also named Thoron. May appear as NORM nuclide in natural gas. RCF Refractory Ceramic Fibre. Recovery Preparedness Measures (sometimes 'Recovery Measures') All technical, operational and organisational measures that limit the chain of consequences arising from the first hazardous event (or 'top event'). These can 1) reduce the likelihood that the first hazardous event or 'top event' will develop into further consequences and 2) provide life saving capabilities should the 'top event' develop further. Recreational Diving Diving carried out by a person(s) for recreational purposes while not at work. Recycling The reprocessing of waste into the same or a different product. Typical recyclable wastes include glass, paper, plastics etc. Reduction Process of reducing the quantity of waste produced through the review of operational practices and optimal use of raw materials. Regulation (for HSE)

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The process of being controlled by HSE Laws & Regulations, the verification that these are applied and the enforcement of corrective action where shortfalls and gaps are observed.” As consequence, a ‘regulator’ sets the standards and verifies that these are applied. The verification process may involve external parties which are independent of the process of standard setting and are also independent of the organisation(s) which have to apply the standards. The regulator also enforces correction in case that standards are not being met and/or complied with. This enforcement is sometimes achieved by penalties or other punitive measures. Also refer to definition for Self-regulation. Rem The pre-SI unit of dose equivalent; equal to 0.01 J/kg (see Sievert). Reportable Contractor On Site All non-employees contracted to perform services for an ADNOC member on an ADNOC member's work-site are considered reportable contractors. These worksites include company-owned and directly managed properties and transport vehicles dedicated to fulltime company service. For example, mail and courier personnel, other incidental delivery personnel (such as vending machine and fast food delivery workers), casual visitors and workers hired by independently operated commercial and retail sites are not considered reportable contractors, even if they are involved in an incident on a company worksite. Off Site For offsite contractors, the following table provides the criteria for classification. Reportable •

worksite is dedicated to an ADNOC • Group Company work, e.g. fabrication shop, but excludes workers hired by independently • operated commercial and retail sites • (e.g. associates and agents)

•

task is directly supervised by an ADNOC Group Company

•

task is directly related and exclusive to the ADNOC Group Company, e.g. • carrier hauling your product to your customer

Non-Reportable contractor worksite not exclusive to a ADNOC Group Company subcontractors used for “parts” work when the work relationship between the ADNOC Group Company and contractor ends (e.g. trucker who does work for ADNOC Group Company during only one leg of a trip) contractor in full control of work activities

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Reportable Contractor Exposure Hours The total number of hours of work performed by the contractor including overtime and training but excluding leave, sickness and other absences. Contractor exposure hours may be estimated if necessary but, in order to determine realistic injury frequencies for contractors, the contractor work exposure hours must be relatively accurate. Reportable Injury Total reportable injuries are the sum of fatalities, permanent total disabilities, lost time cases, and cases involving restriction of work or motion, medical treatment or loss of consciousness. Responsible Person This is usually the person with responsibility for Occupational Health within individual Group Companies. The ‘Responsible Person’ has duties such as the non-invasive examination of employees for the detection of adverse reactions to hazardous substances/agents used in the workplace. Restricted Work A work-related injury or illness which results in an individual being unable to perform all normally assigned work functions during any scheduled work shift; or being assigned to another job on a temporary or permanent basis after the day of the injury or illness. Less than normal assigned work functions include: − Performing all duties or normally assigned work functions but at less than full-time schedule − Performing limited duties during normally assigned full-time schedule Restricted work activity occurs when the employee, because of the job-related injury or illness, is physically or mentally unable to perform all or any part of his or her normal assignment during all or any part of the normal workday or shift. The emphasis is on the employee’s inability to perform normal job duties over a normal work shift. “Normally assigned work” means any tasks that the employee performs or is expected to perform as part of their job. A case is not considered to be Restricted Work if the following three conditions are met: 1. there is no medical treatment required 2. the worker is fully capable of doing all tasks that had been scheduled to be performed during the period 3. there have been no explicit restrictions placed on the worker by a medical professional. This allows implementing preventive measures to reduce the risk of aggravating an otherwise minor injury. Restricted Workdays The number of restricted workdays is the total number of calendar days counting from the day of starting restricted work until the person returns to his/her regular job.

