Add1 Mod A4 Dans Les Cachots Des Seigneurs Des Cha Nes v1 2

 

Eimuad md milgil O= Mols ads nonjits mds sdkhldurs mds njoìlds por Aowrdlnd ^njknf TLD OSDL]TRD PITR MD^ PDR^ILLOHD^ MD LKSDOT = À 8

Pkëhës mols ads nonjits mds sdkhldurs dsnaovohkstds ! Ads niurohdux ovdlturkdrs mikvdlt triuvdr uld kssud dl ld nieptolt qud sur adur kltdaakhdlnd dt adur niurohd. Eoks y orrkvdrilt-kas ovolt ao mdstruntkil titoad por ad tdrrkbad mrohil md ao ]drrd ]drrd 9  À a‛irkh a‛irkhkld, kld, nd eimua eimuadd o ëtë nilèu nilèu piur ao ﬏load ﬏load mu mu tiurl tiurlik ik ic﬏nkd ic﬏nkdaa OM&M OM&M à ao HdlNil HdlNil ZKKK 6 ka onjêv onjêvdd uld uld sërkd sërkd md quotr quotrdd eimuads eimuads md tiurl tiurlik ik akës akës dltr dltrdd dux dt primukts por ]^R. Nd eimuad niltkdlt ul snëlorki mkc﬏nkad piur giudurs dxpërkedltës, ad borêed mds piklts dl tiurlik oklsk qud lduc ﬏njds md pdrsilloh pdrsillohds ds prërdepakds dt tdstëds dl niepëtktkil. Sius triuvdrdz oussk mds nortds à hrolmd ënjdaad, mds litds dt mds klcireotkils nilndrlolt ad nomrd md ndttd ovdlturd. Ad  eimuad  eimu ad O= sd suc﬏t suc﬏t à auk-eçe auk-eçed, d, eoks eoks ka pdut ouss ousskk çtrd çtrd utkaksë utkaksë dl niepaë niepaëedlt edlt mds eimua eimuads ds O? O? (Ads (Ads cissds cissds oux dsnaov dsnaovds ds md ao nktë nktë siutdr siutdrrokl rokld), d), O2 O2 (Ad (Ad  sdnrdt  sdnr dt mu cirt cirtkl kl mds mds dsnaovoh dsnaovohkstds kstds)) dt O> (À a‛os a‛ossout sout mu rdpokr rdpokrdd mds sdkhl sdkhldurs durs mds njoìl njoìlds). ds). Dt ld eolq eolqudz udz pos pos ads outr outrds ds eimua eimuads ds m‛ovdl m‛ovdlturd turd colt coltosostkqud md ao hoeed ]^R, ]jd Hoed Xkzorms. Mkstrkbuë oux T^O sur ad eornjë mu akvrd por Rolmie Jiusd Kln., ou Nolomo por Rolmie Jiusd ic Nolomo, Atm. Mkstrkbuë sur ad eornjë mu giudt por mds mkstrkbutdurs ainoux. Rêhads ovolnëds md Milgils & Mrohils, Rêhads ovolnëds M&M dt OM&M silt mds eorquds mëpisëds, priprkëtë md ]^R Jibbkds Kln. HdlNil dst uld eorqud md sdrvknd mëpisëd md ]^R Jibbkds, Kln. RÊHAD^ OSOLNËD^ MD MILGIL^ & MROHIL^, dst uld eorqud mëpisëd, priprkëtë md ]^R Jibbkds Kln. ®?;:?, md ]^R Jibbkds, Kln tius mrikts rësdrvës

]^R Jibbkds, Kln. PIB 843 Aofd Hdldvo, XK 4>?=8

;0=2

 

 OM&M Eimuad O=

 Ovolt md nieedlndr  Ovolt nieedlndr ad ad gdu, ad ad EM mikt akrd krd ottdltk ottdltkvdedl vdedltt ad eimuad eimuad dt sd coekakorksdr ovdn ad snëlorki. À mëcout, ka piurro rëvëadr onnkmdltdaadedlt mds klcireotkils dt mdvro possdr bdouniup md tdeps à akrd sikhldusdedlt ads mdsnrkptkils mds akdux md rdlniltrd murolt ad gdu. Ndao pdrturbdro ad mëriuadedlt mu gdu dt piurro aiurmdedlt pdsdr sur ad eklutohd mols ad nos m‛uld utkaksotkil dl tiurlik. Oprês adnturd, ad EM mënkmdro md giudr ad eimuad ou sdkl m‛uld noepohld iu mols ad nomrd m‛ul tiurlik piur adquda ka o ëtë nilèu. ^k ndttd iptkil dst rdtdlud, ad porohropjd litds porohropjd litds md tiurlik   cdro a‛ibgdt m‛uld ottdltkil portknuakêrd.

MOL^ AD^ NONJI]^ MD^ ^DKHLDTR^ MD^ NJOÌLD^ por Aowrdlnd ^njknf Jkstirkqud 7 Pdlmolt pauskdurs ollëds, mds bolmds irholksëds md eoroumdurs dt m‛dsnaovohkstds ilt jorndaë ads vkaads nýtkêrds md ao edr md Huëorlot. Huëor lot. Bkdl qud nds eoroumdurs ld sikdlt pos ads bkdlvdlus mols ads poys mds sdkhldurs dt mkrkhdolts qu‛kas pkaaokdlt, adurs mëprëmotkils ëtokdlt tiaërëds. Ads nilflkts dltrd ads sdkhldurs dt ad eolqud md cilms l‛ilt pdreks qud ao prihrdsskvd cirtk﬏notkil mds vkaads dt qudaquds niebots lovoas niltrd ads bolmkts. Rëndeedlt, ndpdlmolt, ads ottoquds mds dsnaovohkstds silt mdvdluds paus crëqudltds dt paus souvohds. Dstkeolt adurs prikds cokbads dt sols mëcdlsd ads pkaaorms ilt bröaë mds vkaaohds dltkdrs dt rosë ads eurs mds vkaads, rëmuksolt à a‛ëtot m‛dsnaovds tius ndux qu‛kas nopturokdlt.

Nieed mols ads outrds eimuads md ao sërkd O, ads mdsnrkptkils silt hëlëroadedlt mkvksëds dl mdux portkds. Ads dlnomrës dlnomrës niltkdlldlt  niltkdlldlt mds klcireotkils quk sdrilt ëvkmdltds piur ads pdrsillohds dl mëniuvrolt ad akdu md rdlniltrd. Niltrokrdedlt oux outrds eimuads md ndttd sërkd, mols nd eimuad ad tdxtd dlnomrë ld mikt pos çtrd au eit à eit. Ad EM trolsedttro a‛klcireotkil oux giudurs por uld mdsnrkptkil naosskqud, sukvkd md qudstkils-rëpilsds. Ad tdxtd jirs dlnomrë niltkdlt mds klcireotkils piur ad EM qud ads giudurs pduvdlt iu lil mëniuvrkr dl cilntkil mu mëriuadedlt mds ëvêldedlts sur ad akdu md rdlniltrd. N‛dst ul snëlorki kljobktuda, nor ads pdrsillohds y nieedlndlt prdsqud titoadedlt prkvës m‛ëqukpdedlt dt md sirts. Bdouniup md giudurs nilèikvdlt adur ovotor sdail adurs piuvikrs dt adurs pissdsskils pautýt qud nieed uld pdrsilld. Md tdas giudurs ourilt pribobadedlt bdouniup md eoa pdlmolt ads prdekêrds eklutds md gdu. Ka dst pisskbad qu‛kas sikdlt dl niaêrd niltrd ad EM piur ads ovikr eks mols uld tdaad sktuotkil « klgustd ¶. Kas dxkhdrilt iu edlmkdrilt mds nilndsskils. Ld adur milldz ounuld okmd   eçed s‛kas vius cilt md ao pdkld. Klciredz ads giudurs qu‛kas mikvdlt nieptdr sur nd qu‛kas ilt dt lil sur nd qu‛kas ilt a‛jobktumd m‛ovikr dt qud ndao nieprdlm adur ndrvdou dt adurs nklq sdls. Ads bils giudurs onnudkaadrilt viailtkdrs ad më﬏ md nd snëlorki. ]ius ads giudurs opprënkdrilt m‛outolt

Ads sdkhldurs mds poys rovohës ilt ﬏loadedlt mënkmë m‛ohkr, iubakolt adurs pdtktds njoeokaadrkds piur s‛ulkr niltrd ads eoroumdurs oux vikads  goulds.  gould s. Ads sdkhldur sdkhldurss ilt rdtriuv rdtriuvëë ao pkstd mds mds dsnaovohk dsnaovohkstds stds gusqu‛ gusqu‛àà a‛ul mds pirts à portkr muquda kas aolèokdlt adurs ottoquds ënaokr sur ao nýtd 7 ao nktë mëvostëd md Hrolmpirt mols ad Pieorg mësdrtkqud. Pautýt qud m‛dlviydr mds triupds, ads sdkhldurs ilt m‛obirm prumdeedlt dxpëmkë mds bolmds m‛ovdlturkdrs. Adur eksskil nilskstokt à mëniuvrkr ao cirtdrdssd prklnkpoad mds dsnaovohkstds dt ëakekldr adurs sdkhldurs, edttolt oklsk ﬏l à adur piuvikr.  Ovdn klhëlkis klhëlkisktë ktë dt niurohd, niurohd, ads ovdlturkd ovdlturkdrs rs ilt sukvk ao riutd riutd mu Pieorg.  Oprês ovikr  Oprês ovikr pëlëtr pëlëtrëë ads mëcd mëcdlsds lsds dxtë dxtërkdur rkdurds, ds, kas kas silt silt orrkvës orrkvës mols ao eileiltohld ou rdpokrd mds dsnaovohkstds, ou nŞur mu Mronjdlshrob, a‛ëpkld mirsoad md ao eiltohld, piur mëniuvrkr uld vkaad sktuëd sur uld kad ou ekakdu mu vostd aon m‛ul nrotêrd. Ka s‛ohkt md ^umdrjoe, ad rdpokrd mds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds.

paus ad eimuad qu‛kas ad rësiumrilt ovdn adurs priprds rdssiurnds pautýt qu‛ovdn ads nilsdkas dt klmknds qud adur ciurlkrokt ad EM. Ad aobyrkltjd mkccêrd m‛ul milgil lireoa m‛OM & M. Piur s‛ënjoppdr, ads pdrsillohds giudurs mdvrilt utkaksdr ou ekdux ads ippirtulktës  mds mkccërdlts akdux md rdlniltrds. Daads piurrilt poroktrd eklkeds oux giudurs mols ul prdekdr tdeps, eoks nd milgil niltkdlt paus qu‛ossdz m‛ëaëedlts piur pdredttrd oux giudurs md s‛ënjoppdr por a‛uld mds sirtkds s‛kas ilt ads rdssiurnds dt a‛kltdaakhdlnd piur ads kmdltk﬏dr dt ads dxpaiktdr. Ndpdlmolt, nd eimuad dst oussk ul tdst mds niepëtdlnds piur ad EM ! Ka dst protkqudedlt ndrtokl qud md bils giudurs, ibakhës md nieptdr sur adur klvdltkvktë, tdltdrilt m‛utkaksdr nd qu‛kas triuvdrilt piur dltrdprdlmrd mds ontkils quk ld ﬏hurdlt pos mols ads rêhads. Mols nds sktuotkils, ka rdvkdlmro padkldedlt ou EM md nilskmërdr nds rdquçtds ovdn ëquktë, ibgdntkvktë dt keohklotkil. Ad EM pdut pdlsdr à pauskdurs njisds à a‛ovolnd 7 por dxdepad, nieedlt ad hriupd sd prinurd-t-ka md ao auekêrd, iu mds nirmds iu nieedlt eorqudt-ka sil njdekl 9 Nilskmërdz tiutds nds njisds, eoks ottdlmdz-vius oussk

Ads ovdlturkdrs ilt ottoquë ads sdkhldurs dsnaovohkstds mols adur tolkêrd sius ^umdrjoe, eoks oux pirtds md ao vkntikrd, ad hriupd o ëtë voklnu por ul krrëprdsskbad pkêhd à bosd md hoz sielkcêrd. Ads ovdlturkdrs dlmireks ilt ëtë jiltdusdedlt mëpiukaaës md adurs pissdsskils dt troklës mols ads ndaauads mu milgil sius cirt Mronjdl, ao rdmiutobad tiur sur ad paotdou quk miekld ao vkaad. NIL]DZ]D MT EIMTAD 7 Ads siutdrrokls md nd eimuad ilt ëtë utkaksës nieed ëtopd ﬏load airs mu Mrohils™ à ao Hdltiurlik ipdl mds Rêhads ovolnëds md Milgils & Mrohils™ © Nil  ZKKK md ?;:0. klstruntkils m‛utkaksdr nd eimuadad(oklsk qud ndux md ao sërkdMds O) mols ad nomrdpdredttdlt m‛ul tiurlik. Daads niepirtdlt pritiniad à sukvrd, mds mdsnrkptkils, uld cdukaad md snirds dt ads pdrsillohds utkaksës piur nd tiurlik. Mols ndrtokls nos, ads nilskhlds mu eimuad ld s‛oppakqudrilt pos ou tiurlik 6 ndao sdro oairs naokrdedlt spënk﬏ë. Ad EM pikltdro nds sktuotkils portknuakêrds piur ëvktdr tiutd nilcuskil.

àsohëds. nd qud ads giudurs pdlsdlt à mds njisds qud vius l‛ovdz goeoks dlvk-

Mols nd eimuad, nd silt ads toadlts mds giudurs dt lil ad lkvdou mds pdrsillohds quk mëtdrekldrilt ad sunnês. Ndpdlmolt, ul hriupd tdltolt

Tl eënolksed dssdltkda md nd snëlorki dst ad trdebadedlt md tdrrd aotdlt dt a‛ëruptkil vianolkqud quk mëtrukrilt ad milgil dt ^umdrjoe. Ad trdebadedlt md tdrrd (dt ads prëekssds a‛onniepohlolt) sdrt mdux ibgdntkcs 7 piussdr ads giudurs à ohkr ropkmdedlt mols ad milgil dt edttrd dl paond ad snëlorki md a‛kad à ao ﬏l mu eimuad. Tl ndrtokl liebrd md sdniussds sksekquds prënëmdrilt ad trdebadedlt md tdrrd, njonuld m‛dltrd daads ëtolt aëhêrdedlt paus cirtd qud ao prënëmdltd. Ao prdekêrd sd primukro quolm ad EM akro ad poro ad porohrop hropjd jd mëport mëport oux giudurs. Ao sdnilmd survkdlmro pdu md tdeps oprês qud ads giudurs s‛ëvdkaadlt mols ad akdu ?. Mënrkvdz ads eurs quk trdebadlt, ad sobad quk biuhd sius ads pkdms, ao piusskêrd dt ad hrovkdr quk tiebdlt mu paocilm dt ul pricilm hrilmdedlt vdlolt mds rinjdrs dlvkrillolts. Oprês ndao, ads sdniussds sd primukrilt à kltdrvoaads rëhuakdrs ovdn ul aëhdr onnrikssdedlt md eohlktumd à njoqud ciks. Ad paollklh sukvolt dst suhhërë 7 paondz uld sdniussd oprês =0 eklutds md gdu, ao suk-

m‛onjdvdr nd eimuad niepirtdr pauskdurs hudrrkdrs eikls ul eohknkdl, ul nadrn dt mdvro ul viadur. Ads pdrsillohds ciurlksdtà ou ao ﬏l md nd eimuad silt kmëoadedlt omoptës piur ad snëlorki, nor ndrtokls ospdnts md a‛ovdlturd ilt ëtë nrëës dl pdlsolt à adurs optktumds.

voltd >4 eklutds oprês, puks, 24, 20, ?4,skdtn. gusqu‛àld ndsd qud ads pos sdniussds sd primuksdlt tiutds ads mdux eklutds, ads giudurs silt dlnird ënjoppës. ^iydz mksnrdt 6 ads giudurs ovksës mëtdntdrilt ao nilsuatotkil eolkcdstd mu njrilieêtrd. N‛dst a‛innoskil piur ad EM m‛klgdntdr ul pdu

Litds piur ad Eoktrd mu Milgil Ad eimuad « Mols ads nonjits mds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds ¶ o ëtë nilèu piur skx à lduc pdrsillohds md lkvdoux kltdreëmkokrds (= à 8). Ndpdlmolt ao loturd kljobktudaad mu milgil ad rdlm portknuakêrdedlt omoptobad piur mds pdrsillohds md prdsqud l‛kepirtd quda lkvdou dl ouhedltolt iu dl mkekluolt skepadedlt ad liebrd md mës md vkd mds eilstrds.

2

 

]rondr mds nortds 7 nortds 7 Ads giudurs ld piurrilt dccdntudr ounul rdadvë gusqu‛à nd qud ads pdrsillohds onqukêrdlt qudaqud njisd piur ad cokrd ! Nortihropjkdr mdeolmd md ao auekêrd dt ul klstruedlt ﬏obad piur ënrkrd (rdeorqud 7 ul mikht dltokaaë sdro trip pdu prënks dt ad solh niohuadro). Ads pdrsillohds ld sovdlt pos iû dst ad lirm (à eikls qu‛kas l‛okdlt porek dux ul pdtkt-jieed nistoum quk pdlsd à vërk﬏dr a‛irkdltotkil) 6 tiutds ads mkrdntkils adur sdrilt millëds por mriktd iu hounjd. Ndao niepakqudro ao tânjd mds giudurs piur rdpërdr iû kas silt dt iû kas ëtokdlt ovolt, sols ao rdlmrd kepisskbad. ^‛kas pdlsdlt qu‛kas ilt ëtë à tda dlmrikt ovolt, ld adur milldz lk oppribotkil lk niltromkntkil 6 mënrkvdz a‛dlmrikt dt aokssdz-ads mënkmdr mënkmdr..

md mroed dt md suspdlsd mols ad gdu. ^urtiut, ka ld cout goeoks aokssdr ads  giudurs nrikr  giudurs nrikrdd qud qud ad ad paocil paocilm m ld ld pdut pdut pos rëda rëdaadedl adedltt adur adur tiebd tiebdrr sur sur ao ao tçtd tçtd dt qud ad milgil dltkdr s‛ënriuadro mdrrkêrd dux mês qu‛kas sdrilt sirtks ! Milldz-adur à pdlsdr qu‛kas sdrilt tuës s‛kas ld sirtdlt pos à tdeps (nd quk dst dxontdedlt ad nos mols ad snëlorki mu tiurlik). Ad trdebadedlt md tdrrd pdut sdrvkr à ul outrd mdssdkl. ^k ads giudurs silt titoadedlt klnopobads md s‛ënjoppdr mu milgil mu cokt md adurs badssurds, md adurs nordlnds iu suktd à uld drrdur cotoad, ad trdebadedlt md tdrrd pdut 7 o) ads tudr tius dt edttrd oklsk ﬏l à adur suppaknd, b) iuvrkr uld outrd riutd md cuktd vdrs a‛dxtërkdur. Ad EM pdut njikskr md rëmukrd iu m‛olluadr ads piklts m‛dxpërkdlnd nilcërës por ad aobyrkltjd sk ndttd mdrlkêrd siautkil s‛ovërokt lëndssokrd.

Nkrnuadr 7 ndao pdut çtrd mkc﬏nkad sols auekêrd. Ads pdrsillohds sols klcroNkrnuadr 7 vkskil mdvrilt tâtilldr piur ovolndr mols ad likr dt ad hriupd ld piurro pos ovolndr paus vktd qu‛à ao eiktkë md ao vktdssd md adurs edebrds ads

 Oaauedr mds cdux  Oaauedr cdux 7 7 ndrtokls eotërkoux ﬏hurdlt mols ad aobyrkltjd piur pdredttrd à mds giudurs à a‛dsprkt vkc md rossdebadr ad lëndssokrd piur oaauedr ul cdu. Ka dst vroksdebaobad qud njoqud hriupd m‛ovdlturkdrs utkaksdro nds eotërkoux iu m‛outrds à ul eiedlt m‛uld eolkêrd lil prëvud por a‛outdur.. Mols md tdas nos, ao mënkskil ﬏load rdpisdro sur ad guhdedlt sikhldutdur sdedlt pdsë mu EM. Ka sdro protkqudedlt kepisskbad m‛oltknkpdr njoqud ontkil prksd por ad hriupd dt md milldr mds klstruntkils piur niltrýadr nds sktuotkils. Lëoleikls, ads qudaquds klmknotkils nk-mdssius troktdlt md a‛oaaueohd mds cdux, quk sdro ul mds pribaêeds ads paus nrunkoux dt ads paus ëvkmdlts ouxqudas ads ovdlturkdrs ourilt à cokrd cond.

paus adlts sius vkskil lireoad. A‛uatrovkskil ld sdrt à rkdl knk. ^k ad hriupd sd mëpaond sols sd tdlkr ao eokl iu sols utkaksdr ul outrd eiydl piur rdstdr dlsdebad, njoqud pdrsillohd klmëpdlmolt dt mitë m‛uld vkskil lireoad ouro 20 % md njolnds md prdlmrd uld eouvoksd mkrdntkil à uld kltdrsdntkil. ^k ad hriupd dst onnkmdltdaadedlt mkvksë md ndttd coèil, sds edebrds edttrilt ?-2 tiurs piur rdeorqudr ao sëporotkil dt rdciredr ad hriupd (pdut-çtrd paus ailhtdeps s‛kas s‛dccirndlt md rdstdr skadlnkdux). Norontërkstkquds mds eilstrds 7 eilstrds 7 piur ao nieeimktë mu EM, ads norontërkstkquds mds eilstrds silt millëds sius ad cireot obrëhë sukvolt 7 naossd m‛oreurd (NO), mëpaondedlt (MD), mës md vkd (MS), iu lkvdou dt naossd (L), piklts md vkd (pv), liebrd m‛ottoquds (O]), mëhâts (Mh), ottoquds spënkoads (O^) dt mëcdlsds spënkoads (M^). Por dxdepad 7 « ? psdumi-mrohil (NO 2 6 MD ?: e /82 e 6 MS 2 6 pv ?2 6 O] ? 6 Mh ?-> 6 O^ piksil 6 M^ piuvikr md noeëaëil 6 >4 % md rëskstolnd à ao eohkd) dst sur a‛ëpouad md sil eoktrd. ¶

„ Ad njin m‛ul ënaot md skadx niltrd ul eëtoa cdrrdux (cdr iu onkdr) primukro uld ëtklndaad. Por dxdepad 7 ao mohud riukaaëd (akdu =) dt ao pikltd md aolnd dl skadx (akdu 3). Tl skadx jdurtolt ul outrd skadx, ul is iu tiutd outrd pkdrrd ld primukro pos m‛ëtklndaads. „ Ads eirndoux md biks triuvës mols ad akdu 4 silt trip crkobads piur çtrd crittës dlsdebad dt primukrd uld floeed. ^k ndao dst tdltë, ad biks sd nossdro skepadedlt dl pdtkts eirndoux

LI]D^ MD ]ITRLIK Giuë piur ao prdekêrd ciks à ao HdlNil ZKKK nd eimuad sd rëmukt à uld portkd mds sdpt eolnjds mu tiurlik ipdl Rêhads ovolnëds md Milgils Milgil s & Mrohils. Ads skx prdekêrds portkds mu tiurlik silt niltdluds mols ads eimuads O?  ads cis cissds sds oux dsn dsnaov aovds ds md md ao nktë nktë siu siutdrr tdrrokl okld, d, O2 ad O2 ad sdnrdt mu cirtkl mds dsnaovohkstds dt naovohkstds  dt O> à O> à a‛osso a‛ossout ut mu mu rdpokrd rdpokrd mds ^dkh ^dkhldu ldurs rs mds mds njoìl njoìlds ds ). Mols Mols ad tiurlik klktkoa, ads eimuads O?, O2 dt uld portkd mu O> ëtokdlt utkaksës piur ads ëakeklotikrds, ao sdnilmd portkd mu O> sdrvokt md mdek-﬏load dt ao portkd  aobyrk  aob yrkltjd ltjd md nd eimuad ëtokt a‛ëtopd ﬏load. O? dt O2 niltkdlldlt njonul mdux snëlorkk kebrkquës. Md nd cokt, ads nklq prdekêrds eolnjds kepakquolt njonuld lduc giudurs, ad tiurlik rdqukdrt ou titoa =4 giudurs (ou eklkeue). Nieed nd liebrd md giudurs mëpossd ndauk nd auk md ao pauport mds hriupds siujoktolt dssoydr ad gdu dl tiurlik, ka dst suhhërë qud ads triks prdekdrs eimuads sikdlt rdhriupës dl uld sduad eolnjd ou akdu md mdux.

„ Ads njoepkhlils brkaaolts (akdu ??) dt ads snorobëds md cdu (akdu ?4) milldlt md ao auekêrd, eoks pos md njoadur, à a‛keohd mds aunkiads. Tl hriupd pdrmro sil tdeps à dssoydr m‛dl tkrdr mu cdu. Ads litds nk-mdssus niepaêtdlt ads klcireotkils ﬏hurolt mols ads rdlniltrds daads-eçeds. Hrkepdr 7 ads viadurs pduvdlt dsnoaomdr tius ads eurs mds novdrlds ovdn Hrkepdr 7 ads pribobkaktës lireoads, souc klmknotkils niltrokrds. Niebottrd mols ad likr innoskilld -= ou gdt m‛ottoqud piur ads pdrsillohds quk l‛ilt pos a‛klcrovkskil. A‛klcrovkskil klcrovkskil pdredttro  pdredttro oux pdrsillohds md litdr ads niltiurs hëlëroux mds eurs mds novdrlds dt ao prësdlnd md nrëoturds, eoks n‛dst à pdu prês tiut. ]iutd eotkêrd kldrtd mols ad milgil sd triuvd à pdu prês à ao eçed tdepëroturd qud tiut ad rdstd. Ads pdrsillohds ovdn a‛klcrovkskil sdrilt nopobads md vikr ads pikssils dt outrds nrëoturds mols a‛dou oux akdux ?0 dt ?2. A‛klcrovkskil ld pdredt pos md akrd ul riuadou md pornjdekl ! Ndttd ontkil rdqukdrt uld auekêrd mu spdntrd vkskbad.

Ad gdu dl tiurlik omiptd ndrtoklds nilvdltkils o﬏l md s‛ossurdr qud tiutds ads sktuotkils silt nilmuktds md ao eçed coèil. ?. Ads giudurs utkaksdlt mds pdrsillohds prëtkrës. ]iutds ads norontërkstkquds ilt ëtë rëpdrtirkëds oklsk qud ads ëqukpdedlts, sirts dt ibgdts eohkquds (s‛ka y dl o). Ads giudurs ld mikvdlt rkdl ogiutdr lk eimk﬏dr ndttd akstd souc ou niurs mu gdu. Ndao horoltkro qud tius ads giudurs portdlt ovdn ads eçeds njolnds. Ads giudurs sdrilt outirksës à utkaksdr ad Eoluda mds Giudur s, s, eoks pos ad Eoluda mds Eilstrds lk Eilstrds lk ad Hukmd mu Eoktrd,, bkdl qud njoqud giudur nillokssd dt eoìtrksd porcoktdedlt ads Eoktrd ibgdts eohkquds md sil pdrsillohd.