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Note: After an ill/injured person is permanently transferred to another job as a result of an occupational illness/injury, no restricted workdays are to be reported and the illness/injury is to be reported as a permanent partial disability. Restricted Workday Cases (RWDC) Any work-related injury or illness, other than a fatality or lost workday case, which results in a person being unfit for full performance of the regular job within 24 hours after the moment on which the occupational injury was received or illness determined. * *

A Restricted Workday Case is not a Lost Workday Case, provided that the person can return to work (any work assigned) within 24 hours after the moment on which the occupational injury was received. A Restricted Workday Case occurs when the injured person is temporarily assigned to do other, less strenuous work e.g. − an assignment to a temporary job; − part-time work at the regular job; − continuation full-time in the regular job but not performing all the usual duties of the job.

Where no meaningful restricted work is being performed, the incident is recorded as a lost workday case (LWDC). Restrictive Conductive Location A location comprised mainly of metallic or conductive surrounding parts, within which it is likely that a person will come into contact through a substantial portion of his body with the conductive surrounding parts, and where the possibility of preventing this contact is limited. Inside a steel storage tank or vessel is considered to be a Restrictive Conductive Location. Re-use The reuse of a material without reprocessing. Review (HSE) Periodic review of HSE performance and effectiveness of HSEMS by means of documented performance data. HSE review is conducted at multiple organisation levels in varying level of detail. RICE Regular Interlaboratory Counting Exchange (UK-HSE). Risk Risk is the product of the measure of the likelihood of occurrence of an undesired event and the potential adverse consequences which this event may have upon: - People – injury or harm to physical or psychological health - Assets (or Revenue) – damage to property (assets) or loss of production - Environment – water, air, soil, animals, plants and social

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Reputation – employees and third parties. This includes the liabilities arising from injuries and property damage to third parties including the cross liabilities that may arise between the interdependent ADNOC Group Companies.

Risk = Frequency x Consequences. Risk (in food safety) A function of the probability of an adverse health effect and the severity of that effect, consequential to a hazard(s) in food. Risk Analysis An imprecise term which infers the quantified calculation of probabilities and risks without taking any judgements about their relevance. Risk Assessment The process of determination of risk, usually in a quantitative or semiquantitative manner. It is an evaluation of the likelihood of undesired events and the likelihood of harm or damage being caused together with the value judgements made concerning the significance of the results. Note the difference between Risk Assessment and Task Risk Assessment in this Guidance. Risk Classification A rating used to derive an appreciation of the relative risk from a hazard. The Risk Matrix may be used to assist to determine this rating. Both the relative probability and the potential consequence are categorised by 5 point scales. The product of the two is the risk classification. Risk Estimation The outcome or consequence of an Intention, taking into account the probability of occurrence. Risk Evaluation The determination of the significance of the estimated risks. Risk Factor In connection with ionising radiation, the probability of cancer and leukaemia or hereditary damage per unit dose equivalent. Usually refers to fatal malignant diseases and serious genetic damage. Expressed in Sv-1. Risk Management The process of implementing decisions about accepting or altering risks. Risk Matrix The matrix portraying risk as the product of probability and consequence, used as the basis for qualitative risk determination. Considerations for the assessment of probability are shown on the horizontal axis. Considerations for the assessment of consequence are shown on the vertical axis. Four consequence categories are included: impact on people, assets, environment

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and reputation. Plotting the intersection of the two considerations on the matrix provides an estimate of the risk. Risk Perception The overall view held by an individual or group about a particular risk. Röntgen (Symbol R) The pre-SI unit of exposure. One röntgen is the dose given by a radiation field that produces ionisation, due to secondary electrons, of one electrostatic unit of charge per cm2 (NTP) of air. It is equal to 2.58x10-4 coulomb per kilogramme (C/kg) of air. Root Cause The initiating event that begins the chain of events that leads to an incident usually an active failure. ROPME Regional Organisation for Protection of Marine Environment. Routine Exposure Monitoring Exposure measurements carried out on a regular basis to a specified protocol to check if exposure conditions have changed. ROV/RCV Remotely operated vehicle/Remotely Control Vehicle. RPA Radiation Protection Advisor. RPE Respiratory protective equipment (including breathing apparatus). RSI Repetitive Strain Injury. ROPME Regional Organisation for Protection of Marine Environment. RWDC Restricted Workday Cases.