Ads deprdkltds md pos dt pos dt outrds eorquds sur ad sia sdrilt boaoyëds por ad eiuvdedlt mu sobad airs md njoqud sdniussd, nd quk olluadro tiutd « pkstd eorquëd ¶. Rdpis 7 Ads pdrsillohds pduvdlt mënkmdr à tiut eiedlt md sd rdpisdr Rdpis 7 iu md mirekr, portknuakêrdedlt mols ad but md rdhohldr mds sirts naërknoux. Ka y o pauskdurs eiydls md ads dl mkssuomdr. A‛ul m‛dux nilskstd à mkrd 7 « Sius vius rdpisdz =0 eklutds ovolt qud sd primuksd uld sdniussd, aëhêrdedlt paus cirtd qud ao prënëmdltd. Sitrd rdpis dst olluaë ¶. Ad edkaadur eiydl md ﬏hurdr ndao mols uld sktuotkil njrilieëtrëd nieed mols ul tiurlik dst md rdnilmukrd ad tdeps md rdpis mds pdrsillohds à a‛ëqukvoadlt dl tdeps rëda. Piur ndao, ad EM prdlm mu rdnua dt ld cokt rkdl, rëpilmolt oux dxjirtotkils por 7 « Sius çtds dlnird ou rdpis ¶. Ao pauport mds hriupds sokskrilt dl uld eklutd iu mdux dt obolmilldrilt ndttd strotëhkd.

2. ^ouc klmknotkil niltrokrd, ads eilstrds niebottrilt ou ekdux md adurs noponktës dt ld eiltrdrilt ounuld pktkë 6 ads tdltotkvds md lëhinkotkils ënjiudrilt. Ads eilstrds rdlniltrës mols ad gdu dl tiurlik l‛ourilt  goeokss bdsikl  goeok bdsikl md gdts gdts md md eiroa eiroa dt ld cukril cukriltt pos souc sk ndao ndao dst dst prënks prënksëë mols ad tdxtd. Ads eilstrds sdrilt padkldedlt nilsnkdlts mds noponktës md adurs oreds, ibgdts eohkquds dt sirts dt ads utkaksdrilt à adur ovoltohd. >. Ao ﬏l mu eimuad nieprdlm ul systêed md litotkil piur piur okmdr à jieihëlëksdr ads snirds mds sdsskils md tiurlik. >

 

MD^NRKP]KIL MT AOB[RKL]JD

=. Piur ulk﬏dr m‛uld ëqukpd à a‛outrd a‛outrd ad tdeps possë mols ad aobyrkltjd, aobyrkltjd, ad EM mënieptdro ads mkstolnds md tullda porniuruds por ad hriupd airs m‛ul tiur. Ndao sdro cokt m‛uld vikx edsurëd dt cdred. Ao mdsnrkptkil s‛dccdntudro sdail ad eimêad 7 « Sius qukttdz ao pkênd dt vius oaadz haiboadedlt tiut mrikt sur dlvkril ; e, vius tiurldz à hounjd à dlvkril ;0° dt ovolndz md 3 e, vius tiurldz à mriktd à dlvkril 84° dt ovolndz md 8,4 e, vius oaadz à hounjd sukvolt uld niurbd md ; e, dlsuktd vius oaadz tiut mrikt pdlmolt ; e, tiurldz à hounjd à dlvkril ;0°, ovolndz md ?2 e 6 à nd stomd, ads pdrsillohds ovdn a‛klcrovkskil pduvdlt vikr qu‛uld outrd pkênd s‛iuvrd mdvolt vius. ¶ Cokrd ndao piur tius ads tulldas trovdrsës por ad hriupd pdut mdvdlkr costkmkdux à ao ciks piur ads  giudurss dt piur ad EM, eoks n‛dst  giudur n‛dst lëndssokrd lëndssokrd piur s‛ossur s‛ossurdr dr qud tius ads hriupds possdlt ad eçed tdeps piur niuvrkr ao eçed mkstolnd. ^k pauskdurs EM eêldlt ndttd eolnjd mu tiurlik dl poroaaêad, kas mdvrilt

?. A‛DL]RËD MD AO PDTR Ad hriupd sd rëvdkaad mols ul dlmrikt sols auekêrd dt sols outrds brukts qud ndux qu‛kas primuksdlt. Ads pdrsillohds ovdn a‛klcrovkskil pduvdlt nilstotdr qud tius ads edebrds mu hriupd silt prësdlts. A‛dlmrikt A‛ dlmrikt iû kas sd triuvdlt sdebad çtrd uld novdrld loturdaad m‛dlvkril ; e md mkoeêtrd. _uotrd tulldas md sirtkd md > e md jout silt rëportks rëhuakêrdedlt sur ad përkeêtrd. Ads pdrsillohds ovdn a‛klcrovkskil ld pduvdlt vikr ad paocilm 6 oppordeedlt ka dst trip jout. Ad sia dst niuvdrt md sobad.  Ounul mds mds pdrsillo pdrsillohds hds l‛o md md pissdsski pissdsskils ls souc souc ul pohld pohld dl ni-

sd niirmilldr ou prëoaobad piur s‛ossurdr qu‛kas mënrkvdlt tius à ao eçed vktdssd.

til soad. Kas l‛ilt ored lk liurrkturd ounuld jirekssur adur tdreklotkil dt ul lkpdtkt tubd sndaaë dl 6tkssu quk okmd sd triuvd ad mësia ou ndltrd md ao pkênd. Ka cokt =4 ne md ailh, à pdu prês ao tokaad m‛uld bohudttd iu m‛ul tubd à pornjdekls.

MËPOR]

^k ads giudurs rdhormdlt mols ads tulldas md sirtkd, kas ld vdrrilt rkdl mols triks m‛dltrd dux, eoks mkstklhudrilt uld cokbad auekêrd mkstoltd mols ad quotrkêed tullda (ad paus ou lirm). Ndttd auekêrd nakhlitd innoskilldaadedlt dt sd mëpaond aëhêrdedlt.

Ads pdrsillohds ilt ëtë dlcdreës mols mds ndaauads siutdrroklds sëporëds pdlmolt uld përkimd md tdeps klnillud. Ad sdua klmknd nilndrlolt ao murëd md adur deprksilldedlt dst ao huërksil md tiutds adurs badssurds. Ads aolndurs md sirts ilt iubakë mdpuks ailhtdeps tius adurs sirtkaêhds, aolnës mols mds tdltotkvds klhëlkdusds dt mësdspërëds piur s‛ënjoppdr mu nonjit. Eoajdurdusdedlt, tiutds ads tdltotkvds sd silt siamëds por mds ënjdns bkdl qu‛daads okdlt rëussk à cokrd possdr md eouvoks eiedlts à adurs hdýakdrs.

Ad paocilm md ndttd pkênd s‛ëaêvd à >> e 6 ul aiurm bain md pkdrrd y biunjd ad triu por adquda ads pdrsillohds ilt ëtë mdsndlmus. Ads eurs silt crkobads dt ld suppirtdrilt pos ad pikms m‛ul hrkepdur ou-mdssus md =,40 e md jout eçed ovdn ad rdniurs ou sirt dsnoaomd m‛orokhlëd piur omjërdr oux eurs.

Ads nadrns ilt bëlë﬏nkë m‛ul troktdedlt spënkoa 7 ads hdýakdrs, sonjolt qud ads nadrns pduvdlt rënupërdr adurs sirts dl prkolt oprês ul rdpis suc﬏solt, ld ads ilt pos aokssës mirekr paus md triks jdurds nilsënutkvds 6 kas ilt eçed rëmukt ads rotkils md liurrkturds dt m‛dou por roppirt oux outrds pdrsillohds. Dl mëpkt md nd troktdedlt, ao cik mds nadrns adur o pdreks md pdrsëvërdr dt ads hdýakdrs ilt porciks eolquë à adurs mdvikrs. Ndao o pdreks oux nadrns md prkdr ropkmdedlt (dt m‛ibtdlkr) mds sirts utkads mols adur sktuotkil ontudaad 7 sikls sikls ekldurs, ekldurs, purk  purk﬏notk ﬏notkil il md md a‛dou a‛dou dt dt mds oake oakedlts dlts,,  rëskstoln  rësks tolndd ou crik crikm  m , oquo  oquohëlê hëlêsd sd..

Ad tubd à pornjdekls dst dl tkssu ovdn ul eklnd olldou dl biks à njoqud dxtrëektë piur aukiu milldr so dst cired. Ka pdut utkaksë piur niltdlkr uld biuccëd m‛okr mdux s‛ka niuvdrt md çtrd bktued, nieed klmkquë dl ?0). Ad tubd niltkdlt triks riuadoux, ul ovdn mds sirts m‛kaauskillkstd dt mdux piur ads eohknkdls. Ka y o oussk uld niurtd litd. ]ius ]ius ads sirts silt ou sdptkêed lkvdou md aolndur (rdeorqud 7 « Kln ¶ skhlk﬏d ]deps m‛klnoltotkil, « P ¶ piur pirtëd, « M ¶ piur murëd, « sh ¶ 5 sdhedlt, « rm ¶ 5 riulm, « tr ¶ 5 tiur).

Ckloadedlt, ao eilitilkd md a‛deprksilldedlt s‛dst triuvëd brksëd por ul ëvëldedlt 7 ads pkdrrds ilt crëek dt ao tdrrd o hrilmë pdlmolt qu‛uld hrolmd sdniussd sksekqud sdniuokt a‛kad. Md ao piusskêrd dst tiebëd mu paocilm mds ndaauads dt ads ovdlturkdrs ilt pu dltdlmrd md hrolms nrks dt uld cirtd ohktotkil porek adurs rovkssdurs. Oprês uld niurtd përkimd, ads pirtds mu nonjit sd silt iuvdrtds dt ad hrolm prçtrd eoaë﬏qud md ao cirtdrdssd dst dltrë, dltiurë md hormds jueokls. « Ad mrohil md ao ]drrd o poraë ! ¶ o-t-ka ollilnë. « Ka dst occoeë dt ad tdeps dst vdlu md vius akvrdr dl pâturd, nor n‛dst litrd niutued sonrëd. Ý eënrëolts, eokltdlolt vius oaadz poydr piur tius ads mëhâts qud vius ovdz nousës. Hormds, eoìtrksdz-ads ovdn ao Cueëd md ao Pdtktd Eirt ¶.

Riuadou O 7 Bruktohd (Kln. Bruktohd  (Kln. 4 sh, P >; e, M 2? rm) Auekêrds molsoltds (Kln. ? sh, P >> e, M ?= rm) Eur md briukaaorm  (Kln.  (Kln. ? sh, P ; e, M 2-:+8 rm) Klvkskbkaktë (Kln. Klvkskbkaktë  (Kln. 2 sh, P tiunjdr, M spënkoad) Riuadou B 7 B 7 Dsnoaomd m‛orokhlëd (Kln. m‛orokhlëd (Kln. ? sh, P tiunjdr, M : rm) Notoadpskd (Kln. Notoadpskd  (Kln. ? sh, P tiunjdr, M ?> rm) Dxnovotkil (Kln. Dxnovotkil  (Kln. = sh, P ; e, M 8 rm, ?,40 e nubd pdut çtrd nrdusë à njoqud riulm) Riuadou N 7 N 7  Oatërotki  Oatë rotkil l mds mds cdux cdux lire lireoux  oux  (Kln.  (Kln. ? sh, P ?0 e, M 8 rm) Auekêrd (Kln. Auekêrd  (Kln. ? sh, P ?: e, M 8 tr) ^out  (Kln.  (Kln. ? sh, P tiunjdr, M spënkoad, > bilms pisskbads vikr EmG   ) Adnturd md ao eohkd (Kln. ? rm, P 0, M ?= rm). Nd sirt dst ënrkt dl ënrkturd nieeuld md eohknkdl 6 ka dst pdreoldlt (nieed mols ul akvrd md sirts) dt ld mksporoktro pos uld ciks au niltrokrdedlt oux outrds sirts sur ads pornjdekls.

Ka sd rdtiurld dt s‛dl vo, onniepohlë por ads hormds. Pdu oprês, ul pdtkt brukt sd primukt tolmks qu‛ul pdtkt irk﬏nd s‛iuvrd mols ao pirtd mu nonjit. Ad biut m‛ul tubd s‛y klsêrd 6 ka dl sirt ao cueëd sielkcêrd vdrtd milt ads pdrsillohds sd siuvkdlldlt sk bkdl. Norontërkstkquds mu milgil Ads paocilms md tius ads tulldas dt pkênds mu siutdrrokl s‛ëaêvdlt haiboadedlt à > e md joutdur souc klmknotkils niltrokrds. Ads tulldas vorkdlt md ?,:0 e à >,30 e md aorhd, piur uld eiydlld m‛dlvkril 2,80 e. ]ius ads tulldas dt pkênds silt dl hrês niepont souc ads dlmrikts juekmds dt rukssdaolts quk silt dl noanokrd. N‛dst uld ëtrolhd hëiaihkd piur uld kad vianolkqud. Daad pdut s‛dxpakqudr por ao aëhdlmd qud ad mrohil md ao ]drrd viuaokt uld kad paoksoltd mols ad aon md sil nrotêrd, oussk o-t-ka trolspirtë uld kad tripknoad piur a‛y kepaoltdr. Eoks pdut-çtrd pos. ^ouc edltkil niltrokrd, ounul eirndou md rinjd ld pdut çtrd mëtonjë piur ciurlkr mds oreds dt mds

Bkdl sör, ka dst kepisskbad md akrd lireoadedlt ovdn a‛klcrovkskil dt nds pornjdekls rdstdrilt eystërkdux piur ad hriupd gusqu‛à nd qu‛kas triuvdlt uld siurnd md auekêrd. Ad sirt spënkoa adntu spënkoa adnturd rd md md ao eohkd pdredttro oux eohknkdls md akrd ads pornjdekls (ul kaauskillkstd l‛o pos bdsikl md adntu md adnturd rd md ao eoh eohkd kd piur  piur akrd ads pornjdekls quk auk silt priprds). Ad tubd niltkdlt oussk uld pdtktd litd quk mkt 7 « N‛dst ao edkaadurd okmd

pkdrrds md crilmd. Ad noanokrd dst trip mur dt ad hrês trip crkobad. Ads sias mds tulldas dt mds pkênds silt niuvdrts md >0 ne md sobad ﬏l. Ads sias dl noanokrd silt hëlëroadedlt akssds. Ads stoaontktds dt stoaohektds silt trip ëpokssds piur piuvikr çtrd brksëds souc quolm n‛dst klmkquë.

qud pukssd vius prinurdr. prinurdr . Pukssdlt mkdux çtrd vius.m‛dou, ^k vius viusgdënjoppdz, vitrd ëqukpdedlt dstadsmëtdlu sur adovdn Mrohil ad botdou portknuakdr mds ^dkhldurs dsnaovohkstds, quk sd triuvd oeorrë oux minfs md ^umdrjoe. ^khlë, vitrd oek md ao pirtd. ¶ =

 

>. RI[OTED MD AO NRËO]TRD MD ^OBAD

^k ads giudurs y pdlsdlt, kas piurrilt nilstktudr md hrisskêrds eotroquds dl depakssolt adur pohld md sobad, quk adur pdredt ul gdt m‛ottoqud à „2. Ad sobad juekmd dst edkaadur, nor ka dst paus aiurm dt outirksd ul gdt m‛ottoqud à „?. Ad sobad md ndttd pkênd dst dltkêrdedlt sdn. Ads eotroquds dl sobad nousdrilt ? piklt md mëhâts milt sduad ao eiktkë sdro mds mieeohds pdreoldlts.

Ndttd sdntkil md tullda jonjurëd dst ad tdrrktikrd md ao nrëoturd md sobad (vikr ao mdsnrkptkil à ao ﬏l mu eimuad). _uolm ad hriupd dltrd mols nd akdu, ul edebrd (njiksk ou josorm) sdltkro qudaqud njisd ronadr sius sil pkdm. Prdsqud keeëmkotdedlt oprês, ads outrds pdrsillohds sdltkrilt qudaqud njisd tiunjdr adurs pkdms. Ads rdgdtils md sobad hoaipdlt ul pdu portiut mols a‛dlmrikt, niurolt sur ads pdrsillohds por josorm. Bkdl qud ads giudurs pukssdlt çtrd qudaqud pdu dccroyës por nds nrëoturds, daads silt kliccdlskvds.

^k ad hriupd ciukaad sikhldusdedlt ad sia md ao pkênd ovdn ads eokls, ka triuvdro ?2 pkdrrds md ao tokaad md bkaads md crilmd. Daads silt tiebëds mds eurs crkobads dt l‛ilt pos dlnird ëtë rënupërëds por ads fibiams md 3. Ads pdrsillohds pduvdlt tdltdr md cobrkqudr mds crilmds hrisskêrds ovdn adurs pohlds. Daads l‛ourilt qud ao eiktkë md ao pirtëd md crilmds lireoads (3 e dl niurtd pirtëd, ?2 e à eiydlld pirtëd dt 2= e dl ailhud pirtëd). Bkdl sör, tiut pdrsillohd quk ld eoìtrksd pos ao crilmd subkro ads pëloaktës ou gdt m‛ottoqud rdaotkvds à so naossd. Ads pkdrrds md crilmd klflkhdlt ?„= piklts md mëhâts.

Adur hëlktdur l‛dst pos kliccdlskc mu tiut. _uolm ad hriupd ottdklt ad ndltrd md sil tdrrktikrd, ao nrëoturd md sobad omuatd (NO >, MD >3 e (?: e) 6 MS = 6 pv 20 6 O] ? 6 Mh 2„?3 6 M^ keeulksë ou sie ou sieedka  edka , poro  poroaysk ayskdd  dt sirts md typd njored ottoqudro ottoqudro pdrsillohd pdrsill ad paus ad pausurprdlmro s dl ovolt ovolt.. ^k oux ad hriupd l‛utkaksd ounuld ) siurnd md ad auekêrd, aoohd nrëoturd sur ?-4 (m3) 6 sklil ao surprksd l‛kltdrvkdlt qud sur ?„>. Ad cdu ciaadt l‛dst pos ossdz prês piur ohkr nieed siurnd md auekêrd ovolt ad sdnilm riulm, iû ka sd rud mols ao botokaad.

2. AD ADTRRD MD AO ATEKÊRD

=. RKNJD^^D^ MT CDT CIAAD]

Ao cokbad auekêrd trdebaitoltd dl bos mu niuaikr, sdebad s‛ëaikhldr aëhêrdedlt à a‛opprinjd mds pdrsillohds.

N‛dst ad rdpokrd mu cdu ciaadt (dl 2). Ad trësir md ao nrëoturd oltkqud sd rëmukt à mdux ibgdts 7 ul nrâld jueokl dt uld mohud riukaaëd (ou ﬏a mds ols, ao nrëoturd md sobad o nirrimë dt mëtrukt ads outrds pissdsskils mu cdu ciaadt). Tl nrâld aolnë pirtd à ao eçed mkstolnd dt klflkhd ads eçeds mieeohds qu‛uld eossud, eoks ka ld pdut sdrvkr m‛ored airs m‛ul nirps-à-nirps. Ao eânjikrd klcërkdurd mu nrâld eolqud. Ao mohud riukaaëd o >4 % md njolnds md sd brksdr à ao hormd à njoqud ottoqud rëusskd.

N‛dst ul olnkdl cdu ciaadt occokbak (NO -: 6 MD 4= e 6 MS 3 6 pv 2? 6 O] ? 6 Mh ?„: 6 M^ keeulksë à tius ads sirts souc prit souc pritdntki dntkil l nilt niltrd rd ad eoa, eoa,  pri pri gdntkad  gdntk ad eohkqu eohkqudd dt  dt aoby  aobyrklt rkltjd jd ). Ads nrëo nrëoturd turdss md nd aobyrklt aobyrkltjd jd ilt oppr opprks ks à a‛ëvktdr dt ka l‛o pos ëtë liurrk mdpuks ailhtdeps. _uolm ads pdrsillohds opprinjdlt md so pisktkil, ka rdnuadro pdtkt à pdtkt, tdltolt m‛ottkrdr ads giudurs vdrs ad akdu >, rëskmdlnd m‛uld nrëoturd md sobad. ^‛ka rëusskt à ottkrdr ad hriupd mols uld botokaad ovdn a‛innupolt mds akdux, ka rýmdro outiurmds pdlmolt ad niebot, hudttolt a‛innoskil mdiu nilsieedr ao cirnd vktoad nrëoturds eiuroltds. ^k triks nrëoturds paus silt tuëds (y nieprks ao nrëoturd md sobad), ka sd sdltkro ossdz cirt piur mëcdlmrd sil rdpokrd dl =. ^klil, ka cukr mols ad nua-md-son dt mdvkdlmro oussk mksnrdt qud pisskbad, sd nonjolt ailhtdeps oprês ad mëport mu hriupd.

4. AD ]RË^IR PDRMT Tl cëeur jueokl kltont dt ? fh dlvkril m‛ënaots md biks md pkl hksdlt sur ad sia mu tullda. Ad cëeur pdut sdrvkr md eossud, eoks ads eirndoux md biks silt trip pdtkts piur çtrd utkaksës dl tolt qu‛oreds y nieprks

4

 

3B. NJOEBRD MD^ NJO^^DTR^

nieed « mohuds dl biks ¶. Ad biks dst ossdz sdn. Ad hriupd trëbunjdro sur nds ibgdts eçed s‛kas ld ads ilt pos vus.

_uotrd fibiams omuatds eâads innupdlt ao pkênd (NO : 6 MD ?: e 6 MS µ 6 pv > njonul 6 O] ? 6 Mh aolnd ?-3 iu pkdrrd md crilmd ?-=). Ad possohd akssd eiltd aëhêrdedlt vdrs ndttd pkênd dt sk mds kltrus opprinjdlt, ads fibiams mëvdrsdrilt uld iutrd md 2= a m‛jukad md pikssil mols ad tullda. Daad mëhiuakld md 3 e por riulm. Ads pdrsillohds sdrilt pribobadedlt pkdms lus dt quknilqud tdltolt md sd mëpaondr mdvro rëusskr ul gdt sius ao Mdxtërktë piur ëvktdr md tiebdr. Ndux quk silt tiebës pdrmrilt ul riulm à sd rdadvdr dt ads fibiams croppdrilt tius ads pdrsillohds tiebës ou prdekdr rolh ovdn +2 ou gdt m‛ottoqud. Mdux pdrsillohds tiebës baiqudrilt ad possohd gusqu‛à nd qu‛kas sd sikdlt rdadvës. Klnkmdeedlt, a‛jukad md pikssil dst ossdz klfloeeobad, eoks ads fibiams sd tdlolt dl mdjirs, kas ld bröadrilt pos sk daad vdlokt

3. RI[OTED MD^ FIBIAM^ N‛dst ad rdpokrd mds survkvolts m‛uld trkbu md fibiams. Kas ilt hromudaadedlt mksporu ou niurs mds mëndllkds dt ka l‛dl rdstd qud sdkzd. Kas ilt ëtë rdpiussës mols ad aobyrkltjd à a‛orrkvëd mds sdkhldurs dsnaovohkstds dt kas ilt prks pissdsskil mds novdrlds supërkdurds. Kas ilt survënu tolt bkdl qud eoa mdpuks. Adurs oreds silt tiutds cobrkquëds dl is iu dl skadx dt sdua ad njdc o ul biunakdr (nd quk dxpakqud adur naossd m‛oreurd supërkdurd ou 8 jobktuda). Kas ilt iubakë a‛usohd mu cdu dt ld eolhdlt qud mu pikssil nru qu‛kas ottropdlt mols ad bosskl dl 3N dl  3N.. Kas silt dl vikdmësdspikr m‛dxtklntkil dt kas ad sovdlt 7 kas ottoqudrilt tius kltrus ovdn ao tius curkd mu dt niebottrilt gusqu‛à ao eirt. ^k a‛oadrtd dst millëd, ads fibiams vkdlmrilt piur mëcdlmrd adur rdpokrd souc ao cdedaad hormolt ads pdtkts fibiams dl 3N 3N.. ]ius ads novdrlds dt niuaikrs silt loturdas souc ad tullda tokaaë md ?,20 e md jout quk rdakd rdakd 3O  3O à 3D 3D..

à prdlmrd cdu). Ads fibiams omiptdrilt dlsuktd uld pisktkil mëcdlskvd à a‛dltrëd mu tullda 7 ads mdux dl prdekêrd akhld pikltdrilt adurs aolnds dl rëndptkil md njorhd (uld ottoqud rëusskd niltrd ul omvdrsokrd dl njorhd miubad ads mëhâts) 6 ads mdux outrds sd tkdlmrilt mdrrkêrd dux sur uld paoqud md rinjdr rinjdr,, dxpëmkolt mds pkdrrds md crilmd ou-mdssus md ao tçtd mds aolnkdrs oussk ailhtdeps qu‛kas ad piurrilt.

3O. DL]RËD

Ndttd soaad niltkdlt três pdu md njisds ou titoa 7 = tos md sobad iû miredlt ads fibiams, uld novktë mols ad sia padkld md pkdrrds md crilmd (?: ou titoa) dt mdux aolnds à eiktkë tdreklëds. ]iutds ads aolnds mds fibiams silt cobrkquëds dl is ovdn mds pikltds dl skadx. Daads silt ﬏xëds ovdn mds tdlmils m‛olkeoux.

Tl hriupd dltrolt mols ndt dlmrikt rdeorqudro qud ad sia dst mëpiurvu md sobad knk dt qud a‛dlmrikt dst ossdz akssd. Tl nrkorm sd sktud prês mu eur, aà iû ad niuaikr nieedlnd à tiurldr. Ou-mdaà, uld cokbad auekêrd vdrtd brkaad, privdlolt m‛uld iuvdrturd md tullda md ?,20 e md jout. Ad sobad sur ad sia mu tullda o ëtë boaoyë sur tiutd ao ailhudur gusqu‛à ao njoebrd 3B 3B.. Ad nrkorm (NO 8 6 MD > e 6 MS > 6 pv 3 6 O] sols 6 Mh sols) juradro pdlmolt ?-> riulms sk tiutd outrd nrëoturd qu‛ul fibiam opprinjd à eikls md > e, iu sk uld siurnd md auekêrd njoumd porvkdlt à eikls md ; e. Ads nrks oadrtdrilt ads fibiams quk prdlmrilt mds pisktkils mëcdlskvds dl 3B 3B dt  dt 3D 3D.. Nd nrkorm o ëtë ëadvë por ads fibiams mdpuks sil ënaiskil 7 kas ad liurrkssdlt dt ad cilhiémd ads rdnillokt nieed l‛ëtolt pos uld edlond.

3N. NTK^KLD MD^ FIBIAM^ Tl bosskl m‛dou rdepak por uld nosnomd mols ad nikl lirm-dst miekld ndttd pkênd. A‛dou sirt m‛ul triu mols ad paocilm dt tiebd mols ad bosskl, m‛iû daad s‛ëvonud por ul outrd triu (ounul mds mdux l‛dst ossdz hrolm piur aokssdr possdr quknilqud à trovdrs, eçed uld pdtktd-pdrsilld). Innoskilldaadedlt ad niurolt oppirtd mds pikssils dt ads fibiams ads ottropdlt mols ul ﬏adt ropkënë md 30 ne md mkoeêtrd onnrinjë

3

 

sius ao njutd. Ad bosskl l‛o qud 30 ne md pricilmdur. pricilmdur. Ad rukssdaadedlt oppirtd ao liurrkturd dt a‛dou dt depirtd ads mënjdts. Ao pkênd dltkêrd dxjoad uld imdur dxtrçededlt cirtd md pikssil piurrk. Tld lknjd md 30 ne quk cired uld ﬏ssurd jirkziltoad mols a‛olhad lirm-iudst niltkdlt md liebrdux ibgdts, litoeedlt mdux niutdoux dl is, ul trolnjikr dl skadx, mds niqukaaohds sdrvolt md ronaikrs, uld outrd iutrd m‛jukad md pikssil (?0 aktrds), uld trikskêed iutrd ovdn md ao hrokssd md pikssil dt =8 tçtds md pikssil mols mkvdrs stomds md mëniepisktkil. Mdux fibiams pdupadlt ao pkênd, ul eâad (NO : 6 MD ?: e 6 MS µ 6 pv > 6  O]  O ] ? 6 Mh aolnd aolnd ?-3 iu crilmd crilmd ?-=) ?-=) dt uld cdedaad cdedaad (NO (NO : 6 MD ?: e 6 MS µ 6 pv 2 6 O] ? 6 Mh eossud ?-3). ]ius mdux sd prënkpktdrilt piur okmdr ads eâads dl 3 B. 3M. LTR^DRKD Tld cdedaad (NO : 6 MD ?: e 6 MS µ 6 pv 2 6 O] ? 6 Mh eossud ?-3) dt =  gdulds fibiams fibiams (NO ?0 6 MD ?: e 6 MS µ 6 pv ? njonu njonull 6 0 O] 6 Mh ounul) innupdlt ao pkênd. ^k ad rdpokrd dst ottoquë, ao cdedaad piussdro ads  gdulds mols mols ao portkd portkd iudst iudst md ao pkênd pkênd dt prdlmro prdlmro uld uld pisktkil pisktkil mëcdlmëcdlskvd mdrrkêrd ads niaillds md stoaontktds quk portohdlt ao soaad. Daad mëcdlmro ads gdulds gusqu‛à ao eirt. Ao pkênd dst por okaadurs vkmd, jireks mds pikssils nrus dt mds giudts md fibiams (is md rots, dtn.). 3D. NJOEBRD MT NJDC N‛dst ao njoebrd mu njdc, quk dst nilskmërobadedlt paus ëaobirëd qud ads outrds. Ao pkênd dst ënaokrëd por uld cokbad audur vdrtd ëeololt md paoquds md eikskssurd adsniuadurs eurs. Ads eurs duxeçeds silt niuvdrts mdpjispjirdsndltd pdklturds euroadssur oux vkvds mols ads tdkltds likrds dt riuhd inrd (bktued dt solh), mëpdkhlolt mds snêlds souvohds md fibiams trkiepjolt m‛ëlireds dlldeks, dt outrds rdprësdltotkils skekaokrds. Tld knýld hrisskêrd dl eisoéqud md niqukaaohds md Furtuaeof, ad mkdu mds fibiams, mënird ad eur sum. Ad trýld mu njdc dst ul oeos md rinjdrs dt md sobad sktuë dltrd triks hrolmds stoaohektds. Md liebrdux pikssils nrus silt rëpolmus outiur, ndrtokls sd triuvolt knk mdpuks trip ailhtdeps. Tl tos md pkdrrds md 30 ne borrd ad niurt possohd vdrs 3 O. Ka sdrt md borrknomd dl nos m‛ossout, prinurolt ul niuvdrt md 40 % oux fibiams (NO += niltrd ads prigdntkads). = cdedaads (NO : 6 MD ?: e 6 MS µ 6 pv 2 njonuld 6 O] O] ? 6 Mh eossud ?-3), > eâads (NO : 6 MD ?: e 6 MS µ 6 pv > njonul 6 O] O] ? 6 Mh aolnd ?-3 iu crilmd ?-=) dt ad njdc Faibt-o-Aizl (NO 8 6 MD ?: e 6 MS ?-? 6 pv 3 6 O] O] ? 6 Mh ëpëd niurtd ?-3) innupdlt ao pkênd. Faibt pirtd uld olnkdlld ëpëd niurtd, rdakqud sonrëd md ao trkbu mdpuks mds hëlërotkils. Ka pissêmd ad sdua biunakdr, nilstruntkil ëaobirëd coktd m‛is mëcdlsd kltdaakhdeedlt, eoks ld sd rdlmro pos.dt md pdou. Ka mkrkhdro ao Dlciuk sius ao pkad md rinjdrs dt md sobad quk sdrt md trýld ou njdc, sd triuvd ad hrolm trësir mds fibiams. Mols uld pdtktd cissd niuvdrtd ovdn uld pkdrrd paotd ka y o = pn, 3 po, ao eiktkë m‛uld pkênd m‛ir dt > pdrads baolnjds, njonuld m‛dltrd daads oyolt ao voadur m‛uld hdeed md bosd ?00 pi. 8. PTK]^ MD HITMRIL  À ndt dlmrikt dlmrikt mols ad ad tullda, tullda, ul pdtkt bossk bosskll md hiumril hiumril sd triuvd triuvd sur ad nýtë. Tl hriupd akektë à a‛klcrovkskil ld rdeorqudro pos ad bosskl  gusqu‛à  gusqu ‛à nd a‛ul m‛du m‛duxx ld eorn eornjd jd mdmo mdmols. ls. Ndttd subs substolnd tolnd likrd likrd,, hauolt hauoltdd bröadro adltdedlt sk daad dst dlfloeeëd 6 daad sdro utkad piur cobrkqudr mds tirnjds. Tl bâtil hëlërdusdedlt dlmukt ovdn nd bktued milldro ao auekêrd m‛uld tirnjd stolmorm (royil ?2 e) dt bröadro pdlmolt 3 tiurs. bossklàniltkdlt : a md hiumril. ao cissd vkmëd, daad sdAd rdepakro liuvdou,dlvkril eoks ndao prdlmro mds^k giurs, nor addst hiumril sukltd pautýt qu‛ka ld niuad.

8

 

:. RDPOKRD MD^ CITREK^ HËOL]D^

liurrkturd. Ad mëniupohd, sukvk mu trolspirt, s‛dccdntudro ou rytjed m‛ul edebrd iu dxtrëektë por riulm 6 ad prindssus niepadt prdlmro : riulms ou titoa.

_uolm ads pdrsillohds porvkdlldlt à ndt dlmrikt, kas sdltkrilt uld imdur okhrd quk mdvkdlmro md paus dl paus cirtd dl s‛opprinjolt. Kas dltdlmrilt oussk mds brukts md nakqudtks dt md trittkldedlt. Oairs qu‛kas obirmdlt ao mdrlkêrd niurbd, adur prihrdsskil dst baiquëd por ul hiuccrd md 3 e md aorhd dt m‛uld pricilmdur paus hrolmd qud nd qud adur pdrndptkil vksudaad pdut opprënkdr. Ou-mdaà mu hiuccrd ad niuaikr s‛ëaorhkt dl ul nua-md-son ivoad, iû mkx-sdpt iuvdrturds md >0 ne md mkoeêtrd pdrndlt ads eurs. Mds ciureks hëoltds s‛ontkvdlt portiut md a‛outrd nýtë mu hiuccrd, sur ad sia, ads eurs dt eçed ou paocilm, dltrolt dt sirtolt por ads trius. Daads trolspirtdlt md ao liurrkturd, mds aorvds dt outrds eotkêrds irholkquds lil kmdltk﬏ëds. Ads ciureks hëoltds, tiutds innupëds à adurs tânjds, ld silt goeoks

Bkdl qu‛ka sikt pdu pribobad qud ads pdrsillohds pukssdlt rdltrdr mols ad lkm por ads trius mds ciureks md >0 ne md mkoeêtrd, a‛klvroksdebaobad orrkvd siuvdlt mols ads gdux OM & M, nd quk gustk﬏d ads klcireotkils sur ad lkm nk-mdssius. Ad aobyrkltjd mds ciureks hëoltds s‛ëtdlm sur paus md =40 fe md tulldas dt pauskdurs mkzoklds md pkênds. Pauskdurs tulldas eêldlt à ao surcond dt ads ciureks prispdntdlt à ao ciks ou-mdssus mu sia dt sius ad sia. Daads nuatkvdlt oussk mds njoepkhlils niedstkbads mols pauskdurs pkênds, ads cdrtkaksolt ovdn mu eotërkda irholkqud mëniepisë dt mds

eikls m‛uld miuzokld à ao ciks. Daads ld prçtdlt ounuld ottdltkil oux ibsdrvotdurs.

dxnrëedlts. Ao njoebrd md ao rdkld sd sktud ou paus pricilm mu aobyrkltjd. Ndaad-nk dst ëlired, ovdn ?,:0 e md mkoeêtrd, 3 e md ailh, ?0 MS dt =4 pv. Ndpdlmolt daad ld pdut lk sd mëpaondr, lk ottoqudr, lk eçed qukttdr ao pkênd. Daad dst dltiurëd mds giakds bobkiads dt ibgdts viaës por sds sugdts à ao surcond à sil kltdltkil. Ad trësir klnaut triks hdeeds md ?0 pi, uld hdeed md 40 pi, mdux hdeeds md 400 pi dt ul giyou voaolt 4 000 pi. Ka s‛y triuvd oussk uld pitkil uld  pitkil md supdr-sikls dt uld pitk uld pitkil il md triepd triepdrkd rkd..

Mdux ciureks iuvrkêrds trovokaadlt aobirkdusdedlt sur ad eur sur ad nýtë mrikt dl bos mu nua-md-son, nrdusolt oppordeedlt oppordeedlt ul liuvdou tullda. A‛uld pirtd uld pkdrrd onërëd mols sds eolmkbuads dt a‛outrd utkaksd nd quk sdebad çtrd uld pkqud dl cdr. Ads poriks md njoqud nýtë mu hiuccrd silt dl rinjd pirdusd hakssoltd. Tl ﬏ae m‛dou niltklu mëhiuakld sur tiutd adur surcond, liurrkssolt uld oahud vksqudusd quk vkt sur ad rinjdr.

;. RONKLD^ PDLMOL]D^  À ndt ndt dlmrik dlmrikt, t, ad ad tullda tullda mikt çtrd prin prinjd jd md md ao surco surcond, nd, nor ads ronkl ronklds ds md md vëhëtoux md ao surcond pdrndlt ad paocilm. ]riks ]riks ailhuds ronklds pikauds pdlmdlt mu paocilm gusqu‛ou sia. Bkdl qu‛daads sikdlt kliccdlskvds, ad EM pdut klmukrd ads giudurs à pdlsdr outrdedlt dl mënrkvolt adur ruhisktë dt adur siakmktë. Dl nos md sdniussd sksekqud rëndltd, daads pduvdlt dlnird trdebadr. trdebadr. Md paus, ad niuaikr à ndt dlmrikt sd rëtrënkt à ?,40 e dt

Tl pilt ëtrikt trovdrsd ad hiuccrd dl sil ndltrd 6 so conturd dst stupë﬏oltd 7 ka dst dltkêrdedlt nilstrukt à portkr mds nirps sënjës md ciureks hëoltds ossdebaës por ads eolmkbuads dt ads pottds dt dlmukts m‛uld substolnd sdebaobad à ul eirtkdr sdn. Ads eolmkbuads mds ciureks hëoltds ld silt pos ossdz cirtds piur nrdusdr ropkmdedlt à trovdrs ao rinjd crkobad, oussk, mdux mds ciureks depaikdlt mds iutkas. A‛uld utkaksd ul eirndou onërë md skadx dt a‛outrd tkdlt uld pkqud dl cdr. Ndttd pkqud o ëtë occutëd por ul ailh usohd dt pdut eokltdlolt sdrvkr md mohud sk daad dst prksd oux ciureks (ao pkqud o ëtë viaëd oux jueokls à ao surcond).

ka dst kepisskbad md possdr sols tiunjdr uld ronkld. Nds ronklds silt siupads, eoks três siakmds. ^dntkilldr ads ﬏brds siakmds rdqukdrt ul ibgdt trolnjolt dt mur nieed uld mohud, ul niutdou dl skadx iu ul niqukaaohd (daads pduvdlt oussk çtrd « niupëds ¶ por ad cdu). Njoqud ronkld edsurd > e md ailh. Ads tkrdr à trovdrs ad paocilm ld pdredt pos md mëhohdr md paus hrolmds ailhudurs. Ttkaksëds nieed nirmds keprivksëds daads silt ossdz siakmds piur suppirtdr ad pikms md pauskdurs pdrsillohds.

Ads poriks juekmds silt dxtrçededlt hakssoltds 6 lk ads jieeds lk ads ciureks ld pduvdlt ads crolnjkr. crolnjkr. Ad pilt suppirtdro gusqu‛à ?40 fh (sikt > 000 pi) ovolt md s‛dccilmrdr. s‛dccilmrdr. Ka edsurd 30 ne md aorhd dt ka dst três krrëhuakdr, nor ads tçtds tjirox dt pottds md ciureks pikltdlt mols tiutds ads mkrdntkils. ]iut ]iut pdrsillohd tdltolt md trovdrsdr nd pilt dl eorn dl  eornjol jolt  t  mikt   mikt ibtdlkr eikls qud sil snird md Mdxtërktë sur ?m20 piur ëvktdr md tiebdr mols ad hiuccrd (ads pdrsillohds tiebës silt nilskmërës nieed pdrmus). ]ius ndux quk tdltdlt md trovdrsdr ad pilt à quotrd pottds pduvdlt ad cokrd dl sënurktë. Ads pdrsillohds pduvdlt mëniuvrkr qud ad pilt dst conkadedlt trolspirtobad, norontërkstkqud mds paus ëtilloltds. Ad pilt dltkdr ld pêsd qud ?40 fh, nor ads nirps mds ciureks ld silt qud mds niquds sênjds.  À ul dlmr dlmrikt ikt prês prês mu ndltr ndltrd, d, ads ads eolmkb eolmkbuads uads md ciureks ciureks sd sëpor sëpordlt dlt (iu (iu s‛onnrinjdlt) piur mkvksdr ad pilt dl mdux portkds mkstklntds, a‛uld md 2,80 e md ailh dt a‛outrd md >,>0 e md ailh. ]iut pdrsillohd trovdrsolt ad pilt vdrs ad nýtë mds ciureks hëoltds sdro ottoquë por 8 ciureks iuvrkêrds (NO > 6 MD 4= e 6 MS 2 6 pv ; njonuld 6 O] O] ? 6 Mh ?-3) dt 2 ciureks hudrrkêrds (NO > 6 MD 4= e 6 MS > 6 pv ?= njonuld 6 O] ? 6 Mh 2-: 6 O^ 7 sk ads eolmkbuads tiunjdlt, ads ciureks hudrrkêrds tdltdrilt md pkqudr piur >-?2 piklts md mëhâts, paus ?-= dl nos m‛ënjdn à ul gdt md pritdntkil niltrd ad piksil) quk tdltdrilt md rdpiussdr ad iu ads kltrus. Mds ciureks suppaëedltokrds adur vkdlmrilt dl okmd, ou rytjed m‛uld por riulm 6 piur njoqud trolnjd md nklq rdlcirts, ad mdrlkdr orrkvë sdro uld hudrrkêrd. Daads orrkvdrilt oaëotikrdedlt por ads trius md sirtkd. Ads pdrsillohds tuës por ads ciureks sdrilt mëedebrës por ads iuvrkêrds dt ads eirndoux sdrilt trolspirtës mols ad lkm piur sdrvkr md :

 

?0. ]TLLDA MT NROBD (^IR]KD)

ored lil nilmuntrknd nieed uld eossud dl biks). Ads giudurs ovksës rdeorqudrilt qud sk ads vdrs silt dladvës, ads tubds silt ëtolnjds 6 s‛kas silt oairs sndaaës nilvdlobadedlt (ovdn mds edebrolds md vdr por dxdepad) ul lohdur pdut ads utkaksdr piur depirtdr mdux biuccëds m‛okr suppaëedltokrds. A‛dlmrikt ld rdnêad qud : tubds md vdrs omuatds 6 ads  gduldss quk silt ontud  gduld ontudaaded aadedlt lt dl nriks nrikssolnd solnd knk silt silt dlnird dlnird trip pdtkt pdtkts. s.

A‛dxtrëektë ao paus aikltokld md ndttd pkênd dst innupëd por ul bosA‛dxtrëektë skl pricilm. Pauskdurs pikssils md billd tokaad ëviaudlt mols ad bosskl 6 niltrokrdedlt oux pikssils baolns ovduhads mds novdrlds, ndux-nk rdssdebadlt à mds pikssils m‛dou miund lireoux. Mdux eirndoux md biks silt ënjiuës sur ad rkvohd sobadux mu bosskl.

Ad akdu ?0N  ?0N  dst uld outrd novdrld ovdn uld paohd sobailldusd. Ao mkstolnd dltrd ads zilds rdspkrobads md O dt md N dst md =2 e, sikt ?= norrës. Oklsk, ul pdrsillohd ovdn uld Nilstktutkil md ?= iu paus pdut crolnjkr ao mkstolnd sius a‛dou. Ao novdrld sëporëd à a‛orrkêrd md ao paohd dst ad rdpokrd m‛ul outrd nrobd hëolt (NO > 6 MD 28 e 6 MS 2 6 pv ; 6 O] 2 6 Mh 2-4/2- 4 6 O^ surprksd sur ?-=) ul spënkedl paus pdtkt qud ndauk dl O. Ka ottoqudro siumokldedlt mdpuks ndttd sdnilmd novdrld.

Ndttd pkênd dst ad rdpokrd m‛ul nrobd hëolt (NO > 6 MD 28 e 6 MS > 6 pv ?: 6 O] 2 6 Mh 2-:/2- : 6 O^ surprksd sur ?-=). Ka sdro nonjë mols ad bosskl à a‛dltrëd mu hriupd, survdkaaolt ovdn sds eklusnuads ydux pëmilnuaës. ^k quknilqud opprinjd à eikls md > e mu bosskl, ka sd rudro à a‛ottoqud, surprdlolt sur ?-= (m3). Ad nrobd piurnjossdro so prikd  gusqu‛à  gusqu ‛à ?4 ?4 e mols mols ad niuaikr niuaikr.. Ads pikssils mols ad bosskl silt kliccdlskcs, eoks prumdlts dt ld sdrilt pos conkadedlt ottropës sols ul ﬏adt, uld aolnd iu ul joedèil ovdn uld akhld. Dl cokt, sdua ul rolhdr pdut ads prdlmrd à ao eokl, ottropolt ul liebrd md pikssils ëhoa à sil lkvdou njoqud jdurd. Ads mdux eirndoux md biks silt ailhs dt ossdz siakmds piur çtrd utkaksës nieed eossuds.

Ad akdu ?0M dst ul nua-md-son, pkêhd eirtda piur quk lohdro sk aikl sols Ad akdu okr suppaëedltokrd. Ad akdu ?0D eorqud ?0D eorqud a‛dlmrikt iû ad paocilm dst ossdz ëadvë piur pdredttrd md rdspkrdr. rdspkrdr. Nd tullda nilmukt à ao akbdrtë, uld novdrld subedrhëd sur ad aon mols ad nrotêrd vianolkqud. Ao mkstolnd md O à D dst md 4= e 6 md N à D ao mkstolnd dst md =4 e. A‛dlmrikt l‛dst pos ënaokrë dt nilstktud uld vikd trolqukaad vdrs ao sirtkd.

Ao pkênd mkspisd m‛uld sirtkd sius a‛dou 6 n‛dst a‛uld mds triks kssuds pdredttolt oux mëbriukaaorms md s‛ënjoppdr mu aobyrkltjd.

Ad akdu ?0C dst ao sirtkd sur ao paohd md a‛kad.

Lohdr dt sd liydr 7 ^ius a‛dou, ads pdrsillohds sols dlniebrdedlt pduvdlt lohdr >0 e por riulm (iu ?0 norrës md > e sur ao nortd mëtokaaëd) iu > e por sdhedlt. Ads pdrsillohds dlniebrës (por dxdepad ovdn uld eokl innupëd) rëmukrilt adur mëpaondedlt md ?/>. Tl pdrsillohd pdut rdstdr dl oplëd sius a‛dou (« rdtdlolt so rdspkrotkil ¶) pdlmolt ul liebrd md sdhedlts ëhoa à sil snird md Nilstktutkil. Oklsk, ul pdrsillohd ovdn ?3 dl Nilstktutkil pdut rdstdr sius a‛dou pdlmolt ?3 sdhedlts dt pdut porniurkr ??: e iu ?3 norrës. Oprês ?3 sdhedlts (mols ad nos md a‛dxdepad), ad pdrsillohd ndssdro tiutd ontkvktë dt nieedlndro à s‛ospjyxkdr.. Ao liyomd murd >-?: sdhedlts 6 pdlmolt ndttd përkimd, s‛ospjyxkdr ad pdrsillohd sd niltdltd md sd mëbottrd dl prikd à ao polkqud, bkdl

Ad EM mikt vdkaadr à tdlkr klcireës ads pdrsillohds quk lohdlt md ao mkstolnd qu‛kas ilt porniurud dt nieedlt kas hêrdlt ao murëd (por dxdepad « vius rëoaksdz qud vius ovdz utkaksë ao eiktkë md a‛okr mkspilkbad ¶). Ossurdz-vius qu‛kas okdlt a‛ippirtulktë md vius mënaordr qu‛kas rdbriussdlt njdekl. ^k ul pdrsillohd dst dl dxpairotkil siaktokrd, sëporë mu hriupd, rdstrdkhldz ao mdsnrkptkil à nd giudur sduadedlt, ou nos iû sil pdrsillohd ld pukssd pos dxënutdr ad viyohd md rdtiur. Ads bkcurnotkils mds possohds pduvdlt nousdr qudaquds klqukëtumds oux giudurs. ]iut lohdur quk tdltdro m‛ibsdrvdr ads niurolts piur triuvdr ao billd mkrdntkil rdeorqudro ul aëhdr flux vdrs ao sirtkd. Ndao ld cdro pos pdrmrd md tdeps ou giudur.

qu‛ka pukssdqud çtrd dl sënurktë. Tlàrdsnopë piklts md mëhâts mdtkrë sdhedlts possës sd liydr.subkro ^‛ka ldoutolt triuvdmd pos m‛okr ovolt a‛ëpuksdedlt mu liebrd md sdhedlts md liyomd, ad pdrsillohd sdro eirt. Tl sirt md sikl md siklss aolnë sur ad pdrsillohd mols ads 4 riulms oprês so eirt ad rolkedro dl a‛oedlolt à ? pv. ]iutd biuccëd m‛okr, por dxdepad tkrëd m‛ul tubd à pornjdekl sndaaë iu ul tubd md vdr (vikr nk-mdssius) pdredttro ou lohdur md rdstdr sius a‛dou piur uld liuvdaad përkimd ëhoad dl sdhedlts à sil snird md Nilstktutkil.

??. AD NJOEPKHLIL RDMIT]OB RDMIT]OBAD AD Tl hriupd opprinjolt md ndt dlmrikt rdeorqudro ul ënaot auekldux vdrmâtrd sur ad mdvolt, nieedlèolt à dlvkril ?: e md ao pkênd (souc sk ad hriupd o so priprd siurnd md auekêrd ouquda nos kas ld rdeor rdeor-qudrilt pos ao audur ovolt m‛dltrdr mols a‛dlmrikt).

Dxpaknotkil md ao nortd mëtokaaëd 7 Ad akdu ?0O dst a‛dltrëd mu rdpokrd mu nrobd hëolt. Ad akdu ?0B dst uld lknjd iû vkvdlt m‛ëtrolhds vdrs tubds sius-eorkls. Ads vdrs sd liurrkssdlt mu paolntil md possohd dt md tius pdtkts olkeoux m‛dou. Ads tubds hrks cilt md 30 à ;0 ne md ailh dt silt olnrës ou rinjdr. Kas ilt dlvkril 4 ne md mkoeêtrd. Mds vdrs riuhd brkaaolt vkvdlt mols nds tubds, sirtdlt à uld dxtrëektë dt s‛y rëhuhkdlt s‛kas silt edlonës. Kas sd pritêhdlt dl ëedttolt uld pdtktd mënjorhd ëadntrkqud s‛kas silt mërolhës. Njoqud niltont ovdn ul vdr iu sil tubd klflkhd ? piklt md niup por mënjorhd ëadntrkqud. Tl tubd nilvdlobadedlt croppë sd mëtonjd md so bosd, tuolt ad vdr (a‛ottoquolt subkro ? piklt md mëhâts souc s‛ka utkaksd uld

N‛dst uld pkênd juekmd iu ul adlt hiuttd à hiuttd o cireë mds stoaontktds dt mds stoaohektds. Tld mkzokld md stoaontktds (md ao tokaad md pdrndurs) pdlmdlt mu paocilm. A‛uld dst rëndeedlt tiebëd dt mds ënaots hksdlt sur ad sia ou ndltrd md ao pkênd. Ao audur privkdlt mds mkx-sdpt njoepkhlils pjispjirdsndlts dl biuqudt ou ndltrd md ao pkênd. Njonul o dlvkril ?4 ne md mkoeêtrd. Mdux njoepkhlils paus hrolms sd triuvdlt ou ndltrd mu biuqudt md njoepkhlils. ]ius mdux ilt tokaad jueokld dt rdssdebadlt à mds nrkorms, eoks a‛ul o quotrd brolnjds md ?,20 e md ailh.

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?2. AD BO^^KL MD A‛OLNKDL

Ad njoepkhlil sols brolnjd dst ul nrkorm (NO 8 6 MD > e 6 MS > 6 pv ?; 6 O] 0 6 Mh 0), eoks ad njoepkhlil brolnju dst ul cilhus vkiadt (NO 8 6 MD > e 6 MS > 6 pv 20 6 = O] 6 Mh piksil piurrkssolt ao njokr). Ads brolnjds mu cilhus vkiadt ciredlt ul moks pritdntdur ou-mdssus mu nrkorm dt mds njoepkhlils brkaaolts 6 quknilqud opprinjd à ?,20 e iu eikls mu hris njoepkhlil priviqudro ad ciudttdedlt md sds brolnjds sukltoltds (nopobads m‛ottoqudr tiutd nkbad ovdn mdux mds brolnjds). ^k ads pdrsillohds tdltdlt md rëniatdr ads njoepkhlils brkaaolts ovdn mds bâtils iu m‛ottoqudr ad njoepkhlil vkiadt dl rdstolt jirs md pirtëd, kas nilstotdrilt qud ad cilhus vkiadt pdut ovolndr subktdedlt md qudaquds pos dt ads ottoqudr ëhoadedlt ! ]iutd nrëoturd tiunjëd por uld brolnjd mikt rëusskr ul gdt md pritdntkil niltrd ad piksil piur njoqud ottoqud rëusskd6 ul ënjdn skhlk﬏d ao eirt mud ou pukssolt piksil piurrkssolt ao njokr quk sukltd mds brolnjds.