S Safe A condition in which all hazards inherent in an operation have either been eliminated or are controlled such that their associated risks are both below a tolerable threshold and are reduced to a level which is as low as reasonably practicable. Safety (HSE) Case A demonstration of how the Company HSE objectives are being met in a methodical and auditable reference document. A completed Case will provide

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a reference document to all information relevant to the safety and health of the operations personnel, environment and resources on an installation. Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) An Extra-Low Voltage system which is electrically separated from earth and from other systems in such a way that a single fault cannot give rise to the risk of electric shock. Safe System Of Work All the safety precautions (as defined and analysed by a Risk Assessment) that must be used to carry out a specified task safely. Safety Management System An outline of the safety goals for a site and a description of how the site is managed to reach those goals. In ADNOC Group the SMS is incorporated within Group Company HSEMS. Sampling Collection of samples of a material (such as a discharge or process stream) for immediate or subsequent analysis or other form of measurement. Sampling may be continuous or intermittent, and manual or automated. SAR Search and rescue. Scenario An idealised description of a potential incident. Scientific and Archaeological Diving Diving carried out for the pursuance of scientific or archaeological activities. Screening Criterion 1. a value which should not be exceeded to prevent effects, or 2. a value against which the risk tolerability of the identified hazard or effect can be judged, or 3. a principle or Code of Practice reflecting a generally accepted quality standard to perform an activity (e.g. every hardware modification will be subject to a plant change procedure). A Screening Criterion can be established based for example on legal requirements or scientifically derived limits, or other considerations such as acceptability of risk (probability of occurrence times severity of consequence). SD Surface Decompresion Sealed substance (or source) A radioactive substance sealed in an impervious container which has sufficient mechanical strength to prevent contact with and dispersion of the radioactive substance under the conditions of use and wear for which it was designed.

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Secondary Containment Equipment or structures that prevent the spread of hazardous material such as flammable liquid or LPG in the event of spillage / leakage from primary containment. Self-assessment The process whereby an evaluation is performed by a unit or facility, as directed by line management, to determine how well its programs and procedures satisfy legal requirements and conform to the Expectations of the HSEMS. Self-sufficiency The principle of dealing with waste in the area/region/ country where the waste arises. Self-regulation (for HSE) Being ‘Self-Regulatory’ means that ADNOC must comply with all relevant Abu Dhabi and UAE Federal Laws and that the monitoring of legal compliance will be carried out internally and ADNOC will not be subject to direct external regulatory scrutiny. Self-rescue Set See "Escape Breathing Apparatus". Sensitiser A chemical or biologically derived substance that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical. Series (Radioactive -) A succession of nuclides, each of which transforms by radioactive disintegration into the next until a stable nuclide results. The first member is called the "parent", the intermediate members are called "daughters", and the final stable member is called the "end product". Serious Incident A generic category which includes all incidents with actual or potential consequences of catastrophic, severe and critical nature. *

A serious Incident is not the same as a Major Accident.

Severity The degree to which an agent hazardous to health can cause harm. Note: Severity is sometimes calculated as a numerical performance measure i.e. of the total lost workdays resulting, and where necessary estimated as going to result, from occupational illnesses which occurred during the reporting period divided by the total of lost workday cases plus permanent partial disabilities, and represents average days away. This performance measure is not recognised by ADNOC. Shield

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A body of material used to prevent or reduce the passage of particles or radiation. Shipper Sometimes referred to as "consignor". The shipper is a person or company acting either alone or on behalf of somebody else, who consigns dangerous goods for transport. The shipper instigates the movement and instructs the haulier to transport the goods. Shortfall An area for improvement. SI Abbreviation of "Système International d'Unités", the International System of Units, recommended for general use. Sickbay A room for the treatment of the sick or injured. Sievert (Symbol Sv) The unit of (effective) dose equivalent. The sievert has the dimension of joule per kilogramme. The dose equivalent in sievert is numerically equal to the absorbed dose in grays multiplied by the quality factor (see Gray and radiation weighting factor). Significant Environmental Impact Adverse environmental impact that exceeds pre-defined criteria. ADNOC distinguishes between planned and accidental significant impacts, with different criteria for both. The criteria are defined in ADNOC document ‘Code of Practice on Environmental Impact Assessment’. SIL Safety Integrity Level - a measure of the required reliability of instrument driven safety systems. Site Manager The ADNOC (or Group Company) appointed Manager at a particular work site. SMART Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-based. SMS Safety Management System.

Societal Risk (SR) Societal risk is generally used to describe multiple injury accidents/fatalities, or to describe risks to ‘unnamed’ individuals, which could include the public and is usually described by F-N Curves (Frequency vs. Deaths listed in increasing order of magnitude, 10, 100, 1000 etc.). Societal Risk may also be calculated

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as a single value known as “Expectation Value” (EV) or “Potential Loss of Life” (PLL), which is given by the expression: SR = ∑ Frequency of hazard occurring X Proportion of time person(s) are exposed X Number of people exposed X Vulnerability SOLAS Safety Of Life At Sea - an IMO convention. Source Term Consequence models that define the rate and conditions at which hazardous material reaches the environment. They often provide input to other types of consequence models. Span-Of-Control The number of people for whom a single manager is responsible without compromising safety or efficiency. Special Waste Any waste defined as hazardous waste under the US EPA system. SPC Supreme Petroleum Council. Specific activity Total activity of a given nuclide per unit mass of the specific material. Specified Waste Management Activity Within the context of Pollution Prevention & Control, means the disposal of waste to landfill, the disposal of hazardous waste other than by incineration or landfill, in a facility with a capacity exceeding 10 tonnes per day, the disposal of waste oils, other than by incineration or landfill, in a facility with a capacity exceeding 10 tonnes per day or the disposal of non-hazardous waste in a facility with a capacity exceeding 50 tonnes per day. Also covers recovering by distillation any waste oil or solvent, cleaning or regenerating ion exchange resins, solvent , reclamation/ regeneration, recovery of components from catalysts and oil re-refining or other reuses of oil. Spill (environmental) A spill is any loss of containment that reaches the environment, irrespective of the quantity recovered. Stakeholder To be defined.

Standard A prescribed set of rules, conditions or requirements. Standard is an allinclusive term denoting specifications, recommended practices, procedures, guidelines, philosophies and handbooks.

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Standby Diver A diver other than the working diver(s) who is dressed and with equipment immediately available to provide assistance to the working diver(s) in an emergency. Statement of fitness An affirmation by the asset holder that (HSE) conditions are satisfactory to continue operation. STEL Short Term Exposure Limit. Limits established by the ACGIH that represent the maximum concentrations workers can be exposed to for 15-minute periods without suffering adverse effects with certain excursion limits. Stochastic effect Stochastic effects are those for which the probability of an effect occurring, rather than its severity, is regarded as a function of dose, without a threshold. STWC International Convention On Standards Of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping For Seafarers [6]. An IMO convention. Subcontractor Any person or company employed under contract by an ADNOC (or Group Companies) contractor to carry out work for ADNOC (or Group Companies) (irrespective of period of contract or employment.). Substance Any chemical element and its compounds and any biological entity or microorganism, except radioactive substances or genetically modified organisms. Substance Hazardous to Health Any solid, liquid, vapour, gas or infectious agent used or produced in the workplace which may cause a harmful effect to the human body (except by physical means alone) either in the short or long term. Substances Which Constitute a Major Accident Hazard A substance constitutes a hazard by virtue of its intrinsic chemical properties or of its temperature and pressure or some combination of these. A substance is a ‘Major Accident Hazard’ if, because of its intrinsic chemical properties, temperature, pressure and inventory, it has the potential to result in a ‘Major Accident’.

Substandard Practice An action, behaviour, or attitude that could or has resulted in harm, loss, or damage to people, property, environment, or reputation, or is in breach of legislation, policies, procedures, or recognised standards and practices.