]iutds ads dltrëds nilmuksdlt knk ou birm m‛ul bosskl siutdrrokl. Ao pricilmdur vorkd dltrd 2,?0 e dt =,40 e. Tld siurnd md auekêrd pdredt md rdhormdr à trovdrs a‛dou trolqukaad dt naokrd nieed mu nrkstoa. Ad cilm mu bosskl dst niuvdrt md bolns md nrustonës baolns md novdrlds. Ads ibsdrvotdurs piurrilt vikr mds pikssils baolns ovduhads dt mds ënrdvkssds. Tl pdtkt rukssdadt niuad mols ad bosskl mdpuks ao biunjd md a‛ul mds tulldas (ad possohd quk nilmukt à ao zild ?4 ?4 quk  quk dst à a‛irkhkld mu niurs m‛dou). N‛dst a‛dlmrikt iû ads fibiams (md ao zild 3 ) pçnjdlt adurs adurs nrustonës. nrustonës. Ads niqukaads md nds nrëoturds silt ailhuds dt ivoads, nieed ads eiuads dt sk daads silt okhuksëds daads nilstktudlt mds mohuds nilvdlobads iu mds iutkas. Dl tolt qud mohuds daads pdredttdlt md croppdr ovdn -2 ou gdt m‛ottoqud 6 daads klflkhdrilt oairs ?-= piklts md mëhâts.

Ad nrkorm, bkdl sör, juradro sk quknilqud vkdlt à > e iu eikls md auk. ^k ad njoepkhlil vkiadt sd mëpaond, ad nrkorm sd mëpaondro oussk mols ad but md rdstdr prês md auk.

Ndpdlmolt daads ilt >4 % (lil nueuaotkvds) md njolnds md nossdr sur njoqud tiunjdr rëussk.

Ads njoepkhlils brkaaolts silt oussk eibkads (MD > e) dt sd edttrilt jirs mu njdekl sk ad hris njoepkhlil nieedlnd à biuhdr, cuyolt crëlëtkqudedlt piur rdstdr prinjds eoks ëvktdr m‛çtrd ënrosës, tiut dl ëedttolt mds pdtkts nrks okhus, niltrorkës. Tl sdua njoepkhlil prinurd uld auekêrd mëndltd (bkdl qud vdrtd) mols ul royil md > e, mdux prinurdlt uld brkaaolnd sur 3 e dt triks iu paus milldlt uld billd auekêrd mols ul royil md ; e. Ndpdlmolt, s‛kas pisës à tdrrd, kas s‛dlcukrilt.

Ao zild ?2O  sur   sur ao nortd dst ao portkd vkskbad mu bosskl quk innupd ao portkd sdptdltrkiload md ndttd novdrld. Dl cokt ad bosskl s‛ëtdlm paus aikl (zild ?2B ) sius ads rinj rinjdrs drs iû ka l‛y o pos md pinjd pinjdss m‛ok m‛okrr. Ao siurnd sdnrêtd dt ao sirtkd silt pricilmëedlt dlciukds sius ?2B ?2B,, ads mdux ëtolt trip pdtktds piur aokssdr possdr quknilqud. Ads pdrsillohds pduvdlt siujoktdr dxpairdr ao zild dl ?2B ?2B.. Ad ME sd rdpirtdro à ao zild ?0 nilndrlolt ads rêhads md lohd sius-eorkld.

Ao stoaontktd tiebëd dst brksëd dl skx hris eirndoux oux birms niupolts, eoks kas silt oussk mols ad ndltrd md ao pkênd outiur mds pkdms mds njoepkhlils. M‛outrds eirndoux silt tiebës jirs md pirtëd mds njoepkhlils, eoks ads prëmotdurs ainoux ads ilt rënupërës, ld aokssolt qud ads eirndoux sktuës mols ao zild molhdrdusd). Nds pkdrrds pduvdlt sdrvkr m‛oreds, sikt por aolndr, quk klflkhdro ?-= piklts md mëhâts (niurtd pirtëd à > e, eiydlld pirtëd à 3 e, ailhud pirtëd à ; e), sikt tdluds

Ao zild ?2B ?2B dst  dst oussk ad rdpokrd m‛uld aolhiustd hëoltd (NO = 6 MD ?: e/>3 e 6 MS =+= 6 pv 20 6 O] 2 6 Mh 2-?2 /2-?2) quk ottoqudro quknilqud s‛kltrimukt mols ndttd portkd md novdrld, surprdlolt sur ?-> (m3). Ndttd jirrdur md 2,80 e dst rëdaadedlt ad rik mu bosskl, qu‛daad o vkmë md tius sds ippisolts dl ads mëvirolt. Niltrokrdedlt à sds jieiaihuds ovduhads, daad o uld rëdaad vkskil. Nd nrustonë olnkdl dst jobktuë qud

dl eokl brksdr dl tolt qu‛ored niltilmoltd. ^kmd daads sdrvdlt m‛iutkas, daads pduvdlt mds birms md stoaontktds iu stoaohektds, oreolt oklsk ad hriupd dltkdr. Ndttd ontkil pdredt md mëtonjdr trdkzd hris eirndoux md pkdrrd.

ads possdlt por ?2O  eoks tius ndux orrkvdrilt  sd-?2B sd ?2B riltnrëoturds souvohdedlt ottoquës. Ka,piursukvro eçedquk a‛kltrus molsdl ao novdrld dxtërkdurd ( ?2O) s‛orrçtolt ?2O) s‛orrçtolt sduadedlt sk so prikd orrkvd à sd souvdr mols ads tulldas ëedrhës. Ka sd rdtkrdro dlsuktd mols so priprd tolkêrd. ?0

 

?>. NIKL EKLËROA ?>O . Knk ul ocfldurdedlt md cired krrëhuakêrd sdrt md siurnd m‛opprivkskilldedlt dl skadx piur ads fibiams (dl 3). ^ols iutkas, ka dst kepisskbad md rënupërdr mds hris eirndoux, eoks md liebrdux pdtkts ënaots silt mkssëeklës outiur. ?>B. uld vdkld md njorbil tdlmrd mols ad eur eorqud ndt dlmrikt. ?>B. ^duad uld siurnd md auekêrd pdredt md ao rdeorqudr6 a‛klcrovkskil ld ao mkccërdlnkdro pos mu rdstd mu eur. A‛utkaksotkil m‛iutkas pdredt m‛dxtrokrd dlvkril > fh md njorbil mu eur 6 sols iutkas, ka ld sdro pos pisskbad m‛dxtrokrd paus md 400 h. Tl mdek-fkaihroeed md njorbil dlfloeeë bröadro pdlmolt triks jdurds prinurolt md ao auekêrd mols ul royil md ?2 e. Ad njorbil bröad à uld tdepëroturd paus ëadvëd qud ao pauport mds niebustkbads lëndssktdro paus qu‛uld ëtklndaad piur a‛oaauedr (ul vrok cdu sdro miln dt lëndssokrd). ?=. AD BAOKRDOT BRT]OA N‛dst ad rdpokrd m‛ul baokrdou hëolt (NO = 6 MD 28 e 6 MS > 6 pv ?2 6 O] > 6 Mh ?->/?->/?- 3). Ovolt, a‛ul md sds tulldas ëtokt nilldntë à ao surcond, eoks ads ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds a‛ilt nil﬏lë mols ads sius-sias dt ad tullda md sirtkd s‛dst dccilmrë. Ka o opprks à vkvrd dl rëniatolt ads nrustonës mu bosskl (akdu ?2) dt tiut nd qu‛ka pdut ottropdr y nieprks m‛innoskilldas fibiams. Ao bçtd o eouvoks norontêrd dt daad ottoqudro tiutd nrëoturd quk dltrd mols ao pirtkil mu tullda qu‛daad nilskmêrd nieed sil tdrrktikrd. ?4. GORMKL MD NJOEPKHLIL^ Tl pdtkt rukssdou niuad ad ailh mu tullda vdrs ad bosskl (akdu ?2). A‛dou hiuttd rëhuakêrdedlt mu paocilm md ndttd pkênd juekmd, nrëolt m‛ëpokssds stoaohektds dt stoaontktds (quk ld pduvdlt çtrd brksëds), oklsk qu‛ul dlvkrilldedlt juekmd piur ads euatktumds md njoepkhlils dt md eikskssurds quk y piussdlt. ]iutds ]iutds ads niuadurs, cireds dt tokaads dxkstdlt, y nieprks qudaquds njoepkhlils quk cilt 2,80 e milt ads tkhds silt ëpokssds nieed mds trilns. Ao pkênd dst cokbadedlt ënaokrëd m‛uld audur riuhdâtrd, nakhlitoltd.  Ounul njoepkhlil njoepkhlil md ndttd pkênd pkênd l‛dst molhdrdux molhdrdux souc souc dl nos m‛klhdstkil (30 % sols dccdt, >0 % piksil eirtda, ovdn gdt md pritdntkil niltrd ad piksil dt ?0 % md mëedlnd joaaunklotikrd pdlmolt uld sdeokld sols gdt md pritdntkil). Ads pkdms mds njoepkhlils silt aëhdrs, eoks ribustds dt trolspirtobads. Obottrd ad njoepkhlil hëolt rdqukdrt mds iutkas hrisskdrs. Mols ndttd pkênd, prês mu eur lirm-iudst, triks snorobëds md cdu (NO = 6 MD >3 eriuhdâtrd. 6 MS ?+2 6Nds pv 8klsdntds njonul hëolts 6 O] O] ? 6 Mh 2-:)sur nilstktudlt ao siurnd ao audur vkvdlt ads mkccërdlts typds md njoepkhlils prësdlts. Kas khlirdrilt ads kltrus souc s‛kas opprinjdlt à eikls md ?,40 e, ouquda nos kas nilskmêrdrilt qu‛kas silt ottoquës dt niebottrilt. Prëadvëds, ads triks haolmds brkaaoltds md njoqud snorobëd ëedttrilt md ao auekêrd sur ul royil md > e pdlmolt ?-3 giurs. ?3. MDEDTRD MD^ E[NILKMD^ Dl hëlëroa, tiutds nds pkênds silt ossdz juekmds 6 mols bkdl mds dlmrikts, a‛dou rukssdaad dl ﬏adts mdpuks ad paocilm. Ad flux dl dxnês s‛ëniuad ou trovdrs mds ﬏ssurds mu sia. Ads stoaontktds obilmdlt knk, souc aà iû ads eynilkmds (vikr paus aikl) ads ilt dladvëds. ]iutds ads pkênds silt cokbadedlt ënaokrëds por mds njoepkhlils brkaaolts (vikr ao zild ??). _udaquds ëlireds spënkedls md >0 ne md mkoeêtrd ëviaudlt porciks à ndt dlmrikt, prihrdssolt adltdedlt dt hrieedaolt piur dux-eçeds. Nds hrolms eimêads ënaokrdlt mols ul royil md 3 e.) Njoqud nikl dt rdnikl md nds pkênds dst innupë por mds njoepkhlils milt ao tokaad auxurkoltd ottdklt mds pripirtkils rordedlt vuds okaadurs. ^ouc klmknotkil niltrokrd kas silt kliccdlskcs souc dl nos m‛klhdstkil (vikr ad akdu ?4 ?4.).) ??

 

Ndttd pkênd obrktd ad vkaaohd mds eynilkmds bkdl qud ndao ld soutd pos keeëmkotdedlt oux ydux mds vksktdurs. Ads mdedurds mds eynilkmds silt dl rëoaktë m‛ëlireds njoepkhlils nrdux dl cired md vdssds md aiup quk piussdlt porek ads outrds cilhiémds 6 trdltd-mdux m‛dltrd daads porsêedlt oaëotikrdedlt ao pkênd. Ads eynilkmds dltrdlt dt sirtdlt md adurs eoksils à trovdrs mds edebrolds ivoads md ?,40 e à 2,80 e md jout. Nds edebrolds sd rdniaadlt outieotkqudedlt, ads eynilkmds possdlt skepadedlt ou trovdrs.

?3O. AD NIEK]Ë M‚ONNTDKA A‛dltrëd md ndttd pkênd dst flolquëd md mdux nrkorms md 2,?0 e md jout A‛dltrëd (NO 8 6 MD > e 6 MS > 6 pv 2>, 22 6 O] 0 6 Mh 0). Kas nieedlndrilt à juradr mês qu‛kas sdltkrilt ad eiuvdedlt md tiutd nrëoturd l‛ëtolt pos ul njoepkhlil à > e iu eikls m‛dux. Ou sdnilm riulm sukvolt ads nrks, uld niaadntkil jëtërinaktd md hormkdls md ao pirtd opporoktro, trovdrsolt ads stoaohektds dt ads njoepkhlils hëolts. Kas tdltdrilt m‛depçnjdr tiutd prihrdsskil mols ndt dlmrikt, niebottolt s‛ka ad cout. Ad hriupd dst niepisë mds nrëoturds sukvoltds

Ads eynilkmds md ndttd pkênd silt tius ou rdpis mols adurs eoksils. Ndux quk silt ontkcs sd noltilldrilt dl hëlëroa oux akdux ?3N, M dt D. ^k pdrsilld ld pëlêtrd mols ads eoksils, ao pribobkaktë (lil nueuaotkvd) md rdlniltrdr ul eynilkmd l‛dst qud md >0 % por tiur possë mols ndttd pkênd (NO ?0 6 MD 28 e 6 MS 2-4 6 O] ? 6 Mh vorkobad, ëhoa à ?m= x MS 6 O^ ottoqud por spirds, vikr mdsnrkptkil dl ﬏l md eimuad 6 M^ pdou vdlkedusd, milt ad niltont nousd ?-= piklts md mëhâts). Tl eynilkmd ovdn 2 MS cukro à ao vud m‛ëtrolhdrs, niurolt vdrs uld eoksil piur oadrtdr ul olnkdl. Tl eynilkmd ovdn > MS iu paus s‛opprinjdro mu hriupd dt tdltdro m‛dlhohdr ao nieeulknotkil dl ospdrhdolt ad edebrd quk mkrkhd ad hriupd ovdn mds spirds m‛dltdltd. Ndao rdlm a‛jieed njoepkhlil nopobad md nieeulkqudr por D.^.P D.^.P ovdn  ovdn ao nkbad ou riulm sukvolt.

Tl fibiam  Tl fibi am  aëprdux,  aëprdux, sdebaobad à ul ziebkd (NO ; 6 MD ?: e 6 MS µ 6 pv 2 6 O] O] ? 6 Mh mohud dl skadx ?-=). Ndttd nrëoturd o a‛okr m‛çtrd eirtd mdpuks mdux sdeoklds. ^il nirps dst niuvdrt m‛juedur vksqudusd dt md eikskssurds 6 mds njoepkhlils piussdlt mols sds irbktds. Mdux ciureks hëoltds iuvrkêrds (NO > 6 MD >3 e 6 MS 2 6 pv 8, 3 6 O] Mdux ciureks ? 6 Mh ?-3). Adurs oltdllds silt occokssëds dt trokldlt sur ad sia. Daads ld cilt ounul brukt dt sd mëpaondlt paus adltdedlt qud mds ciureks hëoltds lireoads. Tl snorobëd Tl snor obëd md cdu cdu (NO = 6 MD 28 e 6 MS ?+2 6 pv 4 6 O] ? 6 Mh 2-:). Ka ld brkaad pos dt sdebad sd mëpaondr paus adltdedlt qud ao lireoad. Tl nomovrd jueokl (NO jueokl (NO ?0 6 MD 28 e 6 MS ? 6 pv = 6 O] 2 6 Mh hrkccds issdusds ?-> /?->). Ad squdadttd l‛o paus qud qudaquds aoebdoux md njokr,, eoks ka sd mëpaond dlnird. Dl md liebrdux dlmrikts, ul cilhus njokr vkiadt buabdux sdebad ovikr rdepaonë ao njokr dt ad solh. Tl cilhus  gould sd eçad eçad oux spird spirdss vkiadttds dttds (n‛ds (n‛dstt uld niailkd niailkd md eikskssurd skssurd  gould.. Njoqud niltont  gould niltont ovdn ad nirps dlhdlmrd dlhdlmrd =0 % md njolnds qud ads spirds md ao eikskssurd gokaakssdlt dl ul luohd md >Ø>Ø >e.

^k ad eynilkmd porvkdlt à nieeulkqudr ovdn ad pdrsillohd quk o rdèu ads spirds, ka mdeolmdro nd qud ad hriupd cokt knk. ^k ad hriupd mdeolmd md a‛okmd, ka iccrkro md ads nilmukrd à sil rik (dl ?3D ). ^k ad hriupd dst klsuatolt, orriholt iu dxkhdolt, a‛jieed njoepkhlil sd niltdltdro md aokssdr sil kltdrainutdur sur paond dt portkro dl sukvolt ao riutd ao paus niurtd pisskbad piur klciredr ad rik à pripis mds kltrus. ^k ad eynilkmd dst ottoquë ovolt iu oprês ovikr tdltë md nieeulkqudr, ka sd mëcdlmro tiut dl rdaânjolt ul luohd md spirds md mëtrdssd. Nds spirds oadrtdrilt tius ads eynilkmds quk sd triuvdlt mols ndttd ëlired pkênd mols ul mëaok md = riulms 6 ul quort m‛dltrd dux vkdlmro sd giklmrd à a‛ënjoucciurëd à njoqud riulm. Ads rdlcirts rdaânjdrilt oussk mds spirds md mëtrdssd nd quk ﬏lkro por oadrtdr a‛kltëhroaktë mds eynilkmds md ao niailkd.

] ius ndux quk sd triuvdrilt mols nd luohd mikvdlt rëusskr ul gdt md pritdntkil niltrd ad piksil iu eiurkr.) Nds nrëoturds eirtds silt tiutds olkeëds por ads spirds spënkoads qud sënrêtd ad rik mds eynilkmds (vikr ao mdsnrkptkil à ao ﬏l mu eimuad piur md paus oepads mëtokas sur ads eynilkmds). Kas croppdrilt dl mdrlkdr à tius ads riulms, eoks kas ld silt pos mds eirts-vkvolts dt ld pduvdlt çtrd rdpiussës. Ads eynilkmds nieptdlt sur nds hormds piur mëniurohdr mds kltrus dt ld vkdlmrilt pos survdkaadr ao botokaad.

Ads mkccërdltds eoksils mu vkaaohd niltkdlldlt njonuld ul « ndrnad ¶ md eynilkmds ou rdpis. Nds hriupds sd nilstktudlt md quotrd klmkvkmus md njonul mds typds sukvolts 7

?3B. CIRÇ] MD NJOEPKHLIL^ N‛dst uld ëlired soaad viötëd md 2= e md mkoeêtrd dt md ?4 e à sil sieedt. Tld eikskssurd pjispjirdsndltd ou paocilm mkccusd uld ëtrolhd audur badud sur ads njoepkhlils hëolts dt outrds piussds md ao cirçt cilhkqud quk niuvrd ad sia. Ounuld brksd ld siucfld, eoks, ads njoepkhlils sdebadlt innoskilldaadedlt brukrd dt isnkaadr nieed sk ul vdlt possokt ou ekakdu m‛dux. Mds sdltkdrs sdrpdltdlt à trovdrs ao cirçt md njoepkhlils eosskcs, rdakolt ads dltrëds dt edlolt md tiutd ëvkmdlnd mols md liebrdusds kepossds.

MS ? 2 > =

pv = njonul : njonul ?2 njonul ?3 njonul

]okaad 30 ne ?,20 e ?,:0 e 2,=0 e

4

20 njonul

>e

Mh ?-= 2-: >-?2 =-?3

^pirds Mëtrdssd + Rdprimuntkil + Dltdltd + Ponk﬏notkil

4-20 + Joaaunklotkil

NO ?0 6 MD 28 e 6 O] ? 6 M^ pdou vdlkedusd, milt ad niltont nousd ?-= piklts md mëhâts. ?2

 

^k ad hriupd tdltd md s‛ënjoppdr dl ëtolt nilcriltë oux rdlcirts eynilkmds, nds mdrlkdrs ads outirksdrilt à portkr sk ads ovdlturkdrs portdlt por ?3O . ^k ad hriupd niebot, ads eynilkmds tdltdrilt m‛dl ldutroaksdr ads edebrds ovdn ads spirds md ponk﬏notkil dt m‛joaaunklotkil à njoqud ciks qud pisskbad. Ndux quk ëvktdrilt ads spirds sdrilt edlonës por md liebrdux eynilkmds souc s‛kas sd rdlmdlt. Ads pdrsillohds nopturës iu s‛ëtolt rdlmus sdrilt oedlës mdvolt ad rik.

?-= piklts md mëhâts). Ao njoebrd dst vkmd, ënaokrëd por sduadedlt qudaquds njoepkhlils brkaaolts. Ad rik niirmilld tiutds ads ontkvktës mols ao nktë eynilkmd 6 rësiut ads mksputds dt lëhinkd ovdn ads ëtrolhdrs. Ka dst tiugiurs ovkmd md liuvdaads mu aobyrkltjd dt qudstkilldro ad hriupd por ad trunjdedlt mds spirds m‛dltdltd sur nd qu‛kas ilt vu dt nd qu‛kas ilt cokt. ^k ad hriupd niipêrd dt rëpilm oux qudstkils mu rik, puks auk mdeolmd md a‛okmd piur sirtkr mu aobyrkltjd, nd mdrlkdr lëhinkdro ovdn dux 7 sk ad hriupd tud ao aolhiustd hëoltd (dl ?2) dt oppirtd mds prduvds qu‛kas ilt onniepak ndttd tânjd, ad rik adur rëvëadro nieedlt ottdklmrd uld vikd md sirtkd (ao njdeklëd dl ?;). Ad rik nilskmêrd ao aolhiustd hëoltd nieed ao paus hrolmd edlond ainoad piur ads eynilkmds.

?3N. CDRED MD NJOEPKHLIL^ Ndttd vostd novdrld bossd dst ënaokrëd por md liebrdux cilhus brkaaolts. Mds njoepkhlils niedstkbads md tius typds piussdlt knk dl rolhëds, ndrnads dt outrds cireds hëieëtrkquds nilstktuolt ao novdrld ohrkniad mds eynilkmds. Tl « ndrnad ¶ m‛jieeds cilhus dl liebrd dt typd ëhoa à ndux dl ?3B  trovokaadlt knk mols adurs ëtrolhds nuaturds sur?3B trovokaadlt loturdaads. Tld rolhëd md tiut pdtkts eynilkmds ëviaud mols ads outrds nuaturds md njoepkhlils.

^k hriupd mdvolt l‛onndptd pospkdm md tudr ao aolhiustd hëoltd iu skottoquë ad hriupd dstadnilmukt ad rik dt piklhs akës oprês ovikr ads eynilkmds, ad rik adur pisdro lëoleikls mds qudstkils sur ads ëvëldedlts mds siutdrrokls. Ndpdlmolt ad hriupd sdro dlsuktd titoadedlt mëpiukaaë md tiutds sds pissdsskils dt rdnilmukt mols ad aobyrkltjd. Ad hriupd ld sdro eçed pos outirksë à ovikr mds njoepkhlils brkaaolts. Tl « ndrnad ¶ md eynilkmds s‛ossurdro qud ad hriupd qukttd a‛dlmrikt.

?3M. CT^KIL MD E[NILKMD^ Ndttd pdtktd pkênd dst ao soaad md cuskil mds eynilkmds iû ul « ndrnad ¶ md nrëoturds kmdltkquds à ndaads md ?3B ?3B silt  silt ossksds dl dltdltd joaaunklotikrd. ^k mds spirds md mëtrdssd sd cilt sdltkr sdltkr,, a‛dltdltd sdro brksëd.

Ao pdtktd pkênd mdrrkêrd ao njoebrd mu rik dst a‛dlmrikt iû ad njdc mds eynilkmds hormd uld rësdrvd md pitkils à l‛utkaksdr qu‛dl nos m‛urhdlnd. Ad rik o ëaobirë tiutds nds pitkils dl utkaksolt a‛oanjkekd cilhkqud, eoks daads rdprimuksdlt lëoleikls ads dccdts mds pitkils lireoads. Daads silt niltdluds mols mds biutdkaads coktds ovdn mds tçtds md ciureks hëoltds. Ads pitkils silt 7  sup  supdr dr-sik -sikls ls,,  ohro  ohrolmks lmkssded sdedlt  lt ,  siklss, klvk  sikl  klvkskbk skbkaktë aktë,, ropk  ropkmktë mktë,, dt rdsp dt rdspkrotk krotkil il oquo oquotkqu tkqudd.

?3D. NJOEBRD RI[OA RI [OAD D N‛dst ao njoebrd mu rik (NO ?0 6 MD 28 e 6 MS 3 6 pv >0 6 O] ? 6 Mh 3-2= 6  O^ tius tius luohds luohds md spird spirdss 6 M^ M^ pdou pdou vdlked vdlkedusd, usd, milt ad nilton niltontt nousd nousd

?>

 

?8. RDPOKRD MD A‛DLAONDTR

?:. HITCCRD  À ndt dlmr dlmrikt, ikt, ad sia sia mu tulld tulldaa mksporok mksporokt mols mols ul hiucc hiuccrd rd md md 3 e md aorh aorhdd quk baiqud ao prihrdsskil. Ads poriks mu hiuccrd silt à pkn dt ao cissd daad-eçed edsurd 30 e md pricilmdur. Ou cilm ka l‛y o ounuld kssud. Ads eurs ndrlolt ad hiuccrd silt sdns dt ul viadur a‛dsnoaomd à sil piurndltohd lireoa. Ad tdst s‛dccdntud tius ads > e n‛dst-à-mkrd mdux ciks sk ad viadur hrkepd vdrs a‛outrd nýtë md ao cissd.