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Substandard Condition Any object or condition that could or has resulted in harm, loss, or damage to people, property, environment, or reputation, or is in breach of legislation, policies, procedures, or recognised standards and practices. It also includes tools, equipment, machinery, plant, materials, and fixtures that are substandard in their present working or static condition or operational outside their intended use. Substantial Change A change in an operation which may have significant negative effects on human beings or the environment. Suitability Property of a HSECES that it is of a design and specification such that it is capable of fulfilling its intended function. SPC Supreme Petroleum Council Survivability Conditions necessary for a HSECES to remain functional during an incident until it has performed its function. Sustainable development Development which can meet the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable Waste Management Using material resources efficiently to reduce the quantity of waste produced. System A management tool for meeting an established objective made up of four steps: plan, implement, measure/evaluate and adjust. SWL Safe Working Load.

T Tactical Response Team A team of individuals trained in a specific type of emergency response (fire fighting, rescue, oil spill, chemical spill). Target (environmental) Detailed performance requirement, quantified where practicable, applicable to the organisation or parts thereof, that arises from the environmental objectives and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectives Task A set pattern of operations which alone, or together with other tasks, may be used to achieve a goal. Task Force

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ICS Resource Group assembled for a specific mission. Task Risk Analysis Task Analysis is the process of assessing what a worker does and why, step by step, and analysing this information to develop control systems. Task Risk Assessment A process of formal identification, recording and assessment of the risks involved in any particular operation so that appropriate controls can be introduced. Team Lowest level ICS resource Group. TENR Acronym for Technologically Enhanced Natural Radiation. TENR is the exposure due to truly natural sources of radiation, which would not occur without (or are increased by) some technological activity not expressly designed to produce radiation. Teratogen Chemical agent which causes damage to genetic material. Thorium (Symbol Th) A naturally occurring radioactive element (average abundance in the earth's crust in the order of 10 ppm). It consists of almost 100% 232Th, the parent nuclide of a radioactive decay series. Thoron See Radon. Threat A possible cause that will potentially release a hazard and produce an incident. Threat classes include damage caused by: thermal (high temperature), chemical (corrosion), biological (bacteria), radiation (ultraviolet), kinetic (fatigue), electrical (high voltage), climatic condition (poor visibility), uncertainty (unknowns) or human factors (competence). Threat barrier All measures taken to reduce the probability of release of a hazard. Measures put in place to block the effect of a threat. Types include guards or shields (coatings, inhibitors, shutdowns), separation (time and space), reduction in inventory, control of energy release (lower speeds, safety valves, different fuel source) and administrative (procedures, warnings, training, drills).

Tinnitus This is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present. It is often referred to as ‘ringing

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in the ears’ although some people hear hissing, roaring, whistling, chirping or clicking. Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant with single or multiple tones and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering. It is not a disease, just the ability to hear sounds generated by the auditory (hearing ) system, evidence of compensatory mechanisms that are part of its normal function. Tissue weighting factor (Symbol wT) The factor by which the equivalent dose in an organ or tissue is weighted. It represents the relative contribution of that organ or tissue to the total detriment due to these effects resulting from uniform irradiation of the body. TLV – Treshold Limit Value ACGIH term for OEL. These values are assigned based upon evidence of the level (i.e. the threshold) at which an adverse health effect may occur in the vast majority of the population. TLVs are not restricted to chemical agents. ADNOC has adopted ACGIH TLVs. ACGIH defines three categories of TLVs as follows (* see note): a)

Threshold Limit Value - Time-Weighted Average (TLV-TWA): the timeweighted average concentration for a conventional 8-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek, to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effects.

b)

Threshold Limit Value – Short-Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL): the concentration to which it is believed that workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without suffering from: 1) irritation, 2) chronic or irreversible tissue damage, or 3) narcosis of sufficient degree to increase the likelihood of accidental injury, impair self-rescue or materially reduce work efficiency, and provide that the daily TLV-TWA is not exceeded. A STEL is a 15-minute TWA exposure which should not be exceeded at any time during a workday, even if the 8-hour TWA is within the TLVTWA.

c)

Threshold Limit Value –Ceiling (TLV-C): the concentration that should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure.

Note: The above are abbreviated versions of the ACGIH definitions. TOC Total Organic Compounds.

Tolerability Criteria

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Expresses the level of risk deemed tolerable for a given period or phase of activities. May be expressed qualitatively or represented quantitatively on the Risk Matrix by shaded areas. Top Event Specific incident scenario described by a fault tree. The 'release' of a hazard. The undesired event at the end of the fault tree and at the beginning of an event tree. The centre point in a 'Bow-Tie' Diagram. TOR Terms of Reference Total Reportable Illnesses Total reportable illnesses are the sum of all occupational illnesses, whether or not they resulted in deaths, permanent total disabilities, permanent partial disabilities, lost workday cases, or restricted work cases. Total Reportable Illness Frequency The total reportable illness frequency is the number of total reportable illnesses per million working hours worked during the reporting period. Thus Total Reportable Illness Frequency = Total Reportable Illnesses x 1,000,000 Total Working Hours Total Reportable Injury Rate (TRIR) The number of reportable injuries (Fatalities + Permanent Total Disabilities + Partial Total Disabilities + Lost Workday Cases + Restricted Work Cases + Medical Treatment Cases) per 1,000,000 hours worked. TRIR does not include First Aid Cases. Total Sickness absence Total workforce absence on the grounds of incapacity to work due to sickness for any reason, in which absences for pregnancy, childbirth are excluded. Total sickness absence is expressed as a percentage of total workdays available, thus the formula for total sickness absence is: Total number of absence days (calendar days) of employees x 100% Total number of available working days (calendar days) Toxicology The study of the adverse effects of chemicals (poisons) on living organisms and biological systems. Toxic Substance Substance which is poisonous to living organisms and biological systems. TRA Task Risk Assessment.

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Tracer (Isotopic -) The isotope or non-natural mixture of isotopes of an element which may be incorporated into a sample to permit observation of the course of that element, alone or in combination, through a chemical, biological, or physical process. Training Training encompasses the steps necessary to ensure that employees and contractors have the job competencies (knowledge, skills and values) necessary to fulfil their environmental, health and safety responsibilities. Transmission See Attenuation. Transport Operator Any person or company providing means of transport, including road vehicles and ships, for the carriage of goods. TRIR Total Reportable Injury Rate. Tritium (Symbol 31H, 3H or H-3, sometimes T) The hydrogen isotope with one proton and two neutrons in the nucleus. TSA Training Services Agency (UK). TWA Time Weighted Average.

U UAE United Arab Emirates. UK-HSE Heath and Safety Executive (UK). UK-HSE United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive. Unclassified Area Plant area that does not have a hazardous area classification (See Classification of Hazardous Area). UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea. Uncontrolled Occurrence An event that escalates, or has the potential to escalate, so that it is beyond the normal span of operations over which control can be exercised.

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Uncontrolled Release An incident involving an accidental release of hydrocarbons, toxic substances, or other hazardous substances. UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation Unified Command ICS principle to provide efficient emergency response involving multiple organisations Unit A part or group in a complex organisation with a specific purpose/function e.g. Business Unit, Production/Maintenance Operations Department, Drilling Department. Unsafe Act Something a person does that can cause an accident or injury. Unsafe Condition A situation, which, if it continues, can lead to an incident. Uranium (Symbol U) A naturally occurring radioactive element (average abundance in the earth's crust in the order of 3 ppm). Natural Uranium consists of 99.276% 238U, 0.7196% 235U and 0.0057% 234U. Only 238U is of interest from a dosimetric point of view. 238U is the parent nuclide of a radioactive decay series. USCG United States Coastguard. Used Oil Term used to include spent engine oil, lubricants, process oil, mineral oil etc. USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency. USCG United States Coastguard USN United States Navy. UTM Universal Traverse Mercator.

V VDU (VDT) Visual Display Unit or Visual Display Terminal - any alphanumeric (containing both letters and numbers) or graphic display screen, regardless of the display process involved.

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Vehicle Incidents Incidents involving motorised vehicles designed for transporting people and goods over land, e.g. cars, buses, trucks. Pedestrians struck by a vehicle are classified as vehicle incidents. Incidents involving a mobile crane would only be vehicle incidents if the crane were being moved between locations. Verification The process by which an independent competent person confirms that all necessary activities to assure the integrity of HSECES have been undertaken. Verification Scheme Formal procedure for carrying out verification. Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Rules requiring aircraft to remain at specified distances from cloud, and in specified flight visibility in order not to have to comply with the Instrument Flight Rules. In essence, see and be seen. VOC Volatile Organic Compound.