Tl hiuttd à hiuttd rëhuakdr m‛dou pdrniad mu paocilm à nd norrdciur md tulldas dt md liebrdusds stoaontktds dt stoaohektds topkssdlt ad sia dt ad paocilm. Tld mds stoaohektds dst dl rëoaktë ul dlaondur à eiktkë mëvdaippë (NO > 6 MD ; e 6 MS 4 6 pv 24 6 O] ? 6 Mh 2-?2 6 O^ tirils nousolt ao cokbadssd 6 M^ =4 % md rëskstolnd à ao eohkd, keeulksë oux ënaokrs, subkt sduadedlt µ mieeohds mu crikm). Ads tirils md a‛dlaondur pduvdlt s‛ëtdlmrd gusqu‛à uld ailhudur md 3 e dt ao nrëoturd ottoqudro mês qud qudaqu‛ul sdro à ndttd mkstolnd, surprdlolt sur ?-=. Ad tiunjdr md a‛ul mds skx tirils md a‛dlaondur nousd ao cokbadssd 7 ao vkntked pdrm 40 %

?;. NJDEKLËD (^IR]KD) Ad niuaikr sd tdrekld sur uld pkênd md 3 e md aorhd. Ads eurs silt niuvdrts md eikskssurd jukadusd dt akeildusd mu sia gusqu‛ou pao-

md so Cirnd ?-> riulms. Md paus, ao pdrsilld sdro. dltroìlëd md >pdlmolt e por riulm vdrs ao huduad padkld md mdlts tiunjëd md a‛dlaondur. a‛dlaondur Ao pribobkaktë md brksdr ul tiril dst ao eçed qud piur iuvrkr uld pirtd. Pauskdurs niltonts sunndsskcs mds tirils l‛ohhrovdlt pos ads dccdts md ao cokbadssd 6 ao pdrtd sd akektd à 40 % md ao Cirnd. Ci rnd. Ad pdrsillohd occokbak rënupërdro ndaad-nk dl 3 tiurs, mkekluës m‛ul liebrd md tiurs ëhoa ou bilus md Nilstktutkil oux MS mu pdrsillohd s‛ka dl o.

cilm 3 eeou-mdssus. Ad njdeklëd ndltrd mu paocilm dstNdttd pdrnënjdeklëd m‛uld iuvdrturd md ?,20 md aorhd, uld rinjdusd. eiltd tiut mrikt gusqu‛à ao pirtëd eoxkeoad md vkskil. Ndttd vikd nilstktud uld outrd pisskbkaktë md sirtkd piur ads pdrsillohds. Ads eurs md ndttd pkênd silt hakssolts dt ld pduvdlt çtrd dsnoaomës 6 md paus, ao eikskssurd quk ads niuvrd o uld cirtd tdldur dl onkmd, bröaolt ao njokr ou niltont piur ?-> pv.

^k a‛dlaondur dst tuë, ka pdrmro keeëmkotdedlt so nilskstolnd, rdaânjolt sds tirils à adur ailhudur eoxkeoad md 3 e njonul. Tld ciks mëtonjës md a‛dlaondur, nds tirils cdrilt mds nirmds siakmds, njonul pdsolt 200 fh (= 000 pi). Ad hëskdr md a‛dlaondur niltkdlt triks hdeeds, uld voaolt ?00 pi, uld 400 pi dt ao mdrlkêrd 4 000 pi.

Ads giudurs pduvdlt ottdklmrd ao njdeklëd à 3 e mu sia por pauskdurs eiydls. Ad pilt md ciureks md ao zild z ild : iu ads pkdms md njoepkhlils hëolts stinfës dl ?3  pduvdlt suc﬏rd. Tld pyroekmd jueokld ?3   iu ?: ?: pduvdlt pdredt oussk md a‛ottdklmrd, à nilmktkil qu‛daad sikt nilstruktd kltdaakhdeedlt (ad paus cirt dl bos, ad paus aëhdr ou sieedt, dtn.) dt qu‛daad sd niepisd ou eklkeue md skx pdrsillds. Ads giudurs padkls md rdssiurnds piurrilt klvdltdr m‛outrds eëtjimds. Litdr qu‛ul sirt sout sirt sout ld pdredt qu‛ul bilm vdrtknoa md > e. Ao njdeklëd cokt dlvkril ?,20 e md aorhd 6 daad prësdltd uld sërkd m‛ospërktës quk ao rdlm conkad à dsnoaomdr, eçed piur qudaqu‛ul quk l‛dst pos viadur. Ao njdeklëd eiltd sur >3 e, gusqu‛à ul nua-md-son. Ndpdlmolt, quolm ul iu mds pdrsillohds ilt ottdklt ad sieedt dt nilstotë qud ao njdeklëd dst sols kssud ad hriupd nilndrlë sdro ottoquë à ek-njdekl airs md sil rdtiur por uld ëlired orokhlëd pkëhdusd (NO 3 6 MD 4= e 6 MS 2+2 6 pv ?= 6 ?O] 6 Mh ?-3 6 O^ piksil, gdt md pritdntkil à + ? sur ad gdt md më) quk bilmkro md mdrrkêrd so pirtd sdnrêtd surprdlolt sur ?-4 (m3). Daad ottoqudro ao pdrsilld md tçtd sk pauskdurs silt prësdltds. Ad gdt m‛ottoqud mds pdrsillohds sdro rëmukt md -2 airs mds niebots mols ao njdeklëd, à nousd md a‛dxkhñktë dt md ao lëndssktë md s‛onnrinjdr oux prksds. Ad rdpokrd md a‛orokhlëd dst uld pkênd m‛dlvkril ?,40 e md mkoeêtrd sktuëd ?: e ou-mdssus md a‛iuvdrturd mols ad paocilm md ao novdrld mu bos. Porek ads brolnjohds dt ao aktkêrd md a‛orokhlëd, uld pdtktd biursd dl nukrbiursd dst dlnird ottonjëd à ao ndklturd qudm‛uld pirtoktvoadur sil priprkëtokrd. Ndttd niltkdlt 28 pd dt mdux hdeeds liekload md 400 pi njonuld. Ad rdpokrd md a‛orokhlëd mkspisd m‛ul pdtkt biyou md sirtkd, ëtrikt tullda skludux quk nilmukt ?2 e paus jout à ao troppd md sirtkd sdnrêtd md a‛orokhlëd vdrs ao surcond. Daad dst nonjëd mdrrkêrd ul orbrd niunjë mols ul bisqudt md jçtrds dlvojk md vëhëtotkil. 20. AD PËRKA MD^ PDRNDTR^ N‛dst ul outrd norrdciur md tulldas, ul dlmrikt juekmd padkl md stoaontktds dt md stoaohektds. ^kx pdrndurs (NO > 6 MD > e 6 MS > 6 pv ; njonul 6 O] ? 6 Mh >-?:) sd nonjdlt knk porek ads stoaontktds. Kas silt hriupës ou paocilm ou ndltrd md ao pkênd. ^k quknilqud possd por ad ndltrd md ao pkênd, ads pdrndurs tiebdrilt dt ottoqudrilt. ^k ads pdrsillohds sd mëpaondlt sur ad piurtiur md ao pkênd, ads pdrndurs sdrilt klnopobads md ads ottoqudr dt ads khlirdrilt. ?=

 

 2?. NOSDRLD MD^ NJOTSD^-^ITRK^ (^IR]KD)

nieed por ul eilstrd md 3 MS, vikr ad mëtoka à ao ﬏l mu eimuad piur uld klcireotkil niepaêtd) ottdlmdlt noeiuflës por mds sokaakds. Ads pçnjdurs ilt mëgà tdlmu njonul ul ﬏aoedlt mdpuks so nonjdttd gusqu‛à ul piklt sur ad birm iudst md ao cissd, dspërolt pkëhdr uld njouvd-siurks ëhorëd. ^k ul eohknkdl aolnd ul sirt sout  sirt sout  piur  piur crolnjkr ao cissd, ka o 40 % md rksqud md sd jdurtdr dt sd niaadr à a‛uld md nds akhlds pkëhëds. ^k ul hriupd triuvd ul eiydl md trovdrsdr ao cissd iu sk qudaqu‛ul dltoed a‛dsnoaomd mds eurs piur ao niltiurldr, ads nrobds-pçnjdurs rdeiltdrilt adurs akhlds skadlnkdusdedlt dt tkrdrilt sur tiutds ads nkbads quk sd prësdltdlt. _uolm ul nrobd-pçnjdur onnrinjdro uld nkbad, ads outrds a‛khlirdrilt aokssolt ao vkntked à adur nilhëlêrd. Ads pçnjdurs ld pduvdlt ottdklmrd ounuld nkbad à a‛dst md ao cissd, eoks kas pduvdlt tkrdr gusqu‛à > e vdrs a‛iudst md ndaad-nk (vikr ad mkohroeed md ao pkênd nk-mdssius).

Ad niuaikr mëbiunjd knk sur uld hrolmd pkênd m‛ou eikls ?:Ø?: e ovdn ul paocilm sktuë à ?: e ou-mdssus mu sia. Tld sirtkd s‛iuvrd à a‛outrd dxtrëektë md ao soaad dt uld aëhêrd brksd s‛y dlhiuccrd. Ad paocilm hriukaad md njouvds-siurks quk vilt dt vkdlldlt mu tullda m‛dl cond. Eoajdurdusdedlt, ad sia prklnkpoa md ao pkênd dst sëporë md a‛onnês mu tullda mols ad aobyrkltjd por uld hrolmd cissd. Ndaadnk edsurd 8,40 e md aorhdur dt sdebad sols cilm, eoks, privdlolt mds pricilmdurs, ad brukt mkstolt md a‛dou niuroltd dst mksndrlobad. Ao cissd cokt 40 e md pricilmdur dt s‛onjêvd, lil pos sur ul paol m‛dou, eoks sur uld nirlknjd rinjdusd. Tl niurt possohd aotëroa nilmukt à uld pkênd iû ulounuld rukssdousirtkd. siutdrrokl l‛ëedrhd qu‛dl nd piklt prënks. A‛dlmrikt l‛iccrd

Ad tullda sur ad nýtë iudst md ao pkênd sdrpdltd sur ?40 e ovolt md mëbiunjdr sur ad nýtë md ao coaoksd. Dl﬏l ao akbdrtë !

?2 e ou-mdssus md ao cissd, > nrobds-pçnjdurs (NO = 6 MD 0 6 MS > 6 pv ?4, ?2, ?2 6 O] 2 6 Mh 2-:/2- : 6 O^ pkêhd à ﬏aoedlt omjëskc ontkvë

 

?4

 

^‛ËNJOPPDR MD A‛KAD

^irtkd por ao novdrld keedrhëd (?0)

Dxpaknotkil md ao nortd md a‛kad

Ao novdrld s‛dst dccilmrëd mdrrkêrd ad hriupd, dxpuasolt a‛dou dl cireolt uld hrissd vohud. Ad hriupd dst sirtk sur ad rkvohd mu aon md nrotêrd. Ao surcond md a‛dou dst rkmëd por ads vohuds niurillëds m‛ënued baolnjd, quk ciudttdlt souvohdedlt m‛ovolt dl orrkêrd, sd jdurtolt dt eiltolt ads ulds sur ads outrds. Portiut, ads pikssils, ads olhukaads dt ads noaeors m‛dou miund tdltdlt crëlëtkqudedlt m‛ënjoppdr oux vkbrotkils kljobktudaads. Ad birm ippisë mu aon md nrotêrd mkstolt md mdux fkaieêtrds sdebad trdebadr aëhêrdedlt tolmks qud ads pdrsillohds ad rdhormdlt.

Ads piklts lueëritës (?0, ?; dt 2?) klmkqudlt ads sirtkds mu aobyrkltjd mu milgil (dt rdpêrdlt oussk ads zilds md rdlniltrds nirrdspilmoltds nirrdspilmoltds por adsqudaads ads giudurs s‛ëvomdlt). Ads akdux ovdn mds adttrds (O gusqu‛à A, souc K quk l‛dst pos rdprks mols ndttd akstd) klmkqudlt mds rdlniltrds dl dxtërkdur. dxtërkdur. Litds piur ad Eoìtrd mu Milgil Ad gdu dl tiurlik l‛utkaksd qud ao portkd aobyrkltjd md nd eimuad. Mols ad nomrd m‛ul tiurlik, sirtkr mu aobyrkltjd mols ads tdeps dst suc﬏solt, eoks ndao aokssd trip md qudstkils dl suspdls piur ul gdu mols ad nomrd m‛uld

Tld coaoksd md ; e md jout miekld a‛kad mdrrkêrd ads pdrsillohds. Mds paols dltkdrs sdebadlt vdlkr md s‛dccrktdr6 ads pkdrrds mënjoussëds tiebdlt, eksds dl brolad por ads sdniussds niltkludaads. Tl ëlired luohd siebrd s‛ëaêvd m‛ul piklt sktuë sur ao portkd iudst md a‛kad ou-mdaà md ao coaoksd dt rdepakt ao eiktkë mu nkda. A‛kad crëekt dt trdebad sols mksniltkludr. Ads paohds quk ndrldlt a‛ìad dl mënrkvolt uld niurbd rëhuakêrd prdlldlt lokssolnd gustd ou lirm dt ou sum md ndt dlmrikt. Mols ads mdux mkrdntkils, ao coaoksd dst dl rdtrokt md ao paohd dt mds orbrds (milt ao pauport silt tiebës) piussdlt dltrd ao niaakld dt ad aon. À dlvkril sdpt ndlt nklquoltd eêtrds ou lirm, vius piuvdz mkstklhudr sur ad aon ul botdou md pçnjd ovolèolt ovdn md hrolmds mkc﬏nuatës vdrs ao rkvd dxtërkdurd. Ou sum-iudst, mds floeeds nrëpktoltds soutdlt por-mdssus por-mdssus ao nked mds orbrds.

noepohld. Ad snëlorki dl dxtërkdur quk sukt milld uld njolnd oux pdrsillohds md s‛ënjoppdr md a‛kad, md rënupërdr adur ëqukpdedlt dt ou ﬏loa, m‛olëoltkr më﬏lktkvdedlt ads ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds. Ao sktuotkil hëlëroad qud rdlniltrdrilt ads pdrsillohds oprês adur cuktd mu milgil l‛dst pos covirobad. Ad eçed trdebadedlt md tdrrd quk o nousë a‛dccilmrdedlt a‛dccilmrd edlt mu aobyrkltjd o mëvostë ad rdstd md a‛kad. ^umdrjoe, ao cirtdrdssd Mronjdl dt ads toumks silt dl ruklds. Ad vianol « ëtdklt ¶ dst eokltdlolt dl padkld ëruptkil, nronjolt aovd dt hoz depiksillës dt rdgdtolt ul ëlired luohd md cueëd dt md ndlmrds quk eosqud ad siadka. Pkrd dlnird, ads sklkstrds jieeds-aovd (vikr ads (vikr ads eil eilstrds strds à ao ﬏l mu eimuad) silt sirtks ovdn ad flit md aovd dt bilmkssdlt portiut mols ad poys, dlfloeeolt tius ads eotërkoux niebustkbads qu‛kas pduvdlt triuvdr. triuvdr. Nd mësostrd ottdklt ropkmdedlt mds pripirtkils ëpkquds.

^irtkd por ao novdrld md a‛orokhlëd (?;)

Nieed mols ad aobyrkltjd, ad tjêed hëlëroa md a‛ovdlturd dl dxtërkdur dst ao cuktd. Ka mdvkdlmro ëvkmdlt eçed piur ad paus stupkmd mds hriupds qud

Ads pdrsillohds sd crokdlt ul njdekl vdrs a‛dxtërkdur por a‛kssud mu nilmukt md a‛orokhlëd, quk milld sur ul floln aëhêrdedlt klnaklë iû

rdstdr mols a‛kad sdrokt uld drrdur cotoad. ^k ads pdrsillohds sd mëpaondlt ou sum iu à a‛iudst, kas rdlniltrdrilt mds cirçts iu mds njoeps dl cdu dt ads jieeds-aovd. ^‛kas dssokdlt md trovdrsdr ^umdrjoe iu ao voaaëd ou sum md ao vkaad, kas sdrilt rdpiussës por ads hoz depiksillës. À eikls md portkr à ao lohd (vikr qukttdr a‛kad ) ads ads pdrs pdrsillohd illohdss giudurs iudurs ﬏lkr ﬏lkrilt ilt prib pribobad obadedlt edlt por orrkvdr oux quoks. Kas y triuvdrilt oussk bkdl ul botdou quk adur pdredt ao cuktd qud ads ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds survkvolts.

piussd ul ëpoks bisqudt md jçtrds. Ads sdniussds sksekquds ilt  gdtë à tdrrd tdrrd dlvkr dlvkril il =0 % mds orbrd orbrdss dt ad bisqudt bisqudt l‛dst l‛dst paus paus qu‛ul qu‛ul dlnjdvçtrdedlt md trilns obottus, md brolnjds brksëds dt md mëbrks cdukaaus. Ad mëpaondedlt mols ndttd zild s‛dccdntud ou tkdrs md ao vktdssd lireoad. Sdrs a‛iudst, ad sum, a‛dst dt ad lirm-dst, ao pdltd s‛ëaêvd piur milldr sur uld coaoksd md ; e md jout, milt ad sieedt sdebad mëbiksë. Dl bos md ao pdltd, vdrs a‛iudst, à dlvkril ;0 e, ka sdebad qu‛uld riutd njdekld mu lirm ou sum, eoks md liebrdux orbrds silt tiebës dl trovdrs. Ou lirm-iudst ads biks aokssdlt paond à ul dspond mëhohë à 30-;0 e.

Piur okmdr ad EM à mënrkrd ao sktuotkil, njonuld mds triks sirtkds mu aobyrkltjd dst mënrktd nk-niltrd por ul porohropjd mënrkvolt ao vkskil mds pdrsillohds. Ttkaksdz ao mdsnrkptkil oppriprkëd, eoks prdldz nillokssolnd mds triks, ou nos iû ads pdrsillohds, oprês çtrd sirtks mu aobyrkltjd, drrdrokdlt mols a‛ul md nds outrds dlmrikts.

A‛kad dltkêrd hrilmd dt trdebad 6 à a‛iudst, uld ëlired niailld md cueëd s‛ëaêvd vdrs ad nkda. Ndttd zild innkmdltoad sdebad ëhoadedlt dl prikd à md liebrdux klndlmkds dt cdux md cirçt. Sius piuvdz dltdlmrd mds nrks aikltokls ou lirm-iudst oklsk qud mds hoaipomds dt mds bçadedlts. ^irtkd por ao novdrld mds njouvds-siurks (2?) Ad hriupd ëedrhd por ul triu mols ad sia ou ekakdu m‛uld cirçt md jçtrds dt md pkls. Ao eiktkë mds orbrds dlvkril o ëtë mëronklëd iu dlmieeohëd. Ads mëpaondedlts mols ndttd cirçt rovohëd s‛dccdntudlt ou tkdrs md ao vktdssd lireoad. Ads biks sdebadlt dl cdu ou sum dt à a‛iudst dt ul ëlired vikad md cueëd likrd s‛ëaêvd ou-mdaà mds floeeds, innuatolt ao auekêrd mu giur giur.. Tl hrilmdedlt siurm pdreoldlt privkdlt mdpuks a‛dlmrikt iû sd triuvd ao cueëd, oklsk qud mu sia rinjdux sius ads pkdms mds pdrsillohds.  Ou lirm lirm-iuds -iudst, t, à quda qudaquds quds ndlto ndltoklds klds md eêtr eêtrds, ds, uld sirtd md hrolmd ohktotkil rdtdltkt ovdn ul cirt ruhkssdedlt eçaolt mds nrks m‛irkhkld olkeoad dt mds brukts md brolnjds brksëds. Ao siurnd md nds brukts ld pdut çtrd vud md ndt dlmrikt. À dlvkril ;0 e ou lirm, ao cirçt prdlm ﬏l, millolt sur uld riutd rdakolt a‛dst à a‛iudst gustd à so akektd. Tld hrolmd ohktotkil onniepohlëd md nrks sdebad sd mëriuadr paus aikl ou lirm. À a‛dst, ads pdrsillohds ld vikdlt qu‛ul poysohd niltklu md cirçt mëvostëd sur ad floln osndlmolt md ao eiltohld. ?3

 

MD^NRKP]KIL MD^ RDLNIL]RD^ MOL^ A‛ÌAD

N. AD^ NJÊSRD^ OCCIAËD^

Ads adttrds sur ao nortd klmkqudlt ad akdu opprixkeotkc md nds rdlniltrds.

N‛dst ul hrolm njoep md baë porniuru por ul triupdou md quotrd njêvrds hëoltds (NO 8 6 MD 4= e 6 MS >+? 6 pv ?4 njonuld 6 O] ? 6 Mh 2-?3 6 O^ += oux mëhâts dl njorhd). Nds njêvrds ëtokdlt hormëds mols ul dlnais à Cirt Mronjdl 6 dl sdltolt ad sëksed keekldlt daads ilt brksë ao naýturd dt mëvoaë ao niaakld gusqu‛à nd njoep. À a‛irkhkld, ads jieeds mds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds ads ilt nopturëds mols ads niaaklds prinjds dl dspërolt ads miedstkqudr. Ad cokt qu‛kas okdlt depaiyë ao nruoutë dt ads eouvoks troktdedlts, niebklë oux sdniussds sksekquds dt oux klndlmkds, ads njêvrds ilt siebrë mols ao ciakd curkdusd. Daads njorhdrilt tiutd pdrsilld opprinjolt à 30 e iu eikls mu ndltrd mu njoep, pdrsuomëds qu‛ka s‛ohkt md adurs pdrsënutdurs. Daads ld piursukvrilt pdrsilld ou-mdaà mds birms mu njoep.

 O. AKEIL SDR] Ndttd pirtkil md paohd dst niuvdrtd m‛ëpovds dt md mëbrks oppirtës por ads vohuds. Mds bâtils, vordnj dt oahuds ëpokssds oklsk qud mds nomovrds md pikssils niuvrdlt ad sobad dl olmokls md mëbrks irholkquds. Tl md nds poqudts m‛oahuds ëpokssds dst dl rëoaktë ul akeil vdrt (NO ; 6 MD 0 6 MS 2 6 pv ?4 6 0 O] 6 Mh 0 6 O^ trolscired ao njokr dl akeil vdrt 6 M^ ads oreds dt ao pauport mds sirts ld ad badssdlt pos). Ka niuvrd ao eiktkë md ao paohd sk ads pdrsillohds ld skhloadltqu‛ul pos qu‛kas ëvktdlt iu klspdntdlt ads dt poqudts m‛oahuds, ao pribobkaktë edebrd mu hriupd eornjd mdmols dst md =0 %. Eçed sk ad akeil dst dladvë keeëmkotdedlt, ad pdrsillohd subkro 2-?3 piklts md mëhâts. Nd akeil jobktd lireoadedlt mols ao colhd ou cilm mu aon, eoks ka o ëtë mëaihë por ads sdniussds sksekquds dt trolspirtë por ads vohuds.

M. Ë_TKPD MD PKAAORM^ Tld ëqukpd jëtërinaktd md edrndlokrds mëhëlërës prihrdssd sur ao riutd vdrs Cirt Mronjdl. Tl hriupd ottdltkc quk sd mëpaond à trovdrs ads biks dt ads paoltotkils ovdn prënoutkil dt vkhkaolnd dltdlmro ads ruc﬏ols

B. AO ]IR]TD DLROHËD Tld tirtud joppoltd hëoltd vkdlt m‛ottdklmrd ao paohd à ndt dlmrikt. Daad l‛o pos dlnird ottdklt so padkld nrikssolnd (NO 0/4 6 MD ; e //3 e 6 MS 3 6 pv 24 6 O] ? 6 Mh >-?:), eoks n‛dst lëoleikls uld nrëoturd tdrrkbad. Mitë m‛ul eouvoks norontêrd loturda, nd rdptkad o ëtë piussë mols uld curkd obsiaud por ads njolhdedlts md sil ekakdu. Daad sd nonjd mols ul triu ou birm md a‛dou dt ottoqudro tiutd nrëoturd vdlolt à > e iu eikls, ëtdlmolt siumokldedlt sil hrolm niu piur eirmrd ovdn sil bdn pukssolt. Dl ottoquolt md ndttd coèil, daad surprdlmro sur ?-= (m3). ^k mds nrëoturds possdlt mdvolt daad à paus md > e, daad ottoqudro sols sd siunkdr mds nilsëqudlnds, sirtolt md sil triu ovdn ul sursout md vktdssd (?: e) niurt eoks surprdlolt.

s‛kltdrpdaadr quolm ads pdrsillohds s‛opprinjdrilt à >3 e md ao pirtkil md ao riutd eorquëd M. Ads pkaaorms ld sdrilt pos vkskbads md ndt dlmrikt dt ad hriupd sdro klnopobad md mkstklhudr naokrdedlt ads eits iu ads aolhuds. Tl hriupd quk ld cdro pos prduvd md prumdlnd iu quk ovolndro ovduhaëedlt l‛dltdlmro pos ads pkaaorms ovolt md s‛çtrd opprinjë à ?: e m‛dux. Mols nds nkrnilstolnds, ads pkaaorms dux-eçeds dltdlmrilt ads brukts mu hriupd opprinjolt dt ndssdrilt keeëmkotdedlt adurs nilvdrsotkils tiut dl tkrolt adurs oreds. Ad hriupd sdro miln klnopobad md ads surprdlmrd. À nousd mds orbrds iu nuaturds, ounul mds mdux hriupds ld piurro opdrndvikr a‛outrd à ndt dlmrikt. Ads pkaaorms ld qukttdrilt pos ao riutd piur dlquçtdr, eoks piursukvrilt adur njdekl prumdeedlt.

Ao noropond md ao tirtud prësdltd uld NO md 0, sil niu dt sds pottds iccrdlt uld NO md 4. ^k daad ads rdtkrd mols ao noropond, ads dxtrëektës mdvkdlmrilt NO 2. Ao tirtud dst trip dlrohëd dt stupkmd piur sovikr quolm daad dst dl mkc﬏nuatë dt daad niebottro gusqu‛à ao eirt.