W Walk-Through Survey A walk-through survey is designed to provide an overview of health hazards and associated potential exposures involving a particular working population. WASP Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (UK-HSE). Waste Wide ranging term taken to include any scrap material, effluent or unwanted surplus substance or article which requires to be disposed of. Explosive and radioactive wastes are included. Emissions are excluded. Waste Arisings The quantity of waste generated in an area over a given period of time. Waste Hierarchy Principle of managing waste which recognises the benefits of reducing, reusing, and recycling wastes as preferred options over disposal. Waste Inventory Document identifying all sources of waste generated by a facility, and the amounts for each of the waste sources. Waste Profile Sheet The document that describes the chemical characteristic of the waste (e.g. acidic, alkaline), the response required in case of spillage and the first aid measures in case of exposure.

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Waste Treatment Physical, chemical or biological processing of waste in order to make it harmless, reduce its volume or for recycling. WBGT Wet Bulb Globe Temperature. WBV Whole Body Vibration. Wet Bell A basket with a closed top section which is capable of containing a dry gaseous atmosphere to provide a refuge for the divers. It is not a pressure vessel. A main supply umbilical will come from the surface to the wet bell with the divers having their own separate umbilical, which terminate at the wet bell. A supply of spare gas will be carried on the wet bell. Also called an open bottom bell. WHO World Health Organization. Worker Anybody who is directly employed by ADNOC, the ADNOC Group Companies or contractors (including sub-contractors) working for ADNOC and/or Group Companies. Work Equipment Any item of equipment, tool or machine used at or around the work place. Work History of Employee Exposure A record of an employee's exposure profile during his/her working career with the company. At its simplest, it consists of name, employee identification number and a list of Job Type Codes and dates. Working Hours Working hours represent the total number of hours of employment including overtime and training but excluding leave, sickness and other absences. Workplace A location owned by an ADNOC Group Company or a location where plant is operated by, or on behalf of, an ADNOC Group Company. Work Injury A work injury is an injury or illness, regardless of severity, which arises from a single event (or a number of events close together in time) in the course of employment. Worst Case Consequence The worst possible HSE consequences in terms of harm resulting from a hazardous event. For this to occur, all critical defences in place must have failed.

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Worst Case Measurement Quantified personal exposure measurement of events involving potentially high exposure. Written Scheme of Examination Detailed listing of activities to be carried out by an independent competent person during the verification process for certain HSECES. Work-Related Upper Limb Disorders The phrase ‘Work-related Upper Limb Disorders’ is a general label which is used to refer to a range of medical conditions which can be caused or made worse by work. The symptoms of Work-related Upper Limb Disorders may include pain, changes in the appearance of the limb, reduction in the ability using the affected part of the limb, restriction in the range or speed of movement, and weakness of strength and sensation of limb. There are a number of common terms, which are also in use to describe the same conditions, for example ‘repetitive strain injury (RSI)’, ‘cumulative trauma disorder (CTD)’, or ‘occupational overuse syndrome (OOS)’. These common terms can be misleading with regard to the many factors, which can contribute to the onset of the conditions, and for this reason the more general description of ‘upper limb disorders’ is used in the ADNOC Manual of HSE Codes of Practice. Workstation Means an assembly comprising: i. display screen equipment (whether provided with software determining the interface between the equipment and its operator or user, a keyboard or any other input device), ii. any optional accessories to the display screen equipment, iii. any disk drive, telephone, modem, printer, document holder, work chair, work desk, work surface or other item peripheral to the display screen equipment, and iv. the immediate work environment around the display screen equipment. WRULD Work-Related Upper Limb Disorders.

X X-rays A discrete quantity of electromagnetic energy, without mass or charge. Energy contained much higher than than that of visible light. They are usually produced by bombarding a metallic target with fast electrons in a high vacuum, as occurs in an X-ray machine. In some countries X-rays are called "Röntgen"-rays.