Ndttd bolmd dst ul hriupd souvohd dt sols snrupuads 7 mdux jieeds md ao hormd md ao vkaad, mdux jibhibdakls, ul hliaa, ul ornjdr irqud, ul

_uknilqud nilsonrd uld jdurd à mëedebrdr ad nirps triuvdro mols sil Şsipjohd mds is jueokls iu osskekaës, mu nukr piurrk dt ul brondadt dl orhdlt m‛uld voadur md >84 pi.

hudrrkdr/ossosskl mdek-irq ud toumks (tius dldtnittd md eokaads, ads hormds ovdn mds biunakdrs), ulmdek-irqud bolmkt mds ul viadur (nds mdux mdrlkdrs dl oreurd md nukr). Ad tobadou md ao pohd sukvoltd ciurlkt adurs norontërkstkquds piur conkaktdr ao hdstkil md ao rdlniltrd. ?8

 

Pkaaorm Hormd ? Hormd 2 Jibhibdakl ? Jibhibdakl 2 Hliaa Irqud µ irqud Bolmkt Siadur

NO = = 4 4 4 4 > : 3

MD MS/Lkvdou pv ?: e Hudrrkdr ? ; ?: e Hudrrkdr ? 3 28 e ?+? : 28 e ?+? 8 28 e 2 ?> ?: e ? 4 ?: e Hudrrkdr > ?4 28 e 0 = 28 e 2 ;

O] Mh ? ?-: ? ?-: ? ?-: ? 2-: ? ?-?0 ? ?-3 ? ?-: ? ?-3 ? ?-3

D. AD AËWORM MD CDT MËNJOÌLË

Ored ëpëd ailhud ëpëd ailhud ëpëd ailhud ëpëd ailhud ëpëd à 2 eokls ëpëd niurtd/orn ëpëd ailhud ëpëd niurtd ëpëd niurtd

Knk, mols uld pdtktd naokrkêrd, ul aëzorm md cdu sd mëbot, riuaolt sur ad mis dt tdltolt md eirmrd tiut nd qu‛ka pdut. Ad hriupd sdro nopobad m‛dltdlmrd ads eiuvdedlts dt ads nrks mu rdptkad polkquë à uld mkstolnd md >3 e mu ndltrd md ao naokrkêrd. Ndpdlmolt, ao prësdlnd mds orbrds ads rdlmro klnopobads md vikr naokrdedlt ao nousd md nds pdrturbotkils  gusqu‛à  gusqu ‛à nd qu‛k qu‛kas as s‛ovdlturdlt s‛ovdlturdlt ou eikls gusqu‛à gusqu‛à a‛ir a‛irëd ëd md ao naokrkêrd. naokrkêrd. ]iut brukt cirt iu tiut mëpaondedlt ropkmd ottkrdro a‛ottdltkil mu aëzorm md cdu. Ao nrëoturd badssëd (NO = 6 MD 28 e 6 MS ?0 6 pv 2> (=4) 6 O] O] > 6 Mh ?-:/?-:/2-?3 6 O^ siucfld uld aolhud md floeeds gusqu‛à > e piur

Nd hriupd rëpuhlolt ëtokt à a‛dxtërkdur md ^umdrjoe dl trokl md bikrd dt giudr quolm ad trdebadedlt md tdrrd o croppë. ]olmks qud ao vkaad s‛ënriuaokt, ad viadur o rëoaksë klstoltolëedlt qud Cirt Mronjdl mdvokt ëhoadedlt çtrd tiebëd dt o pdrsuomë ads outrds m‛oaadr y njdrnjdr ads hrolmds rknjdssds qu‛kas pdlsokdlt y triuvdr. Njonul dssokd m‛keprdsskilldr ads outrds ovdn so cërinktë dt so mëtdreklotkil dt kas tdltdrilt ndrtokldedlt md tudr quknilqud kas rdlniltrdrilt gustd piur sd eiltrdr ads uls oux outrds qu‛kas ld sd aokssdlt pos kltkekmdr. Ndpdlmolt, sk nklq m‛dltrd dux silt tuës iu eks jirs md niebot, ads outrds miutdrilt dt tdltdrilt md cukr.

2-?2 piklts md mëhâts 6 M^ keeulksë oux ottoquds à bosd md cdu) dst niuvdrt md paoquds md pdou bröaëd. Nilsnkdlt md sil keeulktë ou cdu, ndt ëlired niuskl mds mrohils dst mdvdlu trip nil﬏olt dt o dssoyë md sd bokhldr mols ao aovd dl cuskil ! ^o rëskstolnd ou cdu loturdaad a‛o depçnjë m‛çtrd nukt klstoltolëedlt, eoks ads bröaurds klonniutueëds dl rësuatolt ad nilmuksdlt à sd mënjoìldr à trovdrs a‛kad. Ka tdltd dl nd eiedlt prënks md sd mëborrossdr mds ohrdssdurs qu‛ka keohkld sur so pdou. ^‛ka vikt quknilqud, ka pdlsdro qu‛ka s‛ohkt md sil iu sds biurrdoux dt ottoqudro keeëmkotdedlt. Ka niebottro gusqu‛à nd qud sds ippisolts sikdlt eirts iu okdlt cuk.

_uolm kas ottoqudlt, ads hormds, ads jibhibdakls dt ad hliaa s‛dlhohdrilt ou niltont. Ad mdek-irqud dssokdro m‛ottoqudr ad edebrd mu hriupd ad paus pukssolt, oairs qud ad bolmkt njdrnjdro ad paus cokbad iu a‛ippisolt ad paus badssë. A‛irqud ornjdr dssokdro md triuvdr ul bil dlmrikt muquda ka pukssd tkrdr dt ad viadur tdltdro md sd hakssdr sur ads orrkêrds mds dlldeks piur tdltdr md croppdr mols ad mis.

Ad aëzorm md cdu vkt mols uld novdrld ou lirm md ao Prokrkd mu Mrohil (vikr ao nortd md a‛kad). Ads mëvits mu Mrohil md tdrrd ad prdlldlt piur ul mrohil riuhd sols okads dt auk nilsonrdlt rëhuakêrdedlt mds iccrolmds md prikds vkvoltds. Ads ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds auk pdredttdlt md rdstdr sur a‛kad, prëtdlmolt ovikr ad niltrýad md ao bçtd dt a‛klviquolt innoskilldaadedlt nieed uld edlond.

Ads hormds ilt njonul 4 pi 6 ad prdekdr jibhibdakl o 2 pd, 8 pi dt uld hdeed voaolt ?0 pi 6 ad sdnilm jibhibdakl o ?2 pi, dt 2 pp 6 ad mdek-irqud o > po dt ?4 pi 6 ad bolmkt o : po dt 2 pd dt ad viadur o ?0 po, ?2 pd, 24 pi, > pp dt uld hdeed m‛uld voadur liekload md 40 pi.

C. AO RDSOLNJD MD^ D^NAOSD^ Knk, pauskdurs mkzoklds md hdls prdsqud lus (à a‛ëvkmdlnd mds olnkdls dsnaovds) silt dl trokl m‛depoadr adurs olnkdls eoktrds. _udaquds-uls ?:

 

prëpordlt mds pkdux à portkr m‛uld pkad md bönjds. À prixkektë, pauskdurs survdkaaolts dt jieeds md hormd sd mëbottdlt dl ëtolt eokltdlus dt ldutroaksës por pauskdurs dx-dsnaovds. Mês qu‛ul pitdou dst klstoaaë, ul outrd dsnaovohkstd dst troìlë dt depoaë, tolmks qud mds vkvots eiltdlt md ao pipuaond. ^k ads ovdlturkdrs opprinjdlt dl ëtolt pdu vçtus (nieed mols ad aobyrkltjd) kas sdrilt nilskmërës nieed mds dsnaovds ënjoppës dt ao ciuad ads aokssdro trolqukaads tolt qu‛kas ld nousdrilt pos md triubads. ^k ad hriupd dssokd md akbërdr ads noptkcs iu md stippdr ads dxënutkils, iu sk qudaqu‛ul mu hriupd pirtd mds vçtdedlts ibtdlus sur ao bolmd md pkaaorms (zild M ), ads paus ohrdsskc ohrdsskcss mds olnkdls olnkdls dsnaovds dsnaovds ottoqudri ottoqudrilt, lt, pirtolt ul ossirtkedlt mksporotd md niutdoux, mohuds dt md eossuds dl pkdrrd. Ads norontërkstkquds mds olnkdls dsnaovds ossokaaolts vorkdrilt aëhêrdedlt, eoks ka suc﬏ro md prdlmrd por nieeimktë ao eiydlld ciurlkd knk. Mkx-lduc dx-dsnaovds 7 NO ?0 6 MD >3 e 6 lkvdou 0 6 pv = 6 O] ? 6 Mh ?-=. Kas l‛ilt pos md trësir trësir.. Kas silt sugdts oux tkrohds md eiroa nieed mols ad Hukmd mu Eoktrd dt cukrilt sk ads njisds tiurldlt trip eoa piur dux. Tl pdrsillohd ovdn ul Njorksed ëadvë mols ul hriupd ponk﬏qud sdro nopobad m‛klnktdr nds hdls à sukvrd sds mkrdntkvds, oussk ailhtdeps qu‛ka viumro s‛dl prdlmrd oux suppýts mds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds sols dxpisdr dxndsskvdedlt ads dx-dsnaovds. Ad EM mdvro orbktrdr md tdaads sktuotkils. Ads olnkdls dsnaovds viumrilt ndrtokldedlt ﬏lkr m‛depoadr adurs noptkcs ovolt m‛dltrdprdlmrd uld outrd tânjd. Kas ld piurrilt pos çtrd pdrsuomës m‛ottoqudr ad botdou mds sdkhldurs mds njoìlds (dl J ), nor kas ilt trip pdur md adurs piuvikrs. H. TL OEK MD COK] N‛dst ad mëbut mds quoks. À a‛iudst ads vkdkaads eoksils eoa ohdlnëds mu quortkdr mds toumks silt dl trokl md bröadr, ad cdu sd pripohdolt md a‛uld à a‛outrd. Ad prdekdr quok dst sktuë ou lirm-iudst. Tl sdua botdou y dst oeorrë, uld pdtktd hoaêrd pirtolt ad baosil m‛ul mrohil ovdn mds lohdikrds. ^ols prëovks, ul jieed vçtu m‛ul ulkcired md akdutdlolt mds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds sirt md mdrrkêrd uld eoksil prinjd dt niurt vdrs ad hriupd, nrkolt cirt. Ndttd pdrsilld dst ul ohdlt sdnrdt mds sdkhldurs ippisës oux pkrotds quk ilt dlhohë ad hriupd 6 ka ëtokt ad edlmkolt quk ads o nriksës a‛ossout mu rdpok rdpokrd rd mds ^dkoux pirtds md ^umdrjoe (Eimuad O>,  À a‛ossout  hldurs  hldu rs mds njoì njoìlds lds ) dt ad eystër eystërkdux kdux bkdlco bkdlcoktdur ktdur quk quk o ciurlk ciurlk ad tubd tubd md pornjdekls qud ad hriupd o triuvë dl sd rëvdkaaolt mols ad aobyrkltjd. ^o mdrlkêrd ontkil o ëtë m‛ossuedr ad rýad md akdutdlolt mds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds. ^k ad hriupd ad aokssd orrkvdr à 3 e iu eikls sols ad tudr, a‛ul mds edebrds a‛kmdltk﬏dro nieed ad niltont rdlniltrë à ao pirtd md ^umdrjoe. Ad vrok lie md ndt ohdlt dst ^dazdl Eurtoli (NO = 6 MD 28 e 6 viadur lkvdou 3 6 pv >0 6 O] O] ? 6 Mh ?-: ëpëd ailhud 6 Cir 8, Klt ?3, ^oh 3, Mdx ?:, Nil ?4, Njo ?=, OA LB). Ka pirtd uld oreurd md nukr oux oreds norontërkstkquds mds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds. Ka mkro ou hriupd qu‛ka ëtokt nonjë jirs md ao vud mds dx-dsnaovds, rdnjdrnjolt ul eiydl md eiltdr à birm mu Mrohil m‛dou ovolt m‛çtrd bröaë, depoaë iu mëvirë por mds eilstrds. Ad Mrohil m‛dou dst ao hoaêrd prkvëd mds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds, ad botdou ou biut mu prdekdr quok. Ka niltkdlt tiut a‛ëqukpdedlt mds pdrsillohds giudurs dt uld portkd mu trësir mds dsnaovohkstds oklsk qud ads ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds dux-eçeds. ^k nds mdrlkdrs orrkvdlt à s‛ënjoppdr, kas piurrilt piursukvrd adurs ipërotkils mdpuks ul outrd quortkdr hëlëroa. Eoajdurdusdedlt ad botdou dst cirtdedlt hormë dt ads njdcs mds bolmkts silt prçts à portkr mês à prësdlt. Eurtoli milldro ou hriupd mdux pornjdekls qu‛ka o rëussk à mëribdr  siklss uatke uatkeds ds mols cirt Mronjdl. Tl pornjdekl naërknoa md quotrd sirts (  sikl dt > sikl > siklss ekldu ekldurs rs ) dt ul pornjd pornjdekl ekl md md eohknkdl eohknkdl ovdn nklq sirts  sie  sie(   edka ,  klvk  klvkskbk skbkaktë aktë,, cirnd cirnd,, mksskpotkil md ao eohkd, eohkd, dt poro dt  poroaysk ayskdd ). ]ius ads sirts silt ou 8d lkvdou md eoìtrksd. Ka milldro oussk oux pdrsillohds ?;

 

 hukmdd mu Eokt Eoktrd rd mds  Rêhads ovolnëds md Milgils & Mrohils ).  O (vikr (vikr ad ad hukm mds Rêhads ^ur ul tiunjdr rëussk, ao vkntked mikt rëusskr ul gdt md pritdntkil niltrd ad piksil à + = iu subkr ?4 piklts md mëhâts suppaëedltokrds dl 2-4 riulms. Ndttd aoed à vdlkl s‛ëpuksd à a‛usohd 7 ads mëhâts mu piksil sdrilt eoxkeoux ou prdekdr tiunjdr, rëmukts md eiktkë ou sdnilm dt olluaës à portkr mu trikskêed niup. Tl ippisolt o :0 % mds njolnds md rdeorqudr ad piksil sur ao aoed ovolt ao pjosd m‛ottoqud.

ul eilinad dl nrkstoa ovdn ul sirt pdreoldlt md adnturd md ao eohkd, pdredttolt oux aolndurs md sirts mu hriupd m‛utkaksdr ads pornjdekls sols mëaok. Eurtoli rdstdro à a‛ënort md tius ads niebots prëcërolt « hormdr ads orrkêrds ¶. ^‛ka y dst onnuaë, ka niebottro.

]jdh pirtd uld oreurd md nukr dt ul biunakdr. Ka pirtd 40 pp dt ul mkoeolt m‛uld voadur md ? 000 pi mols uld biursd md ndklturd (so rësdrvd md « cilms m‛urhdlnd ¶). ^o ndklturd niltkdlt oussk ul pornjdekl ëlueërolt tius ads ohdlts mds dsnaovohkstds njdz ads sdkhldurs mu Huëorlot oklsk qu‛ul irmrd m‛ossossklot md tius ads prinjds mds ovdlturkdrs. ]jdh Lorait dst dl njorhd mds ontkvktës m‛dspkillohd piur ads ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds. A‛dacd likr hudrrkdr/nadrn Dmroavd dssokdro md rëmukrd ou skadlnd ads otkil l  aolndurs md sirts ippisolts. Daad dssokdro dlsuktd md aolndr aëvkt aolndr  aëvktotki sur ad edkaadur hudrrkdr dlldek piur a‛ëadvdr à 3 e. Dlsuktd daad sd giklmro à ao eçaëd. Dmroavd 7 NO 4 6 MD >3 e, hudrrkdr 4 /nadrn = 6 pv 20 6  O]  O ] ? 6 Mh >-?0 (m:+2)6 M^ 30 % md rëskstolnd rëskstolnd à ao eohkd dt gdts md pritdntkil niltrd ads sirts à + 2 6 Cir ;, Klt ?8, ^oh ??, Mdx ?3, Nil ?0, Njo ?4, OA NE. Daad o uld ëpëd ailhud +2, +2, pirtd uld oreurd md nukr likr, ul biunakdr likr dt ul olld ul olldou ou md md njoadur  njoadur . ^ds sirts loturdas m‛dacd likr silt 7 auek 7 auekêrds êrds mols molsoltd oltdss, audu  audurr cëërkqu cëërkqudd, tëlêbrds tëlêbrds,, mëtdntkil md ao  eohkd,  pdrnd  pdrndptki ptkil l mds oakhldedl oakhldedlts ts,,  aëvkt  aëvktotki otkil l, naokrviyolnd naokrviyolnd,, mëtdntkil mds edlsilhds, edlsilhds, suh  suhhdst hdstkil kil dt  dt mksskpotkil md ao eohkd. eohkd. Ad sirt naërknoa quk auk rdstd dst skadl dst skadlnd nd sur sur 4 e.

J. AD MROHIL M‛DOT  Oeorrë mu nýtë lirm-iudst  Oeorrë lirm-iudst md a‛dxtrëektë a‛dxtrëektë ao paus aikltokld aikltokld mu quok sd triuvd ad Mrohil m‛dou, ao hoaêrd prkvëd mds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds. Daad dst prçtd piur ul mëport keeëmkot. Md liebrdux klsuaokrds mëbrokaaës silt hriupës à ek-njdekl mu quok, trip dccroyës por ads ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds dt adurs suppýts piur ovolndr paus aikl. Prês md a‛dxtrëektë mu quok, triks hormds survdkaadlt ao ciuad ovdn vkhkaolnd. A‛ul dst ul ihrd dl jorliks (NO 2 6 MD 28 e 6 MS =+? 6 pv 20 6 O] ? 6 Mh >-?2 ëpëd à mdux eokls), ads mdux outrds silt mds sdrhdlts md ao triupd mds sdkhldurs dsnaovohkstds (NO = 6 MD ?: e 6 hudrrkdr 2d lkvdou 6 pv ?2, ; 6 O] ? 6 Mh ?-: ëpëd ailhud).

Dmroavd dst uld dxkaëd m‛Drdajdk Nklau milt daad s‛dst dlcukd oprês uld ipërotkil ovirtëd. Ads outrds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds ao rdspdntdlt à

Mdrrkêrd nds hormds, quotirzd jieeds njorhdlt dt prëpordlt ad botdou. Jukt m‛dltrd dux silt mds jieeds m‛oreds (NO 8 6 MD 28 e 6 lkvdou 0 6 pv 4 njonul 6 O] ? 6 Mh ?-: ëpëd ailhud) 6 ads skx outrds silt ads sdkhldurs mds njoìlds survkvolts (vikr paus aikl). Ao nortd mëtokaaëd md ndt dlmrikt eiltrd ads pisktkils md mëport mds hormds dt mds sdkhldurs dsnaovohkstds.

ao ciks piur optktumds dt eiroa piur so nruoutë. Daad à a‛irkhkld mds tontkquds mdsds pdur brksolt ad depaiyëds por dst ads ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds airs md adurs rokms. Mols uld pinjd daad o 4 brinjds m‛dacds likrs, njonuld voaolt 400 pi.  ‛kaauskillkstd std  Aoeilstdl aolndro eitkc jyplitkqud sur ad hriupd. Ka A kaauskillk hormdro sil sirt m‛dccrik gusqu‛à nd qu‛ka okt uld pisskbkaktë md ad aolndr sur ad hriupd sols tiunjdr sds oaakës. Aoeilstdl o NO : 6 MD >3 e 6 kaauskillkstd : 6 pv 2? 6 O] O] ? 6 Mh 2-4 6 M^ nopd md mëpaondedlt, ëvktdro ao prdekêrd ottoqud, Cir 8, Klt ?3, ^oh ?0, Mdx ?8, Nil ?4, Njo ?2, OA AE. ^‛ka mikt niebottrd ka utkaksdro so mohud +?. +?. ^ds sirts silt 7 eur 7 eur md  briukaaor  briu kaaorm  m , eitk  eitkcc jypli jyplitkqu tkqudd, klvk  klvkskbk skbkaktë aktë dt  dt dccrik .

^k ad hriupd opprinjd md a‛dxtrëektë mu quok (y nieprks dl lohdolt, ads hormdlt survdkaadlt três ottdltkvdedlt ads aonëmils quk piurrokdlt vdlkr md a‛dou), ads ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds irmilldrilt oux jieeds m‛oreds md vdlkr dl okmd oux hormds mês ads prdekdrs skhlds md triubads. Ou prdekdr klmknd klmkquolt qud ads pdrsillohds silt paus qud md skepads edrndlokrds eoa ossirtks, ads ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds ads rdnilloktrilt dt bilmkrilt keeëmkotdedlt dl uld ontkil niirmillëd.

Mols sil mis, Aoeilstdl pirtd mols ul ëtuk ëtolnjd ul ontd sur ads mrikts md eklds mols ads niaaklds prês m‛Âprdbokd m‛uld voadur md ? 200 pi, oklsk qud sil hrkeikrd quk niltkdlt ads sirts sukvolts 7

 hrolm m prçtrd prçtrd eouv eouvoks oks ^toaeol Fake aolndro mds sirts iccdlskcs mdAd hrol puks ao priud mu botdou outolt qud pisskbad, puks ka bilmkro à a‛ottoqud. Ka tdltdro m‛obirm md rëmukrd ou skadl ou skadlnd nd tius  tius ads aolndurs md sirts omvdrsds. Ka aolndro a‛kl aolndro  a‛klgiln gilntkil tkil «  « pailhd ! ¶ sur sds dlldeks ou birm mu

PRDEKDR LKSDOT Njolhdedlt m‛oppordlnd Mëtdntkil mds kaauskils Mëtdntkil md a‛klvkskbkakt a‛klvkskbkaktëë Jyplitksed Cirnd coltoseohirkqud Eur md briukaaorm 

quok iu mu botdou. Ad nadrn o NO > 6 MD >3 e 6 nadrn ?? 6 pv >? (42) ( 42) 6 O] O] ? 6 Mh =-; (m3+>), Cir ?4, Klt ?=, ^oh ?8, Mdx ?8, Nil ?>, Njo ??, OA LE. sd md coltosskl coltosskl +2 dt +2 dt mds brond adts md NO 3. 3. ^ds Fake pirtd uld eos uld  eossd mds  brondadts lntkil l (Ø2),  auekêrd, êrd,  skad  skadlnd lnd sur 4 e, e, auekêrd êrd ëtdrldaad ëtdrldaad,, sirts silt 7 klgi 7  klgilntki  (Ø2), auek  huërksil  huër ksil md ao nënktë nënktë,, mksskpotkil md ao eohkd, eohkd, mkvklotkil mkvklotkil,, ldut  ldutroaks roaksotki otkil l mu piksil dt piksil dt vkskil rëdaad. rëdaad. ^ds outrds sirts ilt ëtë utkaksës prënëmdeedlt nieed ndao dst dxpakquë paus aikl mols ndttd sdntkil. Mols uld biursd à so ndklturd sd triuvd uld kmiad dl giyou mu Mrohil md tdrrd, sikhldusdedlt dlvdaippëd, m‛uld voadur md = 000 pi.

MDTZKÊED LKSDOT Mëtdntkil md ao eohkd Eitkc jyplitkqud Klvkskbkaktë

^toaeol Fake dst ad hrolm prçtrd mu nuatd mu Mrohil md tdrrd dt ka nilmoeld ads ovdlturkdrs piur ovikr ottksë ao niaêrd md a‛Ënokaadux sonrë ulkqud.

]RIK^KÊED LKSDOT Mksskpotkil mds kaauskils Dccrik 

Ad mdek-irqud hudrrkdr/o hudrrkdr/ossosskl ssosskl, ]jdh Lorait pailhdro ou nŞur md ao botokaad, nieptolt sur sds toadlts ou niebot piur a‛depirtdr a‛depirtdr.. Ka nrkdro dt njorhdro, mëtiurlolt a‛ottdltkil ou aikl mds aolndurs md sirts dsnao-

_TO]RKÊED LKSDOT Klvkskbkaktë oeëakirëd ]udur coltoseohirkqud Aoeilstdl dst spënkoaksë mols a‛utkaksotkil md tudur coltoseohirkqud sur ads dlldeks mds sdkhldurs mds njoìlds.

vohkstds md ao 2viadusd. o NO 6 MD >3 (vikr e 6 hudrrkdr 8 /ossosskl 86 pv >3 (4>)dt>/O] 6 Mh 2-;]jdh (m:+?) O^8 piksil paus aikl), Cir ?8 (+? ou tiunjdr, +? oux mëhâts), Klt ?3, ^oh ?2, Mdx ?0, Nil ?8, Njo 8 6 OA AE). A‛ëpëd md ]jdh dst depiksillëd ovdn ul piksil klskluotkc md typd 20

 

2?

 

Ao viadusd ^akppdry Fdtto, pailhdro keeëmkotdedlt por-mdssus birm dt lohdro sius ads quoks prëviyolt md hrkepdr mdrrkêrd ad hriupd ou bil eiedlt dt md croppdr mols ad mis ul md sds omvdrsokrds. ^ds njolnds lireoads md mëpaondedlt skadlnkdux silt md :: %, eoks quolm daad dst eiukaaëd daads tiebdlt à 3: %. Daad o NO 2 6 MD >3 e //=4-4= e 6 viadur ?0 6 pv >0 6 O] O] ? 6 Mh ?-:, Cir ?0, Klt ?4, ^oh ?>, Mdx ?:, Nil ?2, Njo ?3, OA LE. Daad dst oreëd m‛uld ëpëd ailhud, pirtd uld oreu uld oreurd rd md nukr +2 dt mds holtdadts mds holtdadts md lohd dt m‛dsnoaomd  m‛dsnoaomd 6 daad croppd mols ad mis ovdn += ou gdt m‛ottoqud tiut dl quomrupaolt ads mëhâts. Daad pirtd uld pokrd md biunads m‛irdkaads voaolt njonuld 800 pi dt uld mohud irlëd md giyoux voaolt ;00 pi.

Tld brinjd dl ir ovdn mds hdeeds voaolt > 000 pi. Tld ipoad md cdu eiltëd sur ul olldou dl paotkld voaolt 4 000 pi. Tld mohud nërëeilkdaad dl orhdlt mënirëd m‛uld hdeed mu nuatd mu Mrohil md ao tdrrd voaolt ? ?00 pi. Tl pornjdekl md mdsskls mds mëeils mds Obyssds, Şuvrd mu hrolm ortkstd dacd likr Iia Durts voaolt ;00 pi.

Ad nirps mds viadurs dspkils md Fdtto dst prësdlt mols tiutds ads vkaads ad ailh md ao edr md Huëorlot 6 n‛dst hrând à nds klcireotdurs qud ads

Tld biktd md hdeeds niltdlolt 2? pkdrrds md auld (40 pi md bosd), ?0 pkênds md gomd (?00 pi md bosd), 4 pdrads baolnjds (?00 pi md bosd), uld pdrad likrd (400 pi md bosd), uld tiureoakld (?00 pi md bosd), uld oeëtjystd (?00 pi md bosd), uld tipozd (400 pi md bosd) dt uld ëedroumd (? 000 pi md bosd).

^dkhldurs mds njoìlds sovdlt dxontdedlt quolm croppdr.  eikld d, crêrd Fdrkl, bilmkro sur ad minf dt siutkdlmro ]jdh Lorait. Ka o Ad eikl NO 3 6 MD 30 e 6 eikld 3 6 pv 2? 6 O] >/2 (eokls luds) Mh 2-: 6 M^ eirt M^ eirt  skeuaëd  skeu aëd,, keeulksë niltrd adlt niltrd adltdur  dur . Cir ?4, Klt ?2, ^oh ?3, Md ?8, Nil ?3, Njo ?0, OA AE. Crêrd Fdrkl l‛dst pos oreë.

Md paus, tius ads ëqukpdedlts prks sur ads ovdlturkdrs airs md adur nopturd silt stinfës mols uld pdtktd noad. Kas ovokdlt ëtë dlviyës vdrs ao nýtd piur çtrd kmdltk﬏ës dt ëvdltudaadedlt vdlmus. A‛ëqukpdedlt dst dltrdpisë dt sënurksë porek m‛outrds eornjolmksds. Nds bkdls ilt uld voadur titoad md >40 pi.

Crêrd Fdrkl ëtokt ad nieeolmolt dl sdnilm md crêrd Ekadrgik dt o prks so paond à ao eirt md sil supërkdur supërkdur,, (sikt mols ad trdebadedlt md tdrrd sikt mols ad niebot ﬏loa mu eimuad O>, dl cilntkil md a‛kssud njikskd por ad EM). Crêrd Fdrkl dst ad rdprësdltolt md ao Crotdrlktë ënoraotd quk o okmë à ﬏lolndr dt à klstoaadr ads ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds.

Rdeorqud 7 sk ads giudurs utkaksdlt ads pdrsillohds prinurës ovdn ad Rdeorqud 7 eimuad, a‛ëqukpdedlt dltrdpisë klnauro ads pissdsskils eohkquds sukvoltds (ndrtoklds m‛dltrd daads nieed ads flênjds eohkquds pduvdlt ovikr ëtë pdrmuds) 7 dou md hudrrd hudrrd +2 +2 m‛Dawkto Ad biunakdr +? dt ad eort Ad biunakdr ad eortdou  m‛Dawkto Ao jonj Ao  jonjdd m‛oreds +?, +?, a‛ oreurd  oreurd md paotd cdukaadtë cdukaadtëdd +2 dt +2 dt 4 flênjds +? m‛« Ihrd ¶ = flênjds +2, +2, ao nittd md eokaads +> dt +> dt a‛ëpëd a‛ëpëd bâtormd +? md Crdmo Ao crilmd Ao  crilmd njdrnjdusd md njdrnjdusd md Forrowoy A‛ëpëd md ropkmktë +?, +?, a‛ olldou  olldou md pritdn pritdntkil tkil +? dt +? dt ads bitt ads bittds ds da﬏quds da﬏quds

]ius ads ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds niebottrilt gusqu‛à ao eirt, nor kas sovdlt qu‛kas sd triuvdlt mols uld sktuotkil mësdspërëd. ^duas nds skxaà ilt survënu ou trdebadedlt md tdrrd dt ou njois dl rësuatolt. Ao pauport m‛dltrd dux ilt ëtë badssës mols adur niursd vdrs ads quoks dt tius ads sirts md sikls mu hriupd ilt ëtë nilsieeës piur sikhldr qudaquds-ulds md adurs badssurds (ad mdek-irqud dt ad nadrn silt dlnird aëhêrdedlt badssës). A‛kaauskillkstd A‛kaauskillkstd o ëhoadedlt utkaksë pauskdurs md sds sirts piur sd croydr ul njdekl vdrs ad Mrohil m‛dou.

md Baimhdtt Ads bron Ads  brondadts dadts md NO NO 3 dt 3 dt ad akvrd md sirts md Mdahotj Ao nopd md pritdntkil +2 dt ad akvrd md sirts md Pjolstdrl A‛ëpkdu A‛ ëpkdu +? dt ad akvrd md sirts md Dagoydss Ad govda Ad  govdait it pdrndu pdrndurr md Foydl ]davo

Ao pauport mds rknjdssds dt md a‛ëqukpdedlt mds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds silt dlciuks sius mds tillds md rinjd, eoks kas silt orrkvës à sokskr qudaquds-uls mds ibgdts ads paus prënkdux dt ads deedldr. À ao piupd md ao hoaêrd, ul niccrd dl biks cdreë à naë niltkdlt ads trësirs sukvolts 7

Adurs outrds pissdsskils niuroltds silt oussk stinfëds knk. ^k ads pdrsillohds nk-mdssus l‛ilt pos ëtë utkaksës, a‛ëqukpdedlt md ndttd akstd l‛y ﬏hurd pos ! Ka sdro rdepaonë por a‛ëqukpdedlt qud pirtokdlt ads pdrsillohds quolm kas ilt ëtë nopturës.

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G. POLK_TD ^TR AD^ _TOK^

F. ^TMDRJOE DL RTKLD^

Tl ëlired niebot sdebad sd mëriuadr vdrs dt outiur mds triks quoks, eoks ka l‛dst pos tiugiurs conkad md sovikr quk dst md quda nýtë piur outolt qud ndttd litkil okt ul sdls. ]riks botdoux md pçnjd eiukaadlt ad ailh mds triks quoks. Pauskdurs outrds sur ad aon sd mkrkhdlt vdrs ad rkvohd m‛dl cond dt a‛ul m‛dux o njovkrë. Mds nktomkls, mds jobktolts mds toumks, mds jieeds md ao hormd, mds dx-dsnaovds dt mds jueoliémds md tiutds sirtds niebottdlt piur s‛depordr mds botdoux. Piur ogiutdr à ao nilcuskil, ul ndrtokl liebrd m‛jueoliémds hrks-vdrt sirtdlt md a‛dou dt sd gdttdlt sols mksnrkeklotkil sur ads outrds niebottolts ads eirmolt dt ads hrkccolt à eirt. Mdux ndlts niebottolts ou eikls pdupadlt ndt dlmrikt.

Ads tiurs md hormd md ^umdrjoe silt tiebëds eoks ads eurs dxtërkdurs silt prdsqud kltonts, jireks ad eur sum. M‛keeilmds vopdurs  gouldss kssuds  gould kssuds mu vianol vianol sd mëvdrsdlt mëvdrsdlt mols mols ao hirhd hirhd ëtriktd ëtriktd por ad eur eur sum ënriuaë dt mols ao vkaad. Mds viautds md hoz ou ros mu sia possdlt innoskilldaadedlt outiur mds nikls md ao vkaad dlnaisd. Portiut iû mds hdls rdlniltrdlt ads vopdurs, kas tiussdlt dt succiqudlt dt cukdlt s‛kas ad pduvdlt. Eikls m‛uld jdurd oprês ad mëbut md a‛ëruptkil, ^umdrjoe dst mëgà uld vkaad eiuroltd. Ads hoz depiksillës niuaolt mols ao vkaad ilt ospjyxkë tius ndux quk ld piuvokdlt pos iu ld viuaokdlt pos portkr. Ads vopdurs silt paus aiurmds qud a‛okr, eoks daads eiltdlt hromudaadedlt ou cur dt à edsurd md a‛ocflux mds hoz por ao hirhd ëtriktd, pkëhëds dltrd ads eurs md ao nktë. Daads ﬏lkrilt por ottdklmrd ad sieedt mds eurs dt sd mëvdrsdr ou-mdaà dlviyolt mds hoz tixkquds mols ads toumks dt ads quoks.

Ad quok ad paus à a‛dst dst uld tdrrkbad snêld md norlohd (vikr mëtoka nortd G). Ad botdou à a‛dxtrëektë mu quok oaailhë o ëtë soksk por trdkzd jibhibdakls quk s‛depaikdlt à cokrd cilntkilldr ads roeds, tolmks qud jukt aonëmils (mds hiuads eorklds NO 3 6 MD 28 e //28 e 6 MS 2 6 pv ; njonuld 6 O] > 6 Mh ?->/?->/?- 3, O^ poroayskd) ilt ëedrhë jirs md a‛dou dt ottoqudlt. Ao botokaad dst dlnird dl niurs 7 2 aonëmils dt 4 jibhibdakls silt tiebës dt ad rdstd niebot, à ao priud dt à ao piupd mu botdou. ^ur ad quok, ; e paus aikl, ul hriupd md lduc jueokls mds mdux sdxds rdhormdlt ao botokaad dl ibsdrvolt sil kssud. Kas silt prçts à cukr sk ads aonëmils iu à ottoqudr ad hriupd md jibhibdakls occokbaks piur s‛depordr s‛depordr mu botdou sk nds mdrlkdrs silt vkntirkdux.

^k mds pdrsillohds silt ossdz cius piur y pëlëtrdr iu sd aokssdr dlvdaippdr por nds vopdurs kas subkrilt ad sirt cotoa survdlu à bdouniup m‛klcirtulës jobktolts md ^umdrjoe. Ad prdekdr riulm md rdspkrotkil primukt uld tiux klniltrýaobad quk priviqud a‛ospjyxkd md ao vkntked. Njoqud riulm possë mols ad hoz rdqukdrt md rëusskr ul gdt md pritdntkil niltrd ad piksil o + 2 iu eiurkr. Ad EM pdut utkaksdr ndttd edlond piur stkeuadr ads giudurs, sk ads jieeds-aovd quk opprinjdlt ld suc﬏sdlt pos. ^k ads giudurs possdlt prês md ao vkaad kas piurrilt dl vikr ossdz piur çtrd ovdrtks mu molhdr. molhdr. ^klil kas sdrilt ovdrtks por ^dazdl Eurtoli iu ul nktiydl dl cuktd. Ao sktuotkil mdvkdlmrokt mroeotkqud sk ads vopdurs nieedlèokdlt à sd mëvdrsdr jirs md ^umdrjoe piur rdniuvrkr a‛dxtrëektë lirm pdlmolt qud ad hriupd dst dl trokl md s‛ënjoppdr md a‛kad.

Tld bolmd md edrndlokrds mds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds (?3 dl tiut) niebottdlt ovdn ?> hormds md ao vkaad piur s‛depordr mds mdux outrds botdoux. Ads hormds md ao vkaad ilt ëtë rdpiussës vdrs ad biut mu minf dt silt pdu à pdu tokaaës dl pkênds por ads edrndlokrds. Ads mdux hriupds silt mds hudrrkdrs md lkvdou 0 dl oreurd md nukr (NO :). Ounul mds mdux hriupds l‛o rdeorquë qud ad paus à a‛iudst mds mdux botdoux niuad adltdedlt. ^il floln o ëtë pdrnë quolm ads jieeds md hormd ilt orronjë ad botdou à sil priprkëtokrd m‛irkhkld Ad quok ndltroa dst uld ëlired eçaëd tiurbkaailloltd njonul piur sil Ad quok nieptd. Daad kepakqud >2 nktomkls (lkvdou 0), ?; dx-dsnaovds (lkvdou 0), ; jieeds m‛oreds (lkvdou 0), ? viadur (lkvdou >), ? hudrrkdr (lkvdou 2), ? nadrn (lkvdou 2), = irquds dt > aonëmils quk cilmdlt sur ads troìlorms dt ads badssës. Ad botdou ad paus ou lirm o prks cdu. Tl hriupd irholksë dt niirmillë pdut sd tokaadr ul njdekl à trovdrs ndttd ciuad, eoks mdvro niebottrd qudaquds klmkvkmus piur prdlmrd pissdsskil mu botdou. Ad quok ad paus à a‛iudst dst a‛iudst dst uld snêld bkzorrd iû a‛ovkmktë miekld ao pdur.. ^ur ao sdnilmd brolnjd mu quok, skx ëlireds hliaas (N 4 6 MD pdur 28 e 6 MS 2 6 PS ?3, ?4, ?>, ?>, ?2, ?? 6 O] ? 6 MH ?-?0) oreës md joaadbormds tkdlldlt à mkstolnd uld ciuad md prdsqud ndlt nktomkls (lkvdou 0) juraolts. Ads hliaas silt onniepohlës md adur njdc ul jieed dl oreurd md nukr likr dt biunakdr (NO 8 6 MD 28 e 6 ossosskl 4 6 pv 20 6 O] ? 6 Mh ?-: ëpëd ailhud) quk outirksd ads hdls à eiltdr sur ads botdoux à ao nilmktkils qu‛kas auk milldlt 40 pi iu paus. Loturdaadedlt três pdu md nktomkls pissêmdlt uld tdaad rknjdssd. Pauskdurs mds hdls dssokdlt m‛irholksdr uld ruëd sur ads hliaas aiurmdedlt oreës sols bdouniup md sunnês oairs qud m‛outrds niebottdlt dt sd viadlt ads uls ads outrds piur ibtdlkr ads 40 pkênds m‛ir. m‛ir. À a‛dxtrëektë md a‛ul mds piltils, sdpt pdrsillds orronjdlt ad paolnjdr piur cokrd ul romdou. ^ius ad quok, = aonëmils rusës ottdlmdlt potkdeedlt qud ads jieeds edttdlt ad romdou à a‛dou.

A. AD^ JIEED^-AOSD DL EORNJD ]riks ]r iks jieeds-aovd (NO 3 6 MD 28 e (?: e) 6 MS 2 6 pv ; njonul 6 O] O] ? 6 Mh >-2= 6 O^ niltont bröaolt M^ tiunjë ulkqudedlt por ored +? iu ekdux, keeulksë niltrd ads ottoquds à bosd md cdu, (vikr ao mdsnrkptkil dl ﬏l mu eimuad) sd tkdlldlt à njoqud dlmrikt eorquë. Haiboadedlt, kas s‛oeusdlt ëlireëedlt dl dlfloeeolt tiut nd qu‛kas pduvdlt. Prdsqud tius ads biks md a‛dxtrëektë sum md a‛kad silt debrosës. Mdux hriupds m‛jieeds-aovd silt dl trokl m‛dlfloeedr ads njoeps md baë dt md eoés à a‛iudst md ^umdrjoe. Tl hriupd o ottdklt ads ruklds md Cirt Mronjdl dt debrosd giydusdedlt tiutd ao paond.

Ao niailkd md aonëmils vkt lireoadedlt ou aorhd iû kas mëvirdlt ads nomovrds (prklnkpoadedlt mds dsnaovds), ads mëtrktus dt ads eirndoux

_uknilqud opprinjd à ; e iu eikls m‛ul jieed-aovd, priviqudro ao vdlud mu poro-ëaëedltokrd quk « ottoqudro ¶ ovdn sil niltont bröaolt. ^il but dst gustd md pdredttrd à ao pouvrd nrëoturd crikmd md sd  giklmrd  giklm rd ou paokskr paokskr mds çtrds çtrds dlfloeeës. dlfloeeës. Tl jieed-aov jieed-aovdd piursukvro piursukvro so nkbad pdlmolt 2-4 riulms, puks mkstrokro sil ottdltkil dt kro dlfloeedr outrd njisd.

md pikssils klutkaksobads gdtës mols ad aon. Innoskilldaadedlt, ul iu mdux sd hakssdlt mols ads toumks dt s‛depordlt m‛ul nainjorm quk ld eolqudro goeoks à pdrsilld. Kas pri﬏tdlt mu njois piur tudr outolt qud pisskbad md nds nrëoturds vkvoltds qu‛daads joéssdlt.

Ads jieeds-aovd nilvdrhdlt vdrs ao portkd lirm-dst md a‛kad à roksil md 30 e por tiur tiur.. ^k rkdl ld ads orrçtd, kas ldttikdrilt a‛kad dltkêrd por ad cdu dt rdtiurldrilt dlsuktd ou vianol ovolt m‛çtrd rkhkmk﬏ës por ad crikm. 2>

 

2=

 

_ukttdr a‛ìad Ad sdua eiydl md qukttdr a‛kad mds ^dkhldurs mds njoìlds dst md trovdrsdr ad aon. Ao rkvd mu nrotêrd sd sktud à 2,> fe mols tiutds ads mkrdntkils mdpuks a‛kad. Ao surcond mu aon dst ohktëd ovdn md a‛ënued. Mu cokt md a‛ëruptkil, ads vohuds silt krrëhuakêrds dt keprëvkskbad keprëvkskbads. s. ^k ads pdrsillohds dssokdlt md portkr dl lohdolt, kas triuvdrilt ndao mkc﬏nkad, eoks pos kepisskbad. Piur crolnjkr ao mkstolnd ovdn sunnês, ul pdrsillohd lil dlniebrë mikt ibtdlkr ul snird klcërkdur iu ëhoa à so Nilstktutkil ovdn >m3 (mols nd niltdxtd, lil dlniebrë rdvkdlt à çtrd protkqudedlt lu 6 uld auekêrd, mds vçtdedlts eiuaolts, uld ndklturd ovdn uld mohud nilstktud ao akektd omeksskbad piur dltrdr mols ndttd notëhirkd). Ads pdrsillohds dlniebrës mikvdlt ibtdlkr ul rësuatot klcërkdur iu ëhoa à ao eiktkë md adur Nilstktutkil (orrilmkd ou supërkdur) ovdn >m3. Ads pdrsillohds dlniebrës rdeorqudrilt a‛dxnês md pikms dt ao rëskstolnd qu‛innoskilldlt adurs pissdsskils dt ourilt uld njolnd md s‛dl mëadstdr. mëadstdr.

NROBD PÇNJDTR CRË_TDLND 7 rord Lbrd RDLNIL]RË 7 ?-= NAO^^D M‛ORETRD 7 = MËPAONDEDL] 7 0 (> e) MË^ MD SKD 7 > NJOLND^ M‛Ç]RD OT HÌ]D 7 ?00 % ][PD MD ]RË^IR 7 D Lbrd M‛O]]O_TD^ 7 2 MËHÂ]^/O]]O_TD 7 2-:/2- :  O]]  O ]]O_TD^ O_TD^ ^PËN ^PËNKOAD^ KOAD^ 7 akhld akhld pkêhd pkêhd omjës omjëskvd kvd MËCDL^D^ ^PËNKOAD^ 7 vikr nk-mdssius RË^K^]OLND RË^K^] OLND À AO EOHKD 7 stolmorm KL]DAAKHDLND 7 sdek  OAKHLDEDL  OAKHL DEDL] ] 7 Ldutr Ldutrdd ]OKAAD 7 E NOPONK]Ë P^K 7 sols   Eimds m‛ottoqud/mëcdls m‛ottoqud/mëcdlsdd 7 sols LKSDOT/SOADTR LKSDOT/S OADTR DL PZ 7 KKK/:4 + > por pv Ads nrobds-pçnjdurs silt mds nrëoturds à ao noropond murd dt ovdn md liebrdusds pottds quk vkvdlt dl pkëhdolt ads olkeoux mols ad eilmd siutdrrokl. Piur kltdrndptdr so prikd, ad nrobd-pçnjdur depaikd ul ﬏aoedlt três siakmd dt joutdedlt omjëskc quk port md so triepd. Nd ﬏aoedlt edsurd ?: e md ailh 6 ka dst dlmukt à sil dxtrëektë por ul sun pukssoeedlt omjëskc. Tl nrobd-pçnjdur pdut prigdtdr nd ﬏aoedlt mdpuks so triepd ovdn vktdssd dt prënkskil, croppolt nieed ul eilstrd md 3 MS. Ka « rdeiltdro ¶ dlsuktd so prikd à roksil md =,40 e por riulm utkaksolt ul trduka irholkqud niepadxd jëbdrhë mols uld pritubërolnd noporoèillëd sktuëd mdrrkêrd ao tçtd md ao nrëoturd. Tl nrobd-pçnjdur pdut tkrdr uld prikd pdsolt  gusqu‛à  gusq u‛à 200 fh (sikt = 000 pi). A‛omj A‛omjëskc ëskc md tçtd tçtd dlmukt oussk oussk ad ﬏aoedlt ﬏aoedlt 6 ka sd mkssiut ovdn mds akqukmds à joutd tdldur dl oaniia iu por ad solh mu nrobd-pçnjdur (quk niltkdlt oussk bdouniup m‛oaniia). Ads ﬏aoedlts silt sk siakmds qu‛kas ld pduvdlt çtrd niupës qu‛ovdn uld ored trolnjoltd +?

^k ads pdrsillohds mënkmdlt md nilstrukrd ul romdou (dl suppisolt qu‛kas triuvdlt mds eotërkoux suc﬏solts), ad EM mdvro tdlkr nieptd md ao prihrdsskil mu cdu dt mu hoz dt mënkmdr s‛kas ilt ad tdeps md ad cokrd. ^‛kas rëusskssdlt à tdeps, ka adur coumro ou eikls mdux jdurds piur pohoydr  gusqu‛ou  gusq u‛ou rkvoh rkvohdd ^k ads pdrsillohds rëquksktkilldlt ul botdou md pçnjd kltont, kas l‛ourilt ounul pribaêed piur ottdklmrd ad rkvohd. ^‛kas rëusskssdlt à nopturdr ad Mrohil m‛dou, kas ourilt mu eoa à ad mkrkhdr. Ao hoaêrd o uld pdtktd vikad, eoks sduas ads pdrsillohds niepëtdlts piurrilt ao eolkdr nirrdntdedlt.  Ovdn ao vikad vikad dl cilntki cilntkil, l, ka suc﬏ suc﬏ro ro md md jukt jukt roedu roedurs rs supp suppaëedl aëedltokr tokrds ds paus ul borrdur piur eolkdr ad lovkrd. ^ols ad rdniurs à ao vikad, ka coumro ou eikls miuzd roedurs. Ka dst dlvksohdobad qud ads pdrsillohds ëakekldlt ads sdkhldurs mds njoìlds ou ekakdu mu aon sols ads ovikr occriltës ou prëoaobad 6 ka adur suc﬏t md rëusskr à nilstrukrd ul romdou iu md rëquksktkilldr ul botdou md pçnjd. Mols nd nos, ad EM piurro irholksdr uld nilcriltotkil dltrd ad hriupd dt ads sdkhldurs mds njoìlds md a‛outrd nýtë mu aon sur uld riutd iu uld pkstd nilmuksolt ou paus prinjd rdcuhd. ^k uld tdaad sktuotkil mdvokt sd primukrd, ad EM vdkaadro à nd qud ads pdrsillohds okdlt uld njolnd roksillobad md hohldr (sikt ovdn a‛okmd md Eurtoli iu ovdn uld outrd okmd oltk dsnaovohkstd). NRËMK]^ Nilèu, ënrkt, ëmktë dt eks dl pohds por 7 Aowrdlnd ^njkf Mëvdaippdedlt 7 Fdvkl Jdlmryx, Ëmktkil 7 Joriam Gijlsil, ^tdvd ^uaakvol Kaaustrotkils 7 Dria Itus, Gke Risaic, ^tdvd ^uaakvol, ovkm N. ^utjdraolm KKK, Gdol Xdaas, Bkaa Xkaaklhjoe Niepisktkil 7 Rixolld E. Pdrndy Eksd dl pohd 7 Giynd O. Frdss  Okmds prën prënkdusd kdusd 7 Movd Movd Niif, Niif, Oaadl Joeeo Joeeonf, nf, Dvol Ribkls Ribklsil il Niirmklotdur mu tiurlik 7 Bib Baofd Rdedrnkdedlts spënkoux à Joriam Gijlsil piur so portknkpotkil à ao nilndptkil md nd eimuad ]romuntkil SC 7 Gkjde Rdadnturd 7 ^yrklkty, Gdol Eksd dl pohd 7 Aitjrklhdr

iu 6 kasluaad siltou-mdaà. sk ﬏ls qud ao pribobkaktë md ads rdeorqudr à > e l‛dst qud md ekdux 20 % dt _uolm ao prikd m‛ul nrobd-pçnjdur dst roedlëd, ao nrëoturd ao tud dt ao mëedebrd ovdn sds pklnds, ao niupolt dl eirndoux piuvolt çtrd klhërës. Mdux mds jukt pottds m‛ul nrobd-pçnjdur silt tdreklëds por mds hrkccds pukssoltds. Ao nrëoturd utkaksd ads skx outrds piur s‛olnrdr oux rinjdrs md a‛dlmrikt iû daad sd nonjd, sd niaaolt à a‛dlmrikt ovdn ad eçed omjëskc qud ndauk milt sil ﬏aoedlt dst dlmukt. Ads nrobds-pçnjdurs prëcêrdlt sd nonjdr sur mds nirlknjds ou-mdssus m‛dlmrikts md hrolm possohd ovdn adurs ﬏aoedlts mëgà tdlmus dl ul piklt njiksk piur ottropdr md pdtktds nrëoturds viaoltds. ^k qudaqu‛ul porvkdlt à pirtëd m‛ul nrobd-pçnjdur sols sd jdurtdr à sil ﬏aoedlt, ao nrëoturd ad rdeiltdro skadlnkdusdedlt (dl ul riulm) dt tkrdro dlsuktd sur ao vkntked pitdltkdaad. ^k daad ao eolqud, daad rdnieedlndro oussk ailhtdeps qud so prikd sdro à pirtëd. Ao nirlknjd iu ao lknjd m‛ul nrobd-pçnjdur dst hëlëroadedlt niuvdrtd mds is dt mds pissdsskils md sds vkntkeds. ^k ads olkeoux ainoux opprdlldlt à ëvktdr a‛dlmrikt iû sëgiurld ul pçnjdur mds novdrlds, ka mkssiumro sds ottonjds dt roepdro gusqu‛à ul liuvda dlmrikt iû sds prikds silt eikls prumdltds.

Nd eimuad dst uld tromuntkil lil ic﬏nkdaad rëoaksëd por ads edebrds mu Milgil mu Mrohil, à but lil aunrotkc, dt ld pdut dl ounul nos çtrd vdlmu. Ads tdxtds dt ads kaaustrotkils opportkdlldlt à adurs outdurs rdspdntkcs dt à Xkzorms ic tjd Niost /Josbri. Sdrskil SC ?.2 - Mëndebrd 20?4

24

 

JIEED-AOSD CRË_TDLND 7 três rord Lbrd RDLNIL]RË 7 2-2= NAO^^D M‛ORETRD 7 3 MËPAONDEDL] 7 28 e (?: e) MË^ MD SKD 7 2 NJOLND^ M‛Ç]RD OT HÌ]D 7 sols ][PD MD ]RË^IR 7 sols Lbrd M‛O]]O_TD^ 7 ? MËHÂ]^/O]]O_TD MËHÂ]^/O ]]O_TD 7 >-2= >-2 =  O]]  O ]]O_TD^ O_TD^ ^PËN ^PËNKOAD^ KOAD^ 7 niltont niltont bruao bruaolt lt MËCDL^D^ ^PËNKOAD^ 7 tiunjë ulkqudedlt por oreds +? iu ekdux 6 keeulksë niltrd ads ottoquds à bosd md cdu RË^K^]OLND RË^K^] OLND À AO EOHKD 7 stolmorm KL]DAAKHDLND 7 cokbad  OAKHLDEDL  OAKHL DEDL] ] 7 Njoit Njoitkqud kqud Ldutr Ldutrdd ]OKAAD 7 P (;0 ne) NOPONK]Ë P^K 7 sols   Eimds m‛ottoqud/mëcdls m‛ottoqud/mëcdlsdd 7 sols LKSDOT/SOADTR P.Z. 7 KKK/;8 + 2 por pv

NRËO]TRD NRËO ]TRD MD ^OBAD CRË_TDLND 7 rord Lbrd RDLNIL]RË 7 ? NAO^^D M‛ORETRD 7 > MËPAONDEDL] 7 >3 e (?: e) MË^ MD SKD 7 = NJOLND^ M‛Ç]RD OT HÌ]D 7 34 % ][PD MD ]RË^IR 7 sols Lbrd M‛O]]O_TD^ 7 ? MËHÂ]^/O]]O_TD MËHÂ]^/O ]]O_TD 7 2-?3 2- ?3  O]]  O ]]O_TD^ O_TD^ ^PËNK ^PËNKOAD^ OAD^ 7 sols sols MËCDL^D^ ^PËNKOAD^ 7 Keeulksë niltrd ad sieedka, poroayskd, njored dt outrds sirts klfludlèolt ao pdlsëd RË^K^]OLND À AO EOHKD 7 stolmorm KL]DAAKHDLND 7 sols  OAKHLDEDL  OAKHL DEDL] ] 7 Ldutr Ldutrdd ]OKAAD 7 H NOPONK]Ë P^K 7 sols   Eimds m‛ottoqud/mëcdls m‛ottoqud/mëcdlsdd 7 sols LKSDOT/SOADTR LKSDOT/S OADTR DL PZ 7 KKK/:4 + = por pv Tld nrëoturd md sobad sdebad çtrd uld eossd oeirpjd md sobad hakssolt.  Omuatd,  Omuat d, ndttd nrëoturd nrëoturd dst siakt siaktokrd okrd6 daad jobk jobktd td mols ads dlmr dlmrikts ikts sobadux sobadux ksiaës nieed ads mësdrts kljobktës, ads novdrlds md skaknd iu ads paohds mësdrtëds. Ads nrëoturds md sobad silt souvohdedlt tdrrktirkoads dt daads ottoqudrilt tiutd nrëoturd pëlëtrolt sur adurs mieoklds. Daads niebottdlt dl nklhaolt dt dl aonërolt ovdn ul hris psdumipimd obroskc. Ads cireds fldxkbads dt njolhdoltds mds nrëoturds md sobad ads rdlmdlt mkc﬏nkads à dlmieeohdr por mds ossouts pjyskquds (adur naossd m‛oreurd dst md >). Gdtdr uld quoltktë suc﬏soltd (=0 aktrds iu paus) m‛dou iu outrd akqukmd sur ao dur  dt nrëoturd ouro ads eçeds dccdts qu‛ul sirt md adlt md adltdur   dt rëmukro ads mëhâts md ao nrëoturd md sobad md eiktkë (?-:). Ads nrëoturds md sobad silt oppordeedlt mds nrëoturds à bosd md skaknd dt pauskdurs sohds pdlsdlt qu‛daads silt irkhklokrds mu Paol ëaëedltokrd md ao tdrrd. Tld nrëoturd md sobad nrikt gusqu‛à nd qu‛daad okt ottdklt so padkld tokaad (> e md mkoeêtrd) piur dlsuktd nieedlndr à sd rdprimukrd por mkvkskil. Ads pdtktds nrëoturds md sobad hrisskssdlt gusqu‛à dlvkril 4 ne md mkoeêtrd ovolt md sd sëpordr mu pordlt. Ad tdrrktikrd m‛uld nrëoturd md sobad omuatd hriukaad siuvdlt md ekaakdrs md pdtktds nrëoturds md sobad, ounul paus hrolm qud ?4 ne md mkoeêtrd. Mês qud a‛ul m‛dux mëpossd ndttd tokaad, ao nrëoturd md sobad pordlt ad pdrèikt nieed uld edlond dt ad tud. _uolm ul pordlt nrëoturd md sobad edurt, ad paus hris md sds pdtkts hrisskt piur prdlmrd so paond tuolt sds rkvoux (sk daad ad pdut). Ads nrëoturds md sobad sdltdlt ao njoadur, ads sils dt ao eikskssurd. Daads mëtdstdlt a‛juekmktë dt nrdusdlt sius tdrrd piur ëvktdr ao paukd iu a‛dou (à eikls qud ndao ld mëcdlmd adur tdrrktikrd). Ka o ëtë roppirtë a‛dxkstdlnd

Ads jieeds-aovd silt mds nrëoturds mu paol poro-ëaëedltokrd mu cdu (vikr a‛dlnynaipëmkd Mkvklktës a‛dlnynaipëmkd  Mkvklktës dt Mdek-Mkdux  mds   mds Rêhads ovolnëds md Milgils & Mrohils ). Innoskilldaa Innoskilldaadedlt dedlt,, kas possdlt sur ad Paol eotërkda eotërkda prkeokrd prkeokrd por mds iuvdrturds nrëëds por ao hrolmd prdsskil dt ao njoadur md ao aovd siutdrrokld. Ao rinjd dl cuskil mu Paol eotërkda prkeokrd o ul « hiöt ¶ mkccërdlt md ndauk mu Paol mu cdu dt ads jieeds-aovd okedlt ad vksktdr piur obsirbdr sds dssdlnds. Ads jieeds-aovd okedlt portknuakêrdedlt lohdr mols ads vianols dl ontkvktë, nor quolm kas silt dl ëruptkil, ads jieeds-aovd silt akbrds md s‛omilldr à adur spirt covirk nilskstolt à debrosdr tius ads niebustkbads qu‛kas pduvdlt ottdklmrd. Kas ld silt pos três vkcs, eoks kas silt eoaknkdux dt okedlt rdhormdr ads nrëoturds mu Paol eotërkda prkeokrd cukr piur ënjoppdr oux floeeds kliccdlskvds (piur dux). Ads jieeds-aovd ld silt pos vrokedlt eitkvës por ad niebot, eoks à njoqud ciks qu‛kas rdlniltrdlt uld nrëoturd, kas dssokdlt md a‛ottkrdr mols ad cdu gustd piur ad paokskr paokskr.. Adur tiunjdr dlfloeeolt debrosd tius ads ibgdts niebustkbads md tiutds ads nrëoturds qu‛kas tiunjdlt, klflkhdolt ?-: piklts md mëhâts md cdu à njoqud riulm pdlmolt >-3 (m=+2) riulms (paus ads mieeohds primuktsklfloeeobads klfloeeobadsnieed pirtës nieed ads flosquds m‛jukad). Adsklmukts ibgdtsmds eohkquds ads pornjdekls bëlë﬏nkdlt m‛ul gdt md pritdntkil niltrd ads cdux lireoux. ^‛ka dst ottoquë dt rëdaadedlt badssë ul jieed-aovd sd souvdro, eoks s‛ka dst onnuaë, ka sd mëcdlmro, croppolt ovdn ul piklh dl cuskil piur >-2= piklts md mëhâts (ads nrëoturds rëskstoltds ou cdu y nieprks ndaads quk silt pritëhëds por mds eiydls eohkquds ld subkssdlt qud ao eiktkë mds mëhâts). Ndpdlmolt, ads jieeds-aovd ld silt pos badssës conkadedlt 7 uld ored +? iu supërkdurd dst rdquksd piur ads tiunjdr, eoks tiutd ored ovdn ul bilus klcërkdur à + 2 quk tiunjdro ul jieed-aovd cilmro ! Dl paus, kas silt keeulksës niltrd tiutds ads ottoquds à bosd md cdu. Ads jieeds-aovd silt md pdtktds cireds jueoklds (;0 ne md jout) brkaaoltds. Md pdtktds biuccëds md floeeds gokaakssdlt nilstoeedlt md adur pdou dt njoqud jieed-aovd krromkd uld njoadur ëqukvoadltd à ul cdu md  gikd, rdlm rdlmolt olt adur prix prixkektë kektë ossd ossdzz klnil klnilcirto cirtobad. bad. Ads jieeds jieeds-aov -aovdd silt mds çtrds skepads quk okedlt gustd dlfloeedr ads njisds. Ka ld adur vkdlt goeoks à a‛dsprkt qud ads outrds nrëoturds pukssdlt çtrd badssëds. Ads jieeds-

m‛ëlireds nrëoturds md sobad triks ciks paus hrolmds qu‛ul omuatd lireoa, eoks ndao l‛o pos ëtë nil﬏reë. Ads nrëoturds md sobad ilt tiugiurs ao eçed imdur qud ad sobad md adurs tdrrktikrds. Daads ilt oussk ao eçed tdepëroturd qud adur dlvkrilldedlt dt silt miln klvkskbads à a‛klcrovkskil.

aovd ld pduvdlt rdstdr jirs md ao aovd qud pdlmolt 3 jdurds ovolt md sd rkhkmk﬏dr dt mdvdlkr keeibkads. Kas rdstdlt rordedlt mdjirs paus md 2 iu > jdurds, nor kas nilskmêrdlt nieed crikmd tiutd njisd klcërkdurd à 400 mdhrës Ads jieeds-aovd ld poradlt ounuld aolhud mu Paol eotërkda prkeokrd. 23

 

E[NILKMD (Jieed njoepkhlil)

ul eynilkmd nousdro ?-= piklts md mëhâts. Njonuld md adurs eokls pitdaëd o mdux mikhts trilquës ovdn ul piund md njoqud nýtë. Ads eynilkmds vkvdlt pricilmëedlt sius tdrrd mols mds nilmktkils nilvdlobads piur mds njoepkhlils. Kas ld s‛ovdlturdlt goeoks à ao surcond dt ilt uld pdur eirtdaad md ao auekêrd mu siadka mkrdntd. Ads dccdts rëdas md ao auekêrd mu siadka sur ads eynilkmds silt klnillus, eoks kas mikvdlt çtrd lukskbads iu ads jieeds njoepkhlils ld ao nroklmrokdlt pos).

CRË_TDLND 7 rord Lbrd RDLNIL]RË 7 ?-?2 (20-200) NAO^^D M‛ORETRD 7 ?0 MËPAONDEDL] 7 28 e MË^ MD SKD 7 ?-3 NJOLND^ M‛Ç]RD OT HÌ]D 7 80 % ][PD MD ]RË^IR 7 ^ (x 2) Lbrd M‛O]]O_TD^ 7 ? MËHÂ]^/O]]O_TD 7 ?-= x MS  O]]  O ]]O_TD^ O_TD^ ^PËNK ^PËNKOAD^ OAD^ 7 luohd md spir spirds ds (vikr nk-mdssius) MËCDL^D^ ^PËNKOAD^ 7 pdou vdlkedusd RË^K^]OLND À AO EOHKD 7 stolmorm KL]DAAKHDLND 7 eiydlld  OAKHLDEDL  OAKHL DEDL] ] 7 Aiyoa Aiyoa Ldutr Ldutrdd ]OKAAD 7 P à H (30 ne por MS) NOPONK]Ë P^K 7 sols   Eimds m‛ottoqud/mëcdls m‛ottoqud/mëcdlsdd 7 sols LKSDOT/SOADTR LKSDOT/S OADTR DL PZ 7 ? MS 7 K/?= +? por pv

Ao sinkëtë eynilkmd dst bosëd sur mds « ndrnads ¶ quk silt mds hriupds sinkoux dxtrçededlt ëtrikts ulks por hriupds md trovoka dt sdsskils cuskilldaads. Njoqud « giurlëd ¶ m‛ul ndrnad dst strunturëd md coèil rkhkmd 7 jukt jdurds md rdpis, sukvkds md jukt jdurds md trovoka sur ads nuaturds md njoepkhlils iu outrds trovoux lëndssokrds sukvkds por jukt jdurds md cuskil. Piur ads eynilkmds, ao cuskil dst uld niebkloksil md mkvdrtkssdedlt, md nuatd dt ads m‛kltdrontkil sinkoad. cilhiémds sd rossdebadlt ndrnad sdrrë dt paus âhës porek adsAds edebrds rdaânjdlt mds spirdsdl mdul nieeulknotkil dt m‛joaaunklotkil. Ad hriupd dltkdr s‛keedrhd dlsuktd mols uld joaaunklotkil tëaëpotjkqud niaadntkvd pdlmolt jukt jdurds. Ads eynilkmds nilskmêrdlt ndttd cuskil nieed ao roksil m‛çtrd. ^duads ads spirds mëtrdssd brksdrilt prëeoturëedlt ao cuskil m‛ul ndrnad. Tl ndrnad eynilkmd nieprdlm jobktudaadedlt vklht edebrds, quotrd md njoqud tokaad md mës md vkd md ? à 4, n‛dst-à-mkrd quotrd md ? MS, quotrd md 2 MS dtn. _uolm ads eynilkmds vkdkaakssdlt, kas niltkludlt à hrisskr dl tokaad dt dl pikms hohlolt 30 ne ovdn njoqud më md vkd. À ? më md vkd, ul eynilkmd edsurd sduadedlt 30 ne md jout, eoks ad rik à 3 MS edsurd >,3 e md jout. Ads mieeohds qu‛kas klflkhdlt dl niebot ouhedltdlt oussk ovdn adur tokaad. Ads jieeds cilhus sd bottdlt dl croppolt ovdn adurs piklhs, klflkhdolt ?m= piklts md mëhâts por MS md tokaad n‛dst-à-mkrd qu‛ul eynilkmd md ? MS cokt ?-= piklts md mëhâts, ul eynilkmd md 2 MS dl klflkhd 2-:, dtn.  gusqu‛ou  gusq u‛ou rik md 3 MS quk klflkh klflkhdd 3-2= 3-2= piklt pikltss md mëhât mëhâtss sur ul tiunjd tiunjdrr rëussk rëussk.. Ads eynilkmds ilt oussk ao conuatë md rëpolmrd mds luohds md spirds spë-

  2 MS 7 KK/2: +2 por pv > MS 7 KK/40 + > por pv = MS 7 KKK/?40 + = por pv 4 MS 7 KS/204 + 4 por pv 3 MS 7 S/=24 + 3 por pv Ads eynilkmds iu jieeds-cilhus rdssdebadlt à mds njoepkhlils oebuaolts à cired jueoliémd. Adur njokr dst biursiuflëd dt spilhkdusd 6 adur niuadur vorkd mu piurprd ou hrks. Adur pdou, jireks ads eokls, dxsumd uld substolnd tixkqud piur ao njokr olkeoad. ]iut niltont nirpirda ovdn

28

 

nk﬏quds Ad liebrd dt ao vorkëtë md spirds qu‛kas pduvdlt ëedttrd s‛onnriksssdlt quolm kas hrolmkssdlt. _uolm ul eynilkmd onnêmd à ul lkvdou md tokaad supërkdur, supërkdur, ka hohld ao pisskbkaktë md rdgdtdr ul outrd typd md spirds dt ouhedltd ëhoadedlt so primuntkil md spirds. Tl eynilkmd pdur ëedttrd njoqud typd md spirds ul liebrd md ciks por giur ëhoa à sil liebrd md mës md vkd. Por dxdepad ul eynilkmd mitë md triks mës md vkd sdro nopobad md rdgdtdr triks typds md spirds mkccërdlts dt ka piurro ëedttrd njoqud typd triks ciks por giur. Ads mkccërdlts typds md spirds silt dxpisës dt mëtokaaës paus aikl, mols a‛irmrd por adquda ads piuvikrs silt onquks 7 Mëtrdssd 7 Mëtrdssd  7 Nd typd md spird dst utkaksë piur ovdrtkr ads outrds eynilkmds m‛ul molhdr iu m‛ul bdsikl m‛okmd. Ao ropkmd dxpolskil mu luohd prihrdssolt à ao vktdssd md ?2 e por riulm rdtkdlmro a‛ottdltkil keeëmkotd md tius ads eynilkmds à prixkektë md a‛ëedttdur. Ads spirds sd rëpolmrilt

Ad rik mds eynilkmds dst tiugiurs ad paus hrolm edebrd md ao niailkd cilhiémd, ad sdua edebrd quk ottdklt 3 MS. MS. Ka dst oussk ad sdua eynilkmd quk ld portknkpd pos à ul ndrnad. Ads outrds eynilkmds nilskmêrdlt ao sëporotkil md adur ndrnad nieed uld jirrdur dt paokhldlt ad rik siaktokrd. Ao cilntkil md njdc dst nilskmërëd nieed ul mdvikr três mëpaoksolt, prdsqud uld nilmoelotkil. Ndpdlmolt, quolm ad vkdux rik edurt, ad paus cirt eynilkmd md 4 MS ossued tiugiurs ad rýad md liuvdou mkrkhdolt. Ad rik mikt rdstdr dl mdjirs mds occokrds mu ndrnad piur s‛ossurdr qu‛ka rdstdro ibgdntkc dt qu‛ka pirtdro uld ottdltkil sols cokaad à sds mdvikrs md rëhlolt. Ad rik olked ads hormkdls md ao niailkd md sirtd qud ads eynilkmds l‛okdlt pos bdsikl md nieedttrd md vkiadlnd. Ka niirmilld ad noadlmrkdr md trovoka dt pirtd ottdltkil oux occokrds à a‛dxtërkdur md ao niailkd quk piurrokdlt occdntdr ads jieeds njoepkhlils. Ad rik protkqud oussk a‛oanjkekd cilhkqud brossolt mds pitkils spënkoads quk pduvdlt çtrd utkads dl tdeps md triubads. Dl hëlëroa, ads eynilkmds silt uld rond ponk﬏qud quk ld mëskrd qud trovokaadr dt cuskilldr dl pokx. Ou niebot, kas ëvktdrilt md tudr s‛kas ad pduvdlt, nor ao vkiadlnd occdntd lëhotkvdedlt adurs joaaunklotkils cuskilldaads. Ndpdlmolt ounul onnirm l‛o goeoks ëtë nilnau dltrd ads cilhiémds dt ads jueoliémds 7 njonul nilskmêrd a‛outrd nieed uld edlond rëpuhloltd dt ao prdsskil mëeihropjkqud mols ad eilmd siutdrrokl rdstrdklt nousd klëvktobadedlt mds nilflkts.

 gusq  gusqu‛à të dst hohlëd ou lkvdo lkvdouu md ? MS.u‛à ul eoxkeue md >3 e. Ndttd noponktë Rdprimuntkil 7 7 nds spirds ld silt ëeksds qu‛ou eiedlt oppriprkë piur Rdprimuntkil ao nrikssolnd md liuvdoux eynilkmds 6 por nd eiydl, ao pipuaotkil dst nirrdntdedlt niltrýaëd. Tl eynilkmd eiurolt ads dxpuasd outieotkqudedlt. Ndttd noponktë dst ibtdlud ou lkvdou md 2 MS. Nieeulknotkil   7 nds spirds silt utkaksëds prklnkpoadedlt piur ad priNieeulknotkil ndssus md cuskil. Ndpdlmolt daads pduvdlt oussk çtrd utkaksëds por ads eynilkmds piur nieeulkqudr ovdn m‛outrds dspênds (nor ads jieeds njoepkhlils ld pduvdlt pos poradr). A‛ëedttdur prigdttd ul pdtkt luohd md spirds sur uld nrëoturd. ^k ndaad-nk ënjiud à sil gdt md pritdntkil niltrd ad piksil, daad sdro nopobad m‛dltrd dl nieeulknotkil tëaëpotjkqud ovdn ads eynilkmds nilvdrsolt por a‛kltdreëmkokrd md ao pdlsëd md eolkêrd lireoad. Ads rënkpkdlmokrds viailtokrds pduvdlt rotdr mëakbërëedlt adur gdt md pritdntkil. Ao murëd dl tiurs md a‛dccdt dst ëhoad ou liebrd md MS mu eynilkmd ëedttdur. Ndttd noponktë md spirds dst onquksd ou lkvdou md > MS. Ponk﬏notkil 7 7 Ad luohd md nd typd md spirds ld pdut çtrd prigdtë qud sur Ponk﬏notkil uld sduad nrëoturd. ^k ao nrëoturd ënjiud à sil gdt md pritdntkil niltrd ad piksil, daad sdro klnopobad md cokrd quik qud nd sikt mdvdlolt niepaêtdedlt posskvd. Ao nrëoturd occdntëd pdut sduadedlt ibsdrvdr 7 daad ld pdut dltrdprdlmrd ounuld ontkil eçed sk daad dst ottoquëd. Ndt dccdt murd ul liebrd md riulm ëhoa oux MS mu eynilkmd ëedttdur. Ao noponktë md spirds md ponk﬏ md ponk﬏notki notkil l dst hohlëd ou lkvdou md = MS. Joaaunklotkil 7 7 Nds spirds silt oussk utkaksëds prklnkpoadedlt mols ad rktuda Joaaunklotkil md cuskil. Ndpdlmolt daads occdntdrilt oussk m‛outrds nrëoturds. A‛ëedttdur A‛ëedttdur vksd uld nrëoturd ovdn sil luohd md spirds 6 sk ndttd nrëoturd ënjiud à sil gdt md pritdntkil niltrd ad piksil daad subkro md vkiadltds joaaunklotkils pdlmolt ul liebrd md tiurs ëhoa oux MS mu eynilkmd rdspilsobad. Ads nrëoturds joaaunklëds rëohkrilt nieed sukt (m20) 7 Gdt md më ?-?0 ??-?4 ?3-? ?3 -?::

Dccdt sd rdnriqudvkaad dl hë hëe ekssolt rdhormd mols ad vkmd cukt cu kt dl nr nrko kolt lt mo mols ls ul uldd mkr mkrdn dntk tkil il oa oaëo ëoti tikr krdd

?;-2 ?; -200 otto ot toqu qudd ao ao nrë nrëot otur urdd ao ao pau pauss pr prin injd jd pi piur ur ao tu tudr dr Ao noponktë m‛ëedttrd mds spirds joaaunklotikrds dst hohlëd ou lkvdou md 4 MS  Olkeotkil  Olke otkil 7 7 Ndttd noponktë md spirds dst hohlëd ou lkvdou md 3 MS MS,, lkvdou ouquda sdua ad rik pdut onnëmdr. onnëmdr. Ad rik pdut utkaksdr nds spirds piur klcdntdr uld pdrsilld eirtd iu ul nirps olkeoa. Ad nomovrd sd niuvrd oairs md njoepkhlils piurprds quk prdlldlt dl njorhd ads cilntkils mu nirps dt ads rdedttdlt ou trovoka, olkeolt ad nomovrd md sirtd qu‛ka rdssdebad à ul ziebkd. ]iutdciks nd l‛dst pos ul eirt-vkvolt dt ka ld pdut çtrd rdpiussë por ul nadrn. Ads nirps olkeës silt paus adlts qud airsqu‛kas ëtokdlt dl vkd dt kas croppdrilt tiugiurs dl mdrlkdr mols ul riulm md niebot (outrd rdssdebaolnd ovdn ads ziebkds). Ad nirps niltklud md piurrkr dt ads njoepkhlils rdepaondlt hromudaadedlt ads portkds eolquoltds, dl sd spënkoaksolt piur rdepaondr adurs cilntkils. Ndpdlmolt, quolm ao mëhromotkil ﬏lkt por sd piursukvrd trip ailhtdeps, ad nirps ndssd md cilntkilldr dt s‛orrçtd më﬏lktkvdedlt. A‛olkeotkil nieedlnd ?-= giurs oprês a‛klcdntkil dt murd pdlmoltsukvrilt 2-4 sdeoklds ovoltskepads ao putrëcontkil nomovrd. Ads nirps olkeës mds irmrds (millëstitoad por admu nilndptdur ovdn mds spirds md nieeulknotkil) ou ekdux md adurs noponktës. Ads irmrds ilt prkirktë sur ao nilsdrvotkil. 2:

 

PDR^ILLOHD^ MD ]ITRLIK PDR^ILLOHD LTEËRI ^DZD ROND Lkv/Naossd

Dawkto ? C L 3/H

« Ihrd ¶ 2 E J 4/H

Crdmo > C J =/R

Forrowoy = E J 3/NA

Baimhdtt 4 E PH 4/S

Mdahotj ad tdrrkbad 3 E J 4/E

]OKAAD PIKM^  OAKHLDEDL  OAKH LDEDL] ]

?,?4 e :3 fh AB

?,:0 e ;2 fh LB

?,4: e 34 fh NB

?,:0 e :: fh AB

0,;0 e >0 fh LB

?,:> e :? fh LB

?,80 e ?02 fh NB

?,30 e 32 fh NB

?,34 e 4; fh NB

? 4= 28 e

? =4 >3 e

-2 =0 >3 e

? =2 ?: e

> 24 >3 e

3 24 >3 e

3 24 >3 e

2 24 28 e

2 24 >3 e

CIR KL] ^OH MDZ  NIL NJO 

?8 ?2 : ?? ?: ?4

?:(43) : ; ?2 ?: 3

?4 ?> ?4 ?8 ?8 ?=

; ?2 ?3 ?4 ?3 ?>

: ?0 ?0 ?: ?3 3

: ?: ?2 ; ?3 ?4

: ?8 ?2 ?: ?3 ;

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?4 ?8 ?0 ?3 ?4 ;

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EIMKC O]]. EIMKC MDHO]^ EIMKC ]KR

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NO  pv MD

Pjolstdrl 8 E J 4/K

Dagoydss : E µD >/> NA/H

Foydl ]davo ; E D =/= H/E

   OT]RD^ NORON]DRK^]K_TD^ Ads conuatës md viadur md Baimhdtt silt ads sukvoltds 7 Pknfpinfdt 34 %

Nrinjdtohd mds sdrrurds 32 %

Mëtdntkil mds pkêhds 40 %

Mëpaondedlt Mksskeuaotkil skadlnkdux mols a‛iebrd 30 % 43 %

ekldurs rs,, rësks  rëskstoln tolndd ou crikm  dt oquo hëlêsd. êsd. Ads sirts md Forrowoy silt 7 sikl 7 siklss ekldu  dt oquohël ekldurs rs,, purk  purk﬏notk ﬏notkil il mds oake oakedlts dlts dt bikss bikssil il.. Ads sirts m‛Dagoydss silt sikl silt siklss ekldu

 Onuktë  Onuktë oumktkvd 24 %

Dsnoaomd 84 %

Adnturd mds aolhuds 20 %

 

LI]O]KIL MT ]ITRLIK Mols ad nomrd m‛ul tiurlik, sduad ao sdntkil aobyrkltjd mu milgil md nd eimuad sdro utkaksëd. A‛ëtopd ﬏load pdut çtrd nilmuktd dl mëriuaolt ao eëtjimd sukvoltd 7 akrd ad porohropjd mëport oux giudurs adur ﬏xd « ad mëbut mu tdeps keportk ¶. A‛ë A‛ëqukpd qukpd o eokltdlolt = jdurds piur s‛ënjoppdr mu aobyrkltjd. Ads  giudurs  giudu rs rdèikvd rdèikvdlt lt ads cduka cdukaads ads md md pdrsilloh pdrsillohds ds prëpo prëporëds rëds.. Kas pduv pduvdlt dlt prdlm prdlmrd rd outolt outolt md tdeps tdeps qu‛kas qu‛kas ad siujoktd siujoktdlt lt piur piur ads ads ëtumkdr ëtumkdr dt sd prëp prëpordr ordr.. _uolm _uolm kas kas mksdlt ou EM qu‛kas silt prçts, nd mdrlkdr mëeorrdro a‛ontkil dl aokssolt ad hriupd sd rëvdkaadr dl zild ?. Ao litotkil dst skepad dt sd bosd sur ul hriupd quk rëusskt à sirtkr dl sënurktë. LI]O]KIL ?. Njoqud pdrsillohd sirtk vkvolt 2. Njoqud eklutd possëd à sirtkr >. Njoqud zild md rdlniltrd ovdn prksd md rksquds iu bëlë﬏nd hohlë*

+ >0 piklts (eoxkeue 280 piklts) - ? piklt (eoxkeue „2=0 piklts) + 4 piklts (eoxkeue ?00 piklts)

*Tld rëniepdlsd por akdu md rdlniltrd, ? l‛ëtolt pos nieptë. Ads zilds md rdlniltrds iû ad hriupd possd sols s‛orrçtdr iu ibsdrvdr ld nieptdlt pos ^k ad hriupd l‛orrkvd pos à s‛ënjoppdr ovolt ao ﬏l mu tdeps keportk, ad trdebadedlt md tdrrd ﬏loa priviqud a‛ënriuadedlt a‛ënriuadedlt mu aobyrkltjd dt ad hriupd dst tuë. ^k tiutds ads ëqukpds dl niepëtktkil tdrekldlt ovdn mds piklts lëhotkcs, a‛ëqukpd ovdn ad eikls md piklts lëhotkcs dst ao hohloltd. Ttkaksdr ao zild vkdrhd nk-mdssius piur dlrdhkstrdr ads litds dt akdux md rdlniltrds possës murolt ad gdu.